1
|
Gogoi D, Chattopadhyay P, Dolui SK, Khan MR, Mukherjee AK. Studies on in vivo antithrombotic activity of quercetin, a natural flavonoid isolated from a traditional medicinal plant, African eggplant (Solanum indicum). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118686. [PMID: 39127114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Every year, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for about 17.9 million deaths, making them the primary cause of both morbidity and mortality. Conventional drugs, which are often prescribed to treat cardiovascular diseases, are costly and have adverse effects. Consequently, dietary modifications and other medications are needed. Traditional use of Solanum indicum as cardiotonic to treat hypertension and anticoagulant potency has been reported but poorly evaluated scientifically. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the in vivo anticoagulant activity and mechanism of anticoagulation of quercetin (QC), a bioactive compound isolated from S. indicum (SI) hydroethanolic fruit extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation (anticoagulant activity) extracted QC from hydroethanolic SI extract. QC was extensively characterized biochemically and pharmacologically. The interaction between QC and thrombin was investigated using spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric methods. Cytotoxicity, antiplatelet, and thrombolytic studies were carried out in vitro. The Swiss albino mice were used to assess the in vivo, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities of QC. RESULTS QC exhibits anticoagulant activity via (i) uncompetitive inhibition of thrombin but not FXa with a Ki value of 33.11 ± 4.2 μM and (ii) a partial inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 13.2 ± 1.2 μM. The experimental validation of the in silico study's prediction of QC's binding to thrombin was confirmed by spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses. QC was nontoxic to mammalian, non-hemolytic cells and demonstrated thrombolytic activity by activating plasminogen. QC demonstrated in vivo anticoagulant efficacy, preventing k-carrageen-induced thrombus formation in mice's tails. In the acute circulatory stasis paradigm in mice, QC reduces thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) while increasing nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1 α). CONCLUSION Effective in vivo anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of S. indicum's bioactive component QC point to the plant's potential use as a herbal anticoagulant medication for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases linked to thrombosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | | | - Swapan K Dolui
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Mujibur R Khan
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu H, El-Asal S, Zakri H, Mutlaq R, Krikke NTB, Casewell NR, Slagboom J, Kool J. Aligning Post-Column ESI-MS, MALDI-MS, and Coagulation Bioassay Data of Naja spp., Ophiophagus hannah, and Pseudonaja textillis Venoms Chromatographically to Assess MALDI-MS and ESI-MS Complementarity with Correlation of Bioactive Toxins to Mass Spectrometric Data. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:379. [PMID: 39330837 PMCID: PMC11435639 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Snakebite is a serious health issue in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and results in various pathologies, such as hemotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and local swelling, blistering, and tissue necrosis around the bite site. These pathologies may ultimately lead to permanent morbidity and may even be fatal. Understanding the chemical and biological properties of individual snake venom toxins is of great importance when developing a newer generation of safer and more effective snakebite treatments. Two main approaches to ionizing toxins prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis are electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI). In the present study, we investigated the use of both ESI-MS and MALDI-MS as complementary techniques for toxin characterization in venom research. We applied nanofractionation analytics to separate crude elapid venoms using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and high-resolution fractionation of the eluting toxins into 384-well plates, followed by online LC-ESI-MS measurements. To acquire clear comparisons between the two ionization approaches, offline MALDI-MS measurements were performed on the nanofractionated toxins. For comparison to the LC-ESI-MS data, we created so-called MALDI-MS chromatograms of each toxin. We also applied plasma coagulation assaying on 384-well plates with nanofractionated toxins to demonstrate parallel biochemical profiling within the workflow. The plotting of post-column acquired MALDI-MS data as so-called plotted MALDI-MS chromatograms to directly align the MALDI-MS data with ESI-MS extracted ion chromatograms allows the efficient correlation of intact mass toxin results from the two MS-based soft ionization approaches with coagulation bioassay chromatograms. This facilitates the efficient correlation of chromatographic bioassay peaks with the MS data. The correlated toxin masses from ESI-MS and/or MALDI-MS were all around 6-8 or 13-14 kDa, with one mass around 20 kDa. Between 24 and 67% of the toxins were observed with good intensity from both ionization methods, depending on the venom analyzed. All Naja venoms analyzed presented anticoagulation activity, whereas pro-coagulation was only observed for the Pseudonaja textillis venom. The data of MALDI-MS can provide complementary identification and characterization power for toxin research on elapid venoms next to ESI-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Xu
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan El-Asal
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hafsa Zakri
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rama Mutlaq
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natascha T. B. Krikke
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Julien Slagboom
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao W, Liu J, Wang S, Tao Q, Lei Q, Huang C. Varespladib mitigates acute liver injury via suppression of excessive mitophagy on Naja atra envenomed mice by inhibiting PLA 2. Toxicon 2024; 242:107694. [PMID: 38556061 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation often leads to severe visceral injuries, including acute liver injury (ALI). However, the toxicity mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, varespladib can directly inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in snake venom, but its protective effect on snakebite-induced ALI and the mechanism have not been clarified. Previous studies have shown that snake venom PLA2 leads to neuron cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the initial factors related to the mitophagy pathway. The present study group also found that ROS accumulation occurred after Naja atra envenoming. Hematoxylin and eosin (H/E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to identify the expression of inflammatory factors in the liver tissue, and flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to detect ROS levels and mitochondrial function. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were also used for detecting mitophagy pathway-related proteins. The results showed that N. atra bite induced ALI by activating mitophagy and inducing inflammation and that varespladib had a protective effect. Collectively, these results showed the pathological mechanism of ALI caused by N. atra bite and revealed the protective effect of varespladib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Sidan Wang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qinqin Tao
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Qiongqiong Lei
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Chunhong Huang
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sampat GH, Hiremath K, Dodakallanavar J, Patil VS, Harish DR, Biradar P, Mahadevamurthy RK, Barvaliya M, Roy S. Unraveling snake venom phospholipase A 2: an overview of its structure, pharmacology, and inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1454-1473. [PMID: 37926795 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Snake bite is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide. WHO reported approximately 5 million people are bitten by various species of snakes each year, resulting in nearly 1 million deaths and an additional three times cases of permanent disability. Snakes utilize the venom mainly for immobilization and digestion of their prey. Snake venom is a composition of proteins and enzymes which is responsible for its diverse pharmacological action. Snake venom phospholipase A2 (SvPLA2) is an enzyme that is present in every snake species in different quantities and is known to produce remarkable functional diversity and pharmacological action like inflammation, necrosis, myonecrosis, hemorrhage, etc. Arachidonic acid, a precursor to eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, is released when SvPLA2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 positions of membrane glycerophospholipids, which is responsible for its actions. Polyvalent antivenom produced from horses or lambs is the standard treatment for snake envenomation, although it has many drawbacks. Traditional medical practitioners treat snake bites using plants and other remedies as a sustainable alternative. More than 500 plant species from more than 100 families reported having venom-neutralizing abilities. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have the ability to reduce the venom's adverse consequences. Numerous studies have documented the ability of plant chemicals to inhibit the enzymes found in snake venom. Research in recent years has shown that various small molecules, such as varespladib and methyl varespladib, effectively inhibit the PLA2 toxin. In the present article, we have overviewed the knowledge of snake venom phospholipase A2, its classification, and the mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of cytotoxicity, myonecrosis, anticoagulation, and inflammation clinical application and inhibitors of SvPLA2, along with the list of studies carried out to evaluate the potency of small molecules like varespladib and secondary metabolites from the traditional medicine for their anti-PLA2 effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh H Sampat
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Kashinath Hiremath
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Jagadeesh Dodakallanavar
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Vishal S Patil
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Darasaguppe R Harish
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.
| | - Prakash Biradar
- KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India.
