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Li W, Li Y, Shi H, Wang H, Ji K, Zhang L, Wang Y, Dong Y, Li Y. ZmMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, regulates maize kernel weight. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3287-3299. [PMID: 38457358 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Kernel weight is a critical agronomic trait in maize production. Many genes are related to kernel weight but only a few of them have been applied to maize breeding and cultivation. Here, we identify a novel function of maize mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (ZmMPK6) in the regulation of maize kernel weight. Kernel weight was reduced in zmmpk6 mutants and increased in ZmMPK6-overexpressing lines. In addition, starch granules, starch content, protein content, and grain-filling characteristics were also affected by the ZmMPK6 expression level. ZmMPK6 is mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, widely distributed across various tissues, and is expressed during kernel development, which is consistent with its role in kernel weight. Thus, these results provide new insights into the role of ZmMPK6, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, in maize kernel weight, and could be applied to further molecular breeding for kernel quality and yield in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Huiyue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Kun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yongbin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake Campus, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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Zhu X, Li W, Zhang N, Jin H, Duan H, Chen Z, Chen S, Wang Q, Tang J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Si H. StMAPKK5 responds to heat stress by regulating potato growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defenses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1392425. [PMID: 38817936 PMCID: PMC11137293 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Backgrounds As a conserved signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade regulates cellular signaling in response to abiotic stress. High temperature may contribute to a significant decrease in economic yield. However, research into the expression patterns of StMAPKK family genes under high temperature is limited and lacks experimental validation regarding their role in supporting potato plant growth. Methods To trigger heat stress responses, potato plants were grown at 35°C. qRT-PCR was conducted to analyze the expression pattern of StMAPKK family genes in potato plants. Plant with StMAPKK5 loss-of-function and gain-of-function were developed. Potato growth and morphological features were assessed through measures of plant height, dry weight, and fresh weight. The antioxidant ability of StMAPKK5 was indicated by antioxidant enzyme activity and H2O2 content. Cell membrane integrity and permeability were suggested by relative electrical conductivity (REC), and contents of MDA and proline. Photosynthetic capacity was next determined. Further, mRNA expression of heat stress-responsive genes and antioxidant enzyme genes was examined. Results In reaction to heat stress, the expression profiles of StMAPKK family genes were changed. The StMAPKK5 protein is located to the nucleus, cytoplasm and cytomembrane, playing a role in controlling the height and weight of potato plants under heat stress conditions. StMAPKK5 over-expression promoted photosynthesis and maintained cell membrane integrity, while inhibited transpiration and stomatal conductance under heat stress. Overexpression of StMAPKK5 triggered biochemical defenses in potato plant against heat stress, modulating the levels of H2O2, MDA and proline, as well as the antioxidant activities of CAT, SOD and POD. Overexpression of StMAPKK5 elicited genetic responses in potato plants to heat stress, affecting heat stress-responsive genes and genes encoding antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion StMAPKK5 can improve the resilience of potato plants to heat stress-induced damage, offering a promising approach for engineering potatoes with enhanced adaptability to challenging heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Hainan Province for Postharvest Physiology and Technology of Tropical Horticultural Products, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Zhu S, Mo Y, Yang Y, Liang S, Xian S, Deng Z, Zhao M, Liu S, Liu K. Genome-wide identification of MAPK family in papaya (Carica papaya) and their involvement in fruit postharvest ripening. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:68. [PMID: 38262956 PMCID: PMC10807106 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya (Carica papaya) is an economically important fruit cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of China. However, the rapid softening rate after postharvest leads to a short shelf-life and considerable economic losses. Accordingly, understanding the mechanisms underlying fruit postharvest softening will be a reasonable way to maintain fruit quality and extend its shelf-life. RESULTS Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are conserved and play essential roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the MAPK family remain poorly studied in papaya. Here, a total of nine putative CpMAPK members were identified within papaya genome, and a comprehensive genome-wide characterization of the CpMAPKs was performed, including evolutionary relationships, conserved domains, gene structures, chromosomal locations, cis-regulatory elements and expression profiles in response to phytohormone and antioxidant organic compound treatments during fruit postharvest ripening. Our findings showed that nearly all CpMAPKs harbored the conserved P-loop, C-loop and activation loop domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CpMAPK members could be categorized into four groups (A-D), with the members within the same groups displaying high similarity in protein domains and intron-exon organizations. Moreover, a number of cis-acting elements related to hormone signaling, circadian rhythm, or low-temperature stresses were identified in the promoters of CpMAPKs. Notably, gene expression profiles demonstrated that CpMAPKs exhibited various responses to 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and the combined ascorbic acid (AsA) and chitosan (CTS) treatments during papaya postharvest ripening. Among them, both CpMAPK9 and CpMAPK20 displayed significant induction in papaya flesh by ethephon treatment, and were pronounced inhibition after AsA and CTS treatments at 16 d compared to those of natural ripening control, suggesting that they potentially involve in fruit postharvest ripening through ethylene signaling pathway or modulating cell wall metabolism. CONCLUSION This study will provide some valuable insights into future functional characterization of CpMAPKs, and hold great potential for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying papaya fruit postharvest ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxing Mo
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Liang
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqi Xian
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaoyu Zhao
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Ma C, Kang X, Pei ZQ, Bai X, Wang J, Zheng S, Zhang TG. Identification and expression analysis of MAPK cascade gene family in foxtail millet ( Setaria italica). PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2246228. [PMID: 37585594 PMCID: PMC10435010 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2023.2246228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade pathway is a highly conserved plant cell signaling pathway that plays an important role in plant growth and development and stress response. Currently, MAPK cascade genes have been identified and reported in a variety of plants including Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Triticum aestivum, but have not been identified in foxtail millet (Setaria italica). In this study, a total of 93 MAPK cascade genes, including 15 SiMAPKs, 10 SiMAPKKs and 68 SiMAPKKKs genes, were identified by genome-wide analysis of foxtail millet, and these genes were distributed on nine chromosomes of foxtail millet. Using phylogenetic analysis, we divided the SiMAPKs and SiMAPKKs into four subgroups, respectively, and the SiMAPKKKs into three subgroups (Raf, ZIK, and MEKK). Whole-genome duplication analysis revealed that there are 14 duplication pairs in the MAPK cascade family in foxtail millet, and they are expanded by segmental replication events. Results from quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the expression levels of most SiMAPKs and SiMAPKKs were changed under both exogenous hormone and abiotic stress treatments, with SiMAPK3 and SiMAPKK4-2 being induced under almost all treatments, while the expression of SiMAPKK5 was repressed. In a nutshell, this study will shed some light on the evolution of MAPK cascade genes and the functional mechanisms underlying MAPK cascade genes in response to hormonal and abiotic stress signaling pathways in foxtail millet (Setaria italica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Pei
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Teng-Guo Zhang
