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Lin Q, Tu X, Li X, Gou F, Ding L, Lu Z, Feng J, Ying Y, Hu C. Effects of electrolyte balance on intestinal barrier, amino acid metabolism, and mTORC1 signaling pathway in piglets fed low-protein diets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:408-417. [PMID: 38812495 PMCID: PMC11134538 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A proper dietary electrolyte balance (dEB) is essential to ensure optimal growth performance of piglets. In the low-protein diet, this balance may be affected by the reduction of soybean meal and the inclusion of high levels of synthetic amino acids. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the optimal dEB of low-protein diets and its impact on the growth performance of piglets. A total of 108 piglets (initial age of 35 d) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates of 6 pigs each as follows: low electrolyte diet (LE group; dEB = 150 milliequivalents [mEq]/kg); medium electrolyte diet (ME group; dEB = 250 mEq/kg); high electrolyte diet (HE group; dEB = 350 mEq/kg). Results indicated that the LE and HE diet significantly decreased the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and crude protein digestibility (P < 0.05) in piglets. Meanwhile, LE diets disrupted the structural integrity of the piglets' intestines and decreased jejunal tight junction protein (occludin and claudin-1) expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, the pH and HCO3- in the arterial blood of piglets in the LE group were lower than those in the ME and HE groups (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the LE diet significantly increased lysine content in piglet serum (P < 0.05), decreased the levels of arginine, leucine, glutamic acid, and alanine (P < 0.05), and inhibited the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway by decreasing the phosphorylation abundance of key proteins. In summary, the dietary electrolyte imbalance could inhibit the activation of the mTORC1 signaling pathway, which might be a key factor in the influence of the dEB on piglet growth performance and intestinal health. Moreover, second-order polynomial (quadratic) regression analysis showed that the optimal dEB of piglets in the low-protein diet was 250 to 265 mEq/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lin
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaodian Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feiyang Gou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Ding
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Zeqing Lu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongfei Ying
- Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion and Breeding Livestock and Poultry Monitoring Station of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Yu H, Chen S. Association between anion gap and the 30-day mortality of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a study of the MIMIC-III database. J Thorac Dis 2024; 16:2994-3006. [PMID: 38883665 PMCID: PMC11170422 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-23-1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Serum anion gap (AG) can potentially be applied to the diagnosis of various metabolic acidosis, and a recent study has reported the association of AG with the mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the relationship of AG with the short-term mortality of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is still unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between AG and the 30-day mortality of VAP patients, and construct and assess a multivariate predictive model for the 30-day mortality risk of VAP. Methods This retrospective cohort study extracted data of 477 patients with VAP from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database. Data of patients were divided into a training set and a testing set with a ratio of 7:3. In the training set, variables significantly associated with the 30-day mortality of VAP patients were included in the multivariate predictive model through univariate Cox regression and stepwise regression analyses. Then, the predictive performance of the multivariate predictive model was assessed in both training set and testing set, and compared with the single AG and other scoring systems including the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, the confusion, urea, respiratory rate (RR), blood pressure, and age (≥65 years old) (CURB-65) score, and the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), altered mental status, pulse, and age (>65 years old) (BAP-65) score. In addition, the association of AG with the 30-day mortality of VAP patients was explored in subgroups of gender, age, and infection status. The evaluation indexes were hazard ratios (HRs), C-index, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 70 patients died within 30 days. The multivariate predictive model consisted of AG (HR =1.052, 95% CI: 1.008-1.098), age (HR =1.037, 95% CI: 1.019-1.055), duration of mechanical ventilation (HR =0.998, 95% CI: 0.996-0.999), and vasopressors use (HR =1.795, 95% CI: 1.066-3.023). In both training set (C-index =0.725, 95% CI: 0.670-0.780) and testing set (C-index =0.717, 95% CI: 0.637-0.797), the multivariate model had a relatively superior predictive performance to the single AG value. Moreover, the association of AG with the 30-day mortality was also found in patients who were male (HR =1.088, 95% CI: 1.029-1.150), and whatever the pathogens they infected (bacterial infection: HR =1.059, 95% CI: 1.011-1.109; fungal infection: HR =1.057, 95% CI: 1.002-1.115). Conclusions The AG-related multivariate model had a potential predictive value for the 30-day mortality of patients with VAP. These findings may provide some references for further exploration on simple and robust predictors of the short-term mortality risk of VAP, which may further help clinicians to identify patients with high risk of mortality in an early stage in the intensive care units (ICUs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, The Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China
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Moedas MF, Simões RJM, Silva MFB. Mitochondrial targets in hyperammonemia: Addressing urea cycle function to improve drug therapies. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116034. [PMID: 38307136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The urea cycle (UC) is a critically important metabolic process for the disposal of nitrogen (ammonia) produced by amino acids catabolism. The impairment of this liver-specific pathway induced either by primary genetic defects or by secondary causes, namely those associated with hepatic disease or drug administration, may result in serious clinical consequences. Urea cycle disorders (UCD) and certain organic acidurias are the major groups of inherited rare diseases manifested with hyperammonemia (HA) with UC dysregulation. Importantly, several commonly prescribed drugs, including antiepileptics in monotherapy or polytherapy from carbamazepine to valproic acid or specific antineoplastic agents such as asparaginase or 5-fluorouracil may be associated with HA by mechanisms not fully elucidated. HA, disclosing an imbalance between ammoniagenesis and ammonia disposal via the UC, can evolve to encephalopathy which may lead to significant morbidity and central nervous system damage. This review will focus on biochemical mechanisms related with HA emphasizing some poorly understood perspectives behind the disruption of the UC and mitochondrial energy metabolism, namely: i) changes in acetyl-CoA or NAD+ levels in subcellular compartments; ii) post-translational modifications of key UC-related enzymes, namely acetylation, potentially affecting their catalytic activity; iii) the mitochondrial sirtuins-mediated role in ureagenesis. Moreover, the main UCD associated with HA will be summarized to highlight the relevance of investigating possible genetic mutations to account for unexpected HA during certain pharmacological therapies. The ammonia-induced effects should be avoided or overcome as part of safer therapeutic strategies to protect patients under treatment with drugs that may be potentially associated with HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco F Moedas
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo J M Simões
