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Krzeski JC, Judson MC, Philpot BD. Neuronal UBE3A substrates hold therapeutic potential for Angelman syndrome. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 88:102899. [PMID: 39126903 PMCID: PMC11397222 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Emerging therapies for Angelman syndrome, a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, are focused on restoring UBE3A gene expression in the brain. Further therapeutic opportunities may arise from a better understanding of how UBE3A gene products-both long and short isoforms of the ubiquitin ligase E3A (UBE3A)-function in neurons. Great strides have been made recently toward identifying ubiquitin substrates of UBE3A in vitro and in heterologous expression systems. From this work, a particularly close relationship between UBE3A and subunits of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome has become evident. We propose that further research cognizant of isoform-specific UBE3A functional roles will be instrumental in elucidating key UBE3A/substrate relationships within distinct neuronal compartments, lending to the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and valuable clinical biomarkers for the treatment of Angelman syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Krzeski
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew C Judson
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Fang C, Liu X, Zhang F, Song T. Baicalein Inhibits Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through SIRT6-Mediated FOXA2 Deacetylation to Promote SLC7A11 Expression. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0174-24.2024. [PMID: 39299807 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0174-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a serious threat to patient survival. The inhibition of ferroptosis can effectively alleviate ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting potential targets in the ferroptosis pathway for the treatment of IS. In this study, MCAO/R mice and OGD/R-induced HT22 cell were constructed. It was found that baicalein decreased ROS, MDA, and Fe2+ levels, upregulated GSH levels, and enhanced the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins (GPX4 and SLC7A11), downregulated the expression of proapoptotic proteins (Bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3), and upregulated the expression of an antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2), ameliorating cerebral I/R injury. In animal and cell models, Sirtuin6 (SIRT6) is downregulated, and Forkhead boxA2 (FOXA2) expression and acetylation levels are abnormally upregulated. SIRT6 inhibited FOXA2 expression and acetylation. Baicalein promoted FOXA2 deacetylation by upregulating SIRT6 expression. FOXA2 transcriptionally inhibits SLC7A11 expression. In conclusion, baicalein inhibited apoptosis and partially suppressed the role of ferroptosis to alleviate cerebral I/R injury via SIRT6-mediated FOXA2 deacetylation to promote SLC7A11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuini Fang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xirong Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Song
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan Province 410000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Jia J, Jiao W, Wang G, Wu J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:975-1012. [PMID: 38126568 DOI: 10.1002/med.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long-term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti-IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti-IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti-IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Voogd EJHF, Frega M, Hofmeijer J. Neuronal Responses to Ischemia: Scoping Review of Insights from Human-Derived In Vitro Models. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:3137-3160. [PMID: 37380886 PMCID: PMC10477161 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Translation of neuroprotective treatment effects from experimental animal models to patients with cerebral ischemia has been challenging. Since pathophysiological processes may vary across species, an experimental model to clarify human-specific neuronal pathomechanisms may help. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on human neuronal in vitro models that have been used to study neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia, the parts of the pathophysiological cascade that have been investigated in those models, and evidence on effects of interventions. We included 147 studies on four different human neuronal models. The majority of the studies (132/147) was conducted in SH-SY5Y cells, which is a cancerous cell line derived from a single neuroblastoma patient. Of these, 119/132 used undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, that lack many neuronal characteristics. Two studies used healthy human induced pluripotent stem cell derived neuronal networks. Most studies used microscopic measures and established hypoxia induced cell death, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Only one study investigated the effect of hypoxia on neuronal network functionality using micro-electrode arrays. Treatment targets included oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and neuronal network stimulation. We discuss (dis)advantages of the various model systems and propose future perspectives for research into human neuronal responses to ischemia or hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J H F Voogd
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Monica Frega
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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5
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Liu Y, Wang L, Yang G, Chi X, Liang X, Zhang Y. Sirtuins: Promising Therapeutic Targets to Treat Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1210. [PMID: 37627275 PMCID: PMC10452362 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability globally, with ischemic stroke (IS) accounting for over 80% of all stroke cases. The pathological process of IS involves numerous signal molecules, among which are the highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent enzymes known as sirtuins (SIRTs). SIRTs modulate various biological processes, including cell differentiation, energy metabolism, DNA repair, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Importantly, several studies have reported a correlation between SIRTs and IS. This review introduces the general aspects of SIRTs, including their distribution, subcellular location, enzyme activity, and substrate. We also discuss their regulatory roles and potential mechanisms in IS. Finally, we describe the current therapeutic methods based on SIRTs, such as pharmacotherapy, non-pharmacological therapeutic/rehabilitative interventions, epigenetic regulators, potential molecules, and stem cell-derived exosome therapy. The data collected in this study will potentially contribute to both clinical and fundamental research on SIRTs, geared towards developing effective therapeutic candidates for future treatment of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Liuding Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Guang Yang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China;
| | - Xiansu Chi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xiao Liang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China; (Y.L.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
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6
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Cheng J, Fan YQ, Zhang WF, Zhang G, Zeng K, Ye Z, Zhao D, Wu LQ, Chen ZB. Overexpressing SIRT6 can Attenuate the Injury of Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Down-Regulating NF-kB. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:53-63. [PMID: 35767210 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuins family of NAD ( +) dependent deacetylases, has been shown to have beneficial effects in ischemic stroke. However, the role of SIRT6 in intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has not reported. We observed that SIRT6 expression was down-regulated in human ICH patients and down-regulated in ICH-induced rat cortical neurons. We subsequently found that SIRT6 overexpression reduced brain tissue damage and increased neuronal survival in the ICH model of rats and hemin-induced cortical neurons. Our further study found that overexpression of SIRT6 can reduce inflammatory response by down-regulating the expression of NF-kB and thus promote the recovery of neurological function in ICH animals. In conclusion, SIRT6 can inhibit the expression of NF-kB and plays a neuroprotective role in ICH by inhibiting the NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response.SIRT6 could be a novel therapeutic target for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yan-Qin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wen-Fei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Kuo Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- The Open Project of Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li-Quan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhi-Biao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 99 Zhang Zhidong Street, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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7
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Chen H, Huang Z, Chen C. The Role of Histone Acetylation Modification in Dental Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Odontogenesis. Cell Reprogram 2023; 25:11-19. [PMID: 36594932 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2022.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis is a complex physiological process that is based on dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental tissue-derived MSCs are the stem cell populations isolated and characterized from different parts of the oral cavity, and are considered as promising candidates for stem cell-based therapy. During odontogenesis, epigenetic factors can influence the proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis of dental tissue-derived MSCs. As one of the epigenetic modifications, histone acetylation modification is critical for the proper regulation of many biological processes, including transcriptional regulation of cell cycle progression and cell fate. In odontogenesis, histone acetylation and deacetylation play crucial roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived MSCs. In this review, we aim to outline the general features of acetylation modification and describe their roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental tissue-derived MSCs, as well as their future implications in the field of novel regenerative therapies for the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoling Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxiao Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Smirnov D, Eremenko E, Stein D, Kaluski S, Jasinska W, Cosentino C, Martinez-Pastor B, Brotman Y, Mostoslavsky R, Khrameeva E, Toiber D. SIRT6 is a key regulator of mitochondrial function in the brain. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 36653345 PMCID: PMC9849342 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The SIRT6 deacetylase has been implicated in DNA repair, telomere maintenance, glucose and lipid metabolism and, importantly, it has critical roles in the brain ranging from its development to neurodegeneration. Here, we combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches to characterize the functions of SIRT6 in mouse brains. Our analysis reveals that SIRT6 is a central regulator of mitochondrial activity in the brain. SIRT6 deficiency in the brain leads to mitochondrial deficiency with a global downregulation of mitochondria-related genes and pronounced changes in metabolite content. We suggest that SIRT6 affects mitochondrial functions through its interaction with the transcription factor YY1 that, together, regulate mitochondrial gene expression. Moreover, SIRT6 target genes include SIRT3 and SIRT4, which are significantly downregulated in SIRT6-deficient brains. Our results demonstrate that the lack of SIRT6 leads to decreased mitochondrial gene expression and metabolomic changes of TCA cycle byproducts, including increased ROS production, reduced mitochondrial number, and impaired membrane potential that can be partially rescued by restoring SIRT3 and SIRT4 levels. Importantly, the changes we observed in SIRT6-deficient brains are also occurring in aging human brains and particularly in patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease. Overall, our results suggest that the reduced levels of SIRT6 in the aging brain and neurodegeneration initiate mitochondrial dysfunction by altering gene expression, ROS production, and mitochondrial decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Smirnov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Eremenko
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Daniel Stein
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shai Kaluski
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Weronika Jasinska
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Claudia Cosentino
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Barbara Martinez-Pastor
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, 121205, Russia.
