1
|
Marchini T. Redox and inflammatory mechanisms linking air pollution particulate matter with cardiometabolic derangements. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:320-341. [PMID: 37852544 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the largest environmental risk factor for disease and premature death. Among the different components that are present in polluted air, fine particulate matter below 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been identified as the main hazardous constituent. PM2.5 mainly arises from fossil fuel combustion during power generation, industrial processes, and transportation. Exposure to PM2.5 correlates with enhanced mortality risk from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Over the last decade, it has been increasingly suggested that PM2.5 affects CVD already at the stage of risk factor development. Among the multiple biological mechanisms that have been described, the interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation has been consistently highlighted as one of the main drivers of pulmonary, systemic, and cardiovascular effects of PM2.5 exposure. In this context, PM2.5 uptake by tissue-resident immune cells in the lung promotes oxidative and inflammatory mediators release that alter tissue homeostasis at remote locations. This pathway is central for PM2.5 pathogenesis and might account for the accelerated development of risk factors for CVD, including obesity and diabetes. However, transmission and end-organ mechanisms that explain PM2.5-induced impaired function in metabolic active organs are not completely understood. In this review, the main features of PM2.5 physicochemical characteristics related to PM2.5 ability to induce oxidative stress and inflammation will be presented. Hallmark and recent epidemiological and interventional studies will be summarized and discussed in the context of current air quality guidelines and legislation, knowledge gaps, and inequities. Lastly, mechanistic studies at the intersection between redox metabolism, inflammation, and function will be discussed, with focus on heart and adipose tissue alterations. By offering an integrated analysis of PM2.5-induced effects on cardiometabolic derangements, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and potential interventions of air pollution-related CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Vascular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular Prof. Alberto Boveris (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marchini T, Magnani N, Garces M, Kelly J, Paz M, Caceres L, Calabro V, Lasagni Vitar R, Caltana L, Contin M, Reynoso S, Lago N, Vico T, Vanasco V, Wolf D, Tripodi V, Gonzalez Maglio D, Alvarez S, Buchholz B, Berra A, Gelpi R, Evelson P. Chronic exposure to polluted urban air aggravates myocardial infarction by impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118677. [PMID: 34906594 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure positively correlates with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to myocardial infarction (MI). Herein, we aimed to study the metabolic mechanisms underlying this association, focusing on the evaluation of cardiac mitochondrial function and dynamics, together with its impact over MI progression. An initial time course study was performed in BALB/c mice breathing filtered air (FA) or urban air (UA) in whole-body exposure chambers located in Buenos Aires City downtown for up to 16 weeks (n = 8 per group and time point). After 12 weeks, lung inflammatory cell recruitment was evident in UA-exposed mice. Interestingly, impaired redox metabolism, characterized by decreased lung SOD activity and increased GSSG levels and NOX activity, precede local inflammation in this group. At this selected time point, additional mice were exposed to FA or UA (n = 12 per group) and alveolar macrophage PM uptake and nitric oxide (NO) production was observed in UA-exposed mice, together with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-6) in BAL and plasma. Consequently, impaired heart tissue oxygen metabolism and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure and function were observed in UA-exposed mice after 12 weeks, characterized by decreased active state respiration and ATP production rates, and enhanced mitochondrial H2O2 production. Moreover, disturbed cardiac mitochondrial dynamics was detected in this group. This scenario led to a significant increase in the area of infarcted tissue following myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in vivo, from 43 ± 3% of the area at risk in mice breathing FA to 66 ± 4% in UA-exposed mice (n = 6 per group, p < 0.01), together with a sustained increase in LVEDP during myocardial reperfusion. Taken together, our data unravel cardiac mitochondrial mechanisms that contribute to the understanding of the adverse health effects of urban air pollution exposure, and ultimately highlight the importance of considering environmental factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garces
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Jazmin Kelly
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Mariela Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Caceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Romina Lasagni Vitar
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN), Buenos Aires, C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Mario Contin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Sofia Reynoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Nestor Lago
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Tamara Vico
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Dennis Wolf
- University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen, Cardiology and Angiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Daniel Gonzalez Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Bruno Buchholz
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Gelpi
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garcés M, Marchini T, Cáceres L, Calabró V, Mebert AM, Tuttolomondo MV, Vico T, Vanasco V, Tesan F, Salgueiro J, Zubillaga M, Desimone MF, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, Magnani ND, Evelson PA. Oxidative metabolism in the cardiorespiratory system after an acute exposure to nickel-doped nanoparticles in mice. Toxicology 2021; 464:153020. [PMID: 34740673 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing concern over the harmful effects that metallic nanoparticles (NP) may produce on human health. Due to their redox properties, nickel (Ni) and Ni-containing NP are particularly relevant. Hence, the aim of this study was to establish the toxicological mechanisms in the cardiorespiratory oxidative metabolism initiated by an acute exposure to Ni-doped-NP. Mice were intranasally instilled with silica NP containing Ni (II) (Ni-NP) (1 mg Ni (II)/kg body weight) or empty NP as control, and 1 h after exposure lung, plasma, and heart samples were obtained to assess the redox metabolism. Results showed that, NP were mainly retained in the lungs triggering a significantly increased tissue O2 consumption rate, leading to Ni-NP-increased reactive oxygen species production by NOX activity, and mitochondrial H2O2 production rate. In addition, an oxidant redox status due to an altered antioxidant system showed by lung GSH/GSSG ratio decreased, and SOD activity increased, resulting in an increased phospholipid oxidation. Activation of circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes, along with GSH/GSSG ratio decreased, and phospholipid oxidation were found in the Ni-NP-group plasma samples. Consequently, in distant organs such as heart, Ni-NP inhalation alters the tissue redox status. Our results showed that the O2 metabolism analysis is a critical area of study following Ni-NP inhalation. Therefore, this work provides novel data linking the redox metabolisms alterations elicited by exposure to Ni (II) adsorbed to NP and cardiorespiratory toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Andrea M Mebert
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - María Victoria Tuttolomondo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Tamara Vico
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina.
