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Pan G, Chai L, Chen R, Yuan Q, Song Z, Feng W, Wei J, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Xie G, Yan A, Lv Q, Wang C, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Potential mechanism of Qinggong Shoutao pill alleviating age-associated memory decline based on integration strategy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:105-119. [PMID: 38145345 PMCID: PMC10763866 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2291689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Qinggong Shoutao Wan (QGSTW) is a pill used as a traditional medicine to treat age-associated memory decline (AAMI). However, its potential mechanisms are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study elucidates the possible mechanisms of QGSTW in treating AAMI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches were utilized to identify the potential pathway by which QGSTW alleviates AAMI. C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly into control, model, and QGSTW groups. A mouse model of AAMI was established by d-galactose, and the pathways that QGSTW acts on to ameliorate AAMI were determined by ELISA, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting after treatment with d-gal (100 mg/kg) and QGSTW (20 mL/kg) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Network pharmacology demonstrated that the targets of the active components were significantly enriched in the cAMP signaling pathway. AKT1, FOS, GRIN2B, and GRIN1 were the core target proteins. QGSTW treatment increased the discrimination index from -16.92 ± 7.06 to 23.88 ± 15.94% in the novel location test and from -19.54 ± 5.71 to 17.55 ± 6.73% in the novel object recognition test. ELISA showed that QGSTW could increase the levels of cAMP. Western blot analysis revealed that QGSTW could upregulate the expression of PKA, CREB, c-Fos, GluN1, GluA1, CaMKII-α, and SYN. Immunostaining revealed that the expression of SYN was decreased in the CA1 and DG. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study not only provides new insights into the mechanism of QGSTW in the treatment of AAMI but also provides important information and new research ideas for the discovery of traditional Chinese medicine compounds that can treat AAMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Pan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijuan Chai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinna Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guinan Xie
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - An Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Caijun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingqiang Zhao
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Song Q, Li J, Li T, Li H. Nanomaterials that Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, Resolving Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing Ability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403473. [PMID: 39101248 PMCID: PMC11481234 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
As a form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) suffers from no efficacious cure, yet AD treatment is still imperative, as it ameliorates the symptoms or prevents it from deteriorating or maintains the current status to the longest extent. The human brain is the most sensitive and complex organ in the body, which is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This yet induces the difficulty in curing AD as the drugs or nanomaterials that are much inhibited from reaching the lesion site. Thus, BBB crossing capability of drug delivery system remains a significant challenge in the development of neurological therapeutics. Fortunately, nano-enabled delivery systems possess promising potential to achieve multifunctional diagnostics/therapeutics against various targets of AD owing to their intriguing advantages of nanocarriers, including easy multifunctionalization on surfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio with large payloads, and potential ability to cross the BBB, making them capable of conquering the limitations of conventional drug candidates. This review, which focuses on the BBB crossing ability of the multifunctional nanomaterials in AD diagnosis and treatment, will provide an insightful vision that is conducive to the development of AD-related nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Song
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Junyou Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Ting Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hung‐Wing Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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Bhuiyan P, Zhang W, Liang G, Jiang B, Vera R, Chae R, Kim K, Louis LS, Wang Y, Liu J, Wei H. Intranasal Lithium Chloride Nanoparticles Inhibit Inflammatory Pyroptosis in Brains and Ameliorate Memory Loss and Depression Behavior in 5xFAD mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613794. [PMID: 39345574 PMCID: PMC11430220 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
This study compares the changes in lithium concentrations in the brain and blood following the administration of intranasal or oral lithium chloride (LiCl) dissolved in either Ryanodex Formulation Vehicle (RFV) or water, as well as the therapeutic effectiveness and side effects of intranasal versus oral lithium chloride (LiCl) in RFV, and their mechanisms for inhibiting inflammation and pyroptosis in 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mice brains. In comparison to oral LiCl in RFV, intranasal LiCl in RFV decreased lithium blood concentrations but increased brain concentrations and duration, resulting in a significantly higher brain/blood lithium concentration ratio than intranasal LiCl in water or oral LiCl in RFV in young adult mice. Intranasal LiCl in RFV robustly protects both memory loss and depressive behavior in both young and old 5xFAD mice, with no side effects or thyroid/kidney toxicity. In fact, intranasal LiCl in RFV protects against age-dependent kidney function impairment in 5xFAD mice. This lithium mediated neuroprotection was associated with its potent effects on the inhibition of InsP3R-1 Ca 2+ channel receptor increase, ameliorating pathological inflammation and activation of the pyroptosis pathway, and the associated loss of synapse proteins. Intranasal LiCl in RFV could become an effective and potent inhibitor of pathological inflammation/pyroptosis in the CNS and treat both dementia and depression with no or minimal side effects/organ toxicity, particular in AD.
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Wang J, Chen L, Wang Z, Zhang S, Ding D, Lin G, Zhang H, Boda VK, Kong D, Ortyl TC, Wang X, Lu L, Zhou FM, Bezprozvanny I, Du J, Wu Z, Li W, Liao FF. TRPC3 suppression ameliorates synaptic dysfunctions and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.611061. [PMID: 39345364 PMCID: PMC11430068 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.611061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are widely expressed in the brain; however, their precise roles in neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain elusive. Bioinformatic analysis of the published single-cell RNA-seq data collected from AD patient cohorts indicates that the Trpc3 gene is uniquely upregulated in excitatory neurons. TRPC3 expression is also upregulated in post-mortem AD brains, and in both acute and chronic mouse models of AD. Functional screening of TRPC3 antagonists resulted in a lead inhibitor JW-65, which completely rescued Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity (e.g., LTP), and learning memory in acute and chronic experimental AD models. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, we found that treatment with soluble β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs) induces rapid and sustained upregulation of the TRPC3 expression selectively in excitatory neurons. This aberrantly upregulated TRPC3 contributes to AβOs-induced Ca 2+ overload through the calcium entry and store-release mechanisms. The neuroprotective action of JW-65 is primarily mediated via restoring AβOs-impaired Ca 2+ /calmodulin-mediated signaling pathways, including calmodulin kinases CaMKII/IV and calcineurin (CaN). The synaptic protective mechanism via TRPC3 inhibition was further supported by hippocampal RNA-seq data from the symptomatic 5xFAD mice after chronic treatment with JW-65. Overall, these findings not only validate TRPC3 as a novel therapeutic target for treating synaptic dysfunction of AD but most importantly, disclose a distinct role of upregulated TRPC3 in AD pathogenesis in mediating Ca 2+ dyshomeostasis.
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Liu J, Lu Y, Bhuiyan P, Gruttner J, Louis LS, Yi Y, Liang G, Wei H. Intranasal dantrolene nanoparticles inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced depression and anxiety behavior in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.06.611461. [PMID: 39314481 PMCID: PMC11418943 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.06.611461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic effectiveness of intranasal dantrolene nanoparticles in the Ryanodex formulation (DNRF) pretreatment to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depressive and anxiety behavior in mice. Both wild-type (WT) B6SJLF1/J and 5XFAD adult mice were pretreated with intranasal DNRF (5mg/kg), daily, Monday to Friday, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. Then, mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS (5mg/kg) for one time. Behavioral tests for depression and anxiety were performed 24 hours after a one-time LPS injection. Biomarkers for inflammation (IL-1β and IL-18) in blood were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In both types of mice, intranasal DNRF significantly inhibited LPS-induced pathological elevation of IL-1β and IL-18 in the blood. Intranasal DNRF abolished LPS-induced depression and anxiety behaviors behavior in both WT and 5XFAD mice, without obvious side effects, which was associated with its significant inhibition of pathological elevation of pyroptosis related cytokines in blood.