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
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9
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Surya K, Manickam N, Jayachandran KS, Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M. Resveratrol Mediated Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroregenerative Plasticity via SIRT1 Pathway in Synergy with Wnt Signaling: Neurotherapeutic Implications to Mitigate Memory Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S125-S140. [PMID: 36463442 PMCID: PMC10473144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of dementia. Abnormal amyloidogenic event-mediated degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cognitive centers of the brain has been attributed to neuropathological sequelae and behavioral deficits in AD. Besides, impaired adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has experimentally been realized as an underlying cause of dementia regardless of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nourishing the neurogenic process in the hippocampus has been considered an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate memory loss. In the physiological state, the Wnt pathway has been identified as a potent mitogenic generator in the hippocampal stem cell niche. However, downstream components of Wnt signaling have been noticed to be downregulated in AD brains. Resveratrol (RSV) is a potent Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) enhancer that facilitates neuroprotection and promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult brain. While SIRT1 is an important positive regulator of Wnt signaling, ample reports indicate that RSV treatment strongly mediates the fate determination of stem cells through Wnt signaling. However, the possible therapeutic roles of RSV-mediated SIRT1 enhancement on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and reversal of memory loss through the Wnt signaling pathway have not been addressed yet. Taken together, this review describes RSV-mediated effects on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis via the activation of SIRT1 in synergy with the Wnt signaling. Further, the article emphasizes a hypothesis that RSV treatment can provoke the activation of quiescent neural stem cells and prime their neurogenic capacity in the hippocampus via Wnt signaling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Surya
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kesavan Swaminathan Jayachandran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Molecular Cardiology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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10
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Kawamura T, Singh Mallah G, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Jonsson L, Jabbari Shiadeh SM, Goretta F, Ikeda T, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. Therapeutic Effect of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide for Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231198983. [PMID: 37787108 PMCID: PMC10548811 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231198983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia reduces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and SIRT6 levels in the injured hippocampus.Hippocampal high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) release is significantly increased after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment normalizes hippocampal NAD+ and SIRT6 levels, with significant decrease in caspase-3 activity and HMGB1 release.NMN improves early developmental behavior, as well as motor and memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kawamura
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Gagandeep Singh Mallah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lina Jonsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seyedeh Marziyeh Jabbari Shiadeh
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fanny Goretta
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Liberale L, Ministrini S, Arnold M, Puspitasari YM, Pokorny T, Beer G, Scherrer N, Schweizer J, Christ-Crain M, Montecucco F, Camici GG, Katan Kahles M. Serum circulating sirtuin 6 as a novel predictor of mortality after acute ischemic stroke. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20513. [PMID: 36443316 PMCID: PMC9705558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In a murine model of acute ischemic stroke, SIRT6 knockdown resulted in larger cerebral infarct size, worse neurological outcome, and higher mortality, indicating a possible neuro-protective role of SIRT6. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of serum SIRT6 levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Serum levels of SIRT6, collected within 72 h from symptom-onset, were measured in 317 consecutively enrolled AIS patients from the COSMOS cohort. The primary endpoint of this analysis was 90-day mortality. The independent prognostic value of SIRT6 was assessed with multivariate logistic and Cox proportional regression models. 35 patients (11%) deceased within 90-day follow-up. After adjustment for established risk factors (age, NIHSS, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and C reactive protein), SIRT6 levels were negatively associated with mortality. The optimal cut-off for survival was 634 pg/mL. Patients with SIRT6 levels below this threshold had a higher risk of death in multivariable Cox regression. In this pilot study, SIRT6 levels were significantly associated with 90-day mortality after AIS; these results build on previous molecular and causal observations made in animal models. Should this association be confirmed, SIRT6 could be a potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Markus Arnold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Pokorny
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georgia Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Natalie Scherrer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Schweizer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mira Katan Kahles
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurology University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Xiao R, Wang Q, Peng J, Yu Z, Zhang J, Xia Y. BMSC-Derived Exosomal Egr2 Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke by Directly Upregulating SIRT6 to Suppress Notch Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 60:1-17. [PMID: 36208355 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes generated by BMSCs contribute to functional recovery in ischemic stroke. However, the regulatory mechanism is largely unknown. Exosomes were isolated from BMSCs. Tube formation, MTT, TUNEL, and flow cytometry assays were applied to examine cell angiogenesis, viability, and apoptosis. Protein and DNA interaction was evaluated by ChIP and luciferase assays. LDH release into the culture medium was examined. Infarction area was evaluated by TTC staining. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to examine CD31 expression. A mouse model of MCAO/R was established. BMSC-derived exosomes attenuated neuronal cell damage and facilitated angiogenesis of brain endothelial cells in response to OGD/R, but these effects were abolished by the knockdown of Egr2. Egr2 directly bound to the promoter of SIRT6 to promote its expression. The incompetency of Egr2-silencing exosomes was reversed by overexpression of SIRT6. Furthermore, SIRT6 inhibited Notch signaling via suppressing Notch1. Overexpression of SIRT6 and inhibition of Notch signaling improved cell injury and angiogenesis in OGD/R-treated cells. BMSC-derived exosomal Egr2 ameliorated MCAO/R-induced brain damage via upregulating SIRT6 to suppress Notch signaling in mice. BMSC-derived exosomes ameliorate OGD/R-induced injury and MCAO/R-caused cerebral damage in mice by delivering Egr2 to promote SIRT6 expression and subsequently suppress Notch signaling. Our study provides a potential exosome-based therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jikun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, 570208, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Role of NAD + and FAD in Ischemic Stroke Pathophysiology: An Epigenetic Nexus and Expanding Therapeutic Repertoire. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4. [PMID: 36180651 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The redox coenzymes viz., oxidized β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by way of generation of optimal reducing power and cellular energy currency (ATP), control a staggering array of metabolic reactions. The prominent cellular contenders for NAD+ utilization, inter alia, are sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), which have been significantly implicated in ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis. NAD+ and FAD are also two crucial epigenetic enzyme-required metabolites mediating histone deacetylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation through SIRTs and PARP-1 respectively, and demethylation through FAD-mediated lysine specific demethylase activity. These enzymes and post-translational modifications impinge on the components of neurovascular unit, primarily neurons, and elicit diverse functional upshots in an ischemic brain. These could be circumstantially linked with attendant cognitive deficits and behavioral outcomes in post-stroke epoch. Parsing out the contribution of NAD+/FAD-synthesizing and utilizing enzymes towards epigenetic remodeling in IS setting, together with their cognitive and behavioral associations, combined with possible therapeutic implications will form the crux of this review.
