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Li X, Zhou JX, Qu YD, Kuang X. Сyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Parecoxib Reduces LPS-Induced Activation of BV2 Microglia Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 174:210-215. [PMID: 36600038 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We studied the inhibitory effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor parecoxib on LPS-induced activation of BV2 microglia cells. The optimal dose of parecoxib (80 μmol/liter) was evaluated by the Cell Counting Kit-8. The cells were divided into the following groups: control (intact cells without treatment); LPS (treatment with 1 μg/ml LPS for 6 h), and experimental (pretreatment with 80 μmol/liter parecoxib for 24 h followed by incubation with 1 μg/ml LPS for 6 h). Cell morphology and proliferation and the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, and IL-1β were assessed. LPS induced significant morphological changes and decreased proliferation of primary BV2 cells in comparison with the control. These changes were prevented by parecoxib pretreatment. LPS significantly increased NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle activation and expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, and IL-1β in comparison with the control group; pretreatment with parecoxib prevented all these changes. Our results suggest that pretreatment with parecoxib inhibited LPS-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells and probably inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medicine University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - J X Zhou
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y D Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medicine University, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Kuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the People's Hospital of Longhua Shenzhen, Affiliated Longhua People's Hospital, Southern Medicine University, Shenzhen, China
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2
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Norman JE, Nuthikattu S, Milenkovic D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. A high sucrose diet modifies brain oxylipins in a sex-dependent manner. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102506. [PMID: 36244214 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins have been implicated in many biological processes and diseases. Dysregulation of cerebral lipid homeostasis and altered lipid metabolites have been associated with the onset and progression of dementia. Although most dietary interventions have focused on modulation of dietary fats, the impact of a high sucrose diet on the brain oxylipin profile is unknown. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed a high sucrose diet (HSD, 34%) in comparison to a control low sucrose diet (LSD, 12%) for 12 weeks beginning at 20 weeks of age. The profile of 53 free oxylipins was then measured in brain by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Serum glucose and insulin were measured enzymatically. We first assessed whether there were any effects of the diet on the brain oxylipin profile, then assessed for sex differences. RESULTS There were no differences in fasting serum glucose between the sexes for mice fed a HSD or in fasting serum insulin levels for mice on either diet. The HSD altered the brain oxylipin profile in both sexes in distinctly different patterns: there was a reduction in three oxylipins (by 47-61%) and an increase in one oxylipin (16%) all downstream of lipoxygenase enzymes in males and a reduction in eight oxylipins (by 14-94%) mostly downstream of cyclooxygenase activity in females. 9-oxo-ODE and 6-trans-LTB4 were most influential in the separation of the oxylipin profiles by diet in male mice, whereas 5-HEPE and 12-HEPE were most influential in the separation by diet in female mice. Oxylipins 9‑hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), 11-HETE, and 15-HETE were higher in the brains of females, regardless of diet. CONCLUSION A HSD substantially changes brain oxylipins in a distinctly sexually dimorphic manner. Results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms and links to metabolic disease. Sex and diet effects on brain oxylipin composition may provide future targets for the management of neuroinflammatory diseases, such as dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Norman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Saivageethi Nuthikattu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Meyer Hall 3143, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, The Grove 1258, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wallace CH, Oliveros G, Serrano PA, Rockwell P, Xie L, Figueiredo-Pereira M. Timapiprant, a prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist, ameliorates pathology in a rat Alzheimer's model. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202201555. [PMID: 36167438 PMCID: PMC9515385 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relevance of the prostaglandin D2 pathway in Alzheimer's disease, because prostaglandin D2 is a major prostaglandin in the brain. Thus, its contribution to Alzheimer's disease merits attention, given the known impact of the prostaglandin E2 pathway in Alzheimer's disease. We used the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model because it exhibits age-dependent and progressive Alzheimer's disease pathology. Prostaglandin D2 levels in hippocampi of TgF344-AD and wild-type littermates were significantly higher than prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin D2 signals through DP1 and DP2 receptors. Microglial DP1 receptors were more abundant and neuronal DP2 receptors were fewer in TgF344-AD than in wild-type rats. Expression of the major brain prostaglandin D2 synthase (lipocalin-type PGDS) was the highest among 33 genes involved in the prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 pathways. We treated a subset of rats (wild-type and TgF344-AD males) with timapiprant, a potent highly selective DP2 antagonist in development for allergic inflammation treatment. Timapiprant significantly mitigated Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits in TgF344-AD males. Thus, selective DP2 antagonists have potential as therapeutics to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Wallace
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Oliveros
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Patricia Rockwell
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Computer Science, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Figueiredo-Pereira
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Shinto LH, Raber J, Mishra A, Roese N, Silbert LC. A Review of Oxylipins in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD): Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Modulation of Vascular Tone and Inflammation. Metabolites 2022; 12:826. [PMID: 36144230 PMCID: PMC9501361 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now a convincing body of evidence from observational studies that the majority of modifiable Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risk factors are vascular in nature. In addition, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease with AD is more common than AD alone, and conditions resulting in brain ischemia likely promote detrimental effects of AD pathology. Oxylipins are a class of bioactive lipid mediators derived from the oxidation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) which act as modulators of both vascular tone and inflammation. In vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), there is emerging evidence that oxylipins may have both protective and detrimental effects on brain structure, cognitive performance, and disease progression. In this review, we focus on oxylipin relationships with vascular and inflammatory risk factors in human studies and animal models pertinent to ADRD. In addition, we discuss future research directions with the potential to impact the trajectory of ADRD risk and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne H. Shinto
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Neuroscience and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Natalie Roese
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa C. Silbert
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., CR120, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Ferré-González L, Peña-Bautista C, Baquero M, Cháfer-Pericás C. Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation in Alzheimer's Disease Differential Diagnosis and Prognosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030551. [PMID: 35326200 PMCID: PMC8944831 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias are becoming increasingly common in the older population, and the number of people affected is expected to increase in a few years. Nowadays, biomarkers used in early AD diagnosis are expensive and invasive. Therefore, this research field is growing. In fact, peroxidation by-products derived from the oxidation of brain lipids (arachidonic (AA), docosahexanoic (DHA) and adrenic acid (AdA)) could be potential biomarkers, participating in the mechanisms of inflammation, neurotoxicity and cell death in AD pathology. Previous studies have shown specificity between lipid peroxidation compounds and other dementias (e.g., Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD)), but more research is required. Lipid peroxidation compounds (prostaglandins, isoprostanes, isofurans, neuroprostanes, neurofurans, dihomo-isoprostanes and dihomo-isofurans) were analysed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry in plasma samples from participants classified into a healthy group (n = 80), a mild cognitive impairment due to AD group (n = 106), a mild dementia due to AD group (n = 70), an advanced dementia due to AD group (n = 11) and a group of other non-AD dementias (n = 20). Most of these compounds showed statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), showing higher levels for the healthy and non-AD groups than the AD groups. Then, a multivariate analysis was carried out on these compounds, showing good diagnosis indexes (AUC 0.77, sensitivity 81.3%, positive predictive value 81%). Moreover, evaluating AD disease prognosis, two compounds (15-F2t-IsoP and 14(RS)-14-F4t-NeuroP) and three total parameters (isoprostanes, isofurans and neurofurans) showed significant differences among groups. Some compounds derived from the oxidation of AA, DHA and AdA have demonstrated their potential use in differential AD diagnosis. Specifically, 15-F2t-IsoP, 14(RS)-14-F4t-NeuroP and the total parameters for isoprostanes, isofurans and neurofurans have shown prognostic value for AD from its earliest stages to its most severe form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ferré-González
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.F.-G.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Carmen Peña-Bautista
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.F.-G.); (C.P.-B.)