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Bin Ibrahim MZ, Wang Z, Sajikumar S. Synapses tagged, memories kept: synaptic tagging and capture hypothesis in brain health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230237. [PMID: 38853570 PMCID: PMC11343274 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The synaptic tagging and capture (STC) hypothesis lays the framework on the synapse-specific mechanism of protein synthesis-dependent long-term plasticity upon synaptic induction. Activated synapses will display a transient tag that will capture plasticity-related products (PRPs). These two events, tag setting and PRP synthesis, can be teased apart and have been studied extensively-from their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties to the molecular events involved. Consequently, the hypothesis also permits interactions of synaptic populations that encode different memories within the same neuronal population-hence, it gives rise to the associativity of plasticity. In this review, the recent advances and progress since the experimental debut of the STC hypothesis will be shared. This includes the role of neuromodulation in PRP synthesis and tag integrity, behavioural correlates of the hypothesis and modelling in silico. STC, as a more sensitive assay for synaptic health, can also assess neuronal aberrations. We will also expound how synaptic plasticity and associativity are altered in ageing-related decline and pathological conditions such as juvenile stress, cancer, sleep deprivation and Alzheimer's disease. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaki Bin Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
| | - Zijun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
| | - Sreedharan Sajikumar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Neurobiology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore119077, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
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Hu Y, Zhao Z, Xu F, Ren X, Liu M, Zheng Z, Wang Q. Transcriptome and Animal Model Integration Reveals Inhibition of Calcium Homeostasis-Associated Gene ITPKB Alleviates Amyloid Plaque Deposition. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:42. [PMID: 38613644 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurological illness that causes memory loss and is a global problem. The calcium hypothesis recently steadily evolved in AD. The prospective targets for calcium homeostasis therapy, however, are limited, and gene expression-level research connected to calcium homeostasis in AD remains hazy. In this study, we analyzed the microarray dataset (GSE132903) taken from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to investigate calcium homeostasis-related genes for AD. Using immunoblot analysis, we examined the association of ITPKB with inflammation in AD. Additionally, the immunofluorescence technique was employed to assess the impact of pharmacological inhibition of ITPKB on the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition in APP/PS1 mice. This article's further exploration of calcium homeostasis-related genes has propelled the validation of the calcium homeostasis theory in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050047, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Zilei Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangjiakou Fourth Hospital, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, 075000, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 139 Ziqiang Road, Hebei, 050051, China.
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Trombetta BA, Wu C, Kuo E, de Geus MB, Dodge HH, Carlyle BC, Kivisäkk P, Arnold SE. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiling of diverse pathophysiological domains in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2024; 10:e12440. [PMID: 38356471 PMCID: PMC10865489 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles in the brain, it is evident that many other pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangements also contribute to the disease process and that varying contributions of these pathways may reflect the heterogeneity of AD. Here, we used a previously validated panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to explore the degree to which different pathophysiological domains are dysregulated in AD and how they relate to each other. METHODS Twenty-five CSF biomarkers were analyzed in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD verified by positive CSF AD biomarkers (AD, n = 54) and cognitively unimpaired controls negative for CSF AD biomarkers (CU-N, n = 26) using commercial single- and multi-plex immunoassays. RESULTS We noted that while AD was associated with increased levels of only three biomarkers (MMP-10, FABP3, and 8OHdG) on a group level, half of all AD participants had increased levels of biomarkers belonging to at least two pathophysiological domains reflecting the diversity in AD. LASSO modeling showed that a panel of FABP3, 24OHC, MMP-10, MMP-2, and 8OHdG constituted the most relevant and minimally correlated set of variables differentiating AD from CU-N. Interestingly, factor analysis showed that two markers of metabolism and oxidative stress (24OHC and 8OHdG) contributed independent information separate from MMP-10 and FABP3 suggestive of two independent pathophysiological pathways in AD, one reflecting neurodegeneration and vascular pathology, and the other associated with metabolism and oxidative stress. DISCUSSION Better understanding of the heterogeneity among individuals with AD and the different contributions of pathophysiological processes besides amyloid-β and tau will be crucial for optimizing personalized treatment strategies. Highlights A panel of 25 highly validated biomarker assays were measured in CSF.MMP10, FABP3, and 8OHdG were increased in AD in univariate analysis.Many individuals with AD had increased levels of more than one biomarker.Markers of metabolism and oxidative stress contributed to an AD multianalyte profile.Assessing multiple biomarker domains is important to understand disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca A. Trombetta
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Chao‐Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Evan Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Matthijs B. de Geus
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Cell & Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Hiroko H. Dodge
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Becky C. Carlyle
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Pia Kivisäkk
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Clinical and Translational Research UnitMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Weiler M, Stieger KC, Shroff K, Klein JP, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Chandrasekaran P, Lehrmann E, Camandola S, Long JM, Mattson MP, Becker KG, Rapp PR. Transcriptional changes in the rat brain induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1215291. [PMID: 38021223 PMCID: PMC10679736 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1215291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive technique that uses pulsed magnetic fields to affect the physiology of the brain and central nervous system. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) has been used to study and treat several neurological conditions, but its complex molecular basis is largely unexplored. Methods Utilizing three experimental rat models (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo) and employing genome-wide microarray analysis, our study reveals the extensive impact of rTMS treatment on gene expression patterns. Results These effects are observed across various stimulation protocols, in diverse tissues, and are influenced by time and age. Notably, rTMS-induced alterations in gene expression span a wide range of biological pathways, such as glutamatergic, GABAergic, and anti-inflammatory pathways, ion channels, myelination, mitochondrial energetics, multiple neuron-and synapse-specific genes. Discussion This comprehensive transcriptional analysis induced by rTMS stimulation serves as a foundational characterization for subsequent experimental investigations and the exploration of potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Weiler
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin C. Stieger
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kavisha Shroff
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jessie P. Klein
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - William H. Wood
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Prabha Chandrasekaran
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Simonetta Camandola
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Long
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin G. Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter R. Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zhang H, Bezprozvanny I. "Dirty Dancing" of Calcium and Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051187. [PMID: 37240832 DOI: 10.3390/life13051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. There is a growing body of evidence that dysregulation in neuronal calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a major role in the initiation of AD pathogenesis. In particular, it is well established that Ryanodine receptor (RyanR) expression levels are increased in AD neurons and Ca2+ release via RyanRs is augmented in AD neurons. Autophagy is important for removing unnecessary or dysfunctional components and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy impairment in AD neurons has been extensively reported. In this review we discuss recent results that suggest a causal link between intracellular Ca2+ signaling and lysosomal/autophagic dysregulation. These new results offer novel mechanistic insight into AD pathogenesis and may potentially lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets for treating AD and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
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Derkaczew M, Martyniuk P, Osowski A, Wojtkiewicz J. Cyclitols: From Basic Understanding to Their Association with Neurodegeneration. Nutrients 2023; 15:2029. [PMID: 37432155 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common cyclitols found in eukaryotic cells-Myo-inositol (MI) and its derivatives play a key role in many cellular processes such as ion channel physiology, signal transduction, phosphate storage, cell wall formation, membrane biogenesis and osmoregulation. The aim of this paper is to characterize the possibility of neurodegenerative disorders treatment using MI and the research of other therapeutic methods linked to MI's derivatives. Based on the reviewed literature the researchers focus on the most common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Spinocerebellar ataxias, but there are also works describing other seldom encountered diseases. The use of MI, d-pinitol and other methods altering MI's metabolism, although research on this topic has been conducted for years, still needs much closer examination. The dietary supplementation of MI shows a promising effect on the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and can be of great help in alleviating the accompanying depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Derkaczew
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students' Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Martyniuk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students' Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Lim D, Tapella L, Dematteis G, Genazzani AA, Corazzari M, Verkhratsky A. The endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response in Alzheimer's disease: a calcium dyshomeostasis perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101914. [PMID: 36948230 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein misfolding is prominent in early cellular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating pathophysiological significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (ER stress/UPR) and highlighting it as a target for drug development. Experimental data from animal AD models and observations on human specimens are, however, inconsistent. ER stress and associated UPR are readily observed in in vitro AD cellular models and in some AD model animals. In the human brain, components and markers of ER stress as well as UPR transducers are observed at Braak stages III-VI associated with severe neuropathology and neuronal death. The picture, however, is further complicated by the brain region- and cell type-specificity of the AD-related pathology. Terms 'disturbed' or 'non-canonical' ER stress/UPR were used to describe the discrepancies between experimental data and the classic ER stress/UPR cascade. Here we discuss possible 'disturbing' or 'interfering' factors which may modify ER stress/UPR in the early AD pathogenesis. We focus on the dysregulation of the ER Ca2+ homeostasis, store-operated Ca2+ entry, and the interaction between the ER and mitochondria. We suggest that a detailed study of the CNS cell type-specific alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis in early AD may deepen our understanding of AD-related dysproteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Via Bovio 6, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Health Science (DSS), Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease (CAAD) & Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro"