| | | | - Manish Barvaliya
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - Subarna Roy
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Puzari U, Goswami M, Rani K, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Computational and in vitro analyses to identify the anticoagulant regions of Echicetin, a snake venom anticoagulant C-type lectin (snaclec): possibility to develop anticoagulant peptide therapeutics? J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15569-15583. [PMID: 36994880 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2191138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Snake venom C-type lectins (Snaclecs) display anticoagulant and platelet-modulating activities; however, their interaction with the critical components of blood coagulation factors was unknown. Computational analysis revealed that Echicetin (Snaclec from Echis carinatus venom) interacted with heavy chain of thrombin, and heavy and light chains of factor Xa (FXa). Based on FXa and thrombin binding regions of Echicetin, the two synthetic peptides (1A and 1B) were designed. The in silico binding studies of the peptides with thrombin and FXa showed that peptide 1B interacted with both heavy and light chains of thrombin and, peptide 1A interacted with only heavy chain of thrombin. Similarly, peptide 1B interacted with both heavy and light chains of FXa; however, peptide 1A interacted only with heavy chain of FXa. Alanine screening predicted the hot-spots residues for peptide 1A (Aspartic acid6, Valine8, Valine9, and Tyrosine17 with FXa, and Isoleucine14, Lysine15 with thrombin) and peptide 1B (Valine16 with FXa). Spectrofluorometric interaction study showed a lower Kd value for peptide 1B binding with both FXa and thrombin than peptide 1A, indicating higher binding strength of the former peptide. The circular dichroism spectroscopy also established the interaction between thrombin and the custom peptides. The in vitro study demonstrated higher anticoagulant activity of peptide 1B than peptide 1A due to higher inhibition of thrombin and FXa. Inhibition of anticoagulant activity of the peptides by respective anti-peptide antibodies corroborates our hypothesis that peptides 1A and 1B represent the anticoagulant regions of Echicetin and may be developed as antithrombotic peptide drug prototypes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Puzari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Mahasweta Goswami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Komal Rani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Echeverría SM, Van de Velde AC, Luque DE, Cardozo CM, Kraemer S, Gauna Pereira MDC, Gay CC. Platelet aggregation inhibitors from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Toxicon 2023; 223:107014. [PMID: 36610603 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that can activate/inhibit platelet aggregation. Bothrops alternatus venom include three main families: metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serinoproteinases (SVSPs) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), among other minor components. In this work, we used inhibitor cocktails (containing Na2-EDTA, PMSF and/or pBPB) to investigate the effect of these three families and of baltergin (a PIII SVMP) on platelet aggregation by a turbidmetric method using a microplate reader. Cocktails 1 (active SVMPs) and 2 (active PLA2s) significantly reduced aggregation induced by ristocetin and collagen and by collagen and thrombin, respectively. Cocktail 3 (active SVSPs) showed a mild activation of aggregation, indicating the content of thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs) in this venom is low. Cocktail 4 (active minor components) displayed inhibitory effect with all agonists assayed (ristocetin, ADP, collagen and thrombin) but at higher IC50 values. Baltergin exhibited inhibitory effect when the catalytic domain was active for ristocetin-stimulated platelet aggregation and showed a non-enzymatic mechanism of inhibition when collagen was used as agonist. It was not able to disaggregate platelet thrombus. We conclude that B. alternatus venom is a source of natural inhibitors of platelet aggregation due to the action of SVMPs and PLA2s. Other minor components such as C-type lectins likely contribute to the antiplatelet effect. The interest in knowing the action of venom components on platelet function lies both in the understanding of the pathophysiology of snake bite envenomation and in their biotechnological application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvina M Echeverría
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Van de Velde
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Daiana E Luque
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Cristhian M Cardozo
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Simón Kraemer
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Gauna Pereira
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Gay
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells: Insights into venom cytotoxicity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:193-230. [PMID: 36707202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Snake envenomation is listed as Category A Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD) by World Health Organization, indicates a severe public health problem. The global figures for envenomation cases are estimated to be more than 1.8 million annually. Even if the affected victims survive the envenomation, they might suffer from permanent morbidity due to local envenomation. One of the most prominent local envenomation is dermonecrosis. Dermonecrosis is a pathophysiological outcome of envenomation that often causes disability in the victims due to surgical amputations, deformities, contracture, and chronic ulceration. The key venom toxins associated with this local symptom are mainly attributed to substantial levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins as well as their possible synergistic actions. Despite so, the severity of the local tissue damage is based on macroscopic observation of the bite areas. Furthermore, limited knowledge is known about the key biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis. The current immunotherapy with antivenom is also ineffective against dermonecrosis. These local effects eventually end up as sequelae. There is also a global shortage of toxins-targeted therapeutics attributed to inadequate knowledge of the actual molecular mechanisms of cytotoxicity. This chapter discusses the characterization of secretory phenotypes of dermonecrosis as an advanced tool to indicate its severity and pathogenesis in envenomation. Altogether, the secretory phenotypes of envenomed cells and tissues represent the precise characteristics of dermonecrosis caused by venom toxins.
Collapse
|
8
|
Arrahman A, Kazandjian TD, Still KBM, Slagboom J, Somsen GW, Vonk FJ, Casewell NR, Kool J. A Combined Bioassay and Nanofractionation Approach to Investigate the Anticoagulant Toxins of Mamba and Cobra Venoms and Their Inhibition by Varespladib. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:736. [PMID: 36355986 PMCID: PMC9695013 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Envenomation by elapid snakes primarily results in neurotoxic symptoms and, consequently, are the primary focus of therapeutic research concerning such venoms. However, mounting evidence suggests these venoms can additionally cause coagulopathic symptoms, as demonstrated by some Asian elapids and African spitting cobras. This study sought to investigate the coagulopathic potential of venoms from medically important elapids of the genera Naja (true cobras), Hemachatus (rinkhals), and Dendroaspis (mambas). Crude venoms were bioassayed for coagulant effects using a plasma coagulation assay before RPLC/MS was used to separate and identify venom toxins in parallel with a nanofractionation module. Subsequently, coagulation bioassays were performed on the nanofractionated toxins, along with in-solution tryptic digestion and proteomics analysis. These experiments were then repeated on both crude venoms and on the nanofractionated venom toxins with the addition of either the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor varespladib or the snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) inhibitor marimastat. Our results demonstrate that various African elapid venoms have an anticoagulant effect, and that this activity is significantly reduced for cobra venoms by the addition of varespladib, though this inhibitor had no effect against anticoagulation caused by mamba venoms. Marimastat showed limited capacity to reduce anticoagulation in elapids, affecting only N. haje and H. haemachatus venom at higher doses. Proteomic analysis of nanofractionated toxins revealed that the anticoagulant toxins in cobra venoms were both acidic and basic PLA2s, while the causative toxins in mamba venoms remain uncertain. This implies that while PLA2 inhibitors such as varespladib and metalloproteinase inhibitors such as marimastat are viable candidates for novel snakebite treatments, they are not likely to be effective against mamba envenomings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Arrahman
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Taline D. Kazandjian
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Kristina B. M. Still
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Slagboom
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J. Vonk
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Puzari U, Fernandes PA, Mukherjee AK. Pharmacological re-assessment of traditional medicinal plants-derived inhibitors as antidotes against snakebite envenoming: A critical review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115208. [PMID: 35314419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional healers have used medicinal plants to treat snakebite envenomation worldwide; however, mostly without scientific validation. There have been many studies on the therapeutic potential of the natural products against snake envenomation. AIM OF THE STUDY This review has highlighted snake venom inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds and peptides from plants that have found a traditional use in treating snakebite envenomation. We have systematically reviewed the scenario of different phases of natural snake venom inhibitors characterization covering a period from 1994 until the present and critically analysed the lacuna of the studies if any, and further scope for their translation from bench to bedside. MATERIALS AND METHODS The medicinal plant-derived compounds used against snakebite therapy were reviewed from the available literature in public databases (Scopus, MEDLINE) from 1994 till 2020. The search words used were 'natural inhibitors against snakebite,' 'natural products as therapeutics against snakebite,' 'natural products as antidote against snake envenomation,' ' snake venom toxin natural inhibitors,' 'snake venom herbal inhibitors'. However, the scope of this review does not include computational (in silico) predictions without any wet laboratory validation and snake venom inhibitory activity of the crude plant extracts. In addition, we have also predicted the ADMET properties of the identified snake venom inhibitors to highlight their valuable pharmacokinetics for future clinical studies. RESULTS The therapeutic application of plant-derived natural inhibitors to treat snakebite envenomation as an auxiliary to antivenom therapy has been gaining significant momentum. Pharmacological reassessment of the natural compounds derived from traditional medicinal plants has demonstrated inhibition of the principal toxic enzymes of snake venoms at various extents to curb the lethal and/or deleterious effects of venomous snakebite. Nevertheless, such molecules are yet to be commercialized for clinical application in the treatment of snakebite. There are many obstacles in the marketability of the plant-derived natural products as snake envenomation antidote and strategies must be explored for the translation of these compounds from drug candidates to their clinical application. CONCLUSION In order to minimize the adverse implications of snake envenomation, strategies must be developed for the smooth transition of these plant-derived small molecule inhibitors from bench to bedside. In this article we have presented an inclusive review and have critically analysed natural products for their therapeutic potential against snake envenomation, and have proposed a road map for use of natural products as antidote against snakebite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Puzari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade De Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharma M, Chaudhary D. In vitro and in vivo implications of rationally designed bromelain laden core-shell hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles for oral administration in thrombosis management. