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Jagadeesan Y, Meenakshisundaram S, Pichaimuthu S, Balaiah A. A scientific version of understanding "Why did the chickens cross the road"? - A guided journey through Bacillus spp. towards sustainable agriculture, circular economy and biofortification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117907. [PMID: 38109965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The world, a famished planet with an overgrowing population, requires enormous food crops. This scenario compelled the farmers to use a high quantity of synthetic fertilizers for high food crop productivity. However, prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers results in severe adverse effects on soil and water quality. On the other hand, the growing population significantly consumes large quantities of poultry meats. Eventually, this produces a mammoth amount of poultry waste, chicken feathers. Owing to the protein value of the chicken feathers, these wastes are converted into protein hydrolysate and further extend their application as biostimulants for sustained agriculture. The protein profile of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH) produced through Bacillus spp. was the maximum compared to physical and chemical protein extraction methods. Several studies proved that the application of CFPH and active Bacillus spp. culture to soil and plants results in enhanced plant growth, phytochemical constituents, crop yield, soil nutrients, fertility, microbiome and resistance against diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Overall, "CFPH - Jack of all trades" and "Bacillus spp. - an active camouflage to the surroundings where they applied showed profound and significant benefits to the plant growth under the most adverse conditions. In addition, Bacillus spp. coheres the biofortification process in plants through the breakdown of metals into metal ions that eventually increase the nutrient value of the food crops. However, detailed information on them is missing. This can be overcome by further real-world studies on rhizoengineering through a multi-omics approach and their interaction with plants. This review has explored the best possible and efficient strategy for managing chicken feather wastes into protein-rich CFPH through Bacillus spp. bioconversion and utilizing the CFPH and Bacillus spp. as biostimulants, biofertilizers, biopesticides and biofortificants. This paper is an excellent report on organic waste management, circular economy and sustainable agriculture research frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogeswaran Jagadeesan
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Shanmugapriya Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
| | - Suthakaran Pichaimuthu
- Genprotic Biopharma Private Limited, SPIC Bioprocess Laboratory, Anna University, Taramani Campus, Taramani, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600113, India.
| | - Anandaraj Balaiah
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, Anna University - BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India.
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Sun W, Shahrajabian MH, Kuang Y, Wang N. Amino Acids Biostimulants and Protein Hydrolysates in Agricultural Sciences. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38256763 PMCID: PMC10819947 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The effects of different types of biostimulants on crops include improving the visual quality of the final products, stimulating the immune systems of plants, inducing the biosynthesis of plant defensive biomolecules, removing heavy metals from contaminated soil, improving crop performance, reducing leaching, improving root development and seed germination, inducing tolerance to abiotic and biotic stressors, promoting crop establishment and increasing nutrient-use efficiency. Protein hydrolysates are mixtures of polypeptides and free amino acids resulting from enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of agro-industrial protein by-products obtained from animal or plant origins, and they are able to alleviate environmental stress effects, improve growth, and promote crop productivity. Amino acids involve various advantages such as increased yield and yield components, increased nutrient assimilation and stress tolerance, and improved yield components and quality characteristics. They are generally achieved through chemical or enzymatic protein hydrolysis, with significant capabilities to influence the synthesis and activity of some enzymes, gene expression, and redox-homeostasis. Increased yield, yield components, and crop quality; improved and regulated oxidation-reduction process, photosynthesis, and physiological activities; decreased negative effects of toxic components; and improved anti-fungal activities of plants are just some of the more important benefits of the application of phenols and phenolic biostimulants. The aim of this manuscript is to survey the impacts of amino acids, different types of protein hydrolysates, phenols, and phenolic biostimulants on different plants by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in several horticultural and agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Sun
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13-4260-83836
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Siddharthan N, Balagurunathan R, Raguvaran K, Ragavendran C, Khan SU, Jannat S, Ullah I, Kamaraj C, Maheswaran R, Hemalatha N, Ali A. Valorization of chick feather wastes by Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS41 to enhance the growth of Vigna unguiculata plant and Cyprinus carpio fish. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:100. [PMID: 36862208 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feather meal has had a significant biofertilizer approach in recent years. The current study aims to assess feather biodegradation to promote plant and fish growth. The Geobacillus thermodenitrificans PS41 strain was more efficient in feather degradation. Feather residues were separated after degradation and evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to detect bacterial colonization on feather degradation. It was observed that the rachi and barbules were entirely degraded. The complete degradation by PS41 suggests a relatively more efficient feather degradation strain. According to Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies, PS41 biodegraded feathers contain the functional groups of aromatic, amine, and nitro compounds. The present study suggested that biologically degraded feather meal improved plant growth. The feather meal combined with nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain showed the highest efficiency. The biologically degraded feather meal and Rhizobium combination induced physical and chemical changes in the soil. It is directly involved in soil amelioration, plant growth substance, and soil fertility, enhancing a healthy crop environment. The feather meal 4 and 5% was used as a feed diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to increase growth performances and feed utilization parameters. In hematological and histological studies of formulated diets, significantly no toxic effects occurred in fish blood, gut, or fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishnan Raguvaran
- Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and advanced studies of the IPN, 36824, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Saba Jannat
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Wildlife & Fisheries, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ihasan Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Wildlife & Fisheries, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Rajan Maheswaran
- Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Natarajan Hemalatha
- Department of Microbiology, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, 636011, India
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, Center for research and advanced studies of the IPN, 36824, Mexico City, Mexico
