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Anagnostopoulou E, Tsouko E, Maina S, Myrtsi ED, Haroutounian S, Papanikolaou S, Koutinas A. Unlocking the potential of spent coffee grounds via a comprehensive biorefinery approach: production of microbial oil and carotenoids under fed-batch fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35483-35497. [PMID: 38727974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of renewable feedstock to produce a plethora of value-added products could promote the transition towards a circular bioeconomy. This study presents the development of cascade processes to bioconvert spent coffee grounds (SCGs) into microbial oil and carotenoids employing sustainable practices. The stepwise recovery of crude phenolic extract and coffee oil was carried out using green or recyclable solvents, i.e., aqueous ethanol and hexane. Palmitic acid (43.3%) and linoleic acid (38.9%) were the major fatty acids in the oil fraction of SCGs. The LC-MS analysis of crude phenolic extracts revealed that chlorogenic acid dominated (45.7%), while neochlorogenic acid was also detected in substantial amounts (24.0%). SCGs free of coffee oil and phenolic compounds were subjected to microwave-assisted pretreatment under different irradiations and solvents to enhance subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Microwave/water pretreatment at 400 W, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with proteases, hemicellulases, and cellulases, at 50 g/L initial SCGs, led to satisfying overall yields of cellulose (75.4%), hemicellulose (50.3%), and holocellulose (55.3%). Mannan was the most extractable polysaccharide followed by galactan and arabinan. SCGs hydrolysate was used in fed-batch bioreactor fermentations with Rhodosporidium toruloides to produce 24.0 g/L microbial oil and carotenoids of 432.9 μg/g biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Anagnostopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Erminta Tsouko
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece.
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave, 11635, Athens, Greece.
| | - Sofia Maina
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni D Myrtsi
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Serkos Haroutounian
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Seraphim Papanikolaou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
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Thumkasem N, On-Mee T, Kongsinkaew C, Chittapun S, Pornpukdeewattana S, Ketudat-Cairns M, Thongprajukaew K, Antimanon S, Charoenrat T. Enhanced high β-carotene yeast cell production by Rhodotorula paludigena CM33 and in vitro digestibility in aquatic animals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9188. [PMID: 38649733 PMCID: PMC11035689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study assessed Rhodotorula paludigena CM33's growth and β-carotene production in a 22-L bioreactor for potential use as an aquatic animal feed supplement. Optimizing the feed medium's micronutrient concentration for high-cell-density fed-batch cultivation using glucose as the carbon source yielded biomass of 89.84 g/L and β-carotene concentration of 251.64 mg/L. Notably, using sucrose as the carbon source in feed medium outperforms glucose feeds, resulting in a β-carotene concentration of 285.00 mg/L with a similar biomass of 87.78 g/L. In the fed-batch fermentation using Sucrose Feed Medium, R. paludigena CM33 exhibited high biomass production rates (Qx) of 0.91 g/L.h and remarkable β-carotene production rates (Qp) of 2.97 mg/L.h. In vitro digestibility assays showed that R. paludigena CM33, especially when cultivated using sucrose, enhances protein digestibility affirming its suitability as an aquatic feed supplement. Furthermore, R. paludigena CM33's nutrient-rich profile and probiotic potential make it an attractive option for aquatic nutrition. This research highlights the importance of cost-effective carbon sources in large-scale β-carotene production for aquatic animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namphet Thumkasem
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Thapanut On-Mee
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chatchol Kongsinkaew
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Supenya Chittapun
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Soisuda Pornpukdeewattana
- Division of Fermentation Technology, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Center for Molecular Structure, Function, and Application, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Karun Thongprajukaew
- Applied Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sompot Antimanon
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Theppanya Charoenrat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Effendi SSW, Ng IS. High value ferulic acid biosynthesis using modular design and spent coffee ground in engineered Escherichia coli chassis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 384:129262. [PMID: 37271460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sophisticated genetic engineering enables microbial hosts to derive high-value aromatics in a green manner. Ferulic acid (FA) is one of the noteworthy aromatics due to its potent pharmacokinetic properties. However, the current approaches to FA biosynthesis still decamp from time- and cost-effectiveness. Herein, FA pathway was artificially reconstructed in Escherichia coli using modular designs. Comprehensive screening of E. coli lineages was reckoned for efficient synthesis of p-coumaric acid (pCA) as a precursor and FA eventually. The modular design was further advanced by harboring tyrosine transporter, adapting the heterologous codon, utilizing pCA symporter, and enriching FADH2 cofactor pools via in vivo regeneration. Taken together with simultaneous optimization of culture condition, a remarkable FA yield of 972.6 mg/L with 89.4 % conversion was achieved in 48 h, circumventing the time-consuming issue. Moreover, this study successfully exported inexpensive precursor from spent coffee ground for the first time, paving the economical way of FA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Di Salvo E, Lo Vecchio G, De Pasquale R, De Maria L, Tardugno R, Vadalà R, Cicero N. Natural Pigments Production and Their Application in Food, Health and Other Industries. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081923. [PMID: 37111142 PMCID: PMC10144550 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to fulfilling their function of giving color, many natural pigments are known as interesting bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. These compounds have various applications. In recent times, in the food industry, there has been a spread of natural pigment application in many fields, such as pharmacology and toxicology, in the textile and printing industry and in the dairy and fish industry, with almost all major natural pigment classes being used in at least one sector of the food industry. In this scenario, the cost-effective benefits for the industry will be welcome, but they will be obscured by the benefits for people. Obtaining easily usable, non-toxic, eco-sustainable, cheap and biodegradable pigments represents the future in which researchers should invest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Di Salvo
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lo Vecchio
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rita De Pasquale
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Tardugno
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Departement of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Science4life srl, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Bondam AF, Diolinda da Silveira D, Pozzada dos Santos J, Hoffmann JF. Phenolic compounds from coffee by-products: Extraction and application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sodhi AS, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Verma A, Soni S, Batra N. Insights on sustainable approaches for production and applications of value added products. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131623. [PMID: 34346348 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for the development of sustainable strategies to utilize and process agro-industrial residues paves new paths for exploring innovative approaches in this area. Biotechnology based microbial transformations provide efficient, low cost and sustainable approaches for the production of value added products. The use of organic rich residues opens new avenues for the production of enzymes, pigments, biofuels, bioactive compounds, biopolymers etc. with vast industrial and therapeutic applications. Innovative technologies like strain improvement, enzyme immobilization, genome editing, morphological engineering, ultrasound/supercritical fluid/pulse electric field extraction, etc. can be employed. These will be helpful in achieving significant improvement in qualitative and quantitative parameters of the finished products. The global trend for the valorisation of biowaste has boosted the commercialization of these products which has transformed the markets by providing new investment opportunities. The upstream processing of raw materials using microbes poses a limitation in terms of product development and recovery which can be overcome by modifying the bioreactor design, physiological parameters or employing alternate technologies which will be discussed in this review. The other problems related to the processes include product stability, industrial applicability and cost competitiveness which needs to be addressed. This review comprehensively discusses the recent progress, avenues and challenges in the approaches aimed at valorisation of agro-industrial wastes along with possible opportunities in the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinashi Singh Sodhi
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Sonu Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Anoop Verma
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sajeev Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India
| | - Navneet Batra
- Department of Biotechnology, Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32-C, Chandigarh, 160030, India.
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Optimizing Anti-inflammatory Activities of Arabica Coffee Ground (Coffea arabica L.) Nanoparticle Gel. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel is known to possess good physicochemical properties and high phenolic contents in which the phenolics are famous for their anti-inflammatory activities. Objectives: : This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel on carrageenan-induced male mice for 6 h. The positive control was commercial medicine (Voltaren gel), and the control negative was base gel. Methods: The inflammatory inhibition of arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel is determined by measuring the edema volume of the carrageenan-induced mice foot using a plethysmometer. Anti-inflammatory activities of arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel were optimized using Box-Behnken Design of the response surface methodology. Results: The anti-inflammatory activities or inflammatory inhibition of arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel was determined by measuring the edema volume of the carrageenan-induced mice foot. The increase of edema volume of the mice foot from the first to 180th min was caused by the release of inflammation mediator such as histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinins, and serotonin on the tissue; meanwhile, at the 240th min, the edema of the mice foot experienced a decrease due to the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis to the tissue. The obtained results indicated that the arabica coffee ground nanoparticles gel has average value of anti-inflammatory activities of 27.75%. The obtained optimum formulation is 0.500% Carbopol 940, 0.400% triethanolamine, and 2.313% nanoparticle, giving 29.360% and 29.670% for the predicted and experimental inflammatory inhibition values, with 0.812 desirability value, respectively. Conclusions: The Box-Behnken design can be used to determine the optimal gel formulation of arabica coffee grounds for inflammatory inhibition.