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Division of Neurology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Consuelo Cháfer-Pericás
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.F.-G.); (C.P.-B.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang J, Li Z, Fan M, Jin W. Lipoxins in the Nervous System: Brighter Prospects for Neuroprotection. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:781889. [PMID: 35153778 PMCID: PMC8826722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.781889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoxins (LXs) are generated from arachidonic acid and are involved in the resolution of inflammation and confer protection in a variety of pathological processes. In the nervous system, LXs exert an array of protective effects against neurological diseases, including ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy, brain and spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain. Lipoxin administration is a potential therapeutic strategy in neurological diseases due to its notable efficiency and unique superiority regarding safety. Here, we provide an overview of LXs in terms of their synthesis, signaling pathways and neuroprotective evidence. Overall, we believe that, along with advances in lipoxin-related drug design, LXs will bring brighter prospects for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Graduate School of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingyue Fan
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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Systemic inflammation induced changes in protein expression of ABC transporters and ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit 1 in the cerebral cortex of familial Alzheimer`s disease mouse model. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3953-3962. [PMID: 34403652 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable disease, with complex pathophysiology and a myriad of proteins involved in its development. In this study, we applied quantitative targeted absolute proteomic analysis for investigation of changes in potential AD drug targets, biomarkers, and transporters in cerebral cortices of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation mouse model, familial AD mice (APdE9) with and without LPS treatment as compared to age-matched wild type (WT) mice. The ABCB1, ABCG2 and GluN1 protein expression ratios between LPS treated APdE9 and WT control mice were 0.58 (95% CI 0.44 - 0.72), 0.65 (95% CI 0.53 - 0.77) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.52 - 0.69), respectively. The protein expression levels of other proteins such as MGLL, COX-2, CytC, ABCC1, ABCC4, SLC2A1 and SLC7A5 did not differ between the study groups. Overall, the study revealed that systemic inflammation can alter ABCB1 and ABCG2 protein expression in brain in AD, which can affect intra-brain drug distribution and play a role in AD development. Moreover, the inflammatory insult caused by peripheral infection in AD may be important factor triggering changes in GluN1 protein expression. However, more studies need to be performed in order to confirm these findings. The quantitative information about the expression of selected proteins provides important knowledge, which may help in the optimal use of the mouse models in AD drug development and better translation of preclinical data to humans.
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Effect of Bushen Huoxue Prescription on Cognitive Dysfunction of KK-Ay Type 2 Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6656362. [PMID: 33777159 PMCID: PMC7981179 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6656362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive impairment is one of the common complications of type 2 diabetes, which can cause neurological and microvascular damage in the brain. Bushen Huoxue prescription (BSHX), a compound Chinese medicine, has been used clinically to treat diabetes-induced cognitive impairment. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, KK-Ay diabetic model mouse was administered BSHX daily for 12 weeks. Bodyweight, random blood glucose (RBG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured every 4 weeks. Triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting serum insulin (FINS), and Morris water maze were tested after 12 weeks of administration. On the day of sacrifice, the hippocampus was collected for pathological staining and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) analysis to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of BSHX. Our results showed that BSHX treatment significantly ameliorated the T2DM related insults, including the increased bodyweight, blood glucose, TG, insulin levels, AGEs, the reduced HDL-C, the impaired spatial memory, and the neurological impairment. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that increased expression of receptors of AGEs (RAGEs), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the hippocampus were significantly inhibited by BSHX treatment. These results indicate that BSHX can significantly ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism dysfunction, reduce the morphological changes in hippocampus tissues, and improve the cognitive function of KK-Ay mice. These protective effects of BSHX may involve regulation of the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Norel X, Sugimoto Y, Ozen G, Abdelazeem H, Amgoud Y, Bouhadoun A, Bassiouni W, Goepp M, Mani S, Manikpurage HD, Senbel A, Longrois D, Heinemann A, Yao C, Clapp LH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin E 2 Receptors (EP1-4) and Prostacyclin Receptor (IP): Specific Roles in Pathophysiologic Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:910-968. [PMID: 32962984 PMCID: PMC7509579 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 are strongly involved in the regulation of homeostasis and main physiologic functions. In addition, the synthesis of these two prostaglandins is significantly increased during inflammation. PGI2 and PGE2 exert their biologic actions by binding to their respective receptors, namely prostacyclin receptor (IP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1-4, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. IP and EP1-4 receptors are widely distributed in the body and thus play various physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies using pharmacological approaches, genetically modified animals, and genome-wide association studies regarding the roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors in the immune, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. In particular, we highlight similarities and differences between human and rodents in terms of the specific roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, functions, and activities for each biologic system. We also highlight the potential novel therapeutic benefit of targeting IP and EP1-4 receptors in several diseases based on the scientific advances, animal models, and human studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiologic role of the prostacyclin receptor, prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors when activated by the two main prostaglandins, namely prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, produced during inflammatory conditions in human and rodents. In addition, this comparison of the published results in each tissue and/or pathology should facilitate the choice of the most appropriate model for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yasmine Amgoud
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amel Bouhadoun
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Salma Mani
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amira Senbel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
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Zawada K, Czarnecka K, Girek M, Kręcisz P, Trejtnar F, Mandíková J, Jończyk J, Bajda M, Staśkiewicz M, Wójtowicz P, Dziubek K, Skibiński R, Szymański P. New hybrids of tacrine and indomethacin as multifunctional acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA new series of hybrid compounds were designed, consisting of anti-AChE and BuChE activity components with an anti-inflammatory component. A series of 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine and indomethacin derivatives were synthesized. All compounds were created using alkyldiamine with different chain lengths as a linker. Various biological activities were evaluated, including inhibitory activity against AChE and BuChE. The tested compounds showed high inhibitory activities against cholinesterases. The IC50 values for all compounds ranging from 10 nM to 7 µM. The potency of inhibition was much higher than well-known AChE and BuChE inhibitors (tacrine and donepezil). Compound 3h had the strongest inhibitory activity; kinetic studies showed it to have a mixed-type of acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties. The cytotoxicity of the newly-synthesized compounds against HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma cells) and EA.hy96 (human vein endothelial cells) cell lines was determined using the MTT and MTS tests. All investigated compounds presented similar cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and EA.hy926 cell line, ranged in micromolar values. Compounds with longer linkers showed higher antioxidant activity. The most active compound was 3h. Docking studies confirmed interactions with important regions of AChE and BuChE. Its multifunctional properties, i.e. high activity against AChE and BuChE, antioxidant activity and low cytotoxicity, highlight 3h as a promising agent for the treatment of AD.
