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Hosseini A, Germic N, Markov N, Stojkov D, Oberson K, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue depends on autophagy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331151. [PMID: 38235134 PMCID: PMC10792036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a metabolic condition that elevates the risk of all-cause mortality. Brown and beige adipose tissues, known for their thermogenic properties, offer potential therapeutic targets for combating obesity. Recent reports highlight the role of immune cells, including eosinophils, in adipose tissue homeostasis, while the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods To study the role of autophagy in eosinophils in this process, we used a genetic mouse model lacking autophagy-associated protein 5 (Atg5), specifically within the eosinophil lineage (Atg5 eoΔ). Results The absence of Atg5 in eosinophils led to increased body weight, impaired glucose metabolism, and alterations in the cellular architecture of adipose tissue. Our findings indicate that Atg5 modulates the functional activity of eosinophils within adipose tissue rather than their abundance. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of arginase 2 (Arg2) in Atg5-knockout eosinophils. Increased Arg2 activity was shown to suppress adipocyte beiging. Furthermore, we observed enrichment of the purine pathway in the absence of Atg5 in eosinophils, leading to a pro-inflammatory shift in macrophages and a further reduction in beiging. Discussion The data shed light on the importance of autophagy in eosinophils and its impact on adipose tissue homeostasis by suppressing Arg2 expression and limiting inflammation in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Hosseini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikita Markov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Oberson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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2
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Liang Y, Alharthi AS, Elolimy AA, Bucktrout R, Lopreiato V, Martinez-Cortés I, Xu C, Fernandez C, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Molecular networks of insulin signaling and amino acid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue are altered by body condition in periparturient Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10459-10476. [PMID: 32921465 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripartal cows mobilize not only body fat but also body protein to satisfy their energy requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum BCS on blood biomarkers related to energy and nitrogen metabolism, and mRNA and protein abundance associated with AA metabolism and insulin signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in peripartal cows. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively classified into a high BCS (HBCS; n = 11, BCS ≥ 3.5) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 11, BCS ≤ 3.17) group at d 28 before expected parturition. Cows were fed the same diet as a total mixed ration before parturition and were fed the same lactation diet postpartum. Blood samples collected at -10, 7, 15, and 30 d relative to parturition were used for analyses of biomarkers associated with energy and nitrogen metabolism. Biopsies of SAT harvested at -15, 7, and 30 d relative to parturition were used for mRNA (real time-PCR) and protein abundance (Western blotting) assays. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS (v. 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), with P ≤ 0.05 being the threshold for significance. Cows in HBCS had greater overall plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations, due to marked increases at 7 and 15 d postpartum. This response was similar (BCS × Day effect) to protein abundance of phosphorylated (p) protein kinase B (p-AKT), the insulin-induced glucose transporter (SLC2A4), and the sodium-coupled neutral AA transporter (SLC38A1). Abundance of these proteins was lower at -15 d compared with NBCS cows, and either increased (SLC2A4, SLC38A1) or did not change (p-AKT) at 7 d postpartum in HBCS. Unlike protein abundance, however, overall mRNA abundances of the high-affinity cationic (SLC7A1), proton-coupled (SLC36A1), and sodium-coupled amino acid transporters (SLC38A2) were greater in HBCS than NBCS cows, due to upregulation in the postpartum phase. Those responses were similar to protein abundance of p-mTOR, which increased (BCS × Day effect) at 7 d in HBCS compared with NBCS cows. mRNA abundance of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) and arginase 1 (ARG1) also was greater overall in HBCS cows. Together, these responses suggested impaired insulin signaling, coupled with greater postpartum AA transport rate and urea cycle activity in SAT of HBCS cows. An in vitro study using adipocyte and macrophage cocultures stimulated with various concentrations of fatty acids could provide some insights into the role of immune cells in modulating adipose tissue immunometabolic status, including insulin resistance and AA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Elolimy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205; Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock 72205; Department of Animal Production, National Research Centre, Giza, 12611, Egypt
| | - R Bucktrout
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - V Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - I Martinez-Cortés
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801; Agricultural and Animal Production Department, UAM-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - C Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - C Fernandez
- Animal Science Department, Universitàt Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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3