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Raguraj S, Kasim S, Jaafar NM, Nazli MH. Influence of chicken feather waste derived protein hydrolysate on the growth of tea plants under different application methods and fertilizer rates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:37017-37028. [PMID: 36564696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture prioritizes eco-friendly and sustainable strategies to enhance crop growth and productivity. The utilization of protein hydrolysate extracted from chicken feather waste as a plant biostimulant paves the path to waste recycling. A greenhouse experiment was performed to evaluate the implications of different doses (0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1) of chicken feather protein hydrolysate (CFPH), application method (soil and foliar), and fertilizer rate (50% and 100%) on the growth performance of tea nursery plants. The highest dose of CFPH (3 g L-1) increased the shoot and root dry weights by 43% and 70%, respectively over control. However, no significant differences were observed between 2 and 3 g L-1 doses in plant dry weight, biometric, and root morphological parameters. Foliar application of CFPH significantly increased all the growth parameters compared to soil drenching except N, P, and K concentrations in leaves and roots. Plants grown under 100% fertilizer rate showed better growth performance than 50% fertilizer rate. Tea nursery plants treated with foliar 2 g L-1 dose and grown under full fertilizer rate recorded the highest plant dry weight, root length, and root surface area. However, tea plants under 50% fertilizer rate and treated with foliar 2 and 3 g L-1 doses sustained the growth similar to untreated plants under 100% fertilizer rate. The significantly higher N, P, and K concentrations in leaves were observed in plants treated with soil drenching of 2 and 3 g L-1 CFPH doses under 100% fertilizer rate. Our results indicate that the application of CFPH as a foliar spray is highly effective in producing vigorous tea nursery plants suitable for field planting, eventually capable of withstanding stress and higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharan Raguraj
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
- Soils and Plant Nutrition Division, Tea Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Talawakelle, 22100, Sri Lanka
| | - Susilawati Kasim
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Noraini Md Jaafar
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Hazim Nazli
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
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Qin X, Yang C, Guo Y, Liu J, Bitter JH, Scott EL, Zhang C. Effect of ultrasound on keratin valorization from chicken feather waste: Process optimization and keratin characterization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 93:106297. [PMID: 36641870 PMCID: PMC9860336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chicken feather (CF) has been deemed as one of the main poultry byproducts with a large amount produced globally. However, the robust chemical nature of chicken feathers has been limiting in its wide-scale utilization and valorization. The study proposed a strategy of keratin regeneration from chicken feather combining ultrasound and Cysteine (Cys)-reduction for keratin regeneration. First, the ultrasonic effect on feather degradation and keratin properties was systematically explored based on Cys-reduction. Results showed that the feather dissolution was significantly improved by increasing both ultrasonic time and power, and the former had a greater impact on keratin yield. However, the treatment time over 4 h led to a decrease of keratin yield, producing more soluble peptides, > 9.7 % of which were < 0.5 kDa. Meanwhile, prolonging time decreased the thermal stability with weight loss at a lower temperature and amino acids content (e.g., Ser, Pro and Gly) of keratin. Conversely, no remarkable damage in chemical structure and thermal stability of regenerated keratin was observed by only increasing ultrasonic power, while the keratin solubility was notably promoted and reached 745.72 mg·g-1 in NaOH (0.1 M) solution (400 W, 4 h). The regenerated keratin under optimal conditions (130 W, 2.7 h, and 15 % of Cys) possessed better solubility while without obvious damage in chemical structure, thermal stability, and amino acids composition. The study illustrated that ultrasound physically improved CF degradation and keratin solubility without nature damage and provided an alternative for keratin regeneration involving no toxic reagent, probably holding promise in the utilization and valorization of feather waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chuan Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Xinjiang Taikun Group Co. Ltd, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Changji 831100, China
| | - Jiqian Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Johannes H. Bitter
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Elinor L. Scott
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Sahoo S, Dash S, Rath B, Mondal KC, Mandal A. Commercial Initiation of Feather Hydrolysate as Supreme Fertilizer: A Smart Bio-Cleaning Strategy of Poultry Waste. WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION 2022; 14:2151-2166. [PMID: 36540722 PMCID: PMC9755779 DOI: 10.1007/s12649-022-01982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Economic development of India mainly depends on agricultural sectors. The Indian traditional agricultural system is mainly based on chemical fertilizer to get better yield. The main motto of this research work is to change the traditional faith of Indian farmers and rural Indian economy. Methods Bioprocessing of feather prepared from an efficient newly isolated bacterial strain, identified as Bacillus wiedmanni SAB10 is used to produce a nitrogen rich liquid fertilizer. The cell-free hydrolysate was prepared from submerged fermentation of poultry litter (1.25%, w/v) as sole media with supplemented as chicken feather (1%, w/v) in 79.41 h with pH 10.6. Results Fermented hydrolysate contains a significant quantity of total amino acid (503.02 mg/L) with diversity (Cystine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, lysine, Valine, Proline and Alanine), total oligopeptides (4.65 mg/ml) and thiol content (58.09 µg/ml) which influence growth and yield (1.02 fold) of moong beans (Vigna radiata) plant in pot trials and as well as successfully scale up in field trials by the farmers. This liquid fertilizer not only makes plant healthy and has drought tolerance (proline content- 0.023 mg/g) capacity but also increases the grain quality by spraying the fertilizer on foliage with a ratio of 2:1 (Water: Feather hydrolysate) for two times (before the 1st flash and 2nd flash of flowering). Conclusion Fermented feather hydrolysate is used full as a foliage fertilizer for the cultivation of moong beans. Some commercial properties and its eco-friendly, cost-effectiveness will make it a smart liquid fertilizer in near future. Graphical Abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12649-022-01982-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Sahoo
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odissa 757 003 India
- Dept. of Microbiology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026 India
| | - Satyabrata Dash
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odissa 757 003 India
| | - Biswajit Rath
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada, Odissa 757 003 India
| | - Keshab C. Mondal
- Dept. of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721 102 India
| | - Arpita Mandal
- Dept. of Microbiology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 026 India
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Li Q. Perspectives on Converting Keratin-Containing Wastes Into Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:918262. [PMID: 35794912 PMCID: PMC9251476 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.918262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin-containing wastes become pollution to the environment if they are not treated properly. On the other hand, these wastes can be converted into value-added products applicable to many fields. Organic fertilizers and biofertilizers are important for sustainable agriculture by providing nutrients to enhance the growth speed of the plant and production. Keratin-containing wastes, therefore, will be an important resource to produce organic fertilizers. Many microorganisms exhibit capabilities to degrade keratins making them attractive to convert keratin-containing wastes into valuable products. In this review, the progress in microbial degradation of keratins is summarized. In addition, perspectives in converting keratin into bio- and organic fertilizers for agriculture are described. With proper treatment, feather wastes which are rich in keratin can be converted into high-value fertilizers to serve as nutrients for plants, reduce environmental pressure and improve the quality of the soil for sustainable agriculture.