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 42:102543. [PMID: 35189392 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromelain, a dietary supplement of cysteine protease family having promising results against thrombosis, is gaining attention. Yet poor mechanical stability, gastric instability, high oral dose and poor patient compliance restricted its clinical application. Therefore, acid stable bromelain loaded hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles (Br-HNPs) were fabricated and characterized for their contribution to in-vivo stability and therapeutic efficacy in thrombosis management. Comprehensive optimization of various process and formulation variables ensued the formation of nano-sized (120.56 ± 40.12 nm) Br-HNPs with entrapment efficiency of 86.32 ± 5.56%. Spherical core shell framework of Br-HNPs prolonged drug release and provided in-vivo and storage stability at room temperature. Br-HNPs significantly inhibited platelet aggregation without affecting bleeding time and dissolved thrombus at 1.91-fold higher efficacy compared to bromelain. Furthermore, Br-HNPs prevented hypercoagulation states and suppressed cytokines production significantly (P < .05) contributing to its antiplatelet activity. These findings indicated that Br-HNPs could serve as a promising alternative to commercial therapies for management of thrombotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kalita B, Saviola AJ, Samuel SP, Mukherjee AK. State-of-the-art review - A review on snake venom-derived antithrombotics: Potential therapeutics for COVID-19-associated thrombosis? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1040-1057. [PMID: 34656540 PMCID: PMC8514616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent responsible for the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has infected over 185 million individuals across 200 countries since December 2019 resulting in 4.0 million deaths. While COVID-19 is primarily associated with respiratory illnesses, an increasing number of clinical reports indicate that severely ill patients often develop thrombotic complications that are associated with increased mortality. As a consequence, treatment strategies that target COVID-associated thrombosis are of utmost clinical importance. An array of pharmacologically active compounds from natural products exhibit effects on blood coagulation pathways, and have generated interest for their potential therapeutic applications towards thrombotic diseases. In particular, a number of snake venom compounds exhibit high specificity on different blood coagulation factors and represent excellent tools that could be utilized to treat thrombosis. The aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of the current understanding of COVID-19 associated thrombosis, and highlight several snake venom compounds that could be utilized as antithrombotic agents to target this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen P Samuel
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE30 4ET, UK
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Puzari U, Fernandes PA, Mukherjee AK. Advances in the Therapeutic Application of Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Repurposed Drugs against Snakebite. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13938-13979. [PMID: 34565143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization has declared snakebite as a neglected tropical disease. Antivenom administration is the sole therapy against venomous snakebite; however, several limitations of this therapy reinforce the dire need for an alternative and/or additional treatment against envenomation. Inhibitors against snake venoms have been explored from natural resources and are synthesized in the laboratory; however, repurposing of small-molecule therapeutics (SMTs) against the principal toxins of snake venoms to inhibit their lethality and/or obnoxious effect of envenomation has been garnering greater attention owing to their established pharmacokinetic properties, low-risk attributes, cost-effectiveness, ease of administration, and storage stability. Nevertheless, SMTs are yet to be approved and commercialized for snakebite treatment. Therefore, we have systematically reviewed and critically analyzed the scenario of small synthetic inhibitors and repurposed drugs against snake envenomation from 2005 to date and proposed novel approaches and commercialization strategies for the development of efficacious therapies against snake envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Puzari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | - Pedro Alexandrino Fernandes
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre S/N, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India.,Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path Garchuk, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nayak AG, Kumar N, Shenoy S, Roche M. Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:228. [PMID: 33959471 PMCID: PMC8060375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the Indian spectacled cobra, Naja naja (N.N). This study investigates the ability of Indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV), methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in citrated plasma. These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments. Group 1: Without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and Group 2: With prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°C. Venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (175%), PT (49%) and TT (34%) in Group 1 and ASV could completely bring them back to normal. MAP showed a concentration-dependent reversal in aPTT, normalization of PT and prolongation of TT. When low concentration of ASV was supplemented with MAP, their combined effect in normalizing aPTT and PT improved by 37% and 26% respectively when compared to ASV alone. In Group 2, venom caused significant (p < 0.001) prolongation in aPTT (231%), PT (312%) and TT (245%). ASV had limited effect in reversing aPTT (52%), TT (31%) but completely normalized PT. MAP was marginally effective in reversing the prolonged aPTT and PT but caused further prolongation of TT. Combination of ASV and MAP was more effective than ASV alone in reversing venom-induced increase in aPTT (52%) and PT (29%). The study proved that, a drastic reduction of ASV by 70%, could be effectively supplemented by MAP in combating hemostatic abnormalities induced by NN venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, Bihar India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Maya Roche
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kazandjian TD, Arrahman A, Still KBM, Somsen GW, Vonk FJ, Casewell NR, Wilkinson MC, Kool J. Anticoagulant Activity of Naja nigricollis Venom Is Mediated by Phospholipase A2 Toxins and Inhibited by Varespladib. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050302. [PMID: 33922825 PMCID: PMC8145175 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bites from elapid snakes typically result in neurotoxic symptoms in snakebite victims. Neurotoxins are, therefore, often the focus of research relating to understanding the pathogenesis of elapid bites. However, recent evidence suggests that some elapid snake venoms contain anticoagulant toxins which may help neurotoxic components spread more rapidly. This study examines the effects of venom from the West African black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) on blood coagulation and identifies potential coagulopathic toxins. An integrated RPLC-MS methodology, coupled with nanofractionation, was first used to separate venom components, followed by MS, proteomics and coagulopathic bioassays. Coagulation assays were performed on both crude and nanofractionated N. nigricollis venom toxins as well as PLA2s and 3FTx purified from the venom. Assays were then repeated with the addition of either the phospholipase A2 inhibitor varespladib or the snake venom metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat to assess whether either toxin inhibitor is capable of neutralizing coagulopathic venom activity. Subsequent proteomic analysis was performed on nanofractionated bioactive venom toxins using tryptic digestion followed by nanoLC-MS/MS measurements, which were then identified using Swiss-Prot and species-specific database searches. Varespladib, but not marimastat, was found to significantly reduce the anticoagulant activity of N. nigricollis venom and MS and proteomics analyses confirmed that the anticoagulant venom components mostly consisted of PLA2 proteins. We, therefore, conclude that PLA2s are the most likely candidates responsible for anticoagulant effects stimulated by N. nigricollis venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taline D. Kazandjian
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (T.D.K.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Arif Arrahman
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (K.B.M.S.); (G.W.S.)
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampus Baru UI, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Kristina B. M. Still
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (K.B.M.S.); (G.W.S.)
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (K.B.M.S.); (G.W.S.)
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J. Vonk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333CR Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicholas R. Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (T.D.K.); (N.R.C.)
| | - Mark C. Wilkinson
- Centre for Snakebite Research and Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK; (T.D.K.); (N.R.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.); (K.B.M.S.); (G.W.S.)
