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Saint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Orai1/STIMs modulators in pulmonary vascular diseases. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102892. [PMID: 38735127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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2
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Kaliniak S, Fiedoruk K, Spałek J, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Góźdź S, Bucki R, Okła S. Remodeling of Paranasal Sinuses Mucosa Functions in Response to Biofilm-Induced Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1295-1323. [PMID: 38434581 PMCID: PMC10906676 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinosinusitis (RS) is an acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. CRS is a heterogeneous condition characterized by distinct inflammatory patterns (endotypes) and phenotypes associated with the presence (CRSwNP) or absence (CRSsNP) of nasal polyps. Mucosal barrier and mucociliary clearance dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and tissue remodeling are the hallmarks of CRS. However, the underlying factors, their priority, and the mechanisms of inflammatory responses remain unclear. Several hypotheses have been proposed that link CRS etiology and pathogenesis with host (eg, "immune barrier") and exogenous factors (eg, bacterial/fungal pathogens, dysbiotic microbiota/biofilms, or staphylococcal superantigens). The abnormal interplay between these factors is likely central to the pathophysiology of CRS by triggering compensatory immune responses. Here, we discuss the role of the sinonasal microbiota in CRS and its biofilms in the context of mucosal zinc (Zn) deficiency, serving as a possible unifying link between five host and "bacterial" hypotheses of CRS that lead to sinus mucosa remodeling. To date, no clear correlation between sinonasal microbiota and CRS has been established. However, the predominance of Corynebacteria and Staphylococci and their interspecies relationships likely play a vital role in the formation of the CRS-associated microbiota. Zn-mediated "nutritional immunity", exerted via calprotectin, alongside the dysregulation of Zn-dependent cellular processes, could be a crucial microbiota-shaping factor in CRS. Similar to cystic fibrosis (CF), the role of SPLUNC1-mediated regulation of mucus volume and pH in CRS has been considered. We complement the biofilms' "mechanistic" and "mucin" hypotheses behind CRS pathogenesis with the "structural" one - associated with bacterial "corncob" structures. Finally, microbiota restoration approaches for CRS prevention and treatment are reviewed, including pre- and probiotics, as well as Nasal Microbiota Transplantation (NMT).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Spałek
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
| | - Sławomir Okła
- Holy-Cross Cancer Center, Kielce, Poland
- Institute of Medical Science, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University of Kielce, Kielce, 25-317, Poland
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3
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Kato A, Schleimer RP, Bleier BS. Mechanisms and pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1491-1503. [PMID: 35245537 PMCID: PMC9081253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by local inflammation of the upper airways and is historically divided into 2 main phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyps and CRS without nasal polyps. Inflammation in CRS is mainly characterized by 3 endotypes based on elevation of canonical lymphocyte cytokines: type (T) 1 (T1) by TH1 cytokine IFN-γ, T2 by TH2 cutokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, and T3 by TH17 cytokines including IL-17. Inflammation in both CRS without nasal polyps and CRS with nasal polyps is highly heterogeneous, and the frequency of various endotypes varies geographically around the world. This finding complicates establishment of a unified understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis in CRS. Sinonasal epithelium acts as a passive barrier, and epithelial barrier dysfunction is a common feature in CRS induced by endotype-specific cytokines directly and indirectly. The sinonasal epithelium also participates in both innate immunity via recognition by innate pattern-recognition receptors and promotes and regulates adaptive immunity via release of chemokines and innate cytokines including thymic stromal lymphopoietin. The purpose of this review was to discuss the contribution of the epithelium to CRS pathogenesis and to update the field regarding endotypic heterogeneity and various mechanisms for understanding pathogenesis in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kato
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago
| | - Benjamin S Bleier
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
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4
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Wu T, Goriounova AS, Worthington EN, Wrennall JA, Ghosh A, Ahmad S, Flori Sassano M, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 is a negative regulator of the Orai1 Ca 2+ channel. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15306. [PMID: 35581745 PMCID: PMC9114653 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orai1 is a ubiquitously-expressed plasma membrane Ca2+ channel that is involved in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE): a fundamental biological process that regulates gene expression, the onset of inflammation, secretion, and the contraction of airway smooth muscle (ASM). During SOCE, Ca2+ leaves the endoplasmic reticulum, which then stimulates a second, amplifying wave of Ca2+ influx through Orai1 into the cytoplasm. Short Palate LUng and Nasal epithelial Clone 1 (SPLUNC1; gene name BPIFA1) is a multi-functional, innate defense protein that is highly abundant in the lung. We have previously reported that SPLUNC1 was secreted from epithelia, where it bound to and inhibited Orai1, leading to reduced SOCE and ASM relaxation. However, the underlying mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we probed the SPLUNC1-Orai1 interactions in ASM and HEK293T cells using biochemical and imaging techniques. We observed that SPLUNC1 caused a conformational change in Orai1, as measured using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). SPLUNC1 binding also led to Nedd4-2 dependent ubiquitination of Orai1. Moreover, SPLUNC1 internalized Orai1 to lysosomes, leading to Orai1 degradation. Thus, we conclude that SPLUNC1 is an allosteric regulator of Orai1. Our data indicate that SPLUNC1-mediated Orai1 inhibition could be utilized as a therapeutic strategy to reduce SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Alexandra S. Goriounova
