1
|
Du Y, Xia Y, Xu T, Hu H, He Y, Zhang M, Li S. Selenoprotein o as a regulator of macrophage metabolism in selenium deficiency-induced lung inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136232. [PMID: 39362434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) deficiency induces an inflammatory response in the lungs, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Selenoprotein O (SelO) is the largest selenoprotein in terms of molecular weight, yet its potential biological functions have yet to be characterized. Our study revealed that Se deficiency leads to an imbalance in the expression of pro-inflammatory "M1" macrophages and anti-inflammatory "M2" macrophages in alveolar macrophages (AMs) and interstitial macrophages (IMs) and contributed to the development of lung inflammation. Through the analysis of differentially expressed selenoproteins, we identified SelO as a potential regulator of the imbalance in pulmonary macrophage polarization caused by Se deficiency. In vitro experiments showed that SelO knockdown enhanced the polarization of M1 macrophages while suppressing that of M2 macrophages. In addition, SelO knockdown reprogrammed macrophage metabolism to glycolysis, disrupting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, SelO primarily targets mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which plays a crucial role in the transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and is essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. The deficiency of SelO affects TFAM, resulting in its uncontrolled degradation, which compromises mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. In summary, the findings presented here offer significant theoretical insights into the physiological functions of SelO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tong Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haojie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yujiao He
- Kekedala Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation of the Fourth Division of Xinjiang Construction Corps, Kekedala 831304, China
| | - Muyue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Shen S, Xu L, Li M, Tian B, Yao L, Zhu X. LONP1 alleviates ageing-related renal fibrosis by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70090. [PMID: 39261902 PMCID: PMC11390342 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal event contributing to the development of ageing-related kidney disorders. Lon protease 1 (LONP1) has been reported to be responsible for ageing-related renal fibrosis; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of LONP1-driven kidney ageing with respect to mitochondrial disturbances remains to be further explored. The level of LONP1 was tested in the kidneys of aged humans and mice. Renal fibrosis and mitochondrial quality control were confirmed in the kidneys of aged mice. Effects of LONP1 silencing or overexpression on renal fibrosis and mitochondrial quality control were explored. In addition, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) levels, the relationship between LONP1 and METTL3, and the impacts of METTL3 overexpression on mitochondrial functions were confirmed. Furthermore, the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and the regulatory effects of IGF2BP2 on LONP1 were confirmed in vitro. LONP1 expression was reduced in the kidneys of aged humans and mice, accompanied by renal fibrosis and mitochondrial dysregulation. Overexpression of LONP1 alleviated renal fibrosis and maintained mitochondrial homeostasis, while silencing of LONP1 had the opposite effect. Impaired METTL3-m6A signalling contributed at least in part to ageing-induced LONP1 modification, reducing subsequent degradation in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner. Moreover, METTL3 overexpression alleviated proximal tubule cell injury, preserved mitochondrial stability, inhibited LONP1 degradation, and protected mitochondrial functions. LONP1 mediates mitochondrial function in kidney ageing and that targeting LONP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for improving ageing-related renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congxiao Zhang
- Blood Purification CenterThe Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP. R. China
| | - Siman Shen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Man Li
- Blood Purification CenterThe Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang, China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP. R. China
| | - Binyao Tian
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP. R. China
| | - Xinwang Zhu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningP. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeiner S, Wohlrab P, Rosicky I, Schukro RP, Klein KU, Wojta J, Speidl W, Kiss H, Muin DA. Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Novel Biomarker for Intra-Amniotic Infection in Obstetrics: A Pilot Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4616. [PMID: 39200758 PMCID: PMC11354521 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Intra-amniotic infection (IAI) is a rare but serious condition with potential complications such as preterm labor and intrauterine fetal death. Diagnosing IAI is challenging due to varied clinical signs. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been hypothesized to evolve around IAI. This study focused on measuring circulating mtDNA levels, a proposed biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction, in maternal serum and placenta of women with confirmed IAI and healthy controls. Methods: 12 women with confirmed IAI (IAI group) were enrolled following premature preterm rupture of the membranes (PPROM) and compared to 21 healthy women (control group). Maternal blood was obtained two weeks pre-partum and peripartum; furthermore, postpartum placental blood was taken. In the IAI group, maternal blood was taken once weekly until delivery as well as peripartum, as was placental blood. Circulating cell-free mtDNA was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Upon admission, in the IAI group, mean plasma mtDNA levels were 735.8 fg/μL compared to 134.0 fg/μL in the control group (p < 0.05). After delivery, in the IAI group, mean mtDNA levels in the placenta were 3010 fg/μL versus 652.4 fg/μL (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Circulating cell-free mtDNA could serve as a valuable biomarker for IAI prediction and diagnosis. Future research should establish reference values for sensitivity in predicting IAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zeiner
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Wohlrab
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingo Rosicky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.A.M.)
| | - Regina Patricia Schukro
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Ulrich Klein
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Kiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.A.M.)
| | - Dana Anaïs Muin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria (D.A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng FL, Zhang Y, Wang ZH, Zhang H, Meng XT, Wu YQ, Qian ZZ, Ding YH, Li J, Ma TT, Huang C. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice via AIM2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1660-1672. [PMID: 38589685 PMCID: PMC11272772 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive acetaminophen (APAP) can induce neutrophil activation and hepatocyte death. Along with hepatocyte dysfunction and death, NETosis (a form of neutrophil-associated inflammation) plays a vital role in the progression of acute liver injury (ALI) induced by APAP overdose. It has been shown that activated neutrophils tend to migrate towards the site of injury and participate in inflammatory processes via formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this study we investigated whether NETs were involved in hepatocyte injury and contributed to APAP-induced ALI progression. ALI mouse model was established by injecting overdose (350 mg/kg) of APAP. After 24 h, blood and livers were harvested for analyses. We showed that excessive APAP induced multiple programmed cell deaths of hepatocytes including pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis, accompanied by significantly increased NETs markers (MPO, citH3) in the liver tissue and serum. Preinjection of DNase1 (10 U, i.p.) for two consecutive days significantly inhibited NETs formation, reduced PANoptosis and consequently alleviated excessive APAP-induced ALI. In order to clarify the communication between hepatocytes and neutrophils, we induced NETs formation in isolated neutrophils, and treated HepaRG cells with NETs. We found that NETs treatment markedly increased the activation of GSDMD, caspase-3 and MLKL, while pre-treatment with DNase1 down-regulated the expression of these proteins. Knockdown of AIM2 (a cytosolic innate immune receptor) abolished NETs-induced PANoptosis in HepaRG cells. Furthermore, excessive APAP-associated ALI was significantly attenuated in AIM2KO mice, and PANoptosis occurred less frequently. Upon restoring AIM2 expression in AIM2KO mice using AAV9 virus, both hepatic injury and PANoptosis was aggravated. In addition, we demonstrated that excessive APAP stimulated mtROS production and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leakage, and mtDNA activated the TLR9 pathway to promote NETs formation. Our results uncover a novel mechanism of NETs and PANoptosis in APAP-associated ALI, which might serve as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan-le Zeng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhong-Hao Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xue-Teng Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yi-Qin Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Qian
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Hao Ding
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao-Tao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lang HM, Duffourc MM, Bazyler CD, Ramsey MW, Gentles JA. The Relationship Between Cell-Free DNA and Resistance Training Volume Load. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:1008-1012. [PMID: 38373069 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Lang, HM, Duffourc, MM, Bazyler, CD, Ramsey, MW, and Gentles, JA. The relationship between cell-free DNA and resistance training volume load. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1008-1012, 2024-The primary purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) to different resistance training volume loads. The secondary purpose was to examine the relationship between change in cf-DNA and relative strength. Researchers hypothesized that (a) cf-DNA concentrations would increase with increasing volume load and (b) increases in relative strength would result in predicted decreases to %Δ of cf-DNA. Thirty subjects were recruited for this study, 15 men and 15 women. Blood was collected through venous draws into 4-ml vacutainers at 3 time points: immediately before (T1), after 3 sets (T2), and after 6 sets (T3) of the back squat exercise. A critical alpha of 0.05 was set for inferential statistics. A repeated-measures ANOVA showed that cf-DNA increased significantly from T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T2 (1,244.6 ± 875.83) ( p < 0.01) and T1 (407.72 ± 320.83) to T3 (1,331.15 ± 1,141.66) ( p < 0.01), whereas no difference was found from T2 to T3 ( p = 1.00). The linear regression model used to examine the predictive capabilities relative strength had on cf-DNA %Δ from T1 to T3 was found to be significant ( p = 0.04; R2 = 0.15). The results of this study demonstrate the short response of cf-DNA in relation to variations in resistance training volume load. Results also demonstrated the positive relationship between relative strength and cf-DNA %Δ. The current study builds on the body of research that cf-DNA provides insight regarding the level of immune response after exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry M Lang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Mary, Bismarck, North Dakota
| | - Michelle M Duffourc
- Department of Pharmacology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee; and
| | - Caleb D Bazyler
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Michael W Ramsey
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy A Gentles
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yao L, Tian F, Meng Q, Guo L, Ma Z, Hu T, Liang Q, Li Z. Reactive oxygen species-responsive supramolecular deucravacitinib self-assembly polymer micelles alleviate psoriatic skin inflammation by reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1407782. [PMID: 38799436 PMCID: PMC11116664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The new topical formula is urgent needed to meet clinical needs for majority mild patients with psoriasis. Deucravacitinib exerts outstanding anti-psoriatic capacity as an oral TYK2 inhibitor; however, single therapy is insufficient to target the complicated psoriatic skin, including excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and persistent inflammation. To address this need, engineered smart nano-therapeutics hold potential for the topical delivery of deucravacitinib. Methods hydrophobic Deucravacitinib was loaded into polyethylene glycol block-polypropylene sulphide (PEG-b-PPS) for transdermal delivery in the treatment of psoriasis. The oxidative stress model of HaCaT psoriasis was established by TNF-α and IL-17A in vitro. JC-1 assay, DCFH-DA staining and mtDNA copy number were utilized to assess mitochondrial function. 0.75% Carbopol®934 was incorporated into SPMs to produce hydrogels and Rhb was labeled to monitor penetration by Immunofluorescence. In vivo, we established IMQ-induced psoriatic model to evaluate therapeutic effect of Car@Deu@PEPS. Results Deu@PEPS exerted anti-psoriatic effects by restoring mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential in HaCaT. In vivo, Car@Deu@PEPS supramolecular micelle hydrogels had longer retention time in the dermis in the IMQ-induced ROS microenvironment. Topical application of Car@Deu@PEPS significantly restored the normal epidermal architecture of psoriatic skin with abrogation of splenomegaly in the IMQ-induced psoriatic dermatitis model. Car@Deu@PEPS inhibited STAT3 signaling cascade with a corresponding decrease in the levels of the differentiation and proliferative markers Keratin 17 and Cyclin D1, respectively. Meanwhile, Car@Deu@PEPS alleviated IMQ-induced ROS generation and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Conclusion Deu@PEPS exerts prominent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, which may offers a more patient-acceptable therapy with fewer adverse effects compared with oral deucravacitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leiqing Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Faming Tian