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1012WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.C.W.); (J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kalita B, Saviola AJ, Mukherjee AK. From venom to drugs: a review and critical analysis of Indian snake venom toxins envisaged as anticancer drug prototypes. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
16
|
Darwish DA, Masoud HMM, Abdel-Monsef MM, Helmy MS, Zidan HA, Ibrahim MA. Phospholipase A2 enzyme from the venom of Egyptian honey bee Apis mellifera lamarckii with anti-platelet aggregation and anti-coagulation activities. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 33443641 PMCID: PMC7809086 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Honey bee venom contains various enzymes with wide medical and pharmaceutical applications. Results The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been apparently purified from the venom of Egyptian honey bee (Apis mellifera lamarckii) 8.9-fold to a very high specific activity of 6033 U/mg protein using DEAE–cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 columns. The purified bee venom PLA2 is monomeric 16 kDa protein and has isoelectric point (pI) of 5.9. The optimal activity of bee venom PLA2 was attained at pH 8 and 45 °C. Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, and Co2+ exhibited a complete activating effect on it, while Zn2+, Mn2+, NaN3, PMSF, N-Methylmaleimide, and EDTA have inhibitory effect. Conclusions The purified bee venom PLA2 exhibited anti-platelet aggregation and anti-coagulation activities which makes it promising agent for developing novel anti-clot formation drugs in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa A Darwish
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan M M Masoud
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Monsef
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Helmy
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hind A Zidan
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ibrahim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mukherjee AK. Species-specific and geographical variation in venom composition of two major cobras in Indian subcontinent: Impact on polyvalent antivenom therapy. Toxicon 2020; 188:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
18
|
Islam T, Majumder M, Kalita B, Bhattacharjee A, Mukhopadhyay R, Mukherjee AK. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses reveal a novel neuritogenesis mechanism of
Naja naja
venom α‐elapitoxin post binding to TrkA receptor of rat pheochromocytoma cells. J Neurochem 2020; 155:612-637. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taufikul Islam
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Munmi Majumder
- Cellular, Molecular, and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics North Eastern Hill University Shillong Meghalaya India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Cellular, Molecular, and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chanda A, Mukherjee AK. Quantitative proteomics to reveal the composition of Southern India spectacled cobra (Naja naja) venom and its immunological cross-reactivity towards commercial antivenom. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:224-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
20
|
Gogoi D, Jha S, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK. A simple, cost‐effective, and rapid separation process for the isolation of anticoagulant active fraction from the fruit extract of
Momordica charantia
: Characterization of bioactive components and anticoagulant mechanism of active fraction in a mouse model. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3902-3912. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Shambhavi Jha
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | | | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu Y, Hu S, Ma Y, Zhao B, Yang W, Lu Y, Li P, Du S. Novel Pheretima guillelmi-derived antithrombotic protein DPf3: Identification, characterization, in vitro evaluation and antithrombotic mechanisms investigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:545-556. [PMID: 32173431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the antithrombotic protein, named DPf3, was purified from Pheretima guillelmi by ion-exchange chromatography. The protein pattern of DPf3 was mainly at 26-34 kDa; its two main proteins, DPf3 ID NO.1 and NO.2, were detected to be 36,121.745 Da and 24,485.004 Da consisting of 329 and 241 amino acids, respectively; the full covered protein sequences were consistent with Ac44553_g1_i1_1 and Dc43026_g1_i1_2 in our previous constructed P. guillelmi local database. The secondary structure of DPf3 is the mixture of α-helix (0.19), β-sheet (0.30) and random coil (0.51). DPf3 was predicted to possess a direct effect on fibrin, fibrinogen and plasminogen by protein-protein docking analysis, which was further confirmed by in vitro and ex vivo study. DPf3 was determined to possess antithrombotic ability by showing outstanding direct-hydrolysis ability on fibrin, fibrinogen and blood clot, and slight plasminogen activation activity. DPf3 could significantly prolong APTT and decrease fibrinogen content, indicating that DPf3 exerted antithrombotic activity via the intrinsic and/or common pathway, and the third coagulation phase. By this approach, the functional protein DPf3 was fully revealed and found to confer excellent anticoagulant and thrombolytic activity, and could be developed into a promising antithrombotic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunnan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengyue Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hashmi SU, Alvi A, Munir I, Perveen M, Fazal A, Jackson TNW, Ali SA. Functional venomics of the Big-4 snakes of Pakistan. Toxicon 2020; 179:60-71. [PMID: 32173354 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In South Asia, the "Big-4" venomous snakes Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus, Daboia russelii, and Echis carinatus are so-called because they are the most medically important snakes in the region. Antivenom is the only effective treatment option for snakebite envenoming but antivenom is not produced domestically in Pakistan making the country reliant on polyvalent products imported from India and Saudi Arabia. The present study investigated the toxin composition and activity of the venoms of Pakistani specimens by means of proteomic and physio/pharmacological experiments. To evaluate the composition of venoms, 1D/2D-PAGE of crude venoms and RP-HPLC followed by SDS-PAGE were performed. Enzymatic, hemolytic, coagulant and platelet aggregating activities of crude venoms were assayed and were concordant with expectations based on the abundance of protein species in each. Neutralization assays were performed using Bharat polyvalent antivenom (BPAV), a product raised against venoms from Big-4 specimens from southern India. BPAV exhibited cross-reactivity against the Pakistani venoms, however, neutralization of clinically relevant activities was variable and rarely complete. Cumulatively, the presented data not only highlight geographical variations present in the venoms of the Big-4 snakes of South Asia, but also demonstrate the neutralization potential of Indian polyvalent against the venom of Pakistani specimens. Given the partial neutralization observed, it is clear that whilst BPAV is a life-saving product in Pakistan, in future it is hoped that a region-specific product might be manufactured domestically, using venoms of local snakes in the immunising mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syeda U Hashmi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Areej Alvi
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Munir
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Perveen
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Amaila Fazal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Timothy N W Jackson
- Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Syed A Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nayak AG, Ahammad J, Kumar N, Shenoy S, Roche M. Can the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata be used as a supplement to anti-snake venom to normalize hemostatic parameters: A thromboelastographic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112480. [PMID: 31857127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA The whole plant (including leaves and roots) is used in traditional Ayurveda and Siddha medicine to treat various clinical conditions such as fever, respiratory tract infections, colic pain, liver disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. It is also used as an antidote for snake-bite, poisonous bites of insects and recommended as a dietary supplement to boost immunity. AIM OF THE STUDY In-vitro thromboelastographic evaluation of the efficacy of methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) in neutralizing the Naja naja (N.N) venom-induced changes in hemostatic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thromboelastographic evaluation of hemostatic parameters was initiated by adding 3μg N.N venom to citrated whole blood from healthy volunteers. The effect of different concentrations of ASV and MAP in neutralizing the toxicity of N.N venom were studied in two groups. In group 1 experiments, citrated whole blood (340μl) was mixed with N.N venom (3μg), immediately followed by successive addition of ASV (5μl, 8μl and 15μl) or MAP (15μg, 30μg, 60μg and 120 μg) or combination of ASV and MAP (3μl ASV+30μg MAP and 3μl ASV+60μg MAP). In group 2 experiments, N.N venom was incubated with whole blood for 90 minutes at 37°C, followed by successive addition of ASV (5μl, 10μl, and 15μl) or MAP (30μg and 60μg) or combination of ASV and MAP (5μl ASV+30μg MAP and 5μl ASV+60μg MAP). RESULT In Group 1 experiments, N.N venom caused significant (p<0.05) increase in R-time, K-time, LY30% and a decrease in angle and MA. Optimum effect on hemostatic parameters was observed at a concentration of 8μl ASV, where all the deleterious effects of the venom were completely reversed. Similarly, the addition of MAP to the assay system could reproduce results as ASV, in reversing the deleterious effects of the venom. This occurred in a concentration-dependent manner, from 15μg-60μg, with the optimum results at 60μg. When ASV concentration was reduced to 3μl and supplemented with MAP (30μg or 60μg), the positive supplementary effect of MAP was demonstrated. In Group 2 experiments, N.N venom caused significant (p<0.05) changes in all TEG parameters, with most deleterious changes observed in MA and LY30% compared to Group 1 experiments. ASV when added in increasing concentrations (5-15μl), had beneficial effects only on K-time, angle, and MA. When added together with ASV, MAP (30μg or 60μg) could significantly (p<0.05) supplement the effect of ASV (5μl) in improving R-time, K-time, and angle. CONCLUSION This in-vitro study demonstrates the effectiveness of MAP as a supplement to ASV in combating the deleterious effects of N.N venom on hemostasis. However, further in-vivo experiments in animal models are required to substantiate these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Javed Ahammad