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Scabia G, Cancello R, Dallanoce C, Berger S, Matera C, Dattilo A, Zulian A, Barone I, Ceccarini G, Santini F, De Amici M, Di Blasio AM, Maffei M. ICH3, a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, modulates adipocyte inflammation associated with obesity. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:983-993. [PMID: 31965518 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR), involved in the modulation of inflammation and insulin sensitivity, is downregulated in white adipose tissue (WAT) of obese patients. This study aims to test the ability of a selective synthetic α7nAChR agonist, the spirocyclic Δ2-isoxazoline derivative (R)-(-)-ICH3 (ICH3), to counteract acute inflammation and obesity-associated modifications in WAT. METHODS We employed the LPS-septic shock murine model, human primary adipocytes and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Inflammatory factor expression was assessed by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was employed to define WAT inflammatory infiltrate. Insulin signaling was monitored by quantification of AKT phosphorylation. RESULTS In the septic shock model, ICH3 revealed antipyretic action and reduced the surge of circulating cytokines. In vitro, ICH3 stimulation (10 µM) preserved viability of human adipocytes, decreased IL-6 mRNA (P < 0.05) and blunted LPS-induced peak of TNFα (P < 0.05) and IL-6 (P < 0.01). Chronic administration of ICH3 to DIO mice was associated with lower numbers of CD8+ T cells (P < 0.05) and to changed WAT expression of inflammatory factors (Hp, P < 0.05; CD301/MGL1, P < 0.01; Arg-1, P < 0.05). As compared to untreated, ICH3 DIO mice exhibited improved insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle (P < 0.01) mirrored by an improved response to glucose load (ipGTT: P < 0.05 at 120 min). CONCLUSIONS We proved that ICH3 is an anti-inflammatory drug, able to reduce inflammatory cytokines in human adipocytes and to blunt the effects of obesity on WAT inflammatory profile, on glucose tolerance and on tissue insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scabia
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cancello
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - C Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Berger
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Matera
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Dattilo
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Zulian
- Laboratorio di Ricerche Sull'Obesità, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - I Barone
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceuticals Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Di Blasio
- Laboratorio di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - M Maffei
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center at Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Huang J, Liu C, Ming XF, Yang Z. Inhibition of p38mapk Reduces Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Aging Mediated by Arginase-II. Pharmacology 2020; 105:491-504. [PMID: 32454488 DOI: 10.1159/000507635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue inflammation occurs not only in obesity but also in aging and is mechanistically linked with age-associated diseases. Studies show that ablation of the l-arginine-metabolizing enzyme arginase-II (Arg-II) reduces adipose tissue inflammation and improves glucose tolerance in obesity. However, the role of Arg-II in aging adipose tissue inflammation is not clear. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of Arg-II in age-associated adipose tissue inflammation. METHODS Visceral adipose tissues of young (3-6 months) and old (20-24 months) wild-type (WT) and Arg-II-/- mice were investigated. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy was performed for analysis of macrophage accumulation and cellular localization of arginase and cytokines; expression of arginase and cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting or ELISA; activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in adipose tissues was analyzed by immunoblotting; and arginase activity was measured by colorimetric determination of urea production. RESULTS In the old WT mice, there is more macrophage accumulation in the visceral adipose tissues than in Arg-II knockout animals. An age-associated increase in arginase activity and Arg-II expression in adipose tissues of WT mice is observed. Arg-II knockout enhances Arg-I expression and activity, but inhibits interleukin (IL)-6 expression and secretion and reduces active p38mapk in aging adipose tissue macrophages and stromal cells. Treatment of aging adipose tissues of WT mice with a specific p38mapk inhibitor SB203580 reduces IL-6 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Arg-II promotes IL-6 production in aging adipose tissues through p38mapk. The results suggest that targeting Arg-II or inhibiting p38mapk could be beneficial in reducing age-associated adipose tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Huang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chang Liu
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland, .,National Center of Competence in Research "Kidney.CH", Zurich, Switzerland,