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14
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Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Bizoń A, Waliszewska-Prosół M, Piwowar A, Budrewicz S, Pokryszko-Dragan A. Role of Sirtuins in Physiology and Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2434. [PMID: 36289696 PMCID: PMC9598817 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulators, sirtuins (SIRTs), are a family of enzymes which take part in major posttranslational modifications of proteins and contribute to multiple cellular processes, including metabolic and energetic transformations, as well as regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, SIRTs have gained increased attention as the object of research because of their multidirectional activity and possible role in the complex pathomechanisms underlying human diseases. The aim of this study was to review a current literature evidence of SIRTs' role in the physiology and pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). SIRTs have been demonstrated to be crucial players in the crosstalk between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic alterations. The elucidation of SIRTs' role in the background of various CNS diseases offers a chance to define relevant markers of their progression and promising candidates for novel therapeutic targets. Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications from SIRTs-related investigations are discussed, as well as their future directions and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Bizoń
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Budrewicz
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Pokryszko-Dragan
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Modulation of autophagy by melatonin via sirtuins in stroke: From mechanisms to therapies. Life Sci 2022; 307:120870. [PMID: 35948118 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins perform an important effect on the neural cell fate following stroke. Several mechanisms that have been correlated with stroke are oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Autophagy is usually regarded as unitary of the neural cell survival mechanisms. Recently, the importance of the sirtuins effect on autophagy by antioxidant agents for stroke treatment mentioned in various studies. One of these agents is melatonin. Melatonin can modulate autophagy by changing on sirtuin pathways. Melatonin and its metabolites adjust various sirtuins pathways related to apoptosis, proliferation, metastases, autophagy and inflammation in case of stroke. In this review, we will discuss about the modulation of autophagy by melatonin via sirtuins in stroke.
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16
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Energy restriction induced SIRT6 inhibits microglia activation and promotes angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via transcriptional inhibition of TXNIP. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:449. [PMID: 35562171 PMCID: PMC9095711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) protects against cerebral ischemic injury, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, rats were fed ad libitum (AL) or on an alternate-day food deprivation intermittent fasting (IF) diet for 3 months, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The body weight, infarct volume, and neurological deficit score were accessed at the designated time points. ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to determine cytokine secretion and the expression of SIRT6, TXNIP, and signaling molecules, respectively. Immunofluorescence evaluated microglial activation and angiogenesis in vivo. For in vitro study, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated cell model was generated. MTT and tube formation assays were employed to determine cell viability and tube formation capability. ChIP assay detected chromatin occupancy of SIRT6 and SIRT6-mediated H3 deacetylation. We found that IF or ER mimetics ameliorated cerebral ischemic brain damage and microglial activation, and potentiated angiogenesis in vivo. ER mimetics or SIRT6 overexpression alleviated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in vitro. SIRT6 suppressed TXNIP via deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K56ac in HAPI cells and BMVECs. Downregulation of SIRT6 reversed ER mimetics-mediated protection during cerebral I/R in vitro. Our study demonstrated that ER-mediated upregulation of SIRT6 inhibited microglia activation and potentiated angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via suppressing TXNIP.
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17
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Singh-Mallah G, Kawamura T, Ardalan M, Chumak T, Svedin P, Arthur PG, James C, Hagberg H, Sandberg M, Mallard C. N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores Sirtuin-6 and Decreases HMGB1 Release Following Lipopolysaccharide-Sensitized Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:743093. [PMID: 34867200 PMCID: PMC8634142 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.743093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are important etiological factors of perinatal brain injury. However, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuin-6 is thought to regulate inflammatory and oxidative pathways, such as the extracellular release of the alarmin high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). The expression and role of sirtuin-6 in neonatal brain injury are unknown. In a well-established model of neonatal brain injury, which encompasses inflammation (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and hypoxia-ischemia (LPS+HI), we investigated the protein expression of sirtuin-6 and HMGB1, as well as thiol oxidation. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on sirtuin-6 expression, nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation, and release of HMGB1 in the brain and blood thiol oxidation after LPS+HI. We demonstrate reduced expression of sirtuin-6 and increased release of HMGB1 in injured hippocampus after LPS+HI. NAC treatment restored sirtuin-6 protein levels, which was associated with reduced extracellular HMGB1 release and reduced thiol oxidation in the blood. The study suggests that early reduction in sirtuin-6 is associated with HMGB1 release, which may contribute to neonatal brain injury, and that antioxidant treatment is beneficial for the alleviation of these injurious mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh-Mallah
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takuya Kawamura
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Chumak
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter G Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher James
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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18
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Transcranial direct-current stimulation protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through regulating Cezanne-dependent signaling. Exp Neurol 2021; 345:113818. [PMID: 34324860 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is proved safe and shows therapeutic effect in cerebral ischemic stroke in clinical trials. But the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that tDCS treatment reduces the infarct volume after rat cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and results in functional improvement of stroke animals. At the cellular and molecular level, tDCS suppresses I/R-induced upregulation of Cezanne in the ischemic neurons. Cezanne inhibition confers neuroprotection after rat I/R and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in the cortical neuronal cultures. Inhibiting Cezanne increases the level of SIRT6 that is downregulated in the ischemic neurons. Suppressing SIRT6 blocks Cezanne inhibition-induced neuroprotective effect and overexpressing SIRT6 attenuates OGD-induced neuronal death. We further show that downregulating Cezanne reduces DNA double-strand break (DSB) through upregulation of SIRT6 in OGD-insulted neurons. Together, this study suggests that Cezanne-dependent SIRT6-DNA DSB signaling pathway may mediate the neuroprotective effect of tDCS in ischemic neurons.