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Qinqin Meng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhimiao Ma
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiongwen Liang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
You W, Li Y, Liu K, Mi X, Li Y, Guo X, Li Z. Latest assessment methods for mitochondrial homeostasis in cognitive diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:754-768. [PMID: 37843209 PMCID: PMC10664105 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in neural function, such as supporting normal energy metabolism, regulating reactive oxygen species, buffering physiological calcium loads, and maintaining the balance of morphology, subcellular distribution, and overall health through mitochondrial dynamics. Given the recent technological advances in the assessment of mitochondrial structure and functions, mitochondrial dysfunction has been regarded as the early and key pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. This review will focus on the recent advances in mitochondrial medicine and research methodology in the field of cognitive sciences, from the perspectives of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics (including fission-fusion, transport, and mitophagy).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinning Mi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Center of Quality Control and Improvement on Clinical Anesthesia, Beijing, China
- Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Branch of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Xiu L, Wang T, Zhao D. Effect of L-carnitine in Ameliorating Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiomyocyte Injury via MAPK Signaling. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:79-89. [PMID: 37029860 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate whether L-carnitine (LC) protected H9c2 cells and its underlying mechanisms. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Apoptosis, cell morphology, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assessment were used to prove effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LC on H9c2 cells. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were hired to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. ELISA assay was performed to determine the released protein levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was evaluated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. LC was revealed to protect H9c2 cells against LPS-induced injury as indicated by increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis ratio and LDH level. LC treatment also reduced BAX expression as well as up-regulated Bcl-2 expression under LPS treatment. Mechanically, LC reduced oxidative stress and ameliorated the mitochondrial injury through modulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase phosphorylation levels as indicated by decreased membrane potential, increased ATP production and mtDNA expression. We found that LC ameliorates LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury by abrogating cell apoptosis ratio, ROS levels, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Our findings revealed a potential drug for sepsis or LPS-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Medical College, Internal Medicine Teaching and Research Office, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Xinzheng Huaxin Minsheng Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lei Xiu
- Medical College, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Taoli Wang
- Medical College, Zhengzhou University of Industry Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Radiology Department, Public People's Hospital of Xinzheng, 2000 Meters South of the Intersection of South China Road and Yanhuang Avenue, Xinzheng, 451100, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Motta G, Thangaraj SV, Padmanabhan V. Developmental Programming: Impact of Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A on Senescence and Circadian Mediators in the Liver of Sheep. TOXICS 2023; 12:15. [PMID: 38250971 PMCID: PMC10818936 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA) plays a critical role in the developmental programming of liver dysfunction that is characteristic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Circadian and aging processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. We hypothesized that the prenatal BPA-induced fatty-liver phenotype of female sheep is associated with premature hepatic senescence and disruption in circadian clock genes. The expression of circadian rhythm and aging-associated genes, along with other markers of senescence such as telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and lipofuscin accumulation, were evaluated in the liver tissue of control and prenatal BPA groups. Prenatal BPA exposure significantly elevated the expression of aging-associated genes GLB1 and CISD2 and induced large magnitude differences in the expression of other aging genes-APOE, HGF, KLOTHO, and the clock genes PER2 and CLOCK-in the liver; the other senescence markers remained unaffected. Prenatal BPA-programmed aging-related transcriptional changes in the liver may contribute to pathological changes in liver function, elucidating the involvement of aging genes in the pathogenesis of liver steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasantha Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; (G.M.); (S.V.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MtDNA copy number (CN), a putative noninvasive biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is associated with renal disease. The purpose of this review is to describe studies which measured human blood mtDNA-CN in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to evaluate its potential as a clinical biomarker of kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS Following on from small scale cross-sectional studies implicating mtDNA-CN changes in diabetic kidney disease, recent large scale population studies provide compelling evidence of the association of mtDNA-CN and risk of renal disease in the general population and poor outcomes in CKD patients. SUMMARY The kidney has high bioenergetic needs, renal cells are rich in mitochondrial content containing 100s to 1000s of mtDNA molecular per cell. MtDNA has emerged as both a potential mediator, and a putative biomarker of renal disease. Damage to mtDNA can result in bioenergetic deficit, and reduced MtDNA levels in the blood have been shown to correlate with CKD. Furthermore, leakage of mtDNA outside of mitochondria into the cytosol/periphery can directly cause inflammation and is implicated in acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent large-scale population studies show the association of mtDNA-CN and renal disease and provide a strong basis for the future evaluation of circulating DNA-CN in longitudinal studies to determine its utility as a clinical biomarker for monitoring renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- King's College London, Diabetes and Obesity, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolic Sciences, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Vallbona-Garcia A, Hamers IHJ, van Tienen FHJ, Ochoteco-Asensio J, Berendschot TTJM, de Coo IFM, Benedikter BJ, Webers CAB, Smeets HJM, Gorgels TGMF. Low mitochondrial DNA copy number in buffy coat DNA of primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Exp Eye Res 2023; 232:109500. [PMID: 37178956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is characterized by optic nerve degeneration and irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The pathophysiology is not fully understood. Since RGCs have a high energy demand, suboptimal mitochondrial function may put the survival of these neurons at risk. In the present study, we explored whether mtDNA copy number or mtDNA deletions could reveal a mitochondrial component in POAG pathophysiology. Buffy coat DNA was isolated from EDTA blood of age- and sex-matched study groups, namely POAG patients with high intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis (high tension glaucoma: HTG; n = 97), normal tension glaucoma patients (NTG, n = 37), ocular hypertensive controls (n = 9), and cataract controls (without glaucoma; n = 32), all without remarkable comorbidities. The number of mtDNA copies was assessed through qPCR quantification of the mitochondrial D-loop and nuclear B2M gene. Presence of the common 4977 base pair mtDNA deletion was assessed by a highly sensitive breakpoint PCR. Analysis showed that HTG patients had a lower number of mtDNA copies per nuclear DNA than NTG patients (p-value <0.01, Dunn test) and controls (p-value <0.001, Dunn test). The common 4977 base pair mtDNA deletion was not detected in any of the participants. A lower mtDNA copy number in blood of HTG patients suggests a role for a genetically defined, deficient mtDNA replication in the pathology of HTG. This may cause a low number of mtDNA copies in RGCs, which together with aging and high IOP, may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, and contribute to glaucoma pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Vallbona-Garcia
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ilse H J Hamers
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Florence H J van Tienen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Irenaeus F M de Coo
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carroll A B Webers
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu D, Luo L, Huang Y, Lu M, Tang L, Diao Y, Kapranov P. Dynamic Patterns of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA Replication Uncovered Using SSiNGLe-5'ES. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119711. [PMID: 37298662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper replication of mitochondrial DNA is key to the maintenance of this crucial organelle. Multiple studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of replication of the mitochondrial genome have been conducted in the past several decades; however, while highly informative, they were conducted using relatively low-sensitivity techniques. Here, we established a high-throughput approach based on next-generation sequencing to identify replication start sites with nucleotide-level resolution and applied it to the genome of mitochondria from different human and mouse cell types. We found complex and highly reproducible patterns of mitochondrial initiation sites, both previously annotated and newly discovered in this work, that showed differences among different cell types and species. These results suggest that the patterns of the replication initiation sites are dynamic and might reflect, in some yet unknown ways, the complexities of mitochondrial and cellular physiology. Overall, this work suggests that much remains unknown about the details of mitochondrial DNA replication in different biological states, and the method established here opens up a new avenue in the study of the replication of mitochondrial and potentially other genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Xu
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lingcong Luo
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yong Diao
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Philipp Kapranov
- Institute of Genomics, School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ryan KM, Doody E, McLoughlin DM. Whole blood mitochondrial DNA copy number in depression and response to electroconvulsive therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110656. [PMID: 36216200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in various psychiatric conditions. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA, represents an attractive marker of mitochondrial health that is easily measured from stored DNA samples, and has been shown to be altered in depression. In this study, we measured mtDNAcn in whole blood samples from medicated patients with depression (n = 100) compared to healthy controls (n = 89) and determined the relationship between mtDNAcn and depression severity and the therapeutic response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We also explored the relationship between mtDNAcn and telomere length and inflammatory markers. Our results show that mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from patients with depression when compared to control samples, and this result survived statistical adjustment for potential confounders (p = 0.002). mtDNAcn was significantly elevated in blood from subgroups of patients with non-psychotic or unipolar depression. There was no difference in mtDNAcn noted in subgroups of ECT remitters/non-remitters or responders/non-responders. Moreover, mtDNAcn was not associated with depression severity, telomere length, or circulating inflammatory marker concentrations. Overall, our results show that mtDNAcn is elevated in blood from patients with depression, though whether this translates to mitochondrial function is unknown. Further work is required to clarify the contribution of mitochondria and mtDNA to the pathophysiology of depression and the therapeutic response to antidepressant treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Doody