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Jordan F, Quinn TJ, McGuinness B, Passmore P, Kelly JP, Tudur Smith C, Murphy K, Devane D. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4:CD011459. [PMID: 32352165 PMCID: PMC7192366 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011459.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a worldwide concern. Its global prevalence is increasing. At present, there is no medication licensed to prevent or delay the onset of dementia. Inflammation has been suggested as a key factor in dementia pathogenesis. Therefore, medications with anti-inflammatory properties could be beneficial for dementia prevention. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and adverse effects of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the primary or secondary prevention of dementia. SEARCH METHODS We searched ALOIS, the specialised register of the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group up to 9 January 2020. ALOIS contains records of clinical trials identified from monthly searches of several major healthcare databases, trial registries and grey literature sources. We ran additional searches across MEDLINE (OvidSP), Embase (OvidSP) and six other databases to ensure that the searches were as comprehensive and up-to-date as possible. We also reviewed citations of reference lists of included studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing aspirin or other NSAIDs with placebo for the primary or secondary prevention of dementia. We included trials with cognitively healthy participants (primary prevention) or participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or cognitive complaints (secondary prevention). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We rated the strength of evidence for each outcome using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included four RCTs with 23,187 participants. Because of the diversity of these trials, we did not combine data to give summary estimates, but presented a narrative description of the evidence. We identified one trial (19,114 participants) comparing low-dose aspirin (100 mg once daily) to placebo. Participants were aged 70 years or older with no history of dementia, cardiovascular disease or physical disability. Interim analysis indicated no significant treatment effect and the trial was terminated slightly early after a median of 4.7 years' follow-up. There was no evidence of a difference in incidence of dementia between aspirin and placebo groups (risk ratio (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15; high-certainty evidence). Participants allocated aspirin had higher rates of major bleeding (RR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.60, high-certainty evidence) and slightly higher mortality (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.28; high-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in activities of daily living between groups (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.02; high-certainty evidence). We identified three trials comparing non-aspirin NSAIDs to placebo. All three trials were terminated early due to adverse events associated with NSAIDs reported in other trials. One trial (2528 participants) investigated the cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib (200 mg twice daily) and the non-selective NSAID naproxen (220 mg twice daily) for preventing dementia in cognitively healthy older adults with a family history of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Median follow-up was 734 days. Combining both NSAID treatment arms, there was no evidence of a difference in the incidence of AD between participants allocated NSAIDs and those allocated placebo (RR 1.91, 95% CI 0.89 to 4.10; moderate-certainty evidence). There was also no evidence of a difference in rates of myocardial infarction (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.40), stroke (RR 1.82, 95% CI 0.76 to 4.37) or mortality (RR 1.37, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.43) between treatment groups (all moderate-certainty evidence). One trial (88 participants) assessed the effectiveness of celecoxib (200 mg or 400 mg daily) in delaying cognitive decline in participants aged 40 to 81 years with mild age-related memory loss but normal memory performance scores. Mean duration of follow-up was 17.6 months in the celecoxib group and 18.1 months in the placebo group. There was no evidence of a difference between groups in test scores in any of six cognitive domains. Participants allocated celecoxib experienced more gastrointestinal adverse events than those allocated placebo (RR 2.66, 95% CI 1.05 to 6.75; low-certainty evidence). One trial (1457 participants) assessed the effectiveness of the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (25 mg once daily) in delaying or preventing a diagnosis of AD in participants with MCI. Median duration of study participation was 115 weeks in the rofecoxib group and 130 weeks in the placebo group. There was a higher incidence of AD in the rofecoxib than the placebo group (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.72; moderate-certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference between groups in cardiovascular adverse events (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.66; moderate-certainty evidence) or mortality (RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.85 to 3.05; moderate-certainty evidence). Participants allocated rofecoxib had more upper gastrointestinal adverse events (RR 3.53, 95% CI 1.17 to 10.68; moderate-certainty evidence). Reported annual mean difference scores showed no evidence of a difference between groups in activities of daily living (year 1: no data available; year 2: 0.0, 95% CI -0.1 to 0.2; year 3: 0.1, 95% CI -0.1 to 0.3; year 4: 0.1, 95% CI -0.1 to 0.4; moderate-certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence to support the use of low-dose aspirin or other NSAIDs of any class (celecoxib, rofecoxib or naproxen) for the prevention of dementia, but there was evidence of harm. Although there were limitations in the available evidence, it seems unlikely that there is any need for further trials of low-dose aspirin for dementia prevention. If future studies of NSAIDs for dementia prevention are planned, they will need to be cognisant of the safety concerns arising from the existing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Jordan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Terry J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - John P Kelly
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Kathy Murphy
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Declan Devane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Avila JA, Kiprowska M, Jean-Louis T, Rockwell P, Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Serrano PA. PACAP27 mitigates an age-dependent hippocampal vulnerability to PGJ2-induced spatial learning deficits and neuroinflammation in mice. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01465. [PMID: 31769222 PMCID: PMC6955932 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the brain is mediated by the cyclooxygenase pathway, which leads to the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin (PG) D2, the most abundant PG in the brain, increases under pathological conditions and is spontaneously metabolized to PGJ2. PGJ2 is highly neurotoxic, with the potential to transition neuroinflammation into a chronic state and contribute to neurodegeneration as seen in many neurological diseases. Conversely, PACAP27 is a lipophilic peptide that raises intracellular cAMP and is an anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of our study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of PACAP27 to counter the behavioral and neurotoxic effects of PGJ2 observed in aged subjects. METHODS PGJ2 was injected bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 region of 53-week-old and 12-week-old C57BL/6N male mice, once per week over 3 weeks (three total infusions) and included co-infusions of PACAP27 within respective treatment groups. Our behavioral assessments looked at spatial learning and memory performance on the 8-arm radial maze, followed by histological analyses of fixed hippocampal tissue using Fluoro-Jade C and fluorescent immunohistochemistry focused on IBA-1 microglia. RESULTS Aged mice treated with PGJ2 exhibited spatial learning and long-term memory deficits, as well as neurodegeneration in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Aged mice that received co-infusions of PACAP27 exhibited remediated learning and memory performance and decreased neurodegeneration in CA3 pyramidal neurons. Moreover, microglial activation in the CA3 region was also reduced in aged mice cotreated with PACAP27. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that PGJ2 can produce a retrograde spread of damage not observed in PGJ2-treated young mice, leading to age-dependent neurodegeneration of hippocampal neurons producing learning and memory deficits. PACAP27 can remediate the behavioral and neurodegenerative effects that PGJ2 produces in aged subjects. Targeting specific neurotoxic prostaglandins, such as PGJ2, offers great promise as a new therapeutic strategy downstream of cyclooxygenases, to combat the neuronal deficits induced by chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Avila
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Magdalena Kiprowska
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teneka Jean-Louis
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Tanaka N, Yamaguchi H, Mano N. Involvement of H +-gradient dependent transporter in PGE 2 release from A549 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 149:30-36. [PMID: 31421525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the transporter involved in the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In the present study, transport assays were conducted using membrane vesicles prepared from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, thus enabling identification of the novel exporter present in A549 cells. PGE2 transport into A549 vesicles was higher in the presence of a proton (H+)-gradient, thus suggesting the involvement of PGE2H+ symporter in PGE2 transport. Results from our experiments showed enhanced PGE2 release in A549 cells in the presence of H+-gradient ([H+]extracellular < [H+]intracellular). Moreover, in vesicular transport assays, H+-gradient-dependent transport of PGE2 did not show saturation up to 500 μM PGE2, and 10 mM aromatic monocarboxylic acids (acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid, and p-nitrobenzoic acid) significantly inhibited PGE2 transport by 62-70%. These results suggest, the involvement of monocarboxylate transporters in the H+-gradient-dependent PGE2 export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japa; Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine/Department of Pharmacy, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2, Iida-nishi, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japa
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Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Nasaruddin ML, Mori M, Azizan KA, Damanhuri HA, Makpol S, Wan Ngah WZ, Tooyama I. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction of Palm Oil Improves Behavioral Impairments and Regulates Metabolic Pathways in AβPP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 64:249-267. [PMID: 29889072 PMCID: PMC6004929 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil, a mixture of vitamin E analogs, improves amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. However, precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term (10 months) TRF treatment on behavioral impairments and brain metabolites in (15 months old) AβPP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice. The open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tasks revealed improved exploratory activity, spatial learning, and recognition memory, respectively, in TRF-treated Tg mice. Brain metabolite profiling of wild-type and Tg mice treated with and without TRF was performed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM)-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Metabolic pathway analysis found perturbed metabolic pathways that linked to AD. TRF treatment partly ameliorated metabolic perturbations in Tg mouse hippocampus. The mechanism of this pre-emptive activity may occur via modulation of metabolic pathways dependent on Aβ interaction or independent of Aβ interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wati Durani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hamizah Shahirah Hamezah
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Nor Faeizah Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nasaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Masaki Mori
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKMMC, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Japan
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16
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Banarouei N, Davood A, Shafaroodi H, Saeedi G, Shafiee A. N-arylmethylideneaminophthalimide: Design, Synthesis and Evaluation as Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:679-687. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180424101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective:
N-aryl derivatives of phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide have
demonstrated cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity. Also, they possess excellent analgesic and antiinflammatory
activity. In this work, a new series of N-arylmethylideneamino derivatives of
phthalimide and 4-nitro phthalimide were designed and synthesized.