- Laboratory of plant molecular physiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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Yajnik KN, Gupta SRR, Taneja M, Singh IK, Singh A. Deciphering mitogen activated protein kinase pathway activated during insect attack in Nicotiana attenuata. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37811559 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2263795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant yields are compromised due to abiotic and biotic stresses. A crucial biotic stress instigated by insect attack, is a major concern that limits crop production. To overcome the deleterious effect of herbivory, pesticides are used but long-term usage of pesticides can be harmful to the environment and human health. Understanding the plants' inherent defense mechanism by interpreting the interaction pattern of defense-related proteins and signalling components and manipulating them to strengthen defense status, is one of the alternative approaches of green biotechnology. During insect attack, host plants initiate innumerable signalling pathways to activate defense response; Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Pathway is a crucial component of signalling pathway that regulate the expression of downstream defense-related genes. MAPK pathway has three components: MAPKKK, MAPKK and MAPK. Earlier studies have shown participation of SIPK and WIPK (MAPKs) as well as MEK2 (MAPKK) during insect infestation and its association with plant defense. However, information on the third component and elucidation of the complete MAPK pathway are still elusive. Therefore, this study aims to identify the unknown component and decipher MAPK pathway in Nicotiana attenuata involved in plant defense against herbivory by identifying herbivory-inducible MAPKKKs and and their interaction with known partners of the MAPK pathway by docking and MD simulation. The possible pathway was predicted to be MAPKKK Na12134/Na04522-MEK2-SIPK/WIPK. Further, validation of the above interaction by in vitro and in vivo methods is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Nath Yajnik
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shradheya R R Gupta
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Taneja
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Espindula E, Sperb ER, Moz B, Pankievicz VCS, Tuleski TR, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Bonato P, Scheid C, Merib J, de Souza EM, Passaglia LMP. Effects on gene expression during maize-Azospirillum interaction in the presence of a plant-specific inhibitor of indole-3-acetic acid production. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20230100. [PMID: 37725833 PMCID: PMC10510588 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst the sustainable alternatives to increase maize production is the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Azospirillum brasilense is one of the most well-known PGPB being able to fix nitrogen and produce phytohormones, especially indole-3-acetic acid - IAA. This work investigated if there is any contribution of the bacterium to the plant's IAA levels, and how it affects the plant. To inhibit plant IAA production, yucasin, an inhibitor of the TAM/YUC pathway, was applied. Plantlets' IAA concentration was evaluated through HPLC and dual RNA-Seq was used to analyze gene expression. Statistical differences between the group treated with yucasin and the other groups showed that A. brasilense inoculation was able to prevent the phenotype caused by yucasin concerning the number of lateral roots. Genes involved in the auxin and ABA response pathways, auxin efflux transport, and the cell cycle were regulated by the presence of the bacterium, yucasin, or both. Genes involved in the response to biotic/abiotic stress, plant disease resistance, and a D-type cellulose synthase changed their expression pattern among two sets of comparisons in which A. brasilense acted as treatment. The results suggest that A. brasilense interferes with the expression of many maize genes through an IAA-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliandro Espindula
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de
Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e
Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Edilena Reis Sperb
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de
Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e
Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Brenda Moz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de
Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e
Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vânia Carla Silva Pankievicz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico,
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thalita Regina Tuleski
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico,
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelle Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico,
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paloma Bonato
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico,
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Camila Scheid
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA),
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Josias Merib
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA),
Departamento de Farmacociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Porto
Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro Politécnico,
Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Pereira Passaglia
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Instituto de
Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e
Biologia Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Wen Z, Li M, Meng J, Miao R, Liu X, Fan D, Lv W, Cheng T, Zhang Q, Sun L. Genome-Wide Identification of the MAPK and MAPKK Gene Families in Response to Cold Stress in Prunus mume. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108829. [PMID: 37240174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases of the MAPK cascade family (MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK) play an essential role in plant stress response and hormone signal transduction. However, their role in the cold hardiness of Prunus mume (Mei), a class of ornamental woody plant, remains unclear. In this study, we use bioinformatic approaches to assess and analyze two related protein kinase families, namely, MAP kinases (MPKs) and MAPK kinases (MKKs), in wild P. mume and its variety P. mume var. tortuosa. We identify 11 PmMPK and 7 PmMKK genes in the former species and 12 PmvMPK and 7 PmvMKK genes in the latter species, and we investigate whether and how these gene families contribute to cold stress responses. Members of the MPK and MKK gene families located on seven and four chromosomes of both species are free of tandem duplication. Four, three, and one segment duplication events are exhibited in PmMPK, PmvMPK, and PmMKK, respectively, suggesting that segment duplications play an essential role in the expansion and evolution of P. mume and its gene variety. Moreover, synteny analysis suggests that most MPK and MKK genes have similar origins and involved similar evolutionary processes in P. mume and its variety. A cis-acting regulatory element analysis shows that MPK and MKK genes may function in P. mume and its variety's development, modulating processes such as light response, anaerobic induction, and abscisic acid response as well as responses to a variety of stresses, such as low temperature and drought. Most PmMPKs and PmMKKs exhibited tissue-specifific expression patterns, as well as time-specific expression patterns that protect them through cold. In a low-temperature treatment experiment with the cold-tolerant cultivar P. mume 'Songchun' and the cold-sensitive cultivar 'Lve', we find that almost all PmMPK and PmMKK genes, especially PmMPK3/5/6/20 and PmMKK2/3/6, dramatically respond to cold stress as treatment duration increases. This study introduces the possibility that these family members contribute to P. mume's cold stress response. Further investigation is warranted to understand the mechanistic functions of MAPK and MAPKK proteins in P. mume development and response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Runtian Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongqing Fan
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tangren Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Identification and Expression Analysis of MPK and MKK Gene Families in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315190. [PMID: 36499523 PMCID: PMC9737717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases consist of three kinase modules composed of MPKs, MKKs, and MPKKKs. As members of the protein kinase (PK) superfamily, they are involved in various processes, such as developmental programs, cell division, hormonal progression, and signaling responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a total of 18 MPKs and 10 MKKs were annotated on the pecan genome, all of which could be classified into four subgroups, respectively. The gene structures and conserved sequences of family members in the same branch were relatively similar. All MPK proteins had a conserved motif TxY, and D(L/I/V)K and VGTxxYMSPER existed in all MKK proteins. Duplication events contributed largely to the expansion of the pecan MPK and MKK gene families. Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences from six plants indicated that species evolution occurred in pecan. Organ-specific expression profiles of MPK and MKK showed functional diversity. Ka/Ks values indicated that all genes with duplicated events underwent strong negative selection. Seven CiPawMPK and four CiPawMKK genes with high expression levels were screened by transcriptomic data from different organs, and these candidates were validated by qRT-PCR analysis of hormone-treated and stressed samples.