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida F B Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines-iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Fu Q, Yang X, Wang M, Zhu K, Wang Y, Song J. Activatable Probes for Ratiometric Imaging of Endogenous Biomarkers In Vivo. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3916-3968. [PMID: 38258800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic variations in the concentration and abnormal distribution of endogenous biomarkers are strongly associated with multiple physiological and pathological states. Therefore, it is crucial to design imaging systems capable of real-time detection of dynamic changes in biomarkers for the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of diseases. Recently, ratiometric imaging has emerged as a widely used technique for sensing and imaging of biomarkers due to its advantage of circumventing the limitations inherent to conventional intensity-dependent signal readout methods while also providing built-in self-calibration for signal correction. Here, the recent progress of ratiometric probes and their applications in sensing and imaging of biomarkers are outlined. Ratiometric probes are classified according to their imaging mechanisms, and ratiometric photoacoustic imaging, ratiometric optical imaging including photoluminescence imaging and self-luminescence imaging, ratiometric magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-modal ratiometric imaging are discussed. The applications of ratiometric probes in the sensing and imaging of biomarkers such as pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), glutathione (GSH), gas molecules, enzymes, metal ions, and hypoxia are discussed in detail. Additionally, this Review presents an overview of challenges faced in this field along with future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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Lin F, Zhang M, Wang R, Sun M, Zhang Z, Qiao Y, Zhang Z. Association between Dietary Acid Load and Hypertension in Chinese Adults: Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009). Nutrients 2023; 15:4664. [PMID: 37960317 PMCID: PMC10647800 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Current studies show conflicting results regarding the relationship between dietary acid load (DAL) and blood pressure. (2) Methods: The study used data from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 2009. DAL was assessed on the basis of potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). To examine the link between DAL and the risk of hypertension, a multivariate logistic regression model was utilized. (3) Results: A total of 7912 subjects were enrolled in the study, of whom 2133 participants had hypertension, a prevalence of 27.0%. After accounting for potential covariates, higher PRAL and NEAP scores were associated with a greater likelihood of developing hypertension, with ORs of 1.34 (95% CI, 1.10-1.62) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.09-1.53) for PRAL and NEAP scores in Q4, respectively, compared with Q1. In the male group, PRAL and NEAP scores were positively linked to hypertension risk, with ORs of 1.33 (95% CI, 1.06-1.67) and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.14-1.85) for PRAL and NEAP scores in Q4, respectively, compared with Q1, while no significant associations were observed in the female group. Correlations between PRAL scores and hypertension risk lacked significance in the subgroup analyses for participants aged <60 years. There was a significant nonlinear connection observed in the dose-response relationship between DAL (based on PRAL) and hypertension; (4) Conclusions: In Chinese adults, higher PRAL and NEAP scores were positively linked to hypertension risk. This implies that a diet with a low DAL may be a favorable dietary pattern for lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China;
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China; (M.Z.); (R.W.); (M.S.); (Z.Z.)
- Beijing’s Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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Lan Y, Zheng YK, Wu LY, Zhou ZJ, Guan RX, Xu H, Tu JY, Gu X, Wang R, Jiang N, Wu Y, Shu CR, Zhou ZS. Polygonum Cuspidatum Alcohol Extract Exerts Analgesic Effects via the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:3151-3167. [PMID: 37876500 PMCID: PMC10591627 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s420002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine Polygonum cuspidatum (PC) has significant effects on reducing pain. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effects of the alcohol extract of PC on three types of inflammatory pain and explored its mechanism. Methods Potential targets for the analgesic effects of the main active components of PC alcohol extract were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Three different inflammatory pain mouse models (acetic acid twisting, formalin foot swelling, and xylene ear swelling) were used to study the analgesic effects of PC. The expression of latent signaling pathways in L4-6 spinal cord tissues in formalin foot swelling mice was evaluated using real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses. Results Network pharmacology analysis shows that PC analgesic mechanism is related to the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. The five main active components of PC have good docking ability with JNK and p38. PC alcohol extract significantly reduced the pain behavior and alleviated inflammatory reactions in three mouse models, inhibited the mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of JNK, ERK, p38, and CREB in spinal cord tissues. Conclusion PC alcohol extract can inhibit inflammation and alleviate pain, which is related to its inhibition of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord. Thus, PC alcohol extract is a promising candidate for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kun Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Yi Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Xin Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ren Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Pawliński B, Petrajtis-Gołobów M, Trela M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O. Acid-Base, Gas, Ions, and Glucose Analysis in Follicular Fluid in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows Is Associated with the Follicle Size in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101636. [PMID: 37238067 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of fertilization and early pregnancy loss is seen in the quality and maturation of the oocytes. The environment of the first divisions and maturation of the oogonia, which is also a reflection of the quality of the oocyte, is the follicular fluid (FF). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the variations in parameters such as pH, pCO2, pO2, standard HCO3-, actual HCO3-, base excess (BE), base excess of extracellular fluid (BE ecf), ctCO2, ions: Na+, K+, actual ionized calcium Ca2+, adjusted ionized calcium (at pH 7.4) Ca2+ (7.4), Cl-, anion gap (AnGap), and glucose in FF collected from different size follicles in dairy cattle. The most apparent differences were related to pH, K+, and Ca2+ 7.4 concentration in comparison to changes in follicle size (p < 0.05). Several trends were also evaluated as an increase in follicular size was followed by an increase in pH, BE, and Ca2+ 7.4 value and a decrease in the K+ concentration (p < 0.05). In conclusion, there are changes in FF formularies associated with the size of follicles. However, more research is necessary to establish the reference value, which then could be one of the factors describing the quality of the follicle and the developmental potential of the associated oocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pawliński
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, WULS-SGGW (Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Petrajtis-Gołobów
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, WULS-SGGW (Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Trela
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, WULS-SGGW (Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, WULS-SGGW (Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego), Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
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Seira Curto J, Fernandez MR, Cladera J, Benseny-Cases N, Sanchez de Groot N. Aβ40 Aggregation under Changeable Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098408. [PMID: 37176115 PMCID: PMC10179685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis is crucial for cell function, and disturbances in homeostasis can lead to health disorders. Under normal conditions, intracellular pH is maintained between 7.35 and 7.45. Altered endosomal and lysosomal pH together with a general drop in brain pH are associated with the aggregation of amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) and the development of Alzheimer's disease. Under acidic conditions, close to the Aβ isoelectric point, the absence of charges favors the formation of intermolecular contacts and promotes aggregation. Here, we analyzed how pH levels affect the aggregation of Aβ40 considering the variations in brain pH and the coexistence of different aggregated conformations. Our results suggest that different macromolecular conformations can interact with each other and influence the aggregation process. In addition, we showed that neutral pH and physiological salt concentrations favor a slow aggregation, resulting in ordered, stable fibrils, with low cytotoxic effects. Overall, we highlight the complexity of the aggregation processes occurring in different physiological and pathological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jofre Seira Curto
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosario Fernandez
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cladera