Methods:
The designed compounds were synthesized by condensation of the appropriate aldehyde and
N-aminophthalimide in ethanol at room temperature at PH around 3. Their analgesic and antiinflammatory
activity were evaluated by acetic acid-induced pain test and carrageenan-induced paw
edema test in mice and rats, respectively.
Results and Conclusion::
The details of the synthesis and chemical characterization of the analogs are
described. In vivo screening showed compounds 3a, 3b, 3f and 3h were the most potent analgesic
compounds. In addition, compounds 3a, 3c, 3d, 3e and 3j indicated comparable anti-inflammatory activity
to indomethacin as a reference drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimossadat Banarouei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Davood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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17
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Xu GB, Yang LQ, Guan PP, Wang ZY, Wang P. Prostaglandin A1 Inhibits the Cognitive Decline of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice via PPARγ/ABCA1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux Mechanisms. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:505-522. [PMID: 30627958 PMCID: PMC6554490 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-00704-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are early and key contributors to chronic neurodegenerative diseases. As one important member of classical PGs, PGA1 has been reported to exert potential neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. To this end, we are prompted to investigate whether PGA1 is a useful neurological treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) or not. Using high-throughput sequencing, we found that PGA1 potentially regulates cholesterol metabolism and lipid transport. Interestingly, we further found that short-term administration of PGA1 decreased the levels of the monomeric and oligomeric β-amyloid protein (oAβ) in a cholesterol-dependent manner. In detail, PGA1 activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) signalling pathways, promoting the efflux of cholesterol and decreasing the intracellular cholesterol levels. Through PPARγ/ABCA1/cholesterol-dependent pathway, PGA1 decreased the expression of presenilin enhancer protein 2 (PEN-2), which is responsible for the production of Aβ. More importantly, long-term administration of PGA1 remarkably decreased the formation of Aβ monomers, oligomers, and fibrils. The actions of PGA1 on the production and deposition of Aβ ultimately improved the cognitive decline of the amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Biao Xu
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Qing Yang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-You Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, No. 3-11. Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Roscales S, Kniess T, Bechmann N, Pietzsch J. One-Pot Cascade Synthesis of Pyrazole Based Isosteres of Valdecoxib by a [3+2] Cycloaddition Sequence and Evaluation of Their Cox Inhibitory Activity. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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19
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Abstract
Elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the gaps in our knowledge of the roles of COX-2 and PGs in AD have not been filled. Here, we summarized the literature showing that COX-2 dysregulation obviously influences abnormal cleavage of β-amyloid precursor protein, aggregation and deposition of Aβ in β-amyloid plaques and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis have been assessed to elucidate the mechanisms of COX-2 regulation of AD. Notably, an imbalance of these factors ultimately produces cognitive decline. The current review substantiates our understanding of the mechanisms of COX-2-induced AD and establishes foundations for the design of feasible therapeutic strategies to treat AD.-Guan, P.-P., Wang, P. Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase-2 and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Guan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pu Wang
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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20
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Gunaydin C, Bilge SS. Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs at the Molecular Level. Eurasian J Med 2018; 50:116-121. [PMID: 30002579 DOI: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. NSAIDs generally work by blocking the production of prostaglandins (PGs) through the inhibition of two cyclooxygenase enzymes. PGs are key factors in many cellular processes, such as gastrointestinal cytoprotection, hemostasis and thrombosis, inflammation, renal hemodynamics, turnover of cartilage, and angiogenesis. Interest has grown in the various effects of NSAIDs during the last decade. Epidemiological studies have revealed the reduced risk of several cancer types and neurodegenerative diseases by prolonged use of NSAIDs. Recent advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NSAIDs will accelerate the processes of discovery and clinical implementation. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of NSAIDs on the body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Gunaydin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - S Sirri Bilge
- Department of Pharmacology, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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21
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Roscales S, Bechmann N, Weiss DH, Köckerling M, Pietzsch J, Kniess T. Novel valdecoxib derivatives by ruthenium(ii)-promoted 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with alkynes - synthesis and COX-2 inhibition activity. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:534-544. [PMID: 30108944 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel valdecoxib-based cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors were synthesized in one step via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with a series of eleven aryl alkynes, six of them described for the first time. Application of Ru(ii)-catalysis leads preferably to the formation of the 3,4-diaryl-substituted isoxazoles, while under thermal heating with base the 3,5-diaryl substitution pattern is favoured. The new the 3,4-diaryl-substituted isoxazoles possessing a small substituent (H and Me) displayed high COX-2 inhibition affinity (IC50 = 0.042-0.073 μM) and excellent selectivity (COX-2 SI > 2000). In contrast, the 3,5-diaryl substituted compounds displayed almost no COX activity. The introduction of a 4-fluorophenyl substituent resulted in retained high COX-2 affinity, making these compounds together with the feasible one step reaction promising candidates for the development of fluorine-18 labelled radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Roscales
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Nicole Bechmann
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany .
| | - Daniel Holger Weiss
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert Einstein Straße 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Department of Inorganic Solid State Chemistry , Institute of Chemistry , University of Rostock , Albert Einstein Straße 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany . .,Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66 , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Torsten Kniess
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology , Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research , Bautzner Landstraße 400 , 01328 Dresden , Germany .