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Mussagy CU, Khan S, Kot AM. Current developments on the application of microbial carotenoids as an alternative to synthetic pigments. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6932-6946. [PMID: 33798005 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1908222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial carotenoids have attracted rising interest from several industries as a sustainable alternative to substitute the synthetic ones. Traditionally, carotenoids available in the market are obtained by the chemical route using nonrenewable sources (petrochemicals), revealing the negative impact on the environment and consumers. The most promising developments in the upstream and downstream processes of microbial carotenoids are reviewed in this work. The use of agro-based raw materials for bioproduction, and alternative solvents such as biosolvents, deep eutectic solvents, and ionic liquids for the recovery/polishing of microbial carotenoids were also reviewed. The principal advances in the field, regarding the biorefinery and circular economy concepts, were also discussed for a better understanding of the current developments. This review provides comprehensive overview of the hot topics in the field besides an exhaustive analysis of the main advantages/drawbacks and opportunities regarding the implementation of microbial carotenoids in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo Ussemane Mussagy
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sabir Khan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria Kot
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Rapoport A, Guzhova I, Bernetti L, Buzzini P, Kieliszek M, Kot AM. Carotenoids and Some Other Pigments from Fungi and Yeasts. Metabolites 2021; 11:92. [PMID: 33561985 PMCID: PMC7915786 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are an essential group of compounds that may be obtained by microbiological synthesis. They are instrumental in various areas of industry, medicine, agriculture, and ecology. The increase of carotenoids' demand at the global market is now essential. At the moment, the production of natural carotenoids is more expensive than obtaining their synthetic forms, but several new approaches/directions on how to decrease this difference were developed during the last decades. This review briefly describes the information accumulated until now about the beneficial effects of carotenoids on human health protection, their possible application in the treatments of various diseases, and their use in the food and feed industry. This review also describes some issues that are linked with biotechnological production of fungal and yeasts carotenoids, as well as new approaches/directions to make their biotechnological production more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rapoport
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str. 1-537, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Guzhova
- Laboratory of Cell Protective Mechanisms, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Avenue 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Lorenzo Bernetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy; (L.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Maria Kot
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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10
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Ioannidou SM, Pateraki C, Ladakis D, Papapostolou H, Tsakona M, Vlysidis A, Kookos IK, Koutinas A. Sustainable production of bio-based chemicals and polymers via integrated biomass refining and bioprocessing in a circular bioeconomy context. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123093. [PMID: 32247685 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of bio-based chemicals and polymers is highly dependent on the development of viable biorefinery concepts using crude renewable resources for the production of diversified products. Within this concept, this critical review presents the availability of fractionated co-products and fermentable sugars that could be derived from major industrial and food supply chain side streams in EU countries. Fermentable sugars could be used for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. The implementation of biorefinery concepts in industry should depend on the evaluation of process efficiency and sustainability including techno-economic, environmental and social impact assessment following circular bioeconomy principles. Relevant sustainability indicators and End-of-Life scenarios have been presented. A case study on the techno-economic evaluation of bio-based succinic acid production from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste has been presented focusing on the evaluation of process profitability and feedstock requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Maria Ioannidou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Pateraki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ladakis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Papapostolou
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsakona
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Anestis Vlysidis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis K Kookos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Apostolis Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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Rajesh Banu J, Kavitha S, Yukesh Kannah R, Dinesh Kumar M, Atabani AE, Kumar G. Biorefinery of spent coffee grounds waste: Viable pathway towards circular bioeconomy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122821. [PMID: 32008862 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The circular bioeconomy plan is an innovative research based scheme intended for augmenting the complete utilization and management of bio-based resources in a sustainable biorefinery route. Spent coffee grounds based biorefinery is the emerging aspect promoting circular bioeconomy. The sustainable circular bioeconomy by utilizing SCG is achieved by cascade approaches and the inclusion of many biorefinery approaches to obtain many bio-products. The maximum energy recovery can be obtained by process integration. The economic analysis of the biofuel production from SCG is dependent on the cost of raw material, transportation, the need of labor and energy, oil extraction operations and biofuel production. The inclusion of new products from already established product can minimize the investment cost when related to the production cost. A positive net present value can be achieved via SCG biorefinery which indicates the profitability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rajesh Banu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - S Kavitha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - R Yukesh Kannah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Anna University Regional Campus, Tirunelveli, India