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Unitat de Biofísica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Centre d'Estudis en Biofísica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Sanchez de Groot
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang M, Ye C, Wang R, Zhang Z, Huang X, Halimulati M, Sun M, Ma Y, Zhang Z. Association between Dietary Acid Load and Hyperuricemia in Chinese Adults: Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2009). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081806. [PMID: 37111025 PMCID: PMC10144330 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the association between dietary acid load (DAL) and hyperuricemia in Chinese adults. METHODS The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009 was used in this cross-sectional study. Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) were applied to estimate DAL. A multiple logistic regression model was used to test the relationship between DAL and hyperuricemia risk. RESULTS A total of 7947 participants were included in this study, of whom 1172 had hyperuricemia. The PRAL score was positively related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia, even when potential covariates were taken into account. In comparison with Q1, the ORs were 1.12 (95% CI, 0.92-1.38), 1.20 (95% CI, 0.97-1.47) and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.16-1.75) in Q2, Q3 and Q4. However, there was no significant relationship between NEAP scores and hyperuricemia. Every 10 g increase in energy-adjusted fat, protein and animal protein intakes caused a 10%, 17% and 18% increase in hyperuricemia risk, respectively (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16; OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.11-1.25; OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12-1.24, respectively). An obvious linear correlation was also suggested by the restricted cubic spline. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia risk was associated with higher PRAL among Chinese adults. This means that a diet low in PRAL scores could be a very valuable uric acid-lowering dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Ye
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mairepaiti Halimulati
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing's Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Fluorinated benzimidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, molecular docking studies and inhibitory properties against some metabolic enzymes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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11
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Dai XJ, Xue LP, Ji SK, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zheng YC, Liu HM, Liu HM. Triazole-fused pyrimidines in target-based anticancer drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115101. [PMID: 36724635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the development of targeted drugs has featured prominently in the treatment of cancer, which is among the major causes of mortality globally. Triazole-fused pyrimidines, a widely-used class of heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, have attracted considerable interest as potential anticancer agents that target various cancer-associated targets in recent years, demonstrating them as valuable templates for discovering novel anticancer candidates. The current review concentrates on the latest advancements of triazole-pyrimidines as target-based anticancer agents, including works published between 2007 and the present (2007-2022). The structure-activity relationships (SARs) and multiple pathways are also reviewed to shed light on the development of more effective and biotargeted anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei-Peng Xue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi-Chao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China
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12
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Pratscher SD, Sibille KT, Fillingim RB. Conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention in adults with chronic low back pain: protocol for a randomized controlled pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 36694217 PMCID: PMC9872326 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a major source of human suffering, and chronic low back pain (cLBP) is among the most prevalent, costly, and disabling of pain conditions. Due to the significant personal and societal burden and the complex and recurring nature of cLBP, self-management approaches that can be practiced at home are highly relevant to develop and test. The respiratory system is one of the most integrated systems of the body, and breathing is bidirectionally related with stress, emotion, and pain. Thus, the widespread physiological and psychological impact of breathing practices and breathwork interventions hold substantial promise as possible self-management strategies for chronic pain. The primary aim of the current randomized pilot study is to test the feasibility and acceptability of a conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention compared to a sham control condition. METHODS The rationale and procedures for testing a 5-day conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention, compared to a deep breathing sham control intervention, in 24 adults (18-65 years) with cLBP is described. Both interventions will be delivered using standardized audio recordings and practiced over 5 days (two times in-person and three times at-home), and both are described as Breathing and Attention Training to reduce possible expectancy and placebo effects common in pain research. The primary outcomes for this study are feasibility and acceptability. Feasibility will be evaluated by determining rates of participant recruitment, adherence, retention, and study assessment completion, and acceptability will be evaluated by assessing participants' satisfaction and helpfulness of the intervention. We will also measure other clinical pain, psychological, behavioral, and physiological variables that are planned to be included in a follow-up randomized controlled trial. DISCUSSION This will be the first study to examine the effects of a conscious connected breathing with breath retention intervention for individuals with chronic pain. The successful completion of this smaller-scale pilot study will provide data regarding the feasibility and acceptability to conduct a subsequent trial testing the efficacy of this breathing self-management practice for adults with cLBP. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04740710 . Registered on 5 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Pratscher
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kimberly T Sibille
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roger B Fillingim
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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13
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Malapela RG, Thupayagale‐Tshweneagae G, Baratedi WM. Use of home remedies for the treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease: An integrative review. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e900. [PMID: 36519078 PMCID: PMC9742825 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Home remedies are understood to mean medications or tonics prepared at home to treat certain ailments without any prescription or professional supervision. Reliance on home remedies increased during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this integrative review was to identify home remedies used to treat and prevent COVID-19 and discuss implications for nursing practice and health related to the safety and efficacy of home remedies. Methods Cooper's integrative review method guided this study to identify home remedies used to prevent and treat COVID-19. Google Scholar, BMC, EBSCOhost, Medline, Academic Search Ultimate, Web of Science Core Collections, Science Direct and Global Health were used to search for relevant information on the use of COVID-19 home remedies from 2019 to 2022. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist was used to select studies that had to be included. The eligibility criteria included studies on home remedies, written in English from 2019 to 2022. Findings of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research were extracted, and narrative thematic data synthesis was applied. Results Eleven articles which met the inclusion criteria were found in nine countries: Ghana (1), South Africa (1), Tanzania (1), Togo (1) and Zimbabwe (1), Bangladesh (1), Hong Kong (1), India (2), Iran (1), and Pakistan (1). Findings showed that home remedies are used for the prevention of COVID-19 infection, treatment of COVID-19, and boosting immunity. Conclusions Home remedies have been found to be more pronounced across all sectors and social strata. More research is needed on the use of home remedies for life-threatening outbreaks. Policymakers and healthcare workers are challenged to encourage the use of home remedies in the prevention of other ailments and epidemics that might occur in the future.