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Wang J, Sun Z, Chen C, Xu M. The MKK2a Gene Involved in the MAPK Signaling Cascades Enhances Populus Salt Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710185. [PMID: 36077589 PMCID: PMC9456161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signal transduction modules, which transmit environmental signals in plant cells through stepwise phosphorylation and play indispensable roles in a wide range of physiological and biochemical processes. Here, we isolated and characterized a gene encoding MKK2 protein from poplar through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length PeMKK2a gene was 1571 bp, including a 1068 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 355 amino acids, and the putative PeMKK2a protein belongs to the PKc_like (protein kinase domain) family (70–336 amino acids) in the PKc_MAPKK_plant subfamily and contains 62 sites of possible phosphorylation and two conserved domains, DLK and S/T-xxxxx-S/T. Detailed information about its gene structure, sequence similarities, subcellular localization, and transcript profiles under salt-stress conditions was revealed. Transgenic poplar lines overexpressing PeMKK2a exhibited higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) than non-transgenic poplar under salt stress conditions. These results will provide insight into the roles of MAPK signaling cascades in poplar response to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meng Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-150-9430-7586
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10
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Shi Z, Zhao B, Song W, Liu Y, Zhou M, Wang J, Zhao J, Ren W. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the MAPKKK, MKK, and MPK families in Chinese elite maize inbred line Huangzaosi. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20216. [PMID: 35535627 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MPK) cascades consist of three protein kinase components, MAPK kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), MAPK kinases (MKKs and MPKs), which are indispensable for various plant physiological processes. The functions of MAPK families have been extensively studied in maize (Zea mays L.) and other plant species, but little is known about MAPK families in the elite Chinese maize line Huangzaosi (hzs). In this study, we observed that overall performance of Huangzaosi was substantially better than that of B73 under drought conditions at the seedling and V16 stages with a favorable root/canopy ratio. In silico analyses identified 72, 10, and 24 MAPKKKs, MKKs, and MPKs, respectively, in Huangzaosi. Examinations of phylogenetic relationships among Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (lines B73 and hzs), gene structures, conserved protein motifs, and chromosomal locations revealed their evolutionary relationships. The basal gene expression levels and tissue specificities of all three MAPK families in hzs reflected the diversity in the MAPK functions related to growth and development. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay indicated that certain MAPK genes with high basal expression levels in the primary and crown roots responded differentially to drought between B73 and hzs, suggesting that these genes may contribute to their distinct drought tolerance at different developmental stages. The important information regarding the evolution and expression of hzs MAPK family members generated in this study provides a new avenue for the better understanding on the regulatory mechanism of MAPK cascade in the core inbred line hzs, which may be useful to guide the development of new maize cultivars with desirable traits (e.g., drought resistance).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Beijing, 100097, China
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11
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Li M, Li B, Yang M, Wang L, Hou G, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, He W, Wang X, Tang H, Yang G, Luo Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression of MAPK Gene Family in Cultivated Strawberry and Their Involvement in Fruit Developing and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095201. [PMID: 35563593 PMCID: PMC9104773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on many plants have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key proteins involved in regulating plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their involvement in cultivated strawberry development and ripening remains unclear. In this study, 43 FaMAPK gene family members were identified in the genome of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), phylogenetic analysis indicated that FaMAPKs could be classified into four groups. Systematic analysis of the conserved motif, exon-intron structure showed that there were significant varieties between different groups in structure, but in the same group they were similar. Multiple cis-regulatory elements associated with phytohormone response, and abiotic and biotic stresses were predicted in the promoter regions of FaMAPK genes. Transcriptional analysis showed that all FaMAPK genes were expressed at all developmental stages. Meanwhile, the effect of exogenous ABA and sucrose on the expression profile of FaMAPKs was investigated. Exogenous ABA, sucrose, and ABA plus sucrose treatments upregulated the expression of FaMAPK genes and increased the content of endogenous ABA, sucrose, and anthocyanin in strawberry fruits, suggesting that ABA and sucrose might be involved in the FaMAPK-mediated regulation of strawberry fruit ripening. Based on the obtained results, MAPK genes closely related to the ripening of strawberries were screened to provide a theoretical basis and support for future research on strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Binghua Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liangxin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guoyan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology & Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guichuan Yang
- Departmental and Municipal Co-Construction of Crops Genetic Improvement of Hill Land Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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12
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Zhou M, Zhao B, Li H, Ren W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhao J. Comprehensive analysis of MAPK cascade genes in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) reveals SbMPK14 as a potential target for drought sensitivity regulation. Genomics 2022; 114:110311. [PMID: 35176445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade plays a crucial role in regulating many important biological processes in plants. Here, we identified and characterized eight MAPKK and 49 MAPKKK genes in sorghum and analyzed their differential expression under drought treatment; we also characterized 16 sorghum MAPK genes. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 10 MAPK cascade genes were involved in drought stress response at the transcriptome level in sorghum. Overexpression of SbMPK14 in Arabidopsis and maize resulted in hypersensitivity to drought by promoting water loss, indicating that SbMPK14 functions as a negative regulator of the drought response. Subsequent transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR verification of maize SbMPK14 overexpression lines revealed that SbMPK14 likely increases plant drought sensitivity by suppressing the activity of specific ERF and WRKY transcription factors. This comprehensive study provides valuable insight into the mechanistic basis of MAPK cascade gene function and their responses to drought in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyi Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bingbing Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330046, China
| | - Hanshuai Li
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Wen Ren
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China; College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China.
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Zhou X, Muhammad I, Lan H, Xia C. Recent Advances in the Analysis of Cold Tolerance in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:866034. [PMID: 35498657 PMCID: PMC9039722 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.866034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an annual grass that originated in tropical and subtropical regions of the New World. Maize is highly sensitive to cold stress during seed gemination and the seedling phase, which can lead to reductions in plant vigor and grain production. There are large differences in the morphological and physiological changes caused by cold stress among maize varieties. In general, cold tolerant varieties have a stronger ability to maintain such changes in traits related to seed germination, root phenotypes, and shoot photosynthesis. These morphological and physiological characteristics have been widely used to evaluate the cold tolerance of maize varieties in genetic analyses. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms of maize in response to cold tolerance. Several QTL, GWAS, and transcriptomic analyses have been conducted on various maize genotypes and populations that show large variations in cold tolerance, resulting in the discovery of hundreds of candidate cold regulation genes. Nevertheless, only a few candidate genes have been functionally characterized. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in molecular, physiological, genetic, and genomic analyses of cold tolerance in maize. We address the advantages of joint analyses that combine multiple genetic and genomic approaches to improve the accuracy of identifying cold regulated genes that can be further used in molecular breeding. We also discuss the involvement of long-distance signaling in plant cold tolerance. These novel insights will provide a better mechanistic understanding of cold tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hai Lan
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resource Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Hai Lan
| | - Chao Xia
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Xia
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14
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Mapping Resistance to Argentinean Fusarium ( Graminearum) Head Blight Isolates in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413653. [PMID: 34948450 PMCID: PMC8707622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, caused by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), is a destructive disease worldwide, reducing wheat yield and quality. To accelerate the improvement of scab tolerance in wheat, we assessed the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative mapping population (ITMI/MP) for Type I and II resistance against a wide population of Argentinean isolates of F. graminearum. We discovered a total of 27 additive QTLs on ten different (2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D and 6D) wheat chromosomes for Type I and Type II resistances explaining a maximum of 15.99% variation. Another four and two QTLs for thousand kernel weight in control and for Type II resistance, respectively, involved five different chromosomes (1B, 2D, 6A, 6D and 7D). Furthermore, three, three and five QTLs for kernel weight per spike in control, for Type I resistance and for Type II resistance, correspondingly, involved ten chromosomes (2A, 2D, 3B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6B, 7A, 7B, 7D). We were also able to detect five and two epistasis pairs of QTLs for Type I and Type II resistance, respectively, in addition to additive QTLs that evidenced that FHB resistance in wheat is controlled by a complex network of additive and epistasis QTLs.
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15
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Zeng WY, Tan YR, Long SF, Sun ZD, Lai ZG, Yang SZ, Chen HZ, Qing XY. Methylome and transcriptome analyses of soybean response to bean pyralid larvae. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:836. [PMID: 34794392 PMCID: PMC8603512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bean pyralid is one of the major leaf-feeding insects that affect soybean crops. DNA methylation can control the networks of gene expressions, and it plays an important role in responses to biotic stress. However, at present the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the soybean resistance to bean pyralid has not been reported so far. RESULTS Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed the highly resistant material (Gantai-2-2, HRK) and highly susceptible material (Wan82-178, HSK), under bean pyralid larvae feeding 0 h and 48 h, to clarify the molecular mechanism of the soybean resistance and explore its insect-resistant genes. We identified 2194, 6872, 39,704 and 40,018 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), as well as 497, 1594, 9596 and 9554 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48 comparisons, respectively. Through the analysis of global methylation and transcription, 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were negatively correlated with DMGs, there were 34, 49, 141 and 116 negatively correlated genes in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48, respectively. The MapMan cluster analysis showed that 114 negatively correlated genes were clustered in 24 pathways, such as protein biosynthesis and modification; primary metabolism; secondary metabolism; cell cycle, cell structure and component; RNA biosynthesis and processing, and so on. Moreover, CRK40; CRK62; STK; MAPK9; L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase VIII.2; CesA; CSI1; fimbrin-1; KIN-14B; KIN-14 N; KIN-4A; cytochrome P450 81E8; BEE1; ERF; bHLH25; bHLH79; GATA26, were likely regulatory genes involved in the soybean responses to bean pyralid larvae. Finally, 5 DMRs were further validated that the genome-wide DNA data were reliable through PS-PCR and 5 DEGs were confirmed the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression by qRT-PCR. The results showed an excellent agreement with deep sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of soybean response to bean pyralid was obtained for the first time. Several specific DMGs which participated in protein kinase, cell and organelle, flavonoid biosynthesis and transcription factor were further identified to be likely associated with soybean response to bean pyralid. Our data will provide better understanding of DNA methylation alteration and their potential role in soybean insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Zeng
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Yu-Rong Tan
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Sheng-Feng Long
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zu-Dong Sun
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zhen-Guang Lai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Shou-Zhen Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Huai-Zhu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Xia-Yan Qing
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analyses of AnSnRK2 Gene Family under Osmotic Stress in Ammopiptanthus nanus. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050882. [PMID: 33925572 PMCID: PMC8145913 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose non-fermenting-1 (SNF1)-related protein kinase 2’s (SnRK2s) are plant-specific serine/threonine protein kinases and play crucial roles in the abscisic acid signaling pathway and abiotic stress response. Ammopiptanthus nanus is a relict xerophyte shrub and extremely tolerant of abiotic stresses. Therefore, we performed genome-wide identification of the AnSnRK2 genes and analyzed their expression profiles under osmotic stresses including drought and salinity. A total of 11 AnSnRK2 genes (AnSnRK2.1-AnSnRK2.11) were identified in the A. nanus genome and were divided into three groups according to the phylogenetic tree. The AnSnRK2.6 has seven introns and others have eight introns. All of the AnSnRK2 proteins are highly conserved at the N-terminus and contain similar motif composition. The result of cis-acting element analysis showed that there were abundant hormone- and stress-related cis-elements in the promoter regions of AnSnRK2s. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time PCR exhibited that the expression of most AnSnRK2s was induced by NaCl and PEG-6000 treatments, but the expression of AnSnRK2.3 and AnSnRK2.6 was inhibited, suggesting that the AnSnRK2s might play key roles in stress tolerance. The study provides insights into understanding the function of AnSnRK2s.