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Declan M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, James Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reduced OPA1, Mitochondrial Fragmentation and Increased Susceptibility to Apoptosis in Granular Corneal Dystrophy Type 2 Corneal Fibroblasts. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030566. [PMID: 36980838 PMCID: PMC10048436 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive degeneration of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2) corneal fibroblasts is associated with altered mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated whether an imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction of GCD2 corneal fibroblasts. Transmission electron microscopy revealed several small, structurally abnormal mitochondria with altered cristae morphology in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts. Confocal microscopy showed enhanced mitochondrial fission and fragmented mitochondrial tubular networks. Western blotting revealed higher levels of MFN1, MFN2, and pDRP1 and decreased levels of OPA1 and FIS1 in GCD2. OPA1 reduction by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) resulted in fragmented mitochondrial tubular networks and increased susceptibility to mitochondrial stress-induced apoptosis. A decrease in the mitochondrial biogenesis-related transcription factors NRF1 and PGC1α was observed, while there was an increase in the mitochondrial membrane proteins TOM20 and TIM23. Additionally, reduced levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were exhibited in GCD2 corneal fibroblasts. These observations suggest that altered mitochondrial fission/fusion and biogenesis are the critical molecular mechanisms that cause mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to the degeneration of GCD2 corneal fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lehle S, Emons J, Hack CC, Heindl F, Hein A, Preuß C, Seitz K, Zahn AL, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Ruebner M, Huebner H. Evaluation of automated techniques for extraction of circulating cell-free DNA for implementation in standardized high-throughput workflows. Sci Rep 2023; 13:373. [PMID: 36611077 PMCID: PMC9825368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27216-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) is a suitable tool for detecting somatic mutations for the purpose of making decisions on treatment, monitoring treatment response, and predicting survival. High-throughput techniques for ccfDNA extraction are essential to implementing ccfDNA testing in the clinical setting. We set out to compare two automated techniques with regard to hands-on time, ccfDNA output and integrity, and circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). CcfDNA was isolated using the EZ1&2 ccfDNA field test kit (EZ2 kit, QIAGEN) and the Maxwell RSC ccfDNA plasma kit (Maxwell kit, Promega). DNA was extracted from plasma of 30 breast cancer patients enrolled in the iMODE-B (#325_19B; 12.10.2020) study. Real-time PCR, fluorescence-based detection and automated electrophoresis were used to assess ccfDNA concentrations. The ccfDNA yield was significantly higher when extracted with the EZ2 kit. The EZ2 kit enabled the isolation of a higher proportion of short fragments and a lower proportion of long fragments, resulting in lower DNA integrity. Significantly lower mtDNA quantities were detected in the Maxwell eluate than in the EZ2 eluate. Thus, decisions on which extraction method to use should proceed on the basis of the required input for downstream applications, the anticipated fragment size and minimum hands-on time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lehle
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julius Emons
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carolin C. Hack
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Heindl
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Caroline Preuß
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Seitz
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna L. Zahn
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- grid.411668.c0000 0000 9935 6525Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smetanina MA, Oscorbin IP, Shadrina AS, Sevost'ianova KS, Korolenya VA, Gavrilov KA, Shevela AI, Shirshova AN, Oskina NA, Zolotukhin IA, Filipenko ML. Quantitative and structural characteristics of mitochondrial DNA in varicose veins. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 145:107021. [PMID: 35690235 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined quantitative (in terms of mtDNA/nuclear DNA) and structural (in terms of common deletions in the MT-ND4 gene region) characteristics of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in varicose veins (VVs) and venous wall layers by comparing mitochondrial genome parameters, as well as mitochondrial function (in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (MtMP)), in varicose vein (VV) vs. non-varicose vein (NV) tissue samples. METHODS We analyzed paired great saphenous vein samples (VV vs. NV segments from each patient left after venous surgery) harvested from patients with VVs. Relative mtDNA level and the proportion of no-deletion mtDNA were determined by a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR), confirming the latter with a more sensitive method - droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Mitochondria's functional state in VVs was assessed using fluorescent (dependent on MtMP) live-staining of mitochondria in venous tissues. RESULTS Total mtDNA level was lower in VV than in NV samples (predominantly in the t. media layer). ddPCR analysis showed lower proportion of no-deletion mtDNA in VVs. Because of the decrease in relative MtMP in VVs, our results suggest a possible reduction of mitochondrial function in VVs. CONCLUSION Quantitative and structural changes (copy number and integrity) of mtDNA are plausibly involved in VV pathogenesis. Future clinical studies implementing the mitochondrial targeting may be eventually fostered after auxiliary mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariya A Smetanina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Igor P Oscorbin
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexandra S Shadrina
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya S Sevost'ianova
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valeria A Korolenya
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Gavrilov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Andrey I Shevela
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Department of Surgical Diseases of V. Zelman Institute for the Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Arina N Shirshova
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Natalya A Oskina
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A Zolotukhin
- Department of Faculty Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Maxim L Filipenko
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics Development, Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hepokoski ML, Odish M, Lam MT, Coufal NG, Rolfsen ML, Shadel GS, Moyzis AG, Sainz AG, Takiar PG, Patel S, Leonard AJ, Samandari N, Hansen E, Trescott S, Nguyen C, Jepsen K, Cutter G, Gillespie MN, Spragg RG, Sasik R, Ix JH. Absolute quantification of plasma mitochondrial DNA by droplet digital PCR marks COVID-19 severity over time during intensive care unit admissions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L84-L92. [PMID: 35699291 PMCID: PMC9273271 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma mitochondrial DNA concentrations are associated with poor outcomes in multiple critical illnesses, including COVID-19. However, current methods of cell-free mitochondrial DNA quantification in plasma are time-consuming and lack reproducibility. Here, we used next-generation sequencing to characterize the size and genome location of circulating mitochondrial DNA in critically ill subjects with COVID-19 to develop a facile and optimal method of quantification by droplet digital PCR. Sequencing revealed a large percentage of small mitochondrial DNA fragments in plasma with wide variability in coverage by genome location. We identified probes for the mitochondrial DNA genes, cytochrome B and NADH dehydrogenase 1, in regions of relatively high coverage that target small sequences potentially missed by other methods. Serial assessments of absolute mitochondrial DNA concentrations were then determined in plasma from 20 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 without a DNA isolation step. Mitochondrial DNA concentrations on the day of enrollment were increased significantly in patients with moderate or severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with those with no or mild ARDS. Comparisons of mitochondrial DNA concentrations over time between patients with no/mild ARDS who survived, patients with moderate/severe ARDS who survived, and nonsurvivors showed the highest concentrations in patients with more severe disease. Absolute mitochondrial DNA quantification by droplet digital PCR is time-efficient and reproducible; thus, we provide a valuable tool and rationale for future studies evaluating mitochondrial DNA as a real-time biomarker to guide clinical decision-making in critically ill subjects with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Hepokoski
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mazen Odish
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Michael T Lam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Mark L Rolfsen
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Gerald S Shadel
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Alva G Sainz
- Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Puja G Takiar
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Sagar Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Austin J Leonard
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | | | - Emily Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Samantha Trescott
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Celina Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mark N Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Roger G Spragg
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Joachim H Ix
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ershova ES, Shmarina GV, Martynov AV, Zakharova NV, Veiko RV, Umriukhin PE, Kostyuk GP, Kutsev SI, Veiko NN, Kostyuk SV. NADPH-oxidase 4 gene over-expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the schizophrenia patients. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269130. [PMID: 35696356 PMCID: PMC9191697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased systemic oxidative stress is common in schizophrenia (SZ) patients. NADPH-oxidase 4 (NOX4) is the cell oxidoreductase, catalyzing the hydrogen peroxide formation. Presumably, NOX4 is the main oxidative stress factor in a number of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We hypothesized that NOX4 may be involved in the oxidative stress development caused by the disease in the schizophrenic patients’ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Materials and methods The SZ group included 100 patients (68 men and 32 women aged 28 ± 11 years). The control group included 60 volunteers (35 men and 25 women aged 25 ± 12 years). Flow cytometry analysis (FCA) was used for DNA damage markers (8-oxodG, ɣH2AX), pro- and antiapoptotic proteins (BAX1 and BCL2) and the master-regulator of anti-oxidant response NRF2 detection in the lymphocytes of the untreated SZ patients (N = 100) and the healthy control (HC, N = 60). FCA and RT-qPCR were used for NOX4 and RNANOX4 detection in the lymphocytes. RT-qPCR was used for mtDNA quantitation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cell-free DNA concentration was determined in blood plasma fluorimetrically. Results 8-oxodG, NOX4, and BCL2 levels in the PBL in the SZ group were higher than those in the HC group (p < 0.001). ɣH2AX protein level was increased in the subgroup with high 8-oxodG (p<0.02) levels and decreased in the subgroup with low 8-oxodG (p <0.0001) levels. A positive correlation was found between 8-oxodG, ɣH2AX and BAX1 levels in the SZ group (p <10−6). NOX4 level in lymphocytes did not depend on the DNA damage markers values and BAX1 and BCL2 proteins levels. In 15% of PBL of the HC group a small cellular subfraction was found (5–12% of the total lymphocyte pool) with high DNA damage level and elevated BAX1 protein level. The number of such cells was maximal in PBL samples with low NOX4 protein levels. Conclusion Significant NOX4 gene expression was found a in SZ patients’ lymphocytes, but the corresponding protein is probably not a cause of the DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Natalia V. Zakharova
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
- Normal Physiology Departement, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - George P. Kostyuk
- N. A. Alexeev Clinical Psychiatric Hospital №1, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wallace K, Bjork J. Molnupiravir; molecular and functional descriptors of mitochondrial safety. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 442:116003. [PMID: 35358570 PMCID: PMC8958731 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an orally active nucleoside analog antiviral drug that recently was approved by the U.S. FDA for emergency treatment of adult patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus and at risk for severe progression. The active form of the drug, N-hydroxycytidine (NHC) triphosphate competes for incorporation by RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) into the replicating viral genome resulting in mutations and arrest of the replicating virus. Historically, some nucleoside analog antiviral drugs have been found to lack specificity for the virus and also inhibit replication and/or expression of the mitochondrial genome. The objective of the present study was to test whether molnupiravir and/or NHC also target mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (PolG) or RNA polymerase (POLRMT) activity to inhibit the replication and/or expression of the mitochondrial genome leading to impaired mitochondrial function. Human-derived HepG2 cells were exposed for 48 h in culture to increasing concentrations of either molnupiravir or NHC after which cytotoxicity, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial gene expression were determined. The phenotypic endpoint, mitochondrial respiration, was measured with the Seahorse® XF96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Both molnupiravir and NHC were cytotoxic at concentrations of ≥10 μM. However, at non-cytotoxic concentrations, neither significantly altered mitochondrial gene dose or transcription, or mitochondrial respiration. From this we conclude that mitochondrial toxicity is not a primary off target in the mechanism of cytotoxicity for either molnupiravir or its active metabolite NHC in the HepG2 cell line.