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19
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Liberale L, Gaul DS, Akhmedov A, Bonetti NR, Nageswaran V, Costantino S, Pahla J, Weber J, Fehr V, Vdovenko D, Semerano A, Giacalone G, Kullak-Ublick GA, Sessa M, Eriksson U, Paneni F, Ruschitzka F, Montecucco F, Beer JH, Lüscher TF, Matter CM, Camici GG. Endothelial SIRT6 blunts stroke size and neurological deficit by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity: a translational study. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:1575-1587. [PMID: 31603194 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Aging is an established risk factor for stroke; genes regulating longevity are implicated in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke where to date, therapeutic options remain limited. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucially involved in ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) brain injury thus representing an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic agents. Given the role of endothelial cells in the BBB, we hypothesized that the endothelial-specific expression of the recently described longevity gene SIRT6 may exhibit protective properties in stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS SIRT6 endothelial expression was reduced following stroke. Endothelial-specific Sirt6 knockout (eSirt6-/-) mice, as well as animals in which Sirt6 overexpression was post-ischaemically induced, underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). eSirt6-/- animals displayed increased infarct volumes, mortality, and neurological deficit after tMCAO, as compared to control littermates. Conversely, post-ischaemic Sirt6 overexpression decreased infarct size and neurological deficit. Analysis of ischaemic brain sections revealed increased BBB damage and endothelial expression of cleaved caspase-3 in eSIRT6-/- mice as compared to controls. In primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs), hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) reduced SIRT6 expression and SIRT6 silencing impaired the barrier function (transendothelial resistance) similar to what was observed in mice exposed to I/R. Further, SIRT6-silenced HBMVECs exposed to H/R showed reduced viability, increased cleaved caspase-3 expression and reduced activation of the survival pathway Akt. In ischaemic stroke patients, SIRT6 expression was higher in those with short-term neurological improvement as assessed by NIHSS scale and correlated with stroke outcome. CONCLUSION Endothelial SIRT6 exerts a protective role in ischaemic stroke by blunting I/R-mediated BBB damage and thus, it may represent an interesting novel therapeutic target to be explored in future clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Daniel S Gaul
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Akhmedov
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Nicole R Bonetti
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, Baden 5404, Switzerland
| | - Vanasa Nageswaran
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin 12203, Germany
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pahla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Julien Weber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Vera Fehr
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Daria Vdovenko
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Aurora Semerano
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Giacomo Giacalone
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Gerd A Kullak-Ublick
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Sessa
- Department of Neurology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano 20132, Italy
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,GZO Spital Wetzikon, Spitalstrasse 66, Wetzikon 8620, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, L.go R. Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Jürg H Beer
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Im Ergel 1, Baden 5404, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Schlieren Campus, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.,Zurich Neuroscience Center, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
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20
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Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
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21
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He T, Shang J, Gao C, Guan X, Chen Y, Zhu L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhang J, Pang T. A novel SIRT6 activator ameliorates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain injury via EZH2/FOXC1 axis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:708-726. [PMID: 33777677 PMCID: PMC7982432 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide with limited medications and neuroinflammation was recognized as a critical player in the progression of stroke, but how to control the overactive neuroinflammation is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we designed a novel SIRT6 activator MDL-811 which remarkably inhibited inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse microglia, which were abolished by silencing SIRT6. RNA-seq screening identified the forkhead box C1 (Foxc1) is a key gene evoked by MDL-811 stimulation and is required for the anti-inflammatory effects of MDL-811. We found MDL-811-activated SIRT6 directly interacted with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and promoted deacetylation of EZH2 which could bind to the promoter of Foxc1 and upregulate its expression to modulate inflammation. Moreover, our data demonstrated that MDL-811 not only ameliorated sickness behaviors in neuroinflammatory mice induced by LPS, but also markedly reduced the brain injury in ischemic stroke mice in addition to promoting long-term functional recovery. Importantly, MDL-811 also exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes isolated from ischemic stroke patients, underlying an interesting translational perspective. Taken together, MDL-811 could be an alternative therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke and other brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jialin Shang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chenglong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingyi Chen
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwen Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cunjin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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22
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Liu G, Chen H, Liu H, Zhang W, Zhou J. Emerging roles of SIRT6 in human diseases and its modulators. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:1089-1137. [PMID: 33325563 PMCID: PMC7906922 DOI: 10.1002/med.21753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The biological functions of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6; e.g., deacetylation, defatty-acylation, and mono-ADP-ribosylation) play a pivotal role in regulating lifespan and several fundamental processes controlling aging such as DNA repair, gene expression, and telomeric maintenance. Over the past decades, the aberration of SIRT6 has been extensively observed in diverse life-threatening human diseases. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the critical roles of SIRT6 in the onset and progression of human diseases including cancer, inflammation, diabetes, steatohepatitis, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, viral infections, renal and corneal injuries, as well as the elucidation of the related signaling pathways. Moreover, we discuss the advances in the development of small molecule SIRT6 modulators including activators and inhibitors as well as their pharmacological profiles toward potential therapeutics for SIRT6-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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23
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Gao Q. Transfer of microRNA-25 by colorectal cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles facilitates colorectal cancer development and metastasis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 23:552-564. [PMID: 33510943 PMCID: PMC7810909 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been reported to promote the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the regulatory mechanism remains uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-25 (miR-25)/sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in the contribution of EVs derived from CRC cells to progression of CRC. In a co-culture system with EVs from HCT116 and NCM460 cells, the viability, migratory, and invasive properties of SW480 and SW620 cells were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. Luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were conducted to verify the interaction among miR-25, SIRT6, lin-28 homologB (Lin28b), and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). It was established that HCT116 cell-derived EVs promoted the malignant properties of SW480 cells and SW620 cells by delivering miR-25. SIRT6 was targeted by miR-25, whereas SIRT6 inhibited NRP-1 through downregulation of Lin28b. The tumor-bearing nude mouse experiments substantiated that HCT116 cell-derived EVs transferred miR-25 to facilitate tumor formation and metastasis by inhibiting SIRT6. In summary, our study clarifies the involvement of miR-25-targeted SIRT6 inhibition and SIRT6-mediated inhibition of the Lin28b/NRP-1 axis in CRC cell-derived EVs to CRC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchao Wang
- Department of Anorectal, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zeyan Zhang
- Department of Anorectal, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Qianfu Gao
- Department of Anorectal, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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24