- Department of PharmacologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Erin N. Worthington
- Divison of PulmonologyDepartment of PediatricsThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of PediatricsCarilion Clinic and Virginia Tech Carilion School of MedicineRoanokeVirginia24016USA
| | - Joe A. Wrennall
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - M. Flori Sassano
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Department of Cell Biology & PhysiologyThe University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNorth Carolina27599USA
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5
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Zhang W. The Multifunctional Roles of Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelium Clone 1 in Regulating Airway Surface Liquid and Participating in Airway Host Defense. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:139-148. [PMID: 33885339 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a kind of secretory protein, and gets expressed abundantly in normal respiratory epithelium of humans. As a natural immune molecule, SPLUNC1 is proved to be involved in inflammatory response and airway host defense. This review focuses on summarizing and discussing the role of SPLUNC1 in regulating airway surface liquid (ASL) and participating in airway host defense. PubMed and MEDLINE were used for searching and identifying the data in this review. The domain of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in SPLUNC1 and the α-helix, α4, are essential for SPLUNC1 to exert biological activities. As a natural innate immune molecule, SPLUNC1 plays a significant role in inflammatory response and airway host defense. Its special expression patterns are not only observed in physiological conditions, but also in some respiratory diseases. The mechanisms of SPLUNC1 in airway host defense include modulating ASL volume, acting as a surfactant protein, inhibiting biofilm formation, as well as regulating ASL compositions, such as LL-37, mucins, Neutrophil elastase, and inflammatory cytokines. Besides, potential correlations are found among these different mechanisms, especially among different ASL compositions, which should be further explored in more systematical frameworks. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics and expression patterns of SPLUNC1 briefly, and mainly discuss the mechanisms of SPLUNC1 exerted in host defense, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and a novel target for future studies and clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingluan Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Olivença DV, Voit EO, Pinto FR. ENaC regulation by phospholipids and DGK explained through mathematical modeling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13952. [PMID: 32811866 PMCID: PMC7435262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a condition caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). It is also thought to increase the activity of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). The altered function of these ion channels is one of the causes of the thick dehydrated mucus that characterizes the disease and is partially responsible for recurrent pulmonary infections and inflammation events that ultimately destroy the lungs of affected subjects. Phosphoinositides are signaling lipids that regulate numerous cellular processes and membrane proteins, including ENaC. Inhibition of diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), an enzyme of the phosphoinositide pathway, reduces ENaC function. We propose a computational analysis that is based on the combination of two existing mathematical models: one representing the dynamics of phosphoinositides and the other explaining how phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) influences ENaC activity and, consequently, airway surface liquid. This integrated model permits, for the first time, a detailed assessment of the intricate interactions between DGK and ENaC and is consistent with available literature data. In particular, the computational approach allows comparisons of two competing hypotheses regarding the regulation of ENaC. The results strongly suggest that the regulation of ENaC is primarily exerted through the control of PI(4,5)P2 production by type-I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI), which in turn is controlled by phosphatidic acid (PA), the product of the DGK reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Olivença
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000 USA
| | - Eberhard O. Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-2000 USA
| | - Francisco R. Pinto
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI – Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Olivença DV, Fonseca LL, Voit EO, Pinto FR. Thickness of the airway surface liquid layer in the lung is affected in cystic fibrosis by compromised synergistic regulation of the ENaC ion channel. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190187. [PMID: 31455163 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is lined with a layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) that is crucial for healthy lung function. ASL thickness is controlled by two ion channels: epithelium sodium channel (ENaC) and cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Here, we present a minimal mathematical model of ENaC, CFTR and ASL regulation that sheds light on the control of ENaC by the short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein and by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate (PI(4,5)P2). The model, despite its simplicity, yields a good fit to experimental observations and is an effective tool for exploring the interplay between ENaC, CFTR and ASL. Steady-state data and dynamic information constrain the model's parameters without ambiguities. Testing the hypothesis that PI(4,5)P2 protects ENaC from ubiquitination suggests that this protection does not improve the model results and that the control of the ENaC opening probability by PI(4,5)P2 is sufficient to explain all available data. The model analysis further demonstrates that ASL at the steady state is sensitive to small changes in PI(4,5)P2 abundance, particularly in CF conditions, which suggests that manipulation of phosphoinositide metabolism may promote therapeutic benefits for CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V Olivença