| | - A E Atabani
- Alternative Fuels Research Laboratory (AFRL), Energy Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Green Processing, Bioremediation and Alternative Energies Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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12
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Bhandarkar NS, Mouatt P, Goncalves P, Thomas T, Brown L, Panchal SK. Modulation of gut microbiota by spent coffee grounds attenuates diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. FASEB J 2020; 34:4783-4797. [PMID: 32039529 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902416rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee brewing produces spent coffee grounds as waste; few studies have investigated the health benefits of these grounds. This study investigated responses to spent coffee grounds in a diet-induced rat model of metabolic syndrome. Male Wistar rats aged 8-9 weeks were fed either corn starch-rich diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% spent coffee grounds during the last 8 weeks. Rats fed non-supplemented diets were used as controls. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed metabolic syndrome including abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular and liver damage. Body weight, abdominal fat, total body fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and concentrations of plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were reduced by spent coffee grounds along with improved glucose tolerance and structure and function of heart and liver. Spent coffee grounds increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Changes in gut microbiota correlated with the reduction in obesity and improvement in glucose tolerance and systolic blood pressure. These findings indicate that intervention with spent coffee grounds may be useful for managing obesity and metabolic syndrome by altering the gut microbiota, thus increasing the value of this food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil S Bhandarkar
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter Mouatt
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Priscila Goncalves
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation & School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia.,School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil K Panchal
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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13
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Functionality Analysis of Spent Coffee Ground Extracts Obtained by the Hydrothermal Method. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4671438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a popular beverage all over the world, but spent coffee grounds (SCGs) constituting almost 75% of original beans are usually considered waste and disposed off. The present study analyzed the functionalities of SCG with a view of its reuse in the cosmetic industry. The SCG extraction was carried out by the hydrothermal method. The resultant extracts were tested for its antioxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibition, and moisturizing ability. LC–MS/MS results showed two major components in SCG extracts, namely, trigonelline and caffeine. Also, the SCG contained total flavonoid contents of 29 ± 4.5 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g SCG and total phenolic contents of 9.44 ± 0.90 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g SCG. Regarding functionality analysis, SCG extracts exhibited reduction capacity of 8.18 ± 0.39 mg vitamin C equivalent (VCE)/g SCG, DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (IC50) of 3.11 mg SCG/mL, ABTS free-radical scavenging activity (IC50) of 13.61 mg SCG/mL, and tyrosinase inhibition capacity (IC50) of 2.23 mg SCG/mL. Moreover, the volatilization rate of the extract solution (37 mg SCG/mL) reduced by 15.9%. These results demonstrate the utility of recycling of SCG and illustrate its potential application in the development of skin care products.
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14
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The Optimization of Gel Preparations Using the Active Compounds of Arabica Coffee Ground Nanoparticles. Sci Pharm 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm87040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) ground nanoparticles contain phenolics compounds that have anti-inflammatory effects, so they can be used as sources of active compounds in anti-inflammatory gel preparations. This study aims to determine the optimum formulation of anti-inflammatory gel preparations using Arabica coffee ground nanoparticles as active compounds. Treatment optimization was performed using a Response Surface Methodology according to the Box-Behnken Design with a quadratic model in the Design Expert Version 10.0.3.0 software. In this study we used three factors (x): carbopol 940, triethanolamine (TEA), and nanoparticles, each of which consists of three levels, the response (y) observed including the acidity degree (pH), spreadability, viscosity and total phenolic content. ANOVA analysis results show that the quadratic model is very appropriate since it produces a high R2 value and a low PRESS value for all responses, as well as significant p-values (<0.0500) and an insignificant lack of Fit values (p-value> 5%). The optimum formulations for the gel preparations of the Arabica coffee ground nanoparticles obtained in this study are carbopol 940 (0.569%), TEA (0.468%), and nanoparticles (3.000%), which have values w/o an interval (0.994) and a desirable (0.981) response to acidity (5.212), spreadability (5.850 cm), viscosity (3734.244 cps) and total phenolic content (669.227 µgGAE/g).