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Li B, Peng X, Li H, Chen F, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Le K. The performance of the alarmin HMGB1 in pediatric diseases: From lab to clinic. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:8-30. [PMID: 33140586 PMCID: PMC7860603 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ubiquitously expressed nonhistone nuclear protein high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) has different functions related to posttranslational modifications and cellular localization. In the nucleus, HMGB1 modulates gene transcription, replication and DNA repair as well as determines chromosomal architecture. When the post-transcriptional modified HMGB1 is released into the extracellular space, it triggers several physiological and pathological responses and initiates innate immunity through interacting with its reciprocal receptors (i.e., TLR4/2 and RAGE). The effect of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory activation on different systems has received increasing attention. HMGB1 is now considered to be an alarmin and participates in multiple inflammation-related diseases. In addition, HMGB1 also affects the occurrence and progression of tumors. However, most studies involving HMGB1 have been focused on adults or mature animals. Due to differences in disease characteristics between children and adults, it is necessary to clarify the role of HMGB1 in pediatric diseases. METHODS AND RESULTS Through systematic database retrieval, this review aimed to first elaborate the characteristics of HMGB1 under physiological and pathological conditions and then discuss the clinical significance of HMGB1 in the pediatric diseases according to different systems. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 plays an important role in a variety of pediatric diseases and may be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for new strategies for the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Child Health Care, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxia Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, and Rehabilitation Centre, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Yuzhong, China
| | - Yingqian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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25
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Liu F, Wang X, Geng H, Bu HF, Wang P, De Plaen IG, Yang H, Qian J, Tan XD. Interferon-γ inhibits sirtuin 6 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through a microRNA-92b-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C732-C739. [PMID: 32049548 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00335.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells in intestinal crypts. It plays an important role in protecting intestinal epithelial cells against inflammatory injury. Previously, we found that colitis is associated with the downregulation of Sirt6 protein in the intestines. Here, we report that murine interferon-γ (Ifnγ) inhibits Sirt6 protein but not mRNA expression in young adult mouse colonocytes (YAMC, a mouse colonic epithelial cell line) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Using microRNA array analysis, we showed that Ifnγ induces expression of miR-92b in YAMC cells. With in silico analysis, we found that the Sirt6 3'-untranslated region (UTR) contains a putative binding site for miR-92b. Luciferase assay showed that Ifnγ inhibited Sirt6 3'-UTR activity and this effect was mimicked by miR-92b via directly targeting the miR-92b seed site in the 3'-UTR of Sirt6 mRNA. Furthermore, Western blot demonstrated that miR-92b downregulated Sirt6 protein expression in YAMC cells. Blocking miR-92b with a specific inhibitor attenuated the inhibitory effect of Ifnγ on Sirt6 protein expression in the cells. Collectively, our data suggest that Ifnγ inhibits Sirt6 protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells via a miR-92b-mediated mechanism. miR-92b may be a novel therapeutic target for rescuing Sirt6 protein levels in intestinal epithelial cells, thereby protecting against intestinal mucosal injury caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Liu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hua Geng
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heng-Fu Bu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Peng Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Isabelle G De Plaen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Di Tan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Intestinal and Liver Inflammation Research, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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26
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Kong Q, Li Y, Liang Q, Xie J, Li X, Fang J. SIRT6-PARP1 is involved in HMGB1 polyADP-ribosylation and acetylation and promotes chemotherapy-induced autophagy in leukemia. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:320-331. [PMID: 31928132 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1702397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved non-histone chromatin-binding protein. In a previous study, we showed that treating leukemic cells with chemotherapeutic drugs leads to the translocation of HMGB1, which is involved in autophagy and ultimately promotes chemoresistance in leukemia. However, the underlying translocation mechanism of HMGB1 in chemotherapy-induced autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we showed that knockdown of SIRT6 or PARP1 gene expression significantly inhibited HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation and autophagy. Meanwhile, we found that SIRT6, an important upstream protein of PARP1, associated with PARP1, leading to the stimulation of polyADP-ribose polymerase activity. We further demonstrated that SIRT6 and PARP1 activation were required for chemotherapy-induced ADP-ribosylation of HMGB1 in leukemic cells and then influenced the acetylation of HMGB1, finally promoting the autophagy of leukemic cells mediated by HMGB1 translocation. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Targeting the HMGB1 translocation may overcome autophagy-related chemoresistance in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, TheThird Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yunyao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Liang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jianpei Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, P.R. China
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27
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Ma Q, Zhang Z, Shim JK, Venkatraman TN, Lascola CD, Quinones QJ, Mathew JP, Terrando N, Podgoreanu MV. Annexin A1 Bioactive Peptide Promotes Resolution of Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Exsanguinating Cardiac Arrest Treated by Emergency Preservation and Resuscitation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:608. [PMID: 31258464 PMCID: PMC6587399 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation initiated by damage-associated molecular patterns, including high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), has been implicated in adverse neurological outcomes following lethal hemorrhagic shock and polytrauma. Emergency preservation and resuscitation (EPR) is a novel method of resuscitation for victims of exsanguinating cardiac arrest, shown in preclinical studies to improve survival with acceptable neurological recovery. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), the primary mitochondrial deacetylase, has emerged as a key regulator of metabolic and energy stress response pathways in the brain and a pharmacological target to induce a neuronal pro-survival phenotype. This study aims to examine whether systemic administration of an Annexin-A1 bioactive peptide (ANXA1sp) could resolve neuroinflammation and induce sirtuin-3 regulated cytoprotective pathways in a novel rat model of exsanguinating cardiac arrest and EPR. Adult male rats underwent hemorrhagic shock and ventricular fibrillation, induction of profound hypothermia, followed by resuscitation and rewarming using cardiopulmonary bypass (EPR). Animals randomly received ANXA1sp (3 mg/kg, in divided doses) or vehicle. Neuroinflammation (HMGB1, TNFα, IL-6, and IL-10 levels), cerebral cell death (TUNEL, caspase-3, pro and antiapoptotic protein levels), and neurologic scores were assessed to evaluate the inflammation resolving effects of ANXA1sp following EPR. Furthermore, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to interrogate the mechanisms involved. Compared to vehicle controls, ANXA1sp effectively reduced expression of cerebral HMGB1, IL-6, and TNFα and increased IL-10 expression, which were associated with improved neurological scores. ANXA1sp reversed EPR-induced increases in expression of proapoptotic protein Bax and reduction in antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, with a corresponding decrease in cerebral levels of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, ANXA1sp induced autophagic flux (increased LC3II and reduced p62 expression) in the brain. Mechanistically, these findings were accompanied by upregulation of the mitochondrial protein deacetylase Sirtuin-3, and its downstream targets FOXO3a and MnSOD in ANXA1sp-treated animals. Our data provide new evidence that engaging pro-resolving pharmacological strategies such as Annexin-A1 biomimetic peptides can effectively attenuate neuroinflammation and enhance the neuroprotective effects of EPR after exsanguinating cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Systems Modeling of Perioperative Organ Injury Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Christopher D Lascola
- Departments of Radiology and Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Quintin J Quinones
- Systems Modeling of Perioperative Organ Injury Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.,Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mihai V Podgoreanu
- Systems Modeling of Perioperative Organ Injury Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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28
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Autophagy as a Homeostatic Mechanism in Response to Stress Conditions in the Central Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6594-6608. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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30
