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Lian N, Tong J, Zhu W, Meng Q, Jiang M, Bian M, Li Y. Ligustrazine and liguzinediol protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocytes injury by inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:867-877. [PMID: 37574718 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Preventing or treating heart failure (HF) by blocking cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an effective strategy that improves survival and reduces ventricular remodelling and dysfunction in the chronic stage. Autophagy is a mechanism that degrades intracellular components and compensates for energy deficiency, which is commonly observed in cardiomyocytes of failed hearts. Cardiomyocytes activated by doxorubicin (DOX) exhibit strong autophagy. This study aims to investigate the potential protective effect of ligustrazine and its derivative liguzinediol on regulating DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and explore the use of the embryonic rat heart-derived myoblast cell line H9C2 for identifying novel treatments for HF. The results indicated that it has been demonstrated to reverse myocardial infarction remodelling in failed hearts by promoting autophagy in salvaged cardiomyocytes and anti-apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in granulation tissue. Our study suggests that ligustrazine and liguzinediol can be a promising agents and autophagy is potential pathway in the management of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Tong
- Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mianli Bian
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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2
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Nakvasina M, Holyavka M, Artyukhov V, Radchenko M, Lidokhova O. Mechanisms of UV-induced human lymphocyte apoptosis. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1257-1267. [PMID: 37974997 PMCID: PMC10643441 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The article reviews the results of the studies of marker parameters (indicators) of various pathways and mechanisms of apoptosis of lymphocytes in donor peripheral blood induced by UV light (240-390 nm) in doses of 151, 1510, and 3020 J/m2. The article analyses the processes of DNA fragmentation, distortion of the structural asymmetry of the cell membranes, changes in the degree of DNA damage (single-strand breaks), transcriptional factor р53, cytochrome с, Fas receptors (CD95), caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, reactive oxygen species, and calcium ions in UV modified cells. The study determined that programmed cell death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation with 1510 J/m2 involves the р53-dependent pathway of the nuclear mechanism, as well as receptor-mediated caspase mechanism, mitochondrial mechanism, and the mechanism associated with the defects in calcium homeostasis. Cell death is mediated by reactive oxygen and calcium ions. The article suggests a scheme of possible intracellular events resulting in the apoptotic death of lymphocytes after UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M.S. Radchenko
- Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, 394036 Russia
| | - O.V. Lidokhova
- Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, 394036 Russia
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3
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Motori E. Measurement of Nucleoid Size Using STED Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2615:107-117. [PMID: 36807788 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2922-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are equipped with their own DNA (mtDNA), which is packed into structures termed nucleoids . While nucleoids can be visualized in situ by fluorescence microscopy , the advent of super-resolution microscopy , and in particular of stimulated emission depletion (STED), has recently enabled the visualization of nucleoids at sub-diffraction resolution. Super-resolution microscopy has proved an invaluable tool for addressing fundamental questions in mitochondrial biology. In this chapter I describe how to achieve efficient labeling of mtDNA and how to quantify nucleoid diameter using an automated approach in fixed cultured cells by STED microscopy .
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Motori
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. .,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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4
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Modulation of mitochondria by viral proteins. Life Sci 2023; 313:121271. [PMID: 36526048 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic cellular organelles with diverse functions including energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, host innate immune signaling, and disease progression. Several viral proteins specifically target mitochondria to subvert host defense as mitochondria stand out as the most suitable target for the invading viruses. They have acquired the capability to control apoptosis, metabolic state, and evade immune responses in host cells, by targeting mitochondria. In this way, the viruses successfully allow the spread of viral progeny and thus the infection. Viruses employ their proteins to alter mitochondrial dynamics and their specific functions by a modulation of membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial bioenergetics to help them achieve a state of persistent infection. A better understanding of such viral proteins and their impact on mitochondrial forms and functions is the main focus of this review. We also attempt to emphasize the importance of exploring the role of mitochondria in the context of SARS-CoV2 pathogenesis and identify host-virus protein interactions.
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Chen Z, Wang H, Hu B, Chen X, Zheng M, Liang L, Lyu J, Zeng Q. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) ameliorates sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and improving the mitochondrial function. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66:3412. [PMID: 35726572 PMCID: PMC9251609 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has a role in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), so the restoration of normal mitochondrial homeostasis may be an effective treatment strategy. Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a main regulator of cell-redox homeostasis, and recent studies reported that NRF2 activation helped to preserve mitochondrial morphology and function under conditions of stress. However, the role of NRF2 in the process of S-AKI is still not well understood. The present study investigated whether NRF2 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and influences mitochondrial function in S-AKI. We demonstrated activation of NRF2 in an in vitro model: lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge of ductal epithelial cells of rat renal tubules (NRK-52e cells), and an in vivo model: cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) of rats. Over-expression of NRF2 attenuated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response; enhanced mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis; and mitigated mitochondrial damage in the in vitro model. In vivo experiments showed that rats treated with an NRF2 agonist had higher adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, lower blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, fewer renal histopathological changes, and higher expression of mitophagy-related proteins [PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PRKN), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 II (LC3 II)] and mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM)]. Electron microscopy of kidney tissues showed that mitochondrial damage was alleviated by treatment with an NRF2 agonist, and the opposite response occurred upon treatment with an NRF2 antagonist. Overall, our findings suggest that mitochondria have an important role in the pathogenesis of S-AKI, and that NRF2 activation restored mitochondrial homeostasis and function in the presence of this disease. This mitochondrial pathway has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of S-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Huili Wang
- Department of Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Lili Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
| | - Juanjuan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan.
| | - Qiyi Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong.
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A Novel Selenium Polysaccharide Alleviates the Manganese (Mn)-Induced Toxicity in Hep G2 Cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084097. [PMID: 35456914 PMCID: PMC9029073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is now known to have a variety of toxicities, particularly when exposed to it in the workplace. However, there are still ineffective methods for reducing Mn's hazardous effects. In this study, a new selenium polysaccharide (Se-PCS) was developed from the shell of Camellia oleifera to reduce Mn toxicity in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that Se-PCS may boost cell survival in Hep G2 cells exposed to Mn and activate antioxidant enzyme activity, lowering ROS and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, after being treated with Se-PCS, Caenorhabditis elegans survived longer under Mn stress. daf-16, a tolerant critical gene, was turned on. Moreover, the antioxidant system was enhanced as the increase in strong antioxidant enzyme activity and high expression of the sod-3, ctl-2, and gst-1 genes. A variety of mutations were also used to confirm that Se-PCS downregulated the insulin signaling pathway. These findings showed that Se-PCS protected Hep G2 cells and C. elegans via the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway and that it could be developed into a promising medication to treat Mn toxicity.