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17
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MKK and MAPK Gene Families in Brassica Species and Response to Stress in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020544. [PMID: 33430412 PMCID: PMC7827818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are common and conserved signal transduction pathways and play important roles in various biotic and abiotic stress responses and growth and developmental processes in plants. With the advancement of sequencing technology, more systematic genetic information is being explored. The work presented here focuses on two protein families in Brassica species: MAPK kinases (MKKs) and their phosphorylation substrates MAPKs. Forty-seven MKKs and ninety-two MAPKs were identified and extensively analyzed from two tetraploid (B. juncea and B. napus) and three diploid (B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) Brassica species. Phylogenetic relationships clearly distinguished both MKK and MAPK families into four groups, labeled A–D, which were also supported by gene structure and conserved protein motif analysis. Furthermore, their spatial and temporal expression patterns and response to stresses (cold, drought, heat, and shading) were analyzed, indicating that BnaMKK and BnaMAPK transcript levels were generally modulated by growth, development, and stress signals. In addition, several protein interaction pairs between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs were detected by yeast two-hybrid assays, in which BnaMKK3 and BnaMKK9 showed strong interactions with BnaMAPK1/2/7, suggesting that interaction between BnaMKKs and C group BnaMAPKs play key roles in the crosstalk between growth and development processes and abiotic stresses. Taken together, our data provide a deeper foundation for the evolutionary and functional characterization of MKK and MAPK gene families in Brassica species, paving the way for unraveling the biological roles of these important signaling molecules in plants.
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Shah AN, Tanveer M, Abbas A, Yildirim M, Shah AA, Ahmad MI, Wang Z, Sun W, Song Y. Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Stem Lodging and Kernel Abortion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:699085. [PMID: 34868101 PMCID: PMC8636062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.699085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Noor Shah
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Asad Abbas
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Mehmet Yildirim
- Department of Field Crop, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | | | - Zhiwei Wang
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Youhong Song
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Youhong Song
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19
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Ali A, Chu N, Ma P, Javed T, Zaheer U, Huang MT, Fu HY, Gao SJ. Genome-wide analysis of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene family expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in sugarcane. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:86-107. [PMID: 32909626 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To systematically analyze mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase gene families and their expression profiles in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids; Sh) under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 15 ShMAPKs, 6 ShMAPKKs and 16 ShMAPKKKs genes in the sugarcane cultivar R570 genome. These were also confirmed in one S. spontaneum genome and two transcriptome datasets of sugarcane trigged by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (Aaa) and Xanthomonas albilineans (Xa) infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four subgroups were present in each ShMAPK and ShMAPKK family and three sub-families (RAF, MEKK and ZIK) presented in the ShMAPKKK family. Conserved protein motif and gene structure analyses supported the evolutionary relationships of the three families inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. All of the ShMAPK, ShMAPKK and ShMAPKKK genes identified in Saccharum spp. R570 were distributed on chromosomes 1-7 and 9-10. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that ShMAPK07 and ShMAPKKK02 were defense-responsive genes in sugarcane challenged by both Aaa and Xa stimuli, while some genes were upregulated specifically by Aaa and Xa infection. Additionally, ShMAPK05 acted as a negative regulator under drought and salinity stress, but served as a positive regulator under salicylic acid (SA) treatment. ShMAPK07 plays a positive role under drought stress, but a negative role under SA treatment. ShMAPKKK01 was negatively modulated by both salinity stress and SA treatment, whereas ShMAPKKK06 was positively regulated by both of the two stress stimuli. Our results suggest that members of MAPK cascade gene families regulate adverse stress responses through multiple signal transduction pathways in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Na Chu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Panpan Ma
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Talha Javed
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Uroosa Zaheer
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Lim CW, Jeong S, Lee SC. Differential expression of MEKK subfamily genes in Capsicum annuum L. in response to abscisic acid and drought stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1822019. [PMID: 32988271 PMCID: PMC7671057 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1822019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs or MEKKs) are crucial components of the MAPK signaling cascades, which play central roles in the signaling transduction pathways for plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses such as drought. The MAPKKK gene families in pepper have not been functionally characterized yet. Here, from the pepper genome, we predicted 27 putative MAPKKK genes belonging to the MEKK subfamily (named CaMEKK1-27), based on in silico analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 14 CaMEKK genes were clustered into A5 of the five groups (A1-A5), of which 9 genes are primarily on chromosomes 2 and 7, and are located close to each other. These nine genes showed transcriptional regulation by treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and drought stress in quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis. Among the ABA- and/or drought-induced CaMEKK genes, in a previous study, we isolated CaAIMK1 (Capsicum annuum ABA Induced MAP Kinase 1), which plays a positive role in drought resistance via an ABA-dependent pathway. Our expression analysis and functional characterization of the MEKK subfamily genes will provide a better understanding of the functional roles of pepper MAPK cascades in ABA-mediated drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Woo Lim
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soongon Jeong
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Chul Lee
- Department of Life Science (BK21 Program), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Yin Z, Zhu W, Zhang X, Chen X, Wang W, Lin H, Wang J, Ye W. Molecular characterization, expression and interaction of MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK genes in upland cotton. Genomics 2020; 113:1071-1086. [PMID: 33181247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades, consisting of three types of sequentially phosphorylated kinases (MAPKKK, MAPKK, and MAPK), play vital roles in various processes including plant development and stress response. In this study, 52 GhMAPKs, 23 GhMAPKKs, and 166 GhMAPKKKs were identified in upland cotton. Chromosomal locations, gene duplication and structure, motifs, cis-regulatory elements, and protein subcellular localization were further analyzed. With the identified MAPK cascade genes in G. arboretum and G. raimondii, a syntenic diagram of three cotton species was constructed. The interactions of seven GhMAPK cascade genes were investigated. Two complete signaling modules were defined: The GhMEKK24/GhMEKK31-GhMAPKK9-GhMAPK10 and GhMEKK3/GhMEKK24/GhMEKK31-GhMAPKK16-GhMAPK10/GhMAPK11 cascades. Moreover, interaction networks and the interaction pairs were combined with their expression patterns and demonstrated that the network mediated by the MAPK signaling cascade participates in abiotic stress signaling. Our research provides a foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of the MAPK signaling pathway under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujun Yin
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China.
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, PR China
| | - Xiaopei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huan Lin
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China
| | - Junjuan Wang
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, PR China.