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Valorization of Livestock Keratin Waste: Application in Agricultural Fields. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116681. [PMID: 35682267 PMCID: PMC9180014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Livestock keratin waste is a rich source of protein. However, the unique structure of livestock keratin waste makes its valorization a great challenge. This paper reviews the main methods for the valorization of livestock keratin waste, which include chemical, biological, and other novel methods, and summarizes the main agricultural applications of keratin-based material. Livestock keratin waste is mainly used as animal feed and fertilizer. However, it has promising potential for biosorbents and in other fields. In the future, researchers should focus on the biological extraction and carbonization methods of processing and keratin-based biosorbents for the soil remediation of farmland.
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Anbesaw MS. Bioconversion of Keratin Wastes Using Keratinolytic Microorganisms to Generate Value-Added Products. Int J Biomater 2022; 2022:2048031. [PMID: 37251738 PMCID: PMC10212687 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2048031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of keratinous wastes generated from different industries is becoming a major concern across the world. In each year, more than a billion tons of keratin waste is released into the environment. Despite some trials that have been performed and utilize this waste into valuable products, still a huge amount of keratin waste from different sources is a less explored biomaterial for making valuable products. This indicates that the huge amount of keratin waste is neither disposed properly nor converted into usable products rather thrown away to the environment that causes environmental pollution. Due to the introduction of this waste associated with different pathogenic organisms into soil and water bodies, human beings and other small and large animals are affected by different diseases. Therefore, there is a need for modern and ecofriendly approaches to dispose and convert this waste into usable products. Hence, the objective of this review is to give a concise overview regarding the degradation of keratin waste by biological approaches using keratinase producing microorganisms. The review also focuses on the practical use of keratinases and the economical importance of bioconverted products of keratinous wastes for different applications. Various researches have been studied about the source, disposal mechanisms, techniques of hydrolysis, potential use, and physical and chemical properties of keratin wastes. However, there is negligible information with regard to the use of keratin wastes as media supplements for the growth of keratinolytic microorganisms and silver retrieval from photographic and used X-ray films. Hence, this review differs from other similar reviews in the literature in that it discusses these neglected concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Seid Anbesaw
- Wollo University, School of Bio-Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Dessie, Ethiopia
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Lee DH, Doan CT, Tran TN, Nguyen VB, Nguyen AD, Wang CL, Wang SL. Proteases Production and Chitin Preparation from the Liquid Fermentation of Chitinous Fishery By-Products by Paenibacillus elgii. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:477. [PMID: 34564139 PMCID: PMC8467606 DOI: 10.3390/md19090477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinous fishery by-products have great application in the production of various bioactive compounds. In this study, Paenibacillus elgii TKU051, a protease-producing bacterial strain, was isolated using a medium containing 1% squid pens powder (SPP) as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. P. elgii TKU051 was found to produce at least four proteases with molecular weights of 100 kDa, 57 kDa, 43 kDa, and 34 kDa (determined by the gelatin zymography method). A P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail was optimally active at pH 6-7 and 60 °C. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates obtained from the hydrolysis of shrimp shell powder, shrimp head powder, shrimp meat powder, fish head powder and soya bean powder catalyzed by the P. elgii TkU051 crude enzyme cocktail were also evaluated. P. elgii TKU051 exhibited a high deproteinization capacity (over 94%) on different kinds of shrimp waste (shrimp heads and shells; fresh and cooked shrimp waste; shrimp waste dried by oven and lyophilizer), and the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy profile of the chitin obtained from the deproteinization process displayed the characteristic of chitin. Finally, the obtained chitin exhibited an effect comparable to commercial chitin in terms of adsorption against Congo Red (90.48% and 90.91%, respectively). Thus, P. elgii TKU051 showed potential in the reclamation of chitinous fishery by-products for proteases production and chitin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Hsin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (D.-H.L.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Chien Thang Doan
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (D.-H.L.); (C.T.D.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
| | - Thi Ngoc Tran
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam;
- Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Van Bon Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - Anh Dzung Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam; (V.B.N.); (A.D.N.)
| | - Chuan-Lu Wang
- Department of Fashion Beauty Design, Lan Yang Institute of Technology, Yilan County 26141, Taiwan;
| | - San-Lang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan; (D.-H.L.); (C.T.D.)
- Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Perța-Crișan S, Ursachi CȘ, Gavrilaș S, Oancea F, Munteanu FD. Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1896. [PMID: 34200460 PMCID: PMC8201023 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the agro-industry's side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Perța-Crișan
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudiu Ștefan Ursachi
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Simona Gavrilaș
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
| | - Florin Oancea
- Bioresource Department, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina-Daniela Munteanu
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, 2-4 E. Drăgoi Str., 310330 Arad, Romania; (S.P.-C.); (C.Ș.U.); (S.G.)
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Chicken Feather Waste Hydrolysate as a Superior Biofertilizer in Agroindustry. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2212-2230. [PMID: 33903939 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02491-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Billions of tons of keratinous waste in the form of feathers, antlers, bristles, claws, hair, hoofs, horns, and wool are generated by different industries and their demolition causes environmental deterioration. Chicken feathers have 92% keratin that can be a good source of peptides, amino acids, and minerals. Traditional methods of feather hydrolysis require large energy inputs, and also reduce the content of amino acids and net protein utilization values. Biological treatment of feathers with keratinolytic microbes is a feasible and environmental favorable preference for the formulation of hydrolysate that can be used as bioactive peptides, protein supplement, livestock feed, biofertilizer, etc. The presence of amino acids, soluble proteins, and peptides in hydrolysate facilitates the growth of microbes in rhizosphere that promotes the uptake and utilization of nutrients from soil. Application of hydrolysate enhances water holding capacity, C/N ratio, and mineral content of soil. The plant growth promoting activities of hydrolysate potentiates its possible use in organic farming, and improves soil ecosystem and microbiota. This paper reviews the current scenario on the methods available for management of keratinous waste, nutritional quality of hydrolysate generated using keratinolytic microbes, and its possible application as plant growth promoter in agroindustry.
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Cheng D, Liu Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Chang SW, Nguyen DD, Zhang S, Luo G, Bui XT. Sustainable enzymatic technologies in waste animal fat and protein management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112040. [PMID: 33571854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Waste animal fats and proteins (WAFP) are rich in various animal by-products from food industries. On one hand, increasing production of huge amounts of WAFP brings a great challenge to their appropriate disposal, and raises severe risks to environment and life health. On the other hand, the high fat and protein contents in these animal wastes are valuable resources which can be reutilized in an eco-friendly and renewable way. Sustainable enzymatic technologies are promising methods for WAFP management. This review discussed the application of various enzymes in the conversion of WSFP to value-added biodiesel and bioactivate hydrolysates. New biotechnologies to discover novel enzymes with robust properties were proposed as well. This paper also presented the bio-utilization strategy of animal fat and protein wastes as alternative nutrient media for microorganism growth activities to yield important industrial enzymes cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongle Cheng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinh Duc Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, 442-760, Republic of Korea; Institution of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuan Thanh Bui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Waste Treatment Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Viet Nam
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14
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Chicken feather waste-derived protein hydrolysate as a potential biostimulant for cultivation of mung beans. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00724-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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15
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Ciurko D, Łaba W, Żarowska B, Janek T. Enzymatic hydrolysis using bacterial cultures as a novel method for obtaining antioxidant peptides from brewers' spent grain. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4688-4700. [PMID: 35424402 PMCID: PMC8694660 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain was used as a substrate to obtain protein hydrolysates with antioxidant activity. Hydrolysis was conducted in the culture using proteolytic bacteria. Hydrolysis was controlled by measurement of α-amino group concentration and with the aid of size exclusion chromatography. For each culture the degree of hydrolysis was calculated. The most efficient protein hydrolysis was observed in the cultures of Bacillus cereus (43.06%) and Bacillus lentus (41.81%). In addition, gelatin zymography was performed in order to detect bacterial proteases and their activity. The profile of secreted enzymes was heterogeneous, while the greatest variety was observed for Bacillus polymyxa. Brewers' spent grain protein hydrolysates exhibited high antioxidant activity. Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus post-cultured media displayed the highest activity, respectively 1291.97 and 1621.31 μM TEAC per g for ABTS, 188.89 and 160.93 μM TEAC per g for DPPH, and 248.81 and 284.08 μM TEAC per g for the FRAP method. Hydrolysis of brewers' spent grain conducted in the bacterial cultures entails reduction of workload, economic cost and environmental impact.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Ciurko
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Wojciech Łaba
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Barbara Żarowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
| | - Tomasz Janek
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science J. Chełmońskiego 37 51-630 Wrocław Poland +48 71 320 7723
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16
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Nnolim NE, Nwodo UU. Microbial keratinase and the bio-economy: a three-decade meta-analysis of research exploit. AMB Express 2021; 11:12. [PMID: 33411032 PMCID: PMC7790984 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratinase research has been on an upward trajectory due to the robustness and efficiency of the enzyme toward various green technological processes that promote economic development and environmental sustainability. A compendium of research progression and advancement within the domain was achieved through a bibliometric study to understand the trend of research productivity, scientific impacts, authors' involvement, collaboration networks, and the advancement of knowledge gaps for future research endeavours. A three-decade (1990 to 2019) scholarly published articles were retrieved from the web of science database using a combination of terms "keratinas* or keratinolytic proteas* or keratinolytic enzym*", and subsequently analyzed for bibliometric indicators. A collection of 330 peer-reviewed, research, articles were retrieved for the survey period and authored by 1063 researchers with collaboration index of 3.27. Research productivity was most in 2013 with total research output of 28 articles. The top three authors' keywords were keratinase, keratin and protease with a respective frequency of 188, 26 and 22. India, China and Brazil ranked top in terms of keratinase research outputs and total citation with respective article productivity (total citations) of 85 (1533), 57 (826), and 36 (764). This study evaluated the trend of keratinase research outputs, scientific impact, collaboration networks and biotechnology innovations. It has the potentials to influence positively decision making on future research direction, collaborations and development of products for the bio-economy.