- Department of Pathology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Maya Roche
- Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Das B, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Correlation of Venom Toxinome Composition of Indian Red Scorpion ( Mesobuthus tamulus) with Clinical Manifestations of Scorpion Stings: Failure of Commercial Antivenom to Immune-Recognize the Abundance of Low Molecular Mass Toxins of This Venom. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1847-1856. [PMID: 32125869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus), with its life-threatening sting, is the world's most dangerous species of scorpion. The toxinome composition of M. tamulus venom was determined by tandem mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of venom protein bands separated by SDS-PAGE. A total of 110 venom toxins were identified from searching the MS data against the Buthidae family (taxid: 6855) of toxin entries in nonredundant protein databases. The Na+ and K+ ion channel toxins taken together are the most abundant toxins (76.7%) giving rise to the neurotoxic nature of this venom. The other minor toxin classes in the M. tamulus venom proteome are serine protease-like protein (2.9%), serine protease inhibitor (2.2%), antimicrobial peptide (2.3%), hyaluronidase (2.2%), makatoxin (2.1%), lipolysis potentiating peptides (1.2%), neurotoxin affecting Cl- channel (1%), parabutoporin (0.6%), Ca2+ channel toxins (0.8%), bradykinin potentiating peptides (0.2%), HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (0.1%), and other toxins with unknown pharmacological activity (7.7%). Several of these toxins have been shown to be promising drug candidates. M. tamulus venom does not show enzymatic activity (phospholipase A2, l-amino acid oxidase, adenosine tri-, di-, and monophosphatase, hyaluronidase, metalloproteinase, and fibrinogenolytic), in vitro hemolytic activity, interference with blood coagulation, or platelet modulation properties. The clinical manifestations post M. tamulus sting have been described in the literature and are well correlated with its venom proteome composition. An abundance of low molecular mass toxins (3-15 kDa) are responsible for exerting the major pharmacological effects of M. tamulus venom, though they are poorly immune-recognized by commercial scorpion antivenom. This is a major concern for the development of effective antivenom therapy against scorpion stings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhabana Das
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Masoud HMM, Helmy MS, Darwish DA, Abdel-Monsef MM, Ibrahim MA. Apyrase with anti-platelet aggregation activity from the nymph of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:349-361. [PMID: 31927645 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00471-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apyrase is one of the essential platelet aggregation inhibitors in hematophagous arthropods due to its ability to hydrolyze ATP and ADP molecules. Here, an apyrase (TNapyrase) with antiplatelet aggregation activity was purified and characterized from the nymphs of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii through anion exchange and gel filtration columns. The homogeneity of TNapyrase was confirmed by native-PAGE, SDS-PAGE as well as with isoelectric focusing. Purified TNapyrase had a molecular mass of 25 kDa and a monomer structure. TNapyrase hydrolyzed various nucleotides in the order of ATP > PPi > ADP > UDP > 6GP. The Km value was 1.25 mM ATP and its optimum activity reached at pH 8.4. The influence of various ions on TNapyrase activity showed that FeCl2, FeCl3 and ZnCl2 are activators of TNapyrase. EDTA inhibited TNapyrase activity competitively with a single binding site on the molecule and Ki value of 2 mM. Finally, TNapyrase caused 70% inhibition of ADP-stimulated platelets aggregation and is a possible target for antibodies in future tick vaccine studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M M Masoud
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Helmy
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Darwish
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Monsef
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Ibrahim
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gogoi D, Ramani S, Bhartari S, Chattopadhyay P, Mukherjee AK. Characterization of active anticoagulant fraction and a fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease from leaves of Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a traditional ethno-medicinal plant used to reduce hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112099. [PMID: 31326559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality and morbidity, causing over 17.9 million deaths a year worldwide. Currently used therapy is often having side effects and expensive, dietary interventions and alternative medicines are required. Clerodendrum colebrookianum has been used to treat cardiac hypertension but anticoagulant potency was not evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY To characterize an active anticoagulant fraction (AAFCC) and a 30 kDa fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease (clerofibrase) isolated from aqueous leave extract of C. colebrookianum. MATERIALS AND METHODS AAFCC/clerofibrase was subjected to extensive biochemical and pharmacological characterization including LC-MS/MS, amino acid compositional and GC-MS analyses. Interaction between clerofibrase with fibrinogen was studied by spectrofluorometric analysis. In vitro thrombolytic, antiplatelet and cytotoxicity assay were performed. In vivo toxicity, anticoagulant, defibrinogen and antithrombotic activities were determined on Swiss albino mice. RESULTS The in vitro anticoagulant activity of AAFCC was found to be superior to heparin and clerofibrase and comparable to Nattokinase and warfarin. The proteomics and amino acid composition analyses suggest that clerofibrase is a previously uncharacterized novel plant protease capable of degrading the -αβ chains of fibrinogen/fibrin. AAFCC/clerofibrase exerts their anticoagulant action via fibrinogenolytic activity and partially by antiplatelet activity albeit they have no effect on thrombin and FXa inhibition. The spectrofluorometric analysis revealed the binding of clerofibrase to fibrinogen but not to thrombin and FXa. The phytochemical constituents and bioactive components of AAFCC were characterized by biochemical, and GC-MS analyses. The AAFCC and clerofibrase inhibited collagen/ADP-induced mammalian platelet aggregation, showed in vitro thrombolytic activity, and non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells. The AAFCC showed and dose-dependent in vivo plasma defibrinogenating and anticoagulant activities and inhibited k-carrageen-induced thrombus formation in the tails of mice. CONCLUSION The potent in vivo anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of AAFCC suggests its pharmacological significance as herbal anticoagulant drug for the prevention and/or treatment of hyperfibrinogenemia- and thrombosis associated cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sheetal Ramani
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Surbhi Bhartari
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur, 784501, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rodrigues JP, Vasconcelos Azevedo FVP, Zoia MAP, Maia LP, Correia LIV, Costa-Cruz JM, de Melo Rodrigues V, Goulart LR. The Anthelmintic Effect on Strongyloides venezuelensis Induced by BnSP- 6, a Lys49-phospholipase A2 Homologue from Bothrops pauloensis Venom. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2032-2040. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190723152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from snake venoms have a broad potential as
pharmacological tools on medicine. In this context, strongyloidiasis is a neglected parasitic disease
caused by helminths of the genus Strongyloides. Currently, ivermectin is the drug of choice for treatment,
however, besides its notable toxicity, therapeutic failures and cases of drug resistance have been
reported. BnSP-6, from Bothorps pauloensis snake venom, is a PLA2 with depth biochemical characterization,
reporting effects against tumor cells and bacteria.
Objective:
The aim of this study is to demonstrate for the first time the action of the PLA2 on Strongyloides
venezuelensis.
Methods:
After 72 hours of treatment with BnSP-6 mortality of the infective larvae was assessed by motility
assay. Cell and parasite viability was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, autophagic vacuoles were labeled with Monodansylcadaverine
(MDC) and nuclei of apoptotic cells were labeled with Propidium Iodide (PI). Tissue degeneration
of the parasite was highlighted by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Results:
The mortality index demonstrated that BnSP-6 abolishes the motility of the parasite. In addition,
the MTT assay attested the cytotoxicity of BnSP-6 at lower concentrations when compared with
ivermectin, while autophagic and apoptosis processes were confirmed. Moreover, the anthelmintic effect
was demonstrated by tissue degeneration observed by TEM. Furthermore, we report that BnSP-6
showed low cytotoxicity on human intestinal cells (Caco-2).