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22
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Tian X, Ji C, Luo Y, Yang Y, Kuang S, Mai S, Ma J, Yang J. PGE2-EP3 signaling pathway contributes to protective effects of misoprostol on cerebral injury in APP/PS1 mice. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25304-14. [PMID: 27015117 PMCID: PMC5041905 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit the enzymatic activity of the inflammatory cyclooxygenases (COX), reduces the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in normal aging populations. Considering multiple adverse side effects of NSAIDs, findings suggest that COX downstream prostaglandin signaling function in the pre-clinical development of AD. Our previous study found that misoprostol, a synthetic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor agonist, has neuroprotection against brain injury induced by chronic aluminum overload. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of misoprostol on neurodegeneration in overexpressing both amyloid precursor protein (APP) and mutant presenilin 1 (PS1) mice. Here were young group, elderly group, APP/PS1 group and misoprostol-treated group. Mice in misoprostol-treated group were administrated with misoprostol (200 μg·kg−1·d−1, p.o.) five days a week for 20 weeks. The spatial learning and memory function was impaired and karyopycnosis of hippocampal and cortical neurons was observed; amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was increased; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased in APP/PS1 mice. However, misoprostol could significantly blunte these changes in APP/PS1 mic. Moreover, the expressions of microsomal PGE2 synthase (mPGES-1), PGE2, PGE2 receptor (EP) 2 and EP4 were increased and EP3 expression was decreased in APP/PS1 mice, while misoprostol reversed these changes. Our present experimental results indicate that misoprostol has a neuroprotective effect on brain injury and neurodegeneration of APP/PS1 mice and that the activation of PGE2-EP3 signaling and inhibition of oxidative stress contribute to the neuroprotective mechanisms of misoprostol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chaonan Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengnan Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shaoshan Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing 400016, China
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23
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González-Reyes RE, Nava-Mesa MO, Vargas-Sánchez K, Ariza-Salamanca D, Mora-Muñoz L. Involvement of Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease from a Neuroinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:427. [PMID: 29311817 PMCID: PMC5742194 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a frequent and devastating neurodegenerative disease in humans, but still no curative treatment has been developed. Although many explicative theories have been proposed, precise pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Due to the importance of astrocytes in brain homeostasis they have become interesting targets for the study of AD. Changes in astrocyte function have been observed in brains from individuals with AD, as well as in AD in vitro and in vivo animal models. The presence of amyloid beta (Aβ) has been shown to disrupt gliotransmission, neurotransmitter uptake, and alter calcium signaling in astrocytes. Furthermore, astrocytes express apolipoprotein E and are involved in the production, degradation and removal of Aβ. As well, changes in astrocytes that precede other pathological characteristics observed in AD, point to an early contribution of astroglia in this disease. Astrocytes participate in the inflammatory/immune responses of the central nervous system. The presence of Aβ activates different cell receptors and intracellular signaling pathways, mainly the advanced glycation end products receptor/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway, responsible for the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in astrocytes. The release of these pro-inflammatory agents may induce cellular damage or even stimulate the production of Aβ in astrocytes. Additionally, Aβ induces the appearance of oxidative stress (OS) and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in astrocytes, affecting among others, intracellular calcium levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX), NF-κB signaling, glutamate uptake (increasing the risk of excitotoxicity) and mitochondrial function. Excessive neuroinflammation and OS are observed in AD, and astrocytes seem to be involved in both. The Aβ/NF-κB interaction in astrocytes may play a central role in these inflammatory and OS changes present in AD. In this paper, we also discuss therapeutic measures highlighting the importance of astrocytes in AD pathology. Several new therapeutic approaches involving phenols (curcumin), phytoestrogens (genistein), neuroesteroids and other natural phytochemicals have been explored in astrocytes, obtaining some promising results regarding cognitive improvements and attenuation of neuroinflammation. Novel strategies comprising astrocytes and aimed to reduce OS in AD have also been proposed. These include estrogen receptor agonists (pelargonidin), Bambusae concretio Salicea, Monascin, and various antioxidatives such as resveratrol, tocotrienol, anthocyanins, and epicatechin, showing beneficial effects in AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Ariza-Salamanca
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Mora-Muñoz
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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24
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Yousif NM, de Oliveira ACP, Brioschi S, Huell M, Biber K, Fiebich BL. Activation of EP 2 receptor suppresses poly(I: C) and LPS-mediated inflammation in primary microglia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures: Contributing role for MAPKs. Glia 2017; 66:708-724. [PMID: 29226424 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain inflammation is a critical factor involved in neurodegeneration. Recently, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) downstream members were suggested to modulate neuroinflammatory responses accompanying neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2 ) during TLR3 and TLR4-driven inflammatory response using in vitro primary microglia and ex vivo organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). Depletion of microglia from OHSCs differentially affected TLR3 and TLR4 receptor expression. Poly(I:C) induced the production of prostaglandin E2 in OHSCs by increasing cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. Besides, stimulation of OHSCs and microglia with Poly(I:C) upregulated EP2 receptor expression. Co-stimulation of OHSCs and microglia with the EP2 agonist butaprost reduced inflammatory mediators induced by LPS and Poly(I:C). In Poly(I:C) challenged OHSCs, butaprost almost restored microglia ramified morphology and reduced Iba1 immunoreactivity. Importantly, microglia depletion prevented the induction of inflammatory mediators following Poly(I:C) or LPS challenge in OHSCs. Activation of EP2 receptor reversed the Poly(I:C)/LPS-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in microglia. Collectively, these data identify an anti-inflammatory function for EP2 signaling in diverse innate immune responses, through a mechanism that involves the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar M Yousif
- Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Simone Brioschi
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Michael Huell
- Zentrum für Psychiatrie Emmendingen, Neubronnstr. 25, Emmendingen, 79312
| | - Knut Biber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hauptstr. 5, Freiburg, D-79104, Germany
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25
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Prostaglandin J2 promotes O-GlcNAcylation raising APP processing by α- and β-secretases: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:130-145. [PMID: 29149631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by α- and β-secretases is of special interest to Alzheimer's disease (AD), as these proteases prevent or mediate amyloid beta formation, respectively. Neuroinflammation is also implicated in AD. Our data demonstrate that the endogenous mediator of inflammation prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) promotes full-length APP (FL-APP) processing by α- and β-secretases. The decrease in FL-APP was independent of proteasomal, lysosomal, calpain, caspase, and γ-secretase activities. Moreover, PGJ2-treatment promoted cleavage of secreted APP, specifically sAPPα and sAPPβ, generated by α and β-secretase, respectively. Notably, PGJ2-treatment induced caspase-dependent cleavage of sAPPβ. Mechanistically, PGJ2-treatment selectively diminished mature (O- and N-glycosylated) but not immature (N-glycosylated only) FL-APP. PGJ2-treatment also increased the overall levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation, which occurs within the nucleocytoplasmic compartment. It is known that APP undergoes O-GlcNAcylation and that the latter protects proteins from proteasomal degradation. Our results suggest that by increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation levels, PGJ2 renders mature APP less prone to proteasomal degradation, thus shunting APP toward processing by α- and β-secretases.