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain & Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Jadiya P, Cohen HM, Kolmetzky DW, Kadam AA, Tomar D, Elrod JW. Neuronal loss of NCLX-dependent mitochondrial calcium efflux mediates age-associated cognitive decline. iScience 2023; 26:106296. [PMID: 36936788 PMCID: PMC10014305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial calcium overload contributes to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We recently reported that loss of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX), the primary mechanism of mCa2+ efflux, promotes mCa2+ overload, metabolic derangement, redox stress, and cognitive decline in models of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether disrupted mCa2+ signaling contributes to neuronal pathology and cognitive decline independent of pre-existing amyloid or tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we generated mice with neuronal deletion of the mitochondrial sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX, Slc8b1 gene), and evaluated age-associated changes in cognitive function and neuropathology. Neuronal loss of NCLX resulted in an age-dependent decline in spatial and cued recall memory, moderate amyloid deposition, mild tau pathology, synaptic remodeling, and indications of cell death. These results demonstrate that loss of NCLX-dependent mCa2+ efflux alone is sufficient to induce an Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and highlights the promise of therapies targeting mCa2+ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jadiya
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Henry M. Cohen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Devin W. Kolmetzky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ashlesha A. Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - John W. Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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14
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Zhang H, Knight C, Chen SRW, Bezprozvanny I. A Gating Mutation in Ryanodine Receptor Type 2 Rescues Phenotypes of Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models by Upregulating Neuronal Autophagy. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1441-1454. [PMID: 36627208 PMCID: PMC9987572 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1820-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that ryanodine receptors (RyanRs) are overactive in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and it has been suggested that inhibition of RyanR is potentially beneficial for AD treatment. In the present study, we explored a potential connection between basal RyanR activity and autophagy in neurons. Autophagy plays an important role in clearing damaged organelles and long-lived protein aggregates, and autophagy dysregulation occurs in both AD patients and AD animal models. Autophagy is known to be regulated by intracellular calcium (Ca2+) signals, and our results indicated that basal RyanR2 activity in hippocampal neurons inhibited autophagy through activation of calcineurin and the resulting inhibition of the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase)-ULK1 (unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1) pathway. Thus, we hypothesized that increased basal RyanR2 activity in AD may lead to the inhibition of neuronal autophagy and accumulation of β-amyloid. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage of the RyanR2-E4872Q knock-in mouse model (EQ) in which basal RyanR2 activity is reduced because of shortened channel open time. We discovered that crossing EQ mice with the APPKI and APPPS1 mouse models of AD (both males and females) rescued amyloid accumulation and LTP impairment in these mice. Our results revealed that reduced basal activity of RyanR2-EQ channels disinhibited the autophagic pathway and led to increased amyloid clearance in these models. These data indicated a potential pathogenic outcome of RyanR2 overactivation in AD and also provided additional targets for therapeutic intervention in AD. Basal activity of ryanodine receptors controls neuronal autophagy and contributes to development of the AD phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is well established that neuronal autophagy is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our results suggest that supranormal calcium (Ca2+) release from endoplasmic reticulum contributes to the inhibition of autophagy in AD and that reduction in basal activity of type 2 ryanodine receptors disinhibits the neuronal autophagic pathway and leads to increased amyloid clearance in AD models. Our findings directly link neuronal Ca2+ dysregulation with autophagy dysfunction in AD and point to additional targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - Caitlynn Knight
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - S R Wayne Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, St. Petersburg State Polytechnical Universty, St. Petersburg 195251, Russian Federation
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15
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Lazarev VF, Dutysheva EA, Kanunikov IE, Guzhova IV, Margulis BA. Protein Interactome of Amyloid-β as a Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:312. [PMID: 37259455 PMCID: PMC9965366 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid concept of Alzheimer's disease (AD) assumes the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) as the main pathogenic factor, which injures neural and other brain cells, causing their malfunction and death. Although Aβ has been documented to exert its cytotoxic effect in a solitary manner, there is much evidence to claim that its toxicity can be modulated by other proteins. The list of such Aβ co-factors or interactors includes tau, APOE, transthyretin, and others. These molecules interact with the peptide and affect the ability of Aβ to form oligomers or aggregates, modulating its toxicity. Thus, the list of potential substances able to reduce the harmful effects of the peptide should include ones that can prevent the pathogenic interactions by specifically binding Aβ and/or its partners. In the present review, we discuss the data on Aβ-based complexes in AD pathogenesis and on the compounds directly targeting Aβ or the destructors of its complexes with other polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir F. Lazarev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta A. Dutysheva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor E. Kanunikov
- Biological Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V. Guzhova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris A. Margulis
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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16
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Role of Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Neuroinflammation to Ca2+ Homeostasis Dysregulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172728. [PMID: 36078138 PMCID: PMC9454513 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide, with a complex, poorly understood pathogenesis. Cerebral atrophy, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles represent the main pathological hallmarks of the AD brain. Recently, neuroinflammation has been recognized as a prominent feature of the AD brain and substantial evidence suggests that the inflammatory response modulates disease progression. Additionally, dysregulation of calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis represents another early factor involved in the AD pathogenesis, as intracellular Ca2+ concentration is essential to ensure proper cellular and neuronal functions. Although growing evidence supports the involvement of Ca2+ in the mechanisms of neurodegeneration-related inflammatory processes, scant data are available on its contribution in microglia and astrocytes functioning, both in health and throughout the AD continuum. Nevertheless, AD-related aberrant Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes and microglia is crucially involved in the mechanisms underpinning neuroinflammatory processes that, in turn, impact neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and brain function. In this light, we attempted to provide an overview of the current understanding of the interactions between the glia cells-mediated inflammatory responses and the molecular mechanisms involved in Ca2+ homeostasis dysregulation in AD.
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17
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Hidisoglu E, Kantar D, Ozdemir S, Yargicoglu P. Cognitive dysfunctions and spontaneous EEG alterations induced by hippocampal amyloid pathology in rats. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:328-337. [PMID: 36058175 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine the effects of different doses of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide on learning and memory, and whether the changes in brain oscillations induced by dose-dependent accumulation of Aβ could be used as biomarkers to detect early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male albino Wistar rats aged 3 months were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12/group) obtained by i. h. Injection (to the dorsal hippocampus) of saline or different doses of 0.01 μg/μl, 0.1 μg/μl, and 1 μg/μl of Aβ. After two weeks of recovery period, open field and novel object recognition tests were performed and spontaneous EEG recordings were obtained. Later, hippocampus tissues were collected for Western blot and ELISA analysis. RESULTS A significant decrement in recognition memory was observed in 0.1 μg/μl, and 1 μg/μl injected groups. In addition, Aβ accumulation induced significant decrement of the expression of NeuN, SNAP-25, SYP, and PSD-95 proteins, and led to the increment of GFAP expression in hippocampus. Moreover, we detected remarkable alterations in spontaneous brain activity. The hippocampal Aβ levels were negatively correlated with hippocampal gamma power and positively correlated with hippocampal theta power. Also, we observed significant changes in coherence values, indicating the functional connectivity between different brain regions, after the accumulation of Aβ. Especially, there was a significant correlation between changes in frontohippocampal theta coherence and in frontotemporal theta coherence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Aβ peptide induces AD-like molecular changes at certain doses, and these changes could be detected by evaluating brain oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Hidisoglu
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Turin University, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy; Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Kantar
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Piraye Yargicoglu
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine Department of Biophysics, Antalya, Turkey
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18
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Meng X, Wei Q, Meng L, Liu J, Wu Y, Liu W. Feature Fusion and Detection in Alzheimer's Disease Using a Novel Genetic Multi-Kernel SVM Based on MRI Imaging and Gene Data. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:837. [PMID: 35627222 PMCID: PMC9140721 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry provides an opportunity to study Alzheimer's disease (AD) at a subtle level. Therefore, identifying the important brain voxels that can classify AD, early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI) and healthy control (HC) and studying the role of these voxels in AD will be crucial to improve our understanding of the neurobiological mechanism of AD. Combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging and gene information, we proposed a novel feature construction method and a novel genetic multi-kernel support vector machine (SVM) method to mine important features for AD detection. Specifically, to amplify the differences among AD, EMCI and HC groups, we used the eigenvalues of the top 24 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a p-value matrix of 24 genes associated with AD for feature construction. Furthermore, a genetic multi-kernel SVM was established with the resulting features. The genetic algorithm was used to detect the optimal weights of 3 kernels and the multi-kernel SVM was used after training to explore the significant features. By analyzing the significance of the features, we identified some brain regions affected by AD, such as the right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus. The findings proved the good performance and generalization of the proposed model. Particularly, significant susceptibility genes associated with AD were identified, such as CSMD1, RBFOX1, PTPRD, CDH13 and WWOX. Some significant pathways were further explored, such as the calcium signaling pathway (corrected p-value = 1.35 × 10-6) and cell adhesion molecules (corrected p-value = 5.44 × 10-4). The findings offer new candidate abnormal brain features and demonstrate the contribution of these features to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Meng
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China; (X.M.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qingpeng Wei
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China; (X.M.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Li Meng
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Junlong Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China; (X.M.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China; (X.M.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Computer Information and Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou 213032, China; (X.M.); (Q.W.); (J.L.); (Y.W.)