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17
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Sustainable production, biochemical and molecular characterization of thermo-and-solvent stable alkaline serine keratinase from novel Bacillus pumilus AR57 for promising poultry solid waste management. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:135-146. [PMID: 32615225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of recalcitrant keratinous wastes generated from the poultry industry poses a serious threat to the environment. Keratinase have gained much attention to convert these wastes into valuable products. Ever since primitive feathers first appeared on dinosaurs, microorganisms have evolved to degrade this most recalcitrant keratin. In this study, we identified a promising keratinolytic bacterial strain for bioconversion of poultry solid wastes. A true keratinolytic bacterium was isolated from the slaughterhouse soil and was identified and designated as Bacillus pumilus AR57 by 16S rRNA sequencing. For enhanced keratinase production and rapid keratin degradation, the media components and substrate concentration were optimized through shake flask culture. White chicken feather (1% w/v) was found to be the good substrate concentration for high keratinase production when supplemented with simple medium ingredients. The biochemical characterization reveals astounding results which makes the B. pumilus AR57 keratinase as a novel and unique protease. Optimum activity of the crude enzyme was exhibited at pH 9 and 45 °C. The crude extracellular keratinase was characterized as thermo-and-solvent (DMSO) stable serine keratinase. Bacillus pumilus AR57 showed complete degradation (100%) of white chicken feather (1% w/v) within 18 h when incubated in modified minimal medium supplemented with DMSO (1% v/v) at 150 rpm at 37 °C. Keratinase from modified minimal medium supplemented with DMSO exhibits a half-life of 4 days. Whereas, keratinase from the modified minimal medium fortified with white chicken feather (1% w/v) was stable for 3 h only. Feather meal produced by B. pumilus AR57 was found to be rich in essential amino acids. Hence, we proposed B. pumilus AR57 as a potential candidate for the future application in eco-friendly bioconversion of poultry waste and the keratinase could play a pivotal role in the detergent industry. While feather meal may serve as an alternative to produce animal feed and biofertilizers.
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18
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Alahyaribeik S, Ullah A. Methods of keratin extraction from poultry feathers and their effects on antioxidant activity of extracted keratin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:449-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Chen J, Yang S, Liang S, Lu F, Long K, Zhang X. In vitro synergistic effects of three enzymes from Bacillus subtilis CH-1 on keratin decomposition. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:159. [PMID: 32206493 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular protease Vpr (Vpr), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) and glyoxal/methylglyoxal reductase (YvgN; EC 1.1.1.21) are extracellular enzymes involved in feather degradation, which were identified by secretome analyses from an efficient feather-degrading strain Bacillus subtilis CH-1. The encoding sequences corresponding to the three secretory enzymes were cloned into vector pET22b for recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). Afterward, the proteins containing the C-terminal His-tag were purified using a Ni-IDA column. The optimal temperatures and pH values for protease activity of recombinant Vpr, GGT, and YvgN were identified as 45 °C/pH 7.0, 40 °C/pH 8.0, and 50 °C/pH 6.0 respectively when casein is the substrate. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of the three enzymes were studied using feather powder as substrate. Vpr was the core enzyme to hydrolyze keratin, while GGT and YvgN were coenzymes providing reducing activities for keratin decomposition. The keratinolytic activity was enhanced to about 1.4-folds when YvgN and Vpr applied together in comparison to Vpr alone. And the keratinolytic activity almost reached to 1.5-folds when all the three enzymes were combined to use. The study provides a novel perspective of the mechanism of keratin degradation by microorganisms, and thereby may also be of relevance for the design of an industrial process for enzymatic keratin degradation; however, additional experiments must be done to substantiate this conclusion.
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20
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Li Q. Progress in Microbial Degradation of Feather Waste. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2717. [PMID: 31866957 PMCID: PMC6906142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feathers are a major by-product of the poultry industry. They are mainly composed of keratins which have wide applications in different fields. Due to the increasing production of feathers from poultry industries, the untreated feathers could become pollutants because of their resistance to protease degradation. Feathers are rich in amino acids, which makes them a valuable source for fertilizer and animal feeds. Numerous bacteria and fungi exhibited capabilities to degrade chicken feathers by secreting enzymes such as keratinases, and accumulated evidence shows that feather-containing wastes can be converted into value-added products. This review summarizes recent progress in microbial degradation of feathers, structures of keratinases, feather application, and microorganisms that are able to secrete keratinase. In addition, the enzymes critical for keratin degradation and their mechanism of action are discussed. We also proposed the strategy that can be utilized for feather degradation. Based on the accumulated studies, microbial degradation of feathers has great potential to convert them into various products such as biofertilizer and animal feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Li
- Guangdong Bioengineering Institute (Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Research Institute), Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Improving the catalytic performance of Proteinase K from Parengyodontium album for use in feather degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1586-1595. [PMID: 31706815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase K (PROK) from Parengyodontium album hydrolyzes keratin, a major protein component of poultry feathers, which are an inexpensive and renewable protein resource. Based on structural studies for analysis of amino acid flexibility near the catalytic center, identification of highly conserved residues, and experimental screening, we obtained a mutant R218S with residual activity 1.6-fold higher than that of PROK after incubation at 60 °C for 1 h. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that substitution of Arg218 with Ser leads to three hydrogen bonds being introduced into the structure, stabilizing the β-sheet in which Ser218 is located, and thus improvement of thermostability. Additionally, the mutant R218S had a 15% increase in specific activity compared to PROK and improvement in the rate and thoroughness of feather degradation compared with PROK. We confirmed the positive effects of enhancing catalytic center rigidity on enzyme thermostability, a finding which may have broad applications.