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26
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Ip FCF, Ng YP, Or TCT, Sun P, Fu G, Li JYH, Ye WC, Cheung TH, Ip NY. Anemoside A3 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating T helper 17 cell response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182069. [PMID: 28759648 PMCID: PMC5536310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemoside A3 (AA3) is a natural triterpenoid glycoside isolated from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel. We previously showed that AA3 exhibits cognitive-enhancing and neuroprotective properties. In the present study, we demonstrated that AA3 modulates inflammatory responses by regulating prostaglandin E receptor 4 signaling. Because prostaglandin E receptor 4 is involved in the pathophysiology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), we assessed the beneficial effect of AA3 in EAE mice. AA3 treatment significantly reduced clinical severity and inflammatory infiltrates in the spinal cord of EAE mice. In vitro studies revealed that AA3 inhibited the T cell response toward the encephalitogenic epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). AA3 significantly downregulated the expressions of certain Th1 and Th17 cytokines in activated T cells re-stimulated by MOG. Moreover, AA3 inhibited the activation of STAT4 and STAT3, which are the transcription factors pivotal for Th1 and Th17 lineage differentiation, respectively, in activated T cells. Pharmacological analysis further suggested that AA3 reduced Th17 cell differentiation and expansion. In conclusion, AA3 exerts an immunomodulatory effect in EAE, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for MS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny C. F. Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Pong Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terry C. T. Or
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiran Sun
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guangmiao Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Y. H. Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tom H. Cheung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Y. Ip
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- HKUST–Jinan Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Martinović-Weigelt D, Mehinto AC, Ankley GT, Berninger JP, Collette TW, Davis JM, Denslow ND, Durhan EJ, Eid E, Ekman DR, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, LaLone CA, Teng Q, Villeneuve DL. Derivation and Evaluation of Putative Adverse Outcome Pathways for the Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors on Reproductive Processes in Female Fish. Toxicol Sci 2017; 156:344-361. [PMID: 28201806 PMCID: PMC11017233 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are ubiquitous in aquatic systems and have been detected in fish tissues. The exposure of fish to these pharmaceuticals is concerning because COX inhibitors disrupt the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), which modulate a variety of essential biological functions, including reproduction. In this study, we investigated the effects of well-characterized mammalian COX inhibitors on female fathead minnow reproductive health. Fish (n = 8) were exposed for 96 h to water containing indomethacin (IN; 100 µg/l), ibuprofen (IB; 200 µg/l) or celecoxib (CX; 20 µg/l), and evaluated for effects on liver metabolome and ovarian gene expression. Metabolomic profiles of IN, IB and CX were not significantly different from control or one another. Exposure to IB and CX resulted in differential expression of comparable numbers of genes (IB = 433, CX = 545). In contrast, 2558 genes were differentially expressed in IN-treated fish. Functional analyses (canonical pathway and gene set enrichment) indicated extensive effects of IN on PG synthesis pathway, oocyte meiosis, and several other processes consistent with physiological roles of PGs. Transcriptomic data were congruent with PG data; IN-reduced plasma PG F2α concentration, whereas IB and CX did not. Five putative AOPs were developed linking the assumed molecular initiating event of COX inhibition, with PG reduction and the adverse outcome of reproductive failure via reduction of: (1) ovulation, (2) reproductive behaviors mediated by exogenous or endogenous PGs, and (3) oocyte maturation in fish. These pathways were developed using, in part, empirical data from the present study and other publicly available data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvine C. Mehinto
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626
| | - Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Jason P. Berninger
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Timothy W. Collette
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - John M. Davis
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | | | - Elizabeth J. Durhan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Evan Eid
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Drew R. Ekman
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Mike D. Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Carlie A. LaLone
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
| | - Quincy Teng
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Ecosystems Research Division, Athens, GA, 30605
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, Duluth, MN, 55804
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Zhu D, Yang N, Liu YY, Zheng J, Ji C, Zuo PP. M2 Macrophage Transplantation Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Amyloid-β-Treated Rats Through Regulation of Microglial Polarization. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:483-95. [PMID: 27003214 DOI: 10.3233/jad-151090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly population. Neuroinflammation induced by amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation is considered to be the critical factor underlying AD pathological mechanisms. Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages/microglia have been reported to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we characterized the neuroprotective effects of M2 macrophage transplantation in AD model rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1 - 42 to rats was used to model AD and resulted in cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, and inflammatory changes in the brain microenvironment. We observed an increased interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5/IRF4 ratio, resulting in greater production of classically activated (M1) versus M2 microglia. M2 macrophage transplantation attenuated inflammation in the brain, reversed Aβ1 - 42-induced changes in the IRF4-IRF5 ratio, drove endogenous microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and ameliorated cognitive impairment. Nerve growth factor (NGF) treatment reduced the IRF5/IRF4 ratio and induced primary microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype in vitro; these effects were prevented by tyrosine Kinase Receptor A (TrkA) inhibition. M2 macrophage transplantation restored the balance of IRF4-IRF5 by affecting the expression of NGF and inflammatory cytokines in the brains of AD model rats. This drove microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype, promoted termination of neuroinflammation, and resulted in improved cognitive abilities.
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Pereira-Leite C, Nunes C, Jamal SK, Cuccovia IM, Reis S. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:802-859. [PMID: 28005273 DOI: 10.1002/med.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against inflammation, pain, and fever has been supporting their worldwide use in the treatment of painful conditions and chronic inflammatory diseases until today. However, the long-term therapy with NSAIDs was soon associated with high incidences of adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the search for novel drugs with improved safety has begun with COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) being straightaway developed and commercialized. Nevertheless, the excitement has fast turned to disappointment when diverse coxibs were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity. Such events have once again triggered the emergence of different strategies to overcome NSAIDs toxicity. Here, an integrative review is provided to address the breakthroughs of two main approaches: (i) the association of NSAIDs with protective mediators and (ii) the design of novel compounds to target downstream and/or multiple enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. To date, just one phosphatidylcholine-associated NSAID has already been approved for commercialization. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far indicate that both strategies may improve the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira-Leite
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah K Jamal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iolanda M Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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McCarberg BH, Cryer B. Evolving therapeutic strategies to improve nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug safety. Am J Ther 2016; 22:e167-78. [PMID: 25251373 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) possess potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties through inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), which are responsible for synthesis of proinflammatory mediators. NSAIDs are frequently used for treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions. However, their use is associated with serious dose-dependent gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and hepatic adverse effects, which pose a serious clinical concern for both patients and physicians. During the past 2 decades, approaches to improving the tolerability of NSAIDs were mainly directed toward discovery of COX-2 selective NSAIDs (coxibs), which were expected to minimize the risk of GI injury. Unfortunately, the results from multiple clinical studies have shown that treatment with coxibs may increase the risk for cardiovascular complications. This review summarizes current strategies used to reduce the toxicity of NSAIDs and outlines novel therapeutic approaches still in preclinical development. To minimize the risk of GI ulcerations and bleeding, combination therapies with gastroprotective agents are currently recommended. The new therapeutic agents anticipated to have similar effects include nitric oxide- and hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs. Novel manufacturing technologies enhance dissolution and absorption of NSAID products, allowing for their administration at low doses, which could lead to improved drug tolerability without diminishing the analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of NSAIDs. This principle is in line with the current recommendation by the US Food and Drug Administration that NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dosage. Finally, NSAID formulations targeted directly to the site of inflammation are expected to reduce systemic drug exposure and thus decrease the risk of systemic adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill H McCarberg
