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Yamamoto H, Shimomura N, Hasegawa Y. Oral Administration of Nacre Extract from Pearl Oyster Shells Has Anti-Aging Effects on Skin and Muscle, and Extends the Lifespan in SAMP8 Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:713. [PMID: 38931380 PMCID: PMC11206907 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pearl oysters have been extensively utilized in pearl production; however, most pearl oyster shells are discarded as industrial waste. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the intraperitoneal administration of pearl oyster shell-derived nacre extract (NE) prevented d-galactose-induced brain and skin aging. In this study, we examined the anti-aging effects of orally administered NE in senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8). Feeding SAMP8 mice NE prevented the development of aging-related characteristics, such as coarse and dull hair, which are commonly observed in aged mice. Additionally, the NE mitigated muscle aging in SAMP8 mice, such as a decline in grip strength. Histological analysis of skeletal muscle revealed that the NE suppressed the expression of aging markers, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21), and increased the expression of sirtuin1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 (PGC1)- α, which are involved in muscle synthesis. These findings suggest that the oral administration of NE suppresses skeletal muscle aging. Moreover, NE administration suppressed skin aging, including a decline in water content. Interestingly, oral administration of NE significantly extended the lifespan of SAMP8 mice, suggesting that its effectiveness as an anti-aging agent of various tissues including skeletal muscle, skin, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050-8585, Japan; (H.Y.); (N.S.)
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Wang Y, Chi Y, Zhu C, Zhang Y, Li K, Chen J, Jiang X, Chen K, Li S. A novel anoikis-related gene signature predicts prognosis in patients with sepsis and reveals immune infiltration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2313. [PMID: 38281996 PMCID: PMC10822872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a common acute and severe medical condition with a high mortality rate. Anoikis, an emerging form of cell death, plays a significant role in various diseases. However, the role of anoikis in sepsis remains poorly understood. Based on the datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus and anoikis-related genes from GeneCards, the differentially expressed anoikis-related genes (DEARGs) were identified. Based on hub genes of DEARGs, a novel prognostic risk model was constructed, and the pattern of immune infiltration was investigated by CIBERSORT algorithm. And small molecule compounds targeting anoikis in sepsis were analyzed using Autodock. Of 23 DEARGs, CXCL8, CFLAR, FASLG and TP53 were significantly associated with the prognosis of sepsis (P < 0.05). Based on the prognostic risk model constructed with these four genes, high-risk population of septic patients had significant lower survival probability than low-risk population (HR = 3.30, P < 0.001). And the level of CFLAR was significantly correlated with the number of neutrophils in septic patients (r = 0.54, P < 0.001). Moreover, tozasertib had low binding energy with CXCL8, CFLAR, FASLG and TP53, and would be a potential compound for sepsis. Conclusively, our results identified a new prognostic model and potential therapeutic molecular for sepsis, providing new insights on mechanism and treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqi Chi
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiying Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejie Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuping Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Zhao Y, Yan W. The role of extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2462-2472. [PMID: 37867162 PMCID: PMC10751420 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting is a complicated metabolic syndrome accompanied by multiple diseases ranging from cancer to metabolic disorders and infectious conditions. The loss of muscle mass significantly impairs muscle function, resulting in poor quality of life and high mortality of associated diseases. The fundamental cellular and molecular mechanisms inducing muscle wasting have been well established, and those related pathways can be activated by a variety of extracellular signals, including inflammatory cytokines and catabolic stimuli. As an emerging messenger of cell-to-cell communications, extracellular vesicles (EVs) also get involved in the progression of muscle wasting by transferring bioactive cargoes including various proteins and non-coding RNAs to skeletal muscle. Like a double-edged sword, EVs play either a pro-wasting or anti-wasting role in the progression of muscle wasting, highly dependent on their parental cells as well as the specific type of cargo they encapsulate. This review aims to illustrate the current knowledge about the biological function of EVs cargoes in skeletal muscle wasting. Additionally, the potential therapeutic implications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of skeletal muscle wasting are also discussed. Simultaneously, several outstanding questions are included to shed light on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Zhang YX, Bai JY, Pu X, Lv J, Dai EL. An integrated bioinformatics approach to identify key biomarkers in the tubulointerstitium of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and construction of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA networks. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2284212. [PMID: 38013448 PMCID: PMC11001368 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2284212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify potential biomarkers in the tubulointerstitium of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and comprehensively analyze its mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA network. METHODS The expression data (GSE108112 and GSE200818) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). Identification and enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed. the PPI networks of the DEGs were constructed and classified using the Cytoscape molecular complex detection (MCODE) plugin. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify critical gene modules. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis were used to screen for key biomarkers of the tubulointerstitium in FSGS, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine their diagnostic accuracy. The screening results were verified by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The transcription factors (TFs) affecting the hub genes were identified by Cytoscape iRegulon. The mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA network for identifying potential biomarkers was based on the starBase database. RESULTS A total of 535 DEGs were identified. MCODE obtained eight modules. The green module of WGCNA had the greatest association with the tubulointerstitium in FSGS. PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) was screened as a potential tubulointerstitial biomarker for FSGS and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The TFs FOXO4 and FOXO1 had a regulatory effect on PPARGC1A. The ceRNA network yielded 17 miRNAs, 32 lncRNAs, and 50 circRNAs. CONCLUSIONS PPARGC1A may be a potential biomarker in the tubulointerstitium of FSGS. The ceRNA network contributes to the comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms of tubulointerstitial lesions in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia Zhang
- College of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Yuan Bai
- College of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - XiaoWei Pu
- College of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Lv
- College of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - En Lai Dai
- College of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Zhang S, Yan H, Ding J, Wang R, Feng Y, Zhang X, Kong X, Gong H, Lu X, Ma A, Hua Y, Liu H, Guo J, Gao H, Zhou Z, Wang R, Chen P, Liu T, Kong X. Skeletal muscle-specific DJ-1 ablation-induced atrogenes expression and mitochondrial dysfunction contributing to muscular atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2126-2142. [PMID: 37469245 PMCID: PMC10570112 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DJ-1 is a causative gene for Parkinson's disease. DJ-1-deficient mice develop gait-associated progressive behavioural abnormalities and hypoactive forearm grip strength. However, underlying activity mechanisms are not fully explored. METHODS Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction approaches were adopted to analyse DJ-1 expression in skeletal muscle from aged humans or mice and compared with young subjects. Skeletal muscle-specific-DJ-1 knockout (MDKO) mice were generated, followed by an assessment of the physical activity phenotypes (grip strength, maximal load capacity, and hanging, rotarod, and exercise capacity tests) of the MDKO and control mice on the chow diet. Muscular atrophy phenotypes (cross-sectional area and fibre types) were determined by imaging and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle morphology were evaluated by oxygen consumption rate and electron microscopy, respectively. Tail suspension was applied to address disuse atrophy. RNA-seq analysis was performed to indicate molecular changes in muscles with DJ-1 ablation. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the promoter region of Trim63 and Fbxo32 genes, which were indirectly regulated by DJ-1 via the FoxO1 pathway. Cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of DJ-1-deleted muscle cells were analysed by western blotting. Compound 23 was administered into the gastrocnemius muscle to mimic the of DJ-1 deletion effects. RESULTS DJ-1 expression decreased in atrophied muscles of aged human (young men, n = 2; old with aged men, n = 2; young women, n = 2; old with aged women, n = 2) and immobilization mice (n = 6, P < 0.01). MDKO mice exhibited no body weight difference compared with control mice on the chow diet (Flox, n = 8; MDKO, n = 9). DJ-1-deficient muscles were slightly dystrophic (Flox, n = 7; MDKO, n = 8; P < 0.05), with impaired physical activities and oxidative capacity (n = 8, P < 0.01). In disuse-atrophic conditions, MDKO mice showed smaller cross-sectional area (n = 5, P < 0.01) and more central nuclei than control mice (Flox, n = 7; MDKO, n = 6; P < 0.05), without alteration in muscle fibre types (Flox, n = 6; MDKO, n = 7). Biochemical analysis indicated that reduced mitochondrial function and upregulated of atrogenes induced these changes. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis revealed enhanced activity of the FoxO1 signalling pathway in DJ-1-ablated muscles, which was responsible for the induction of atrogenes. Finally, compound 23 (an inhibitor of DJ-1) could mimic the effects of DJ-1 ablation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results illuminate the crucial of skeletal muscle DJ-1 in the regulation of catabolic signals from mechanical stimulation, providing a therapeutic target for muscle wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiyang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina
| | - Yonghao Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Human Phenome InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongyu Gong
- School of Life SciencesInner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | - Xiaodan Lu
- Precisional Medical Center, Jilin Province General HospitalChangchunChina
| | - Alice Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Yinghui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jiani Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huanqing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenqi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Ru Wang
- School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of KinesiologyShanghai University of SportShanghaiChina