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Xie Y, Ding M, Zhang B, Yang J, Pei T, Ma P, Dong J. Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of MAPK cascade genes in Salvia miltiorrhiza reveals the function of SmMAPK3 and SmMAPK1 in secondary metabolism. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:630. [PMID: 32928101 PMCID: PMC7488990 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades to plant growth and development has been widely studied, but this knowledge has not yet been extended to the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza, which produces a number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites. Results In this study, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified six MAPKKK kinases (MAPKKKKs), 83 MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), nine MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and 18 MAPKs in the S. miltiorrhiza genome. Within each class of genes, a small number of subfamilies were recognized. A transcriptional analysis revealed differences in the genes’ behaviour with respect to both their site of transcription and their inducibility by elicitors and phytohormones. Two genes were identified as strong candidates for playing roles in phytohormone signalling. A gene-to-metabolite network was constructed based on correlation analysis, highlighting the likely involvement of two of the cascades in the synthesis of two key groups of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites: phenolic acids and tanshinones. Conclusion The data provide insight into the functional diversification and conservation of MAPK cascades in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Meiling Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tianlin Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengda Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Juane Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Patil SV, Kumudini BS, Pushpalatha HG, De Britto S, Ito SI, Sudheer S, Singh D, Gupta VK, Jogaiah S. Synchronised regulation of disease resistance in primed finger millet plants against the blast disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:e00484. [PMID: 32637344 PMCID: PMC7327827 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Varied phytohormone levels was recorded in the primed plants infected with Magnoporthe grisea. The role of MAPK was studied for the first time in finger millet-blast disease response. Callose deposition at the site of pathogen entry in the primed plants indicating its role during plant defense. Temporal accumulation of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity confirms its role during jasmonate synthesis in the plant cells. The study has portrayed the SA mediated defense mechanism involved in finger millet plants against blast pathogen M. grisea.
Plants, being sessile, are exposed to an array of abiotic and biotic stresses. To adapt towards the changing environments, plants have evolved mechanisms that help in perceiving stress signals wherein phytohormones play a critical role. They have the ability to network enabling them to mediate defense responses. These endogenous signals, functioning at low doses are a part of all the developmental stages of the plant. Phytohormones possess specific functions as they interact with each other positively or negatively through cross-talks. In the present study, variations in the amount of phytohormones produced during biotic stress caused due to Magnoporthe grisea infection was studied through targeted metabolomics in both primed and control finger millet plants. Histochemical studies revealed callose deposition at the site of pathogen entry in the primed plants indicating its role during plant defense. The knowledge on the genetic makeup during infection was obtained by quantification of MAP kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MKK1/2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) genes, wherein the expression levels were high in the primed plants at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi) compared to mock-control. Studies indicate the pivotal role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK or MAP kinases) during defense signalling. It is the first report to be studied on MAPK role in finger millet-blast disease response. Temporal accumulation of LOX enzyme along with its activity was also investigated due to its significant role during jasmonate synthesis in the plant cells. Results indicated its highest activity at 12 hpi. This is the first report on the variation in phytohormone levels in fingermillet - M. grisea pathosystem upon priming which were substantiated through salicylic acid (SA) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Veeranagouda Patil
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (Block 1), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru - 560069, Karnataka, India
| | - Belur Satyan Kumudini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences (Block 1), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bengaluru - 560069, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Savitha De Britto
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, P.G. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad - 580003, Karnataka, India
- Division of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Goroka, Goroka - 441, Papua New Guinea
| | - Shin-ichi Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Research Center for Thermotolerant Microbial Resources (RCTMR), Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Surya Sudheer
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu, Estonia
| | - D.P. Singh
- Crop Improvement Division ICAR- Indian Institute of Vegetable Research Jakhini (Shahanshapur) Varanasi- 221 305, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- AgroBioSciences (AgBS) and Chemical & Biochemical Sciences (CBS) Department, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, P.G. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad - 580003, Karnataka, India
- Corresponding authors.
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Wang G, Liang YH, Zhang JY, Cheng ZM(M. Cloning, molecular and functional characterization by overexpression in Arabidopsis of MAPKK genes from grapevine (Vitis vinifera). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:194. [PMID: 32381024 PMCID: PMC7203792 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as a part of the MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK cascade, play crucial roles in plant development as an intracellular signal transduction pathway to respond various environmental signals. However, few MAPKK have been functionally characterized in grapevine. RESULTS In the study, five MAPKK (MKK) members were identified in grapevine (cultivar 'Pinot Noir'), cloned and designated as VvMKK1-VvMKK5. A phylogenetic analysis grouped them into four sub-families based on the similarity of their conserved motifs and gene structure to Arabidopsis MAPKK members. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of VvMKK1, VvMKK2, VvMKK4, and VvMKK5 were up-regulated in mature leaf and young blades, and roots, but exhibited low expression in leaf petioles. VvMKK2, VvMKK3, and VvMKK5 genes were differentially up-regulated when grapevine leaves were inoculated with spores of Erisyphe necator, or treated with salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), H2O2, or exposed to drought, indicating that these genes may be involved in a variety of signaling pathways. Over expression of VvMKK2 and VvMKK4 genes in transgenic Arabidopsis plants resulted in the production of seeds with a significantly higher germination and survival rate, and better seedling growth under stress conditions than wild-type plants. Overexpression of VvMKK2 in Arabidopsis improved salt and drought stress tolerance while overexpression of VvMKK4 only improved salt stress tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present investigation provide a better understanding of the interaction and function of MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK genes at the transcriptional level in grapevine and led to the identification of candidate genes for drought and salt stress in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Ying-hai Liang
- Institute of Pomology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gong Zhuling, Jilin Province, 136100 China
| | - Ji-yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 Jiangsu China
| | - Zong-Ming ( Max) Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996 USA
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25
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Cui L, Yang G, Yan J, Pan Y, Nie X. Genome-wide identification, expression profiles and regulatory network of MAPK cascade gene family in barley. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:750. [PMID: 31623562 PMCID: PMC6796406 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a conserved and universal signal transduction module in organisms. Although it has been well characterized in many plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in barley. RESULTS Here, we identified 20 MAPKs, 6 MAPKKs and 156 MAPKKKs in barley through a genome-wide search against the updated reference genome. Then, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure and conserved protein motifs organization of them were systematically analyzed and results supported the predictions. Gene duplication analysis revealed that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of barley MAPK cascade genes and the duplicated gene pairs were found to undergone strong purifying selection. Expression profiles of them were further investigated in different organs and under diverse abiotic stresses using the available 173 RNA-seq datasets, and then the tissue-specific and stress-responsive candidates were found. Finally, co-expression regulatory network of MAPK cascade genes was constructed by WGCNA tool, resulting in a complicated network composed of a total of 72 branches containing 46 HvMAPK cascade genes and 46 miRNAs. CONCLUSION This study provides the targets for further functional study and also contribute to better understand the MAPK cascade regulatory network in barley and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,College of Life Science, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Neupane S, Schweitzer SE, Neupane A, Andersen EJ, Fennell A, Zhou R, Nepal MP. Identification and Characterization of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Genes in Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E28. [PMID: 30678298 PMCID: PMC6409774 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) genes encode proteins that regulate biotic and abiotic stresses in plants through signaling cascades comprised of three major subfamilies: MAP Kinase (MPK), MAPK Kinase (MKK), and MAPKK Kinase (MKKK). The main objectives of this research were to conduct genome-wide identification of MAPK genes in Helianthus annuus and examine functional divergence of these genes in relation to those in nine other plant species (Amborella trichopoda, Aquilegia coerulea, Arabidopsis thaliana, Daucus carota, Glycine max, Oryza sativa, Solanum lycopersicum, Sphagnum fallax, and Vitis vinifera), representing diverse taxonomic groups of the Plant Kingdom. A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) profile of the MAPK genes utilized reference sequences from A. thaliana and G. max, yielding a total of 96 MPKs and 37 MKKs in the genomes of A. trichopoda, A. coerulea, C. reinhardtii, D. carota, H. annuus, S. lycopersicum, and S. fallax. Among them, 28 MPKs and eight MKKs were confirmed in H. annuus. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four clades within each subfamily. Transcriptomic analyses showed that at least 19 HaMPK and seven HaMKK genes were induced in response to salicylic acid (SA), sodium chloride (NaCl), and polyethylene glycol (Peg) in leaves and roots. Of the seven published sunflower microRNAs, five microRNA families are involved in targeting eight MPKs. Additionally, we discussed the need for using MAP Kinase nomenclature guidelines across plant species. Our identification and characterization of MAP Kinase genes would have implications in sunflower crop improvement, and in advancing our knowledge of the diversity and evolution of MAPK genes in the Plant Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Sarah E Schweitzer
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Achal Neupane
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ethan J Andersen
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Anne Fennell