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina.
| | - Fiorella Tesan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Argentina.
| | - Jimena Salgueiro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Zubillaga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Fisicomatemática, Cátedra de Física, Argentina.
| | - Martín F Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, United States; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina.
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| | - Pablo A Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Metabolic Response of RAW 264.7 Macrophages to Exposure to Crude Particulate Matter and a Reduced Content of Organic Matter. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090205. [PMID: 34564356 PMCID: PMC8472964 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution from various airborne particulate matter (PM) is regarded as a potential health risk. Airborne PM penetrates the lungs, where it is taken up by macrophages, what results in macrophage activation and can potentially lead to negative consequences for the organism. In the present study, we assessed the effects of direct exposure of RAW 264.7 macrophages to crude PM (NIST1648a) and to a reduced content of organic matter (LAp120) for up to 72 h on selected parameters of metabolic activity. These included cell viability and apoptosis, metabolic activity and cell number, ROS synthesis, nitric oxide (NO) release, and oxidative burst. The results indicated that both NIST1648a and LAp120 negatively influenced the parameters of cell viability and metabolic activity due to increased ROS synthesis. The negative effect of PM was concentration-dependent; i.e., it was the most pronounced for the highest concentration applied. The impact of PM also depended on the time of exposure, so at respective time points, PM induced different effects. There were also differences in the impact of NIST1648a and LAp120 on almost all parameters tested. The negative effect of LAp120 was more pronounced, what appeared to be associated with an increased content of metals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Calabró V, Garcés M, Cáceres L, Magnani ND, Marchini T, Freire A, Vico T, Martinefski M, Vanasco V, Tripodi V, Berra A, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Urban air pollution induces alterations in redox metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice brain cortex. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108875. [PMID: 33891961 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports indicate that the central nervous system (CNS) is a target of air pollution, causing tissue damage and functional alterations. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been pointed out as possible mechanisms mediating these effects. The aim of this work was to study the chronic effects of urban air pollution on mice brain cortex, focusing on oxidative stress markers, and mitochondrial function. Male 8-week-old BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA, control) or urban air (UA) inside whole-body exposure chambers, located in a highly polluted area of Buenos Aires city, for up to 4 weeks. Glutathione levels, assessed as GSH/GSSG ratio, were decreased after 1 and 2 weeks of exposure to UA (45% and 25% respectively vs. FA; p < 0.05). A 38% increase in lipid peroxidation was found after 1 week of UA exposure (p < 0.05). Regarding protein oxidation, carbonyl content was significantly increased at week 2 in UA-exposed mice, compared to FA-group, and an even higher increment was found after 4 weeks of exposure (week 2: 40% p < 0.05, week 4: 54% p < 0.001). NADPH oxidase (NOX) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were augmented at all the studied time points, while superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD cytosolic isoform) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were increased only after 4 weeks of UA exposure (p < 0.05). The increased NOX activity was accompanied with higher expression levels of NOX2 regulatory subunit p47phox, and NOX4 (p < 0.05). Also, UA mice showed impaired mitochondrial function due to a 50% reduction in O2 consumption in active state respiration (p < 0.05), a 29% decrease in mitochondrial inner membrane potential (p < 0.05), a 65% decrease in ATP production rate (p < 0.01) and a 30% increase in H2O2 production (p < 0.01). Moreover, respiratory complexes I-III and II-III activities were decreased in UA group (30% and 36% respectively vs. FA; p < 0.05). UA exposed mice showed alterations in mitochondrial function, increased oxidant production evidenced by NOX activation, macromolecules damage and the onset of the enzymatic antioxidant system. These data indicate that oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function may play a key role in CNS damage mechanisms triggered by air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Agustina Freire
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Tamara Vico
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Berra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Centro de Patología Experimental y Aplicada, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cáceres L, Paz ML, Garcés M, Calabró V, Magnani ND, Martinefski M, Martino Adami PV, Caltana L, Tasat D, Morelli L, Tripodi V, Valacchi G, Alvarez S, González Maglio D, Marchini T, Evelson P. NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111186. [PMID: 32853868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient air particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. In this context, alveolar macrophages exhibit proinflammatory and oxidative responses as a result of the clearance of particles, thus contributing to lung injury. However, the mechanisms linking these pathways are not completely clarified. Therefore, the oxinflammation phenomenon was studied in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA), a PM surrogate rich in transition metals. While cell viability was not compromised under the experimental conditions, a proinflammatory phenotype was observed in cells incubated with ROFA 100 μg/mL, characterized by increased levels of TNF-α and NO production, together with PM uptake. This inflammatory response seems to precede alterations in redox metabolism, characterized by augmented levels of H2O2, diminished GSH/GSSG ratio, and increased SOD activity. This scenario resulted in increased oxidative damage to phospholipids. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial respiration were observed following ROFA incubation, such as diminished coupling efficiency and spare respiratory capacity, together with augmented proton leak. These findings were accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. These results indicate that PM exposure induces direct activation of macrophages, leading to inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species production through NOX and mitochondria, which impairs antioxidant defense and may cause mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Cáceres
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Natalia D Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Manuela Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Pamela V Martino Adami
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura Caltana
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia Prof. E. De Robertis (IBCN), Facultad de Medicina, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Centro de Estudios en Salud y Medio Ambiente, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration, Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Valeria Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Cátedra de Tecnología Farmacéutica I, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- NC State University, Plants for Human Health Institute, Animal Science Department, USA; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Argentina