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis L Fonseca
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eberhard O Voit
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Francisco R Pinto
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Sesma JI, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Scott DW. SPX-101 is stable in and retains function after exposure to cystic fibrosis sputum. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:244-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Hamilos DL. Biofilm Formations in Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infection : Part 1: Biofilm Structure, Role of Innate Immunity in Protection Against and Response to Biofilm, Methods of Biofilm Detection, Pediatric Respiratory Tract Diseases Associated with Mucosal Biofilm Formation. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019; 21:6. [PMID: 30820766 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-019-0658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Biofilm represents an organized structure of microorganisms within an extracellular matrix attached to a surface. While the importance of biofilm in prosthetic heart valve and catheter-related infections has been known since the 1980s, the role of mucosal biofilm in human disease pathogenesis has only recently been elucidated. It is now clear that mucosal biofilm is present in both healthy and pathologic states. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of mucosal biofilm in pediatric respiratory infections. RECENT FINDINGS Mucosal biofilm has been implicated in relationship to several pediatric respiratory infections, including tonsillitis, adenoiditis, otitis media with effusion, chronic rhinosinusitis, persistent endobronchial infection, and bronchiectasis. In these conditions, core pathogens are detected in the biofilm, biofilm organisms are often detected by molecular techniques when conventional cultures are negative, and biofilm presence is more extensive in relation to disease than in healthy tissues. In chronic rhinosinusitis, the presence of polymicrobial biofilm is also a predictor of poorer outcome following sinus surgery. Biofilm in the tonsillar and adenoidal compartments plays a distinct role in contributing to disease in the middle ear and sinuses. Key observations regarding the relevance of biofilm to pediatric respiratory infections include (1) the association between the presence of biofilm and persistent/recurrent and more severe disease in these tissues despite antibiotic treatment, (2) linkage between biofilm core pathogens and acute infections, and (3) interrelationship between biofilm presence in one tissue and persistent or recurrent infection in an adjacent tissue. A greater understanding of the significance of mucosal biofilm will undoubtedly emerge with the development of effective means of eradicating mucosal biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hamilos
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Bulfinch-422, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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10
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Britto CJ, Niu N, Khanal S, Huleihel L, Herazo-Maya JD, Thompson A, Sauler M, Slade MD, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS, Kaminski N, Cohn LE. BPIFA1 regulates lung neutrophil recruitment and interferon signaling during acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L321-L333. [PMID: 30461288 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00056.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bpifa1 (BPI fold-containing group A member 1) is an airway host-protective protein with immunomodulatory properties that binds to LPS and is regulated by infectious and inflammatory signals. Differential expression of Bpifa1 has been widely reported in lung disease, yet the biological significance of this observation is unclear. We sought to understand the role of Bpifa1 fluctuations in modulating lung inflammation. We treated wild-type (WT) and Bpifa1-/- mice with intranasal LPS and performed immunological and transcriptomic analyses of lung tissue to determine the immune effects of Bpifa1 deficiency. We show that neutrophil (polymorphonuclear cells, PMNs) lung recruitment and transmigration to the airways in response to LPS is impaired in Bpifa1-/- mice. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a signature of 379 genes that differentiated Bpifa1-/- from WT mice. During acute lung inflammation, the most downregulated genes in Bpifa1-/- mice were Cxcl9 and Cxcl10. Bpifa1-/- mice had lower bronchoalveolar lavage concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl10) and Cxcl9, interferon-inducible PMN chemokines. This was consistent with lower expression of IFNγ, IFNλ, downstream IFN-stimulated genes, and IFN-regulatory factors, which are important for the innate immune response. Administration of Cxcl10 before LPS treatment restored the inflammatory response in Bpifa1-/- mice. Our results identify a novel role for Bpifa1 in the regulation of Cxcl10-mediated PMN recruitment to the lungs via IFNγ and -λ signaling during acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naiqian Niu
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sara Khanal
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luai Huleihel
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jose D Herazo-Maya
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alison Thompson
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Martin D Slade
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lauren E Cohn
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut
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11
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Figueira MF, Webster MJ, Tarran R. Rebuttal from Miriam F. Figueira, Megan J. Webster and Robert Tarran. J Physiol 2018; 596:3443-3444. [PMID: 30014480 DOI: 10.1113/jp276146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Figueira
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Megan J Webster
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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12