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Zhang L, Han B, Xiang J, Liu K, Dong H, Gao X. Silica nanoparticle releases SIRT6-induced epigenetic silencing of follistatin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:27-34. [PMID: 29246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) plays a protective role during silica nanoparticle (SiO2 NP) exposure. SiO2 NP treatment induces FST transcription with an unknown mechanism. We herein reported that SIRT6, one of the sirtuin family members, induced epigenetic silencing of FST. The expression of FST was elevated after SIRT6 knockdown while reduced after SIRT6 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a direct interaction between SIRT6 with FST promoter. Knockdown of SIRT6 increased both Ac-H3K9 level and Ac-H3K56 level at FST promoter region. SiO2 NP treatment de-stabilized SIRT6 mRNA and reduced SIRT6 expression, leading to the activation of FST transcription. Finally, over-expression of SIRT6 increased SiO2 NP-induced apoptosis. Collectively, this study provided evidence that SIRT6 is a negative regulator of FST transcription and participates in the regulation of cell survival during silica nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingda Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangli Liu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangwei Gao
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Sirtuin 6 protects the brain from cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through NRF2 activation. Neuroscience 2017; 366:95-104. [PMID: 28951325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the sirtuin family of NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases, has been shown to produce beneficial effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the role of SIRT6 in cerebral I/R is largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of SIRT6 overexpression in regulating I/R injury in a mouse cerebral I/R model in vivo and in oxygen-glucose-deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-stimulated neuro-2a neuroblastoma cells in vitro. We found that cerebral I/R (1 h/24 h) resulted in decreased SIRT6 expression in the cerebral cortex (P < 0.01). SIRT6 overexpression in the brain by in vivo gene transfer enhanced the antioxidant NRF2 signaling (P < 0.05), reduced oxidative stress (P < 0.05), and attenuated cerebral I/R-induced brain tissue damage and neurological deficits (P < 0.05). These neuroprotective effects of SIRT6 overexpression were abolished in NRF2 knockout mice. In neuro-2A neuroblastoma cells, SIRT6 overexpression increased total and nuclear NRF2 levels (P < 0.05), reduced oxidative stress (P < 0.05), and attenuated OGD/R-induced cell death (P < 0.05); these protective effects were blocked by NRF2 knockdown (P < 0.05). Moreover, in OGD/R-stimulated neuro-2A cells, SIRT6 overexpression produced similar protective effects to those induced by the antioxidant NAC, but no added benefits were detected when SIRT6 overexpression was used in combination with NAC (P > 0.05). These findings provide evidence that SIRT6 can protect the brain from cerebral I/R injury by suppressing oxidative stress via NRF2 activation. Thus, SIRT6 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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32
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Ciarlo E, Heinonen T, Théroude C, Herderschee J, Mombelli M, Lugrin J, Pfefferlé M, Tyrrell B, Lensch S, Acha-Orbea H, Le Roy D, Auwerx J, Roger T. Sirtuin 2 Deficiency Increases Bacterial Phagocytosis by Macrophages and Protects from Chronic Staphylococcal Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1037. [PMID: 28894448 PMCID: PMC5581327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is one of the seven members of the family of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases. Sirtuins target histones and non-histone proteins according to their subcellular localization, influencing various biological processes. SIRT2 resides mainly in the cytoplasm and regulates cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle, and metabolic pathways. As such, SIRT2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, metabolic, oncologic, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This motivated the development of SIRT2-directed therapies for clinical purposes. However, the impact of SIRT2 on antimicrobial host defense is largely unknown. Here, we address this question using SIRT2 knockout mice. We show that SIRT2 is the most highly expressed sirtuin in myeloid cells, especially macrophages. SIRT2 deficiency does not affect immune cell development and marginally impacts on intracellular signaling and cytokine production by splenocytes and macrophages. However, SIRT2 deficiency enhances bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages. In line with these observations, in preclinical models, SIRT2 deficiency increases survival of mice with chronic staphylococcal infection, while having no effect on the course of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, LPS or TNF-induced shock, fulminant Escherichia coli peritonitis, sub-lethal Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, and chronic candidiasis. Altogether, these data support the safety profile of SIRT2 inhibitors under clinical development in terms of susceptibility to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Ciarlo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tytti Heinonen
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Théroude
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jacobus Herderschee
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Mombelli
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lugrin
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Marc Pfefferlé
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tyrrell
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lensch
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hans Acha-Orbea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Didier Le Roy
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory for Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Roger
- Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Epalinges, Switzerland
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She DT, Jo DG, Arumugam TV. Emerging Roles of Sirtuins in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:10.1007/s12975-017-0544-4. [PMID: 28656393 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is characterized by a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain causing cell death and damage, which will lead to neurological impairments. In the current state, only one drug is approved to be used in clinical setting and new therapies that confer ischemic neuroprotection are desperately needed. Several targets and pathways have been indicated to be neuroprotective in ischemic stroke, among which the sirtuin family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases has emerged as important modulators of several processes in the normal physiology and pathological conditions such as stroke. Recent studies have identified some members of the sirtuin family are able to ameliorate the devastating consequences of ischemic stroke by conferring neuroprotection by means of reducing neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation whereas some sirtuins are found to be detrimental in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. This review summarizes implications of sirtuins in ischemic stroke and the experimental evidences that demonstrate the potential of sirtuin modulators as neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T She
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health SystemSingapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Narne P, Pandey V, Simhadri PK, Phanithi PB. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 hyperactivation in neurodegenerative diseases: The death knell tolls for neurons. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:154-166. [PMID: 27867042 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a salient feature of chronic refractory brain disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and acute conditions like cerebral ischemia/reperfusion etc. The pathological protein aggregates, mitochondrial mutations or ischemic insults typifying these disease conditions collude with and intensify existing oxidative stress and attendant mitochondrial dysfunction. Interlocking these mechanisms is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) hyperactivation that invokes a distinct form of neuronal cell death viz., 'parthanatos'. PARP-1, a typical 'moonlighting protein' by virtue of its ability to poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate a plethora of cellular proteins exerts diverse functions that impinge significantly on cellular processes. In addition, its interactions with various nuclear proteins like transcription factors and chromatin modifiers elicit varied transcriptional outcomes that wield pathological cellular responses. Further, emerging leitmotifs like mitochondrial and nucleolar PARPs and the novel aspects of gene expression regulation by PARP-1 and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation can provide a holistic view of PARP-1's influence on cell vitality. In this review, we discuss the pathological underpinnings of PARP-1, with a special emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death subroutines, in the realm of neurodegeneration. This would provide a deeper insight into the functions of PARP-1 in neurodegenerative conditions that would enable the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Narne
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Vimal Pandey