| | - Daniel González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Inmunología, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Valacchi G, Magnani N, Woodby B, Ferreira SM, Evelson P. Particulate Matter Induces Tissue OxInflammation: From Mechanism to Damage. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:308-326. [PMID: 32443938 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress and oxidative damage are central hypothetical mechanisms for the adverse effects of airborne particulate matter (PM). Activation of inflammatory cells capable of generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is another proposed damage pathway. Understanding the interplay between these responses can help us understand the adverse health effects attributed to breathing polluted air. Recent Advances: The consequences of PM exposure on different organs are oxidative damage, decreased function, and inflammation, which can lead to the development/exacerbation of proinflammatory disorders. Mitochondrial damage is also an important event in PM-induced cytotoxicity. Critical Issues: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated during phagocytosis of the particles, leading to enhancement of oxidative stress and triggering the inflammatory response. The activation of inflammatory signaling pathways results in the release of cytokines and other mediators, which can further induce ROS production by activating endogenous enzymes, leading to a positive feedback loop, which can aggravate the effects triggered by PM exposure. Future Directions: Further research is required to elucidate the exact mechanisms by which PM exposure results in adverse health effects, in terms of the relationship between the redox responses triggered by the presence of the particles and the inflammation observed in the different organs, so the development/exacerbation of PM-associated health problems can be prevented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Department of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sandra María Ferreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marchini T, Zirlik A, Wolf D. Pathogenic Role of Air Pollution Particulate Matter in Cardiometabolic Disease: Evidence from Mice and Humans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:263-279. [PMID: 32403947 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Air pollution is a considerable global threat to human health that dramatically increases the risk for cardiovascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. An estimated 4.2 million cases of premature deaths worldwide are attributable to outdoor air pollution. Among multiple other components, airborne particulate matter (PM) has been identified as the major bioactive constituent in polluted air. While PM-related illness was historically thought to be confined to diseases of the respiratory system, overwhelming clinical and experimental data have now established that acute and chronic exposure to PM causes a systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress response that promotes cardiovascular disease. Recent Advances: A large body of evidence has identified an impairment of redox metabolism and the generation of oxidatively modified lipids and proteins in the lung as initial tissue response to PM. In addition, the pathogenicity of PM is mediated by an inflammatory response that involves PM uptake by tissue-resident immune cells, the activation of proinflammatory pathways in various cell types and organs, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines as locally produced tissue response signals that have the ability to affect organ function in a remote manner. Critical Issues: In the present review, we summarize and discuss the functional participation of PM in cardiovascular pathologies and its risk factors with an emphasis on how oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity interact and synergize as a response to PM. Future Directions: The impact of PM constituents, doses, and novel anti-inflammatory therapies against PM-related illness is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Graz, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magnani ND, Marchini T, Calabró V, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Role of Mitochondria in the Redox Signaling Network and Its Outcomes in High Impact Inflammatory Syndromes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568305. [PMID: 33071976 PMCID: PMC7538663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the release of soluble mediators that drive cellular activation and migration of inflammatory leukocytes to the site of injury, together with endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability. It is a stepwise tightly regulated process that has been evolved to cope with a wide range of different inflammatory stimuli. However, under certain physiopathological conditions, the inflammatory response overwhelms local regulatory mechanisms and leads to systemic inflammation that, in turn, might affect metabolism in distant tissues and organs. In this sense, as mitochondria are able to perceive signals of inflammation is one of the first organelles to be affected by a dysregulation in the systemic inflammatory response, it has been associated with the progression of the physiopathological mechanisms. Mitochondria are also an important source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) within most mammalian cells and are therefore highly involved in oxidative stress. ROS production might contribute to mitochondrial damage in a range of pathologies and is also important in a complex redox signaling network from the organelle to the rest of the cell. Therefore, a role for ROS generated by mitochondria in regulating inflammatory signaling was postulated and mitochondria have been implicated in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response. An inflammatory condition that affects mitochondrial function in different organs is the exposure to air particulate matter (PM). Both after acute and chronic pollutants exposure, PM uptake by alveolar macrophages have been described to induce local cell activation and recruitment, cytokine release, and pulmonary inflammation. Afterwards, inflammatory mediators have been shown to be able to reach the bloodstream and induce a systemic response that affects metabolism in distant organs different from the lung. In this proinflammatory environment, impaired mitochondrial function that leads to bioenergetic dysfunction and enhanced production of oxidants have been shown to affect tissue homeostasis and organ function. In the present review, we aim to discuss the latest insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link systemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in different organs, taking the exposure to air pollutants as a case model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D. Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Pablo Evelson
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silveira CG, Di Domenico M, Hilário Nascimento Saldiva P, Ramos Rhoden C. Subchronic air pollution exposure increases highly palatable food intake, modulates caloric efficiency and induces lipoperoxidation. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:370-380. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1530317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gamalho da Silveira
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