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Papadaki A, Kopsahelis N, Mallouchos A, Mandala I, Koutinas AA. Bioprocess development for the production of novel oleogels from soybean and microbial oils. Food Res Int 2019; 126:108684. [PMID: 31732046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the production of novel oleogels via circular valorisation of food industry side streams. Sugarcane molasses and soybean processing side streams (i.e. soybean cake) were employed as fermentation feedstocks for the production of microbial oil. Fed-batch bioreactor fermentations carried out by the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides led to the production of 36.9 g/L total dry weight with an intracellular oil content of 49.8% (w/w) and 89.4 μg/g carotenoids. The carotenoid-rich microbial oil and soybean oil were evaluated as base oils for the production of wax-based oleogels. The wax esters, used as oleogelators, were produced via enzymatic catalysis, using microbial oil or soybean fatty acid distillate as raw materials. All oleogels presented a gel-like behaviour (G' > G″). However, the highest G' was determined for the oleogel produced from soybean oil and microbial oil-wax esters, which indicated a stronger network. Thermal analysis showed that this oleogel had a melting temperature profile up to 35 °C, which is favorable for applications in the confectionery industry. Also, texture analysis demonstrated that soybean oil-microbial oil wax oleogel was stable (1.9-2.2 N) within 30-days storage period. This study showed the potential of novel oleogels production through the development of bioprocesses based on the valorisation of various renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kopsahelis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ionian University, Argostoli 28100, Kefalonia, Greece
| | - Athanasios Mallouchos
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mandala
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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Gmoser R, Sintca C, Taherzadeh MJ, Lennartsson PR. Combining submerged and solid state fermentation to convert waste bread into protein and pigment using the edible filamentous fungus N. intermedia. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 97:63-70. [PMID: 31447028 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Waste streams from ethanol and bread production present inexpensive, abundant and underutilized renewable substrates that are highly available for valorisation into high-value products. A combined submerged to solid state fermentation strategy was studied using the edible filamentous fungus Neurospora intermedia to biotransform ethanol plant residues 'thin stillage' and waste bread as substrates for the production of additional ethanol, biomass and a feed product rich in pigment. The fungus was able to degrade the stillage during submerged fermentation, producing 81 kg ethanol and 65 kg fungal biomass per ton dry weight of thin stillage. Concurrently, the second solid state fermentation step increased the protein content in waste bread by 161%. Additionally, 1.2 kg pigment per ton waste bread was obtained at the best conditions (6 days solid state fermentation under light at 95% relative humidity at 35 °C with an initial substrate moisture content of 40% using washed fungal biomass to initiate fermentation). This study presents a means of increasing the value of waste bread while reducing the treatment load on thin stillage in ethanol plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gmoser
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Carissa Sintca
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden; Indonesia International Institute for Life Science, JI. Pulomas Barat Kav. 88, Jakarta Timur 13210, Indonesia
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Caffeine metabolism during cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) with spent coffee grounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5831-5841. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Papadaki A, Cipolatti EP, Aguieiras ECG, Cerqueira Pinto MC, Kopsahelis N, Freire DMG, Mandala I, Koutinas AA. Development of Microbial Oil Wax-Based Oleogel with Potential Application in Food Formulations. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Stylianou M, Agapiou A, Omirou M, Vyrides I, Ioannides IM, Maratheftis G, Fasoula D. Converting environmental risks to benefits by using spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a valuable resource. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35776-35790. [PMID: 29860699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coffee is perhaps one of the most vital ingredients in humans' daily life in modern world. However, this causes the production of million tons of relevant wastes, i.e., plastic cups, aluminum capsules, coffee chaff (silver skin), and spent coffee grounds (SCG), all thrown untreated into landfills. It is estimated that 1 kg of instant coffee generates around 2 kg of wet SCG; a relatively unique organic waste stream, with little to no contamination, separated directly in the source by the coffee shops. The produced waste has been under researchers' microscope as a useful feedstock for a number of promising applications. SCG is considered a valuable, nutrients rich source of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, lipids, chlorogenic and protocatechuic acid, melanoidins, diterpenes, xanthines, vitamin precursors, etc.) and a useful resource material in other processes (e.g., soil improver and compost, heavy metals absorbent, biochar, biodiesel, pellets, cosmetics, food, and deodorization products). This paper aims to provide a holistic approach for the SCG waste management, highlighting a series of processes and applications in environmental solutions, food industry, and agricultural sector. Thus, the latest developments and approaches of SCG waste management are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Stylianou
- NIREAS-International Research Center, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Michalis Omirou
- Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, CY-1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianos, CY-3036, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | | | - Grivas Maratheftis
- Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, CY-1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Dionysia Fasoula
- Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 22016, CY-1516, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Moreira MD, Melo MM, Coimbra JM, Reis KCD, Schwan RF, Silva CF. Solid coffee waste as alternative to produce carotenoids with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 82:93-99. [PMID: 30509600 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Special coffee production involves particular sensorial characteristics of the beverage as well as the production system of coffee beans, in particular environmental issues like water and solid waste disposal. Many countries around the world have problems with that waste disposal. The possibility to integrate the commodite production with suitable agricultural practices was the focus on this work using the solid waste to produce pigments by yeasts with biological activities. The better carotenoids production was tested previously in husk and pulp extract. The production of total carotenoids by yeast was 16.36 ± 0073 mg L-1 was 21.35 ± 0067 mg L-1, in the pulp extract and husk extract respectively. Carotenoids produced, exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella colorless, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes as well as toxigenic fungi like Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. carbonarius and A. ochraceus. These characteristics of the pigments are important to replace the artificial ones commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries allowing the consumers to choose more natural products at lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Dias Moreira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba (CAP), OuroBranco, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kelly Cristina Dos Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Federal University of São João Del Rei, Campus Alto Paraopeba (CAP), OuroBranco, MG, Brazil
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Kovalcik A, Obruca S, Marova I. Valorization of spent coffee grounds: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hudeckova H, Neureiter M, Obruca S, Frühauf S, Marova I. Biotechnological conversion of spent coffee grounds into lactic acid. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:306-312. [PMID: 29330879 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work investigates the potential bioconversion of spent coffee grounds (SCG) into lactic acid (LA). SCG were hydrolysed by a combination of dilute acid treatment and subsequent application of cellulase. The SCG hydrolysate contained a considerable amount of reducing sugars (9·02 ± 0·03 g l-1 , glucose; 26·49 ± 0·10 g l-1 galactose and 2·81 ± 0·07 g l-1 arabinose) and it was used as a substrate for culturing several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and LA-producing Bacillus coagulans. Among the screened micro-organisms, Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825 was identified as the most promising producer of LA on a SCG hydrolysate. Despite the inhibitory effect exerted by furfural and phenolic compounds in the medium, reasonably high LA concentrations (25·69 ± 1·45 g l-1 ) and yields (98%) were gained. Therefore, it could be demonstrated that SCG is a promising raw material for the production of LA and could serve as a feedstock for the sustainable large-scale production of LA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Spent coffee grounds (SCG) represent solid waste generated in millions of tonnes by coffee-processing industries. Their disposal represents a serious environmental problem; however, SCG could be valorized within a biorefinery concept yielding various valuable products. Herein, we suggest that SCG can be used as a complex carbon source for the lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hudeckova
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Neureiter
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - S Obruca
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Frühauf
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - I Marova
- Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Materials Research Centre, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Enrichment, purification and in vitro antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Umbilicaria esculenta macrolichen. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mata TM, Martins AA, Caetano NS. Bio-refinery approach for spent coffee grounds valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:1077-1084. [PMID: 28969966 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although normally seen as a problem, current policies and strategic plans concur that if adequately managed, waste can be a source of the most interesting and valuable products, among which metals, oils and fats, lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, tannins, antioxidants, caffeine, polyphenols, pigments, flavonoids, through recycling, compound recovery or energy valorization, following the waste hierarchy. Besides contributing to more sustainable and circular economies, those products also have high commercial value when compared to the ones obtained by currently used waste treatment methods. In this paper, it is shown how the bio-refinery framework can be used to obtain high value products from organic waste. With spent coffee grounds as a case study, a sequential process is used to obtain first the most valuable, and then other products, allowing proper valorization of residues and increased sustainability of the whole process. Challenges facing full development and implementation of waste based bio-refineries are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Mata
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António A Martins
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nídia S Caetano
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering-University of Porto (FEUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias S/N, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; CIETI, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic Institute of Porto (IPP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida S/N, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
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Hernández-Almanza A, Montañez J, Martínez G, Aguilar-Jiménez A, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Lycopene: Progress in microbial production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Optimization of High Solids Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Spent Coffee Ground at Mild Temperature for Enzymatic Saccharification and Microbial Oil Fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:753-765. [PMID: 27179516 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soluble coffee, being one of the world's most popular consuming drinks, produces a considerable amount of spent coffee ground (SCG) along with its production. The SCG could function as a potential lignocellulosic feedstock for production of bioproducts. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible optimal condition of dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH) at high solids and mild temperature condition to release the reducing sugars from SCG. The optimal condition was found to be 5.3 % (w/w) sulfuric acid concentration and 118 min reaction time. Under the optimal condition, the mean yield of reducing sugars from enzymatic saccharification of defatted SCG acid hydrolysate was 563 mg/g. The SCG hydrolysate was then successfully applied to culture Lipomyces starkeyi for microbial oil fermentation without showing any inhibition. The results suggested that dilute acid hydrolysis followed by enzymatic saccharification has the great potential to convert SCG carbohydrates to reducing sugars. This study is useful for the further developing of biorefinery using SCG as feedstock at a large scale.