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14
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Kitala D, Łabuś W, Kozielski J, Strzelec P, Nowak M, Knefel G, Dyjas P, Materniak K, Kosmala J, Pająk J, Czop J, Janda-Kalus B, Marona B, Nowak-Wróżyna A, Gierek M, Szczegielniak J, Kucharzewski M. Preliminary Research on the Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010308. [PMID: 36615108 PMCID: PMC9821575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative consequences and medical complications of COVID-19 can persist for up to several months after initial recovery. These consequences can include stroke, diabetes, decreased lung diffusing capacity, sleep apnea, pulmonary fibrosis, arrhythmia, myocarditis, fatigue, headaches, muscle aches, heart rate fluctuations, sleep problems, memory problems, nervousness, anxiety, and other neurological disorders. Thirty-one patients who reported symptoms related to previous COVID-19 disease of both sexes were enrolled in the initial program. The patients underwent compression sessions in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber. Each patient underwent a cycle of 15 compressions. Before the first session, each participant completed a venous blood gas test, a Fullerton test, and two spirometry tests (one before the Fullerton test and one after the test). Patients completed psychotechnical tests, a questionnaire on quality of life (Polish version of EQ-5D-5L), and a questionnaire on specific symptoms accompanying the disease and post-infection symptoms. The results showed significant improvements in areas such as quality of life, endurance and strength, some spirometric parameters, the anion gap and lactate levels, working memory, and attention in the group of treated patients. In contrast, there were no changes in pH, pO2, pCO2, glucose, and excess alkaline values. A follow-up interview confirmed that the beneficial effects were maintained over time. Considering the results obtained, including the apparent improvement in the patient's clinical condition, it can be concluded that the use of 15 compression sessions was temporarily associated with a noticeable improvement in health and performance parameters as well as improvement in certain blood gas parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kitala
- Medical Research Agency, Stanisława Moniuszki 1a St., 00-014 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Łabuś
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-696-082-038; Fax: +48-32-735-75-44
| | - Jerzy Kozielski
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Przemysław Strzelec
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Mariusz Nowak
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Knefel
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Piotr Dyjas
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Materniak
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kosmala
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Jolanta Pająk
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Jolanta Czop
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Barbara Janda-Kalus
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Barbara Marona
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Anna Nowak-Wróżyna
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Marcin Gierek
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
| | - Jan Szczegielniak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
| | - Marek Kucharzewski
- Dr Stanisław Sakiel Center for Burns Treatment, Jana Pawła II 2, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland
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15
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Arakelyan M, Spagnuolo G, Iaculli F, Dikopova N, Antoshin A, Timashev P, Turkina A. Minimization of Adverse Effects Associated with Dental Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7476. [PMID: 36363067 PMCID: PMC9658402 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal alloys are one of the most popular materials used in current dental practice. In the oral cavity, metal structures are exposed to various mechanical and chemical factors. Consequently, metal ions are released into the oral fluid, which may negatively affect the surrounding tissues and even internal organs. Adverse effects associated with metallic oral appliances may have various local and systemic manifestations, such as mouth burning, potentially malignant oral lesions, and local or systemic hypersensitivity. However, clear diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines for adverse effects associated with dental alloys have not been developed yet. The present comprehensive literature review aims (1) to summarize the current information related to possible side effects of metallic oral appliances; (2) to analyze the risk factors aggravating the negative effects of dental alloys; and (3) to develop recommendations for diagnosis, management, and prevention of pathological conditions associated with metallic oral appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Arakelyan
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flavia Iaculli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Natalya Dikopova
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Antoshin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Turkina
- Therapeutic Dentistry Department, Institute for Dentistry, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Lu Q, Wang YY, Chen HM, Wang QH, Yang XY, Zou LP. A rise in saliva and urine pH in children with SCN1A-related epilepsy: An exploratory prospective controlled study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:982050. [PMID: 36237607 PMCID: PMC9552845 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.982050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective SCN1A, encoding the alpha 1 subunit of the sodium channel, is associated with a range of related epilepsy. This study aims to assess saliva and urine pH in children with SCN1A-related epilepsy. Methods A prospective controlled observational study with a 1:1 ratio was conducted on seven patients with SCN1A-related epilepsy and seven healthy children of the same family, gender, and age but without a history of seizures. The pH of saliva and urine was measured by pH test paper. Parents of patients with epilepsy recorded seizures to compare the relationship between pH and seizures. Results The fourteen participants were all males, aged 1 to 14 years. Seven patients had different pathogenic SCN1A variants. The pH of saliva and urine was monitored for 21–95 days. The pH of saliva and urine was higher in patients with SCN1A-related epilepsy than in the healthy group. The urine pH in Dravet syndrome patients was high compared with other epilepsy patients. The urine pH in patients with seizures was higher than that in patients without seizures, which occurred during the study. Conclusions The pH of saliva and urine was chronically high in patients with SCN1A-related epilepsy, and urine pH was higher in patients with seizures and with Dravet syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Min Chen
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Center for Brain Disorders Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Ping Zou
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17
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Radi R. Interplay of carbon dioxide and peroxide metabolism in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102358. [PMID: 35961463 PMCID: PMC9485056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon dioxide/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3-) molecular pair is ubiquitous in mammalian cells and tissues, mainly as a result of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that occur during intermediary metabolism. CO2 is in rapid equilibrium with HCO3-via the hydration reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases. Far from being an inert compound in redox biology, CO2 enhances or redirects the reactivity of peroxides, modulating the velocity, extent, and type of one- and two-electron oxidation reactions mediated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH). Herein, we review the biochemical mechanisms by which CO2 engages in peroxide-dependent reactions, free radical production, redox signaling, and oxidative damage. First, we cover the metabolic formation of CO2 and its connection to peroxide formation and decomposition. Next, the reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and processes by which the CO2/peroxide interplay modulates mammalian cell redox biology are scrutinized in-depth. Importantly, CO2 also regulates gene expression related to redox and nitric oxide metabolism and as such influences oxidative and inflammatory processes. Accumulated biochemical evidence in vitro, in cellula, and in vivo unambiguously show that the CO2 and peroxide metabolic pathways are intertwined and together participate in key redox events in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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18
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Liu Y, Xie YZ, Shi YH, Yang L, Chen XY, Wang LW, Qu JM, Weng D, Wang XJ, Liu HP, Ge BX, Xu JF. Airway acidification impaired host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by promoting type 1 interferon β response. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2132-2146. [PMID: 35930458 PMCID: PMC9487950 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Airway microenvironment played an important role in the progression of chronic respiratory disease. Here we showed that standardized pondus hydrogenii (pH) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of bronchiectasis patients was significantly lower than that of controls and was significantly correlated with bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) scores and disease prognosis. EBC pH was lower in severe patients than that in mild and moderate patients. Besides, acidic microenvironment deteriorated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pulmonary infection in mice models. Mechanistically, acidic microenvironment increased P. aeruginosa outer membrane vesicles (PA_OMVs) released and boosted it induced the activation of interferon regulatory factor3 (IRF3)-interferonβ (IFN-β) signalling pathway, ultimately compromised the anti-bacteria immunity. Targeted knockout of IRF3 or type 1 interferon receptor (IFNAR1) alleviated lung damage and lethality of mice after P. aeruginosa infection that aggravated by acidic microenvironment. Together, these findings identified airway acidification impaired host resistance to P. aeruginosa infection by enhancing it induced the activation of IRF3-IFN-β signalling pathway. Standardized EBC pH may be a useful biomarker of disease severity and a potential therapeutic target for the refractory P. aeruginosa infection. The study also provided one more reference parameter for drug selection and new drug discovery for bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi-Han Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospitial of Fujian Medical University, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Ling-Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dong Weng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Hai-Peng Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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19