de Oliveira AAF, de Oliveira TF, Dias MF, Medeiros MHG, Di Mascio P, Veras M, Lemos M, Marcourakis T, Saldiva PHN, Loureiro APM. Genotoxic and epigenotoxic effects in mice exposed to concentrated ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from São Paulo city, Brazil. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:40. [PMID: 30340610 PMCID: PMC6194750 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-018-0276-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants, and positive correlations between exposure and the risk of diseases and mortality have been observed. Here we assessed the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on genotoxic and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of AJ mice exposed whole body to ambient air enriched in PM2.5, which was concentrated in a chamber near an avenue of intense traffic in São Paulo City, Brazil. RESULTS Mice exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (1 h daily, 3 months) were compared to in situ ambient air exposed mice as the study control. The concentrated PM2.5 exposed group presented increased levels of the oxidized nucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine in lung and kidney DNA and increased levels of the etheno adducts 1,N6-etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and 1,N2-etheno-2'-deoxyguanosine in kidney and liver DNA, respectively. Apart from the genotoxic effects, the exposure to PM2.5 led to decreased levels of the epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) in lung and liver DNA. Changes in lung, liver, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities were also observed. Decreased glutathione reductase and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in the lungs, while the liver presented increased glutathione S-transferase and decreased SOD activities. An increase in SOD activity was also observed in erythrocytes. These changes are consistent with the induction of local and systemic oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Mice exposed daily to PM2.5 at a concentration that mimics 24-h exposure to the mean concentration found in ambient air presented, after 3 months, increased levels of DNA lesions related to the occurrence of oxidative stress in the lungs, liver, and kidney, in parallel to decreased global levels of 5-hmC in lung and liver DNA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations induced by pollutants may affect the genes committed to cell cycle control, apoptosis, and cell differentiation, increasing the chance of cancer development, which merits further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Anax Falcão de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Tiago Franco de Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
- Present address: Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul CEP 90050-170 Brazil
| | - Michelle Francini Dias
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Marisa Helena Gennari Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Mariana Veras
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Miriam Lemos
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
| | - Tania Marcourakis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental – LIM05, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, São Paulo, CEP 01246903 Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Avançados, Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Anfiteatro, 513, São Paulo, CEP 05508060 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Melo Loureiro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 13 B, São Paulo, CEP 05508-000 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marmett B, Nunes RB, de Souza KS, Lago PD, Rhoden CR. Aerobic training reduces oxidative stress in skeletal muscle of rats exposed to air pollution and supplemented with chromium picolinate. Redox Rep 2018; 23:146-152. [PMID: 29776315 PMCID: PMC6748694 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2018.1475993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects
of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation associated with aerobic exercise
using measures of oxidative stress in rats exposed to air pollution. Methods: Sixty-one male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups:
residual oil fly ash (ROFA) exposure and sedentary (ROFA-SED); ROFA exposure,
sedentary and supplemented (ROFA-SED-CrPic); ROFA exposure and trained
(ROFA-AT); ROFA exposure, supplemented and trained (ROFA-AT-CrPic); sedentary
(Sal-SED); sedentary and supplemented (Sal-SED-CrPic); trained (Sal-AT); and
supplemented and trained (Sal-AT-CrPic). Rats exposed to ROFA (air pollution)
received 50 µg of ROFA daily via intranasal instillation.
Supplemented rats received CrPic (1 mg/kg/day) daily by oral gavage.
Exercise training was performed on a rat treadmill (5×/week). Oxidative
parameters were evaluated at the end of protocols. Results: Trained groups demonstrated lower gain of body mass
(P < .001) and increased exercise
tolerance (P < .0001). In the gastrocnemius,
trained groups demonstrated increased SOD activity
(P < .0001) and decrease levels of TBARS
(P = .0014), although CAT activity did
not differ among groups (P = .4487). Conclusion: Air pollution exposure did not lead to alterations in
oxidative markers in lungs and heart, and exercise training was responsible for
decreasing oxidative stress of the gastrocnemius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Marmett
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- b Research Department , Sul-Rio-Grandense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology , Gravataí , Brazil.,c Laboratory of Experimental Physiology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Kellen Sábio de Souza
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- c Laboratory of Experimental Physiology , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- a Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Graduate Program in Health Science , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kurtz ML, Astort F, Lezon C, Ferraro SA, Maglione GA, Orona NS, Friedman SM, Boyer PM, Tasat DR. Oxidative stress response to air particle pollution in a rat nutritional growth retardation model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:1028-1040. [PMID: 30239279 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1519747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution consisting of gases and particulate matter-(PM) represents a health problem in cities worldwide. However, air pollution does not impact equally all individuals, as children appear to be more vulnerable subpopulations. Air pollution and malnutrition are two distinct factors that have been associated with oxidative damage. Therefore, the interaction between environmental exposure and nutritional status in populations at risk needs to be explored. The aim of this study was to examine oxidative metabolism in lung, heart and liver in malnourished young rats exposed to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). A Nutritional Growth Retardation (NGR) model was developed in weanling male rats placed on a 20% restricted balanced diet for 4 weeks. Then, NGR and control rats were intranasally instilled with either ROFA (1mg/kg BW) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Twenty-four hr post-exposure lung, heart and liver were excised, and serum collected. ROFA induced lung and liver inflammation in control and NGR animals as evidenced by lung polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and alveolar space reduction accompanied by liver lymphocyte and binucleated hepatocyte level increase. In lung and liver, antioxidant defense mechanisms reduced lipoperoxidation. In contrast, only in NGR animals did ROFA exposure alter heart oxidative metabolism leading to lipid peroxidation. Although histological and biochemical tissue alterations were detected, no marked changes in serum liver and heart systemic biomarkers were observed. In conclusion, NGR animals responded differently to PM exposure than controls suggesting that nutritional status plays a key role in responsiveness to ambient air contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melisa L Kurtz