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Figueira MF, Webster MJ, Tarran R. CrossTalk proposal: mucosal acidification drives early progressive lung disease in cystic fibrosis. J Physiol 2018; 596:3433-3437. [PMID: 30014571 DOI: 10.1113/jp275425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Figueira
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Megan J Webster
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Kim CS, Ahmad S, Wu T, Walton WG, Redinbo MR, Tarran R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel. FASEB J 2018; 32:2478-2491. [PMID: 29295861 PMCID: PMC5901381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701126r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common genetic disease with significantly increased mortality. CF airways exhibit ion transport abnormalities, including hyperactivity of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). Short-palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is a multifunctional innate defense protein that is secreted into the airway lumen. We have previously demonstrated that SPLUNC1 binds to and inhibits ENaC to maintain fluid homeostasis in airway epithelia and that this process fails in CF airways. Despite this, how SPLUNC1 actually regulates ENaC is unknown. Here, we found that SPLUNC1 caused αγ-ENaC to internalize, whereas SPLUNC1 and β-ENaC remained at the plasma membrane. Additional studies revealed that SPLUNC1 increased neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4-2-dependent ubiquitination of α- but not β- or γ-ENaC. We also labeled intracellular ENaC termini with green fluorescent protein and mCherry, and found that extracellular SPLUNC1 altered intracellular ENaC Forster resonance energy transfer. Taken together, our data indicate that SPLUNC1 is an allosteric regulator of ENaC that dissociates αβγ-ENaC to generate a new SPLUNC1-β-ENaC complex. These data indicate a novel mode for regulating ENaC at the plasma membrane.-Kim, C. S., Ahmad, S., Wu, T., Walton, W. G., Redinbo, M. R., Tarran, R. SPLUNC1 is an allosteric modulator of the epithelial sodium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Seulki Kim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tongde Wu
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Little MS, Redinbo MR. Crystal structure of the mouse innate immunity factor bacterial permeability-increasing family member A1. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:268-276. [PMID: 29717993 PMCID: PMC5931138 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18004600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial permeability-increasing family member A1 (BPIFA1) is an innate immunity factor and one of the most abundantly secreted proteins in the upper airways. BPIFA1 is multifunctional, with antimicrobial, surfactant and lipopolysaccharide-binding activities, as well as established roles in lung hydration. Here, the 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of BPIFA1 from Mus musculus (mBPIFA1) is presented and compared with those of human BPIFA1 (hBPIFA1) and structural homologs. Structural distinctions between mBPIFA1 and hBPIFA1 suggest potential differences in biological function, including the regulation of a key pulmonary ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Little
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Science, University of North Carolina, 4350 Genome Sciences Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA
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15
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Khoury O, Barrios C, Ortega V, Atala A, Murphy SV. Immunomodulatory Cell Therapy to Target Cystic Fibrosis Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:12-20. [PMID: 28707978 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0160tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with exaggerated and prolonged inflammation in the lungs, which contributes to lung injury, airway mucus obstruction, bronchiectasis, and loss of lung function. This hyperinflammatory phenotype appears to be caused by an imbalance between the pro- and antiinflammatory regulatory pathways, with heightened proinflammatory stimuli, a decreased counter-regulatory response, and reduced effectiveness of immune cell function and inflammatory resolution. Thus, therapies that can target this inflammatory environment would have a major impact on preventing the progression of lung disease. Because of the complex phenotype of CF inflammation, current antiinflammatory regimens have proven to be inadequate for the targeting of these multiple dysregulated pathways and effects. Several approaches using cell therapies have shown potential therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CF inflammation. This review provides an overview of the immune dysfunctions in CF and current therapeutic regimens; explores the field of cell therapy as a treatment for CF inflammation; and focuses on the various cell types used, their immunomodulatory functions, and the current approaches to mitigate the inflammatory response and reduce the long-term damage for patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Khoury
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Christopher Barrios
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Adult Care Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Victor Ortega
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Adult Care Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Sean V Murphy
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
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16
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Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R, Lazrak A, Matalon S. Therapeutic attenuation of the epithelial sodium channel with a SPLUNC1-derived peptide in airway diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 314:L239-L242. [PMID: 29351436 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00516.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk , Gdansk , Poland
| | | | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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17