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Magalhães LM, Machado S, Segundo MA, Lopes JA, Páscoa RNMJ. Rapid assessment of bioactive phenolics and methylxanthines in spent coffee grounds by FT-NIR spectroscopy. Talanta 2015; 147:460-7. [PMID: 26592633 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are a great source of bioactive compounds with interest to pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Phenolics and methylxanthines are the main health related compounds present in SCG samples. Content estimation of these compounds in SCGs is of upmost importance in what concerns their profitable use by waste recovery industries. In the present work, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was proposed as a rapid and non-destructive technique to assess the content of three main phenolics (caffeic acid, (+)-catechin and chlorogenic acid) and three methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine and theophylline) in SCG samples obtained from different coffee brands and diverse coffee machines. The content of these compounds was determined for 61 SCG samples by HPLC coupled with diode-array detection. Partial least squares (PLS) regression based models were calibrated to correlate diffuse reflectance NIR spectra against the reference data for the six parameters obtained by HPLC. Spectral wavelength selection and number of latent variables were optimized by minimizing the cross-validation error. PLS models showed good linearity with a coefficient of determination for the prediction set (Rp(2)) of 0.95, 0.92, 0.88, 071 and 0.84 for caffeine, caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid and theophylline, respectively. The range error ratio (RER) was higher for caffeine (17.8) when compared to other compounds (12.0, 10.1, 7.6 and 9.2, respectively for caffeic acid, (+)-catechin, chlorogenic acid and theophylline). Moreover, the content of caffeine could be used to predict the antioxidant properties of SCG samples (R=0.808, n=61), despite not presenting this property itself. The results obtained confirmed that NIRS is a suitable technique to screen SCG samples unveiling those with high content of bioactive compounds, which are interesting for subsequent extraction procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M Magalhães
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Sandia Machado
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - João A Lopes
- iMed, Departamento de Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisbon 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ricardo N M J Páscoa
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal.
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Obruca S, Benesova P, Kucera D, Petrik S, Marova I. Biotechnological conversion of spent coffee grounds into polyhydroxyalkanoates and carotenoids. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:569-74. [PMID: 25721970 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the world's most popular beverages and has been growing steadily in commercial importance. Nowadays, coffee is the second largest traded commodity in the world, after petroleum. Hence, coffee industry is responsible for the generation of large amounts of waste, especially spent coffee grounds (SCG). Various attempts to valorize this waste stream of coffee industry were made. This article summarizes our research and publications aiming at the conversion of SCG into valuable products - polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and carotenoids. At first, oil extracted from SCG (approx. 15 wt% oil in SCG) can be efficiently (YP/S=0.82 g/g) converted into PHA employing Cupriavidus necator H16. Further, the solid residues after oil extraction can be hydrolyzed (by the combination of chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis) yielding fermentable sugars, which can be further used as a substrate for the production of PHAs employing Bacillus megaterium (YP/S=0.04 g/g) or Burkholderia cepacia (YP/S=0.24 g/g). Alternatively, SCG hydrolysate can be used as a substrate for biotechnological production of carotenoids by carotenogenic yeast Sporobolomyces roseus. Solid residues after either oil extraction or hydrolysis can be used as fuel in industrial boilers to generate heat and energy. Therefore, entire biomass of SCG can be used for sustainable production of PHAs and/or carotenoids employing bio-refinery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Obruca
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Benesova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Kucera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sinisa Petrik
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Marova
- Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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