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Francisco Astort
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Christian Lezon
- c Department of Physiology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Sebastián A Ferraro
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Guillermo A Maglione
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Nadia S Orona
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b Committee for Scientific Research , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Silvia M Friedman
- e Department of General and Oral Biochemistry , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Patricia M Boyer
- c Department of Physiology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Deborah R Tasat
- a Center for The Studies in Health and Environment, School of Science and Technology , National University of San Martín , San Martín , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- d Department of Histology and Embryology , School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lasagni Vitar RM, Tau J, Janezic NS, Tesone AI, Hvozda Arana AG, Reides CG, Berra A, Ferreira SM, Llesuy SF. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) induce an early redox imbalance followed by an IL-6 mediated inflammatory response on human conjunctival epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
15
|
Niu X, Ho SSH, Ho KF, Huang Y, Sun J, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Zhao Z, Cao J. Atmospheric levels and cytotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated-PAHs in PM 2.5 in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1075-1084. [PMID: 28922714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of PM2.5 and cellular effects from exposure to fine aerosol extracts were studied for samples collected in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, and Hengshui, China in winter 2015. Effects of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their oxygenated derivatives (OPAHs) in PM2.5 on cell cultures were a major focus of the study. Total quantified PAHs and OPAHs at Shijiazhuang and Hengshui were higher than at Beijing and Tianjin, and benz(a)anthracene, chrysene and 1,8-naphthalic anhydride were the most abundant species. Exposure to PM2.5 extracts caused a concentration-dependent decline in cell viability and a dose-dependent increase in nitric oxide production. Two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), also increased when A549 test cells were exposed to PM2.5 extracts. PAHs and OPAHs in PM2.5 can potentially cause cell damage and induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses: benzo(a)anthracene-7,12-dione was highly correlated with NO production, dibenz(a,h)anthracene and 1,4-chrysenequinone were correlated with TNF-α production, and 1-naphthaldehyde was significantly correlated with IL-6 production. The study provides a new approach for evaluating relationships between air-quality and cell toxicity with respect to specific chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuzi Zhao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu N, Shu S, Lin Y, She J, Ip HSS, Qiu X, Zhu Y. High efficiency cabin air filter in vehicles reduces drivers' roadway particulate matter exposures and associated lipid peroxidation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188498. [PMID: 29176859 PMCID: PMC5703570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Commuters who spend long hours on roads are exposed to high levels of traffic related air pollutants (TRAPs). Despite some well-known multiple adverse effects of TRAPs on human health, limited studies have focused on mitigation strategies to reduce these effects. In this study, we measured fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations inside and outside 17 taxis simultaneously while they were driven on roadways. The drivers’ urinary monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations just before and right after the driving tests were also determined. Data were collected under three driving conditions (i.e. no mitigation (NM), window closed (WC), and window closed plus using high efficiency cabin air filters (WC+HECA)) for each taxi and driver. The results show that, compared to NM, the WC+HECA reduced in-cabin PM2.5 and UFP concentrations, by 37% and 47% respectively (p < 0.05), whereas the reductions on PAH exposures were insignificant. Although nonsignificant, a reduction of 17% was also observed in the drivers’ urinary MDA under WC+HECA. The MDA concentrations were found to be significantly associated with the in-cabin PM2.5 and UFP concentrations, suggesting the reduction of the drivers’ lipid peroxidation can be at least partially attributed to the PM2.5 and UFP reduction by WC+HECA. Overall, these results suggest HECA filters have potential to reduce particle levels inside taxis and protect drivers’ health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jianwen She
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California, United States
| | - Ho Sai Simon Ip
- California Department of Public Health, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, California, United States
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Niu X, Ho SSH, Ho KF, Huang Y, Cao J, Shen Z, Sun J, Wang X, Wang Y, Lee S, Huang R. Indoor secondary organic aerosols formation from ozonolysis of monoterpene: An example of d-limonene with ammonia and potential impacts on pulmonary inflammations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:212-220. [PMID: 27842959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene is one class of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) which widely presents in household cleaning products and air fresheners. It plays reactive role in secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) formation with ozone (O3) in indoor environments. Such ozonolysis can be influenced by the presence of gaseous pollutants such as ammonia (NH3). This study focuses on investigations of ozone-initiated formation of indoor SOAs with d-limonene, one of the most abundant indoor monoterpenes, in a large environmental chamber. The maximum total particle number concentration from the ozonolysis in the presence of NH3 was 60% higher than that in the absence of NH3. Both of the nuclei coagulation and condensation involve in the SOAs growth. The potential risks of pulmonary injury for the exposure to the secondary particles formed were presented with the indexes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) upon intratracheal instillation in mice lung for 6 and 12h. The results indicated that there was 22-39% stronger pulmonary inflammatory effect on the particles generated with NH3. This is a pilot study which demonstrates the toxicities of the indoor SOAs formed from the ozonolysis of a monoterpene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, , Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV89512, United States