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Terryah ST, Fellner RC, Ahmad S, Moore PJ, Reidel B, Sesma JI, Kim CS, Garland AL, Scott DW, Sabater JR, Carpenter J, Randell SH, Kesimer M, Abraham WM, Arendshorst WJ, Tarran R. Evaluation of a SPLUNC1-derived peptide for the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L192-L205. [PMID: 28982737 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00546.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF) lungs, epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) hyperactivity causes a reduction in airway surface liquid volume, leading to decreased mucocilliary clearance, chronic bacterial infection, and lung damage. Inhibition of ENaC is an attractive therapeutic option. However, ENaC antagonists have failed clinically because of off-target effects in the kidney. The S18 peptide is a naturally occurring short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1)-derived ENaC antagonist that restores airway surface liquid height for up to 24 h in CF human bronchial epithelial cultures. However, its efficacy and safety in vivo are unknown. To interrogate the potential clinical efficacy of S18, we assessed its safety and efficacy using human airway cultures and animal models. S18-mucus interactions were tested using superresolution microscopy, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, and confocal microscopy. Human and murine airway cultures were used to measure airway surface liquid height. Off-target effects were assessed in conscious mice and anesthetized rats. Morbidity and mortality were assessed in the β-ENaC-transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Restoration of normal mucus clearance was measured in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor 172 [CFTR(inh)-172]-challenged sheep. We found that S18 does not interact with mucus and rapidly penetrated dehydrated CF mucus. Compared with amiloride, an early generation ENaC antagonist, S18 displayed a superior ability to slow airway surface liquid absorption, reverse CFTR(inh)-172-induced reduction of mucus transport, and reduce morbidity and mortality in the β-ENaC-Tg mouse, all without inducing any detectable signs of renal toxicity. These data suggest that S18 is the first naturally occurring ENaC antagonist to show improved preclinical efficacy in animal models of CF with no signs of renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T Terryah
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert C Fellner
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saira Ahmad
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Boris Reidel
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Christine S Kim
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alaina L Garland
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Jerome Carpenter
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott H Randell
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mehmet Kesimer
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William M Abraham
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center , Miami Beach, Florida
| | - William J Arendshorst
- Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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18
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Scott DW, Walker MP, Sesma J, Wu B, Stuhlmiller TJ, Sabater JR, Abraham WM, Crowder TM, Christensen DJ, Tarran R. SPX-101 Is a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel-targeted Therapeutic for Cystic Fibrosis That Restores Mucus Transport. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:734-744. [PMID: 28481660 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2445oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is caused by the loss of function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) combined with hyperactivation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). In the lung, ENaC is responsible for movement of sodium. Hyperactivation of ENaC, which creates an osmotic gradient that pulls fluid out of the airway, contributes to reduced airway hydration, causing mucus dehydration, decreased mucociliary clearance, and recurrent acute bacterial infections. ENaC represents a therapeutic target to treat all patients with CF independent of their underlying CFTR mutation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of SPX-101, a peptide mimetic of the natural regulation of ENaC activity by short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1, known as SPLUNC1. METHODS ENaC internalization by SPX-101 in primary human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and CF donors was assessed by surface biotinylation and subsequent Western blot analysis. SPX-101's in vivo therapeutic effect was assessed by survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice, mucus transport in these mice, and mucus transport in a sheep model of CF. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS SPX-101 binds selectively to ENaC and promotes internalization of the α-, β-, and γ-subunits. Removing ENaC from the membrane with SPX-101 causes a significant decrease in amiloride-sensitive current. The peptide increases survival of β-ENaC-transgenic mice to greater than 90% with once-daily dosing by inhalation. SPX-101 increased mucus transport in the β-ENaC mouse model as well as the sheep model of CF. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that SPX-101 promotes durable reduction of ENaC membrane concentration, leading to significant improvements in mucus transport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bryant Wu
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Juan R Sabater
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | - William M Abraham
- 2 Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida; and
| | | | | | - Robert Tarran
- 1 Spyryx Biosciences, Durham, North Carolina.,3 Marsico Lung Institute and.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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19
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Wu T, Huang J, Moore PJ, Little MS, Walton WG, Fellner RC, Alexis NE, Peter Di Y, Redinbo MR, Tilley SL, Tarran R. Identification of BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 as an epithelium-derived smooth muscle relaxing factor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14118. [PMID: 28165446 PMCID: PMC5303822 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and abnormal airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction. Bacterial permeability family member A1, BPIFA1, is a secreted innate defence protein. Here we show that BPIFA1 levels are reduced in sputum samples from asthmatic patients and that BPIFA1 is secreted basolaterally from healthy, but not asthmatic human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs), where it suppresses ASM contractility by binding to and inhibiting the Ca2+ influx channel Orai1. We have localized this effect to a specific, C-terminal α-helical region of BPIFA1. Furthermore, tracheas from Bpifa1-/- mice are hypercontractile, and this phenotype is reversed by the addition of recombinant BPIFA1. Our data suggest that BPIFA1 deficiency in asthmatic airways promotes Orai1 hyperactivity, increased ASM contraction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Strategies that target Orai1 or the BPIFA1 deficiency in asthma may lead to novel therapies to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Julianne Huang