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Zhao G, Zhao X, Song Y, Haire A, Dilixiati A, Liu Z, Zhao S, Aihemaiti A, Fu X, Wusiman A. Effect of L-citrulline Supplementation on Sperm Characteristics and Hormonal and Antioxidant Levels in Blood and Seminal Plasma of Rams. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:722-733. [PMID: 35262979 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of L-citrulline (L-Cit) in animal husbandry, the effects of L-Cit on reproductive hormone levels, antioxidant capacity, and semen quality of rams were studied by feeding them varying doses of L-Cit. A total of 32 rams were randomly divided into four groups with eight rams each. After all rams were trained to donate sperm normally, the control group was fed a basic diet, whereas the experimental groups I, II, and III were provided with feed supplemented with 4, 8, and 12 g/d of L-Cit, respectively.The experiment was conducted for 70 days, during which blood samples were collected from the jugular vein on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60, and semen samples were collected on days 0, 20, 40, and 60. In the same group, 100 µL of semen was used to test for quality, The rest of the semen sample and blood samples were centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 15 min, and the supernatant and serum, respectively, were used to determine the levels reproductive hormones and antioxidant indices. Ram semen samples were also collected on day 70 and used to study sperm plasma membrane, substitution, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with the control group, the groups receiving L-Cit showed an increase in sperm concentration and number of linear motile sperm (P < 0.01); decrease in the number of dead sperm (P < 0.01); increase in sperm viability, particularly in groups II and III (P < 0.01); and increase in sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01). Moreover, groups I, II, and III showed significantly higher levels of serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and nitric oxide (NO) (P < 0.01). Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels increased in groups I (P < 0.05), II (P < 0.05), and III (P < 0.01), whereas testosterone (T), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels increased in groups I and II (P < 0.01). Serum total antioxidant capacity (T-A) increased (P < 0.05), whereas both hydroxyl radical (·OH) and peroxy radical (O2·-) levels decreased (P < 0.01). Compared with the control, all groups had significantly higher SOD and GSH-Px in their seminal plasma (P < 0.01), and groups I, II (P < 0.05 for both), and III (P < 0.01) had higher levels of GnRH and FSH. LH, CAT, and NO levels increased in group I (P < 0.05), II, and III (P < 0.01 for both); malondialdehyde levels decreased in groups I, II (P < 0.05 for both), and group III (P < 0.01); and O2·- levels decreased in groups I, II, and III (P < 0.01). Under our experimental conditions, GnRH, FSH, LH, T, CAT, SOD, T-A, GSH-PX , and NO levels in the serum and seminal plasma of rams receiving L-Cit increased, whereas Estradiol(E2 ), O2· - and ·OH levels in the seminal plasma decreased; this improved the semen quality of rams supplemented with L-Cit. Moreover, supplementation with 12 g/d gave the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Yukun Song
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Aerman Haire
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Airixiati Dilixiati
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Shangshang Zhao
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Aikebaier Aihemaiti
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Abulizi Wusiman
- Laboratory of Animal genetic breeding & reproduction, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi, 830052, China
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8
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Prakash C, Chhikara S, Kumar V. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Arsenic-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Pathogenic and Therapeutic Implications. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:261-270. [PMID: 33566285 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital cellular organelles associated with energy production as well as cell signaling pathways. These organelles, responsible for metabolism, are highly abundant in hepatocytes that make them key players in hepatotoxicity. The literature suggests that mitochondria are targeted by various environmental pollutants. Arsenic, a toxic metalloid known as an environmental pollutant, readily contaminates drinking water and exerts toxic effects. It is toxic to various cellular organs; among them, the liver seems to be most affected. A growing body of evidence suggests that within cells, arsenic is highly toxic to mitochondria and reported to cause oxidative stress and alter an array of signaling pathways and functions. Hence, it is imperative to highlight the mechanisms associated with altered mitochondrial functions and integrity in arsenic-induced liver toxicity. This review provides the details of mechanistic aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity as well as various ameliorative measures undertaken concerning mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Chhikara
- Applied Sciences, UIET, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India.
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9
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Duan R, Li L, Yan H, He M, Gao K, Xing S, Ji H, Wang J, Cao B, Li D, Xie H, Zhao S, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Xiao J, Gu Q, Li M, Zheng X, Chen L, Wang J. Novel Insight into the Potential Pathogenicity of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Resulting from PLP1 Duplication Mutations in Patients with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease. Neuroscience 2021; 476:60-71. [PMID: 34506833 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the hypomyelinating leukodystrophies, Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a representative disorder. The disease is caused by different types of PLP1 mutations, among which PLP1 duplication accounts for ∼70% of the mutations. Previous studies have shown that PLP1 duplications lead to PLP1 retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); in parallel, recent studies have demonstrated that PLP1 duplication can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. As such, the respective roles and interactions of the ER and mitochondria in the pathogenesis of PLP1 duplication are not clear. In both PLP1 patients' and healthy fibroblasts, we measured mitochondrial respiration with a Seahorse XF Extracellular Analyzer and examined the interactions between the ER and mitochondria with super-resolution microscopy (spinning-disc pinhole-based structured illumination microscopy, SD-SIM). For the first time, we demonstrated that PLP1 duplication mutants had closer ER-mitochondrion interfaces mediated through structural and morphological changes in both the ER and mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). These changes in both the ER and mitochondria then led to mitochondrial dysfunction, as reported previously. This work highlights the roles of MAMs in bridging PLP1 expression in the ER and pathogenic dysfunction in mitochondria, providing novel insight into the pathogenicity of mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from PLP1 duplication. These findings suggest that interactions between the ER and mitochondria may underlie pathogenic mechanisms of hypomyelinating leukodystrophies diseases at the organelle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Liuju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huifang Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shijia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haoran Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jianyong Wang
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Binbin Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Shiqun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jiangxi Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaolu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation (BICI), Beijing 100094, China.
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Study on Pediatric Genetic Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100083, China.