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Semen Cuscutae Administration Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Adiposity in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11123035. [PMID: 31842363 PMCID: PMC6950589 DOI: 10.3390/nu11123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since arginase has been shown to compete with nitric oxide (NO) synthase, emerging evidence has reported that arginase inhibition improves obesity by increasing NO production. Semen cuscutae (SC), which is a well-known Chinese medicine, has multiple biological functions such as anti-oxidant function and immune regulation. In this study, we investigated whether the SC as a natural arginase inhibitor influences hepatic lipid abnormalities and whole-body adiposity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The lipid accumulation was significantly reduced by SC treatment in oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis in vitro. Additionally, SC supplementation substantially lowered HFD-induced increases in arginase activity and weights of liver and visceral fat tissue, while increasing hepatic NO. Furthermore, elevated mRNA expressions of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), fatty-acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ)1, and PPAR-γ2 in HFD-fed mice were significantly attenuated by SC supplementation. Taken together, SC, as a novel natural arginase inhibitor, showed anti-obesity properties by modulating hepatic arginase and NO production and metabolic pathways related to hepatic triglyceride (TG) metabolism.
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Role of Arginase 2 in Systemic Metabolic Activity and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Metabolism in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061462. [PMID: 30909461 PMCID: PMC6472154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are key components of obesity-induced metabolic disease. Upregulated arginase, a ureahydrolase enzyme with two isoforms (A1-cytosolic and A2-mitochondrial), is implicated in pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes. This study examined A2 involvement in obesity-associated metabolic and vascular disorders. WT and globally deleted A2(−/−) or A1(+/−) mice were fed either a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet or normal diet (ND) for 16 weeks. Increases in body and VAT weight of HFHS-fed WT mice were abrogated in A2−/−, but not A1+/−, mice. Additionally, A2−/− HFHS-fed mice exhibited higher energy expenditure, lower blood glucose, and insulin levels compared to WT HFHS mice. VAT and adipocytes from WT HFHS fed mice showed greater A2 expression and adipocyte size and reduced expression of PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and adiponectin. A2 deletion blunted these effects, increased levels of active AMPK-α, and upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. A2 deletion prevented HFHS-induced VAT collagen deposition and inflammation, which are involved in adipocyte metabolic dysfunction. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, impaired by HFHS diet, was significantly preserved in A2−/− mice, but more prominently maintained in A1+/− mice. In summary, A2 is critically involved in HFHS-induced VAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
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Atawia RT, Bunch KL, Toque HA, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Mechanisms of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunctions. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2019; 24:890-934. [PMID: 30844720 PMCID: PMC6689231 DOI: 10.2741/4758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and its prevalence is climbing. Obesity is characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes with a dysregulated adipokine secretion profile, increased recruitment of inflammatory cells, and impaired metabolic homeostasis that eventually results in the development of systemic insulin resistance, a phenotype of type 2 diabetes. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an enzyme that converts L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO), which functions to maintain vascular and adipocyte homeostasis. Arginase is a ureohydrolase enzyme that competes with NOS for L-arginine. Arginase activity/expression is upregulated in obesity, which results in diminished bioavailability of NO, impairing both adipocyte and vascular endothelial cell function. Given the emerging role of NO in the regulation of adipocyte physiology and metabolic capacity, this review explores the interplay between arginase and NO, and their effect on the development of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction is necessary for the identification of more effective and tailored therapeutic avenues for their prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Katharine L Bunch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904, USA
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University. Augusta, GA 30904,USA,
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8
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van den Berg MP, Meurs H, Gosens R. Targeting arginase and nitric oxide metabolism in chronic airway diseases and their co-morbidities. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 40:126-133. [PMID: 29729549 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the airways, arginase and NOS compete for the common substrate l-arginine. In chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and COPD, elevated arginase expression contributes to airway contractility, hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and remodeling. The disrupted l-arginine homeostasis, through changes in arginase and NOS expression and activity, does not only play a central role in the development of various airways diseases such as asthma or COPD. It possibly also affects l-arginine homeostasis throughout the body contributing to the emergence of co-morbidities. This review focusses on the role of arginase, NOS and ADMA in co-morbidities of asthma and COPD and speculates on their possible connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Pm van den Berg