- 1School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA; 2The Elizabeth Hospice, Escondido, CA; 3Neighborhood Healthcare, Escondido, CA; 4UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; and 5Dallas VA Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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31
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Echeverria V, Yarkov A, Aliev G. Positive modulators of the α7 nicotinic receptor against neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:142-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Fiala M, Terrando N, Dalli J. Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators from Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Amyloid-β Phagocytosis and Regulate Inflammation in Patients with Minor Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 48:293-301. [PMID: 26401996 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review we discuss the immunopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and recent advances in the prevention of minor cognitive impairment (MCI) by nutritional supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. Defective phagocytosis of amyloid-β (Aβ) and abnormal inflammatory activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the two key immune pathologies of MCI and AD patients. The phagocytosis of Aβ by PBMCs of MCI and AD patients is universally defective and the inflammatory gene transcription is heterogeneously deregulated in comparison to normal subjects. Recent studies have discovered a cornucopia of beneficial anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects of the specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) resolvins, protectins, maresins, and their metabolic precursors. Resolvin D1 and other mediators switch macrophages from an inflammatory to a tissue protective/pro-resolving phenotype and increase phagocytosis of Aβ. In a recent study of AD and MCI patients, nutritional supplementation by omega-3 fatty acids individually increased resolvin D1, improved Aβ phagocytosis, and regulated inflammatory genes toward a physiological state, but only in MCI patients. Our studies are beginning to dissect positive factors (adherence to Mediterranean diet with omega-3 and exercise) and negative factors (high fat diet, infections, cancer, and surgeries) in each patient. The in vitro and in vivo effects of omega-3 fatty acids and SPMs suggest that defective phagocytosis and chronic inflammation are related to defective production and/or defective signaling by SPMs in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Niccolo Terrando
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Basic Science Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ozawa M, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Nakayama H. The Relation between canine cognitive dysfunction and age-related brain lesions. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:997-1006. [PMID: 26922972 PMCID: PMC4937160 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is a syndrome that manifests itself in abnormal behaviors, such as
disorientation and wandering. β-amyloid deposition in the brain, including the senile plaque (SP) and cerebral
amyloid angiopathy (CAA), has been suggested as a major cause of the syndrome. However, the pathological
significance of β-amyloid deposition in CCD dogs remains unclear. The present study was conducted using 16
dogs aged 10 years or older to clarify the relationship between the age-related histopathological lesions,
such as β-amyloid deposition, in the brain and the clinical symptoms of CCD as evaluated in a questionnaire
previously established in a large survey. In addition, age-related brain lesions were assessed in 37 dogs. The
pathological lesions were evaluated by the severity of β-amyloid deposition (SP and CAA), the amount of
ubiquitin-positive granules (UBQ), GFAP-positive astrocytes, Iba-1-positive microglia and Nissle
stain-positive nerve cells. The results revealed that there was no significant correlation between the
severities of canine SP and CCD. The SP increased until 14 years old, but decreased thereafter, although the
incidence of CCD is high at these ages. The CAA consistently increased with age, but did not correlate greatly
with the CCD score. In contrast, the increases of UBQ, astrocytes and microglia were significantly correlated
with CCD. Thus, the impairment in the synapse and/or myelin suggested by increased UBQ and glial activation
might be involved in CCD pathogenesis, but β-amyloid deposition, especially SP, is not a direct pathogenic
factor of CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ozawa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators Improve Neuronal Survival and Increase Aβ42 Phagocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2733-49. [PMID: 26650044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain is a prominent feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies suggest that chronic inflammation can be a consequence of failure to resolve the inflammation. Resolution of inflammation is mediated by a family of lipid mediators (LMs), and the levels of these specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are reduced in the hippocampus of those with AD. In the present study, we combined analysis of LMs in the entorhinal cortex (ENT) from AD patients with in vitro analysis of their direct effects on neurons and microglia. We probed ENT, an area affected early in AD pathogenesis, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS), and found that the levels of the SPMs maresin 1 (MaR1), protectin D1 (PD1), and resolvin (Rv) D5, were lower in ENT of AD patients as compared to age-matched controls, while levels of the pro-inflammatory prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) were higher in AD. In vitro studies showed that lipoxin A4 (LXA4), MaR1, resolvin D1 (RvD1), and protectin DX (PDX) exerted neuroprotective activity, and that MaR1 and RvD1 down-regulated β-amyloid (Aβ)42-induced inflammation in human microglia. MaR1 exerted a stimulatory effect on microglial uptake of Aβ42. Our findings give further evidence for a disturbance of the resolution pathway in AD, and indicate that stimulating this pathway is a promising treatment strategy for AD.
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35
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Shukuri M, Mawatari A, Ohno M, Suzuki M, Doi H, Watanabe Y, Onoe H. Detection of Cyclooxygenase-1 in Activated Microglia During Amyloid Plaque Progression: PET Studies in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. J Nucl Med 2015; 57:291-6. [PMID: 26585055 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyclooxygenase (COX), a prostanoid-synthesizing enzyme, is considered to be involved in the neuroinflammatory process of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of COX in the progression of neurodegeneration is not well understood. We hypothesized that in vivo imaging of COX by PET will contribute to elucidation of the function of COX during the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer's disease (AD). (11)C-labeled ketoprofen methyl ester (racemic (RS)-(11)C-KTP-Me) developed recently by our group is a useful PET probe for in vivo imaging of COX-1 during neuroinflammation. The (S)-enantiomer of ketoprofen is known to be pharmacologically more active than the (R)-enantiomer. We thus synthesized (11)C-labeled (S)-ketoprofen methyl ester ((S)-(11)C-KTP-Me) as an improved PET probe specific for COX-1 and applied it for investigation of the changes in COX-1 during the progression of AD in a mouse model. METHODS The specificity of (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me for COXs was examined in PET studies with rats that had intrastriatal injection of lipopolysaccharide. To determine the details of changes in COX-1 during progression of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation in amyloid precursor protein transgenic (APP-Tg) mice, we performed immunohistochemical studies and ex vivo autoradiography with (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me. RESULTS PET studies using hemispheric lipopolysaccharide injection into rats revealed that the sensitivity of (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me in neuroinflammation was much higher than that of (RS)-(11)C-KTP-Me and (R)-(11)C-KTP-Me; these results closely corresponded to the inhibitory activities of each enantiomer against COX-1 estimated by an in vitro assay. In APP-Tg mice, (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me administration resulted in progressive and significant increases in accumulation of radioactivity in the brain from 16 to 24 mo old in accordance with the histopathologic appearance of abundant Aβ plaques and activated microglia, whereas few changes in radioactivity accumulation and few Aβ plaques were seen in age-matched wild-type control mice. High-radioactivity accumulation by (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me was markedly observed in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in which COX-1-expressing activated microglia tightly surrounded and enclosed large and more intensely stained Aβ plaques, indicating neuroinflammation that originated with Aβ. CONCLUSION (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me is a potent PET probe that is highly selective for COX-1. Studies using APP-Tg mice demonstrated that (S)-(11)C-KTP-Me could detect activated microglia that are associated with amyloid plaque progression, suggesting the involvement of COX-1 in the neuroinflammatory process in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shukuri
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Aya Mawatari
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohno
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Suzuki
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Doi
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Watanabe
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Onoe
- Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Shadfar S, Hwang CJ, Lim MS, Choi DY, Hong JT. Involvement of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:2106-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Pogue AI, Dua P, Hill JM, Lukiw WJ. Progressive inflammatory pathology in the retina of aluminum-fed 5xFAD transgenic mice. J Inorg Biochem 2015. [PMID: 26213226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
At least 57 murine transgenic models for Alzheimer's disease (Tg-AD) have been developed to overexpress the 42 amino acid amyloid-beta (Aβ42) peptide in the central nervous system (CNS). These 'humanized murine Tg-AD models' have greatly expanded our understanding of the contribution of Aβ42 peptide-mediated pro-inflammatory neuropathology to the AD process. A number of independent laboratories using different amyloid-overexpressing Tg-AD models have shown that supplementation of murine Tg-AD diets and/or drinking water with aluminum significantly enhances Aβ42 peptide-mediated inflammatory pathology and AD-type cognitive change compared to animals receiving control diets. In humans AD-type pathology appears to originate in the limbic system and progressively spreads into primary processing and sensory regions such as the retina. In these studies, for the first time, we assess the propagation of Aβ42 and inflammatory signals into the retina of 5xFAD Tg-AD amyloid-overexpressing mice whose diets were supplemented with aluminum. The two most interesting findings were (1) that similar to other Tg-AD models, there was a significantly accelerated development of Aβ42 and inflammatory pathology in 5xFAD Tg-AD mice fed aluminum; and (2) in aluminum-supplemented animals, markers for inflammatory pathology appeared in both the brain and the retina as evidenced by an evolving presence of Aβ42 peptides, and accompanied by inflammatory markers - cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The results indicate that in the 5xFAD Tg-AD model aluminum not only enhances an Aβ42-mediated inflammatory degeneration of the brain but also appears to induce AD-type pathology in an anatomically-linked primary sensory area that involves vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Pogue