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10
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Chen K, Wang Y, Deng X, Guo L, Wu C. Extracellular matrix stiffness regulates mitochondrial dynamics through PINCH-1- and kindlin-2-mediated signalling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crcbio.2021.100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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11
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Chen YF, Chang CH, Hsu MW, Chang HM, Chen YC, Jiang YS, Jan JS. Peptide Fibrillar Assemblies Exhibit Membranolytic Effects and Antimetastatic Activity on Lung Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3836-3846. [PMID: 32790281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a central oncology concern that worsens patient conditions and increases mortality in a short period of time. During metastatic events, mitochondria undergo specific physiological alterations that have emerged as notable therapeutic targets to counter cancer progression. In this study, we use drug-free, cationic peptide fibrillar assemblies (PFAs) formed by poly(L-Lysine)-block-poly(L-Threonine) (Lys-b-Thr) to target mitochondria. These PFAs interact with cellular and mitochondrial membranes via electrostatic interactions, resulting in membranolysis. Charge repulsion and hydrogen-bonding interactions exerted by Lys and Thr segments dictate the packing of the peptides and enable the PFAs to display enhanced membranolytic activity toward cancer cells. Cytochrome c (cyt c), endonuclease G, and apoptosis-inducing factor were released from mitochondria after treatment of lung cancer cells, subsequently inducing caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways. A metastatic xenograft mouse model was used to show how the PFAs significantly suppressed lung metastasis and inhibited tumor growth, while avoiding significant body weight loss and mortality. Antimetastatic activities of PFAs are also demonstrated by in vitro inhibition of lung cancer cell migration and clonogenesis. Our results imply that the cationic PFAs achieved the intended and targeted mitochondrial damage, providing an efficient antimetastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fon Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ho-Min Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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12
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Yang S, Wang X, Duan C, Zhang J. A novel approach combining metabolomics and molecular pharmacology to study the effect of Gei Herba on mouse hematopoietic function. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110437. [PMID: 32768939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gei Herba, Chinese named Lanbuzheng (LBZ), is a traditional Chinese medicine promotes hematopoiesis, yet the underlying mechanism for this effect remains largely unknown. In the present study, a novel approach combining LC-MS metabolomics and molecular pharmacology was developed to investigate the hematopoietic effect and mechanism of LBZ on hematopoietic dysfunction (HD) caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX) in treated mice. The results show that LBZ can reduce damage in the spleen, a result consistent with the peripheral hemogram. Fourteen potential biomarkers were identified in the spleen by metabolic profiles analysis, including 5-hydroxymethyluracil, ascorbalamic acid, adenosine 5'-monophosphate, menadiol disulfate, l-homocysteine sulfonic acid and l-carnitine. Change in biomarker levels suggest that LBZ mainly affects β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids, oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and carnitine synthesis, and those metabolites produced along with related metabolic pathways are closely associated with anti-apoptosis. A molecular pharmacology approach was simultaneously developed to examine accompanying cellular signaling mechanisms. LBZ activates PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and granulocyte-colony-stimulating-factor (G-CSF)-mediated Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/transcription 3 (STAT3), resulting in inhibiting the release of cytochrome c. Further, LBZ inhibits caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis mediated by caspase-9 and caspase-3. LBZ can thus reduce CTX-induced HD via G-CSF-mediated JAK2/STAT3 signaling and PI3K/Akt mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways. The present study combines metabolomic and molecular pharmacological methods to elucidate mechanisms for the protective effect of LBZ on mouse HD following CTX-induced damage. This approach may be useful for exploring mechanisms of action of other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Pharmcy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Zunyi Insitute of Products Quality Inspection and Testing, Zunyi, 56300, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Pharmcy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 56300,China
| | - Cancan Duan
- Department of Pharmcy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 56300,China.
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- Department of Pharmcy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China; Key Lab Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 56300,China.
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Feng ST, Wang ZZ, Yuan YH, Wang XL, Sun HM, Chen NH, Zhang Y. Dynamin-related protein 1: A protein critical for mitochondrial fission, mitophagy, and neuronal death in Parkinson’s disease. Pharmacol Res 2020; 151:104553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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McAvoy K, Kawamata H. Glial mitochondrial function and dysfunction in health and neurodegeneration. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103417. [PMID: 31678567 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential metabolic roles in neural cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction has profound effects on the brain. In primary mitochondrial diseases, mutations that impair specific oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins or OXPHOS assembly factors lead to isolated biochemical defects and a heterogeneous group of clinical phenotypes, including mitochondrial encephalopathies. A broader defect of OXPHOS function, due to mutations in proteins involved in mitochondrial DNA maintenance, mitochondrial biogenesis, or mitochondrial tRNAs can also underlie severe mitochondrial encephalopathies. While primary mitochondrial dysfunction causes rare genetic forms of neurological disorders, secondary mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of some of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Many studies have investigated mitochondrial function and dysfunction in bulk central nervous system (CNS) tissue. However, the interpretation of these studies has been often complicated by the extreme cellular heterogeneity of the CNS, which includes many different types of neurons and glial cells. Because neurons are especially dependent on OXPHOS for ATP generation, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be directly involved in cell autonomous neuronal demise. Despite being metabolically more flexible than neurons, glial mitochondria also play an essential role in the function of the CNS, and have adapted specific metabolic and mitochondrial features to support their diversity of functions. This review analyzes our current understanding and the gaps in knowledge of mitochondrial properties of glia and how they affect neuronal functions, in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McAvoy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hibiki Kawamata
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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15
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Walewska A, Kulawiak B, Szewczyk A, Koprowski P. Mechanosensitivity of mitochondrial large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:797-805. [PMID: 29775559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels have been discovered in the inner mitochondrial membrane of various cells. These channels can regulate the mitochondrial membrane potential, the matrix volume, respiration and reactive species generation. Therefore, it is believed that their activation is cytoprotective in various tissues. In our study, the single-channel activity of a large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (mitoBKCa) was measured by the patch-clamp technique on mitoplasts derived from mitochondria isolated from human glioma U-87 MG cells. Here, we show for the first time that mechanical stimulation of mitoBKCa channels results in an increased probability of channel opening. However, the mechanosensitivity of mitoBKCa channels was variable with some channels exhibiting no mechanosensitivity. We detected the expression of mechanosensitive BKCa-STREX exon in U-87 MG cells and hypotesize, based on previous studies demonstrating the presence of multiple BKCa splice variants that variable mechanosensitivity of mitoBKCa could be the result of the presence of diverse BKCa isoforms in mitochondria of U-87 MG cells. Our findings indicate the possible involvement of the mitoBKCa channel in mitochondria activities in which changes in membrane tension and shape play a crucial role, such as fusion/fission and cristae remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Walewska
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogusz Kulawiak
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Koprowski
- Laboratory of Intracellular Ion Channels, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Gillis K, Clor J, Khan A, Tyagarajan K. Multiplexed approaches correlating mitochondrial health to cell health using microcapillary cytometry. Methods 2018; 134-135:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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17
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Liu H, Yu C, Xu T, Zhang X, Dong M. Synergistic protective effect of paeoniflorin and β-ecdysterone against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Apoptosis 2018; 21:1354-1365. [PMID: 27688248 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are several factors, like oxidative stress and neurons loss, involving neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The combination of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent is becoming a promising approach to fight against PD. This study evaluates the hypothesis that paeoniflorin (PF) and β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd) synergize to protect PC12 cells against toxicity induced by PD-related neurotoxin rotenone. The combination of PF and β-Ecd, hereafter referred to as the PF/β-Ecd, at suboptimal concentrations increased the viability of rotenone-exposed PC12 cells in a synergistic manner. PF and β-Ecd cooperate to attenuate the rotenone-induced apoptosis by decrease in Bax expression, caspase-9 activity, and caspase-3 activity. PF or PF/β-Ecd, but not β-Ecd, inhibited rotenone-triggered protein kinase C-δkinase C-δ (PKCδ) upregulation and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. β-Ecd or PF/β-Ecd, but not PF, enhanced serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) activation, promoted nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation, suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Neuroprotection of PF/β-Ecd could be completely blocked by PKCδ inhibitor rottlerin plus Akt specific inhibitor LY294002. Dual blockade of the PKCδ/NF-κB pathway by PF and activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathway by β-Ecd results in a synergistic neuroprotective effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. These findings provide the rationale for determining the in vivo activity of combined therapy with PF and β-Ecd against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Chunlei Yu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, 333 BuKui Street, JianHua District, Qiqihar, 161006, China.