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Y, Yang Y, Liu Z, He L. Adiponectin promotes repair of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Metabolism 2022; 128:154959. [PMID: 34953916 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial biogenesis and dysfunction are associated with renal tubular epithelial cell injury and the pathophysiological development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Adiponectin (APN) is a plasma hormone protein specifically secreted by adipocytes. In the present study, we studied the effects of APN on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in renal tubular epithelial cells and examined the mechanisms underlying its actions. MATERIALS A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was established using streptozotocin (STZ), and an NRK-52E culture model exposed to high glucose was also used. We found that APN treatment alleviated kidney histopathological injury in T2DM rats, reduced fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) levels, maintained stable animal weight, promoted cell viability, inhibited apoptosis and the formation of autophagosomes, and also increased mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We found that the expression of AdipoR1/CREB/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway proteins and respiratory chain complex subunits CO1, CO2, CO3, ATP6 and ATP8 were significantly increased after APN treatment. We also found that inhibition of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) weakened the effects of APN in NRK-52E cells treated with high glucose. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that AdipoR1 interacted with CREB. CONCLUSION APN promoted mitochondrial biogenesis and function in renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the AdipoR1/CREB/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway. APN has the potential to serve as an effective drug for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Yiya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Changsha Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China; Hunan Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Changsha, Hunan 410000, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of resveratrol on superovulation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112565. [PMID: 34959118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is one of the key factors affecting the outcome of ART. Therefore, how to improve oocyte quality has become an urgent problem in the field of ART. In this study we evaluated the effect of resveratrol (RSV), added during the process of superovulation, on embryonic development in mice. The results showed that the blastocyst rate was significantly higher in the RSV treated group than in the control group when oocytes were parthenogenetically activated in vitro (61.67 vs 41.51%, P = 0.032). In the naturally fertilized oocytes group, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst were significantly higher in the RSV treatment group than in the control group (74.47% vs 60.98%, P = 0.035; 96.19% vs 70.00%, P = 0.000, respectively). For the aged mice, the average number of oocytes, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst were also significantly higher in RSV treated groups than in the control group (19.47 ± 5.98 vs 10.30 ± 4.82, P = 0.028; 69.03 vs 50.75%, P = 0.014; 64.10% vs 44.12%, P = 0.049, respectively). Mitochondrial membrane potential and mtDNA copy number in oocytes were significantly increased after RSV treatment in both the young and aged populations. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes was significantly upregulated in cumulus cells of young and aged mice following RSV treatment. Our data suggest that supplementation of RSV during superovulation improves oocytes quality in young and aged mice, increases the number of oocytes retrieved from aged mice, and improves oocytes mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
22
|
Remdesivir; molecular and functional measures of mitochondrial safety. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115783. [PMID: 34740633 PMCID: PMC8562045 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir is one of a few antiviral drugs approved for treating severe cases of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in hospitalized patients. The prodrug is a nucleoside analog that interferes with viral replication by inhibiting viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The drug has also been shown to be a weak inhibitor of human mitochondrial RNA polymerase, leaving open the possibility of mitochondrial off-targets and toxicity. The investigation was designed to explore whether remdesivir causes mitochondrial toxicity, using both genomic and functional parameters in the assessment. Human-derived HepG2 liver cells were exposed for up to 48 h in culture to increasing concentrations of remdesivir. At sub-cytotoxic concentrations (<1 μM), the drug failed to alter either the number of copies or the expression of the mitochondrial genome. mtDNA copy number was unaffected as was the relative rates of expression of mtDNA-encoded and nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Consistent with this is the observation that remdesivir was without effect on mitochondrial respiration, including basal respiration, proton leak, maximum uncoupled respiration, spare respiratory capacity or coupling efficiency. We conclude that although remdesivir has weak inhibitory activity towards mitochondrial RNA polymerase, mitochondria are not primary off-targets for the mechanism of cytotoxicity of the drug.
Collapse
|
23
|
Rajendra J, Ghorai A, Dutt S. 14-3-3ζ negatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in GBM residual cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08371. [PMID: 34825085 PMCID: PMC8605068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumour with a median survival of only 15 months. We have previously demonstrated the generation of an in vitro therapy resistance model that captures the residual resistant (RR) disease cells of GBM post-radiation. We also reported the proteomic landscape of parent, residual, and relapse cells using iTRAQ based quantitative proteomics of glioma cells. The proteomics data revealed significant up-regulation (fold change >1.5) of 14-3-3ζ, specifically in GBM RR cells. This was further confirmed by western blots in residual cells generated from GBM cell lines and patient sample-derived short-term primary culture. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of 14-3-3ζ radio-sensitized GBM cells and further stimulated therapy-induced senescence (TIS) and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) phenotype in RR cells. Intriguingly, 14-3-3ζ knockdown residual cells also showed a significantly higher number of mitochondria and increased mtDNA content. Indeed, in vitro GST pull-down mass spectrometry analysis of GST tagged 14-3-3ζ from RR cells identified novel interacting partners of 14-3-3ζ involved in cellular metabolism. Taken together, here we identified novel interacting partners of 14-3-3ζ and proposed an unconventional function of 14-3-3ζ as a negative regulator of TIS and mitochondrial biogenesis in residual resistant cells and loss of which also radio-sensitize GBM cells. 14-3-3ζ is up-regulated in residual disease cells of GBM. 14-3-3ζ knockdown radiosensitizes GBM cells. 14-3-3ζ knockdown increases MNGCs formation and senescence in residual cells. 14-3-3ζ negatively regulates mitochondrial biogenesis of residual disease cells. Novel interacting partners of 14-3-3ζ from residual cells are involved in cellular metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacinth Rajendra
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Atanu Ghorai
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shilpee Dutt
- Shilpee Dutt Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400085, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Emerging methods for and novel insights gained by absolute quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number and its clinical applications. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107995. [PMID: 34592204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The past thirty years have seen a surge in interest in pathophysiological roles of mitochondria, and the accurate quantification of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mCN) in cells and tissue samples is a fundamental aspect of assessing changes in mitochondrial health and biogenesis. Quantification of mCN between studies is surprisingly variable due to a combination of physiological variability and diverse protocols being used to measure this endpoint. The advent of novel methods to quantify nucleic acids like digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and high throughput sequencing offer the ability to measure absolute values of mCN. We conducted an in-depth survey of articles published between 1969 -- 2020 to create an overview of mCN values, to assess consensus values of tissue-specific mCN, and to evaluate consistency between methods of assessing mCN. We identify best practices for methods used to assess mCN, and we address the impact of using specific loci on the mitochondrial genome to determine mCN. Current data suggest that clinical measurement of mCN can provide diagnostic and prognostic value in a range of diseases and health conditions, with emphasis on cancer and cardiovascular disease, and the advent of means to measure absolute mCN should improve future clinical applications of mCN measurements.