| | - Tiemin Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Zhang Y, Li C, Zhou X, Jiang W, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Mi H, Tang J, Zhang R, Feng L. Implications of vitamin D for flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): antioxidant ability, nutritional value, sensory quality, and myofiber characteristics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:134. [PMID: 37759314 PMCID: PMC10523690 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals. Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response. In recent years, dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat. However, the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals, and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood. Here, the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality, antioxidant ability, and myofiber development was examined in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). METHODS A total of 540 healthy grass carp, with an initial average body weight of 257.24 ± 0.63 g, were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each, and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1,167.9, 1,573.8, and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d. RESULTS Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets, enhancing crude protein, free amino acid, lipid, and collagen contents; maintaining an ideal pH; and reducing lactate content, shear force, and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control (15.2 IU/kg) group. Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers > 50 μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5-1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D. Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group. In addition, supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule (target of rapamycin) signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs, along with inhibition of protein degradation (forkhead box protein 1) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber development, thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh. These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich, high quality aquaculture products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Macedo AG, Almeida TAF, Massini DA, De Paula VF, De Oliveira DM, Pessôa Filho DM. Effects of exercise training on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy: literature review. Steroids 2023; 195:109240. [PMID: 37061112 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) administration, such as cortisol acetate (CA) and dexamethasone (DEXA), is used worldwide due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunosuppressive properties. However, muscle atrophy is one of the primary deleterious induced responses from the chronic treatment with GCs since it stimulates muscle degradation inhibiting muscle protein synthesis. Animal models allow a better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in this process of gene modulation and production of hypertrophic and atrophic proteins. The treatment with GCs, such as DEXA, promotes the reduction of hypertrophic proteins such as serine/threonine tyrosine kinase (AKT), protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and increased gene expression or production of atrophic proteins, such as myostatin, muscle atrophic F-box (atrogin-1), or muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF-1). In both continuous exercise (CE) and resistance exercise (RE) forms, exercise training is used to mitigate muscle atrophy induced by GCs. The CE attenuated muscle atrophy induced by CA or DEXA in the plantaris and extensor digitorum longus muscle, while RE mitigated the DEXA-induced atrophy in plantaris and flexor hallux longus muscles. The RE response appears to have occurred by modulation of hypertrophic proteins through increased protein production or phosphorylated/total ratio of mTOR and p70S6K and decreased atrophic protein production of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1. CE needs future research to understand the molecular pathways of its protective response. Abreviations: GCs, glucocorticoids; CA, cortisol acetate. DEXA, dexamethason; ET, exercise training; CE, continuous exercise; RE, resistance exercise; AKT, serine/threonine tyrosine kinase; mTOR, protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin; p70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 kinase; FOXO3A, forkead box 3A; atrogin-1, muscle atrophic F-box; MuRF-1, muscle ring finger protein; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase; IGF-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I; IRS-1, insulin receptor substrate; REDD1, regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; GR, glucocorticoid receptor; Smad2, Cytoplasmic Smad2; Smad3, Cytoplasmic Smad3; CS, Cushing's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson G Macedo
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil.
| | - Tiago A F Almeida
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil; CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Danilo A Massini
- Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Vinícius F De Paula
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 235 Monjolinho, 676, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David M De Oliveira
- Federal University Jataí, Department of Physical Education, km 195, 3900, Goiás, Jataí, Brazil
| | - Dalton M Pessôa Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Science Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduate Programe in Human Development and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 13506-900, São Paulo, Rio Claro, Brazil
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β-Sitosterol Attenuates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Regulating FoxO1-Dependent Signaling in C2C12 Cell and Mice Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142894. [PMID: 35889851 PMCID: PMC9315776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to a decline in muscle mass and strength with age, causing significant impairment in the ability to carry out normal daily functions and increased risk of falls and fractures, eventually leading to loss of independence. Maintaining protein homeostasis is an important factor in preventing muscle loss, and the decrease in muscle mass is caused by an imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of muscle proteins. Although β-sitosterol has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, protective effect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity, the mechanism of β-sitosterol effect on the catabolic pathway was not well known. β-sitosterol was assessed in vitro and in vivo using a dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice model and C2C12 myoblasts. β-sitosterol protected mice from dexamethasone-induced muscle mass loss. The thickness of gastrocnemius muscle myofibers was increased in dexamethasone with the β-sitosterol treatment group (DS). Grip strength and creatine kinase (CK) activity were also recovered when β-sitosterol was treated. The muscle loss inhibitory efficacy of β-sitosterol in dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotube was also verified in C2C12 myoblast. β-sitosterol also recovered the width of myotubes. The protein expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) was increased in dexamethasone-treated animal models and C2C12 myoblast, but it was reduced when β-sitosterol was treated. MuRF1 also showed similar results to MAFbx in the mRNA level of C2C12 myotubes. In addition, in the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles of mouse models, Forkhead Box O1 (FoxO1) protein was increased in the dexamethasone-treated group (Dexa) compared with the control group and reduced in the DS group. Therefore, β-sitosterol would be a potential treatment agent for aging sarcopenia.
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Gong Y, Dong X, Xu J, Yang W. LncRNA NEAT1 knockdown ameliorates LPS-induced human kidney injury by mediating the miR-330-5p/FOXO3 axis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022; 54:2683-2694. [PMID: 35364751 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a systemic process with multiple inflammatory responses and organ injuries, particularly in the damage of the kidney. Recently, numerous studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in sepsis-related kidney injury. This study aimed to investigate the functional role and mechanism of lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in sepsis-related kidney injury. METHODS Cell model of kidney injury was constructed in human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells with the treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of NEAT1 was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell viability was examined using CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins were quantified by western blot. The release of proinflammatory cytokines was assessed by ELISA. Oxidative stress was assessed by the levels of SOD and MDA using kits. The putative relationship between miR-330-5p and NEAT1 or FOXO3 was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay and pull-down assay. RESULT The expression of NEAT1 was increased in LPS-treated HK-2 cells. LPS exposure promoted apoptotic rate, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in HK-2 cells, which were largely ameliorated by NEAT1 knockdown. MiR-330-5p was verified as a target of NEAT1, and miR-330-5p inhibition reversed the effects of NEAT1 knockdown in LPS-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, FOXO3 was a target of miR-330-5p, and miR-330-5p restoration-blocked cell apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in LPS-treated HK-2 cells were recovered by FOXO3 overexpression. CONCLUSION NEAT1 downregulation meliorated LPS-induced HK-2 cell injuries partly by regulating the miR-330-5p/FOXO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Macrovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Aweida D, Cohen S. Breakdown of Filamentous Myofibrils by the UPS-Step by Step. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010110. [PMID: 33467597 PMCID: PMC7830001 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein degradation maintains cellular integrity by regulating virtually all biological processes, whereas impaired proteolysis perturbs protein quality control, and often leads to human disease. Two major proteolytic systems are responsible for protein breakdown in all cells: autophagy, which facilitates the loss of organelles, protein aggregates, and cell surface proteins; and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which promotes degradation of mainly soluble proteins. Recent findings indicate that more complex protein structures, such as filamentous assemblies, which are not accessible to the catalytic core of the proteasome in vitro, can be efficiently degraded by this proteolytic machinery in systemic catabolic states in vivo. Mechanisms that loosen the filamentous structure seem to be activated first, hence increasing the accessibility of protein constituents to the UPS. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms underlying the disassembly and loss of the intricate insoluble filamentous myofibrils, which are responsible for muscle contraction, and whose degradation by the UPS causes weakness and disability in aging and disease. Several lines of evidence indicate that myofibril breakdown occurs in a strictly ordered and controlled manner, and the function of AAA-ATPases is crucial for their disassembly and loss.
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11
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Cohen S. Role of calpains in promoting desmin filaments depolymerization and muscle atrophy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Peris-Moreno D, Taillandier D, Polge C. MuRF1/TRIM63, Master Regulator of Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186663. [PMID: 32933049 PMCID: PMC7555135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 was identified 20 years ago and suspected to play important roles during skeletal muscle atrophy. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to decipher the roles, molecular mechanisms and regulation of this enzyme. This revealed that MuRF1 is an important player in the skeletal muscle atrophy process occurring during catabolic states, making MuRF1 a prime candidate for pharmacological treatments against muscle wasting. Indeed, muscle wasting is an associated event of several diseases (e.g., cancer, sepsis, diabetes, renal failure, etc.) and negatively impacts the prognosis of patients, which has stimulated the search for MuRF1 inhibitory molecules. However, studies on MuRF1 cardiac functions revealed that MuRF1 is also cardioprotective, revealing a yin and yang role of MuRF1, being detrimental in skeletal muscle and beneficial in the heart. This review discusses data obtained on MuRF1, both in skeletal and cardiac muscles, over the past 20 years, regarding the structure, the regulation, the location and the different functions identified, and the first inhibitors reported, and aim to draw the picture of what is known about MuRF1. The review also discusses important MuRF1 characteristics to consider for the design of future drugs to maintain skeletal muscle mass in patients with different pathologies.