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18
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Rocha S, Freitas A, Guimaraes SC, Vitorino R, Aroso M, Gomez-Lazaro M. Biological Implications of Differential Expression of Mitochondrial-Shaping Proteins in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 7:E1. [PMID: 29267236 PMCID: PMC5789311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been accepted that mitochondrial function and morphology is affected in Parkinson's disease, and that mitochondrial function can be directly related to its morphology. So far, mitochondrial morphological alterations studies, in the context of this neurodegenerative disease, have been performed through microscopic methodologies. The goal of the present work is to address if the modifications in the mitochondrial-shaping proteins occurring in this disorder have implications in other cellular pathways, which might constitute important pathways for the disease progression. To do so, we conducted a novel approach through a thorough exploration of the available proteomics-based studies in the context of Parkinson's disease. The analysis provided insight into the altered biological pathways affected by changes in the expression of mitochondrial-shaping proteins via different bioinformatic tools. Unexpectedly, we observed that the mitochondrial-shaping proteins altered in the context of Parkinson's disease are, in the vast majority, related to the organization of the mitochondrial cristae. Conversely, in the studies that have resorted to microscopy-based techniques, the most widely reported alteration in the context of this disorder is mitochondria fragmentation. Cristae membrane organization is pivotal for mitochondrial ATP production, and changes in their morphology have a direct impact on the organization and function of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. To understand which biological processes are affected by the alteration of these proteins we analyzed the binding partners of the mitochondrial-shaping proteins that were found altered in Parkinson's disease. We showed that the binding partners fall into seven different cellular components, which include mitochondria, proteasome, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), amongst others. It is noteworthy that, by evaluating the biological process in which these modified proteins are involved, we showed that they are related to the production and metabolism of ATP, immune response, cytoskeleton alteration, and oxidative stress, amongst others. In summary, with our bioinformatics approach using the data on the modified proteins in Parkinson's disease patients, we were able to relate the alteration of mitochondrial-shaping proteins to modifications of crucial cellular pathways affected in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Freitas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- FMUP-Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sofia C Guimaraes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Aroso
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Gomez-Lazaro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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19
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Yu L, Wang X, Chen ZF, Jiang B, Shang DY, Sun YX, Yang JH, Zhang LF, Ji YB. Cytisine induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3363-3370. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Wang Y, Peng X, Yang Z, Zhao W, Xu W, Hao J, Wu W, Shen XL, Luo Y, Huang K. iTRAQ Mitoproteome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Induced by Ochratoxin A. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9050167. [PMID: 28524096 PMCID: PMC5450715 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9050167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most common and dangerous mycotoxins in the world. Previous work indicated that OTA could elicit spontaneous HR-like lesions formation Arabidopsis thaliana, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in OTA toxicity, and their major endogenous source is mitochondria. However, there has been no evidence as to whether OTA induces directly PCD in plants until now. In this study, the presence of OTA in Arabidopsisthaliana leaves triggered accelerated respiration, increased production of mitochondrial ROS, the opening of ROS-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pores and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as well as the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. There were 42 and 43 significantly differentially expressed proteins identified in response to exposure to OTA for 8 and 24 h, respectively, according to iTRAQ analysis. These proteins were mainly involved in perturbation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, interfering with ATP synthesis and inducing PCD. Digital gene expression data at transcriptional level was consistent with the cell death induced by OTA being PCD. These results indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was a prerequisite for OTA-induced PCD and the initiation and execution of PCD via a mitochondrial-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.W.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhuojun Yang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Junran Hao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Weihong Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Xiao Li Shen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.X.); (Y.L.)
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.P.); (Z.Y.); (W.Z.); (J.H.); (W.W.); (X.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8793
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21
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Picca A, Pesce V, Sirago G, Fracasso F, Leeuwenburgh C, Lezza AMS. "What makes some rats live so long?" The mitochondrial contribution to longevity through balance of mitochondrial dynamics and mtDNA content. Exp Gerontol 2016; 85:33-40. [PMID: 27620821 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extremely interesting for aging research are those individuals able to reach older ages still with functions similar to those of younger counterparts. We examined liver samples from ad libitum-fed old (28-month-old, AL-28) and ad libitum-fed very old (32-month-old, AL-32) rats for a number of markers, relevant for mitochondrial functionality and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. As for the mtDNA content and the protein amounts of the citrate synthase and the antioxidant peroxiredoxin III there were no significant changes in the AL-32 animals. No significant longevity-related change was found for TFAM amount, but a 50% reduction in the amount of the Lon protease, responsible for turnover of TFAM inside mitochondria, characterized the AL-32 rats. No longevity-related change was observed also for the amounts of the mtDNA repair enzymes OGG1 and APE1, whereas the intra-mitochondrial amount of the cytochrome c protein showed a 50% increase in the AL-32 rats, indicating a likely reduced initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Totally unexpected was the doubling of two proteins, very relevant for mitochondrial dynamics, namely MFN2 and DRP1, in the AL-32 rats. This prompted us to the calculation of all individual fusion indexes that grouped together in the AL-32 rats, while in the AL-28 animals were very different. We found a strong positive correlation between the fusion indexes and the respective mtDNA contents in two AL-28 and four AL-32 rats. This supports the idea that the limited prevalence of fusion above a still active fission should have ensured a functional mitochondrial network and should have led to a quite narrow range of high mtDNA contents, likely the best-suitable for extended longevity. Our findings strongly suggest that, among the multiple causes leading to the longevity of the AL-32 rats, the maintenance of an adult-like balance of mitochondrial dynamics seems to be very relevant for the regulation of mtDNA content and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sirago
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Fracasso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32611, (USA)
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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22
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Corrado M, Mariotti FR, Trapani L, Taraborrelli L, Nazio F, Cianfanelli V, Soriano ME, Schrepfer E, Cecconi F, Scorrano L, Campello S. Macroautophagy inhibition maintains fragmented mitochondria to foster T cell receptor-dependent apoptosis. EMBO J 2016; 35:1793-809. [PMID: 27390127 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics and functionality are linked to the autophagic degradative pathway under several stress conditions. However, the interplay between mitochondria and autophagy upon cell death signalling remains unclear. The T-cell receptor pathway signals the so-called activation-induced cell death (AICD) essential for immune tolerance regulation. Here, we show that this apoptotic pathway requires the inhibition of macroautophagy. Protein kinase-A activation downstream of T-cell receptor signalling inhibits macroautophagy upon AICD induction. This leads to the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which are fragmented, display remodelled cristae and release cytochrome c, thereby driving apoptosis. Autophagy-forced reactivation that clears the Parkin-decorated mitochondria is as effective in inhibiting apoptosis as genetic interference with cristae remodelling and cytochrome c release. Thus, upon AICD induction regulation of macroautophagy, rather than selective mitophagy, ensures apoptotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Emilie Schrepfer