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22
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Enzymatic bioconversion of feather waste with keratinases of Bacillus cereus PCM 2849. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Enzymatic preparation from culture of keratinolytic Bacillus cereus PCM 2849 was applied for hydrolysis of whole chicken feathers, after sulphitolytic pretreatment. This process was optimized using a three-factor Box-Behnken design, where the effect of substrate concentration, sulphite concentration during pretreatment and reaction temperature was evaluated on the release of amino acids. Obtained results revealed the highest impact of reaction temperature, followed by substrate content and sulphite during pretreatment. Optimal process conditions were established, i.e. temperature 44.4°C, feathers 4.7% and treatment with 25.3 mM sulphite. Amino acid composition of the obtained hydrolysate was analyzed. Glutamic acid (9.21 g·kg−1) and proline were dominant, however significant amount of branched-chain amino acids was also observed. The FTIR analysis of residual substrate revealed the cleavage of disulphide bonds in keratin through the presence of thioester residues. The absence of reduced cysteine residues was confirmed, along with minor changes in proportions of keratin substructures.
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23
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Applications of Fungal Strains with Keratin-Degrading and Plant Growth Promoting Characteristics. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9090543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are organic non-microbial biostimulants having beneficial effects on plants. The study was designed to assess the effects on plants by the applications of PHs obtained from Trichoderma isolates grown on keratin wastes. Trichoderma isolates were characterized for indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores production, activity of lytic enzymes, phosphorous solubilization and inhibition of pathogens growth, using qualitative specific tests. Fungal isolates were cultured on a medium with keratin wastes (wool and feathers) to obtain PHs. Fungal PHs were tested in vivo for plant biostimulant action, as follows: (i) seeds germination test; (ii) activation of plant proton pump; (iii) evaluation of effect on tomato seedling growth. PHs from T. asperellum cultured on feathers medium reached the highest values for all parameters recorded (plant height and diameter, number of leaves and branches), with the exception of those for plant biomass, which were maximum for the wool medium. The metabolites released by keratin degradation under the activity of selected T. asperellum isolate improved crop health and productivity. The use of PHs can be a reasonable solution for the environmental pollution of by-products from the food chain, as well as for the replacement of chemical fertilizers with microbial formulations to stimulate plant growth.
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24
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Callegaro K, Brandelli A, Daroit DJ. Beyond plucking: Feathers bioprocessing into valuable protein hydrolysates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:399-415. [PMID: 31351626 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The livestock production and subsequent processing of meat results in huge quantities of solid waste such as viscera, bones, skin and keratin-rich materials, including feathers, hair, wool, claws and hooves. In particular, the continuous growth of poultry industry generates massive amounts of feathers as major waste material. The conversion of such by-products into materials with increased value has been studied. Hydrothermal, chemical or biological approaches have been investigated to achive effective conversion of highly recalcitrant proteins that are abundant in animal waste, but increasing interest is devoted to the development of biotechnological methods. The processing of feathers and other by-products into protein hydrolysates may have industrial and commercial significance. Therefore, this review comprehensively addresses the postulated applications of hydrolysates obtained from keratinous biomasses. Examples on the utilization of feather hydrolysates as organic soil fertilizers, feed ingredients, cosmetic formulations and biofuel production are described in the literature. Microbial feather hydrolysis can generate bioactive peptides as well. The use of protein-rich waste from meat industry to produce hydrolysates with biological activities constitutes a point of utmost interest for development of functional ingredients with elevated value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Callegaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos (ICTA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Joner Daroit
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Tecnologias Sustentáveis, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Campus Cerro Largo, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal 1580, 97900-000 Cerro Largo, RS, Brazil.
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25
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Sarathi M, Doraiswamy N, Pennathur G. Enhanced stability of immobilized keratinolytic protease on electrospun nanofibers. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:695-703. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1605524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Adelere IA, Lateef A. Degradation of Keratin Biomass by Different Microorganisms. KERATIN AS A PROTEIN BIOPOLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02901-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Tamreihao K, Mukherjee S, Khunjamayum R, Devi LJ, Asem RS, Ningthoujam DS. Feather degradation by keratinolytic bacteria and biofertilizing potential for sustainable agricultural production. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 59:4-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Tamreihao
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
| | - Saikat Mukherjee
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
| | - Rakhi Khunjamayum
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
| | - Laishram Jaya Devi
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
| | - Roshan Singh Asem
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
| | - Debananda S. Ningthoujam
- Advanced Level State Biotech Hub; Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory; Department of Biochemistry; Manipur University; Canchipur India
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28
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Bhagwat PK, Bhise KK, Bhuimbar MV, Dandge PB. Use of statistical experimental methods for optimization of collagenolytic protease production by Bacillus cereus strain SUK grown on fish scales. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:28226-28236. [PMID: 30074139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel and cheap sources like fish scales and molasses were used for the production of collagenolytic protease. Statistical optimization of different parameters for the production of collagenolytic protease by Bacillus cereus strain SUK has been carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). Three most significant medium components identified by Plackett-Burman (PB) were fish scales, molasses, and incubation time, which were further optimized using central composite design (CCD). The medium having fish scales 9.38 g l-1, molasses 2.42 g l-1, and incubation time of 67.34 h was found to be optimum for maximum collagenolytic protease production. B. cereus strain SUK has shown multiple plant growth-promoting traits, whereas degraded fish scale hydrolysates (FSHs) were having antimicrobial as well as plant growth-promoting abilities. The collagenolytic efficiency of this isolate can be exploited in an eco-friendly process of bioconversion of fish waste, representing an alternative way of waste management that could be used to produce various value-added products, such as collagenolytic protease, microbial biomass, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, and collagen peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal K Bhise
- Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | | | - Padma B Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India.