Collapse
|
25
|
Huebner H, Lubrich H, Blum S, Antoniadis S, Lermann J, Ekici A, Fasching PA, Beckmann MW, Ruebner M, Burghaus S. Comparison of methods for isolation and quantification of circulating cell-free DNA from patients with endometriosis. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:788-798. [PMID: 34493460 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Which is the optimal extraction method for isolating and quantifying circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) from patients with endometriosis? Endometriosis is a common benign disease, associated with pain, infertility and reduced quality of life. Endometriosis is also a known risk factor for various cancers. Robust biomarkers for early detection and prediction of prognosis, however, are lacking. CcfDNA is an easy to obtain biomarker associated with prognosis of cancer patients and enables non-invasive analysis of somatic mutations. Recently, elevated levels of ccfDNA were detected in patients with endometriosis. DESIGN Two different ccfDNA extraction methods were compared: Maxwell RSC ccfDNA plasma kit (Maxwell) and QiAamp minElute ccfDNA mini kit (QIAamp). The ccfDNA and circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantities from 34 patients diagnosed with endometriosis were analysed. Fluorometric measurement and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of short and long ALU and mtDNA fragments were used to quantiy ccfDNA. RESULTS The yield of ccfDNA isolated with the Maxwell method was significantly higher compared with the QIAamp method (P < 0.0001). Integrity of ccfDNA was significantly higher in the QIAamp isolate (P < 0.0001). Recovered mtDNA was not significantly different between both extraction methods used. CONCLUSIONS The choice of extraction method can significantly influence the ccfDNA output and integrity. Both methods, however, enabled isolation of sufficient ccfDNA for further downstream applications. With this approach, isolation of ccfDNA could enable the non-invasive detection and analysis of somatic mutation within endometriosis tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Lubrich
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Simon Blum
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Antoniadis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Lermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ruebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Burghaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, University Endometriosis Center for Franconia, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Picard M. Blood mitochondrial DNA copy number: What are we counting? Mitochondrion 2021; 60:1-11. [PMID: 34157430 PMCID: PMC8464495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is growing scientific interest to develop scalable biological measures that capture mitochondrial (dys)function. Mitochondria have their own genome, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It has been proposed that the number of mtDNA copies per cell (mtDNA copy number; mtDNAcn) reflects mitochondrial health. The common availability of stored DNA material or existing DNA sequencing data, especially from blood and other easy-to-collect samples, has made its quantification a popular approach in clinical and epidemiological studies. However, the interpretation of mtDNAcn is not univocal, and either a reduction or elevation in mtDNAcn can indicate dysfunction. The major determinants of blood-derived mtDNAcn are the heterogeneous cell type composition of leukocytes and platelet abundance, which can change with time of day, aging, and with disease. Hematopoiesis is a likely driver of blood mtDNAcn. Here we discuss the rationale and available methods to quantify mtDNAcn, the influence of blood cell type variations, and consider important gaps in knowledge that need to be resolved to maximize the scientific value around the investigation of blood mtDNAcn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rosa H, Malik AN. Accurate Measurement of Cellular and Cell-Free Circulating Mitochondrial DNA Content from Human Blood Samples Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2277:247-268. [PMID: 34080155 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1270-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Changes in circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are widely used to indicate mitochondrial dysfunction in common non-genetic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role. However, the methodology being used is not always specific and reproducible, and most studies use whole blood rather than evaluating cellular and cell-free mtDNA separately. Cellular mtDNA is contained within the mitochondrion and encodes vital subunits of the OXPHOS machinery. Conversely, cell-free mtDNA can have harmful effects, triggering inflammatory responses and potentially contributing to pathogenic processes. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to accurately measure the amount of cellular and cell-free human mtDNA in peripheral blood. Absolute quantification is carried out using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify cellular mtDNA, measured as the mitochondrial genome to nuclear genome ratio (designated the Mt/N ratio) in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the number of mtDNA copies per μL in plasma and serum. We describe how to (1) separate whole blood into PBMCs, plasma, and serum fractions, (2) prepare DNA from each of these fractions, (3) prepare dilution standards for absolute quantification, (4) carry out qPCR for either relative or absolute quantification from test samples, (5) analyze qPCR data, and (6) calculate the sample size to adequately power studies. The protocol presented here is suitable for high-throughput use and can be modified to quantify mtDNA from other body fluids, human cells, and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fukunaga H. Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126634. [PMID: 34205712 PMCID: PMC8235559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is known to contribute to mitochondrial diseases, as well as to a variety of aging-based pathologies. Mitochondria have their own genomes (mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)) and the abnormalities, such as point mutations, deletions, and copy number variations, are involved in mitochondrial dysfunction. In recent years, several epidemiological studies and animal experiments have supported the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) theory, which states that the environment during fetal life influences the predisposition to disease and the risk of morbidity in adulthood. Mitochondria play a central role in energy production, as well as in various cellular functions, such as apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and calcium metabolism. In terms of the DOHaD theory, mtDNA copy number may be a mediator of health and disease. This paper summarizes the results of recent epidemiological studies on the relationship between environmental factors and mtDNA copy number during pregnancy from the perspective of DOHaD theory. The results of these studies suggest a hypothesis that mtDNA copy number may reflect environmental influences during fetal life and possibly serve as a surrogate marker of health risks in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Fukunaga
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, N12 W7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Association of cell free mitochondrial DNA and caspase-1 expression with disease severity and ARTs efficacy in HIV infection. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3327-3336. [PMID: 33886057 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV infection is a global health concern. Current HIV-diagnostics provide information about the disease progression and efficacy of anti-retroviral therapies (ARVs), but this information is very limited and sometimes imprecise. Present study assessed the potential role of mononuclear cell (MNC) death, expression of caspases (1&3) and cell free mitochondrial DNA (CF mt-DNA) in HIV infected individuals. Apoptosis, cell-count, expression of caspases and CF mt-DNA were measured through flow cytometry and qPCR, respectively, in HIV infected individuals (n = 120) divided in two groups i.e. ARVs-receiving (treated, n = 87), ART-naïve (untreated, n = 37) and healthy individuals (n = 47). Data showed significant (p < 0.0001) cell death in untreated individuals than treated and healthy individuals. CD4-positive T-cell percentage declined (p < 0.0001) in untreated as compared to treated individuals. Caspase-1, an indicator of pyroptosis, and CF mt-DNA were also elevated in untreated HIV infected individuals. Untreated individuals when administered with ARVs showed improved CD4-positive T-cell percentage, lower caspase-1, CF mt-DNA and cell death. Data elucidated positive co-relation between cell death and CF mt-DNA in treated and untreated HIV infected individuals. While CD4-positive T-cell percentage was negatively correlated with caspase-1 expression and CF mt-DNA. Elevated levels of CF mt-DNA and caspase-1 in HIV infected individuals, positive correlation between cell death and CF mt-DNA, negative correlation of CD4-positive T-cell percentage with CF mt-DNA and caspase-1 expression clearly indicated the potential of CF mt-DNA and caspase-1 as a novel disease progression and ARTs effectiveness biomarkers in HIV.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang SC, Yu EJ, Park JK, Kim TH, Eum JH, Paek SK, Hwang JY, Lyu SW, Kim JY, Lee WS, Yoon TK, Song H, Lee HJ. The Ratio of Mitochondrial DNA to Genomic DNA Copy Number in Cumulus Cell May Serve as a Biomarker of Embryo Quality in IVF Cycles. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2495-2502. [PMID: 33689162 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contents of cumulus cells (CCs) in ovarian follicular fluid are correlated with embryo quality. Quantification of mtDNA CCs has been suggested as a biomarker of embryo viability. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)/genomic DNA (gDNA) ratio in CCs and IVF outcomes such as fertilization rates and embryo quality in infertile women. This is an observational study on 144 cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained from 144 patients undergoing IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at a single fertility center. The CCs in ovarian follicular fluid from patients undergoing IVF-ICSI were collected by ovum pick-up. A relative copy number quantification was used to determine mtDNA/gDNA ratio. Quantitative real-time PCR for various markers (β2M and mtMinArc gene) was used to determine average mtDNA/gDNA ratio of CCs. Investigation of the correlation between mtDNA/gDNA ratio in CCs and IVF outcomes showed no statistically significant correlation between the mtDNA/gDNA ratio in CCs and fertilization rates. However, mtDNA/gDNA ratio and embryo quality showed a statistically significant positive correlation. A significantly higher mtDNA/gDNA ratio was observed in the good quality embryo group compared with the poor quality embryo group (P < 0.05). In addition, the mtDNA/gDNA ratio showed negative correlation with the patient's age (correlation coefficient= -0.228, P < 0.05). Results of this study demonstrate a negative correlation of mtDNA/gDNA ratio in CCs with patient's age, and a low copy number of mtDNA in CCs may have adverse effects on embryo quality in IVF cycles. These results suggest that the ratio of mtDNA/gDNA in CCs may serve as a biomarker in predicting IVF outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chel Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Eum
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Paek
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lyu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ki Yoon
- CHA Fertility Center, Seoul Station, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haengseok Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea.
| | - Hee Jun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mehta AR, Gregory JM, Dando O, Carter RN, Burr K, Nanda J, Story D, McDade K, Smith C, Morton NM, Mahad DJ, Hardingham GE, Chandran S, Selvaraj BT. Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits in C9orf72 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motor neurons cause dysfunctional axonal homeostasis. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:257-279. [PMID: 33398403 PMCID: PMC7847443 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Axonal dysfunction is a common phenotype in neurodegenerative disorders, including in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), where the key pathological cell-type, the motor neuron (MN), has an axon extending up to a metre long. The maintenance of axonal function is a highly energy-demanding process, raising the question of whether MN cellular energetics is perturbed in ALS, and whether its recovery promotes axonal rescue. To address this, we undertook cellular and molecular interrogation of multiple patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines and patient autopsy samples harbouring the most common ALS causing mutation, C9orf72. Using paired mutant and isogenic expansion-corrected controls, we show that C9orf72 MNs have shorter axons, impaired fast axonal transport of mitochondrial cargo, and altered mitochondrial bioenergetic function. RNAseq revealed reduced gene expression of mitochondrially encoded electron transport chain transcripts, with neuropathological analysis of C9orf72-ALS post-mortem tissue importantly confirming selective dysregulation of the mitochondrially encoded transcripts in ventral horn spinal MNs, but not in corresponding dorsal horn sensory neurons, with findings reflected at the protein level. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was unaltered, both in vitro and in human post-mortem tissue. Genetic manipulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in C9orf72 MNs corrected the bioenergetic deficit and also rescued the axonal length and transport phenotypes. Collectively, our data show that loss of mitochondrial function is a key mediator of axonal dysfunction in C9orf72-ALS, and that boosting MN bioenergetics is sufficient to restore axonal homeostasis, opening new potential therapeutic strategies for ALS that target mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan R Mehta
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jenna M Gregory
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Owen Dando
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roderick N Carter
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Burr
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jyoti Nanda
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Story
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karina McDade
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Edinburgh Brain Bank, Academic Department of Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Don J Mahad
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, inStem, Bangalore, India.