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Deng X, Deng T, Ni Y, Zhan Y, Huang W, Liu J, Liao C. Cytochrome c modulates the mitochondrial signaling pathway and polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis in bile duct-ligated rats. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:333-342. [PMID: 27347059 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been observed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) increase in number and function during obstructive jaundice (OJ). However, the precise mechanisms underlying PMN apoptosis during OJ remain poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modulation of cytochrome c (Cytc) on the mitochondrial signaling pathway in bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats and the effect on PMN apoptosis following the intravenous administration of Cytc. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: A control group, a sham group, a BDL group and a BDL + Cytc group (rats with common bile duct ligation as well as Cytc intravenous injection). Blood samples were collected from the inferior vein cava for biochemical analysis and separation of the PMN. PMN apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of PMN was detected by rhodamine-123 staining. The Cytc protein expression levels were examined using western blotting. PMN mitochondria were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The results of the present study revealed that the PMN apoptosis rate in rats decreased gradually from 12 to 72 h following BDL to levels that were significantly lower than those of the control group and the sham group. Compared with the corresponding time point of the BDL group, the BDL + Cytc group showed a significantly increased PMN apoptosis rate. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ΔΨm decreased from 12 to 72 h following BDL, and was significantly increased compared with the control and sham groups. MFI in the BDL + Cytc group was higher compared with that in the BDL group. Cytc expression levels increased in the mitochondria and decreased in the cytoplasm from the 12 to 72 h in the BDL group, which was significantly different from that in the control and sham groups at the corresponding time points. Compared with the BDL group, Cytc expression levels in the cytoplasm for the BDL + Cytc group tended to gradually and significantly increase. Morphological changes in PMN mitochondria were marginal in BDL rats and marked in the BDL + Cytc group. In the BDL rats, PMN apoptosis was inhibited, a process induced by the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in which Cytc has an important role. High ΔΨm in the mitochondria and decreased Cytc expression levels in the cytoplasm result in PMN apoptosis inhibition. Intravenous injection of Cytc may help compensate for the lack of Cytc proteins in the cytoplasm, inducing PMN apoptosis following BDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Tongming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518102, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, P.R. China
| | - Caixian Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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24
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Osellame LD, Singh AP, Stroud DA, Palmer CS, Stojanovski D, Ramachandran R, Ryan MT. Cooperative and independent roles of the Drp1 adaptors Mff, MiD49 and MiD51 in mitochondrial fission. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2170-81. [PMID: 27076521 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.185165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1, also known as DNM1L) is required for both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Drp1-dependent division of these organelles is facilitated by a number of adaptor proteins at mitochondrial and peroxisomal surfaces. To investigate the interplay of these adaptor proteins, we used gene-editing technology to create a suite of cell lines lacking the adaptors MiD49 (also known as MIEF2), MiD51 (also known as MIEF1), Mff and Fis1. Increased mitochondrial connectivity was observed following loss of individual adaptors, and this was further enhanced following the combined loss of MiD51 and Mff. Moreover, loss of adaptors also conferred increased resistance of cells to intrinsic apoptotic stimuli, with MiD49 and MiD51 showing the more prominent role. Using a proximity-based biotin labeling approach, we found close associations between MiD51, Mff and Drp1, but not Fis1. Furthermore, we found that MiD51 can suppress Mff-dependent enhancement of Drp1 GTPase activity. Our data indicates that Mff and MiD51 regulate Drp1 in specific ways to promote mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Osellame
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Abeer P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
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Otera H, Miyata N, Kuge O, Mihara K. Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission via MiD49/51 is essential for apoptotic cristae remodeling. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:531-44. [PMID: 26903540 PMCID: PMC4772499 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201508099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission through MiD49 and MiD51, but not through Mff, is essential for cristae remodeling to facilitate cytochrome c release during the early phase of intrinsic apoptosis. Mitochondrial fission facilitates cytochrome c release from the intracristae space into the cytoplasm during intrinsic apoptosis, although how the mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 and its mitochondrial receptors Mff, MiD49, and MiD51 are involved in this reaction remains elusive. Here, we analyzed the functional division of these receptors with their knockout (KO) cell lines. In marked contrast to Mff-KO cells, MiD49/MiD51-KO and Drp1-KO cells completely resisted cristae remodeling and cytochrome c release during apoptosis. This phenotype in MiD49/51-KO cells, but not Drp1-KO cells, was completely abolished by treatments disrupting cristae structure such as OPA1 depletion. Unexpectedly, OPA1 oligomers generally thought to resist cytochrome c release by stabilizing the cristae structure were similarly disassembled in Drp1-KO and MiD49/51-KO cells, indicating that disassembly of OPA1 oligomers is not directly linked to cristae remodeling for cytochrome c release. Together, these results indicate that Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission through MiD49/MiD51 regulates cristae remodeling during intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Otera
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Non Miyata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Kuge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Mihara
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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26
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Abstract
Since the discovery of the existence of superassemblies between mitochondrial respiratory complexes, such superassemblies have been the object of a passionate debate. It is accepted that respiratory supercomplexes are structures that occur in vivo, although which superstructures are naturally occurring and what could be their functional role remain open questions. The main difficulty is to make compatible the existence of superassemblies with the corpus of data that drove the field to abandon the early understanding of the physical arrangement of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as a compact physical entity (the solid model). This review provides a nonexhaustive overview of the evolution of our understanding of the structural organization of the electron transport chain from the original idea of a compact organization to a view of freely moving complexes connected by electron carriers. Today supercomplexes are viewed not as a revival of the old solid model but rather as a refined revision of the fluid model, which incorporates a new layer of structural and functional complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Enríquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Prakash C, Soni M, Kumar V. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:179-88. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Manisha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry; Maharshi Dayanand University; Rohtak 124001 Haryana India
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29
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Early effects of the antineoplastic agent salinomycin on mitochondrial function. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1930. [PMID: 26492365 PMCID: PMC4632293 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinomycin, isolated from Streptomyces albus, displays antimicrobial activity. Recently, a large-scale screening approach identified salinomycin and nigericin as selective apoptosis inducers of cancer stem cells. Growing evidence suggests that salinomycin is able to kill different types of non-stem tumor cells that usually display resistance to common therapeutic approaches, but the mechanism of action of this molecule is still poorly understood. Since salinomycin has been suggested to act as a K(+) ionophore, we explored its impact on mitochondrial bioenergetic performance at an early time point following drug application. In contrast to the K(+) ionophore valinomycin, salinomycin induced a rapid hyperpolarization. In addition, mitochondrial matrix acidification and a significant decrease of respiration were observed in intact mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and in cancer stem cell-like HMLE cells within tens of minutes, while increased production of reactive oxygen species was not detected. By comparing the chemical structures and cellular effects of this drug with those of valinomycin (K(+) ionophore) and nigericin (K(+)/H(+) exchanger), we conclude that salinomycin mediates K(+)/H(+) exchange across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Compatible with its direct modulation of mitochondrial function, salinomycin was able to induce cell death also in Bax/Bak-less double-knockout MEF cells. Since at the concentration range used in most studies (around 10 μM) salinomycin exerts its effect at the level of mitochondria and alters bioenergetic performance, the specificity of its action on pathologic B cells isolated from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) versus B cells from healthy subjects was investigated. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), proposed to mimic the tumor environment, attenuated the apoptotic effect of salinomycin on B-CLL cells. Apoptosis occurred to a significant extent in healthy B cells as well as in MSCs and human primary fibroblasts. The results indicate that salinomycin, when used above μM concentrations, exerts direct, mitochondrial effects, thus compromising cell survival.