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 (XB10), 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Peyton KJ, Liu XM, Shebib AR, Johnson FK, Johnson RA, Durante W. Arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin resistance in obese rats. Amino Acids 2018; 50:747-754. [PMID: 29700652 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the temporal activation of arginase in obese Zucker rats (ZR) and determined if arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin resistance in these animals. Arginase activity, plasma arginine and nitric oxide (NO) concentration, blood pressure, and insulin resistance were measured in lean and obese animals. There was a chronological increase in vascular and plasma arginase activity in obese ZR beginning at 8 weeks of age. The increase in arginase activity in obese animals was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity and circulating levels of arginine and NO. The rise in arginase activity also preceded the increase in blood pressure in obese ZR detected at 12 weeks of age. Chronic treatment of 8-week-old obese animals with an arginase inhibitor or L-arginine for 4 weeks prevented the development of hypertension and improved plasma concentrations of arginine and NO. Arginase inhibition also improved insulin sensitivity in obese ZR while L-arginine supplementation had no effect. In conclusion, arginase inhibition prevents the development of hypertension and improves insulin sensitivity while L-arginine administration only mitigates hypertension in obese animals. Arginase represents a promising therapeutic target in ameliorating obesity-associated vascular and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Peyton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Ahmad R Shebib
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Fruzsina K Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Cary University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Robert A Johnson
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Cary University, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - William Durante
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, M409 Medical Sciences Building, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Caldwell RW, Rodriguez PC, Toque HA, Narayanan SP, Caldwell RB. Arginase: A Multifaceted Enzyme Important in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:641-665. [PMID: 29412048 PMCID: PMC5966718 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The urea cycle provides protection against excess ammonia, while l-ornithine is needed for cell proliferation, collagen formation, and other physiological functions. In mammals, increases in arginase activity have been linked to dysfunction and pathologies of the cardiovascular system, kidney, and central nervous system and also to dysfunction of the immune system and cancer. Two important aspects of the excessive activity of arginase may be involved in diseases. First, overly active arginase can reduce the supply of l-arginine needed for the production of nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase. Second, too much l-ornithine can lead to structural problems in the vasculature, neuronal toxicity, and abnormal growth of tumor cells. Seminal studies have demonstrated that increased formation of reactive oxygen species and key inflammatory mediators promote this pathological elevation of arginase activity. Here, we review the involvement of arginase in diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, and central nervous system and cancer and discuss the value of therapies targeting the elevated activity of arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - S Priya Narayanan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Vision Discovery Institute, Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, and Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia ; and VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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Abdelkawy KS, Lack K, Elbarbry F. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Promising Arginase Inhibitors. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 42:355-370. [PMID: 27734327 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Up-regulation of arginase activity in several chronic disease conditions, including cancer and hypertension, may suggest new targets for treatment. Recently, the number of new arginase inhibitors with promising therapeutic effects for asthma, cancer, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and erectile dysfunction has shown a remarkable increase. Arginase inhibitors may be chemical substances, such as boron-based amino acid derivatives, α-difluoromethylornithine (DMFO), and Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) or, of plant origin such as sauchinone, salvianolic acid B (SAB), piceatannol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PG) and obacunone. Despite their promising therapeutic potential, little is known about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of some of these agents. Several studies were conducted in different animal species and in vitro systems and reported significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors. Therefore, extra caution should be considered before extrapolating these studies to human. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of some effective arginase inhibitors make it challenging to formulate stable and effective formulation. In this article, existing literature on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of arginase inhibitors were reviewed and compared together with emphasis on possible drug interactions and solutions to overcome pharmacokinetics challenges and shortage of arginase inhibitors in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Lack
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Fawzy Elbarbry
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA.