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Liu Q, Ruan H, Sheng Z, Sun X, Li S, Cui W, Li C. Nanoantidote for repression of acidosis pH promoting COVID‐19 infection. VIEW 2022; 3:20220004. [PMID: 35937939 PMCID: PMC9347551 DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acidosis, such as respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, can be induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infection and is associated with increased mortality in critically ill COVID‐19 patients. It remains unclear whether acidosis further promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in patients, making virus removal difficult. For antacid therapy, sodium bicarbonate poses great risks caused by sodium overload, bicarbonate side effects, and hypocalcemia. Therefore, new antacid antidote is urgently needed. Our study showed that an acidosis‐related pH of 6.8 increases SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression on the cell membrane by regulating intracellular microfilament polymerization, promoting SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus infection. Based on this, we synthesized polyglutamic acid‐PEG materials, used complexation of calcium ions and carboxyl groups to form the core, and adopted biomineralization methods to form a calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3‐NPs) nanoantidote to neutralize excess hydrogen ions (H+), and restored the pH from 6.8 to approximately 7.4 (normal blood pH). CaCO3‐NPs effectively prevented the heightened SARS‐CoV‐2 infection efficiency due to pH 6.8. Our study reveals that acidosis‐related pH promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop in which SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced acidosis enhances SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Therefore, antacid therapy for acidosis COVID‐19 patients is necessary. CaCO3‐NPs may become an effective antacid nanoantidote superior to sodium bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education Orthopedic Department, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huitong Ruan
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Sheng
- Department of Anesthesiology Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Xiaoru Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Siguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education Orthopedic Department, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai P. R. China
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20
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Feng Q, Xia W, Dai G, Lv J, Yang J, Liu D, Zhang G. The Aging Features of Thyrotoxicosis Mice: Malnutrition, Immunosenescence and Lipotoxicity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:864929. [PMID: 35720307 PMCID: PMC9201349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.864929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The problem of aging is mainly the increase of age-related diseases, and elderly patients have longer hospitalization and worse prognosis. Poorer nutritional status and immunosenescence may be predisposing and severe factors. The mechanism of the high incidence of diseases and poor prognosis behind aging is complex. Finding suitable aging models is of great significance to find strategies to prevent aging related events. In this study, the relationship between thyrotoxicosis and aging was investigated in mice. The results of routine blood tests and flow cytometry showed that immunosenescence occurred in thyrotoxicosis mice, which was characterized by a significant decrease in neutrophils, lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+IFN-γ+ lymphocytes. Biochemical examination results showed that there were hypocholesterolemia, hypolipoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia in thyrotoxicosis mice. Serum proteomics analysis showed that the downregulation of complement and coagulation proteins was another manifestation of declined immunity. Moreover, proteomics analysis showed that many downregulated proteins were related to homeostasis, mainly transport proteins. Their downregulation led to the disturbance of osmotic pressure, ion homeostasis, vitamin utilization, lipid transport, hyaluronic acid processing, and pH maintenance. Serum metabolomics analysis provided more detailed evidence of homeostasis disturbance, especially lipid metabolism disorder, including the downregulation of cholesterol, vitamin D, bile acids, docosanoids, and the upregulation of glucocorticoids, triglycerides, sphingolipids, and free fatty acids. The upregulated lipid metabolites were related to lipotoxicity, which might be one cause of immunosenescence and many aging related syndromes. This study provides evidence for the aging model of thyrotoxicosis mice, which can be used for exploring anti-aging drugs and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guoxin Dai
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Pharmacological Research, State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, China
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21
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Wang H, Liang R, Liang T, Chen S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen C. Effectiveness of Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion on Mortality in Critically Ill Children With Metabolic Acidosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:759247. [PMID: 35370669 PMCID: PMC8970597 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.759247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Metabolic acidosis often occurs in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Although sodium bicarbonate (SB) has been widely used in paediatrics, data on the effect of SB on children with metabolic acidosis in the PICU are scarce. Methods: Patients with metabolic acidosis who were treated with SB within 48 h of PICU admission were screened. Multivariate logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and propensity score matching (PSM) were used to investigate the relationships between SB infusion and clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 1,595 patients with metabolic acidosis were enrolled in this study. In the multivariate logistic regression model, SB infusion was not correlated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–1.63, p = 0.668), but was significantly correlated with hypernatraemia (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.14–3.46, p = 0.016), hypokalaemia (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.36–2.96, p < 0.001), and hypocalcaemia (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.92–6.31, p < 0.001). In the pH value, lactate level, acute kidney injury level, age grouping, and anion gap level subgroups, the ORs for SB and in-hospital mortality were not statistically significant. After PSM, the results remained unchanged. Conclusion: SB infusion does not reduce the in-hospital mortality of severely ill children with metabolic acidosis and increases the risk of hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, and hypocalcaemia. More effort should be focused on eliminating the causes of metabolic acidosis rather than SB infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huabin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Center of Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Li Q, Qin X, Kou X, Li J, Li Z, Chen C. Anagliptin promotes apoptosis in mouse colon carcinoma cells via MCT-4/lactate-mediated intracellular acidosis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:282. [PMID: 35317435 PMCID: PMC8908463 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently exhibit an acidic extracellular microenvironment, where inversion of the transmembrane pH gradient is associated with tumor proliferation and metastasis. To elucidate a new therapeutic target against cancer, the current study aimed to determine the mechanism by which the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin regulates the cellular pH gradient and concomitant extracellular acidosis during cancer progression. A total of 5x105 CT-26 cells (resuspended in phosphate buffer saline) were injected subcutaneously in the right flank of male BALB/c mice (weighing 25-28 g). The tumor samples were harvested, and lactate was detected using a lactate assay kit. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the Ki67 and PCNA. MTT assay and flow cytometric were used to detect cell viability. Intracellular pH was detected by fluorescence pH indicator. The results revealed that anagliptin effectively reduced tumor growth, but did not affect the body weight of treated mice. Anagliptin reduced the accumulation of lactate in tumor sample. Treatment with anagliptin stimulated the apoptosis of CT-26 cells. And lactate excretion inhibition is accompanied by an increase in extracellular pH (pHe) after treatment with anagliptin. Furthermore, anagliptin induced intracellular acidification and reversed the low pHe gradient via monocarboxylate transporter-4 (MCT-4)-mediated lactate excretion. Additionally, anagliptin reversed the aberrant transmembrane extracellular/intracellular pH gradient by suppressing MCT-4-mediated lactate excretion, while also reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and inducing apoptosis. These data revealed a novel function of anagliptin in regulating lactate excretion from cancer cells, suggesting that anagliptin may be used as a potential treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- The Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Qin