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19
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Ju Y, Tam KY. Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:543-549. [PMID: 34380884 PMCID: PMC8504384 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.320970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a rather complex neurodegenerative disease, which is attributed to a combination of multiple factors. Among the many pathological pathways, synaptic dysfunctions, such as synapses loss and deficits in synaptic plasticity, were thought to be strongly associated with cognitive decline. The deficiencies in various sorts of neurotransmissions are responsible for the multifarious neurodegenerative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease, for example, the cholinergic and glutamatergic deficits for cognitive decline, the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission dyshomeostasis for synaptic plasticity deficits and epileptiform symptoms, and the monoamine neurotransmission for neuropsychiatric symptoms. Amyloid cascade hypothesis is the most popular pathological theory to explain Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and attracts considerable attention. Multiple lines of genetic and pathological evidence support the predominant role of amyloid beta in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Neurofibrillary tangles assembled by microtubule-associated protein tau are other important histopathological characteristics in Alzheimer's disease brains. Cascade of tau toxicity was proved to lead to neuron damage, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in brain. Ageing is the main risk factor of neurodegenerative diseases, and is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced metabolism, endocrine insufficiencies and organ failures. These aging related risk factors were also proved to be some of the risk factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease. In Alzheimer's disease drug development, many good therapeutic strategies have been investigated in clinical evaluations. However, complex mechanism of Alzheimer's disease and the interplay among different pathological factors call for the come out of all-powerful therapies with multiple curing functions. This review seeks to summarize some of the representative treatments targeting different pathological pathways currently under clinical evaluations. Multi-target therapies as an emerging strategy for Alzheimer's disease treatment will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojun Ju
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau Special Adiministrative Region, China
| | - Kin Yip Tam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau Special Adiministrative Region, China
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20
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Prista von Bonhorst F, Gall D, Dupont G. Impact of β-Amyloids Induced Disruption of Ca2+ Homeostasis in a Simple Model of Neuronal Activity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040615. [PMID: 35203266 PMCID: PMC8869902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a marked dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In particular, toxic β-amyloids (Aβ) perturb the activities of numerous Ca2+ transporters or channels. Because of the tight coupling between Ca2+ dynamics and the membrane electrical activity, such perturbations are also expected to affect neuronal excitability. We used mathematical modeling to systematically investigate the effects of changing the activities of the various targets of Aβ peptides reported in the literature on calcium dynamics and neuronal excitability. We found that the evolution of Ca2+ concentration just below the plasma membrane is regulated by the exchanges with the extracellular medium, and is practically independent from the Ca2+ exchanges with the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, disruptions of Ca2+ homeostasis interfering with signaling do not affect the electrical properties of the neurons at the single cell level. In contrast, the model predicts that by affecting the activities of L-type Ca2+ channels or Ca2+-activated K+ channels, Aβ peptides promote neuronal hyperexcitability. On the contrary, they induce hypo-excitability when acting on the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases. Finally, the presence of pores of amyloids in the plasma membrane can induce hypo- or hyperexcitability, depending on the conditions. These modeling conclusions should help with analyzing experimental observations in which Aβ peptides interfere at several levels with Ca2+ signaling and neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Prista von Bonhorst
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences (CP231), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - David Gall
- Research Laboratory in Human Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine (CP636), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences (CP231), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Busquets O, Parcerisas A, Verdaguer E, Ettcheto M, Camins A, Beas-Zarate C, Castro-Torres RD, Auladell C. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases in Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Target for the Modulation of the Earliest Alterations. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S127-S139. [PMID: 33216036 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the highly multifactorial origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, disentangling and orderly knowing mechanisms involved in sporadic onset are arduous. Nevertheless, when the elements involved are dissected into smaller pieces, the task becomes more accessible. This review aimed to describe the link between c-Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs), master regulators of many cellular functions, and the early alterations of AD: synaptic loss and dysregulation of neuronal transport. Both processes have a role in the posterior cognitive decline observed in AD. The manuscript focuses on the molecular mechanisms of glutamatergic, GABA, and cholinergic synapses altered by the presence of amyloid-β aggregates and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as on several consequences of the disruption of cellular processes linked to neuronal transport that is controlled by the JNK-JIP (c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting proteins (JIPs) complex, including the transport of AβPP or autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Busquets
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Antoni Parcerisas
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry; Pharmacy and Food Sciences Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Neural Regeneration, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rubén Darío Castro-Torres
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Biology of Neurotransmission, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carme Auladell
- Centre for Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Alldred MJ, Lee SH, Stutzmann GE, Ginsberg SD. Oxidative Phosphorylation Is Dysregulated Within the Basocortical Circuit in a 6-month old Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:707950. [PMID: 34489678 PMCID: PMC8417045 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.707950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the primary genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID), which is due to the triplication of human chromosome 21 (HSA21). In addition to ID, HSA21 trisomy results in a number of neurological and physiological pathologies in individuals with DS, including progressive cognitive dysfunction and learning and memory deficits which worsen with age. Further exacerbating neurological dysfunction associated with DS is the concomitant basal forebrain cholinergic neuron (BFCN) degeneration and onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in early mid-life. Recent single population RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS, specifically the medial septal cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF), revealed the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway was significantly impacted, with a large subset of genes within this pathway being downregulated. We further queried oxidative phosphorylation pathway dysregulation in Ts65Dn mice by examining genes and encoded proteins within brain regions comprising the basocortical system at the start of BFCN degeneration (6 months of age). In select Ts65Dn mice we demonstrate significant deficits in gene and/or encoded protein levels of Complex I-V of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the BF. In the frontal cortex (Fr Ctx) these complexes had concomitant alterations in select gene expression but not of the proteins queried from Complex I-V, suggesting that defects at this time point in the BF are more severe and occur prior to cortical dysfunction within the basocortical circuit. We propose dysregulation within mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes is an early marker of cognitive decline onset and specifically linked to BFCN degeneration that may propagate pathology throughout cortical memory and executive function circuits in DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Discipline of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States.,Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Abstract
We sought to review the effects of statins on the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and on RyR-associated diseases, with an emphasis on catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Statins can affect skeletal muscle and produce statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) but have no adverse effects on cardiac muscle. These contrasting effects may be due to differences in how statins affect the skeletal (RyR1) and cardiac (RyR2) RyR. We searched PubMed to identify English language articles reporting the pathophysiology of the RyR, the effect of statins on RyR function, and on RyR-associated genetic diseases. We selected 150 articles for abstract review, 96 of which provided sufficient information to be included and were reviewed in detail. Fifteen articles highlighted the interaction of statins with the RyR. Nine identified the interaction of statins with RyR1, six addressed the interaction of statins with RyR2, 13 suggested that statins reduce ventricular arrhythmias (VA), and seven suggested that statins increase the risk of malignant hyperthermia (MH). In general, statins increase RyR1 and decrease RyR2 activity. We identified no articles examining the effect of statins on CPVT, a condition often caused by defects in RyR2. Statins appear to increase the risk of MH and decrease the risk of ventricular arrhythmia. The effect of statins on CPVT has not been directly examined, but statins' reduction in RyR2 function and their apparent reduction in VA suggest that they may be beneficial in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Haseeb
- Division of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Paul D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
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24
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Ferrer I, Andrés-Benito P, Ausín K, Pamplona R, Del Rio JA, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Dysregulated protein phosphorylation: A determining condition in the continuum of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12996. [PMID: 34218486 PMCID: PMC8549032 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau hyperphosphorylation is the first step of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation. In the present study, samples of the entorhinal cortex (EC) and frontal cortex area 8 (FC) of cases with NFT pathology classified as stages I-II, III-IV, and V-VI without comorbidities, and of middle-aged (MA) individuals with no NFT pathology, were analyzed by conventional label-free and SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) to assess the (phospho)proteomes. The total number of identified dysregulated phosphoproteins was 214 in the EC, 65 of which were dysregulated at the first stages (I-II) of NFT pathology; 167 phosphoproteins were dysregulated in the FC, 81 of them at stages I-II of NFT pathology. A large percentage of dysregulated phosphoproteins were identified in the two regions and at different stages of NFT progression. The main group of dysregulated phosphoproteins was made up of components of the membranes, cytoskeleton, synapses, proteins linked to membrane transport and ion channels, and kinases. The present results show abnormal phosphorylation of proteins at the first stages of NFT pathology in the elderly (in individuals clinically considered representative of normal aging) and sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). Dysregulated protein phosphorylation in the FC precedes the formation of NFTs and SPs. The most active period of dysregulated phosphorylation is at stages III-IV when a subpopulation of individuals might be clinically categorized as suffering from mild cognitive impairment which is a preceding determinant stage in the progression to dementia. Altered phosphorylation of selected proteins, carried out by activation of several kinases, may alter membrane and cytoskeletal functions, among them synaptic transmission and membrane/cytoskeleton signaling. Besides their implications in sAD, the present observations suggest a molecular substrate for "benign" cognitive deterioration in "normal" brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Institute of Health Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Karina Ausín
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology, Science Park Barcelona (PCB, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
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25
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Cascella R, Cecchi C. Calcium Dyshomeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094914. [PMID: 34066371 PMCID: PMC8124842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid β-protein deposition in senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles consisting of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein, and neuronal loss leading to cognitive decline and dementia. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanisms underlying AD remain unknown and effective treatment is not available. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain AD pathophysiology; however, there is general consensus that the abnormal aggregation of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ) is the initial event triggering a pathogenic cascade of degenerating events in cholinergic neurons. The dysregulation of calcium homeostasis has been studied considerably to clarify the mechanisms of neurodegeneration induced by Aβ. Intracellular calcium acts as a second messenger and plays a key role in the regulation of neuronal functions, such as neural growth and differentiation, action potential, and synaptic plasticity. The calcium hypothesis of AD posits that activation of the amyloidogenic pathway affects neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and the mechanisms responsible for learning and memory. Aβ can disrupt Ca2+ signaling through several mechanisms, by increasing the influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space and by activating its release from intracellular stores. Here, we review the different molecular mechanisms and receptors involved in calcium dysregulation in AD and possible therapeutic strategies for improving the treatment.