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13
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Vainshtein A, Sandri M. Signaling Pathways That Control Muscle Mass. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134759. [PMID: 32635462 PMCID: PMC7369702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass under a wide range of acute and chronic maladies is associated with poor prognosis, reduced quality of life, and increased mortality. Decades of research indicate the importance of skeletal muscle for whole body metabolism, glucose homeostasis, as well as overall health and wellbeing. This tissue’s remarkable ability to rapidly and effectively adapt to changing environmental cues is a double-edged sword. Physiological adaptations that are beneficial throughout life become maladaptive during atrophic conditions. The atrophic program can be activated by mechanical, oxidative, and energetic distress, and is influenced by the availability of nutrients, growth factors, and cytokines. Largely governed by a transcription-dependent mechanism, this program impinges on multiple protein networks including various organelles as well as biosynthetic and quality control systems. Although modulating muscle function to prevent and treat disease is an enticing concept that has intrigued research teams for decades, a lack of thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that control muscle mass, in addition to poor transferability of findings from rodents to humans, has obstructed efforts to develop effective treatments. Here, we review the progress made in unraveling the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of muscle mass, as this continues to be an intensive area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, via Orus 2, 35129 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padua, via G. Colombo 3, 35100 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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14
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Exploring the Interface between Inflammatory and Therapeutic Glucocorticoid Induced Bone and Muscle Loss. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225768. [PMID: 31744114 PMCID: PMC6888251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their potent immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory properties, synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely utilized in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. In this review, we examine our current understanding of how chronic inflammation and commonly used therapeutic GCs interact to regulate bone and muscle metabolism. Whilst both inflammation and therapeutic GCs directly promote systemic osteoporosis and muscle wasting, the mechanisms whereby they achieve this are distinct. Importantly, their interactions in vivo are greatly complicated secondary to the directly opposing actions of GCs on a wide array of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways that underpin catabolic and anti-anabolic metabolism. Several clinical studies have attempted to address the net effects of therapeutic glucocorticoids on inflammatory bone loss and muscle wasting using a range of approaches. These have yielded a wide array of results further complicated by the nature of inflammatory disease, underlying the disease management and regimen of GC therapy. Here, we report the latest findings related to these pathway interactions and explore the latest insights from murine models of disease aimed at modelling these processes and delineating the contribution of pre-receptor steroid metabolism. Understanding these processes remains paramount in the effective management of patients with chronic inflammatory disease.
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15
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common side effect of most human diseases. Muscle loss is not only detrimental for the quality of life but it also dramatically impairs physiological processes of the organism and decreases the efficiency of medical treatments. While hypothesized for years, the existence of an atrophying programme common to all pathologies is still incompletely solved despite the discovery of several actors and key regulators of muscle atrophy. More than a decade ago, the discovery of a set of genes, whose expression at the mRNA levels were similarly altered in different catabolic situations, opened the way of a new concept: the presence of atrogenes, i.e. atrophy-related genes. Importantly, the atrogenes are referred as such on the basis of their mRNA content in atrophying muscles, the regulation at the protein level being sometimes more complicate to elucidate. It should be noticed that the atrogenes are markers of atrophy and that their implication as active inducers of atrophy is still an open question for most of them. While the atrogene family has grown over the years, it has mostly been incremented based on data coming from rodent models. Whether the rodent atrogenes are valid for humans still remain to be established. An "atrogene" was originally defined as a gene systematically up- or down-regulated in several catabolic situations. Even if recent works often restrict this notion to the up-regulation of a limited number of proteolytic enzymes, it is important to keep in mind the big picture view. In this review, we provide an update of the validated and potential rodent atrogenes and the metabolic pathways they belong, and based on recent work, their relevance in human physio-pathological situations. We also propose a more precise definition of the atrogenes that integrates rapid recovery when catabolic stimuli are stopped or replaced by anabolic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Taillandier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cécile Polge
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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16
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Otsuka Y, Egawa K, Kanzaki N, Izumo T, Rogi T, Shibata H. Quercetin glycosides prevent dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100618. [PMID: 30805562 PMCID: PMC6372881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although quercetin has numerous biological benefits, including preventing muscle atrophy due to disuse, no reports have been published to date about the preventive effects and molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced muscle atrophy. Highly soluble and bioavailable quercetin glycosides (QGs) were used to examine the inhibition of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in vivo. Male BALB/cCrSlc mice were treated with or without QGs for 7 days ad libitum, followed by addition of DEX to their drinking water for a further 7 days. The weight of gastrocnemius (GM) adjusted by body weight was significantly decreased on day 7 after DEX treatment. DEX-induced decrease of GM weight was improved by QG co-administration on day 7. The mRNA levels of muscle atrophy-related genes in the gastrocnemius were significantly lowered by QGs on day 1. In particular, the expression of myostatin, a master regulator of muscle mass homeostasis, was suppressed to that of the control level. In murine C2C12 myotubes, quercetin elevated the phosphorylation of Akt, which are downstream of the myostatin pathway, as well as expression of atrogenes. We demonstrated the protective effect of QGs in DEX-induced muscle atrophy, which might depend on the suppression of myostatin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Otsuka
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Kahori Egawa
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kanzaki
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Institute for Health Care Science, Suntory Wellness Ltd, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
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17
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Huang Z, Wang L, Wang J, Feng W, Yang Z, Ni S, Huang Y, Li H, Yang Y, Wang M, Hu R, Wan H, Wen C, Xian S, Lu L. Hispaglabridin B, a constituent of liquorice identified by a bioinformatics and machine learning approach, relieves protein-energy wasting by inhibiting forkhead box O1. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:267-281. [PMID: 30270561 PMCID: PMC6295407 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liquorice is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is a popular food in Europe and China that has previously shown benefits for skeletal fatigue and nutrient metabolism. However, the mechanism and active ingredients remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the active ingredients of liquorice for muscle wasting and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis were applied to predict the main target of liquorice. A machine learning model and a docking tool were used to predict active ingredients. Isotope labelling experiments, immunostaining, Western blots, qRT-PCR, ChIP-PCR and luciferase reporters were utilized to test the pharmacological effects in vitro and in vivo. The reverse effects were verified through recombination-based overexpression. KEY RESULTS The liposoluble constituents of liquorice improved muscle wasting by inhibiting protein catabolism and fibre atrophy. We further identified FoxO1 as the target of liposoluble constituents of liquorice. In addition, hispaglabridin B (HB) was predicted as an inhibitor of FoxO1. Further studies determined that HB improved muscle wasting by inhibiting catabolism in vivo and in vitro. HB also markedly suppressed the transcriptional activity of FoxO1, with decreased expression of the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases MuRF1 and Atrogin-1. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HB can serve as a novel natural food extract for preventing muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease and possibly other catabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng‐Yan Huang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ling‐Jun Wang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Jia Wang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Jun Feng
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Hao Ni
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Sheng Huang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Li
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ming‐Qing Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Peninsula School of MedicineUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Heng Wan
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chan‐Juan Wen
- Department of RadiologyNan Fang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shao‐Xiang Xian
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Lu Lu
- The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Lingnan Medical Research CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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18
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Wei Y, Gong L, Fu W, Xu S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ning E, Chang H, Wang H, Gao Y. Unexpected regulation pattern of the IKKβ/NF‐κB/MuRF1 pathway with remarkable muscle plasticity in the Daurian ground squirrel (
Spermophilus dauricus
). J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8711-8722. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
- School of Basic Medical SciencesNingxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Lingchen Gong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Weiwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Shenhui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Er Ning
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Hui Chang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Huiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western ChinaCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest University, Ministry of EducationXi'anChina
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Prevention of Burn-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Muscle Wasting by GTS-21, a Specific Agonist for α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Shock 2018; 47:61-69. [PMID: 27529131 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscle wasting (MW) in catabolic conditions (e.g., burn injury [BI]) is a major risk factor affecting prognosis. Activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and/or forkhead box O transcriptional factor (FOXO)-mediated gene transcription pathways is the pivotal trigger of inflammatory response-induced protein catabolic processes in muscle. The α7 acetylcholine receptors (α7AChRs) are upregulated in macrophages and peripheral tissues including skeletal muscle during MW conditions. Stimulation of α7AChRs mitigates inflammatory responses. Hypothesis tested is that attenuation of inflammation by α7AChR stimulation with specific α7AChR agonist, GTS-21, will reverse BI-induced body mass and MW by modulating inflammatory and proteolytic signals. METHODS Body surface area (30%) BI or sham BI mice were treated with GTS-21 or saline. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was harvested at 6 h, day 1 or 3 to examine inflammatory and proteolytic signals. RESULTS GTS-21 significantly ameliorated the BI-induced increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (6 h), phosphorylated STAT3, and NF-κB (day 1) in TA muscle. GTS-21 also significantly inhibited BI-induced increase of MuRF1 and FOXO1 (day 1). Consistent with the cytokine and inflammatory mediator changes, BI-induced body weight and TA muscle mass loss at day 3 were mitigated by GTS-21 treatment. The beneficial effect of GTS-21 on BI changes was absent in methyllycaconitine (α7AChR antagonist)-treated wild-type and α7AChR knockout mice. CONCLUSION GTS-21 stimulation of α7AChRs, by modulating multiple molecular signals related to inflammation and proteolysis, attenuates protein wasting, evidenced by maintenance of body weight and attenuation of distant muscle mass loss after BI. GTS-21 can be a novel, potent therapeutic option for reversal of BI-induced MW.