- The Biotherapy Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Kou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhongsha Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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23
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Nada H, Elkamhawy A, Abdellattif MH, Angeli A, Lee CH, Supuran CT, Lee K. 4-Anilinoquinazoline-based benzenesulfonamides as nanomolar inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IX, and XII: design, synthesis, in-vitro, and in-silico biological studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:994-1004. [PMID: 35350942 PMCID: PMC8973350 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2055553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs) are a key therapeutic class with a multitude of novel applications such as anticonvulsants, topically acting antiglaucoma, and anticancer drugs. Herein, a new series of 4-anilinoquinazoline-based benzenesulfonamides were designed, synthesised, and biologically assessed as potential hCAIs. The target compounds are based on the well-tolerated kinase scaffold (4-anilinoquinazoline). Compounds 3a (89.4 nM), 4e (91.2 nM), and 4f (60.9 nM) exhibited 2.8, 2.7, and 4 folds higher potency against hCA I when compared to the standard (AAZ, V), respectively. A single digit nanomolar activity was elicited by compounds 3a (8.7 nM), 4a (2.4 nM), and 4e (4.6 nM) with 1.4, 5, and 2.6 folds of potency compared to AAZ (12.1 nM) against isoform hCA II, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) and molecular docking studies validated our design approach that revealed highly potent hCAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Nada
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kyeong Lee
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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24
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Amukarimi S, Mozafari M. Biodegradable Magnesium Biomaterials—Road to the Clinic. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9030107. [PMID: 35324796 PMCID: PMC8945684 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, we have witnessed radical changes in the use of permanent biomaterials. The intrinsic ability of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys to degrade without releasing toxic degradation products has led to a vast range of applications in the biomedical field, including cardiovascular stents, musculoskeletal, and orthopedic applications. With the use of biodegradable Mg biomaterials, patients would not suffer second surgery and surgical pain anymore. Be that as it may, the main drawbacks of these biomaterials are the high corrosion rate and unexpected degradation in physiological environments. Since biodegradable Mg-based implants are expected to show controllable degradation and match the requirements of specific applications, various techniques, such as designing a magnesium alloy and modifying the surface characteristics, are employed to tailor the degradation rate. In this paper, some fundamentals and particular aspects of magnesium degradation in physiological environments are summarized, and approaches to control the degradation behavior of Mg-based biomaterials are presented.
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25
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Association between dietary acid load and clinical features of migraine headaches among Iranian individuals. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2460. [PMID: 35165363 PMCID: PMC8844046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence regarding the possible role of dietary acid load (DAL) in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches. Therefore, we sought to examine DAL in relation to the clinical features of migraine including headache frequency, severity and duration, headache impact test-6 (HIT-6), and serum levels of nitric oxide (NO). In the present cross-sectional study, 262 patients (38 men and 224 women aged 20–50 years) were recruited through a simple random sampling method. Dietary intakes were obtained by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DAL was then calculated by two different methods; potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP). In total, 262 patients with a mean (SE) age of 36.1 (0.53) and a BMI of 25.55 (0.21) were included in the current study. After controlling for potential confounders, a higher DAL was positively associated with headache frequency in those with the highest DAL score compared to the lowest (PRAL; β = 2.33; 95% CI 0.78, 3.88; NEAP; β = 1.74; 95% CI 0.13, 3.34). Increasing NEAP from 28.96 to 35.89 resulted in a 3.43 and 2.74 increment in HIT-6 scores in the crude (95% CI 1.35, 5.52) and fully-adjusted models (95% CI 0.40, 5.07), respectively. Moreover, a higher dietary PRAL was significantly associated with migraine-related disability, as shown by HIT-6, in subjects of the third tertile compared to those in the first tertile after controlling for confounders (β = 2.42; 95% CI 0.13, 4.70). In conclusion, our study highlighted the importance of the acid–base properties of a diet in the pathophysiology of migraine headaches. However, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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26
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Pereira G, Guo Y, Silva E, Bevilacqua C, Charpigny G, Lopes-da-Costa L, Humblot P. Progesterone differentially affects the transcriptomic profiles of cow endometrial cell types. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:82. [PMID: 35086476 PMCID: PMC8793221 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The endometrium is a heterogeneous tissue composed of luminal epithelial (LE), glandular epithelial (GE), and stromal cells (ST), experiencing progesterone regulated dynamic changes during the estrous cycle. In the cow, this regulation at the transcriptomic level was only evaluated in the whole tissue. This study describes specific gene expression in the three types of cells isolated from endometrial biopsies following laser capture microdissection and the transcriptome changes induced by progesterone in GE and ST cells. Results Endometrial LE, GE, and ST cells show specific transcriptomic profiles. Most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to progesterone are cell type-specific (96%). Genes involved in cell cycle and nuclear division are under-expressed in the presence of progesterone in GE, highlighting the anti-proliferative action of progesterone in epithelial cells. Elevated progesterone concentrations are also associated with the under-expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) in GE and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in GE and ST cells. In ST cells, transcription factors such as SOX17 and FOXA2, known to regulate uterine epithelial-stromal cross-talk conveying to endometrial receptivity, are over-expressed under progesterone influence. Conclusions The results from this study show that progesterone regulates endometrial function in a cell type-specific way, which is independent of the expression of its main receptor PGR. These novel insights into uterine physiology present the cell compartment as the physiological unit rather than the whole tissue. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08323-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Pereira
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabete Silva
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claudia Bevilacqua
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Luís Lopes-da-Costa
- CIISA-Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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27
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Chronister BNC, Wu T, Santella RM, Neugut AI, Wolff MS, Chen J, Teitelbaum SL, Parada H. Dietary Acid Load, Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl Levels, and Mortality Following Breast Cancer in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010374. [PMID: 35010632 PMCID: PMC8751127 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dietary acid load (DAL) may be associated with all-cause mortality (ACM) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCM), and these associations may be modified by serum polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels. Participants included 519 women diagnosed with first primary in situ or invasive breast cancer in 1996/1997 with available lipid-corrected PCB data. After a median of 17 years, there were 217 deaths (73 BCM). Potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores calculated from a baseline food frequency questionnaire estimated DAL. Cox regression estimated covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between PRAL and NEAP with mortality. We evaluated effect measure modification by total serum PCB levels (>median vs. ≤median). PRAL quartile 4 versus quartile 1 was associated with an ACM HR of 1.31 (95%CI = 0.90-1.92). In the upper median of PCBs, ACM HRs were 1.43 (95%CI = 0.96-2.11) and 1.40 (95%CI = 0.94-2.07) for PRAL and NEAP upper medians, respectively. In the lower median of PCBs, the upper median of NEAP was inversely associated with BCM (HR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.19-0.85). DAL may be associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality following breast cancer among women with high total serum PCB levels, but inversely associated with breast cancer mortality among women with low PCB levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N. C. Chronister
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Tianying Wu
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Regina M. Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Mary S. Wolff
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.S.W.); (J.C.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.S.W.); (J.C.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Susan L. Teitelbaum
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.S.W.); (J.C.); (S.L.T.)