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26
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Im S, Lee J, Kim S. Preliminary Comparison of Subcortical Structures in Elderly Subclinical Depression: Structural Analysis with 3T MRI. Exp Neurobiol 2021; 30:183-202. [PMID: 33972469 PMCID: PMC8118753 DOI: 10.5607/en20056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression in the elderly population has shown increased likelihood of neurological disorders due to structural changes in the subcortical area. However, further investigation into depression related subcortical changes is needed due to mismatches in structural analysis results between studies as well as scarcities in research regarding subcortical connectivity patterns of subclinical depression populations. This study aims to investigate structural differences in subcortical regions of aged participants with subclinical depression using 3Tesla MRI. In structural analysis, volumes of each subcortical region were measured to observe the volumetric difference and asymmetry between groups, but no significant difference was found. In addition, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) did not show any significant differences between groups. Structural analysis using probabilistic tractography indicated that the connection strength between left nucleus accumbens-right hippocampus, and right thalamus-right caudate was higher in the control group than the subclinical depression group. The differences in subcortical connection strength of subclinical depression groups, have shown to correlate with emotional and cognitive disorders, such as anxiety and memory impairment. We believe that the analysis of structural differences and cross-regional network measures in subcortical structures can help identify neurophysiological changes occurring in subclinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangJin Im
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer & Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Siekyeong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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27
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Martinez NW, Gómez FE, Matus S. The Potential Role of Protein Kinase R as a Regulator of Age-Related Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:638208. [PMID: 33994991 PMCID: PMC8113420 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.638208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing evidence describing a decline in adaptive homeostasis in aging-related diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), many of which are characterized by the appearance of non-native protein aggregates. One signaling pathway that allows cell adaptation is the integrated stress response (ISR), which senses stress stimuli through four kinases. ISR activation promotes translational arrest through the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and the induction of a gene expression program to restore cellular homeostasis. However, depending on the stimulus, ISR can also induce cell death. One of the ISR sensors is the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase [protein kinase R (PKR)], initially described as a viral infection sensor, and now a growing evidence supports a role for PKR on CNS physiology. PKR has been largely involved in the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathological process. Here, we reviewed the antecedents supporting the role of PKR on the efficiency of synaptic transmission and cognition. Then, we review PKR’s contribution to AD and discuss the possible participation of PKR as a player in the neurodegenerative process involved in aging-related pathologies affecting the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás W Martinez
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Soledad Matus
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
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28
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McDaid J, Briggs CA, Barrington NM, Peterson DA, Kozlowski DA, Stutzmann GE. Sustained Hippocampal Synaptic Pathophysiology Following Single and Repeated Closed-Head Concussive Impacts. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652721. [PMID: 33867941 PMCID: PMC8044326 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's (AD), are of increasing concern in part due to enhanced awareness of their long-term neurological effects on memory and behavior. Repeated concussions, vs. single concussions, have been shown to result in worsened and sustained symptoms including impaired cognition and histopathology. To assess and compare the persistent effects of single or repeated concussive impacts on mediators of memory encoding such as synaptic transmission, plasticity, and cellular Ca2+ signaling, a closed-head controlled cortical impact (CCI) approach was used which closely replicates the mode of injury in clinical cases. Adult male rats received a sham procedure, a single impact, or three successive impacts at 48-hour intervals. After 30 days, hippocampal slices were prepared for electrophysiological recordings and 2-photon Ca2+ imaging, or fixed and immunostained for pathogenic phospho-tau species. In both concussion groups, hippocampal circuits showed hyper-excitable synaptic responsivity upon Schaffer collateral stimulation compared to sham animals, indicating sustained defects in hippocampal circuitry. This was not accompanied by sustained LTP deficits, but resting Ca2+ levels and voltage-gated Ca2+ signals were elevated in both concussion groups, while ryanodine receptor-evoked Ca2+ responses decreased with repeat concussions. Furthermore, pathogenic phospho-tau staining was progressively elevated in both concussion groups, with spreading beyond the hemisphere of injury, consistent with CTE. Thus, single and repeated concussions lead to a persistent upregulation of excitatory hippocampal synapses, possibly through changes in postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling/regulation, which may contribute to histopathology and detrimental long-term cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clark A. Briggs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikki M. Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dorothy A. Kozlowski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Program, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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29
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Ryan KC, Ashkavand Z, Norman KR. The Role of Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis in Alzheimer's and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239153. [PMID: 33271784 PMCID: PMC7730848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling is essential for neuronal function, and its dysregulation has been implicated across neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A close reciprocal relationship exists between calcium signaling and mitochondrial function. Growing evidence in a variety of AD models indicates that calcium dyshomeostasis drastically alters mitochondrial activity which, in turn, drives neurodegeneration. This review discusses the potential pathogenic mechanisms by which calcium impairs mitochondrial function in AD, focusing on the impact of calcium in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial communication, mitochondrial transport, oxidative stress, and protein homeostasis. This review also summarizes recent data that highlight the need for exploring the mechanisms underlying calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction while suggesting potential targets for modulating mitochondrial calcium levels to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
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30
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Therapeutic Strategies to Target Calcium Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112513. [PMID: 33233678 PMCID: PMC7699688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, affecting millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, none of the current treatments are effective at improving cognitive function in AD patients and, therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapies that target the early cause(s) of AD. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) regulation is critical for proper cellular and neuronal function. It has been suggested that Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is an upstream factor of many neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. For this reason, chemical agents or small molecules aimed at targeting or correcting this Ca2+ dysregulation might serve as therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of AD. Moreover, neurons are not alone in exhibiting Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, since Ca2+ disruption is observed in other cell types in the brain in AD. In this review, we examine the distinct Ca2+ channels and compartments involved in the disease mechanisms that could be potential targets in AD.
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31
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Chavushyan V, Soghomonyan A, Karapetyan G, Simonyan K, Yenkoyan K. Disruption of Cholinergic Circuits as an Area for Targeted Drug Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: In Vivo Assessment of Short-Term Plasticity in Rat Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100297. [PMID: 33050228 PMCID: PMC7600922 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for new therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is still in progress. Aberrant pathways of synaptic transmission in basal forebrain cholinergic neural circuits are thought to be associated with the progression of AD. However, the effect of amyloid-beta (Aβ) on short-term plasticity (STP) of cholinergic circuits in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) is largely unknown. STP assessment in rat brain cholinergic circuitry may indicate a new target for AD cholinergic therapeutics. Thus, we aimed to study in vivo electrophysiological patterns of synaptic activity in NBM-hippocampus and NBM-basolateral amygdala circuits associated with AD-like neurodegeneration. The extracellular single-unit recordings of responses from the hippocampal and basolateral amygdala neurons to high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the NBM were performed after intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ 25–35. We found that after Aβ 25–35 exposure the number of hippocampal neurons exhibiting inhibitory responses to HFS of NBM is decreased. The reverse tendency was seen in the basolateral amygdala inhibitory neural populations, whereas the number of amygdala neurons with excitatory responses decreased. The low intensity of inhibitory and excitatory responses during HFS and post-stimulus period is probably due to the anomalous basal synaptic transmission and excitability of hippocampal and amygdala neurons. These functional changes were accompanied by structural alteration of hippocampal, amygdala, and NBM neurons. We have thus demonstrated that Aβ 25–35 induces STP disruption in NBM-hippocampus and NBM-basolateral amygdala circuits as manifested by unbalanced excitatory/inhibitory responses and their frequency. The results of this study may contribute to a better understanding of synaptic integrity. We believe that advancing our understanding of in vivo mechanisms of synaptic plasticity disruption in specific neural circuits could lead to effective drug searches for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vergine Chavushyan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (V.C.); (A.S.); (G.K.)