| | - Bhuvaneish T Selvaraj
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Anne Rowling Regenerative Neurology Clinic, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Euan MacDonald Centre for MND Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao M, Liu S, Wang C, Wang Y, Wan M, Liu F, Gong M, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y, Liu J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Mitochondrial Damage and Inflammation by Stabilizing Mitochondrial DNA. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1519-1538. [PMID: 33369392 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of injury to numerous tissues and stem cell aging. Although the tissue regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) is well known, their specific role in regulating mitochondrial function in target cells remains elusive. Here, we report that MSC-EVs attenuated mtDNA damage and inflammation after acute kidney injury (AKI) and that this effect was at least partially dependent on the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) pathway. In detail, TFAM and mtDNA were depleted by oxidative stress in MSCs from aged or diabetic donors. Higher levels of TFAM mRNA and mtDNA were detected in normal control (NC) MSC-EVs than in TFAM-knockdown (TFAM-KD) and aged EVs. EV-mediated TFAM mRNA transfer in recipient cells was unaffected by transcriptional inhibition. Accordingly, the application of MSC-EVs restored TFAM protein and TFAM-mtDNA complex (nucleoid) stability, thereby reversing mtDNA deletion and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects in injured renal tubular cells. Loss of TFAM also led to downregulation of multiple anti-inflammatory miRNAs and proteins in MSC-EVs. In vivo, intravenously injected EVs primarily accumulated in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. MSC-EVs attenuated renal lesion formation, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation in mice with AKI, whereas EVs from TFAM-KD or aged MSCs resulted in poor therapeutic outcomes. Moreover, TFAM overexpression (TFAM-OE) improved the rescue effect of MSC-EVs on mitochondrial damage and inflammation to some extent. This study suggests that MSC-EVs are promising nanotherapeutics for diseases characterized by mitochondrial damage, and TFAM signaling is essential for maintaining their regenerative capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Younan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mitochondrial DNA maintenance disorders in 102 patients from different parts of Russia: Mutational spectrum and phenotypes. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:205-212. [PMID: 33486010 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Currently, pathogenic variants in more than 25 nuclear genes, involved in mtDNA maintenance, are associated with human disorders. mtDNA maintenance disorders manifest with a wide range of phenotypes, from severe infantile-onset forms of myocerebrohepatopathy to late-onset forms of myopathies, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and parkinsonism. This study represents the results of molecular genetic analysis and phenotypes of 102 probands with mtDNA maintenance disorders. So far, this is the largest Russian cohort for this group of diseases. Mutations were identified in 10 mtDNA maintenance genes: POLG (n = 59), DGUOK (n = 14), TWNK (n = 14), TK2 (n = 8), MPV17 (n = 2), OPA3 (n = 1), FBXL4 (n = 1), RRM2B (n = 1), SUCLG1 (n = 1) and TYMP (n = 1). We review a mutation spectrum for the DGUOK and TWNK genes, that can be specific for the Russian population. In 34 patients we measured the blood mtDNA copy number and showed its significant reduction. Novel variants were found in 41 cases, which significantly expands the mutational landscape of mtDNA maintenance disorders.
Collapse
|
34
|
Lazo S, Noren Hooten N, Green J, Eitan E, Mode NA, Liu Q, Zonderman AB, Ezike N, Mattson MP, Ghosh P, Evans MK. Mitochondrial DNA in extracellular vesicles declines with age. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13283. [PMID: 33355987 PMCID: PMC7811845 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial free radical theory of aging suggests that accumulating oxidative damage to mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) plays a central role in aging. Circulating cell‐free mtDNA (ccf‐mtDNA) isolated from blood may be a biomarker of disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small (30–400 nm), lipid‐bound vesicles capable of shuttling proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids as part of intercellular communication systems. Here, we report that a portion of ccf‐mtDNA in plasma is encapsulated in EVs. To address whether EV mtDNA levels change with human age, we analyzed mtDNA in EVs from individuals aged 30–64 years cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. EV mtDNA levels decreased with age. Furthermore, the maximal mitochondrial respiration of cultured cells was differentially affected by EVs from old and young donors. Our results suggest that plasma mtDNA is present in EVs, that the level of EV‐derived mtDNA is associated with age, and that EVs affect mitochondrial energetics in an EV age‐dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lazo
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nicole Noren Hooten
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jamal Green
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Erez Eitan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nicolle A. Mode
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Qing‐Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Ngozi Ezike
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neuroscience National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Paritosh Ghosh
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science National Institute on Aging National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhao M, Wang Y, Li L, Liu S, Wang C, Yuan Y, Yang G, Chen Y, Cheng J, Lu Y, Liu J. Mitochondrial ROS promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in ischemic acute kidney injury by disrupting TFAM-mediated mtDNA maintenance. Theranostics 2021; 11:1845-1863. [PMID: 33408785 PMCID: PMC7778599 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced acute kidney injury (IRI-AKI) is characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, but the potential link among these features remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the specific role of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) in initiating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and inflammation during IRI-AKI. Methods: The changes in renal function, mitochondrial function, and inflammation in IRI-AKI mice with or without mtROS inhibition were analyzed in vivo. The impact of mtROS on TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A), Lon protease, mtDNA, mitochondrial respiration, and cytokine release was analyzed in renal tubular cells in vitro. The effects of TFAM knockdown on mtDNA, mitochondrial function, and cytokine release were also analyzed in vitro. Finally, changes in TFAM and mtDNA nucleoids were measured in kidney samples from IRI-AKI mice and patients. Results: Decreasing mtROS levels attenuated renal dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, and inflammation in IRI-AKI mice. Decreasing mtROS levels also reversed the decrease in TFAM levels and mtDNA copy number that occurs in HK2 cells under oxidative stress. mtROS reduced the abundance of mitochondrial TFAM in HK2 cells by suppressing its transcription and promoting Lon-mediated TFAM degradation. Silencing of TFAM abolished the Mito-Tempo (MT)-induced rescue of mitochondrial function and cytokine release in HK2 cells under oxidative stress. Loss of TFAM and mtDNA damage were found in kidneys from IRI-AKI mice and AKI patients. Conclusion: mtROS can promote renal injury by suppressing TFAM-mediated mtDNA maintenance, resulting in decreased mitochondrial energy metabolism and increased cytokine release. TFAM defects may be a promising target for renal repair after IRI-AKI.
Collapse
|
36
|
Cocco MP, White E, Xiao S, Hu D, Mak A, Sleiman P, Yang M, Bobbitt KR, Gui H, Levin AM, Hochstadt S, Whitehouse K, Rynkowski D, Barczak AJ, Abecasis G, Blackwell TW, Kang HM, Nickerson DA, Germer S, Ding J, Lanfear DE, Gilliland F, Gauderman WJ, Kumar R, Erle DJ, Martinez F, Hakonarson H, Burchard EG, Williams LK. Asthma and its relationship to mitochondrial copy number: Results from the Asthma Translational Genomics Collaborative (ATGC) of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242364. [PMID: 33237978 PMCID: PMC7688161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria support critical cellular functions, such as energy production through oxidative phosphorylation, regulation of reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, and calcium homeostasis. Objective Given the heightened level of cellular activity in patients with asthma, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number measured in peripheral blood differed between individuals with and without asthma. Methods Whole genome sequence data was generated as part of the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program on participants from the Study of Asthma Phenotypes and Pharmacogenomic Interactions by Race-ethnicity (SAPPHIRE) and the Study of African Americans, Asthma, Genes, & Environment II (SAGE II). We restricted our analysis to individuals who self-identified as African American (3,651 asthma cases and 1,344 controls). Mitochondrial copy number was estimated using the sequencing read depth ratio for the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Respiratory complex expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing. Results Average mitochondrial copy number was significantly higher among individuals with asthma when compared with controls (SAPPHIRE: 218.60 vs. 200.47, P<0.001; SAGE II: 235.99 vs. 223.07, P<0.001). Asthma status was significantly associated with mitochondrial copy number after accounting for potential explanatory variables, such as participant age, sex, leukocyte counts, and mitochondrial haplogroup. Despite the consistent relationship between asthma status and mitochondrial copy number, the latter was not associated with time-to-exacerbation or patient-reported asthma control. Mitochondrial respiratory complex gene expression was disproportionately lower in individuals with asthma when compared with individuals without asthma and other protein-encoding genes. Conclusions We observed a robust association between asthma and higher mitochondrial copy number. Asthma having an effect on mitochondria function was also supported by lower respiratory complex gene expression in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell P. Cocco
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Evan White
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shujie Xiao
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Donglei Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Angel Mak
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mao Yang
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kevin R. Bobbitt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hongsheng Gui
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Samantha Hochstadt
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kyle Whitehouse
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dean Rynkowski
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Andrea J. Barczak
- Lung Biology Center and UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Gonçalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas W. Blackwell
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Northwest Genomics Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Brotman Baty Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Soren Germer
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jun Ding
- Human Statistical Genetics Unit, Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David E. Lanfear
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Lung Biology Center and UCSF CoLabs, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Martinez
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Esteban G. Burchard
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - L. Keoki Williams
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Safi M, Najib AR. Evaluation of circulating cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA levels in Syrian patients with breast tumor. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:65. [PMID: 33365065 PMCID: PMC7716636 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the roles of circulating cell free nuclear (ccfn) and ccf mitochondrial (ccfmt) DNA as potential noninvasive biomarkers have been demonstrated in numerous different types of disease, including cancer. However, the results remain controversial. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of ccfnDNA and ccfmtDNA levels in the plasma of patients with breast cancer. A total of 84 Syrian female subjects were included in the study, who were divided into 3 groups: i) Malignant disease group (n=33); ii) benign disease group (n=26); and iii) healthy control group (n=25). CcfnDNA and ccfmtDNA were determined using real-time quantitative PCR and the reactions were followed by melting curve analysis. The results indicated no significant differences in the plasma levels of ccfnDNA, ccfmtDNA or the ratio of ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA between the study groups. Of note, a positive correlation was observed between the ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA ratio and age in the control group (P=0.012; r=0.505). In addition, a positive correlation was identified between ccfnDNA levels and the estrogen receptor status (P=0.045; r=0.416), while a negative correlation between ccfmtDNA/ccfnDNA ratio and the progesterone receptor status was obtained (P=0.045; r=-0.448. Aging and the role of hormones in the cells may be responsible for these results. In the future, the present study should be followed up with mutation detection analyses and large-scale studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milda Safi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus 22743, Syria