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Ruanbao Zhou
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
| | - Madhav P Nepal
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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Wang G, Wang T, Jia ZH, Xuan JP, Pan DL, Guo ZR, Zhang JY. Genome-Wide Bioinformatics Analysis of MAPK Gene Family in Kiwifruit ( Actinidia Chinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092510. [PMID: 30149559 PMCID: PMC6164783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules that play crucial roles in various biotic and abiotic stresses, hormones, cell division, and developmental processes in plants. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK), being a part of this cascade, performs an important function for further appropriate cellular responses. Although MAPKs have been investigated in several model plants, no systematic analysis has been conducted in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis). In the present study, we identified 18 putative MAPKs in the kiwifruit genome. This gene family was analyzed bioinformatically in terms of their chromosome locations, sequence alignment, gene structures, and phylogenetic and conserved motifs. All members possess fully canonical motif structures of MAPK. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AcMAPKs could be classified into five subfamilies, and these gene motifs in the same group showed high similarity. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that the number of exons in AcMAPK genes ranged from 2 to 29, suggesting large variation among kiwifruit MAPK genes. The expression profiles of these AcMAPK genes were further investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), which demonstrated that AcMAPKs were induced or repressed by various biotic and abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, suggesting their potential roles in the biotic and abiotic stress response and various hormone signal transduction pathways in kiwifruit. The results of this study provide valuable insight into the putative physiological and biochemical functions of MAPK genes in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhan-Hui Jia
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ji-Ping Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - De-Lin Pan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhong-Ren Guo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Song A, Hu Y, Ding L, Zhang X, Li P, Liu Y, Chen F. Comprehensive analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in chrysanthemum. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5037. [PMID: 29942696 PMCID: PMC6014330 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, an important type of pathway in eukaryotic signaling networks, play a key role in plant defense responses, growth and development. Methods Phylogenetic analysis and conserved motif analysis of the MKK and MPK families in Arabidopsis thaliana, Helianthus annuus and Chrysanthemum morifolium classified MKK genes and MPK genes. qRT-PCR was used for the expression patterns of CmMPK and CmMKK genes, and yeast two-hybrid assay was applied to clear the interaction between CmMPKs and CmMKKs. Results We characterized six MKK genes and 11 MPK genes in chrysanthemum based on transcriptomic sequences and classified these genes into four groups. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that CmMKKs and CmMPKs exhibited various expression patterns in different organs of chrysanthemum and in response to abiotic stresses and phytohormone treatments. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay was applied to analyze the interaction between CmMKKs and CmMPKs and reveal the MAPK cascades in chrysanthemum. Discussion Our data led us to propose that CmMKK4-CmMPK13 and CmMKK2-CmMPK4 may be involved in regulating salt resistance and in the relationship between CmMKK9 and CmMPK6 and temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Song
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueheng Hu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lian Ding
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peiling Li
- College of Horticulture, Xinyang Agricultural and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan, China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Landscape Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Goyal RK, Tulpan D, Chomistek N, González-Peña Fundora D, West C, Ellis BE, Frick M, Laroche A, Foroud NA. Analysis of MAPK and MAPKK gene families in wheat and related Triticeae species. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:178. [PMID: 29506469 PMCID: PMC5838963 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is involved in signal transduction networks that underpin many different biological processes in plants, ranging from development to biotic and abiotic stress responses. To date this class of enzymes has received little attention in Triticeae species, which include important cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye and triticale) that represent over 20% of the total protein food-source worldwide. Results The work presented here focuses on two subfamilies of Triticeae MAPKs, the MAP kinases (MPKs), and the MAPK kinases (MKKs) whose members phosphorylate the MPKs. In silico analysis of multiple Triticeae sequence databases led to the identification of 152 MAPKs belonging to these two sub-families. Some previously identified MAPKs were renamed to reflect the literature consensus on MAPK nomenclature. Two novel MPKs, MPK24 and MPK25, have been identified, including the first example of a plant MPK carrying the TGY activation loop sequence common to mammalian p38 MPKs. An EF-hand calcium-binding domain was found in members of the Triticeae MPK17 clade, a feature that appears to be specific to Triticeae species. New insights into the novel MEY activation loop identified in MPK11s are offered. When the exon-intron patterns for some MPKs and MKKs of wheat, barley and ancestors of wheat were assembled based on transcript data in GenBank, they showed deviations from the same sequence predicted in Ensembl. The functional relevance of MAPKs as derived from patterns of gene expression, MPK activation and MKK-MPK interaction is discussed. Conclusions A comprehensive resource of accurately annotated and curated Triticeae MPK and MKK sequences has been created for wheat, barley, rye, triticale, and two ancestral wheat species, goat grass and red wild einkorn. The work we present here offers a central information resource that will resolve existing confusion in the literature and sustain expansion of MAPK research in the crucial Triticeae grains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4545-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K Goyal
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dan Tulpan
- Information and Communication Technologies, National Research Council of Canada, 100 des Aboiteaux Street, Moncton, New Brunswick, E1A 7R1, Canada
| | - Nora Chomistek
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Dianevys González-Peña Fundora
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Connor West
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Brian E Ellis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, #301 - 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michele Frick
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - André Laroche
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada.
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Jagodzik P, Tajdel-Zielinska M, Ciesla A, Marczak M, Ludwikow A. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Plant Hormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1387. [PMID: 30349547 PMCID: PMC6187979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets, including other kinases, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins or transcription factors, in all eukaryotic cells. A typical MAPK cascade consists of at least three sequentially acting serine/threonine kinases, a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) and finally, the MAP kinase (MAPK) itself, with each phosphorylating, and hence activating, the next kinase in the cascade. Recent advances in our understanding of hormone signaling pathways have led to the discovery of new regulatory systems. In particular, this research has revealed the emerging role of crosstalk between the protein components of various signaling pathways and the involvement of this crosstalk in multiple cellular processes. Here we provide an overview of current models and mechanisms of hormone signaling with a special emphasis on the role of MAPKs in cell signaling networks. One-sentence summary: In this review we highlight the mechanisms of crosstalk between MAPK cascades and plant hormone signaling pathways and summarize recent findings on MAPK regulation and function in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Jagodzik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tajdel-Zielinska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Ciesla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwikow
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Agnieszka Ludwikow,
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Chang Y, Yang H, Ren D, Li Y. Activation of ZmMKK10, a maize mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, induces ethylene-dependent cell death. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:129-137. [PMID: 28969793 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in regulating plant growth, development and stress responses. Here, we report that ZmMKK10, a maize MAP kinase kinase, positively regulates cell death. Sequence comparison to Arabidopsis MKKs has led to ZmMKK10 being classified as a group D MKK. Kinase activity analysis of recombinant ZmMKK10 showed that the Mg2+ ion was required for its kinase activity. Transient expression of ZmMKK10WT or ZmMKK10DD (the active form of ZmMKK10) in maize mesophyll protoplast significantly increased the cell death rate. Inducible expression of ZmMKK10WT or ZmMKK10DD in Arabidopsis transgenic plants caused rapid HR-like cell death, whereas induction of ZmMKK10KR (the inactive form of ZmMKK10) expression in transgenic plants did not yield the same phenotype. Genetic and pharmacological analysis revealed that ZmMKK10-induced cell death in transgenic plants requires the activation of Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6 and that it partially depended on ethylene biosynthesis. ZmMPK3 and ZmMPK7, the orthologues of Arabidopsis MPK3 and MPK6, interacted with ZmMKK10 in yeast and ZmMKK10 phosphorylated them both in vitro. Our results demonstrate that ZmMKK10 induces cell death in an ethylene-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZmMPK3 and ZmMPK7 may be the downstream MAPKs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hailian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongtao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of MAPK and MAPKK Gene Families in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100284. [PMID: 29053643 PMCID: PMC5664134 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a universal signal transduction module that plays a vital role in regulating growth and development, as well as environmental stress responses in plants. Wheat is one of the most important crops worldwide. Although the MAPK kinase kinase (MAP3K) family in wheat has been investigated, the MAPK and MAPK kinase (MAP2K) gene families remain unknown at present. Here, 54 MAPK and 18 MAPKK genes were identified in wheat using recent genomic information. Phylogenetic analysis of Triticum aestivum L. MAPKs and MAPKKs (TaMAPKs and TaMAPKKs) together with homologous genes from other species classified them into four groups, and the clustering was consistent with the genomic exon/intron structures. Conserved motif analysis found that MAPK proteins contained a typical TXY phosphorylation site and MAPKK proteins contained an S/T-X5-S/T motif. RNA-seq data mapping analysis showed that MAPK and MAPKK genes in group IV had tissue-specific expression profiles, whereas each group I member showed relatively high expression in all organs. Expression patterns of TaMAPK and TaMAPKK genes under stress conditions were also investigated and stress-responsive candidates were identified. Co-expression network analysis identified 11 TaMAPK genes and 6 TaMAPKK genes involved in the interaction network pathway. Overall, this study provided useful information for evolutionary and functional surveys of MAPK and MAPKK gene families in wheat and beyond.