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20
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Restorative Mechanisms Regulating Protein Balance in Skeletal Muscle During Recovery From Sepsis. Shock 2018; 47:463-473. [PMID: 27749759 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle deconditioning is commonly observed in patients surviving sepsis. Little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle protein homeostasis during the recovery or convalescence phase. We adapted a sepsis-recovery mouse model that uses cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), followed 24 h later by cecal resection and antibiotic treatment, to identify putative cellular pathways regulating protein synthesis and breakdown in skeletal muscle. Ten days after CLP, body weight and food consumption did not differ between control and sepsis-recovery mice, but gastrocnemius weight was reduced. During sepsis-recovery, muscle protein synthesis was increased 2-fold and associated with enhanced mTOR kinase activity (4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation). The sepsis-induced increase in 4E-BP1 was associated with enhanced formation of the eIF4E-eIF4G active cap-dependent complex, while the increased S6K1 was associated with increased phosphorylation of downstream targets S6 and eIF4B. Proximal to mTOR, sepsis-recovery increased Akt and TSC2 phosphorylation, did not alter AMPK phosphorylation, and decreased REDD1 protein content. Despite the decreased mRNA content for the E3 ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger 1, proteasomal activity was increased 50%. In contrast, sepsis-recovery was associated with an apparent decrease in autophagy (e.g., increased ULK-1 phosphorylation, decreased LCB3-II, and increased p62). The mRNA content for IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα, and IL-6 in muscle was elevated in sepsis-recovery. During recovery after sepsis skeletal muscle responds with an increase in Akt-TSC2-mTOR-dependent protein synthesis and decreased autophagy, but full restoration of muscle protein content may be slowed by the continued stimulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Burn injury results in resorptive bone loss, failure to make new bone, and muscle protein breakdown resulting in cachexia. The purpose of this review is to examine the relationship between bone loss and muscle atrophy in burn injury with a view to understanding the process at work and how it may apply to other conditions that have similar features. RECENT FINDINGS We present data suggesting that the use of bisphosphonates in the first 10 days following the burn prevents not only the resorptive bone loss but also the muscle wasting. While an extra-osseous effect of bisphosphonates remains possible, existing evidence points to a paracrine effect of bone on maintenance of muscle mass and strength. Proposed paracrine factors produced by bone include prostaglandin E2 and components of the Wnt signaling pathway. TGFβ may be a bone paracrine factor that causes oxidative damage to muscle. In the light of the pattern of evidence, burn patients suffer acute resorptive bone loss and muscle wasting. This is likely due to the effects of inflammatory cytokines and endogenous glucocorticoid production in exacerbating oxidative stress. Early use of bisphosphonates can maintain bone mass leading to a paracrine effect of bone in the maintenance of muscle mass, although one cannot completely discount a direct effect of bisphosphonate on muscle. Because investigators report this relationship in a variety of conditions in addition to burns, physicians should seriously consider the early use of bisphosphonates to maintain bone and muscle mass in a variety of neuromuscular and skeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon L Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Burns Hospital, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0165, USA.
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22
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ER stress and subsequent activated calpain play a pivotal role in skeletal muscle wasting after severe burn injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186128. [PMID: 29028830 PMCID: PMC5640216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe burns are typically followed by hypermetabolism characterized by significant muscle wasting, which causes considerable morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle damage/wasting post-burn. Rats were randomized to the sham, sham+4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA, a pharmacological chaperone promoting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) folding/trafficking, commonly considered as an inhibitor of ER), burn (30% total body surface area), and burn+4-PBA groups; and sacrificed at 1, 4, 7, 14 days after the burn injury. Tibial anterior muscle was harvested for transmission electron microscopy, calcium imaging, gene expression and protein analysis of ER stress / ubiquitin-proteasome system / autophagy, and calpain activity measurement. The results showed that ER stress markers were increased in the burn group compared with the sham group, especially at post-burn days 4 and 7, which might consequently elevate cytoplasmic calcium concentration, promote calpain production as well as activation, and cause skeletal muscle damage/wasting of TA muscle after severe burn injury. Interestingly, treatment with 4-PBA prevented burn-induced ER swelling and altered protein expression of ER stress markers and calcium release, attenuating calpain activation and skeletal muscle damage/wasting after severe burn injury. Atrogin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were also increased in the burn group compared with the sham group, while MuRF-1 remained unchanged; 4-PBA decreased atrogin-1 in the burn group. Taken together, these findings suggested that severe burn injury induces ER stress, which in turns causes calpain activation. ER stress and subsequent activated calpain play a critical role in skeletal muscle damage/wasting in burned rats.
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Porter C, Sousse LE, Irick R, Schryver E, Klein GL. Interactions of Phosphate Metabolism With Serious Injury, Including Burns. JBMR Plus 2017; 1:59-65. [PMID: 30283881 PMCID: PMC6124193 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 85% of the body's phosphate pool resides within the skeleton. The remaining 15% is stored as high-energy phosphates or in its free form, where it acts as a substrate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Accordingly, phosphate plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Trauma and critical illness result in a hypermetabolic state in which energy expenditure increases. The impact of trauma and critical illness on the body's phosphate stores and phosphate-dependent metabolic reactions is poorly understood. We had previously observed that after severe burn trauma, increased energy expenditure is temporally related to a marked reduction in serum concentrations of both parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23, both of which have phosphaturic effects. The aim of this article is to describe as far as is known the similarities and differences in phosphate metabolism in different types of injury and to infer what these differences tell us about possible signaling pathways that may link increased phosphate utilization and phosphate retention. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Porter
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Burns HospitalUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Linda E Sousse
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
- Shriners Burns HospitalUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Ryan Irick
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Eric Schryver
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
| | - Gordon L Klein
- Shriners Burns HospitalUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and RehabilitationUniversity of Texas Medical Branch at GalvestonGalvestonTXUSA
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Bonneaud C, Wilson RS, Seebacher F. Immune-Challenged Fish Up-Regulate Their Metabolic Scope to Support Locomotion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166028. [PMID: 27851769 PMCID: PMC5113038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy-based trade-offs occur when investment in one fitness-related trait diverts energy away from other traits. The extent to which such trade-offs are shaped by limits on the rate of conversion of energy ingested in food (e.g. carbohydrates) into chemical energy (ATP) by oxidative metabolism rather than by the amount of food ingested in the first place is, however, unclear. Here we tested whether the ATP required for mounting an immune response will lead to a trade-off with ATP available for physical activity in mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). To this end, we challenged fish either with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli or with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC), and measured oxygen consumption at rest and during swimming at maximum speed 24h, 48h and 7 days post-challenge in order to estimate metabolic rates. Relative to saline-injected controls, only LPS-injected fish showed a significantly greater resting metabolic rate two days post-challenge and significantly higher maximal metabolic rates two and seven days post-challenge. This resulted in a significantly greater metabolic scope two days post-challenge, with LPS-fish transiently overcompensating by increasing maximal ATP production more than would be required for swimming in the absence of an immune challenge. LPS-challenged fish therefore increased their production of ATP to compensate physiologically for the energetic requirements of immune functioning. This response would avoid ATP shortages and allow fish to engage in an aerobically-challenging activity (swimming) even when simultaneously mounting an immune response. Nevertheless, relative to controls, both LPS- and SRBC-fish displayed reduced body mass gain one week post-injection, and LPS-fish actually lost mass. The concomitant increase in metabolic scope and reduced body mass gain of LPS-challenged fish indicates that immune-associated trade-offs are not likely to be shaped by limited oxidative metabolic capacities, but may instead result from limitations in the acquisition, assimilation or efficient use of resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Bonneaud
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, Cornwall, United Kingdom
- Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, USR 2936, 09200 Moulis, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Robbie S. Wilson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Bach E, Møller AB, Jørgensen JOL, Vendelbo MH, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Nielsen TS, Møller N. Stress hormone release is a key component of the metabolic response to lipopolysaccharide: studies in hypopituitary and healthy subjects. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 175:455-65. [PMID: 27562403 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute and chronic inflammatory and metabolic responses are generated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) during acute illness and in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, but whether these responses depend on intact pituitary release of hormones are not clearly identified. We compared the metabolic effects of LPS in hypopituitary patients (HPs) (in the absence of growth hormone (GH) and ACTH responses) and healthy control subjects (CTR) (with normal pituitary hormone responses). DESIGN Single-blind randomized. METHODS We compared the effects of LPS on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism in eight HP and eight matched CTR twice during 4-h basal and 2-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions with muscle and fat biopsies in each period during infusion with saline or LPS. RESULTS LPS increased cortisol and GH levels in CTR but not in HP. Also, it increased whole-body palmitate fluxes (3-fold) and decreased palmitate-specific activity (SA) 40-50% in CTR, but not in HP. G(0)/G(1) Switch Gene 2 (G0S2 - an inhibitor of lipolysis) adipose tissue (AT) mRNA was decreased in CTR. Although LPS increased phenylalanine fluxes significantly more in CTR, there was no difference in glucose metabolism between groups and intramyocellular insulin signaling was unaltered in both groups. CONCLUSIONS LPS increased indices of lipolysis and amino acid/protein fluxes significantly more in CTR compared with HP and decreased adipocyte G0S2 mRNA only in CTR. Thus, in humans intact pituitary function and appropriate cortisol and GH release are crucial components of the metabolic response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Andreas B Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Mikkel H Vendelbo