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29
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Effectiveness of eco-friendly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biofertilizer and bacterial feather hydrolysate in promoting growth of Vicia faba in sandy soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Bhari R, Kaur M, Singh RS, Pandey A, Larroche C. Bioconversion of chicken feathers by Bacillus aerius NSMk2: A potential approach in poultry waste management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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31
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Isolation of a feather-degrading strain of bacterium from spider gut and the purification and identification of its three key enzymes. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1681-1689. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Microbial production and industrial applications of keratinases: an overview. Int Microbiol 2018; 21:163-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Tesfaye T, Sithole B, Ramjugernath D, Ndlela L. Optimisation of surfactant decontamination and pre-treatment of waste chicken feathers by using response surface methodology. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 72:371-388. [PMID: 29132781 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Commercially processed, untreated chicken feathers are biologically hazardous due to the presence of blood-borne pathogens. Prior to valorisation, it is crucial that they are decontaminated to remove the microbial contamination. The present study focuses on evaluating the best technologies to decontaminate and pre-treat chicken feathers in order to make them suitable for valorisation. Waste chicken feathers were washed with three surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulphate) dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride, and polyoxyethylene (40) stearate) using statistically designed experiments. Process conditions were optimised using response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken experimental design. The data were compared with decontamination using an autoclave. Under optimised conditions, the microbial counts of the decontaminated and pre-treated chicken feathers were significantly reduced making them safe for handling and use for valorisation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrat Tesfaye
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
| | - Bruce Sithole
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Durban, South Africa
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Luyanda Ndlela
- Natural Resources and the Environment, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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34
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Kinetic study of sulphuric acid hydrolysis of protein feathers. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:715-721. [PMID: 28247098 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poultry feather keratin is the most important by-product from the poultry industry due to its abundance. Different methods have been still applied to process this by-product such as enzymatic hydrolysis which is expensive and inapplicable at the industrial level. This paper presents a study of acid hydrolysis of poultry feathers using different types of acids, sulphuric acid concentration, different temperatures and solid to liquid ratio to obtain a liquid product rich in peptides. The feathers analysis revealed a crude protein content of 88.83%. A maximum peptides production of 676 mg/g was reached using sulphuric acid, 1 molar acid concentration and 50 g/l solid to liquid ratio at a temperature of 90 °C after 300 min. A reaction scheme for protein aggregation and decomposition to polypeptides and amino acids was proposed and a kinetic model for peptides production was developed. The proposed kinetic model proved to be well adapted to the experimental data with R 2 = 0.99.
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Osman Y, Elsayed A, Mowafy AM, Abdelrazak A, Fawzy M. Bioprocess enhancement of feather degradation using alkaliphilic microbial mixture. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:319-328. [PMID: 28097888 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1278627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1. The main aim of this work is to develop a robust method to generate a microbial mixture which can successfully degrade poultry feathers to overcome environmental problems. 2. Four different alkaliphilic microbes were isolated and shown to degrade poultry feathers. 3. Two of the isolates were phylogenetically identified as Lysinibacillus and the others were identified as Nocardiopsis and Micrococcus. 4. The best microbial co-culture for white and black feather degradation was optimised for pH, temperature and relative population of the isolates to achieve almost 96% of degradation compared with a maximum of 31% when applying each isolate individually. 5. The maximum activity of keratinase was estimated to be 1.5 U/ml after 3 d for white feathers and 0.6 U/ml after 4 d for black feathers in a basal medium containing feather as the main carbon source. Additionally, non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed 4 and 3 protease activity bands for white and black feather, respectively. 6. This study provides a robust method to develop potential new mixtures of microorganisms that are able to degrade both white and black feathers by applying a Central Composite Design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Osman
- a Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A Elsayed
- a Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A M Mowafy
- a Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - A Abdelrazak
- a Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - M Fawzy
- a Botany Department, Faculty of Science , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Sahoo DK, Thatoi HN, Mitra B, Mondal KC, Das Mohapatra PK. Advances in Microbial Keratinase and Its Potential Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6847-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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37
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Isolation, characterization and valorizable applications of fish scale collagen in food and agriculture industries. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Bhange K, Chaturvedi V, Bhatt R. Ameliorating effects of chicken feathers in plant growth promotion activity by a keratinolytic strain of Bacillus subtilis PF1. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-016-0091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Plant Growth Promotion Activity of Keratinolytic Fungi Growing on a Recalcitrant Waste Known as "Hair Waste". BIOTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:952921. [PMID: 26697226 PMCID: PMC4677195 DOI: 10.1155/2015/952921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpureocillium lilacinum (Thom) Samsom is one of the most studied fungi in the control of plant parasitic nematodes. However, there is not specific information on its ability to inhibit some pathogenic bacteria, fungi, or yeast. This work reports the production of several antifungal hydrolytic enzymes by a strain of P. lilacinum when it is grown in a medium containing hair waste. The growth of several plant-pathogenic fungi, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium culmorum, was considerably affected by the presence of P. lilacinum's supernatant. Besides antifungal activity, P. lilacinum demonstrates the capability to produce indoleacetic acid and ammonia during time cultivation on hair waste medium. Plant growth-promoting activity by cell-free supernatant was evidenced through the increase of the percentage of tomato seed germination from 71 to 85% after 48 hours. A 21-day plant growth assay using tomato plants indicates that crude supernatant promotes the growth of the plants similar to a reference fertilizer (p > 0.05). These results suggest that both strain and the supernatant may have potential to be considered as a potent biocontrol agent with multiple plant growth-promoting properties. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the antifungal, IAA production and tomato growth enhancing compounds produced by P. lilacinum LPSC #876.