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Morris-Blanco KC, Dave KR, Saul I, Koronowski KB, Stradecki HM, Perez-Pinzon MA. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Promotes Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance Via Modulation of Mitochondrial Sirt5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29790. [PMID: 27435822 PMCID: PMC4951704 DOI: 10.1038/srep29790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) is a mitochondrial-localized NAD(+)-dependent lysine desuccinylase and a major regulator of the mitochondrial succinylome. We wanted to determine whether SIRT5 is activated by protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε)-mediated increases in mitochondrial Nampt and whether SIRT5 regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics and neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia. In isolated mitochondria from rat cortical cultures, PKCε activation increased SIRT5 levels and desuccinylation activity in a Nampt-dependent manner. PKCε activation did not lead to significant modifications in SIRT3 activity, the major mitochondrial lysine deacetylase. Assessments of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the cortex of wild type (WT) and SIRT5-/- mice revealed that SIRT5 regulates oxygen consumption in the presence of complex I, complex II, and complex IV substrates. To explore the potential role of SIRT5 in PKCε-mediated protection, we compared WT and SIRT5-/- mice by employing both in vitro and in vivo ischemia paradigms. PKCε-mediated decreases in cell death following oxygen-glucose deprivation were abolished in cortical cultures harvested from SIRT5-/- mice. Furthermore, PKCε failed to prevent cortical degeneration following MCAO in SIRT5-/- mice. Collectively this demonstrates that SIRT5 is an important mitochondrial enzyme for protection against metabolic and ischemic stress following PKCε activation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlilia C. Morris-Blanco
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R. Dave
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isabel Saul
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Holly M. Stradecki
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Mitochondrial function in hypoxic ischemic injury and influence of aging. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 157:92-116. [PMID: 27321753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a major target in hypoxic/ischemic injury. Mitochondrial impairment increases with age leading to dysregulation of molecular pathways linked to mitochondria. The perturbation of mitochondrial homeostasis and cellular energetics worsens outcome following hypoxic-ischemic insults in elderly individuals. In response to acute injury conditions, cellular machinery relies on rapid adaptations by modulating posttranslational modifications. Therefore, post-translational regulation of molecular mediators such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator α (PGC-1α), c-MYC, SIRT1 and AMPK play a critical role in the control of the glycolytic-mitochondrial energy axis in response to hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The deficiency of oxygen and nutrients leads to decreased energetic reliance on mitochondria, promoting glycolysis. The combination of pseudohypoxia, declining autophagy, and dysregulation of stress responses with aging adds to impaired host response to hypoxic-ischemic injury. Furthermore, intermitochondrial signal propagation and tissue wide oscillations in mitochondrial metabolism in response to oxidative stress are emerging as vital to cellular energetics. Recently reported intercellular transport of mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes also play a role in the response to and treatments for ischemic injury. In this review we attempt to provide an overview of some of the molecular mechanisms and potential therapies involved in the alteration of cellular energetics with aging and injury with a neurobiological perspective.
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Shao J, Yang X, Liu T, Zhang T, Xie QR, Xia W. Autophagy induction by SIRT6 is involved in oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Protein Cell 2016; 7:281-290. [PMID: 26983852 PMCID: PMC4818841 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase and has been implicated in the regulation of genomic stability, DNA repair, metabolic homeostasis and several diseases. The effect of SIRT6 in cerebral ischemia and oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) has been reported, however the role of SIRT6 in oxidative stress damage remains unclear. Here we used SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and found that overexpression of SIRT6 led to decreased cell viability and increased necrotic cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress. Mechanistic study revealed that SIRT6 induced autophagy via attenuation of AKT signaling and treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or knockdown of autophagy-related protein Atg5 rescued H2O2-induced neuronal injury. Conversely, SIRT6 inhibition suppressed autophagy and reduced oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. These results suggest that SIRT6 might be a potential therapeutic target for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tengyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qian Reuben Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Weiliang Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wang L, Ma L, Pang S, Huang J, Yan B. Sequence Variants of SIRT6 Gene Promoter in Myocardial Infarction. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:185-90. [PMID: 26886147 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Coronary artery disease (CAD), including myocardial infarction (MI), is a common complex disease caused by atherosclerosis. Although more than 50 genetic variants have been associated with CAD, these loci collectively account for only 10% of CAD cases. Genetic variants of low and rare frequencies have been proposed as the main causes of CAD. SIRT6, one of the highly conserved NAD-dependent class III deacetylases, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Considering the important roles that SIRT6 plays in the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism, genetic variants were hypothesized to contribute to MI development. METHODS The promoter regions of the SIRT6 gene were genetically analyzed in large cohorts of MI patients (n = 371) and ethnically-matched controls (n = 383). RESULTS A total of 15 DNA sequence variants (DSVs) were identified, including seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Two novel heterozygous DSVs, g.4183823G>C and g.4183742G>A, were identified in two MI patients but in none of the controls. Two SNPs, g.4183685T>C (rs4359565) and g.4182942C>A (rs3760905), were found in MI patients with significantly higher frequencies compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These DSVs identified in MI patients may alter the transcriptional activity of the SIRT6 gene promoter and alter SIRT6 levels which might contribute to the risk of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekun Wang
- 1 College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University , Jining, China
| | - Ling Ma
- 2 Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- 3 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining, China
| | - Jian Huang
- 3 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- 3 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining, China .,4 Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University , Jining, China
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40
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Feng J, Yan PF, Zhao HY, Zhang FC, Zhao WH, Feng M. SIRT6 suppresses glioma cell growth via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of oxidative stress and suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1395-402. [PMID: 26648570 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the mammalian NAD+‑dependent deacetylase sirtuin family that acts to maintain genomic stability and to repress genes. SIRT6 has recently been reported to be a tumor suppressor that controls cancer metabolism, although this effect of SIRT6 is still in dispute. Moreover, the role of SIRT6 in glioma is largely unknown. In the present study, we found that overexpression of SIRT6 using an adenovirus inhibited glioma cell growth and induced marked cell injury in two glioma cell lines (U87‑MG and T98G). Fluorescent terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‑mediated biotin‑16‑dUTP nick‑end labelling (TUNEL) assay showed that SIRT6 overexpression induced obvious apoptosis in the T98G glioma cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that SIRT6 overexpression promoted the mitochondrial-to‑nuclear translocation of apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF), a potent apoptosis inducer. Moreover, we found that SIRT6 overexpression largely reduced oxidative stress and suppressed the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in glioma cells. Finally, we showed that SIRT6 mRNA and protein levels in human glioblastoma multiforme tissues were significantly lower than the levels in peritumor tissues. In summary, our data suggest that SIRT6 suppresses glioma cell growth via induction of apoptosis, inhibition of oxidative stress and inhibition of the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These results indicate that SIRT6 may be a promising therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wo-Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), neurons and glia are derived from multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) undergoing self-renewal. NSC commitment and differentiation are tightly controlled by intrinsic and external regulatory mechanisms in space- and time-related fashions. SIRT1, a silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) ortholog, is expressed in several areas of the brain and has been reported to be involved in the self-renewal, multipotency, and fate determination of NSCs. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 in the determination of the final fate of NSCs. This review summarizes the roles of SIRT1 in the expansion and differentiation of NSCs, specification of neuronal subtypes and glial cells, and reprogramming of functional neurons from embryonic stem cells and fibroblasts. This review also discusses potential signaling pathways through which SIRT1 can exhibit versatile functions in NSCs to regulate the cell fate decisions of neurons and glia.