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-CentreAarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Steen B Pedersen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic ResearchSection on Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research LaboratoriesDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Incuba/Skejby, Aarhus N, Denmark Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine
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26
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Singh KK, Matkar PN, Muhammad S, Quan A, Gupta V, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Verma S. Investigation of novel LPS-induced differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs in endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 421:157-68. [PMID: 27565812 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2797-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms responsible for sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction leading to an elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases remain undefined. Endotoxic or septic shock is a potentially lethal complication of systemic infection by Gram-negative bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical glycolipid component of the outer wall of Gram-negative bacteria, and many of the sepsis-associated cellular signals by Gram-negative bacteria are attributed to LPS. Given that LPS has an established role in the pathophysiology of sepsis and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to critically regulate vascular homeostasis, a systematic transcriptional survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of LPS stimulation on human endothelial lncRNAs and protein-coding transcripts (mRNAs). LncRNAs and mRNAs from LPS-treated (100 ng/mL; 24 h) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were profiled with the Arraystar Human lncRNA Expression Microarray V3.0. Of the 30,584 lncRNAs screened, 871 were significantly upregulated and 1068 significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in response to LPS. In the same HUVEC samples, 733 of the 26,106 mRNAs screened were upregulated and 536 were downregulated. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, AL132709.5 was the most upregulated (~70 fold) and CTC-459I6.1 the most downregulated (~28 fold). Bioinformatics analyses indicated that the differentially expressed upregulated mRNAs are primarily enriched in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, infectious diseases, TNF signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer. This is the first lncRNA and mRNA transcriptome profile of LPS-mediated changes in human endothelial cells. These observations may reveal novel endothelial targets of LPS that may be involved in the vascular pathology of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Singh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. .,Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Pratiek N Matkar
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shoaib Muhammad
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Adrian Quan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Hwee Teoh
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,King Saud University-Li Ka Shing Collaborative Research Program, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, 8th Floor, Bond Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Asano S, Arvapalli R, Manne NDPK, Maheshwari M, Ma B, Rice KM, Selvaraj V, Blough ER. Cerium oxide nanoparticle treatment ameliorates peritonitis-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6215-25. [PMID: 26491293 PMCID: PMC4599716 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s89783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe inflammation observed during sepsis is thought to cause diaphragm dysfunction, which is associated with poor patient prognosis. Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles have been posited to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities suggesting that these particles may be of potential use for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. To investigate this possibility, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: sham control, CeO2 nanoparticle treatment only (0.5 mg/kg iv), sepsis, and sepsis+CeO2 nanoparticles. Sepsis was induced by the introduction of cecal material (600 mg/kg) directly into the peritoneal cavity. Nanoparticle treatment decreased sepsis-associated impairments in diaphragmatic contractile (P(o)) function (sham: 25.6±1.6 N/cm(2) vs CeO2: 23.4±0.8 N/cm(2) vs Sep: 15.9±1.0 N/cm(2) vs Sep+CeO2: 20.0±1.0 N/cm(2), P<0.05). These improvements in diaphragm contractile function were accompanied by a normalization of protein translation signaling (Akt, FOXO-1, and 4EBP1), diminished proteolysis (caspase 8 and ubiquitin levels), and decreased inflammatory signaling (Stat3 and iNOS). Histological analysis suggested that nanoparticle treatment was associated with diminished sarcolemma damage and diminished inflammatory cell infiltration. These data indicate CeO2 nanoparticles may improve diaphragmatic function in the septic laboratory rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Asano
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | - Nandini D P K Manne
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Mani Maheshwari
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Kevin M Rice
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Vellaisamy Selvaraj
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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28
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Abstract
This article examines the current knowledge of the effects of both exogenous and endogenous glucocorticoids on bone and muscle. It demonstrates the similarity of effects of supraphysiologic loads of glucocorticoids regardless of whether they enter the body in the form of medication or are manufactured by the body in response to stimuli such as inflammation. The effects of endogenous glucocorticoids and the systemic inflammatory response resulting from pediatric burn injury are compared and the difficulty in sorting out which of the two factors is responsible for the ultimate effects on bone and muscle is pointed out. The focus then switches to the body's response to the influence of both glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines and evidence supporting a common pathway of response to oxidative damage caused by both is discussed. Current recommended medical management of glucocorticoid-induced bone and muscle loss is discussed and the failure to reconcile current management with known mechanisms is highlighted.
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29
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Nakashima K, Ishida A, Ijiri D, Ohtsuka A. Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx in chick skeletal muscle. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:405-10. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakashima
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Aiko Ishida
- Animal Physiology and Nutrition Division; NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture; Kagoshima University; Kagoshima Japan
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30
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Friedrich O, Reid MB, Van den Berghe G, Vanhorebeek I, Hermans G, Rich MM, Larsson L. The Sick and the Weak: Neuropathies/Myopathies in the Critically Ill. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1025-109. [PMID: 26133937 PMCID: PMC4491544 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness polyneuropathies (CIP) and myopathies (CIM) are common complications of critical illness. Several weakness syndromes are summarized under the term intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). We propose a classification of different ICUAW forms (CIM, CIP, sepsis-induced, steroid-denervation myopathy) and pathophysiological mechanisms from clinical and animal model data. Triggers include sepsis, mechanical ventilation, muscle unloading, steroid treatment, or denervation. Some ICUAW forms require stringent diagnostic features; CIM is marked by membrane hypoexcitability, severe atrophy, preferential myosin loss, ultrastructural alterations, and inadequate autophagy activation while myopathies in pure sepsis do not reproduce marked myosin loss. Reduced membrane excitability results from depolarization and ion channel dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to energy-dependent processes. Ubiquitin proteasome and calpain activation trigger muscle proteolysis and atrophy while protein synthesis is impaired. Myosin loss is more pronounced than actin loss in CIM. Protein quality control is altered by inadequate autophagy. Ca(2+) dysregulation is present through altered Ca(2+) homeostasis. We highlight clinical hallmarks, trigger factors, and potential mechanisms from human studies and animal models that allow separation of risk factors that may trigger distinct mechanisms contributing to weakness. During critical illness, altered inflammatory (cytokines) and metabolic pathways deteriorate muscle function. ICUAW prevention/treatment is limited, e.g., tight glycemic control, delaying nutrition, and early mobilization. Future challenges include identification of primary/secondary events during the time course of critical illness, the interplay between membrane excitability, bioenergetic failure and differential proteolysis, and finding new therapeutic targets by help of tailored animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M B Reid
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Van den Berghe
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Vanhorebeek
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Hermans
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M M Rich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Larsson
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Clinical Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Clinical Neurophysiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Marik PE. Feeding critically ill patients the right 'whey': thinking outside of the box. A personal view. Ann Intensive Care 2015; 5:51. [PMID: 26055186 PMCID: PMC4460184 DOI: 10.1186/s13613-015-0051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrophy of skeletal muscle mass is an almost universal problem in survivors of critical illness and is associated with significant short- and long-term morbidity. Contrary to common practice, the provision of protein/amino acids as a continuous infusion significantly limits protein synthesis whereas intermittent feeding maximally stimulates skeletal muscle synthesis. Furthermore, whey-based protein (high in leucine) increases muscle synthesis compared to soy or casein-based protein. In addition to its adverse effects on skeletal muscle synthesis, continuous feeding is unphysiological and has adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and gastrointestinal function. I propose that critically ill patients' be fed intermittently with a whey-based formula and that such an approach is likely to be associated with better glycemic control, less hepatic steatosis and greater preservation of muscle mass. This paper provides the scientific basis for my approach to intermittent feeding of critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Marik
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Av, Suite 410, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA,
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32
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Abstract
Atrophy occurs in specific muscles with inactivity (for example, during plaster cast immobilization) or denervation (for example, in patients with spinal cord injuries). Muscle wasting occurs systemically in older people (a condition known as sarcopenia); as a physiological response to fasting or malnutrition; and in many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, cancer-associated cachexia, diabetes, renal failure, cardiac failure, Cushing syndrome, sepsis, burns and trauma. The rapid loss of muscle mass and strength primarily results from excessive protein breakdown, which is often accompanied by reduced protein synthesis. This loss of muscle function can lead to reduced quality of life, increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise is the only accepted approach to prevent or slow atrophy. However, several promising therapeutic agents are in development, and major advances in our understanding of the cellular mechanisms that regulate the protein balance in muscle include the identification of several cytokines, particularly myostatin, and a common transcriptional programme that promotes muscle wasting. Here, we discuss these new insights and the rationally designed therapies that are emerging to combat muscle wasting.