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Relations, L. Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS, Yerevan 0028, Armenia;
| | - Ani Soghomonyan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (V.C.); (A.S.); (G.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Gohar Karapetyan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (V.C.); (A.S.); (G.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Karen Simonyan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Relations, L. Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS, Yerevan 0028, Armenia;
| | - Konstantin Yenkoyan
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia; (V.C.); (A.S.); (G.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +374-11-621-074
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32
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Agrawal RR, Montesinos J, Larrea D, Area-Gomez E, Pera M. The silence of the fats: A MAM's story about Alzheimer. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105062. [PMID: 32866617 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of contact sites was a breakthrough in cell biology. We have learned that an organelle cannot function in isolation, and that many cellular functions depend on communication between two or more organelles. One such contact site results from the close apposition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, known as mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). These intracellular lipid rafts serve as hubs for the regulation of cellular lipid and calcium homeostasis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that MAM domains modulate cellular function in both health and disease. Indeed, MAM dysfunction has been described as a key event in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. Our most recent work shows that, by means of its affinity for cholesterol, APP-C99 accumulates in MAM domains of the ER and induces the uptake of extracellular cholesterol as well as its trafficking from the plasma membrane to the ER. As a result, MAM functionality becomes chronically upregulated while undergoing continual turnover. The goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of C99 elevation in AD, specifically the upregulation of cholesterol trafficking and MAM activity, which abrogate cellular lipid homeostasis and disrupt the lipid composition of cellular membranes. Overall, we present a novel framework for AD pathogenesis that can be linked to the many complex alterations that occur during disease progression, and that may open a door to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Agrawal
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Delfina Larrea
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Estela Area-Gomez
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Marta Pera
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina I Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Sant Cugat del Vallés, 08195, Spain.
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33
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Embryonic proteoglycans regulate monoamines in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104838. [PMID: 32853753 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using the rat Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like model we have analyzed the hippocampal short-term potentiation, levels of monoamines, and morphological changes in the hippocampal and cortical neurons after the administration of proteoglycans of embryonic origin (PEG). Results showed that the levels of monoamines and especially norepinephrine in the target AD brain structures were found elevated, except serotonin, which was unaffected in the hippocampus, but decreased in the frontal cortex. These changes were accompanied by the substantial structural damage of cortical and hippocampal neurons. PEG was able to reverse most of these changes. In addition, PEG administration had regime-dependent effects on a short-term potentiation pattern of hippocampal neurons. The elevated levels of key elements of brain monoaminergic system in the model of AD support the hypothesis of the important role of monoamines in the excessive synaptic excitation resulting in cognitive dysfunction in AD brain. The neuroprotective effect of PEG, as manifested by the recovery of the monoaminergic system, suggests this bioactive substance as a perspective therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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34
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Schrank S, Barrington N, Stutzmann GE. Calcium-Handling Defects and Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a035212. [PMID: 31427373 PMCID: PMC7328457 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Nikki Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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35
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Soto-Mercado V, Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Lopera F, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Cholinergic-like neurons carrying PSEN1 E280A mutation from familial Alzheimer's disease reveal intraneuronal sAPPβ fragments accumulation, hyperphosphorylation of TAU, oxidative stress, apoptosis and Ca2+ dysregulation: Therapeutic implications. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0221669. [PMID: 32437347 PMCID: PMC7241743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive disturbance as a consequence of the loss of cholinergic neurons in the brain, neuritic plaques and hyperphosphorylation of TAU protein. Although the underlying mechanisms leading to these events are unclear, mutations in presenilin 1 (PSEN1), e.g., E280A (PSEN1 E280A), are causative factors for autosomal dominant early-onset familial AD (FAD). Despite advances in the understanding of the physiopathology of AD, there are no efficient therapies to date. Limitations in culturing brain-derived live neurons might explain the limited effectiveness of AD research. Here, we show that mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) can be used to model FAD, providing novel opportunities to study cellular mechanisms and to establish therapeutic strategies. Indeed, we cultured MSCs with the FAD mutation PSEN1 E280A and wild-type (WT) PSEN1 from umbilical cords and characterized the transdifferentiation of these cells into cholinergic-like neurons (ChLNs). PSEN1 E280A ChLNs but not WT PSEN1 ChLNs exhibited increased intracellular soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPf) fragments and extracellular Aβ42 peptide and TAU phosphorylation (at residues Ser202/Thr205), recapitulating the molecular pathogenesis of FAD caused by mutant PSEN1. Furthermore, PSEN1 E280A ChLNs presented oxidative stress (OS) as evidenced by the oxidation of DJ-1Cys106-SH into DJ-1Cys106-SO3 and the detection of DCF-positive cells and apoptosis markers such as activated pro-apoptosis proteins p53, c-JUN, PUMA and CASPASE-3 and the concomitant loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. Additionally, mutant ChLNs displayed Ca2+ flux dysregulation and deficient acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to control ChLNs. Interestingly, the inhibitor JNK SP600125 almost completely blocked TAU phosphorylation. Our findings demonstrate that FAD MSC-derived cholinergic neurons with the PSEN1 E280A mutation provide important clues for the identification of targetable pathological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Soto-Mercado
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), SIU Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), SIU Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), SIU Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), SIU Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia (UdeA), SIU Medellin, Medellin, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Klein HU, Schäfer M, Bennett DA, Schwender H, De Jager PL. Bayesian integrative analysis of epigenomic and transcriptomic data identifies Alzheimer's disease candidate genes and networks. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007771. [PMID: 32255787 PMCID: PMC7138305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research studies have generated large multi-omic datasets to study complex diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An important aim of these studies is the identification of candidate genes that demonstrate congruent disease-related alterations across the different data types measured by the study. We developed a new method to detect such candidate genes in large multi-omic case-control studies that measure multiple data types in the same set of samples. The method is based on a gene-centric integrative coefficient quantifying to what degree consistent differences are observed in the different data types. For statistical inference, a Bayesian hierarchical model is used to study the distribution of the integrative coefficient. The model employs a conditional autoregressive prior to integrate a functional gene network and to share information between genes known to be functionally related. We applied the method to an AD dataset consisting of histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and RNA transcription data from human cortical tissue samples of 233 subjects, and we detected 816 genes with consistent differences between persons with AD and controls. The findings were validated in protein data and in RNA transcription data from two independent AD studies. Finally, we found three subnetworks of jointly dysregulated genes within the functional gene network which capture three distinct biological processes: myeloid cell differentiation, protein phosphorylation and synaptic signaling. Further investigation of the myeloid network indicated an upregulation of this network in early stages of AD prior to accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and suggested that increased CSF1 transcription in astrocytes may contribute to microglial activation in AD. Thus, we developed a method that integrates multiple data types and external knowledge of gene function to detect candidate genes, applied the method to an AD dataset, and identified several disease-related genes and processes demonstrating the usefulness of the integrative approach. Recent technological advances have led to a new generation of studies that interrogate multiple molecular levels in the same target tissue of a set of subjects, generating complex multi-omic datasets with which to study disease mechanism. These datasets of genetic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and other data have the potential to reveal novel biological insights; however, integrative analyses remain challenging and require new computational methods. We developed an integrative Bayesian approach to detect genes with consistent differences between case and control samples across multiple data types. The method further integrates prior knowledge about gene function in the form of a gene functional similarity network to improve statistical inference by sharing information between related genes. We applied our method to an Alzheimer’s disease dataset of epigenomic and transcriptomic data and detected and then validated several novel and known candidate genes as well as three major disease-related biological processes. One of these processes reflected microglial activation and included the cytokine CSF1. Single-nucleus data revealed that CSF1 was primarily upregulated in astrocytes, implicating the involvement of this cell type in microglial activation. Hence, we demonstrated that integrative analysis approaches to multi-omic datasets can improve candidate gene detection and thereby generate new insights into complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Kanyo R, Leighton PLA, Neil GJ, Locskai LF, Allison WT. Amyloid-β precursor protein mutant zebrafish exhibit seizure susceptibility that depends on prion protein. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113283. [PMID: 32165257 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that Amyloid β Precursor Protein (APP) might act as a rheostat controlling neuronal excitability, but mechanisms have remained untested. APP and its catabolite Aβ are known to impact upon synapse function and dysfunction via their interaction with the prion protein (PrPC), suggesting a candidate pathway. Here we test if PrPC is required for this APP function in vivo, perhaps via modulating mGluR5 ion channels. We engineered zebrafish to lack homologs of PrPC and APP, allowing us to assess their purported genetic and physiological interactions in CNS development. We generated four appa null alleles as well as prp1-/-;appa-/- double mutants (engineering of prp1 mutant alleles is described elsewhere). Unexpectedly, appa-/- and compound prp1-/-;appa-/- mutants are viable and lacked overt phenotypes (except being slightly smaller than wildtype fish at some developmental stages). Zebrafish prp1-/- mutants were substantially more sensitive to appa knockdown than wildtype fish, and both zebrafish prp1 and mammalian Prnp mRNA were significantly able to partially rescue this effect. Further, appa-/- mutants exhibited increased seizures upon exposure to low doses of convulsant. The mechanism of this seizure susceptibility requires prp1 insomuch that seizures were significantly dampened to wildtype levels in prp1-/-;appa-/- mutants. Inhibiting mGluR5 channels, which may be downstream of PrPC, increased seizure intensity only in prp1-/- mutants, and this seizure mechanism required intact appa. Taken together, these results support an intriguing genetic interaction between prp1 and appa with their shared roles impacting upon neuron hyperexcitability, thus complementing and extending past works detailing their biochemical interaction(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kanyo