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Genome Science Building, 250 Bell Tower Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Michael S Little
- Department of Chemistry, Genome Science Building, 250 Bell Tower Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, Genome Science Building, 250 Bell Tower Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert C Fellner
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, US EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, 331 Bridgeside Point Building, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, Genome Science Building, 250 Bell Tower Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Stephen L Tilley
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA.,Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, US EPA Human Studies Facility, 104 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute, Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA.,Department of Cell Biology &Physiology, 5200 Medical Biomolecular Research Building, 111 Mason Farm Road, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7248, USA
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20
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Chakrabarti A, Kaur H. Allergic Aspergillus Rhinosinusitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2016; 2:E32. [PMID: 29376948 PMCID: PMC5715928 DOI: 10.3390/jof2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) is a unique variety of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis usually in atopic individuals, characterized by presence of eosinophilic mucin and fungal hyphae in paranasal sinuses without invasion into surrounding mucosa. It has emerged as an important disease involving a large population across the world with geographic variation in incidence and epidemiology. The disease is surrounded by controversies regarding its definition and etiopathogenesis. A working group on "Fungal Sinusitis" under the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) addressed some of those issues, but many questions remain unanswered. The descriptions of "eosinophilic fungal rhinosinusitis" (EFRS), "eosinophilic mucin rhinosinusitis" (EMRS) and mucosal invasion by hyphae in few patients have increased the problem to delineate the disease. Various hypotheses exist for etiopathogenesis of AFRS with considerable overlap, though recent extensive studies have made certain in depth understanding. The diagnosis of AFRS is a multi-disciplinary approach including the imaging, histopathology, mycology and immunological investigations. Though there is no uniform management protocol for AFRS, surgical clearing of the sinuses with steroid therapy are commonly practiced. The role of antifungal agents, leukotriene antagonists and immunomodulators is still questionable. The present review covers the controversies, recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of AFRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India.
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21
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Wåhlén K, Fornander L, Olausson P, Ydreborg K, Flodin U, Graff P, Lindahl M, Ghafouri B. Protein profiles of nasal lavage fluid from individuals with work-related upper airway symptoms associated with moldy and damp buildings. INDOOR AIR 2016; 26:743-754. [PMID: 26451694 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Upper airway irritation is common among individuals working in moldy and damp buildings. The aim of this study was to investigate effects on the protein composition of the nasal lining fluid. The prevalence of symptoms in relation to work environment was examined in 37 individuals working in two damp buildings. Microbial growth was confirmed in one of the buildings. Nasal lavage fluid was collected from 29 of the exposed subjects and 13 controls, not working in a damp building. Protein profiles were investigated with a proteomic approach and evaluated by multivariate statistical models. Subjects from both workplaces reported upper airway and ocular symptoms. Based on protein profiles, symptomatic subjects in the two workplaces were discriminated from each other and separated from healthy controls. The groups differed in proteins involved in inflammation and host defense. Measurements of innate immunity proteins showed a significant increase in protein S100-A8 and decrease in SPLUNC1 in subjects from one workplace, while alpha-1-antitrypsin was elevated in subjects from the other workplace, compared with healthy controls. The results show that protein profiles in nasal lavage fluid can be used to monitor airway mucosal effects in personnel working in damp buildings and indicate that the profile may be separated when the dampness is associated with the presence of molds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wåhlén
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Speciality Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - L Fornander
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Div of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - P Olausson
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Speciality Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - K Ydreborg
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - U Flodin
- Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Heart and Medicine Center, Region Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - P Graff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Lindahl
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Div of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - B Ghafouri
- Division of Community Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Pain and Rehabilitation Center, Anaesthetics, Operations and Speciality Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden.
- Division of Neuro and Inflammation Science, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Heart and Medicine Center, Region Östergötland, Linkoping, Sweden.