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αMSH blunts endotoxin-induced MuRF1 and atrogin-1 upregulation in skeletal muscle by modulating NF-κB and Akt/FoxO1 pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:179368. [PMID: 25294954 PMCID: PMC4175750 DOI: 10.1155/2014/179368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anticachectic actions. We hypothesized that αMSH administration could attenuate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the skeletal muscle through modifications in IGF-Akt-FoxO1 pathway, or/and in serum corticosterone. Adult male Wistar rats were injected with LPS and/or αMSH. αMSH administration reduced LPS-induced increase in liver TNFα and serum nitrites as well as NF-κB activation in skeletal muscle. In contrast, αMSH was not able to prevent the stimulatory effect of LPS on serum concentration of ACTH and corticosterone. LPS decreased serum levels of IGF-I and IGFBP3 and their expression in the liver (P < 0.01). However IGFBP3 expression in the gastrocnemius was increased by LPS. Treatment with αMSH prevented the effects of LPS on IGFBP3 but not on IGF-I. In the gastrocnemius αMSH blocked LPS-induced decrease in pAkt as well as the increase in pNF-κB(p65), FoxO1, atrogin-1, and MuRF1 levels. These results suggest that αMSH blunts skeletal muscle response to endotoxin by downregulating atrogenes and FoxO1 at least in part by controlling NF-κB activation and Akt signalling, but not through modifications in the secretion of corticosterone or IGF-I.
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Reed SA, Raja JS, Hoffman ML, Zinn SA, Govoni KE. Poor maternal nutrition inhibits muscle development in ovine offspring. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2014; 5:43. [PMID: 25247074 PMCID: PMC4170199 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal over and restricted nutrition has negative consequences on the muscle of offspring by reducing muscle fiber number and altering regulators of muscle growth. To determine if over and restricted maternal nutrition affected muscle growth and gene and protein expression in offspring, 36 pregnant ewes were fed 60%, 100% or 140% of National Research Council requirements from d 31 ± 1.3 of gestation until parturition. Lambs from control-fed (CON), restricted-fed (RES) or over-fed (OVER) ewes were necropsied within 1 d of birth (n = 18) or maintained on a control diet for 3 mo (n = 15). Semitendinosus muscle was collected for immunohistochemistry, and protein and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Compared with CON, muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) increased in RES (58%) and OVER (47%) lambs at 1 d of age (P < 0.01); however at 3 mo, CSA decreased 15% and 17% compared with CON, respectively (P < 0.01). Compared with CON, muscle lipid content was increased in OVER (212.4%) and RES (92.5%) at d 1 (P < 0.0001). Muscle lipid content was increased 36.1% in OVER and decreased 23.6% in RES compared with CON at 3 mo (P < 0.0001). At d 1, myostatin mRNA abundance in whole muscle tended to be greater in OVER (P = 0.07) than CON. Follistatin mRNA abundance increased in OVER (P = 0.04) and tended to increase in RES (P = 0.06) compared with CON at d 1. However, there was no difference in myostatin or follistatin protein expression (P > 0.3). Phosphorylated Akt (ser473) was increased in RES at 3 mo compared with CON (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, maternal over and restricted nutrient intake alters muscle lipid content and growth of offspring, possibly through altered gene and protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Joseline S Raja
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Maria L Hoffman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Steven A Zinn
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kristen E Govoni
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Feng B, He Q, Xu H. FOXO1-dependent up-regulation of MAP kinase phosphatase 3 (MKP-3) mediates glucocorticoid-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:46-55. [PMID: 24946098 PMCID: PMC4130747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-term treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) or dysregulation of endogenous GC levels induces a series of metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. We previously showed that MAP kinase phosphatase-3 (MKP-3) plays an important role in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MKP-3 in GC-induced metabolic disorders. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic GC, increases MKP-3 protein expression both in cultured hepatoma cells and in the liver of lean mice. This effect is likely mediated by forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) because disruption of endogenous FOXO1 function by either interfering RNA mediated FOXO1 knockdown or overexpression of a dominant negative FOXO1 mutant blocks Dex-induced upregulation of MKP-3 protein. In addition, overexpression of FOXO1 is sufficient to induce MKP-3 protein expression. MKP-3 deficient mice are protected from several side effects of chronic Dex exposure, such as body weight gain, adipose tissue enlargement, hepatic lipid accumulation, and insulin resistance. The beneficial phenotypes in mice lacking MKP-3 are largely attributed to the absence of MKP-3 in the liver since only hepatic insulin signaling has been preserved among the three insulin target tissues (liver, muscle and adipose tissue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Qin He
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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36
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Wollersheim T, Woehlecke J, Krebs M, Hamati J, Lodka D, Luther-Schroeder A, Langhans C, Haas K, Radtke T, Kleber C, Spies C, Labeit S, Schuelke M, Spuler S, Spranger J, Weber-Carstens S, Fielitz J. Dynamics of myosin degradation in intensive care unit-acquired weakness during severe critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:528-38. [PMID: 24531339 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired muscle wasting is a devastating complication leading to persistent weakness and functional disability. The mechanisms of this myopathy are unclear, but a disturbed balance of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) is implicated. OBJECTIVE To investigate pathways of myosin turnover in severe critically ill patients at high risk of ICU-acquired weakness. DESIGN Prospective, mechanistic, observational study. SETTING Interdisciplinary ICUs of a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-nine patients with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores of at least 8 on three consecutive days within the first 5 days in ICU underwent two consecutive open skeletal muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis at median days 5 and 15. Control biopsy specimens were from healthy subjects undergoing hip-replacement surgery. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S) Time-dependent changes in myofiber architecture, MyHC synthesis, and degradation were determined and correlated with clinical data. RESULTS ICU-acquired muscle wasting was characterized by early, disrupted myofiber ultrastructure followed by atrophy of slow- and fast-twitch myofibers at later time points. A rapid decrease in MyHC mRNA and protein expression occurred by day 5 and persisted at day 15 (P < 0.05). Expression of the atrophy genes MuRF-1 and Atrogin1 was increased at day 5 (P < 0.05). Early MuRF-1 protein content was closely associated with late myofiber atrophy and the severity of weakness. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Decreased synthesis and increased degradation of MyHCs contribute to ICU-acquired muscle wasting. The rates and time frames suggest that pathogenesis of muscle failure is initiated very early during critical illness. The persisting reduction of MyHC suggests that sustained treatment is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wollersheim
- Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow and Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Bach E, Nielsen RR, Vendelbo MH, Møller AB, Jessen N, Buhl M, K- Hafstrøm T, Holm L, Pedersen SB, Pilegaard H, Biensø RS, Jørgensen JO, Møller N. Direct effects of TNF-α on local fuel metabolism and cytokine levels in the placebo-controlled, bilaterally infused human leg: increased insulin sensitivity, increased net protein breakdown, and increased IL-6 release. Diabetes 2013; 62:4023-9. [PMID: 23835341 PMCID: PMC3837036 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has widespread metabolic actions. Systemic TNF-α administration, however, generates a complex hormonal and metabolic response. Our study was designed to test whether regional, placebo-controlled TNF-α infusion directly affects insulin resistance and protein breakdown. We studied eight healthy volunteers once with bilateral femoral vein and artery catheters during a 3-h basal period and a 3-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. One artery was perfused with saline and one with TNF-α. During the clamp, TNF-α perfusion increased glucose arteriovenous differences (0.91 ± 0.17 vs. 0.74 ± 0.15 mmol/L, P = 0.012) and leg glucose uptake rates. Net phenylalanine release was increased by TNF-α perfusion with concomitant increases in appearance and disappearance rates. Free fatty acid kinetics was not affected by TNF-α, whereas interleukin-6 (IL-6) release increased. Insulin and protein signaling in muscle biopsies was not affected by TNF-α. TNF-α directly increased net muscle protein loss, which may contribute to cachexia and general protein loss during severe illness. The finding of increased insulin sensitivity, which could relate to IL-6, is of major clinical interest and may concurrently act to provide adequate tissue fuel supply and contribute to the occurrence of systemic hypoglycemia. This distinct metabolic feature places TNF-α among the rare insulin mimetics of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermina Bach
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roni R. Nielsen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel H. Vendelbo
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B. Møller
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Buhl
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas K- Hafstrøm
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen B. Pedersen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Rasmus S. Biensø
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens O.L. Jørgensen
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Møller
- Medical Research Laboratories, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Niels Møller,
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Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle maintenance involve interplay between multiple signaling pathways. Under normal physiological conditions, a network of interconnected signals serves to control and coordinate hypertrophic and atrophic messages, culminating in a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Loss of skeletal muscle mass, termed "atrophy", is a diagnostic feature of cachexia seen in settings of cancer, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, and burns. Cachexia increases the likelihood of death from these already serious diseases. Recent studies have further defined the pathways leading to gain and loss of skeletal muscle as well as the signaling events that induce differentiation and post-injury regeneration, which are also essential for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. In this review, we summarize and discuss the relevant recent literature demonstrating these previously undiscovered mediators governing anabolism and catabolism of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Egerman
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research , Cambridge, MA , USA
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39