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Zhang RX, Gong JS, Zhang DD, Su C, Hou YS, Li H, Shi JS, Xu ZH. A metallo-keratinase from a newly isolated Acinetobacter sp. R-1 with low collagenase activity and its biotechnological application potential in leather industry. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 39:193-204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Improvisation of Pressmud by Organic Amendment and Its Effect on Soil Quality and Growth of Chilli, Capsicum annum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Optimization for production of liquid nitrogen fertilizer from the degradation of chicken feather by iron-oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles coupled β-keratinase. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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43
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Paul T, Halder SK, Das A, Ghosh K, Mandal A, Payra P, Barman P, Das Mohapatra PK, Pati BR, Mondal KC. Production of chitin and bioactive materials from Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shell waste by the treatment of bacterial protease cocktail. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:483-493. [PMID: 28324551 PMCID: PMC4522719 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to obtain chitin in pure form from a new crustacean waste material for industrial applications. Black tiger shrimp shell wastes are a rich source of protein and valuable bioactive carbohydrate polymers such as chitin. After removal of carotenoid,
Black tiger shrimp shell wastes (BTSHWs) were treated with chemicals and protease enzyme to extract chitin. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize the deproteinization process to obtain chitin. At optimal pH (8.82), temperature (50.05 °C), agitation speed (100.98 rpm), enzyme substrate ratio of 1:8 (wv−1) and 72 h of incubation with Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2 crude protease cocktail, 80 % deproteinization was found along with 77.28 % recovery of chitin. The valuable oligopeptides were determined by MALDI-TOF analysis and analysis of adequate amount of free amino acids in protein hydrolysate from BTSHW, indicating a high nutritional value used for food, feed or as a nitrogen source in growth medium for microorganisms. The chitin obtained was compared with the commercial chitin using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and 13C CP/MAS-NMR. Chitin obtained from crude protease treatment showed comparable physicochemical and structural properties to those of the commercial chitin. The carotenoid obtained after treatment can be used for medicinal purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanamy Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Suman K. Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Arpita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Pijush Payra
- Department of Aquaculture Management and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Prasenjit Barman
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | | | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
| | - Keshab C. Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102 West Bengal India
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Govarthanan M, Selvankumar T, Selvam K, Sudhakar C, Aroulmoji V, Kamala-Kannan S. Response surface methodology based optimization of keratinase production from alkali-treated feather waste and horn waste using Bacillus sp. MG-MASC-BT. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Enzymatic hydrolyzed feather peptide, a welcoming drug for multiple-antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: structural analysis and characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3371-86. [PMID: 25649444 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the bactericidal activity of a feather-degraded active peptide against multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Staphylococcus aureus. An antibacterial peptide (ABP) was isolated from the chicken feathers containing fermented media of Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2, a keratinolytic soil isolate. It was purified by HPLC, and its mass was found to be 4666.87 Da using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of this peptide were 22.5 and 90 μg/ml, respectively. SEM study revealed the distorted cell wall of the test strain along with pore formation. The possible reason for bactericidal activity of the peptide is due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in membrane damage and leakage of intracellular protein. Complete sequence of the peptide was predicted and retrieved from the sequence database of chicken feather keratin after in silico trypsin digestion using ExPASy tools. Further, net charge, hydrophobicity (77.7 %) and molecular modelling of the peptide were evaluated for better understanding of its mode of action. The hydrophobic region (17 to 27) of the peptide may facilitate for initial attachment on the bacterial membrane. The ABP exhibited no adverse effects on RBC membrane and HT-29 human cell line. This cytosafe peptide can be exploited as an effective therapeutic agent to combat Staphylococcal infections.
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Go TH, Cho KS, Lee SM, Lee OM, Son HJ. Simultaneous Production of Antifungal and Keratinolytic Activities by Feather-Degrading Bacillus subtilis S8. Indian J Microbiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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47
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Halder SK, Jana A, Das A, Paul T, Das Mohapatra PK, Pati BR, Mondal KC. Appraisal of antioxidant, anti-hemolytic and DNA shielding potentialities of chitosaccharides produced innovatively from shrimp shell by sequential treatment with immobilized enzymes. Food Chem 2014; 158:325-34. [PMID: 24731350 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chitosaccharides (CS) of varied size were prepared from shrimp shell through sequential catalysis, using crude protease and chitinase enzymes immobilized on agar beads. In the optimized state, immobilization yield and activity yield for protease were 84% and 62%, and for chitinase were 75% and 57%, respectively. Immobilized protease and chitinase treatment improved CS yields (101 μg/ml) and retained 63% and 52% of activities after 10 reuses, respectively. Stronger radical-scavenging activity (RSA) of CS against ABTS, DPPH and hydroxyl radical was noted with EC50 values 19.1, 26.4 and 29.6 μg/ml, respectively. Peroxyl and superoxide RSAs of 96.8% and 88.6% were noticed at 70 μg/ml of CS. Singlet oxygen quenching, reducing power and ferrous ion-chelating activities of CS were also pronounced. CS reasonably reduced oxidative damage of DNA, protein and RBC by inhibiting H2O2 and AAPH radicals. Reversible CS-DNA condensation leads to DNA stabilization without changing its conformation and advocates its employment in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Arpan Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Tanmay Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 721102, India
| | | | - Bikas Ranjan Pati
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 721102, India
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