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12
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Bhatta A, Yao L, Xu Z, Toque HA, Chen J, Atawia RT, Fouda AY, Bagi Z, Lucas R, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffening requires endothelial cell arginase 1. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1664-1676. [PMID: 29048462 PMCID: PMC6410953 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Elevation of arginase activity has been linked to vascular dysfunction in diabetes and hypertension by a mechanism involving decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to L-arginine depletion. Excessive arginase activity also can drive L-arginine metabolism towards the production of ornithine, polyamines, and proline, promoting proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen formation, leading to perivascular fibrosis. We hypothesized that there is a specific involvement of arginase 1 expression within the vascular endothelial cells in this pathology. METHODS AND RESULTS To test this proposition, we used models of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Studies were performed using wild type (WT), endothelial-specific arginase 1 knockout (EC-A1-/-) and littermate controls(A1con) mice fed high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) or normal diet (ND) for 6 months and isolated vessels exposed to palmitate-high glucose (PA/HG) media. Some WT mice or isolated vessels were treated with an arginase inhibitor, ABH [2-(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid. In WT mice, the HFHS diet promoted increases in body weight, fasting blood glucose, and post-prandial insulin levels along with arterial stiffening and fibrosis, elevated blood pressure, decreased plasma levels of L-arginine, and elevated L-ornithine. The HFHS diet or PA/HG treatment also induced increases in vascular arginase activity along with oxidative stress, reduced vascular NO levels, and impaired endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. All of these effects except obesity and hypercholesterolemia were prevented or significantly reduced by endothelial-specific deletion of arginase 1 or ABH treatment. CONCLUSION Vascular dysfunctions in diet-induced obesity are prevented by deletion of arginase 1 in vascular endothelial cells or arginase inhibition. These findings indicate that upregulation of arginase 1 expression/activity in vascular endothelial cells has an integral role in diet-induced cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Arginase/genetics
- Arginase/metabolism
- Arginine/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/prevention & control
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dietary Sucrose
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Fibrosis
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Insulin/blood
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/enzymology
- Metabolic Syndrome/genetics
- Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
- Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Obesity/drug therapy
- Obesity/enzymology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Ornithine/blood
- Oxidative Stress
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Diseases/enzymology
- Vascular Diseases/genetics
- Vascular Diseases/physiopathology
- Vascular Diseases/prevention & control
- Vascular Stiffness/drug effects
- Vasodilation
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South China Research Centre for
Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR
China
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Haroldo A. Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Reem T. Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Fouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ruth B. Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta
University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Centre, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert W. Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia,
Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Centre, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University,
Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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13
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Yao L, Bhatta A, Xu Z, Chen J, Toque HA, Chen Y, Xu Y, Bagi Z, Lucas R, Huo Y, Caldwell RB, Caldwell RW. Obesity-induced vascular inflammation involves elevated arginase activity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R560-R571. [PMID: 28835451 PMCID: PMC5792147 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00529.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced vascular dysfunction involves pathological remodeling of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and increased inflammation. Our previous studies showed that arginase 1 (A1) in endothelial cells (ECs) is critically involved in obesity-induced vascular dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that EC-A1 activity also drives obesity-related VAT remodeling and inflammation. Our studies utilized wild-type and EC-A1 knockout (KO) mice made obese by high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. HFHS diet induced increases in body weight, fasting blood glucose, and VAT expansion. This was accompanied by increased arginase activity and A1 expression in vascular ECs and increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and protein in both VAT and ECs. HFHS also markedly increased circulating inflammatory monocytes and VAT infiltration by inflammatory macrophages, while reducing reparative macrophages. Additionally, adipocyte size and fibrosis increased and capillary density decreased in VAT. These effects of HFHS, except for weight gain and hyperglycemia, were prevented or reduced in mice lacking EC-A1 or treated with the arginase inhibitor 2-(S)-amino-6-boronohexanoic acid (ABH). In mouse aortic ECs, exposure to high glucose (25 mM) and Na palmitate (200 μM) reduced nitric oxide production and increased A1, TNF-α, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1 mRNA, and monocyte adhesion. Knockout of EC-A1 or ABH prevented these effects. HFHS diet-induced VAT inflammation is mediated by EC-A1 expression/activity. Limiting arginase activity is a possible therapeutic means of controlling obesity-induced vascular and VAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anil Bhatta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jijun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Haroldo A Toque