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Patricia L A Leighton
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Gavin J Neil
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Centre for Prions & Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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Pannaccione A, Piccialli I, Secondo A, Ciccone R, Molinaro P, Boscia F, Annunziato L. The Na +/Ca 2+exchanger in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102190. [PMID: 32199208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a pivotal player in regulating sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and signalling in excitable cells, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is involved in many neurodegenerative disorders in which an imbalance of intracellular Ca2+ and/or Na+ concentrations occurs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although NCX has been mainly implicated in neuroprotective mechanisms counteracting Ca2+ dysregulation, several studies highlighted its role in the neuronal responses to intracellular Na+ elevation occurring in several pathophysiological conditions. Since the alteration of Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis significantly contributes to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal loss in AD, it is of crucial importance to analyze the contribution of NCX isoforms in the homeostatic responses at neuronal and synaptic levels. Some studies found that an increase of NCX activity in brains of AD patients was correlated with neuronal survival, while other research groups found that protein levels of two NCX subtypes, NCX2 and NCX3, were modulated in parietal cortex of late stage AD brains. In particular, NCX2 positive synaptic terminals were increased in AD cohort while the number of NCX3 positive terminals were reduced. In addition, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 isoforms were up-regulated in those synaptic terminals accumulating amyloid-beta (Aβ), the neurotoxic peptide responsible for AD neurodegeneration. More recently, the hyperfunction of a specific NCX subtype, NCX3, has been shown to delay endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptotic neuronal death in hippocampal neurons exposed to Aβ insult. Despite some issues about the functional role of NCX in synaptic failure and neuronal loss require further studies, these findings highlight the putative neuroprotective role of NCX in AD and open new strategies to develop new druggable targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Piccialli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roselia Ciccone
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Boscia
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Schrank S, McDaid J, Briggs CA, Mustaly-Kalimi S, Brinks D, Houcek A, Singer O, Bottero V, Marr RA, Stutzmann GE. Human-Induced Neurons from Presenilin 1 Mutant Patients Model Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031030. [PMID: 32033164 PMCID: PMC7037274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional approaches to studying Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using mouse models and cell lines have advanced our understanding of AD pathogenesis. However, with the growing divide between model systems and clinical therapeutic outcomes, the limitations of these approaches are increasingly apparent. Thus, to generate more clinically relevant systems that capture pathological cascades within human neurons, we generated human-induced neurons (HiNs) from AD and non-AD individuals to model cell autonomous disease properties. We selected an AD patient population expressing mutations in presenilin 1 (mPS1), which is linked to increased amyloid production, tau pathology, and calcium signaling abnormalities, among other features. While these AD components are detailed in model systems, they have yet to be collectively identified in human neurons. Thus, we conducted molecular, immune-based, electrophysiological, and calcium imaging studies to establish patterns of cellular pathology in this patient population. We found that mPS1 HiNs generate increased Aβ42 and hyperphosphorylated tau species relative to non-AD controls, and exaggerated ER calcium responses that are normalized with ryanodine receptor (RyR) negative allosteric modulators. The inflammasome product, interleukin-18 (IL-18), also increased PS1 expression. This work highlights the potential for HiNs to model AD pathology and validates their role in defining cellular pathogenesis and their utility for therapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
| | - Clark A. Briggs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
| | - Sarah Mustaly-Kalimi
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Deanna Brinks
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Aiden Houcek
- Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA;
| | - Oded Singer
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Robert A. Marr
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Grace E. Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA; (S.S.); (J.M.); (C.A.B.); (S.M.-K.); (V.B.)
- School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd. North, Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.A.M.); (G.E.S.)
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Popugaeva E, Bezprozvanny I, Chernyuk D. Reversal of Calcium Dysregulation as Potential Approach for Treating Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:344-354. [PMID: 32469698 PMCID: PMC8210816 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200528162046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research and effort, there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Most of the recent AD clinical trials were targeting amyloid pathway, but all these trials failed. Although amyloid pathology is a hallmark and defining feature of AD, targeting the amyloid pathway has been very challenging due to low efficacy and serious side effects. Alternative approaches or mechanisms for our understanding of the major cause of memory loss in AD need to be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Increasing studies suggest that Ca2+ dysregulation in AD plays an important role in AD pathology and is associated with other AD abnormalities, such as excessive inflammation, increased ROS, impaired autophagy, neurodegeneration, synapse, and cognitive dysfunction. Ca2+ dysregulation in cytosolic space, Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria have been reported in the context of various AD models. Drugs or strategies, to correct the Ca2+ dysregulation in AD, have been demonstrated to be promising as an approach for the treatment of AD in preclinical models. This review will discuss the mechanisms of Ca2+ dysregulation in AD and associated pathology and discuss potential approaches or strategies to develop novel drugs for the treatment of AD by targeting Ca2+ dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Popugaeva
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Daria Chernyuk
- Department of Medical Physics, Laboratory of Molecular Neurodegeneration, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, St Petersburg, Russia
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Bezprozvanny I. Calcium hypothesis of neurodegeneration - An update. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:667-669. [PMID: 31761066 PMCID: PMC6878992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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The Interplay between Ca 2+ Signaling Pathways and Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236004. [PMID: 31795242 PMCID: PMC6928941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for cell maintenance since this ion participates in many physiological processes. For example, the spatial and temporal organization of Ca2+ signaling in the central nervous system is fundamental for neurotransmission, where local changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration are needed to transmit information from neuron to neuron, between neurons and glia, and even regulating local blood flow according to the required activity. However, under pathological conditions, Ca2+ homeostasis is altered, with increased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations leading to the activation of proteases, lipases, and nucleases. This review aimed to highlight the role of Ca2+ signaling in neurodegenerative disease-related apoptosis, where the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis depends on coordinated interactions between the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, as well as specific transport mechanisms. In neurodegenerative diseases, alterations-increased oxidative stress, energy metabolism alterations, and protein aggregation have been identified. The aggregation of α-synuclein, β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), and huntingtin all adversely affect Ca2+ homeostasis. Due to the mounting evidence for the relevance of Ca2+ signaling in neuroprotection, we would focus on the expression and function of Ca2+ signaling-related proteins, in terms of the effects on autophagy regulation and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Glaser T, Arnaud Sampaio VF, Lameu C, Ulrich H. Calcium signalling: A common target in neurological disorders and neurogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Le ST, Guros NB, Bruce RC, Cardone A, Amin ND, Zhang S, Klauda JB, Pant HC, Richter CA, Balijepalli A. Quantum capacitance-limited MoS 2 biosensors enable remote label-free enzyme measurements. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:15622-15632. [PMID: 31407757 PMCID: PMC6792296 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03171e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated atomically thin, quantum capacitance-limited, field-effect transistors (FETs) that enable the detection of pH changes with 75-fold higher sensitivity (≈4.4 V per pH) over the Nernst value of 59 mV per pH at room temperature when used as a biosensor. The transistors, which are fabricated from monolayer films of MoS2, use a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) in place of a conventional oxide gate dielectric and exhibit very low intrinsic noise resulting in a pH resolution of 92 × 10-6 at 10 Hz. This high device performance, which is a function of the structure of our device, is achieved by remotely connecting the gate to a pH sensing element allowing the FETs to be reused. Because pH measurements are fundamentally important in biotechnology, the increased resolution demonstrated here will benefit numerous applications ranging from pharmaceutical manufacturing to clinical diagnostics. As an example, we experimentally quantified the function of the kinase Cdk5, an enzyme implicated in Alzheimer's disease, at concentrations that are 5-fold lower than physiological values, and with sufficient time-resolution to allow the estimation of both steady-state and kinetic parameters in a single experiment. The high sensitivity, increased resolution, and fast turnaround time of the measurements will allow the development of early diagnostic tools and novel therapeutics to detect and treat neurological conditions years before currently possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son T Le