| | - Abdul Rahman Najib
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Statistics, Damascus University, Damascus 22743, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maremonti E, Brede DA, Olsen AK, Eide DM, Berg ES. Ionizing radiation, genotoxic stress, and mitochondrial DNA copy-number variation in Caenorhabditis elegans: droplet digital PCR analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
39
|
O'Sullivan JDB, Nicu C, Picard M, Chéret J, Bedogni B, Tobin DJ, Paus R. The biology of human hair greying. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:107-128. [PMID: 32965076 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair greying (canities) is one of the earliest, most visible ageing-associated phenomena, whose modulation by genetic, psychoemotional, oxidative, senescence-associated, metabolic and nutritional factors has long attracted skin biologists, dermatologists, and industry. Greying is of profound psychological and commercial relevance in increasingly ageing populations. In addition, the onset and perpetuation of defective melanin production in the human anagen hair follicle pigmentary unit (HFPU) provides a superb model for interrogating the molecular mechanisms of ageing in a complex human mini-organ, and greying-associated defects in bulge melanocyte stem cells (MSCs) represent an intriguing system of neural crest-derived stem cell senescence. Here, we emphasize that human greying invariably begins with the gradual decline in melanogenesis, including reduced tyrosinase activity, defective melanosome transfer and apoptosis of HFPU melanocytes, and is thus a primary event of the anagen hair bulb, not the bulge. Eventually, the bulge MSC pool becomes depleted as well, at which stage greying becomes largely irreversible. There is still no universally accepted model of human hair greying, and the extent of genetic contributions to greying remains unclear. However, oxidative damage likely is a crucial driver of greying via its disruption of HFPU melanocyte survival, MSC maintenance, and of the enzymatic apparatus of melanogenesis itself. While neuroendocrine factors [e.g. alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), ß-endorphin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)], and micropthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) are well-known regulators of human hair follicle melanocytes and melanogenesis, how exactly these and other factors [e.g. thyroid hormones, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), P-cadherin, peripheral clock activity] modulate greying requires more detailed study. Other important open questions include how HFPU melanocytes age intrinsically, how psychoemotional stress impacts this process, and how current insights into the gerontobiology of the human HFPU can best be translated into retardation or reversal of greying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D B O'Sullivan
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Carina Nicu
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Martin Picard
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th Street, PH1540N, New York, 10032, U.S.A
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Bedogni
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Desmond J Tobin
- Charles Institute of Dermatology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Philip Frost Department for Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Skin & Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, D-48149, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rosa HS, Ajaz S, Gnudi L, Malik AN. A case for measuring both cellular and cell-free mitochondrial DNA as a disease biomarker in human blood. FASEB J 2020; 34:12278-12288. [PMID: 32729179 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000959rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), widely studied as a disease biomarker, comprises of mtDNA located within mitochondria, indicative of mitochondrial function, and cell-free (cf) mtDNA linked to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the ranges of, and relationship between, cellular and cf mtDNA in human blood. Whole blood from 23 controls (HC) and 20 patients with diabetes was separated into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), plasma, and serum. Total DNA was isolated and mtDNA copy numbers were determined using absolute quantification. Cellular mtDNA content in PBMCs was higher than in peripheral blood and a surprisingly high level of cf mtDNA was present in serum and plasma of HC, with no direct relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content within individuals. Diabetes patients had similar levels of cellular mtDNA compared to healthy participants but a significantly higher cf mtDNA content. Furthermore, only in patients with diabetes, we observed a correlation between whole blood and plasma mtDNA levels, indicating that the relationship between cellular and cf mtDNA content is affected by disease status. In conclusion, when evaluating mtDNA in human blood as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, it is important to measure both cellular and cf mtDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saima Ajaz
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luigi Gnudi
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Toh YL, Wong E, Chae JW, Yap NY, Yeo AHL, Shwe M, Chan A. Association of mitochondrial DNA content and displacement loop region sequence variations with cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors receiving chemotherapy. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:65-71. [PMID: 32717446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is characterized by a lack of energy, and mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to contribute to its etiology. This prospective cohort study assesses the self-reported fatigue levels of early-stage breast cancer patients using the validated Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) and blood samples drawn at three time points: before treatment, approximately 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate mitochondrial measures with CRF, over the course of chemotherapy using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA content) and displacement loop (D-loop) region sequence variations at nucleotide positions 303, 489 and 514. The relative mtDNA copy number was determined via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between study time points and D-loop sequence variants. The association of mtDNA content with MFSI-SF total and sub-domain scores was analyzed in a sample of 155 patients (mean age ± SD: 51.7 ± 8.8 years). The median mtDNA content decreased over 12 weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Baseline mtDNA content was lower for nucleotide position 303 in sequence variations than for the reference sequence (67.2 copies vs 79.1 copies, p = 0.03). Physical fatigue negatively correlated with mtDNA content in both unadjusted (β = -0.0075, p = 0.048) and adjusted models (β = -0.0062, p = 0.042), accounting for age, anxiety, insomnia, haemoglobin levels and body mass index. Our findings add to the literature indicating that mitochondrial function serves as an important target for mitigating CRF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Long Toh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elgenia Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung-Woo Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - Ning Yi Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Maung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, University of California Irvine, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Carpagnano GE, Scioscia G, Lacedonia D, Soccio P, Quarato CMI, Cotugno G, Palumbo MG, Foschino Barbaro MP. Searching for Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Capable of Clustering Severe Asthma. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 57:338-344. [PMID: 32593535 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma inflammation may feature an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses. Oxidative stress induces propagation of airways inflammation and corticosteroid insensitivity contributing to poor asthma control, and frequent severe acute exacerbations. This study assessed inflammation and oxidative stress in severe asthmatic subjects and evaluated the possible correlations between inflammatory and oxidative stress markers investigated and asthma severity. MATERIAL AND METHOD Fifty-three patients with severe asthma, 11 patients with mild-moderate asthma and 12 healthy subjects were enrolled and underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) analysis and blood and sputum count cell collection. The content of mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) was measured in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) by Real Time PCR and the ratio between MtDNA/nDNA was calculated. We detected MtDNA/nDNA in the EBC of severe asthmatics. RESULTS We found higher exhaled MtDNA/nDNA in severe asthmatics respectively compared to mild-moderate ones and to healthy controls (10.4±2.2 vs 7.9±2.5, p<0.05 and 10.4±2.2 vs 6.51±0.21, p<0.05). The level of exhaled MtDNA/nDNA was significantly higher in Non-T2 endotype severe asthmatics than T2 (14.07±10. 8 vs 6.5±5.5, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Oxidative stress marker (MtDNA/nDNA) is increased significantly with asthma severity and may be useful for endotyping severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna E Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy.
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Piera Soccio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Carla M I Quarato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Grazia Cotugno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria G Palumbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria P Foschino Barbaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, Policlinico "OO Riuniti", Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ali Z, Waseem S, Anis RA, Anees M. Assessment of cell free mitochondrial DNA as a biomarker of disease severity in different viral infections. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:860-866. [PMID: 32704253 PMCID: PMC7372646 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Cell Free mitochondrial DNA (CF mt-DNA) has emerged as a novel biomarker to investigate disease pathophysiology of different infections. The present study was designed to elucidate the association between CF mt-DNA, IL-6 and viral load in HIV, HBV and HCV infections and predict its role as a potential biomarker to assess the disease severity in viral infections. Methods: Total 120 blood samples were collected from January 2018 to December 2018 of HIV, HBV and HCV patients and healthy controls (30 samples in each group). DNA and RNA were extracted from the serum to determine the levels of CF mt-DNA and viral load, respectively. IL-6 from the serum of infected individuals was quantified with ELISA. Results: HCV patients showed the highest levels of CF mt-DNA, IL-6 and viral load, followed by HBV and HIV. Significant correlation was found between CF mt-DNA and IL-6 among the HBV patients (p=0.017). However, no significant correlation of CF mt-DNA was observed with IL-6 in HIV and HCV or with the viral load in any of the three infections. Conclusion: Elevated CF mt-DNA indicates its role in severity of viral infections. Independence of CF mt-DNA expression from viral load and IL-6 in case of HIV and HCV suggests involvement of other inflammatory pathways regulating CF mt-DNA elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Zain Ali, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Shahid Waseem, Ph.D. Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Aysha Anis
- Riffat Aysha Anis, Ph.D. Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- Mariam Anees, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liu H, He Z, Germič N, Ademi H, Frangež Ž, Felser A, Peng S, Riether C, Djonov V, Nuoffer JM, Bovet C, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Zlobec I, Fiedler M, Perren A, Simon HU. ATG12 deficiency leads to tumor cell oncosis owing to diminished mitochondrial biogenesis and reduced cellular bioenergetics. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:1965-1980. [PMID: 31844253 PMCID: PMC7244572 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the "Warburg effect" or aerobic glycolysis earlier generalized as a phenomenon in cancer cells, more and more recent evidence indicates that functional mitochondria are pivotal for ensuring the energy supply of cancer cells. Here, we report that cancer cells with reduced autophagy-related protein 12 (ATG12) expression undergo an oncotic cell death, a phenotype distinct from that seen in ATG5-deficient cells described before. In addition, using untargeted metabolomics with ATG12-deficient cancer cells, we observed a global reduction in cellular bioenergetic pathways, such as β-oxidation (FAO), glycolysis, and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, as well as a decrease in mitochondrial respiration as monitored with Seahorse experiments. Analyzing the biogenesis of mitochondria by quantifying mitochondrial DNA content together with several mitochondrion-localizing proteins indicated a reduction in mitochondrial biogenesis in ATG12-deficient cancer cells, which also showed reduced hexokinase II expression and the upregulation of uncoupling protein 2. ATG12, which we observed in normal cells to be partially localized in mitochondria, is upregulated in multiple types of solid tumors in comparison with normal tissues. Strikingly, mouse xenografts of ATG12-deficient cells grew significantly slower as compared with vector control cells. Collectively, our work has revealed a previously unreported role for ATG12 in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and cellular energy metabolism and points up an essential role for mitochondria as a failsafe mechanism in the growth and survival of glycolysis-dependent cancer cells. Inducing oncosis by imposing an ATG12 deficiency in solid tumors might represent an anticancer therapy preferable to conventional caspase-dependent apoptosis that often leads to undesirable consequences, such as incomplete cancer cell killing and a silencing of the host immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Zhaoyue He