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Technology and Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang R, Xiao X, Shen Z, Cao L, Cao Y. Airborne fine particulate matter causes murine bronchial hyperreactivity via MAPK pathway-mediated M 3 muscarinic receptor upregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:371-381. [PMID: 26916448 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the human health effects, airborne fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ) is an important environmental risk factor. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study examined the hypothesis that PM2.5 causes bronchial hyperreactivity by upregulated muscarinic receptors via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The isolated rat bronchi segments were cultured with different concentration of PM2.5 for different time. The contractile response of the bronchi segments were recorded by a sensitive myograph. The mRNA and protein expression levels of M3 muscarinic receptors were studied by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The muscarinic receptors agonist, carbachol induced a remarkable contractile response on fresh and DMSO cultured bronchial segments. Compared with the fresh or DMSO culture groups, 1.0 µg/mL of PM2.5 cultured for 24 h significantly enhanced muscarinic receptor-mediated contractile responses in bronchi with a markedly increased maximal contraction. In addition, the expression levels of mRNA and protein for M3 muscarinic receptors in bronchi of PM2.5 group were higher than that of fresh or DMSO culture groups. SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the PM2.5 -induced enhanced contraction and increased mRNA and protein expression of muscarinic receptors. However, JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on PM2.5 -induced muscarinic receptor upregulation and bronchial hyperreactivity. In conclusion, airborne PM2.5 upregulates muscarinic receptors, which causes subsequently bronchial hyperreactivity shown as enhanced contractility in bronchi. This process may be mediated by p38 and MEK1/2 MAPK pathways. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 371-381, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxiao Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Magnani ND, Marchini T, Garcés M, Mebert A, Cáceres L, Diaz L, Desimone M, Evelson PA. Role of transition metals present in air particulate matter on lung oxygen metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 81:419-426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
20
|
Marchini T, Wolf D, Michel NA, Mauler M, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Beckert J, Jäckel M, Magnani N, Duerschmied D, Tasat D, Alvarez S, Reinöhl J, von Zur Muhlen C, Idzko M, Bode C, Hilgendorf I, Evelson P, Zirlik A. Acute exposure to air pollution particulate matter aggravates experimental myocardial infarction in mice by potentiating cytokine secretion from lung macrophages. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:44. [PMID: 27240856 PMCID: PMC4886146 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0562-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinical, but not experimental evidence has suggested that air pollution particulate matter (PM) aggravates myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we aimed to describe mechanisms and consequences of PM exposure in an experimental model of MI. C57BL/6J mice were challenged with a PM surrogate (Residual Oil Fly Ash, ROFA) by intranasal installation before MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Histological analysis of the myocardium 7 days after MI demonstrated an increase in infarct area and enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment in ROFA-exposed mice. Mechanistically, ROFA exposure increased the levels of the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1, activated myeloid and endothelial cells, and enhanced leukocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity and the vascular endothelium. Notably, these effects on endothelial cells and circulating leukocytes could be reversed by neutralizing anti-TNF-α treatment. We identified alveolar macrophages as the primary source of elevated cytokine production after PM exposure. Accordingly, in vivo depletion of alveolar macrophages by intranasal clodronate attenuated inflammation and cell recruitment to infarcted tissue of ROFA-exposed mice. Taken together, our data demonstrate that exposure to environmental PM induces the release of inflammatory cytokines from alveolar macrophages which directly worsens the course of MI in mice. These findings uncover a novel link between air pollution PM exposure and inflammatory pathways, highlighting the importance of environmental factors in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.,Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathaly Anto Michel
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bianca Dufner
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Beckert
- Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Jäckel
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Deborah Tasat
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Muhlen
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Idzko
- Department of Pneumology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Atherogenesis Research Group, Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstrasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cannon DT, Liu J, Sakurai R, Rossiter HB, Rehan VK. Impaired Lung Mitochondrial Respiration Following Perinatal Nicotine Exposure in Rats. Lung 2016; 194:325-8. [PMID: 26899624 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal smoke/nicotine exposure predisposes to chronic lung disease and morbidity. Mitochondrial abnormalities may contribute as the PPARγ pathway is involved in structural and functional airway deficits after perinatal nicotine exposure. We hypothesized perinatal nicotine exposure results in lung mitochondrial dysfunction that can be rescued by rosiglitazone (RGZ; PPARγ receptor agonist). Sprague-Dawley dams received placebo (CON), nicotine (NIC, 1 mg kg(-1)), or NIC + RGZ (3 mg kg(-1)) daily from embryonic day 6 to postnatal day 21. Parenchymal lung (~10 mg) was taken from adult male offspring for mitochondrial assessment in situ. ADP-stimulated O2 consumption was less in NIC and NIC + RGZ compared to CON (F[2,14] = 17.8; 4.5 ± 0.8 and 4.1 ± 1.4 vs. 8.8 ± 2.5 pmol s mg(-1); p < 0.05). The respiratory control ratio for ADP, an index of mitochondrial coupling, was reduced in NIC and remediated in NIC + RGZ (F[2,14] = 3.8; p < 0.05). Reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and abnormal coupling were evident after perinatal nicotine exposure. RGZ improved mitochondrial function through tighter coupling of oxidative phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Cannon
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA.
- School of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA.
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Reiko Sakurai
- Division of Neonatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Harry B Rossiter
- Division of Respiratory & Critical Care Physiology & Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Division of Neonatology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Update on the Mechanisms of Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Imbalance Induced by Exercise. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4868536. [PMID: 26881028 PMCID: PMC4736402 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4868536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the generation of oxidative damage and lung inflammation induced by physical exercise are described. Changes in lung function induced by exercise involve cooling of the airways, fluid evaporation of the epithelial surface, increased contact with polluting substances, and activation of the local and systemic inflammatory response. The present work includes evidence obtained from the different types of exercise in terms of duration and intensity, the effect of both acute performance and chronic performance, and the influence of special conditions such as cold weather, high altitude, and polluted environments. Levels of prooxidants, antioxidants, oxidative damage to biomolecules, and cellularity, as well as levels of soluble mediators of the inflammatory response and its effects on tissues, are described in samples of lung origin. These samples include tissue homogenates, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, biopsies, and exhaled breath condensate obtained in experimental protocols conducted on animal and human models. Finally, the need to simultaneously explore the oxidative/inflammatory parameters to establish the interrelation between them is highlighted.