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA and Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas B Guros
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert C Bruce
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Antonio Cardone
- Software and Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA and University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Niranjana D Amin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA and Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jeffery B Klauda
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Harish C Pant
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Curt A Richter
- Nanoscale Device Characterization Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Arvind Balijepalli
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Mansur A, Rabiner EA, Comley RA, Lewis Y, Middleton LT, Huiban M, Passchier J, Tsukada H, Gunn RN. Characterization of 3 PET Tracers for Quantification of Mitochondrial and Synaptic Function in Healthy Human Brain: 18F-BCPP-EF, 11C-SA-4503, and 11C-UCB-J. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:96-103. [PMID: 31324712 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.228080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex 1 is involved in maintaining brain bioenergetics; σ-1 receptor responds to neuronal stress; and synaptic vesicle protein 2A reflects synaptic integrity. Expression of each of these proteins is altered in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we characterize the kinetic behavior of 3 PET radioligands-18F-BCPP-EF, 11C-SA-4503, and 11C-UCB-J-for the measurement of mitochondrial complex 1, σ-1 receptor, and synaptic vesicle protein 2A, respectively, and determine appropriate analysis workflows for their application in future studies of the in vivo molecular pathology of these diseases. Methods: Twelve human subjects underwent dynamic PET scans with each radioligand, including associated arterial blood sampling. A range of kinetic models was investigated to identify an optimal kinetic analysis method for each radioligand and a suitable acquisition duration. Results: All 3 radioligands readily entered the brain and yielded heterogeneous uptake consistent with the known distribution of the targets. The optimal models determined for the regional estimates of volume of distribution were multilinear analysis 1 (MA1) and the 2-tissue-compartment model for 18F-BCPP-EF, MA1 for 11C-SA-4503, and both MA1 and the 1-tissue-compartment model for 11C-UCB-J. Acquisition times of 70, 80, and 60 min for 18F-BCPP-EF, 11C-SA-4503, 11C-UCB-J, respectively, provided good estimates of regional volume of distribution values. An effect of age was observed on 18F-BCPP-EF and 11C-UCB-J signal in the caudate. Conclusion: These ligands can be assessed for their potential to stratify patients or monitor the progression of molecular neuropathology in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Mansur
- Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom .,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom.,King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lefkos T Middleton
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Jan Passchier
- Invicro LLC, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, Japan
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46
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Frere S, Slutsky I. Alzheimer's Disease: From Firing Instability to Homeostasis Network Collapse. Neuron 2019; 97:32-58. [PMID: 29301104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) starts from pure cognitive impairments and gradually progresses into degeneration of specific brain circuits. Although numerous factors initiating AD have been extensively studied, the common principles underlying the transition from cognitive deficits to neuronal loss remain unknown. Here we describe an evolutionarily conserved, integrated homeostatic network (IHN) that enables functional stability of central neural circuits and safeguards from neurodegeneration. We identify the critical modules comprising the IHN and propose a central role of neural firing in controlling the complex homeostatic network at different spatial scales. We hypothesize that firing instability and impaired synaptic plasticity at early AD stages trigger a vicious cycle, leading to dysregulation of the whole IHN. According to this hypothesis, the IHN collapse represents the major driving force of the transition from early memory impairments to neurodegeneration. Understanding the core elements of homeostatic control machinery, the reciprocal connections between distinct IHN modules, and the role of firing homeostasis in this hierarchy has important implications for physiology and should offer novel conceptual approaches for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Frere
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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47
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Van Acker ZP, Bretou M, Annaert W. Endo-lysosomal dysregulations and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: impact of genetic risk factors. Mol Neurodegener 2019; 14:20. [PMID: 31159836 PMCID: PMC6547588 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-019-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports that cellular dysregulations in the degradative routes contribute to the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Autophagy and endolysosomal homeostasis need to be maintained throughout life as they are major cellular mechanisms involved in both the production of toxic amyloid peptides and the clearance of misfolded or aggregated proteins. As such, alterations in endolysosomal and autophagic flux, as a measure of degradation activity in these routes or compartments, may directly impact as well on disease-related mechanisms such as amyloid-β clearance through the blood-brain-barrier and the interneuronal spreading of amyloid-β and/or Tau seeds, affecting synaptic function, plasticity and metabolism. The emerging of several genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease that are functionally related to endocytic transport regulation, including cholesterol metabolism and clearance, supports the notion that in particular the autophagy/lysosomal flux might become more vulnerable during ageing thereby contributing to disease onset. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of the risk genes APOE4, BIN1, CD2AP, PICALM, PLD3 and TREM2 and their impact on endolysosomal (dys)regulations in the light of late-onset Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë P. Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Rm. 7.159, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Li N, Li Y, Li LJ, Zhu K, Zheng Y, Wang XM. Glutamate receptor delocalization in postsynaptic membrane and reduced hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1037-1045. [PMID: 30762016 PMCID: PMC6404481 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.250625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that synaptic plasticity provides the cellular biological basis of learning and memory, and plasticity deficits play a key role in dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms by which synaptic dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease remain unclear. In the present study, Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice were used to determine the relationship between decreased hippocampal synaptic plasticity and pathological changes and cognitive-behavioral deterioration, as well as possible mechanisms underlying decreased synaptic plasticity in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease-like diseases. APP/PS1 double transgenic (5XFAD; Jackson Laboratory) mice and their littermates (wild-type, controls) were used in this study. Additional 6-week-old and 10-week-old 5XFAD mice and wild-type mice were used for electrophysiological recording of hippocampal dentate gyrus. For 10-week-old 5XFAD mice and wild-type mice, the left hippocampus was used for electrophysiological recording, and the right hippocampus was used for biochemical experiments or immunohistochemical staining to observe synaptophysin levels and amyloid beta deposition levels. The results revealed that, compared with wild-type mice, 6-week-old 5XFAD mice exhibited unaltered long-term potentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Another set of 5XFAD mice began to show attenuation at the age of 10 weeks, and a large quantity of amyloid beta protein was accumulated in hippocampal cells. The location of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptor and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor subunits in synaptosomes was decreased. These findings indicate that the delocalization of postsynaptic glutamate receptors and an associated decline in synaptic plasticity may be key mechanisms in the early onset of Alzheimer's disease. The use and care of animals were in strict accordance with the ethical standards of the Animal Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University, China on December 17, 2015 (approval No. AEEI-2015-182).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Juan Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Serwach K, Gruszczynska-Biegala J. STIM Proteins and Glutamate Receptors in Neurons: Role in Neuronal Physiology and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092289. [PMID: 31075835 PMCID: PMC6539036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal calcium (Ca2+) influx has long been ascribed mainly to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and glutamate receptor channels. Recent research has shown that it is also complemented by stromal interaction molecule (STIM) protein-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). SOCE is described as Ca2+ flow into cells in response to the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores. The present review summarizes recent studies that indicate a relationship between neuronal SOCE that is mediated by STIM1 and STIM2 proteins and glutamate receptors under both physiological and pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders. We present evidence that the dysregulation of neuronal SOCE and glutamate receptor activity are hallmarks of acute neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia) and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease). Emerging evidence indicates a role for STIM proteins and glutamate receptors in neuronal physiology and pathology, making them potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Serwach
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gruszczynska-Biegala
- Molecular Biology Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Synaptopodin Deficiency Ameliorates Symptoms in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3983-3992. [PMID: 30872324 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2920-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in calcium homeostasis is linked to several pathologies and is suggested to play a pivotal role in the cascade of events leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptopodin (SP) residing in dendritic spines has been associated with ryanodine receptor (RyR), such that spines lacking SP release less calcium from stores. In this work, we mated SPKO with 3xTg mice (3xTg/SPKO) to test the effect of SP deficiency in the AD mouse. We found that 6-month-old male 3xTg/SPKO mice restored normal spatial learning in the Barns maze, LTP in hippocampal slices, and expression levels of RyR in the hippocampus that were altered in the 3xTg mice. In addition, there was a marked reduction in 3xTg-associated phosphorylated tau, amyloid β plaques, and activated microglia in 3xTg/SPKO male and female mice. These experiments indicate that a reduction in the expression of SP ameliorates AD-associated phenotype in 3xTg mice.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study strengthens the proposed role of calcium stores in the development of AD-associated phenotype in the 3xTg mouse model, in that a genetic reduction of the functioning of ryanodine receptors using synaptopodin-knock-out mice ameliorates AD symptoms at the behavioral, electrophysiological, and morphological levels of analysis.
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