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Wang L, Hu W, Tie W, Ding Z, Ding X, Liu Y, Yan Y, Wu C, Peng M, Xu B, Jin Z. The MAPKKK and MAPKK gene families in banana: identification, phylogeny and expression during development, ripening and abiotic stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1159. [PMID: 28442729 PMCID: PMC5430750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which is a major signal transduction pathway widely distributed in eukaryotes, has an important function in plant development and stress responses. However, less information is known regarding the MAPKKK and MAPKK gene families in the important fruit crop banana. In this study, 10 MAPKK and 77 MAPKKK genes were identified in the banana genome, and were classified into 4 and 3 subfamilies respectively based on phylogenetic analysis. Majority of MAPKKK and MAPKK genes in the same subfamily shared similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The comprehensive transcriptome analysis indicated that MAPKKK-MAPKK genes is involved in tissue development, fruit development and ripening, and response to abiotic stress of drought, cold and salt in two banana genotypes. Interaction networks and co-expression assays demonstrated that MAPK signaling cascade mediated network participates in multiple stress signaling, which was strongly activated in Fen Jiao (FJ). The findings of this study advance understanding of the intricately transcriptional control of MAPKKK-MAPKK genes and provide robust candidate genes for further genetic improvement of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467044, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Chunlai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571101, China. .,Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Bananas, Hainan province, Haikou Experimental Station, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China.
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Integration analysis of MKK and MAPK family members highlights potential MAPK signaling modules in cotton. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29781. [PMID: 27417377 PMCID: PMC4945917 DOI: 10.1038/srep29781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant growth and development, as well as their biotic and abiotic stress responses. As a nodal point of the MAPK cascade, the MKK gene family has not been systematically studied in cotton. Here, we identified 11 putative MKK genes in the Gossypium raimondii genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MKKs were supported by architectures of conserved protein motifs. Expression patterns of MKKs under hormone treatments or abiotic stresses revealed their diverse functions in stress responses. Based on a yeast two hybrid, a total of 63 interactive pairs of MKKs and MAPKs were identified in cotton. Among these, 40 interactive pairs were newly identified compared to that reported previously in Arabidopsis. Integration analysis of the interaction network and expression patterns of MKK and MAPK family members revealed 13 potential MAPK signaling modules that are involved in the complicated cross-talk between hormones and abiotic stresses. Taken together, our data enhance the understanding of the evolution and function of MAPK cascades in cotton, and lay the foundation for the improvement of various defense responses that use MAPK signaling modules in the future.
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Song Q, Li D, Dai Y, Liu S, Huang L, Hong Y, Zhang H, Song F. Characterization, expression patterns and functional analysis of the MAPK and MAPKK genes in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:298. [PMID: 26700161 PMCID: PMC5477810 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which consist of three functionally associated protein kinases, namely MEKKs, MKKs and MPKs, are universal signaling modules in all eukaryotes and have been shown to play critical roles in many physiological and biochemical processes in plants. However, little or nothing is known about the MPK and MKK families in watermelon. RESULTS In the present study, we performed a systematic characterization of the ClMPK and ClMKK families including the identification and nomenclature, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, ClMPK-ClMKK interactions, expression patterns in different tissues and in response to abiotic and biotic stress and transient expression-based functional analysis for their roles in disease resistance. Genome-wide survey identified fifteen ClMPK and six ClMKK genes in watermelon genome and phylogenetic analysis revealed that both of the ClMPK and ClMKK families can be classified into four distinct groups. Yeast two-hybrid assays demonstrated significant interactions between members of the ClMPK and ClMKK families, defining putative ClMKK2-1/ClMKK6-ClMPK4-1/ClMPK4-2/ClMPK13 and ClMKK5-ClMPK6 cascades. Most of the members in the ClMPK and ClMKK families showed differential expression patterns in different tissues and in response to abiotic (e.g. drought, salt, cold and heat treatments) and biotic (e.g. infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum) stresses. Transient expression of ClMPK1, ClMPK4-2 and ClMPK7 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea and upregulated expression of defense genes while transient expression of ClMPK6 and ClMKK2-2 led to increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. Furthermore, transient expression of ClMPK7 also led to hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death and significant accumulation of H2O2 in N. benthamiana. CONCLUSION We identified fifteen ClMPK and six ClMKK genes from watermelon and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns and protein-protein interactions and functions in disease resistance. Our results demonstrate that ClMPK1, ClMPK4-2 and ClMPK7 positively but ClMPK6 and ClMKK2-2 negatively regulate the resistance to B. cinerea when transiently expressed in N. benthamiana and that ClMPK7 functions as a regulator of HR-like cell death through modulating the generation of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Yi Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Shixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Yongbo Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318001 P. R. China
| | - Fengming Song
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 P. R. China
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Yan C, Xie D. Jasmonate in plant defence: sentinel or double agent? PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1233-40. [PMID: 26096226 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants and their biotic enemies, such as microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects, are engaged in a desperate battle which would determine their survival-death fate. Plants have evolved efficient and sophisticated systems to defend against such attackers. In recent years, significant progress has been made towards a comprehensive understanding of inducible defence system mediated by jasmonate (JA), a vital plant hormone essential for plant defence responses and developmental processes. This review presents an overview of JA action in plant defences and discusses how microbial pathogens evade plant defence system through hijacking the JA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Zhou M, Gao Z, Ren W, Yang F, He H, Zhao J. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals MAPKKK Family Members Related to Drought Tolerance in Maize. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143128. [PMID: 26599013 PMCID: PMC4658043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway that is involved in plant development and stress responses. As the first component of this phosphorelay cascade, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) act as adaptors linking upstream signaling steps to the core MAPK cascade to promote the appropriate cellular responses; however, the functions of MAPKKKs in maize are unclear. Here, we identified 71 MAPKKK genes, of which 14 were novel, based on a computational analysis of the maize (Zea mays L.) genome. Using an RNA-seq analysis in the leaf, stem and root of maize under well-watered and drought-stress conditions, we identified 5,866 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 8 MAPKKK genes responsive to drought stress. Many of the DEGs were enriched in processes such as drought stress, abiotic stimulus, oxidation-reduction, and metabolic processes. The other way round, DEGs involved in processes such as oxidation, photosynthesis, and starch, proline, ethylene, and salicylic acid metabolism were clearly co-expressed with the MAPKKK genes. Furthermore, a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to assess the relative expression levels of MAPKKKs. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between expression levels of two MAPKKKs and relative biomass responsive to drought in 8 inbred lines. Our results indicate that MAPKKKs may have important regulatory functions in drought tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Liu
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
| | - Miaoyi Zhou
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
| | - Zhaoxu Gao
- School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China
| | - Wen Ren
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
| | - Fengling Yang
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
| | - Hang He
- School of Life Sciences and School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R.China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, P.R.China