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Bertholet AM, Delerue T, Millet AM, Moulis MF, David C, Daloyau M, Arnauné-Pelloquin L, Davezac N, Mils V, Miquel MC, Rojo M, Belenguer P. Mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics in neurodegeneration and neuronal plasticity. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 90:3-19. [PMID: 26494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually move, fuse and divide. The dynamic balance of fusion and fission of mitochondria determines their morphology and allows their immediate adaptation to energetic needs, keeps mitochondria in good health by restoring or removing damaged organelles or precipitates cells in apoptosis in cases of severe defects. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential in mammals and their disturbances are associated with several diseases. However, while mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics, and the proteins that control these processes, are ubiquitous, associated diseases are primarily neurological disorders. Accordingly, inactivation of the main actors of mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics is associated with defects in neuronal development, plasticity and functioning, both ex vivo and in vivo. Here, we present the central actors of mitochondrial fusion and fission and review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neuronal physiology and pathophysiology. Particular emphasis is placed on the three main actors of these processes i.e. DRP1,MFN1-2, and OPA1 as well as on GDAP1, a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane preferentially expressed in neurons. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria & Brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Bertholet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - T Delerue
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A M Millet
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M F Moulis
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C David
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Daloyau
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Arnauné-Pelloquin
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - N Davezac
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - V Mils
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M C Miquel
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Rojo
- CNRS, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires (IBGC), UMR5095, Bordeaux, France.
| | - P Belenguer
- Université de Toulouse, Centre de Biologie du Développement, CNRS, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; CNRS, Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR5547/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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31
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Mechanisms and physiological impact of the dual localization of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:952-8. [PMID: 25109985 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells developed diverse mechanisms to guide proteins to more than one destination within the cell. Recently, the proteome of the IMS (intermembrane space) of mitochondria of yeast cells was identified showing that approximately 20% of all soluble IMS proteins are dually localized to the IMS, as well as to other cellular compartments. Half of these dually localized proteins are important for oxidative stress defence and the other half are involved in energy homoeostasis. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to the dual localization of IMS proteins and the implications for mitochondrial function.
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32
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Dong Z, Tao X, Fu X, Wang H, Wang D, Zhang T. Protective effects of Purendan superfine powder on retinal neuron apoptosis in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:202-6. [PMID: 25767500 PMCID: PMC4353115 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of Purendan superfine powder comprised of Momordica charantia, Radix Ginseng, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhiae on neuronal apoptosis and expression of bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3, which are retinal apoptosis-associated factors in rats with diabetes mellitus induced by continuous intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The results showed that Purendan superfine powder could upregulate the expression of bcl-2 protein and mRNA, and downregulate the expression of bax and caspase-3 in the retina of diabetes mellitus rats. In addition, Purendan superfine powder was shown to reduce the number of apoptotic neurons. Our experimental findings indicate that Purendan superfine powder can inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the retina of diabetes mellitus rats and has protective effects on diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangyi Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Tiemin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chengde Medical College Affiliated Hospital, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
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33
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Li L, Yu Q, Liang W. Molecular pathways of mitochondrial dysfunctions: Possible cause of cell death in anesthesia-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Brain Res Bull 2015; 110:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kasahara A, Scorrano L. Mitochondria: from cell death executioners to regulators of cell differentiation. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:761-70. [PMID: 25189346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most, if not all mitochondrial functions, including adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) production and regulation of apoptosis and Ca(2+) homeostasis, are inextricably linked to mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, a process controlled by a family of GTP-dependent dynamin related 'mitochondria-shaping' proteins. Mitochondrial fusion and fission directly influence mitochondrial metabolism, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, autophagy, muscular atrophy and cell migration. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence indicating that mitochondrial dynamics influence complex signaling pathways, affect gene expression and define cell differentiation. These findings extend the importance of mitochondria to developmental biology, far beyond their mere bioenergetic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kasahara
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy; Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy.
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35
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Ma J, Zheng J, Li Y, Zhang S, Bai D, Zou H, Han C. CXCL12 induces lung cancer cell migration by polarized mtDNA redistribution. Hum Cell 2014; 27:22-8. [PMID: 24022841 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-013-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Instability of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been associated with the initiation and development of cancer, but the specific role of mtDNA in the invasiveness and migration of cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the chemokine CXCL12 causes intact mitochondria to redistribute in cancer cells and, in this way, to increase cell invasiveness and migration. A549 lung cancer cells with intact mtDNA (mtDNA+) and ρ(0)A549 cells depleted of mtDNA (mtDNA-) by long-term ethidium bromide incubation were examined for their responses to CXCL12 in a transwell migration assay and for mitochondrial distribution by fluorescence microscopy. Intact A549 cells showed significantly increased migration and increased polar distribution of mitochondria (asymmetry)in response to CXCL12. However, ρ(0)A549 cells showed no changes in mitochondrial distribution in response to CXCL12, and only a few ρ(0)A549 cells migrated across the transwell membrane after CXCL12 treatment. These results demonstrate that, in A549 lung cancer cells, intact mitochondrial DNA is necessary for mitochondrial redistribution and a chemotactic response to CXCL12.