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Xu J, Li R, Workeneh B, Dong Y, Wang X, Hu Z. Transcription factor FoxO1, the dominant mediator of muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease, is inhibited by microRNA-486. Kidney Int 2013; 82:401-11. [PMID: 22475820 PMCID: PMC3393843 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates muscle protein degradation by stimulating the ubiquitin proteasome system through activation of the E3 ligases, Atrogin-1/MaFbx and MuRF-1. Forkhead transcription factors (FoxO) can control the expression of these E3 ligases, but the contribution of individual FoxOs to muscle wasting is unclear. To study this we created mice with a muscle-specific FoxO1 deletion. The absence of FoxO1 blocked 70% of the increase in E3 ligases induction by CKD as well as the proteolysis and loss of muscle mass. Thus, FoxO1 has a role in controlling ubiquitin proteasome system-related proteolysis. Since microRNA (miR)-486 reportedly dampens FoxO1 expression and its activity, we transfected a miR-486 mimic into primary cultures of myotubes and found this blocked dexamethasone-stimulated protein degradation without influencing protein synthesis. It also decreased FoxO1 protein translation and increased FoxO1 phosphorylation by down-regulation of PTEN phosphatase, a negative regulator of p-Akt. To test its efficacy in vivo, we electroporated miR-486 into muscles and found expression of the E3 ligases was suppressed and muscle mass increased despite CKD. Thus, FoxO1 is a dominant mediator of CKD-induced muscle wasting and miR-486 coordinately decreases FoxO1 and PTEN to protect against this catabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Renal Section, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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40
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Castillero E, Alamdari N, Lecker SH, Hasselgren PO. Suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy of cultured myotubes. Metabolism 2013; 62:1495-502. [PMID: 23866982 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanistic role of the ubiquitin ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in glucocorticoid-induced muscle wasting is not fully understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy is at least in part linked to atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression and that the ubiquitin ligases are regulated by compensatory mechanisms. METHODS The expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 was suppressed individually or in combination in cultured L6 myotubes by using siRNA technique. Myotubes were treated with dexamethasone followed by determination of mRNA and protein levels for atrogin-1 and MuRF1, protein synthesis and degradation rates, and myotube morphology. RESULTS Suppression of atrogin-1 resulted in increased expression of MuRF1 and vice versa, suggesting that the ubiquitin ligases are regulated by compensatory mechanisms. Simultaneous suppression of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 resulted in myotube hypertrophy, mainly reflecting stimulated protein synthesis, and prevented dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy, mainly reflecting inhibited protein degradation. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence for a link between upregulated atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression and glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. The study also suggests that atrogin-1 and MuRF1 levels are regulated by compensatory mechanisms and that inhibition of both ubiquitin ligases may be needed to prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscle proteolysis and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Castillero
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Abstract
Striated respiratory muscles are necessary for lung ventilation and to maintain the patency of the upper airway. The basic structural and functional properties of respiratory muscles are similar to those of other striated muscles (both skeletal and cardiac). The sarcomere is the fundamental organizational unit of striated muscles and sarcomeric proteins underlie the passive and active mechanical properties of muscle fibers. In this respect, the functional categorization of different fiber types provides a conceptual framework to understand the physiological properties of respiratory muscles. Within the sarcomere, the interaction between the thick and thin filaments at the level of cross-bridges provides the elementary unit of force generation and contraction. Key to an understanding of the unique functional differences across muscle fiber types are differences in cross-bridge recruitment and cycling that relate to the expression of different myosin heavy chain isoforms in the thick filament. The active mechanical properties of muscle fibers are characterized by the relationship between myoplasmic Ca2+ and cross-bridge recruitment, force generation and sarcomere length (also cross-bridge recruitment), external load and shortening velocity (cross-bridge cycling rate), and cross-bridge cycling rate and ATP consumption. Passive mechanical properties are also important reflecting viscoelastic elements within sarcomeres as well as the extracellular matrix. Conditions that affect respiratory muscle performance may have a range of underlying pathophysiological causes, but their manifestations will depend on their impact on these basic elemental structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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42
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Castillero E, Alamdari N, Aversa Z, Gurav A, Hasselgren PO. PPARβ/δ regulates glucocorticoid- and sepsis-induced FOXO1 activation and muscle wasting. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59726. [PMID: 23555761 PMCID: PMC3605288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO1 is involved in glucocorticoid- and sepsis-induced muscle wasting, in part reflecting regulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1. Mechanisms influencing FOXO1 expression in muscle wasting are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) upregulates muscle FOXO1 expression and activity with a downstream upregulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression during sepsis and glucocorticoid treatment and that inhibition of PPARβ/δ activity can prevent muscle wasting. We found that activation of PPARβ/δ in cultured myotubes increased FOXO1 activity, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression, protein degradation and myotube atrophy. Treatment of myotubes with dexamethasone increased PPARβ/δ expression and activity. Dexamethasone-induced FOXO1 activation and atrogin-1 and MuRF1 expression, protein degradation, and myotube atrophy were inhibited by PPARβ/δ blocker or siRNA. Importantly, muscle wasting induced in rats by dexamethasone or sepsis was prevented by treatment with a PPARβ/δ inhibitor. The present results suggest that PPARβ/δ regulates FOXO1 activation in glucocorticoid- and sepsis-induced muscle wasting and that treatment with a PPARβ/δ inhibitor may ameliorate loss of muscle mass in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Castillero
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nima Alamdari
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zaira Aversa
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aniket Gurav
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Per-Olof Hasselgren
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Alamdari N, Aversa Z, Castillero E, Hasselgren PO. Acetylation and deacetylation--novel factors in muscle wasting. Metabolism 2013; 62:1-11. [PMID: 22626763 PMCID: PMC3430797 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We review recent evidence that acetylation and deacetylation of cellular proteins, including transcription factors and nuclear cofactors, may be involved in the regulation of muscle mass. The level of protein acetylation is balanced by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) and studies suggest that this balance is perturbed in muscle wasting. Hyperacetylation of transcription factors and nuclear cofactors regulating gene transcription in muscle wasting may influence muscle mass. In addition, hyperacetylation may render proteins susceptible to degradation by different mechanisms, including intrinsic ubiquitin ligase activity exerted by HATs and by dissociation of proteins from cellular chaperones. In recent studies, inhibition of p300/HAT expression and activity and stimulation of SIRT1-dependent HDAC activity reduced glucocorticoid-induced catabolic response in skeletal muscle, providing further evidence that hyperacetylation plays a role in muscle wasting. It should be noted, however, that although several studies advocate a role of hyperacetylation in muscle wasting, apparently contradictory results have also been reported. For example, muscle atrophy caused by denervation or immobilization may be associated with reduced, rather than increased, protein acetylation. In addition, whereas hyperacetylation results in increased degradation of certain proteins, other proteins may be stabilized by increased acetylation. Thus, the role of acetylation and deacetylation in the regulation of muscle mass may be both condition- and protein-specific. The influence of HATs and HDACs on the regulation of muscle mass, as well as methods to modulate protein acetylation, is an important area for continued research aimed at preventing and treating muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Alamdari
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Alamdari N, Toraldo G, Aversa Z, Smith I, Castillero E, Renaud G, Qaisar R, Larsson L, Jasuja R, Hasselgren PO. Loss of muscle strength during sepsis is in part regulated by glucocorticoids and is associated with reduced muscle fiber stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012; 303:R1090-9. [PMID: 23019215 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00636.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is associated with impaired muscle function but the role of glucocorticoids in sepsis-induced muscle weakness is not known. We tested the role of glucocorticoids in sepsis-induced muscle weakness by treating septic rats with the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486. In addition, normal rats were treated with dexamethasone to further examine the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of muscle strength. Sepsis was induced in rats by cecal ligation and puncture, and muscle force generation (peak twitch and tetanic tension) was determined in lower extremity muscles. In other experiments, absolute and specific force as well as stiffness (reflecting the function of actomyosin cross bridges) were determined in isolated skinned muscle fibers from control and septic rats. Sepsis and treatment with dexamethasone resulted in reduced maximal twitch and tetanic force in intact isolated extensor digitorum longus muscles. The absolute and specific maximal force in isolated muscle fibers was reduced during sepsis together with decreased fiber stiffness. These effects of sepsis were blunted (but not abolished) by RU38486. The results suggest that muscle weakness during sepsis is at least in part regulated by glucocorticoids and reflects loss of contractility at the cellular (individual muscle fiber) level. In addition, the results suggest that reduced function of the cross bridges between actin and myosin (documented as reduced muscle fiber stiffness) may be involved in sepsis-induced muscle weakness. An increased understanding of mechanisms involved in loss of muscle strength will be important for the development of new treatment strategies in patients with this debilitating consequence of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Alamdari
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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45