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22
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Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelial Clone 1 Has Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities against the Burkholderia cepacia Complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:6003-12. [PMID: 27458217 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00975-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are extremely pathogenic to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and acquisition of Bcc bacteria is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Treatment of Bcc infections is difficult because the bacteria are multidrug resistant and able to survive in biofilms. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is an innate defense protein that is secreted by the upper airways and pharynx. While SPLUNC1 is known to have antimicrobial functions, its effects on Bcc strains are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that SPLUNC1 is able to impair Bcc growth and biofilm formation. We found that SPLUNC1 exerted bacteriostatic effects against several Bcc clinical isolates, including B. cenocepacia strain J2315 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.28 μM), and reduced biofilm formation and attachment (IC50 = 0.11 μM). We then determined which domains of SPLUNC1 are responsible for its antimicrobial activity. Deletions of SPLUNC1's N terminus and α6 helix did not affect its function. However, deletion of the α4 helix attenuated antimicrobial activity, while the corresponding α4 peptide displayed antimicrobial activity. Chronic neutrophilia is a hallmark of CF lung disease, and neutrophil elastase (NE) cleaves SPLUNC1. However, we found that the ability of SPLUNC1 to disrupt biofilm formation was significantly potentiated by NE pretreatment. While the impact of CF on SPLUNC1-Bcc interactions is not currently known, our data suggest that understanding this interaction may have important implications for CF lung disease.
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23
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Stevens WW, Lee RJ, Schleimer RP, Cohen NA. Chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 136:1442-1453. [PMID: 26654193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of medical conditions associated with chronic sinonasal inflammation, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and cystic fibrosis. In particular, CRS can be divided into 2 major subgroups based on whether nasal polyps are present or absent. Unfortunately, clinical treatment strategies for patients with chronic sinonasal inflammation are limited, in part because the underlying mechanisms contributing to disease pathology are heterogeneous and not entirely known. It is hypothesized that alterations in mucociliary clearance, abnormalities in the sinonasal epithelial cell barrier, and tissue remodeling all contribute to the chronic inflammatory and tissue-deforming processes characteristic of CRS. Additionally, the host innate and adaptive immune responses are also significantly activated and might be involved in pathogenesis. Recent advancements in the understanding of CRS pathogenesis are highlighted in this review, with special focus placed on the roles of epithelial cells and the host immune response in patients with cystic fibrosis, CRS without nasal polyps, or CRS with nasal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney W Stevens
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Noam A Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Service, Philadelphia, Pa; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pa
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24
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent and unresolved inflammation, with elevated proinflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and greater numbers of immune cells. Hyperinflammation is recognized as a leading cause of lung tissue destruction in CF. Hyper-inflammation is not solely observed in the lungs of CF patients, since it may contribute to destruction of exocrine pancreas and, likely, to defects in gastrointestinal tract tissue integrity. Paradoxically, despite the robust inflammatory response, and elevated number of immune cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), CF lungs fail to clear bacteria and are more susceptible to infections. Here, we have summarized the current understanding of immune dysregulation in CF, which may drive hyperinflammation and impaired host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Bruscia
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, FMP, Room#524, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 0900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4948, USA.
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Rowell TR, Tarran R. Will chronic e-cigarette use cause lung disease? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1398-409. [PMID: 26408554 PMCID: PMC4683316 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic tobacco smoking is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lung, tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, and also causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which encompasses both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. E-cigarettes (E-Cigs), or electronic nicotine delivery systems, were developed over a decade ago and are designed to deliver nicotine without combusting tobacco. Although tobacco smoking has declined since the 1950s, E-Cig usage has increased, attracting both former tobacco smokers and never smokers. E-Cig liquids (e-liquids) contain nicotine in a glycerol/propylene glycol vehicle with flavorings, which are vaporized and inhaled. To date, neither E-Cig devices, nor e-liquids, are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA has proposed a deeming rule, which aims to initiate legislation to regulate E-Cigs, but the timeline to take effect is uncertain. Proponents of E-Cigs say that they are safe and should not be regulated. Opposition is varied, with some opponents proposing that E-Cig usage will introduce a new generation to nicotine addiction, reversing the decline seen with tobacco smoking, or that E-Cigs generally may not be safe and will trigger diseases like tobacco. In this review, we shall discuss what is known about the effects of E-Cigs on the mammalian lung and isolated lung cells in vitro. We hope that collating this data will help illustrate gaps in the knowledge of this burgeoning field, directing researchers toward answering whether or not E-Cigs are capable of causing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temperance R Rowell
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Abstract