Collapse
|
23
|
Samara C, Kouras A, Kaidoglou K, Emmanouil-Nikoloussi EN, Simou C, Bousnaki M, Kelessis A. Ultrastructural alterations in the mouse lung caused by real-life ambient PM10 at urban traffic sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:327-336. [PMID: 26081735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current levels of ambient air particulate matter (PM) are associated with mortality and morbidity in urban populations worldwide. Nevertheless, current knowledge does not allow precise quantification or definitive ranking of the health effects of individual PM components and indeed, associations may be the result of multiple components acting on different physiological mechanisms. In this paper, healthy Balb/c mice were exposed to ambient PM10 at a traffic site of a large city (Thessaloniki, northern Greece), in parallel to control mice that were exposed to filtered air. Structural damages were examined in ultrafine sections of lung tissues by Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). Ambient PM10 samples were also collected during the exposure experiment and characterized with respect to chemical composition and oxidative potential. Severe ultrastructural alterations in the lung tissue after a 10-week exposure of mice at PM10 levels often exceeding the daily limit of Directive 2008/50/EC were revealed mainly implying PM-induced oxidative stress. The DTT-based redox activity of PM10 was found within the range of values reported for traffic sites being correlated with traffic-related constituents. Although linkage of the observed lung damage with specific chemical components or sources need further elucidation, the magnitude of biological responses highlight the necessity for national and local strategies for mitigation of particle emissions from combustion sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantini Samara
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Kouras
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Kaidoglou
- Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Elpida-Niki Emmanouil-Nikoloussi
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Simou
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Bousnaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology and Anthropology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thesaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Kelessis
- Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Kleanthous 18, 54 642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Magnani ND, Muresan XM, Belmonte G, Cervellati F, Sticozzi C, Pecorelli A, Miracco C, Marchini T, Evelson P, Valacchi G. Skin Damage Mechanisms Related to Airborne Particulate Matter Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:227-36. [PMID: 26507108 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between increased airborne particulate matter (PM) and adverse health effects. The mechanisms of PM-health effects are believed to involve oxidative stress and inflammation. To evaluate the ability of PM promoting skin tissue damage, one of the main organs exposed to outdoor pollutants, we analyzed the effect of concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) in a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model. RHE tissues were exposed to 25 or 100 µg/ml CAPs for 24 or 48 h. Data showed that RHE seems to be more susceptible to CAPs-induced toxicity after 48 h exposure than after 24 h. We found a local reactive O(2) species (ROS) production increase generated from metals present on the particle, which contributes to lipids oxidation. Furthermore, as a consequence of altered redox status, NFkB nucleus translocation was increase upon CAPs exposure, as well as cyclooxygenase 2 and cytochrome P450 levels, which may be involved in the inflammatory response initiated by PM. CAPs also triggered an apoptotic process in skin. Surprisingly, by transition electron microscopy analysis we showed that CAPs were able to penetrate skin tissues. These findings contribute to the understanding of the cutaneous pathophysiological mechanisms initiated by CAPs exposure, where oxidative stress and inflammation may play predominant roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D Magnani
- *Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-UBA-CONICET), Pharmacy and Biochemistry School, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena M Muresan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Sticozzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clelia Miracco
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical and Surgical Sciences. University of Siena, Siena, Italy; and
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- *Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-UBA-CONICET), Pharmacy and Biochemistry School, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- *Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (IBIMOL-UBA-CONICET), Pharmacy and Biochemistry School, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Øvrevik J, Refsnes M, Låg M, Holme JA, Schwarze PE. Activation of Proinflammatory Responses in Cells of the Airway Mucosa by Particulate Matter: Oxidant- and Non-Oxidant-Mediated Triggering Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1399-440. [PMID: 26147224 PMCID: PMC4598757 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to play a central role in a diverse range of disease outcomes associated with exposure to various types of inhalable particulates. The initial mechanisms through which particles trigger cellular responses leading to activation of inflammatory responses are crucial to clarify in order to understand what physico-chemical characteristics govern the inflammogenic activity of particulate matter and why some particles are more harmful than others. Recent research suggests that molecular triggering mechanisms involved in activation of proinflammatory genes and onset of inflammatory reactions by particles or soluble particle components can be categorized into direct formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with subsequent oxidative stress, interaction with the lipid layer of cellular membranes, activation of cell surface receptors, and direct interactions with intracellular molecular targets. The present review focuses on the immediate effects and responses in cells exposed to particles and central down-stream signaling mechanisms involved in regulation of proinflammatory genes, with special emphasis on the role of oxidant and non-oxidant triggering mechanisms. Importantly, ROS act as a central second-messenger in a variety of signaling pathways. Even non-oxidant mediated triggering mechanisms are therefore also likely to activate downstream redox-regulated events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Magne Refsnes
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Marit Låg
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jørn A Holme
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Per E Schwarze
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ferraro S, Orona N, Villalón L, Saldiva P, Tasat D, Berra A. Air particulate matter exacerbates lung response on Sjögren's Syndrome animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:125-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
27
|
Shaghaghi H, Kadlecek S, Deshpande C, Siddiqui S, Martinez D, Pourfathi M, Hamedani H, Ishii M, Profka H, Rizi AR. Metabolic spectroscopy of inflammation in a bleomycin-induced lung injury model using hyperpolarized 1-(13) C pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:939-47. [PMID: 24865640 PMCID: PMC4110199 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic activity in the lung is known to change in response to external insults, inflammation, and cancer. We report measurements of metabolism in the isolated, perfused rat lung of healthy controls and in diseased lungs undergoing acute inflammation using hyperpolarized 1-(13) C-labeled pyruvate. The overall apparent activity of lactate dehydrogenase is shown to increase significantly (on average by a factor of 3.3) at the 7 day acute stage and to revert substantially to baseline at 21 days, while other markers indicating monocarboxylate uptake and transamination rate are unchanged. Elevated lung lactate signal levels correlate well with phosphodiester levels as determined with (31) P spectroscopy and with the presence of neutrophils as determined by histology, consistent with a relationship between intracellular lactate pool labeling and the density and type of inflammatory cells present. We discuss several alternate hypotheses, and conclude that the most probable source of the observed signal increase is direct uptake and metabolism of pyruvate by inflammatory cells and primarily neutrophils. This signal is seen in high contrast to the low baseline activity of the lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoora Shaghaghi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Submitting author: Hoora Shaghaghi, PhD University of Pennsylvania Department of Radiology 338 Stemmler Hall 3450 Hamilton Walk Philadelphia, PA 19104 215-662-6775