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36
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Ji CF, Ji YB. Apoptosis of human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells induced by podophyllotoxin. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1317-1322. [PMID: 24940431 PMCID: PMC3991486 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that podophyllotoxin and its derivatives exhibit antitumor effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate SGC-7901 cell apoptosis and the underlying mechanism induced by podophyllotoxin. SGC-7901 cells were treated with varying concentrations of podophyllotoxin. MTT assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of podophyllotoxin on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, while fluorescence inverted microscopy was used to observe the morphology of SGC-7901 cells that had been dyed with Hoechst 33258. In addition, laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to analyze the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of SGC-7901 cells dyed with Rhodamine 123. Western blotting was performed to analyze the expression levels of cytochrome c (cyt-c), caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the SGC-7901 cells. The results indicated that podophyllotoxin was capable of inhibiting growth and inducing the apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent manner, causing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. After 48 h of treatment, the apoptotic morphology of SGC-7901 cells was clear, exhibiting cell protuberance, concentrated cytoplasms and apoptotic bodies. Following 24 h of treatment, the MMP of the SGC-7901 cells decreased. In addition, after 48 h, the expression of cyt-c was shown to be upregulated, while the expression levels of pro-caspase-9 and pro-caspase-3 in the SGC-7901 cells were shown to be downregulated. In conclusion, apoptosis can be induced in SGC-7901 cells by podophyllotoxin, potentially via a mitochondrial pathway, indicating that podophyllotoxin may be a potent agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Feng Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China ; Center of Research on Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China ; Center of Research on Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, P.R. China
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37
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Mitochondrial ion channels as oncological targets. Oncogene 2014; 33:5569-81. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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38
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Allagnat F, Klee P, Cardozo AK, Meda P, Haefliger JA. Connexin36 contributes to INS-1E cells survival through modulation of cytokine-induced oxidative stress, ER stress and AMPK activity. Cell Death Differ 2013; 20:1742-52. [PMID: 24096873 PMCID: PMC3824597 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by gap junctions made of Connexin36 (Cx36) contributes to pancreatic β-cell function. We have recently demonstrated that Cx36 also supports β-cell survival by a still unclear mechanism. Using specific Cx36 siRNAs or adenoviral vectors, we now show that Cx36 downregulation promotes apoptosis in INS-1E cells exposed to the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ) involved at the onset of type 1 diabetes, whereas Cx36 overexpression protects against this effect. Cx36 overexpression also protects INS-1E cells against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis, and alleviates the cytokine-induced production of reactive oxygen species, the depletion of the ER Ca(2+) stores, the CHOP overexpression and the degradation of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. We further show that cytokines activate the AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) in a NO-dependent and ER-stress-dependent manner and that AMPK inhibits Cx36 expression. Altogether, the data suggest that Cx36 is involved in Ca(2+) homeostasis within the ER and that Cx36 expression is downregulated following ER stress and subsequent AMPK activation. As a result, cytokine-induced Cx36 downregulation elicits a positive feedback loop that amplifies ER stress and AMPK activation, leading to further Cx36 downregulation. The data reveal that Cx36 plays a central role in the oxidative stress and ER stress induced by cytokines and the subsequent regulation of AMPK activity, which in turn controls Cx36 expression and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of insulin-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Allagnat
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne. Switzerland
| | - P Klee
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A K Cardozo
- Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - P Meda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J-A Haefliger
- Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne. Switzerland
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39
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Campello S, Strappazzon F, Cecconi F. Mitochondrial dismissal in mammals, from protein degradation to mitophagy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:451-60. [PMID: 24275087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned highly dynamic organelles; the shape, location and function of which are determined by a constant balance between opposing fusion and fission events. A fine modulation of mitochondrial structure is crucial for their correct functionality and for many physiological cell processes, the status of these organelles, being thus a key aspect in a cell's fate. Indeed, the homeostasis of mitochondria needs to be highly regulated for the above mentioned reasons, and since a) they are the major source of energy; b) they participate in various signaling pathways; albeit at the same time c) they are also the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS, the main damaging detrimental players for all cell components). Elaborate mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control have evolved for maintaining a functional mitochondrial network and avoiding cell damage. The first mechanism is the removal of damaged mitochondrial proteins within the organelle via chaperones and protease; the second is the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), able to eliminate proteins embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane; the third is the removal of the entire mitochondria through mitophagy, in the case of extensive organelle damage and dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of these mitochondria stability and quality control mechanisms, highlighting mitophagy, and emphasizing the central role of mitochondrial dynamics in this context. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Dynamic and ultrastructure of bioenergetic membranes and their components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavie Strappazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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40
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Scorrano L. Keeping mitochondria in shape: a matter of life and death. Eur J Clin Invest 2013; 43:886-93. [PMID: 23869410 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in energy conversion, metabolism, signaling and apoptosis. To fulfill their multiple tasks, mitochondria come in varied morphologies and ultrastructures resulting from the equilibrium between fusion and fission, Furthermore, they are in close contact with the endoplasmic reticulum generating an essential interface in cell physiology and death. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review we will discuss the impact of our findings on the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial morphology and tethering to the endoplasmic reticulum on cell death. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The work reviewed here supports a key role for mitochondrial dynamics in cell life and death and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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Early exposure to general anesthesia disturbs mitochondrial fission and fusion in the developing rat brain. Anesthesiology 2013; 118:1086-97. [PMID: 23411726 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e318289bc9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthetics induce apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing mammalian brain. General anesthesia (GA) also causes significant disturbances in mitochondrial morphogenesis during intense synaptogenesis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo remodeling via fusion and fission. The fine balance between these two opposing processes determines mitochondrial morphometric properties, allowing for their regeneration and enabling normal functioning. As mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to anesthesia-induced damage, we examined how GA affects mitochondrial fusion/fission. METHODS Seven-day-old rat pups received anesthesia containing a sedative dose of midazolam followed by a combined nitrous oxide and isoflurane anesthesia for 6 h. RESULTS GA causes 30% upregulation of reactive oxygen species (n = 3-5 pups/group), accompanied by a 2-fold downregulation of an important scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase (n = 6 pups/group). Reactive oxygen species upregulation is associated with impaired mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, leading to excessive mitochondrial fission. The imbalance between fission and fusion is due to acute sequestration of the main fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1, from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, and its oligomerization on the outer mitochondrial membrane. These are necessary steps in the formation of the ring-like structures that are required for mitochondrial fission. The fission is further promoted by GA-induced 40% downregulation of cytosolic mitofusin-2, a protein necessary for maintaining the opposing process, mitochondrial fusion (n = 6 pups/group). CONCLUSIONS Early exposure to GA causes acute reactive oxygen species upregulation and disturbs the fine balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion, leading to excessive fission and disturbed mitochondrial morphogenesis. These effects may play a causal role in GA-induced developmental neuroapoptosis.
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Pim-1 preserves mitochondrial morphology by inhibiting dynamin-related protein 1 translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5969-74. [PMID: 23530233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1213294110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphological dynamics affect the outcome of ischemic heart damage and pathogenesis. Recently, mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) has been identified as a mediator of mitochondrial morphological changes and cell death during cardiac ischemic injury. In this study, we report a unique relationship between Pim-1 activity and Drp1 regulation of mitochondrial morphology in cardiomyocytes challenged by ischemic stress. Transgenic hearts overexpressing cardiac Pim-1 display reduction of total Drp1 protein levels, increased phosphorylation of Drp1-(S637), and inhibition of Drp1 localization to the mitochondria. Consistent with these findings, adenoviral-induced Pim-1 neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) retain a reticular mitochondrial phenotype after simulated ischemia (sI) and decreased Drp1 mitochondrial sequestration. Interestingly, adenovirus Pim-dominant negative NRCMs show increased expression of Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only protein p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), which has been previously shown to induce Drp1 accumulation at mitochondria and increase sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli. Overexpression of the p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis-dominant negative adenovirus attenuates localization of Drp1 to mitochondria in adenovirus Pim-dominant negative NRCMs promotes reticular mitochondrial morphology and inhibits cell death during sI. Therefore, Pim-1 activity prevents Drp1 compartmentalization to the mitochondria and preserves reticular mitochondrial morphology in response to sI.