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43
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Hu Y, Li R, Yang H, Luo H, Chen Z. Sirtuin 6 is essential for sodium sulfide-mediated cytoprotective effect in ischemia/reperfusion-stimulated brain endothelial cells. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 24:601-9. [PMID: 25543188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our recent data demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third gaseous transmitter, had a protective effect on stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of H2S in oxygen glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-stimulated brain endothelial cells and its association with sirtuin 6 (SIRT6). METHODS Cultured bEnd.3 brain endothelial cells were exposed to OGD/R. The effects of sodium sulfide (Na2S, an exogenous H2S donor) on cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, H2S level, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) expression, and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) expression/activity were tested to elucidate the protective mechanisms of H2S. RESULTS Application of Na2S concentration dependently reduced OGD/R-induced cell death, accompanying with decreasing intracellular ROS production and increasing activities of SOD and CAT. In addition, Na2S also enhanced H2S level and CSE expression associated with upregulation of SIRT6 expression and activity in OGD/R-stimulated brain endothelial cells, whereas CSE inhibitor DL-propargylglycine further deteriorated the decrease of SIRT6 expression and activity as well as the reduction of H2S level and CSE expression caused by OGD/R. Furthermore, SIRT6 knockdown abolished Na2S-mediated CSE expression and cytoprotection action in OGD/R-stimulated cells. CONCLUSIONS Na2S protected brain endothelial cells against simulated ischemic injury through SIRT6-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhiwu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kang R, Chen R, Zhang Q, Hou W, Wu S, Cao L, Huang J, Yu Y, Fan XG, Yan Z, Sun X, Wang H, Wang Q, Tsung A, Billiar TR, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. HMGB1 in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 40:1-116. [PMID: 25010388 PMCID: PMC4254084 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Qiuhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Wen Hou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Lizhi Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xue-Gong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA; Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Experimental Department of Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510510, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Qingde Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Herbert J Zeh
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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Cardinale A, de Stefano MC, Mollinari C, Racaniello M, Garaci E, Merlo D. Biochemical characterization of sirtuin 6 in the brain and its involvement in oxidative stress response. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:59-69. [PMID: 25366464 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1465-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase protein family and has been implicated in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism, cancer, genomic stability and DNA repair. Moreover, SIRT6 regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in stress response and aging. The role of SIRT6 in brain function and neuronal survival is largely unknown. Here, we biochemically characterized SIRT6 in brain tissues and primary neuronal cultures and found that it is highly expressed in cortical and hippocampal regions and enriched in the synaptosomal membrane fraction. Immunoblotting analysis on cortical and hippocampal neurons showed that SIRT6 is downregulated during maturation in vitro, reaching the lowest expression at 11 days in vitro. In addition, SIRT6 overexpression in terminally differentiated cortical and hippocampal neurons, mediated by a neuron-specific recombinant adeno-associated virus, downregulated cell viability under oxidative stress condition. By contrast, under control condition, SIRT6 overexpression had no detrimental effect. Overall these results suggest that SIRT6 may play a role in synaptic function and neuronal maturation and it may be implicated in the regulation of neuronal survival.
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46
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Sahin K, Yilmaz S, Gozukirmizi N. Changes in human sirtuin 6 gene promoter methylation during aging. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:574-578. [PMID: 24944811 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process during which changes at the cellular level increase death risk by developing susceptibility to a variety of diseases. Sirtuins have been shown to regulate lifespan in various organisms by deacetylating a number of important transcription factors. Of the 7 identified mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7), SIRT6 depletion is associated with severe symptoms of premature aging. In this study, we investigated the association between human longevity and SIRT6 promoter methylation. Genomic DNA from blood samples of 55 individuals (34 females and 21 males) was examined to detect methylation levels by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis following bisulfite treatment. While the results indicated 43.21% methylation in the 9-19 age group, this ratio was found to be increased up to 65.63% in the 20-79 age group and decreased to 52.15% in the 80-95 age group. Our results demonstrated that the SIRT6 gene is more active between 9-19 and 80-95 years compared to 20-79 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniye Sahin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34118 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34118 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nermin Gozukirmizi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34118 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Favero G, Rezzani R, Rodella LF. Sirtuin 6 nuclear localization at cortical brain level of young diabetic mice: an immunohistochemical study. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:272-7. [PMID: 24063863 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the physiopathological significance of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) at the brain cortical level. We analyzed the specific expression and subcellular localization of SIRT6 in young db/db mice, an experimental animal model of type II Diabetes mellitus. We analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the brain cortex, evaluated SIRT6 expression and its localization by immunohistochemistry comparing db/db mice to lean control mice, examining the six cortical layers and the motor and somatosensory cortex. Finally, we calculated a SIRT6 labeling index. We observed the absence of significant morphological differences between lean and db/db mice, indicating that young db/db mice showed a neuronal morphology and distribution similar to that of lean mice and also normal brain tissue architecture with intact cortical layers. Moreover, sirtuin 6 is mainly localized in the nucleus of both lean and db/db mice. In particular, the db/db mice showed few positive cells compared to lean control mice in all cortical layers. We found a lower sirtuin 6 labeling index without significant differences between the motor and somatosensory cortex. Our findings contribute to further understanding the sirtuin 6 immunohistochemical changes in the early stages of type II Diabetes mellitus and propose its possible implication in the pathogenic processes associated with Diabetes mellitus and diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.
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