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Yruela I. Plant development regulation: Overview and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 182:62-78. [PMID: 26056993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant development, as occur in other eukaryotes, is conducted through a complex network of hormones, transcription factors, enzymes and micro RNAs, among other cellular components. They control developmental processes such as embryo, apical root and shoot meristem, leaf, flower, or seed formation, among others. The research in these topics has been very active in last decades. Recently, an explosion of new data concerning regulation mechanisms as well as the response of these processes to environmental changes has emerged. Initially, most of investigations were carried out in the model eudicot Arabidopsis but currently data from other plant species are available in the literature, although they are still limited. The aim of this review is focused on summarize the main molecular actors involved in plant development regulation in diverse plant species. A special attention will be given to the major families of genes and proteins participating in these regulatory mechanisms. The information on the regulatory pathways where they participate will be briefly cited. Additionally, the importance of certain structural features of such proteins that confer ductility and flexibility to these mechanisms will also be reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Yruela
- Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC), Avda. Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Biocomputacióon y Física de Sistemas Complejos, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Genome-wide identification of MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK gene families and transcriptional profiling analysis during development and stress response in cucumber. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:386. [PMID: 25976104 PMCID: PMC4432876 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade consists of three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases, namely, MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK/MEK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK/MEKK), playing important roles in plant growth, development, and defense response. The MAPK cascade genes have been investigated in detail in model plants, including Arabidopsis, rice, and tomato, but poorly characterized in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), a major popular vegetable in Cucurbitaceae crops, which is highly susceptible to environmental stress and pathogen attack. Results A genome-wide analysis revealed the presence of at least 14 MAPKs, 6 MAPKKs, and 59 MAPKKKs in the cucumber genome. Phylogenetic analyses classified all the CsMAPK and CsMAPKK genes into four groups, whereas the CsMAPKKK genes were grouped into the MEKK, RAF, and ZIK subfamilies. The expansion of these three gene families was mainly contributed by segmental duplication events. Furthermore, the ratios of non-synonymous substitution rates (Ka) and synonymous substitution rates (Ks) implied that the duplicated gene pairs had experienced strong purifying selection. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that some MAPK, MAPKK and MAPKKK genes are preferentially expressed in specific organs or tissues. Moreover, the expression levels of most of these genes significantly changed under heat, cold, drought, and Pseudoperonospora cubensis treatments. Exposure to abscisic acid and jasmonic acid markedly affected the expression levels of these genes, thereby implying that they may play important roles in the plant hormone network. Conclusion A comprehensive genome-wide analysis of gene structure, chromosomal distribution, and evolutionary relationship of MAPK cascade genes in cucumber are present here. Further expression analysis revealed that these genes were involved in important signaling pathways for biotic and abiotic stress responses in cucumber, as well as the response to plant hormones. Our first systematic description of the MAPK, MAPKK, and MAPKKK families in cucumber will help to elucidate their biological roles in plant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1621-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Liu Z, Shi L, Liu Y, Tang Q, Shen L, Yang S, Cai J, Yu H, Wang R, Wen J, Lin Y, Hu J, Liu C, Zhang Y, Mou S, He S. Genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase genes in Capsicum annuum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:780. [PMID: 26442088 PMCID: PMC4585111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades have been implicated in plant growth, development, and environment adaptation, but a comprehensive understanding of MAPK signaling at genome-wide level is limited in Capsicum annuum. Herein, genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of MAPK and MAPK kinase (MAPKK) were performed in pepper. A total of 19 pepper MAPK (CaMAPKs) genes and five MAPKK (CaMAPKKs) genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CaMAPKs and CaMAPKKs could be classified into four groups and each group contains similar exon-intron structures. However, significant divergences were also found. Notably, five members of the pepper MAPKK family were much less conserved than those found in Arabidopsis, and 9 Arabidopsis MAPKs did not have orthologs in pepper. Additionally, 7 MAPKs in Arabidopsis had either two or three orthologs in the pepper genome, and six pepper MAPKs and one MAPKK differing in sequence were found in three pepper varieties. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the majority of MAPK and MAPKK genes were ubiquitously expressed and transcriptionally modified in pepper leaves after treatments with heat, salt, and Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation as well as exogenously applied salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethephon, and abscisic acid. The MAPKK-MAPK interactome was tested by yeast two-hybrid assay, the results showed that one MAPKK might interact with multiple MAPKs, one MAPK might also interact with more than one MAPKKs, constituting MAPK signaling networks which may collaborate in transmitting upstream signals into appropriate downstream cellular responses and processes. These results will facilitate future functional characterization of MAPK cascades in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Liu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Lanping Shi
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Qian Tang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jinsen Cai
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Yu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Rongzhang Wang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wen
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Youquan Lin
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Cailing Liu
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Yangwen Zhang
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shaoliang Mou
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Minster Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuilin He, College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 15 Shangxiadian Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, China
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Identification of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase gene (MKK2) in the oilseed rape Brassica campestris. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0455-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Cai G, Wang G, Wang L, Liu Y, Pan J, Li D. A maize mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, ZmMKK1, positively regulated the salt and drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1003-16. [PMID: 24974327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signal transduction modules in animals, plants and yeast. MAPK cascades are complicated networks and play vital roles in signal transduction pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a maize MAPKK gene, ZmMKK1, was characterized. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that ZmMKK1 transcripts were induced by diverse stresses and ABA signal molecule in maize root. Further study showed that the ZmMKK1-overexpressing Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to salt and drought stresses. However, seed germination, post-germination growth and stomatal aperture analysis demonstrated that ZmMKK1 overexpression was sensitive to ABA in transgenic Arabidopsis. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that the overexpression of ZmMKK1 in Arabidopsis enhanced the expression of ROS scavenging enzyme- and ABA-related genes, such as POD, CAT, RAB18 and RD29A under salt and drought conditions. In addition, heterologous overexpression of ZmMKK1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) improved the tolerance to salt and drought stresses. These results suggested that ZmMKK1 might act as an ABA- and ROS-dependent protein kinase in positive modulation of salt and drought tolerance. Most importantly, ZmMKK1 interacted with ZmMEKK1 as evidenced by yeast two-hybrid assay, redeeming a deficiency of MAPK interaction partners in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaowen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Dequan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the major phytohormones and regulates various processes in the plant life cycle, for example, seed development and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies have made significant progress in elucidating ABA signaling and established a simple ABA signaling model consisting of three core components: PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2 protein kinases. This model highlights the importance of protein phosphorylation mediated by SnRK2, but the downstream substrates of SnRK2 remain to be determined to complete the model. Previous studies have identified several SnRK2 substrates involving transcription factors and ion channels. Recently, SnRK2 substrates have been further surveyed by a phosphoproteomic approach, giving new insights on the SnRK2 downstream pathway. Other protein kinases, e.g., Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), have been identified as ABA signaling factors. Some evidence suggests that the SnRK2 pathway partially interacts with CDPK or MAPK pathways. In this chapter, recent advances in ABA signaling study are summarized, primarily focusing on two major protein kinases, SnRK2 and MAPK. Challenges for further study of the ABA-dependent protein phosphorylation network are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Umezawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsukuba, Japan.
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