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ruth B Caldwell
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - R William Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia;
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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14
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Moon J, Kim OY, Jo G, Shin MJ. Alterations in Circulating Amino Acid Metabolite Ratio Associated with Arginase Activity Are Potential Indicators of Metabolic Syndrome: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:E740. [PMID: 28704931 PMCID: PMC5537854 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulated arginase activity, which competes with nitric oxide synthase (NOS), impairs nitric oxide production and has been implicated in various metabolic disorders. This study examined whether circulating amino acid metabolite ratios are associated with arginase and NOS activities and whether arginine bioavailability is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Data related to arginase and NOS activities were collected from non-diabetic Koreans without cardiovascular disease (n = 1998) in the Ansan-Ansung cohorts (2005-2006). Subsequently, correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. With the increase in the number of MetS risk factors, ratios of circulating amino acid metabolites, such as those of ornithine/citrulline, proline/citrulline, and ornithine/arginine, also significantly increased, whereas arginine bioavailability significantly decreased. These metabolite ratios and arginase bioavailability were also significantly correlated with MetS risk-related parameters, which remained significant after adjusting for covariates. In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that high ratios of circulating metabolites and low arginine bioavailability, which indicated increased arginase activity, were significantly associated with a high MetS risk. This study demonstrated that altered ratios of circulating amino acid metabolites indicates increased arginase activity and decreased arginine bioavailability, both of which can be potential markers for MetS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Moon
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Garam Jo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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15
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Xiong Y, Yepuri G, Necetin S, Montani JP, Ming XF, Yang Z. Arginase-II Promotes Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Release From Pancreatic Acinar Cells Causing β-Cell Apoptosis in Aging. Diabetes 2017; 66:1636-1649. [PMID: 28356309 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with glucose intolerance. Arginase-II (Arg-II), the type-II L-arginine-ureahydrolase, is highly expressed in pancreas. However, its role in regulation of pancreatic β-cell function is not known. Here we show that female (not male) mice deficient in Arg-II (Arg-II-/-) are protected from age-associated glucose intolerance and reveal greater glucose induced-insulin release, larger islet size and β-cell mass, and more proliferative and less apoptotic β-cells compared with the age-matched wild-type (WT) controls. Moreover, Arg-II is mainly expressed in acinar cells and is upregulated with aging, which enhances p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation and release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Accordingly, conditioned medium of isolated acinar cells from old WT (not Arg-II-/-) mice contains higher TNF-α levels than the young mice and stimulates β-cell apoptosis and dysfunction, which are prevented by a neutralizing anti-TNF-α antibody. In acinar cells, our study demonstrates an age-associated Arg-II upregulation, which promotes TNF-α release through p38 MAPK leading to β-cell apoptosis, insufficient insulin secretion, and glucose intolerance in female rather than male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Xiong
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sevil Necetin
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiu-Fen Ming
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Cardiovascular and Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Kidney Control of Homeostasis, Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research, Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Bouchlaka MN, Moffitt AB, Kim J, Kink JA, Bloom DD, Love C, Dave S, Hematti P, Capitini CM. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Educated Macrophages Are a Distinct High IL-6-Producing Subset that Confer Protection in Graft-versus-Host-Disease and Radiation Injury Models. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:897-905. [PMID: 28257800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive and tissue repair properties, but clinical trials using MSCs to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have shown mixed results. Macrophages (MØs) are important regulators of immunity and can promote tissue regeneration and remodeling. We have previously shown that MSCs can educate MØs toward a unique anti-inflammatory immunophenotype (MSC-educated MØs [MEMs]); however, their implications for in vivo models of inflammation have not been studied yet. We now show that in comparison with MØs, MEMs have increased expression of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1, PD-L2, in addition to markers of alternatively activated MØs: CD206 and CD163. RNA-Seq analysis of MEMs, as compared with MØs, show a distinct gene expression profile that positively correlates with multiple pathways important in tissue repair. MEMs also show increased expression of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β, arginase-1, CD73, and decreased expression of IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor-α. We show that IL-6 secretion is controlled in part by the cyclo-oxygenase-2, arginase, and JAK1/STAT1 pathway. When tested in vivo, we show that human MEMs significantly enhance survival from lethal GVHD and improve survival of mice from radiation injury. We show these effects could be mediated in part through suppression of human T cell proliferation and may have attenuated host tissue injury in part by enhancing murine fibroblast proliferation. MEMs are a unique MØ subset with therapeutic potential for the management of GVHD and/or protection from radiation-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Andrea B Moffitt
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center of Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John A Kink
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Debra D Bloom
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cassandra Love
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center of Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sandeep Dave
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Duke Center of Genomic and Computational Biology, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin.
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17
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Simioni PU, Fernandes LG, Tamashiro WM. Downregulation of L-arginine metabolism in dendritic cells induces tolerance to exogenous antigen. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 30:44-57. [PMID: 27903843 PMCID: PMC5806782 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016678873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are potential tools for therapeutic applications and several strategies to generate tolerogenic DCs are under investigation. When activated by cytokines and microbial products, DCs express mediators that modulate immune responses. In this regard, the metabolites generated by the activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase in DCs seem to play important roles. Here, we evaluated the effects of adoptive transfer of DCs generated in vitro from bone marrow precursors (BMDC) modulated with L-NAME (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and NOHA (NG-Hydroxy-L-arginine), inhibitors of iNOS and arginase, respectively, upon the immune response of the wild type (BALB/c) and OVA-TCR transgenic (DO11.10) mice. The modulation with L-NAME increased CD86 expression in BMDC, whereas treatment with NOHA increased both CD80 and CD86 expression. Adoptive transfer of either L-NAME- or NOHA-modulated BMDCs to BALB/c mice reduced the plasma levels of ovalbumin-specific antibody as well as proliferation and cytokine secretion in cultures of spleen cells in comparison adoptive transfer of non-modulated DCs. Conversely, transfer of both modulated and non-modulated BMDCs had no effect on immune response of DO11.10 mice. Together, these results show that the treatment with iNOS and Arg inhibitors leads to increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules in DCs, and provides evidences that L-arginine metabolism may be an important therapeutic target for modulating immune responses in inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia U Simioni
- 1 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,2 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, FAM, Americana, SP, Brazil.,3 Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Gr Fernandes
- 2 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Americana, FAM, Americana, SP, Brazil.,4 Medical School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wirla Msc Tamashiro
- 1 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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18
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Erlandson KM, Lake JE. Fat Matters: Understanding the Role of Adipose Tissue in Health in HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2016; 13:20-30. [PMID: 26830284 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-016-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
More than one-third of adults in the USA are obese and obesity-related disease accounts for some of the leading causes of preventable death. Mid-life obesity may be a strong predictor of physical function impairment later in life regardless of body mass index (BMI) in older age, highlighting the benefits of obesity prevention on health throughout the lifespan. Adipose tissue disturbances including lipodystrophy and obesity are prevalent in the setting of treated and untreated HIV infection. This article will review current knowledge on fat disturbances in HIV-infected persons, including therapeutic options and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Erlandson
- University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Center, 12700 E 19th Ave, Mailstop B168, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Jordan E Lake
- University of California, Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Blvd., Ste. 100, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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