Conclusion:
Altogether, our results shed light on the potential of BNSP-6 as an anthelmintic agent,
which can lead to further investigations as a tool for pharmaceutical discoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Peixoto Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Van Petten Vasconcelos Azevedo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-227, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Pereira Zoia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Larissa Prado Maia
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ian Veloso Correia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-227, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria Costa-Cruz
- Laboratory of Parasitological Diagnostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Campus Umuarama BL-4C, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-227, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Av. Amazonas s/n, Campus Umuarama BL-2E, SL-248, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Trento MVC, Sales TA, de Abreu TS, Braga MA, Cesar PHS, Marques TR, Marcussi S. Exploring the structural and functional aspects of the phospholipase A 2 from Naja spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:49-58. [PMID: 31421173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Naja spp. venom is a natural source of active compounds with therapeutic application potential. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is abundant in the venom of Naja spp. and can perform neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and hematological disorders. The PLA2s from Naja spp. venoms are Asp 49 isoenzymes with the exception of PLA2 Cys 49 from Naja sagittifera. When looking at the functional aspects, the neurotoxicity occurs by PLA2 called β-toxins that have affinity for phosphatidylcholine in nerve endings and synaptosomes membranes, and by α-toxins that block the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junctions. In addition, these neurotoxins may inhibit K+ and Ca++ channels or even interfere with the Na+/K+/ATPase enzyme. The disturbance in the membrane fluidity also results in inhibition of the release of acetylcholine. The PLA2 can act as anticoagulants or procoagulant. The cytotoxicity exerted by PLA2s result from changes in the cardiomyocyte membranes, triggering cardiac failure and hemolysis. The antibacterial activity, however, is the result of alterations that decrease the stability of the lipid bilayer. Thus, the understanding of the structural and functional aspects of PLA2s can contribute to studies on the toxic and therapeutic mechanisms involved in the envenomation by Naja spp. and in the treatment of pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Cardoso Trento
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Thais Aparecida Sales
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Silva de Abreu
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana Aparecida Braga
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Souza Cesar
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara Rezende Marques
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marcussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais 37200-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kalita B, Dutta S, Mukherjee AK. RGD-independent binding of Russell's Viper venom Kunitz-type protease inhibitors to platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8316. [PMID: 31165757 PMCID: PMC6549151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study elucidates the platelet-modulating properties of two snake venom Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, Rusvikunin and Rusvikunin-II, from Russell’s Viper venom, their native and reconstituted complexes, and two synthetic custom peptides (developed from the platelet-binding region of Rusvikunin-II) against mammalian platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and washed platelets. The Rusvikunins and their complexes demonstrated concentration-dependent deaggregation and aggregation of washed platelets independent of von Willebrand factor and/or fibrinogen requirement. At lower concentrations they abolished collagen and ADP-induced platelet aggregation, but at higher concentrations, they progressively decreased the inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation and potentiated the effect of collagen on PRP. Rusvikunin complex/Rusvikunin-II bound to and induced RGD-independent aggregation of α-chymotrypsin-treated platelets. Molecular docking studies suggested interaction of Rusvikunin-II and custom peptides with platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor, which was validated by spectrofluorometry analysis and ELISA. This study reports, for the first time, an RGD-independent binding of a snake venom component to the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sumita Dutta
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Comparative analysis of Naja kaouthia venom from North-East India and Bangladesh and its cross reactivity with Indian polyvalent antivenoms. Toxicon 2019; 164:31-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
31
|
Kalita B, Mukherjee AK. Recent advances in snake venom proteomics research in India: a new horizon to decipher the geographical variation in venom proteome composition and exploration of candidate drug prototypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42485-019-00014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
32
|
Patra A, Chanda A, Mukherjee AK. Quantitative proteomic analysis of venom from Southern India common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) and identification of poorly immunogenic toxins by immune-profiling against commercial antivenom. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:457-469. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1609945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dutta S, Sinha A, Dasgupta S, Mukherjee AK. Binding of a Naja naja venom acidic phospholipase A 2 cognate complex to membrane-bound vimentin of rat L6 cells: Implications in cobra venom-induced cytotoxicity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:958-977. [PMID: 30776333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An acidic phospholipase A2 enzyme (NnPLA2-I) interacts with three finger toxins (cytotoxin and neurotoxin) from Naja naja venom to form cognate complexes to enhance its cytotoxicity towards rat L6 myogenic cells. The cytotoxicity was further enhanced in presence of trace quantity of venom nerve growth factor. The purified rat myoblast cell membrane protein showing interaction with NnPLA2-I was identified as vimentin by LC-MS/MS analysis. The ELISA, immunoblot and spectrofluorometric analyses showed greater binding of NnPLA2-I cognate complex to vimentin as compared to the binding of individual NnPLA2-I. The immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy studies evidenced the internalization of NnPLA2-I to partially differentiated myoblasts post binding with vimentin in a time-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of polyvalent antivenom with NnPLA2-I cognate complex demonstrated better neutralization of cytotoxicity towards L6 cells as compared to exogenous addition of polyvalent antivenom 60-240 min post treatment of L6 cells with cognate complex suggesting clinical advantage of early antivenom treatment to prevent cobra venom-induced cytotoxicity. The in silico analysis showed that 19-22 residues, inclusive of Asp48 residue, of NnPLA2-I preferentially binds with the rod domain (99-189 and 261-335 regions) of vimentin with a predicted free binding energy (ΔG) and dissociation constant (KD) values of -12.86 kcal/mol and 3.67 × 10-10 M, respectively; however, NnPLA2-I cognate complex showed greater binding with the same regions of vimentin indicating the pathophysiological significance of cognate complex in cobra venom-induced cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Dutta
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Archana Sinha
- Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Suman Dasgupta
- Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chanda A, Kalita B, Patra A, Senevirathne WDST, Mukherjee AK. Proteomic analysis and antivenomics study of Western India Naja naja venom: correlation between venom composition and clinical manifestations of cobra bite in this region. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 16:171-184. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1559735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| | - Wanigasingha. D. Sandani T. Senevirathne
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
- Deptartment of Rabies and Vaccine Quality Control, Medical Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gogoi D, Pal A, Chattopadhyay P, Paul S, Deka RC, Mukherjee AK. First Report of Plant-Derived β-Sitosterol with Antithrombotic, in Vivo Anticoagulant, and Thrombus-Preventing Activities in a Mouse Model. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2521-2530. [PMID: 30406661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of thrombin, a key enzyme in the blood coagulation cascade, are of great interest because of their selective specificity and effectiveness in anticoagulation therapy against cardiovascular disorders. The natural soybean phytosterol, β-sitosterol (BSS) demonstrated anticoagulant activity by dose-dependent inhibition of thrombin in an uncompetitive manner with a Ki value of 0.267 μM as well as by partial inhibition of thrombin-catalyzed platelet aggregation with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 10.45 ± 2.88 μM against platelet-rich plasma and 9.2 ± 1.2 μM against washed platelets. An in silico study indicated binding of BSS to thrombin, which was experimentally verified by spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses. Under in vitro conditions, BSS demonstrated thrombolytic activity by activating plasminogen, albeit it is devoid of protease (fibrinogenolytic) activity. BSS was noncytotoxic to mammalian cells, nonhemolytic, demonstrated its in vivo anticoagulant activity when administered orally, and inhibited k-carrageen-induced thrombus formation in the tails of mice. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation of BSS may help to prevent thrombosis-associated cardiovascular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anirban Pal