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Schakman O, Dehoux M, Bouchuari S, Delaere S, Lause P, Decroly N, Shoelson SE, Thissen JP. Role of IGF-I and the TNFα/NF-κB pathway in the induction of muscle atrogenes by acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E729-39. [PMID: 22739109 PMCID: PMC4118721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several catabolic states (sepsis, cancer, etc.) associated with acute inflammation are characterized by a loss of skeletal muscle due to accelerated proteolysis. The main proteolytic systems involved are the autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome (UPS) pathways. Among the signaling pathways that could mediate proteolysis induced by acute inflammation, the transcription factor NF-κB, induced by TNFα, and the transcription factor forkhead box O (FOXO), induced by glucocorticoids (GC) and inhibited by IGF-I, are likely to play a key role. The aim of this study was to identify the nature of the molecular mediators responsible for the induction of these muscle proteolytic systems in response to acute inflammation caused by LPS injection. LPS injection robustly stimulated the expression of several components of the autophagy and the UPS pathways in the skeletal muscle. This induction was associated with a rapid increase of circulating levels of TNFα together with a muscular activation of NF-κB followed by a decrease in circulating and muscle levels of IGF-I. Neither restoration of circulating IGF-I nor restoration of muscle IGF-I levels prevented the activation of autophagy and UPS genes by LPS. The inhibition of TNFα production and muscle NF-κB activation, respectively by using pentoxifilline and a repressor of NF-κB, did not prevent the activation of autophagy and UPS genes by LPS. Finally, inhibition of GC action with RU-486 blunted completely the activation of these atrogenes by LPS. In conclusion, we show that increased GC production plays a more crucial role than decreased IGF-I and increased TNFα/NF-κB pathway for the induction of the proteolytic systems caused by acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Schakman
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
- 2Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute of Neurosciences,
Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - M. Dehoux
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
| | - S. Bouchuari
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
| | - S. Delaere
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
| | - P. Lause
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
| | - N. Decroly
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
| | - S. E. Shoelson
- 3Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J.-P. Thissen
- 1Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institut de
Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain,
Brussels, Belgium;
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46
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Bae SK, Cha HN, Ju TJ, Kim YW, Kim HS, Kim YD, Dan JM, Kim JY, Kim SD, Park SY. Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:114-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00431.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency on skeletal muscle atrophy in single leg-immobilized iNOS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The left leg was immobilized for 1 wk, and the right leg was used as the control. Muscle weight and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, which was accompanied with increased iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Deficiency of iNOS attenuated muscle weight loss and the reduction in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by immobilization. Phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K was reduced to a similar extent by immobilization in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Immobilization decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased mRNA and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in WT mice, which were attenuated in iNOS KO mice. Aconitase and superoxide dismutase activities were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, and deficiency of iNOS normalized these enzyme activities. Increased nitrotyrosine and carbonylated protein levels by immobilization in WT mice were reversed in iNOS KO mice. Phosphorylation of ERK and p38 was increased by immobilization in WT mice, which was reduced in iNOS KO mice. Immobilization-induced muscle atrophy was also attenuated by an iNOS-specific inhibitor N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine, and this finding was accompanied by increased FoxO1 phosphorylation and reduced MuRF1 and atrogin-1 levels. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through reduced oxidative stress, and iNOS-induced oxidative stress may be required for immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hey-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | - Tae-Jin Ju
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | | | | | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea; and
| | - Jin-Myoung Dan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gumi CHA University Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | | | | | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
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Watson ML, Baehr LM, Reichardt HM, Tuckermann JP, Bodine SC, Furlow JD. A cell-autonomous role for the glucocorticoid receptor in skeletal muscle atrophy induced by systemic glucocorticoid exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1210-20. [PMID: 22354783 PMCID: PMC3361985 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00512.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle mass, and prolonged exposure will induce significant muscle atrophy. To better understand the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by elevated GC levels, we examined three different models: exogenous synthetic GC treatment [dexamethasone (DEX)], nutritional deprivation, and denervation. Specifically, we tested the direct contribution of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in skeletal muscle atrophy by creating a muscle-specific GR-knockout mouse line (MGR(e3)KO) using Cre-lox technology. In MGR(e3)KO mice, we found that the GR is essential for muscle atrophy in response to high-dose DEX treatment. In addition, DEX regulation of multiple genes, including two important atrophy markers, MuRF1 and MAFbx, is eliminated completely in the MGR(e3)KO mice. In a condition where endogenous GCs are elevated, such as nutritional deprivation, induction of MuRF1 and MAFbx was inhibited, but not completely blocked, in MGR(e3)KO mice. In response to sciatic nerve lesion and hindlimb muscle denervation, muscle atrophy and upregulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx occurred to the same extent in both wild-type and MGR(e3)KO mice, indicating that a functional GR is not required to induce atrophy under these conditions. Therefore, we demonstrate conclusively that the GR is an important mediator of skeletal muscle atrophy and associated gene expression in response to exogenous synthetic GCs in vivo and that the MGR(e3)KO mouse is a useful model for studying the role of the GR and its target genes in multiple skeletal muscle atrophy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Watson
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Univ. of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616-8519, USA
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Abstract
Muscle plasticity is defined as the ability of a given muscle to alter its structural and functional properties in accordance with the environmental conditions imposed on it. As such, respiratory muscle is in a constant state of remodeling, and the basis of muscle's plasticity is its ability to change protein expression and resultant protein balance in response to varying environmental conditions. Here, we will describe the changes of respiratory muscle imposed by extrinsic changes in mechanical load, activity, and innervation. Although there is a large body of literature on the structural and functional plasticity of respiratory muscles, we are only beginning to understand the molecular-scale protein changes that contribute to protein balance. We will give an overview of key mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and protein degradation, as well as the complex interactions between them. We suggest future application of a systems biology approach that would develop a mathematical model of protein balance and greatly improve treatments in a variety of clinical settings related to maintaining both muscle mass and optimal contractile function of respiratory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Gransee
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Chamberlain W, Gonnella P, Alamdari N, Aversa Z, Hasselgren PO. Multiple muscle wasting-related transcription factors are acetylated in dexamethasone-treated muscle cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:200-8. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the expression and activity of the histone acetyltransferase p300 are upregulated in catabolic muscle allowing for acetylation of cellular proteins. The function of transcription factors is influenced by posttranslational modifications, including acetylation. It is not known if transcription factors involved in the regulation of muscle mass are acetylated in atrophying muscle. We determined cellular levels of acetylated C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, FOXO1, FOXO3a, and NF-kB/p65 in dexamethasone-treated L6 muscle cells, a commonly used in vitro model of muscle wasting. The role of p300 in dexamethasone-induced transcription factor acetylation and myotube atrophy was examined by transfecting muscle cells with p300 siRNA. Treatment of L6 myotubes with dexamethasone resulted in increased cellular levels of acetylated C/EBPβ and δ, FOXO1 and 3a, and p65. Downregulation of p300 with p300 siRNA reduced acetylation of transcription factors and decreased dexamethasone-induced myotube atrophy and expression of the ubiquitin ligase MuRF1. The results suggest that several muscle wasting-related transcription factors are acetylated supporting the concept that posttranslational modifications of proteins regulating gene transcription may be involved in the loss of muscle mass. The results also suggest that acetylation of the transcription factors is at least in part regulated by p300 and plays a role in glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy. Targeting molecules that regulate acetylation of transcription factors may help reduce the impact of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chamberlain
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patricia Gonnella
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nima Alamdari
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zaira Aversa
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Per-Olof Hasselgren
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- 330 Brookline Avenue, ST 919, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the role of cytokines, in particular tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in relation to the nature of human in-vivo muscle wasting in disease. RECENT FINDINGS Infusion of human TNF-α and IL-6 in healthy individuals, acutely raises TNF-α and IL-6 to moderate levels, has only identified IL-6 as a potent cytokine, decreasing systemic amino acid levels and muscle protein metabolism. The marked decrease in circulatory and muscle amino acid concentrations was observed with a concomitant reduction in both the rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, that is, reduced turnover with a minor increase in net muscle degradation. Very similar observations have been made in models of acute inflammation, induced by high-dose endotoxin injection. However, these changes were suggested not to be attributed to a direct effect of IL-6 on the regulation of muscle protein metabolism but indirectly via IL-6 reducing amino acid availability. SUMMARY Recent studies suggest that the best described cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are unlikely to be the major direct mediators of muscle protein loss in inflammatory diseases. However, these cytokines can initiate important changes in secondary mediators and/or clinical complications that need correction therapies causing muscle wasting. Moreover, the general view from animal work is that in muscle wasting the rate of muscle protein synthesis is decreased and the rate of breakdown is increased. However, this does not seem applicable for inflammatory diseases or human models of sepsis, in which the enhanced imbalance between these two processes is observed within an enhanced, normal or reduced muscle protein turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit van Hall
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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