Submucosal glands contribute to airway surface liquid (ASL), a film that protects all airway surfaces. Glandular mucus comprises electrolytes, water, the gel-forming mucin MUC5B, and hundreds of different proteins with diverse protective functions. Gland volume per unit area of mucosal surface correlates positively with impaction rate of inhaled particles. In human main bronchi, the volume of the glands is ∼ 50 times that of surface goblet cells, but the glands diminish in size and frequency distally. ASL and its trapped particles are removed from the airways by mucociliary transport. Airway glands have a tubuloacinar structure, with a single terminal duct, a nonciliated collecting duct, then branching secretory tubules lined with mucous cells and ending in serous acini. They allow for a massive increase in numbers of mucus-producing cells without replacing surface ciliated cells. Active secretion of Cl(-) and HCO3 (-) by serous cells produces most of the fluid of gland secretions. Glands are densely innervated by tonically active, mutually excitatory airway intrinsic neurons. Most gland mucus is secreted constitutively in vivo, with large, transient increases produced by emergency reflex drive from the vagus. Elevations of [cAMP]i and [Ca(2+)]i coordinate electrolyte and macromolecular secretion and probably occur together for baseline activity in vivo, with cholinergic elevation of [Ca(2+)]i being mainly responsive for transient increases in secretion. Altered submucosal gland function contributes to the pathology of all obstructive diseases, but is an early stage of pathogenesis only in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Widdicombe
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey J Wine
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California; and Department of Psychology and Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Ghosh A, Boucher RC, Tarran R. Airway hydration and COPD. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3637-52. [PMID: 26068443 PMCID: PMC4567929 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the prevalent causes of worldwide mortality and encompasses two major clinical phenotypes, i.e., chronic bronchitis (CB) and emphysema. The most common cause of COPD is chronic tobacco inhalation. Research focused on the chronic bronchitic phenotype of COPD has identified several pathological processes that drive disease initiation and progression. For example, the lung's mucociliary clearance (MCC) system performs the critical task of clearing inhaled pathogens and toxic materials from the lung. MCC efficiency is dependent on: (1) the ability of apical plasma membrane ion channels such as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to maintain airway hydration; (2) ciliary beating; and (3) appropriate rates of mucin secretion. Each of these components is impaired in CB and likely contributes to the mucus stasis/accumulation seen in CB patients. This review highlights the cellular components responsible for maintaining MCC and how this process is disrupted following tobacco exposure and with CB. We shall also discuss existing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic bronchitis and how components of the MCC can be used as biomarkers for the evaluation of tobacco or tobacco-like-product exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunava Ghosh
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - R C Boucher
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA
| | - Robert Tarran
- Cystic Fibrosis Center/Marsico Lung Institute and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, 7102 Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7248, USA.
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Britto CJ, Cohn L. Bactericidal/Permeability-increasing protein fold-containing family member A1 in airway host protection and respiratory disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:525-34. [PMID: 25265466 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0297rt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein fold-containing family member A1 (BPIFA1), formerly known as SPLUNC1, is one of the most abundant proteins in respiratory secretions and has been identified with increasing frequency in studies of pulmonary disease. Its expression is largely restricted to the respiratory tract, being highly concentrated in the upper airways and proximal trachea. BPIFA1 is highly responsive to airborne pathogens, allergens, and irritants. BPIFA1 actively participates in host protection through antimicrobial, surfactant, airway surface liquid regulation, and immunomodulatory properties. Its expression is modulated in multiple lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory malignancies, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the role of BPIFA1 in pulmonary pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. This review highlights the versatile properties of BPIFA1 in antimicrobial protection and its roles as a sensor of environmental exposure and regulator of immune cell function. A greater understanding of the contribution of BPIFA1 to disease pathogenesis and activity may clarify if BPIFA1 is a biomarker and potential drug target in pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Redinbo MR. The microbiota, chemical symbiosis, and human disease. J Mol Biol 2014; 426:3877-91. [PMID: 25305474 PMCID: PMC4252811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of mammalian-microbial mutualism has expanded by combing microbial sequencing with evolving molecular and cellular methods, as well as unique model systems. Here, the recent literature linking the microbiota to diseases of three of the key mammalian mucosal epithelial compartments-nasal, lung, and gastrointestinal tract-is reviewed with a focus on new knowledge about the taxa, species, proteins, and chemistry that promote health and impact progression toward disease. The information presented is further organized by specific diseases now associated with the microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus infection and rhinosinusitis in the nasal-sinus mucosa, as well as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, and asthma in the pulmonary tissues. For the vast and microbially dynamic gastrointestinal compartment, several disorders are considered, including obesity, atherosclerosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, drug toxicity, and even autism. Our appreciation of the chemical symbiosis ongoing between human systems and the microbiota continues to grow and suggests new opportunities for modulating this symbiosis using designed interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Arts and Sciences, Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA.
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