- In-vivo Testing Laboratory, Molecular Bioprospection Department , Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants , Lucknow , India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology , Defense Research Laboratory , Tezpur , Assam , India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chanda A, Patra A, Kalita B, Mukherjee AK. Proteomics analysis to compare the venom composition between Naja naja and Naja kaouthia from the same geographical location of eastern India: Correlation with pathophysiology of envenomation and immunological cross-reactivity towards commercial polyantivenom. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:949-961. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1538799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kalita B, Singh S, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Quantitative proteomic analysis and antivenom study revealing that neurotoxic phospholipase A 2 enzymes, the major toxin class of Russell's viper venom from southern India, shows the least immuno-recognition and neutralization by commercial polyvalent antivenom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:375-385. [PMID: 29924981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proteome composition of Russell's viper venom (RVV) from southern India (SI) was investigated by 1D-SDS-PAGE of venom followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis of protein bands. A total of 66 proteins belonging to 14 snake venom protein families were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis against Viperidae (taxid 8689) protein entries from the non-redundant NCBI database. Phospholipase A2 (43.25%) and snaclec (14.57%) represented the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively. SI RVV was characterized as containing a higher quantity of PLA2 and a lower amount of Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, in comparison to RVV from other regions of the Indian subcontinent. The enzymatic activities, pharmacological properties, and clinical manifestations of RV envenomation in SI were well correlated with its proteome composition; however, ATPase, ADPase, and hyaluronidase enzymes were not identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, owing to paucity of the existing database. Neurological symptoms exhibited by RV-bite patients in SI were correlated to the presence of abundant neurotoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes (15.66%) in SI RVV. Neutralization studies, immunological cross-reactivity, and antivenomics studies unequivocally demonstrated the poor recognition and lowest neutralization of PLA2 enzymes by commercial polyvalent antivenom, which is a major concern for the treatment of RV-envenomed patients in SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sudeepa Singh
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Patra A, Kalita B, Mukherjee AK. Assessment of quality, safety, and pre-clinical toxicity of an equine polyvalent anti-snake venom (Pan Africa): Determination of immunological cross-reactivity of antivenom against venom samples of Elapidae and Viperidae snakes of Africa. Toxicon 2018; 153:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Kalita B, Patra A, Das A, Mukherjee AK. Proteomic Analysis and Immuno-Profiling of Eastern India Russell's Viper ( Daboia russelii) Venom: Correlation between RVV Composition and Clinical Manifestations Post RV Bite. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2819-2833. [PMID: 29938511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteomes of Russell's viper venom (RVV) from Burdwan (RVV B) and Nadia (RVV N), the two districts of West Bengal, eastern India (EI), were investigated by gel-filtration chromatography (GFC) followed by tandem mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments of the fractions. A total of 73 and 69 proteins belonging to 15 snake venom protein families were identified in RVV B and RVV N, respectively, by MS/MS search against Viperidae (taxid 8689) protein entries of the nonredundant NCBI database. The minor differences in venom composition of both the EI RV were established unequivocally by their biochemical and pharmacological properties and by SDS-PAGE, gel filtration chromatography, and LC-MS/MS analyses. The composition of EI RVVs was well correlated with published reports on the pathophysiology of RV-envenomed patients from this part of the country. Venom-antivenom cross-reactivity determined by ELISA, Western blotting, and antivenomics approaches demonstrated poor recognition of low molecular mass (<20 kDa) RVV proteins by commercial polyvalent antivenoms, which was substantiated by neutralization of RVV enzymes by antivenom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Anjali Das
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028 , Assam , India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kalita B, Patra A, Jahan S, Mukherjee AK. First report of the characterization of a snake venom apyrase (Ruviapyrase) from Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:639-648. [PMID: 29325746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel apyrase from Russell's viper venom (RVV) was purified and characterized, and it was named Ruviapyrase (Russell's viper apyrase). It is a high molecular weight (79.4 kDa) monomeric glycoprotein that contains 2.4% neutral sugars and 58.4% N-linked oligosaccharides and strongly binds to Concanavalin A. The LC-MS/MS analysis did not identify any protein in NCBI protein database, nevertheless some de novo sequences of Ruviapyrase showed putative conserved domain of apyrase superfamily. Ruviapyrase hydrolysed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to a significantly greater extent (p < .05) as compared to adenosine diphosphate (ADP); however, it was devoid of 5'-nucleotidase and phosphodiesterase activities. The Km and Vmax values for Ruviapyrase towards ATP were 2.54 μM and 615 μM of Pi released min-1, respectively with a turnover number (Kcat) of 24,600 min-1. Spectrofluorometric analysis demonstrated interaction of Ruviapyrase with ATP and ADP at Kd values of 0.92 nM and 1.25 nM, respectively. Ruviapyrase did not show cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) cells and haemolytic activity, it exhibited marginal anticoagulant and strong antiplatelet activity, and dose-dependently reversed the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The catalytic activity and platelet deaggregation property of Ruviapyrase was significantly inhibited by EDTA, DTT and IAA, and neutralized by commercial monovalent and polyvalent antivenom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Shagufta Jahan
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Anticoagulant mechanism, pharmacological activity, and assessment of preclinical safety of a novel fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease from leaves of Leucas indica. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6210. [PMID: 29670183 PMCID: PMC5906637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24422-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The harnessing of medicinal plants containing a plethora of bioactive molecules may lead to the discovery of novel, potent and safe therapeutic agents to treat thrombosis-associated cardiovascular diseases. A 35 kDa (m/z 34747.5230) serine protease (lunathrombase) showing fibrin(ogen)olytic activity and devoid of N- and O- linked oligosaccharides was purified from an extract of aqueous leaves from L. indica. The LC-MS/MS analysis, de novo sequencing, secondary structure, and amino acid composition determination suggested the enzyme’s novel characteristic. Lunathrombase is an αβ-fibrinogenase, demonstrating anticoagulant activity with its dual inhibition of thrombin and FXa by a non-enzymatic mechanism. Spectrofluorometric and isothermal calorimetric analyses revealed the binding of lunathrombase to fibrinogen, thrombin, and/or FXa with the generation of endothermic heat. It inhibited collagen/ADP/arachidonic acid-induced mammalian platelet aggregation, and demonstrated antiplatelet activity via COX-1 inhibition and the upregulation of the cAMP level. Lunathrombase showed in vitro thrombolytic activity and was not inhibited by endogenous protease inhibitors α2 macroglobulin and antiplasmin. Lunathrombase was non-cytotoxic to mammalian cells, non-hemolytic, and demonstrated dose-dependent (0.125–0.5 mg/kg) in vivo anticoagulant and plasma defibrinogenation activities in a rodent model. Lunathrombase (10 mg/kg) did not show toxicity or adverse pharmacological effects in treated animals.
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang SZ, Qin ZH. Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Regulatory Actions of Naja naja atra Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E100. [PMID: 29495566 PMCID: PMC5869388 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) is composed of various proteins, peptides, and enzymes with different biological and pharmacological functions. A number of previous studies have reported that NNAV exerts potent analgesic effects on various animal models of pain. The clinical studies using whole venom or active components have confirmed that NNAV is an effective and safe medicine for treatment of chronic pain. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that NNAV has anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory actions in vitro and in vivo. In this review article, we summarize recent studies of NNAV and its components on inflammation and immunity. The main new findings in NNAV research show that it may enhance innate and humoral immune responses while suppressing T lymphocytes-mediated cellular immunity, thus suggesting that NNAV and its active components may have therapeutic values in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhi Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bora B, Gogoi D, Tripathy D, Kurkalang S, Ramani S, Chatterjee A, Mukherjee AK. The N-terminal-truncated recombinant fibrin(ogen)olytic serine protease improves its functional property, demonstrates in vivo anticoagulant and plasma defibrinogenation activity as well as pre-clinical safety in rodent model. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 111:462-474. [PMID: 29292153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An N-terminal truncated fibrino(geno)lytic serine protease gene encoding a ~42kDa protein from Bacillus cereus strain AB01 was produced by error prone PCR, cloned into pET19b vector, and expressed in E5 coli BL21 DE3 cells. The deletion of 24 amino acid residues from N-terminal of wild-type Bacifrinase improves the catalytic activity of [Bacifrinase (ΔN24)]. The anticoagulant potency of [Bacifrinase (ΔN24)] was comparable to Nattokinase and Warfarin and results showed that its anticoagulant action is contributed by progressive defibrinogenation and antiplatelet activities. Nonetheless, at the tested concentration of 2.0μM [Bacifrinase (ΔN24)] did not show in vitro cytotoxicity or chromosomal aberrations on human embryonic kidney cells-293 (HEK-293) and human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) cells. [Bacifrinase (ΔN24)], at a dose of 2mg/kg, did not show toxicity, adverse pharmacological effects, tissue necrosis or hemorrhagic effect after 72h of its administration in Swiss albino mice. However, at the tested doses of 0.125 to 0.5mg/kg, it demonstrated significant in anticoagulant effect as well as defibrinogenation after 6h of administration in mice. We propose that [Bacifrinase (ΔN24)] may serve as prototype for the development of potent drug to prevent hyperfibrinogenemia related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Bora
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Debabrata Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Sillarine Kurkalang
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Sheetal Ramani