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43
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Zheng L, Lin X, Wu N, Liu M, Zheng Y, Sheng J, Ji X, Sun M. Targeting cellular apoptotic pathway with peptides from marine organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:42-8. [PMID: 23470652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical defense mechanism against the formation and progression of cancer and exhibits distinct morphological and biochemical traits. Targeting apoptotic pathways becomes an intriguing strategy for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Peptides from marine organisms have become important sources in the discovery of antitumor drugs, especially when modern technology makes it more and more feasible to collect organisms from seas. This primer summarizes several marine peptides, based on their effects on apoptotic signaling pathways, although most of these peptides have not yet been studied in depth for their mechanisms of action. Novel peptides that induce an apoptosis signal pathway are presented in association with their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhong Zheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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44
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Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors during endoplasmic reticulum stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1612-24. [PMID: 23380704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) performs multiple functions in the cell: it is the major site of protein and lipid synthesis as well as the most important intracellular Ca(2+) reservoir. Adverse conditions, including a decrease in the ER Ca(2+) level or an increase in oxidative stress, impair the formation of new proteins, resulting in ER stress. The subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular attempt to lower the burden on the ER and to restore ER homeostasis by imposing a general arrest in protein synthesis, upregulating chaperone proteins and degrading misfolded proteins. This response can also lead to autophagy and, if the stress can not be alleviated, to apoptosis. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) and IP3-induced Ca(2+) signaling are important players in these processes. Not only is the IP3R activity modulated in a dual way during ER stress, but also other key proteins involved in Ca(2+) signaling are modulated. Changes also occur at the structural level with a strengthening of the contacts between the ER and the mitochondria, which are important determinants of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. The resulting cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) signals will control cellular decisions that either promote cell survival or cause their elimination via apoptosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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45
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Zhan M, Brooks C, Liu F, Sun L, Dong Z. Mitochondrial dynamics: regulatory mechanisms and emerging role in renal pathophysiology. Kidney Int 2013; 83:568-81. [PMID: 23325082 PMCID: PMC3612360 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are a class of dynamic organelles that constantly undergo fission and fusion. Mitochondrial dynamics is governed by a complex molecular machinery and finely tuned by regulatory proteins. During cell injury or stress, the dynamics is shifted to fission, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation, which contributes to mitochondrial damage and consequent cell injury and death. Emerging evidence has suggested a role of mitochondrial fragmentation in the pathogenesis of renal diseases including acute kidney injury and diabetic nephropathy. A better understanding of the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and its pathogenic changes may unveil novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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46
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Belenguer P, Pellegrini L. The dynamin GTPase OPA1: More than mitochondria? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:176-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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47
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Vögtle FN, Burkhart JM, Rao S, Gerbeth C, Hinrichs J, Martinou JC, Chacinska A, Sickmann A, Zahedi RP, Meisinger C. Intermembrane space proteome of yeast mitochondria. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:1840-52. [PMID: 22984289 PMCID: PMC3518125 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.021105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermembrane space (IMS) represents the smallest subcompartment of mitochondria. Nevertheless, it plays important roles in the transport and modification of proteins, lipids, and metal ions and in the regulation and assembly of the respiratory chain complexes. Moreover, it is involved in many redox processes and coordinates key steps in programmed cell death. A comprehensive profiling of IMS proteins has not been performed so far. We have established a method that uses the proapoptotic protein Bax to release IMS proteins from isolated mitochondria, and we profiled the protein composition of this compartment. Using stable isotope-labeled mitochondria from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we were able to measure specific Bax-dependent protein release and distinguish between quantitatively released IMS proteins and the background efflux of matrix proteins. From the known 31 soluble IMS proteins, 29 proteins were reproducibly identified, corresponding to a coverage of >90%. In addition, we found 20 novel intermembrane space proteins, out of which 10 had not been localized to mitochondria before. Many of these novel IMS proteins have unknown functions or have been reported to play a role in redox regulation. We confirmed IMS localization for 15 proteins using in organello import, protease accessibility upon osmotic swelling, and Bax-release assays. Moreover, we identified two novel mitochondrial proteins, Ymr244c-a (Coa6) and Ybl107c (Mic23), as substrates of the MIA import pathway that have unusual cysteine motifs and found the protein phosphatase Ptc5 to be a novel substrate of the inner membrane protease (IMP). For Coa6 we discovered a role as a novel assembly factor of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. We present here the first and comprehensive proteome of IMS proteins of yeast mitochondria with 51 proteins in total. The IMS proteome will serve as a valuable source for further studies on the role of the IMS in cell life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-Nora Vögtle
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, ZBMZ, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Dressing GE, Alyea R, Pang Y, Thomas P. Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) mediate progestin induced antimorbidity in breast cancer cells and are expressed in human breast tumors. Discov Oncol 2012; 3:101-12. [PMID: 22350867 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-012-0106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) have been detected in breast cancer cells and tissues, but their roles in cancer progression remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the localization, signaling, and antiapoptotic actions of mPRs in two nuclear progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 (MB468), and mPR expression in human breast tumor biopsies. mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ subtypes were detected in both cell lines as well as in breast tumor tissues from 13 individuals irrespective of nuclear steroid receptor expression. Competitive receptor binding studies with a selective PR ligand, R5020, and an mPR agonist, Org OD 02-0 confirmed the presence of functional mPRs on both cancer cell lines. Progesterone treatment of either cell line caused rapid activation of an inhibitory G protein, as well as activation of p42/44 MAP kinase. Treatment with progesterone or Org OD 02-0 significantly decreased cell death and apoptosis in response to serum starvation, whereas testosterone, 17β-estradiol, dexamethasone, and R5020 and RU486 were ineffective. Progesterone treatment of MB468 cells also increased mitochondrial membrane potential and Akt activity, but no decrease in caspase 3 activity was observed. Knockdown of mPRα expression in MB468 cells by siRNA transfection blocked the inhibitory effects of progesterone on cell death. The results indicate that progesterone can act through mPRs to inhibit apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The involvement of mPRs in the development or progression of breast tumor growth through inhibition of cell death is an intriguing possibility and requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen E Dressing
- University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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Ji YB, Ji CF, Zhang H. Laminarin induces apoptosis of human colon cancer LOVO cells through a mitochondrial pathway. Molecules 2012; 17:9947-60. [PMID: 22907156 PMCID: PMC6268208 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many scientific studies have shown that laminarin has anti-tumor effects, but the anti-tumor mechanism was unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of laminarin on the induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer LOVO cells and the molecular mechanism involved. LOVO cells were treated with different concentrations of laminarin at different times. Morphology observations were performed to determine the effects of laminarin on apoptosis of LOVO cells. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH. Laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) was used to analyze intracellular calcium ion concentration, mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blotd were performed to analyze the expressions of Cyt-C, Caspase-9 and -3. The results showed the apoptosis morphology, which showed cell protuberance, concentrated cytoplasm and apoptotic bodies, was obvious after 72 h treatment. Laminarin treatment for 24 h increased the intracellular level of ROS and Ca2+; decreased pH value; activated intracellular MPTP and decreased MMP in dose-dependent manners. It also induced the release of Cyt-C and the activation of Caspase-9 and -3. In conclusion, laminarin induces LOVO cell apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway, suggesting that it could be a potent agent for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; E-Mail:
| | - Chen Feng Ji
- Center of Research on Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-451-8484-4242; Fax: +86-451-8484-4417
| | - He Zhang
- Center of Research on Life Science and Environmental Science, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China; E-Mail:
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50
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Mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:729290. [PMID: 22792111 PMCID: PMC3391904 DOI: 10.1155/2012/729290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles in the cell, hosting essential functions, from biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, from calcium buffering to red-ox homeostasis and apoptotic signalling pathways. Mitochondria are also dynamic organelles, continuously fusing and dividing, and their localization, size and trafficking are finely regulated. Moreover, in recent decades, alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics have been implicated in an increasing number of diseases. In this review, we focus on the relationship clarified hitherto between mitochondrial dynamics and cancer, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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