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Germič
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hyrijie Ademi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Živa Frangež
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Felser
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shuang Peng
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Nuoffer
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Bovet
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Inti Zlobec
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fiedler
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Increase of mtDNA number and its mutant copies in rat brain after exposure to 150 MeV protons. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4815-4820. [PMID: 32388700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proton beam therapy is widely used for treating brain tumor. Despite the efficacy of treatment, the use of this therapy has met some limitations associated with possible damage to normal brain tissues located beyond the tumor site. In this context, the exploration of the harmful effects of protons on the normal brain tissues is of particular interest. We have investigated changes in the total mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number and identified mtDNA mutant copies in three brain regions (the hippocampus, cortex and cerebellum) of rats after irradiation their whole-head with 150 MeV protons at doses of 3 and 5 Gy. The study was performed in 2-months old male Spraque Dawley rats (n = 5 each group). The mtDNA copy numbers were determined by real-time PCR. The level of mtDNA heteroplasmy was estimated using Surveyor nuclease technology. Our results show that after head exposure to protons, levels of mtDNA copy number in three rat brain regions increase significantly as the levels of mtDNA mutant copies increase. The most significant elevation is observed in the hippocampus. In conclusion, an increase in mtDNA mutant copies may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction accompanied by increased oxidative stress in different brain regions and promote the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the induction of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Çağdaş D, Sürücü N, Tan Ç, Kayaoğlu B, Özgül RK, Akkaya-Ulum YZ, Aydınoğlu AT, Aytaç S, Gümrük F, Balci-Hayta B, Balci-Peynircioğlu B, Özen S, Gürsel M, Tezcan İ. Autoinflammation in addition to combined immunodeficiency: SLC29A3 gene defect. Mol Immunol 2020; 121:28-37. [PMID: 32151906 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION H Syndrome is an autosomal recessive (AR) disease caused by defects in SLCA29A3 gene. This gene encodes the equilibrative nucleoside transporter, the protein which is highly expressed in spleen, lymph node and bone marrow. Autoinflammation and autoimmunity accompanies H Syndrome (HS). AIM The aim was to further elucidate the mechanisms of disease by molecular studies in a patient with SLC29A3 gene defect. PATIENT AND METHODS Mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal integrity, cytokine response in response to stimulation with different pattern recognition receptor ligands, and circulating cell-free mitochondrial-DNA(ccf-mtDNA) level in plasma were analyzed compared to controls to understand the cellular triggers of autoinflammation. RNA sequencing (RS) analyses were also performed in monocytes before/after culture with lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS Patient had progressive destructive arthropathy in addition to clinical findings due to combined immunodeficiency. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), vitiligo, diabetes, multiple autoantibody positivity, lymphopenia, increased acute phase reactants were present. Recent thymic emigrants (RTE), naïve T cells were decreased, effector memory CD4 + T cells, nonclassical inflammatory monocytes were increased. Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells secreted more IL-1β and IL-6, showed lysosomal disruption and significant mitochondrial dysfunction compared to healthy controls. Plasma ccf-mtDNA level was significantly elevated compared to age-matched controls (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing studies revealed decreased expression of NLR Family Caspase Recrument-Domain Containing 4(NLRC4), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 4(PFKFB4), serine dehydratase(SDS), heparan sulfate(Glucosamine) 3-O-sulfotransferase 1(HS3ST1), neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patient's monocytes compared to controls. Longstanding PRCA, which is possibly autoimmune, resolved after initiating monthly intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and low dose steroids to the patient. CONCLUSION Although autoinflammation and autoimmunity are reported in HS, by functional analyses we here show in the present patient that over-active inflammasome pathway in HS might be related with mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction. Increased plasma ccf-mtDNA may be used as a biomarker of inflammasomopathy in HS. HS should be included in the classification of primary immunodeficiency diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Çağdaş
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Naz Sürücü
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağman Tan
- Institute of Child Health, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Kayaoğlu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Department of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Z Akkaya-Ulum
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tülay Aydınoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selin Aytaç
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gümrük
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Balci-Hayta
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Seza Özen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mayda Gürsel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlhan Tezcan
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Solanki A, Rajendran A, Mohan S, Raj R, Vundinti BR. Mitochondrial DNA variations and mitochondrial dysfunction in Fanconi anemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227603. [PMID: 31940411 PMCID: PMC6961948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-vitro studies with different Fanconi anemia (FA) cell lines and FANC gene silenced cell lines indicating involvement of mitochondria function in pathogenesis of FA have been reported. However, in-vivo studies have not been studied so far to understand the role of mitochondrial markers in pathogenesis of FA. We have carried out a systematic set of biomarker studies for elucidating involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in disease pathogenesis for Indian FA patients. We report changes in the mtDNA number in 59% of FA patients studied, a high frequency of mtDNA variations (37.5% of non-synonymous variations and 62.5% synonymous variations) and downregulation of mtDNA complex-I and complex-III encoding genes of OXPHOS (p<0.05) as strong biomarkers for impairment of mitochondrial functions in FA. Deregulation of expression of mitophagy genes (ATG; p>0.05, Beclin-1; p>0.05, and MAP1-LC3, p<0.05) has also been observed, suggesting inability of FA cells to clear off impaired mitochondria. We hypothesize that accumulation of such impaired mitochondria in FA cells therefore may be the principal cause for bone marrow failure (BMF) and a plausible effect of inefficient clearance of impaired mitochondria in FA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avani Solanki
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Rajendran
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheila Mohan
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Revathy Raj
- Pediatric Haematology Department, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Babu Rao Vundinti
- Department of Cytogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, K.E.M. Hospital Campus, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ota A, Ishihara T, Ishihara N. Mitochondrial nucleoid morphology and respiratory function are altered in Drp1-deficient HeLa cells. J Biochem 2019; 167:287-294. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that frequently divide and fuse with each other. The dynamin-related GTPase protein Drp1 has a key role in mitochondrial fission. To analyse the physiological roles of Drp1 in cultured human cells, we analysed Drp1-deficient HeLa cells established by genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Under fluorescent microscopy, not only mitochondria were elongated but their DNA (mtDNA) nucleoids were extremely enlarged in bulb-like mitochondrial structures (‘mito-bulbs’) in the Drp1-deficient HeLa cells. We further found that respiratory activity, as measured by oxygen consumption rates, was severely repressed in Drp1-deficient HeLa cells and that this was reversible by the co-repression of mitochondrial fusion factors. Although mtDNA copy number was not affected, several respiratory subunits were repressed in Drp1-deficient HeLa cells. These results suggest that mitochondrial fission is required for the maintenance of active respiratory activity and the morphology of mtDNA nucleoids in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Ota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-machi, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takaya Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-machi, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naotada Ishihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-machi, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Department of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li Z, Fu J, Li Z, Tang Y, Hua Q, Liu L, Zhao J. Air pollution and placental mitochondrial DNA copy number: Mechanistic insights and epidemiological challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113266. [PMID: 31557557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis and embryo implantation, the copy number of mtDNA is elaborately regulated to meet the cellular demand for division, growth and differentiation. With large numbers of mitochondria for energy production, placental cells possess strong endocrine functionalities and capacities for efficient signaling communication. Recently, several environmental epidemiological studies have shown an association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, adverse birth outcomes and maternal exposure to air pollution, which has shed light on the possible effect of pollutants on placental molecular events. Because the mtDNA replication is thought to be a direct drive of mtDNA change, we tried to highlight the essential factors involved in the process of mtDNA replication. Then we traced the mtDNA change in the formation of placenta during embryogenesis, and evaluated the importance of mitochondrial genome maintenance during gestation. The possible mechanism from the epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed and summarized, and recommendations were proposed for future studies to improve the precision of the estimated difference. The issue will be well-understood if the integrated profiles, such as familial genetic tendency, maternal genetic information, identification of mitochondrial DNA copy number in each placental cell type, and total personal exposure assessment, are considered in the future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hua
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Liu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Müller G, Lübow C, Weindl G. Lysosomotropic beta blockers induce oxidative stress and IL23A production in Langerhans cells. Autophagy 2019; 16:1380-1395. [PMID: 31668121 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1686728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and Th17 cytokines are important mediators of inflammation. Treatment with beta-adrenoceptor (ADRB) antagonists (beta-blockers) is associated with induction or aggravation of psoriasis-like skin inflammation, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we identify lysosomotropic beta-blockers as critical inducers of IL23A in human monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cells under sterile-inflammatory conditions. Cytokine release was not mediated by cAMP, suggesting the involvement of ADRB-independent pathways. NFKB/NF-κB and MAPK14/p38 activation was required for propranolol-induced IL23A secretion whereas the NLRP3 inflammasome was dispensable. MAPK14 regulated recruitment of RELB to IL23A promoter regions. Without affecting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, propranolol increased lysosomal pH and induced a late-stage block in macroautophagy/autophagy. Propranolol specifically induced reactive oxygen species production, which was critical for IL23A secretion, in Langerhans-like cells. Our findings provide insight into a potentially crucial immunoregulatory mechanism in cutaneous dendritic cells that may explain how lysosomotropic drugs regulate inflammatory responses. ABBREVIATIONS ATF: activating transcription factor; DC: dendritic cell; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; gDNA: genomic DNA; IL: interleukin; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC: Langerhans cell; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MoDC: monocyte-derived DC; MoLC: monocyte-derived Langerhans-like cell; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; NLRP3: NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PI: propidium iodide; PYCARD/ASC: PYD and CARD domain containing; qRT-PCR: quantitative real-time PCR; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor 6; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; Ub: ubiquitin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Müller
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Lübow
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany.,Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Bonn, Germany
| | - Günther Weindl
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin, Germany.,Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|