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Patra A, Kalita B, Chanda A, Mukherjee AK. Proteomics and antivenomics of Echis carinatus carinatus venom: Correlation with pharmacological properties and pathophysiology of envenomation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17119. [PMID: 29215036 PMCID: PMC5719401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteome composition of Echis carinatus carinatus venom (ECV) from India was studied for the first time by tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 90, 47, and 22 distinct enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins belonging to 15, 10, and 6 snake venom protein families were identified in ECV by searching the ESI-LC-MS/MS data against non-redundant protein databases of Viperidae (taxid 8689), Echis (taxid 8699) and Echis carinatus (taxid 40353), respectively. However, analysis of MS/MS data against the Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly sequences (87 entries) of conger E. coloratus identified only 14 proteins in ECV. Snake venom metalloproteases and snaclecs, the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively in ECV account for defibrinogenation and the strong in vitro pro-coagulant activity. Further, glutaminyl cyclase, aspartic protease, aminopeptidase, phospholipase B, vascular endothelial growth factor, and nerve growth factor were reported for the first time in ECV. The proteome composition of ECV was well correlated with its biochemical and pharmacological properties and clinical manifestations observed in Echis envenomed patients. Neutralization of enzymes and pharmacological properties of ECV, and immuno-cross-reactivity studies unequivocally point to the poor recognition of <20 kDa ECV proteins, such as PLA2, subunits of snaclec, and disintegrin by commercial polyvalent antivenom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Abhishek Chanda
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Thakur R, Mukherjee AK. Pathophysiological significance and therapeutic applications of snake venom protease inhibitors. Toxicon 2017; 131:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
46
|
Kalita B, Patra A, Mukherjee AK. Unraveling the Proteome Composition and Immuno-profiling of Western India Russell's Viper Venom for In-Depth Understanding of Its Pharmacological Properties, Clinical Manifestations, and Effective Antivenom Treatment. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:583-598. [PMID: 27936776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The proteome composition of western India (WI) Russell's viper venom (RVV) was correlated with pharmacological properties and pathological manifestations of RV envenomation. Proteins in the 5-19 and 100-110 kDa mass ranges were the most predominate (∼35.1%) and least abundant (∼3.4%) components, respectively, of WI RVV. Non-reduced SDS-PAGE indicated the occurrence of multiple subunits, non-covalent oligomers, self-aggregation, and/or interactions among the RVV proteins. A total of 55 proteins belonging to 13 distinct snake venom families were unambiguously identified by ESI-LC-MS/MS analysis. Phospholipase A2 (32.5%) and Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors (12.5%) represented the most abundant enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins, respectively. However, ATPase, ADPase, and hyaluronidase, detected by enzyme assays, were not identified by proteomic analysis owing to limitations in protein database deposition. Several biochemical and pharmacological properties of WI RVV were also investigated. Neurological symptoms exhibited by some RV-bite patients in WI may be correlated to the presence of neurotoxic phospholipase A2 enzymes and Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor complex in this venom. Monovalent antivenom was found to be better than polyvalent antivenom in immuno-recognition and neutralization of the tested pharmacological properties and enzyme activities of WI RVV; nevertheless, both antivenoms demonstrated poor cross-reactivity and neutralization of pharmacological activities shown by low-molecular-mass proteins (<18 kDa) of this venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Aparup Patra
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Proteomic analysis to unravel the complex venom proteome of eastern India Naja naja: Correlation of venom composition with its biochemical and pharmacological properties. J Proteomics 2017; 156:29-39. [PMID: 28062377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex venom proteome of the eastern India (EI) spectacled cobra (Naja naja) was analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry of cation-exchange venom fractions. About 75% of EI N. naja venom proteins were <18kDa and cationic at physiological pH of blood. SDS-PAGE (non-reduced) analysis indicated that in the native state venom proteins either interacted with each-other or self-aggregated resulting in the formation of higher molecular mass complexes. Proteomic analysis revealed that 43 enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins in EI N. naja venom with a percent composition of about 28.4% and 71.6% respectively were distributed over 15 venom protein families. The three finger toxins (63.8%) and phospholipase A2s (11.4%) were the most abundant families of non-enzymatic and enzymatic proteins, respectively. nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the occurrence of acetylcholinesterase, phosphodiesterase, cholinesterase and snake venom serine proteases in N. naja venom previously not detected by proteomic analysis. ATPase, ADPase, hyaluronidase, TAME, and BAEE-esterase activities were detected by biochemical analysis; however, due to a limitation in the protein database depository they were not identified in EI N. naja venom by proteomic analysis. The proteome composition of EI N. naja venom was well correlated with its in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties in experimental animals and envenomed human. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Proteomic analysis reveals the complex and diverse protein profile of EI N. naja venom which collectively contributes to the severe pathophysiological manifestation upon cobra envenomation. The study has also aided in comprehending the compositional variation in venom proteins of N. naja within the Indian sub-continent. In addition, this study has also identified several enzymes in EI N. naja venom which were previously uncharacterized by proteomic analysis of Naja venom.
Collapse
|
48
|
Mukherjee AK, Kalita B, Mackessy SP. A proteomic analysis of Pakistan Daboia russelii russelii venom and assessment of potency of Indian polyvalent and monovalent antivenom. J Proteomics 2016; 144:73-86. [PMID: 27265321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To address the dearth of knowledge on the biochemical composition of Pakistan Russell's Viper (Daboia russelii russelii) venom (RVV), the venom proteome has been analyzed and several biochemical and pharmacological properties of the venom were investigated. SDS-PAGE (reduced) analysis indicated that proteins/peptides in the molecular mass range of ~56.0-105.0kDa, 31.6-51.0kDa, 15.6-30.0kDa, 9.0-14.2kDa and 5.6-7.2kDa contribute approximately 9.8%, 12.1%, 13.4%, 34.1% and 30.5%, respectively of Pakistan RVV. Proteomics analysis of gel-filtration peaks of RVV resulted in identification of 75 proteins/peptides which belong to 14 distinct snake venom protein families. Phospholipases A2 (32.8%), Kunitz type serine protease inhibitors (28.4%), and snake venom metalloproteases (21.8%) comprised the majority of Pakistan RVV proteins, while 11 additional families accounted for 6.5-0.2%. Occurrence of aminotransferase, endo-β-glycosidase, and disintegrins is reported for the first time in RVV. Several of RVV proteins/peptides share significant sequence homology across Viperidae subfamilies. Pakistan RVV was well recognized by both the polyvalent (PAV) and monovalent (MAV) antivenom manufactured in India; nonetheless, immunological cross-reactivity determined by ELISA and neutralization of pro-coagulant/anticoagulant activity of RVV and its fractions by MAV surpassed that of PAV. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study establishes the proteome profile of the Pakistan RVV, thereby indicating the presence of diverse proteins and peptides that play a significant role in the pathophysiology of RVV bite. Further, the proteomic findings will contribute to understand the variation in venom composition owing to different geographical location and identification of pharmacologically important proteins in Pakistan RVV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India; School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639-0017, USA.
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639-0017, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bora B, Biswas AD, Gurung AB, Bhattacharjee A, Mattaparthi VSK, Mukherjee AK. An in silico approach to understand the structure–function properties of a serine protease (Bacifrinase) from Bacillus cereus and experimental evidence to support the interaction of Bacifrinase with fibrinogen and thrombin. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:622-644. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1158665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Bora
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Akash Deep Biswas
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Arun Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Atanu Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, Meghalaya, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K. Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sharma M, Iyer JK, Shih N, Majumder M, Mattaparthi VSK, Mukhopadhyay R, Doley R. Daboxin P, a Major Phospholipase A2 Enzyme from the Indian Daboia russelii russelii Venom Targets Factor X and Factor Xa for Its Anticoagulant Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153770. [PMID: 27089306 PMCID: PMC4835082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study a major protein has been purified from the venom of Indian Daboia russelii russelii using gel filtration, ion exchange and Rp-HPLC techniques. The purified protein, named daboxin P accounts for ~24% of the total protein of the crude venom and has a molecular mass of 13.597 kDa. It exhibits strong anticoagulant and phospholipase A2 activity but is devoid of any cytotoxic effect on the tested normal or cancerous cell lines. Its primary structure was deduced by N-terminal sequencing and chemical cleavage using Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. It is composed of 121 amino acids with 14 cysteine residues and catalytically active His48 -Asp49 pair. The secondary structure of daboxin P constitutes 42.73% of α-helix and 12.36% of β-sheet. It is found to be stable at acidic (pH 3.0) and neutral pH (pH 7.0) and has a Tm value of 71.59 ± 0.46°C. Daboxin P exhibits anticoagulant effect under in-vitro and in-vivo conditions. It does not inhibit the catalytic activity of the serine proteases but inhibits the activation of factor X to factor Xa by the tenase complexes both in the presence and absence of phospholipids. It also inhibits the tenase complexes when active site residue (His48) was alkylated suggesting its non-enzymatic mode of anticoagulant activity. Moreover, it also inhibits prothrombinase complex when pre-incubated with factor Xa prior to factor Va addition. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy and affinity chromatography suggest the probable interaction of daboxin P with factor X and factor Xa. Molecular docking analysis reveals the interaction of the Ca+2 binding loop; helix C; anticoagulant region and C-terminal region of daboxin P with the heavy chain of factor Xa. This is the first report of a phospholipase A2 enzyme from Indian viper venom which targets both factor X and factor Xa for its anticoagulant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitreyee Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | - Janaki Krishnamurthy Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norrapat Shih
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Munmi Majumder
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | | | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| | - Robin Doley
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|