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8 CANADA
| | - P Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - J M Hill
- Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - W J Lukiw
- Alchem Biotech, Toronto ON M5S 1A8 CANADA; Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Activation of Hippocampal CREB by Rolipram Partially Recovers Balance Between TNF-α and IL-10 Levels and Improves Cognitive Deficits in Diabetic Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:1157-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Li X, Montine KS, Keene CD, Montine TJ. Different mechanisms of apolipoprotein E isoform-dependent modulation of prostaglandin E2 production and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression after innate immune activation of microglia. FASEB J 2015; 29:1754-62. [PMID: 25593125 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-262683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence support immune response in brain as a mechanism of injury in Alzheimer disease (AD). Moreover, immune activation is heightened in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers; inhibitors of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis show a partially protective effect on AD risk from APOE ε4; and genetic variants in triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) are a rare but potent risk for AD. We tested the hypothesis that APOE ε4 inheritance modulates both the PGE2 pathway and TREM2 expression using primary murine microglia from targeted replacement (TR) APOE3/3 and APOE4/4 mice. Microglial cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal PGE synthase, and PGE2 expression were increased 2- to 25-fold in both genotypes by TLR activators; however, this induction was significantly (P < 0.01) greater in TR APOE4/4 microglia with TLR3 and TLR4 activators. Microglial TREM2 expression was reduced approximately 85% by all TLR activators; this reduction was approximately one-third greater in microglia from TR APOE4/4 mice. Importantly, both receptor-associated protein and a nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer inhibitor blocked TR APOE4/4-dependent effects on the PGE2 pathway but not on TREM2 expression. These data demonstrate complementary, but mechanistically distinct, regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in TR APOE4/4 murine microglia that yields a more proinflammatory state than with TR APOE3/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwu Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen S Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Rockwell P, Schmidt-Glenewinkel T, Serrano P. Neuroinflammation and J2 prostaglandins: linking impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondria to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 25628533 PMCID: PMC4292445 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the CNS is a defense mechanism activated upon injury to initiate repair mechanisms while chronic over-activation of the CNS immune system (termed neuroinflammation) may exacerbate injury. The latter is implicated in a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, HIV dementia, and prion diseases. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into bioactive prostanoids, play a central role in the inflammatory cascade. J2 prostaglandins are endogenous toxic products of cyclooxygenases, and because their levels are significantly increased upon brain injury, they are actively involved in neuronal dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which J2 prostaglandins (1) exert their actions, (2) potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and to the spreading of neuropathology, (3) disturb the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondrial function, and (4) contribute to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and demyelination in Krabbe disease. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting the J2 prostaglandin pathway to prevent/delay neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation. In this context, we suggest a shift from the traditional view that cyclooxygenases are the most appropriate targets to treat neuroinflammation, to the notion that J2 prostaglandin pathways and other neurotoxic prostaglandins downstream from cyclooxygenases, would offer significant benefits as more effective therapeutic targets to treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases, while minimizing adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Schmidt-Glenewinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
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Jordan F, McGuinness B, Murphy K, Passmore P, Kelly JP, Devane D. Aspirin and anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of dementia. Hippokratia 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Jordan
- National University of Ireland Galway; School of Nursing and Midwifery; Arus Moyola Newcastle Road Galway Ireland
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust; Department of Geriatric Medicine; Lisburn Road Belfast Co Antrim UK
| | - Kathy Murphy
- National University of Ireland Galway; School of Nursing and Midwifery; Arus Moyola Newcastle Road Galway Ireland
| | - Peter Passmore
- Queen's University Belfast; Centre for Public Health; Block B, ICSB, Grosvenor Road Belfast Northern Ireland UK BT12
| | - John P Kelly
- NUI Galway; Pharmacology and Therapeutics; University Road Galway Ireland
| | - Declan Devane
- National University of Ireland Galway; School of Nursing and Midwifery; Arus Moyola Newcastle Road Galway Ireland
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Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Alzheimer's disease and chronic periodontitis: is there an association? Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 15:391-404. [PMID: 25511390 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, an affliction of old age, is one of the leading causes for dementia worldwide. Various risk factors including family history, genetics and infections have been implicated in its pathogenesis. The cognitive decline in this condition is mainly a result of the formation of amyloid deposits that provoke neuroinflammation, ultimately resulting in cell death. Recently, an association between peripheral inflammation and Alzheimer's disease was hypothesized. It was suggested that chronic systemic inflammation worsened the inflammatory processes in the brain. This was mainly attributed to increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1, interleukin -6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the plasma. As chronic periodontitis is a widespread peripheral immunoinflammatory condition, it has been proposed to play a significant role in the aggravation of Alzheimer's disease. With this background, the current review focuses on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and chronic periodontitis, and its therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gaur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Hill JM, Dua P, Clement C, Lukiw WJ. An evaluation of progressive amyloidogenic and pro-inflammatory change in the primary visual cortex and retina in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Front Neurosci 2014; 8:347. [PMID: 25429256 PMCID: PMC4228830 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James M Hill
- Louisiana State University Neuroscience Center and Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Prerna Dua
- Department of Health Information Management, Louisiana State University Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Christian Clement
- Department of Natural Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Experimental Therapeutics and Human Toxicology Lab, Southern University at New Orleans New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Walter J Lukiw
- Louisiana State University Neuroscience Center and Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA ; Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center New Orleans, LA, USA
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Fiedler A, Grecksch G, Reinhold A, Schraven B, Becker A. Hippocampus-dependent learning in SKAP-HOM deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nava-Mesa MO, Jiménez-Díaz L, Yajeya J, Navarro-Lopez JD. GABAergic neurotransmission and new strategies of neuromodulation to compensate synaptic dysfunction in early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:167. [PMID: 24987334 PMCID: PMC4070063 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, brain atrophy due to neuronal and synapse loss, and formation of two pathological lesions: extracellular amyloid plaques, composed largely of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Lesions mainly accumulate in brain regions that modulate cognitive functions such as the hippocampus, septum or amygdala. These brain structures have dense reciprocal glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic connections and their relationships directly affect learning and memory processes, so they have been proposed as highly susceptible regions to suffer damage by Aβ during AD course. Last findings support the emerging concept that soluble Aβ peptides, inducing an initial stage of synaptic dysfunction which probably starts 20–30 years before the clinical onset of AD, can perturb the excitatory–inhibitory balance of neural circuitries. In turn, neurotransmission imbalance will result in altered network activity that might be responsible of cognitive deficits in AD. Therefore, Aβ interactions on neurotransmission systems in memory-related brain regions such as amygdaloid complex, medial septum or hippocampus are critical in cognitive functions and appear as a pivotal target for drug design to improve learning and dysfunctions that manifest with age. Since treatments based on glutamatergic and cholinergic pharmacology in AD have shown limited success, therapies combining modulators of different neurotransmission systems including recent findings regarding the GABAergic system, emerge as a more useful tool for the treatment, and overall prevention, of this dementia. In this review, focused on inhibitory systems, we will analyze pharmacological strategies to compensate neurotransmission imbalance that might be considered as potential therapeutic interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Yajeya
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan D Navarro-Lopez
- Neurophysiology and Behavior Lab, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha Ciudad Real, Spain
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