| | - Humberto Parada
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
- UC San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine & Applied Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-619-594-0980
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28
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Angeli A, Kartsev V, Petrou A, Pinteala M, Brovarets V, Vydzhak R, Panchishin S, Geronikaki A, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition with Sulfonamides Incorporating Pyrazole- and Pyridazinecarboxamide Moieties Provides Examples of Isoform-Selective Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:7023. [PMID: 34834114 PMCID: PMC8625619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of benzenesulfonamides incorporating pyrazole- and pyridazinecarboxamides decorated with several bulky moieties has been obtained by original procedures. The new derivatives were investigated for the inhibition of four physiologically crucial human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.2.1.1) isoforms, hCA I and II (cytosolic enzymes) as well as hCA IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated isoforms). Examples of isoform-selective inhibitors were obtained for all four enzymes investigated here, and a computational approach was employed for explaining the observed selectivity, which may be useful in drug design approaches for obtaining inhibitors with pharmacological applications useful as antiglaucoma, diuretic, antitumor or anti-cerebral ischemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Victor Kartsev
- InterBioScreen, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow Region, Russia;
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica-Voda, no. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Volodymyr Brovarets
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Roman Vydzhak
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Svitlana Panchishin
- Department of Chemistry of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Heterocyclic Bases, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine 1, Murmanska St, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.B.); (R.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NeuroFarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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29
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Caldwell HG, Carr JMJR, Minhas JS, Swenson ER, Ainslie PN. Acid-base balance and cerebrovascular regulation. J Physiol 2021; 599:5337-5359. [PMID: 34705265 DOI: 10.1113/jp281517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation and defence of intracellular pH is essential for homeostasis. Indeed, alterations in cerebrovascular acid-base balance directly affect cerebral blood flow (CBF) which has implications for human health and disease. For example, changes in CBF regulation during acid-base disturbances are evident in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetic ketoacidosis. The classic experimental studies from the past 75+ years are utilized to describe the integrative relationships between CBF, carbon dioxide tension (PCO2 ), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) and pH. These factors interact to influence (1) the time course of acid-base compensatory changes and the respective cerebrovascular responses (due to rapid exchange kinetics between arterial blood, extracellular fluid and intracellular brain tissue). We propose that alterations in arterial [HCO3 - ] during acute respiratory acidosis/alkalosis contribute to cerebrovascular acid-base regulation; and (2) the regulation of CBF by direct changes in arterial vs. extravascular/interstitial PCO2 and pH - the latter recognized as the proximal compartment which alters vascular smooth muscle cell regulation of CBF. Taken together, these results substantiate two key ideas: first, that the regulation of CBF is affected by the severity of metabolic/respiratory disturbances, including the extent of partial/full acid-base compensation; and second, that the regulation of CBF is independent of arterial pH and that diffusion of CO2 across the blood-brain barrier is integral to altering perivascular extracellular pH. Overall, by realizing the integrative relationships between CBF, PCO2 , HCO3 - and pH, experimental studies may provide insights to improve CBF regulation in clinical practice with treatment of systemic acid-base disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jay M J R Carr
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jatinder S Minhas
- Cerebral Haemodynamics in Ageing and Stroke Medicine (CHiASM) Research Group, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Erik R Swenson
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, University of Washington, and VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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30
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Cicconetti F, Sestili P, Madiai V, Albertini MC, Campanella L, Coppari S, Fraternale D, Saunders B, Teodori L. Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12227. [PMID: 34721966 PMCID: PMC8515994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world's largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cicconetti
- Department of Emergency DEA-Surgery, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Valeria Madiai
- Laboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Coppari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Teodori
- Laboratory of Diagnostics and Metrology, FSN-TECFIS-DIM, ENEA, Frascati-Rome, Italy
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31
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Tharwat M. Alterations in acid-base balance, blood gases, and hematobiochemical profiles of whole-blood and thoracic fluid in goats with contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Vet World 2021; 14:1874-1878. [PMID: 34475711 PMCID: PMC8404105 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1874-1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a highly contagious and fatal disease affecting goats and some wild ruminants. It is a cause of major economic losses in the goat industry in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. This study aimed to investigate the acid-base balance, blood gases, and hematobiochemical profiles of whole-blood and fluid collected from the thoracic cavity in goats with CCPP. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five goats suffering from weight loss, anorexia, dyspnea, polypnea, cough, and nasal discharges due to CCPP were studied. Twenty-five healthy goats were used as controls. Diseased animals were enrolled in this study based on a positive serological latex agglutination test (LAT) that confirmed the detection of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. The control goats were enrolled based on a negative result of the LAT. Results: Compared with a mean value of 7.38±0.04 in controls, the pH in the diseased group was 7.41±0.05. The blood pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), pressure of oxygen (PO2), base excess (BE), bicarbonate (HCO3), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), and saturation of oxygen (SO2) were lower in goats with CCPP than in controls. However, the anion gap (AnGap) was higher in the diseased goats than in the healthy ones. Compared with the levels in blood samples, the thoracic fluid PCO2, PO2, BE, and SO2 were higher while pH, HCO3, TCO2, and AnGap were lower. Compared with the findings in healthy goats, hematological alterations included significant increases in white blood cells and neutrophils, and a significant decrease in the red blood cell count. In the thoracic fluid, neutrophilic leukocytosis was a remarkable finding. The serum concentrations of globulin, blood urea nitrogen, and glucose, and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and g-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increased significantly compared with those in controls. In contrast, serum concentrations of albumin, calcium, and magnesium, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased significantly compared with those of healthy animals. The activities of ALP, AST, GGT, and creatine kinase and the concentration of phosphorus were higher in thoracic fluid than the serum values in the diseased group. Conclusion: When compared with the healthy controls, goats with CCPP have metabolic acidosis. Compared with the levels in healthy goats, the blood PCO2, PO2, BE, HCO3, TCO2, and SO2 are low in goats with CCPP; however, the AnGap is higher in diseased goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tharwat