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charuhas Deshpande
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Pathology Core Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Otolaryngology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harrilla Profka
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - and Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Astort F, Sittner M, Ferraro SA, Orona NS, Maglione GA, De la Hoz A, Tasat DR. Pulmonary inflammation and cell death in mice after acute exposure to air particulate matter from an industrial region of Buenos Aires. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 67:87-96. [PMID: 24327098 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that air particulate matter (PM) can increase respiratory morbidity and mortality being the lungs the main target organ to PM body entrance. Even more, several in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that air PM has a wide toxicity spectra depending among other parameters, on its size, morphology, and chemical composition. The Reconquista River is the second most polluted river from Buenos Aires, and people living around its basin are constantly exposed to its contaminated water, soil and air. However, the air PM from the Reconquista River (RR-PMa) has not been characterized, and its biological impact on lung has yet not been assessed. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study (1) RR-PMa morphochemical characteristic and (2) RR-PMa lung acute effects after intranasal instillation exposure through the analysis of three end points: oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. A single acute exposure of RR-PMa (1 mg/kg body weight) after 24 h caused significant (p < 0.05) enrichment in bronchoalveolar total cell number and polymorphonuclear (PNM) fraction, superoxide anion generation, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and induction of apoptosis. It was also observed that in lung homogenates, none of the antioxidant enzymes assayed showed differences between exposed RR-PMa and control mice. These data demonstrate that air PM from the Reconquista River induce lung oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death therefore represents a potential hazard to human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Astort
- School of Science and Technology, National University of General San Martín, Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1653), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Marchini T, Magnani N, Paz M, Vanasco V, Tasat D, González Maglio D, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Time course of systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory response induced by an acute exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ash. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:274-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Magnani ND, Marchini T, Vanasco V, Tasat DR, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung after an acute exposure to Residual Oil Fly Ashes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 270:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
31
|
Marchini T, Magnani N, D'Annunzio V, Tasat D, Gelpi RJ, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and contractile reserve following an acute exposure to environmental particulate matter. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013. [PMID: 23201196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that mitochondrial function plays a central role in cardiovascular diseases associated with particulate matter inhalation. The aim of this study was to evaluate this hypothesis, with focus on cardiac O2 and energetic metabolism, and its impact over cardiac contractility. METHODS Swiss mice were intranasally instilled with either residual oil fly ash (ROFA) (1.0 mg/kg body weight) or saline solution. After 1, 3 or 5 h of exposure, O2 consumption was evaluated in heart tissue samples. Mitochondrial respiration, respiratory chain complexes activity, membrane potential and ATP content and production rate were assessed in isolated mitochondria. Cardiac contractile reserve was evaluated according to the Langendorff technique. RESULTS Three hours after ROFA exposure, tissue O2 consumption was significantly decreased by 35% (from 1180 +/- 70 to 760 +/- 60 ng-at O/min g tissue), as well as mitochondrial rest (state 4) and active (state 3) respiration, by 30 and 24%, respectively (control state 4: 88 +/- 5 ng-at O/min mg protein; state 3: 240 +/- 20 ng-at O/min mg protein). These findings were associated with decreased complex II activity, mitochondrial depolarization and deficient ATP production. Even though basal contractility was not modified (control: 75 +/- 5 mm Hg), isolated perfused hearts failed to properly respond to isoproterenol in ROFA-exposed mice. Tissue O2 consumption rates positively correlated with cardiac contractile state in controls (r2 = 0.8271), but not in treated mice (r2 = 0.1396). GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present results show an impaired mitochondrial function associated with deficient cardiac contractility, which could represent an early cardiovascular alteration after the exposure to environmental particulate matter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Marchini
- Laboratory of Free Radical Biology (IBIMOL-CONICET), School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Junín 954 (C1113AAB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This overview highlights recent experimental and epidemiological evidence for the programming effects of outdoor air pollution exposures during early development on lung function and chronic respiratory disorders, such as asthma and related allergic disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Air pollutants may impact anatomy and/or physiological functioning of the lung and interrelated systems. Programming effects may result from pollutant-induced shifts in a number of molecular, cellular, and physiological states and their interacting systems. Specific key regulatory systems susceptible to programming may influence lung development and vulnerability to respiratory diseases, including both central and peripheral components of neuroendocrine pathways and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning which, in turn, influence the immune system. Starting in utero, environmental factors, including air pollutants, may permanently organize these systems toward trajectories of enhanced pediatric (e.g., asthma, allergy) as well as adult disease risk (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Evidence supports a central role of oxidative stress in the toxic effects of air pollution. Additional research suggests xenobiotic metabolism and subcellular components, such as mitochondria are targets of ambient air pollution and play a role in asthma and allergy programming. Mechanisms operating at the level of the placenta are being elucidated. Epigenetic mechanisms may be at the roots of adaptive developmental programming. SUMMARY Optimal coordinated functioning of many complex processes and their networks of interaction are necessary for normal lung development and the maintenance of respiratory health. Outdoor air pollution may play an important role in early programming of respiratory health and is potentially amenable to intervention.
Collapse
|