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6622, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
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32
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The Role of Acidosis in the Pathogenesis of Severe Forms of COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10090852. [PMID: 34571729 PMCID: PMC8469745 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, several studies have shown that acidosis, which is increased acidity in the blood and other body tissues, is often associated with severe COVID-19. In this article, we look at the mechanisms and consequences of acidosis that can lead to an exacerbation of COVID-19. We want to draw the attention of readers to the threshold values of such disease characteristics as hypoxia and acidosis, which are associated with a sharp deterioration in the patient’s condition. Hypoxia and acidosis mutually reinforce each other according to the principle of a vicious cycle (that is, they are involved in a system of positive feedbacks). Elevated blood lactate (lactic acid) levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in COVID patients. As a practical recommendation, we propose to pay more attention to the prevention of acidosis, including in the early stages of the disease, when the adjustment of homeostasis requires less effort and is less risky. Abstract COVID-19 has specific characteristics that distinguish this disease from many other infections. We suggest that the pathogenesis of severe forms of COVID-19 can be associated with acidosis. This review article discusses several mechanisms potentially linking the damaging effects of COVID-19 with acidosis and shows the existence of a vicious cycle between the development of hypoxia and acidosis in COVID-19 patients. At the early stages of the disease, inflammation, difficulty in gas exchange in the lungs and thrombosis collectively contribute to the onset of acidosis. In accordance with the Verigo-Bohr effect, a decrease in blood pH leads to a decrease in oxygen saturation, which contributes to the exacerbation of acidosis and results in a deterioration of the patient’s condition. A decrease in pH can also cause conformational changes in the S-protein of the virus and thus lead to a decrease in the affinity and avidity of protective antibodies. Hypoxia and acidosis lead to dysregulation of the immune system and multidirectional pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions, resulting in the development of a “cytokine storm”. In this review, we highlight the potential importance of supporting normal blood pH as an approach to COVID-19 therapy.
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33
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Al Barbandi M, Defreitas MJ, Infante JC, Morsi M, Arroyo Parejo Drayer PA, Katsoufis CP, Seeherunvong W, Chandar J, Burke GW, Abitbol CL. Case Report: Uroenteric Fistula in a Pediatric-en-bloc Kidney Transplant Manifests as Deceptive Watery Diarrhea and Normal Anion Gap Acidosis. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:687396. [PMID: 34322462 PMCID: PMC8310905 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.687396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The diagnosis of a post-surgical uroenteric fistula can be challenging and may be delayed for months after symptoms begin. A normal anion gap metabolic acidosis has been reported in up to 100% of patients after ureterosigmoidostomy, and bladder substitution using small bowel and/or colonic segments. Here, we describe a rare case of a pediatric patient who developed a uroenteric fistula from the transplant ureters into the small bowel, after an en-bloc kidney transplantation resulting in profound acidosis and deceptive watery diarrhea. Case Presentation: The patient is an 8-year-old girl with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Through a right retroperitoneal approach, she underwent a right native nephrectomy and a pediatric deceased donor en-bloc kidney transplant including two separate ureters. One month later, she had a renal allograft biopsy for suspected rejection. During the week after the biopsy, she experienced abdominal pain followed by watery diarrhea and metabolic acidosis requiring continuous bicarbonate/acetate infusions. An extensive gastro-intestinal evaluation for the cause of the diarrhea including endoscopy was inconclusive. The urine output decreased to <500 ml daily; although, the kidney function remained normal. After 2 weeks of unexplained watery diarrhea a magnetic resonance urogram with contrast was performed which demonstrated extravasation of urine from both ureters with fistulization into the small bowel. She underwent corrective surgery which identified the fistulous tract, which was resected and both ureters were re-implanted. The diarrhea and acidosis resolved, and she has maintained normal renal allograft function for over 1 year. Conclusion: An important aspect in the early diagnosis of a uroenteric fistula is the sudden onset of severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis that results when urine is diverted into the intestinal tract. The mechanism is similar to that described in cases of urinary diversions and/or bladder augmentation using the intestine. Important diagnostic tools are the measurements of solute excretion and pH in the urine as compared to the "watery diarrhea" or bowel output. Summary: We describe a case of a uroenteric fistula in a pediatric-en-bloc kidney transplant patient that went undiagnosed for almost 3 weeks due to the deceptive nature of the watery diarrhea which was actually urine. A uroenteric fistula should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as a complication of kidney transplant. The simultaneous comparison of stool and urine pH and solute excretions may lead to the diagnosis, appropriate imaging and surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Al Barbandi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marissa J Defreitas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Kidney/Pancreas Transplant, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Juan C Infante
- Department of Radiology (Voluntary), University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Radiology, Nemours Children's Hospital/University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Mahmoud Morsi
- Division of Kidney/Pancreas Transplant, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Patricia A Arroyo Parejo Drayer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Chryso P Katsoufis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wacharee Seeherunvong
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jayanthi Chandar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States.,Division of Kidney/Pancreas Transplant, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - George W Burke
- Division of Kidney/Pancreas Transplant, Department of Surgery, Miami Transplant Institute, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carolyn L Abitbol
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami/Holtz Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
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