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Aloke C, Onisuru OO, Achilonu I. Glutathione S-transferase: A versatile and dynamic enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150774. [PMID: 39366175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic and versatile group of enzymes referred to as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play diverse roles in cellular detoxification, safeguarding hosts from oxidative damage, and performing various other functions. This review explores different classes of GST, existence of polymorphisms in GST, functions of GST and utilizations of GST inhibitors in treatment of human diseases. The study indicates that the cytosolic GSTs, mitochondrial GSTs, microsomal GSTs, and bacterial proteins that provide resistance to Fosfomycin are the major classes. Given a GST, variation in its expression and function among individuals is due to the presence of polymorphic alleles that encode it. Genetic polymorphism might result in the modification of GST activity, thereby increasing individuals' vulnerability to harmful chemical compounds. GSTs have been demonstrated to play a regulatory function in cellular signalling pathways through kinases, S-Glutathionylation, and in detoxification processes. Various applications of bacterial GSTs and their potential roles in plants were examined. Targeting GSTs, especially GSTP1-1, is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cancer and diseases linked to abnormal cell proliferation. Their role in cancer cell growth, differentiation, and resistance to anticancer agents makes them promising targets for drug development, offering prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyere Aloke
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Olalekan Olugbenga Onisuru
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function and Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Ferreira AL, de Souza E Silva W, da Silva HNP, de Freitas Milarch C, Palheta GDA, Heinzmann BM, Pinheiro CG, Baldisserotto B, Favero GC, Luz RK. Oxidative responses in small juveniles of Colossoma macropomum anesthetized and sedated with Ocimum gratissimum L. essential oil. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1461-1481. [PMID: 38722480 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the use of essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOOG) for anesthesia and in transport of Colossoma macropomum. Experiment 1, Test 1, anesthesia induction and recovery times were determined using different EOOG concentrations (0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 300 mg L-1), with two size classes: Juveniles I (0.86 g) and Juveniles II (11.46 g) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). Based on the results of Test 1, in Test 2 Juveniles II were exposed to EOOG concentrations: 0, 20, 100 mg L-1. Tissue samples were collected immediately after induction and 1 h post-recovery, to assess oxidative status variables. Experiment 2, Juveniles I (0.91 g) and Juveniles II (14.76 g) were submitted to transport in water with different concentrations of EOOG (0, 5, 10 mg L-1) (independent tests in a completely randomized design). The effects on oxidative status variables were evaluated. Concentrations between 50 and 200 mg L-1 EOOG can be indicated for Juveniles I, while concentrations between 50 and 100 mg L-1 EOOG for Juveniles II. The concentration of 100 mg L-1 EOOG was able to prevent oxidative damage in the liver. In Experiment 2, the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg L-1 EOOG added to the transport water caused sedation for both studied size classes of juveniles and did not cause oscillations in water quality variables nor any mortality. The concentration of 10 mg L-1 EOOG improved the oxidative status. It can be concluded that EOOG can be used for anesthesia and transport of C. macropomum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Lima Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30161-970, Brazil.
| | - Walisson de Souza E Silva
- Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Curauma, Avenida Universidad, 330, Valparaíso, 2373223, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Hugo Napoleão Pereira da Silva
- Universidade Federal Do Oeste Do Pará, Instituto de Ciências E Tecnologia das Águas, Rua Vera Paz, S/N, Santarém, PA, 68035-110, Brazil
| | - Carine de Freitas Milarch
- Instituto Superior E Centro Educacional Luterano, Bom Jesus - IELUSC, Rua Princesa Isabel,438, Joinville, SC, CEP 89201-270, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia E Farmacologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Glauber David Almeida Palheta
- Programa de Pós Graduação Em Aquicultura E Recursos Aquáticos Tropicais, Instituto Socioambiental E Dos Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Avenida Tancredo Neves, 2501, Belém, PA, CEP 66077-830, Brazil
| | - Berta Maria Heinzmann
- Departamento de Farmácia Industrial, Laboratório de Extrativos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Extrativos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Florestal, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Garrido Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Extrativos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Engenharia Florestal, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Departamento de Fisiologia E Farmacologia, Laboratório de Fisiologia de Peixes, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele Cristina Favero
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30161-970, Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 30161-970, Brazil
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Arbildi P, Muniz-Lagos AC, Fernández E, Giorgi R, Wiater K, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Fernández V. Immunization with a Mu-class glutathione transferase from Echinococcus granulosus induces efficient antibody responses and confers long-term protection against secondary cystic echinococcosis. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105364. [PMID: 38777107 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, a zoonosis caused by cestodes belonging to the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) genetic complex, affects humans and diverse livestock species. Although a veterinary vaccine exhibiting high levels of antibody-mediated protection has successfully reached the market, the large genetic diversity among parasite isolates and their particular host preferences, makes still necessary the search for novel vaccine candidates. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) constitute attractive targets for immunoprophylaxis due to their outstanding relevance in helminth detoxification processes, against both exogenous and endogenous stressors. Among the six GSTs known to be expressed in E. granulosus s.l., EgGST1 (Mu-class), EgGST2 (Sigma-class), and EgGST3 (a still non-classifiable isoenzyme), show the highest proteomic expression. Therefore, their recombinant forms -rEgGST1, rEgGST2 and rEgGST3- were herein analyzed regarding their potential to induce long-term antiparasite protection in mice. Only immunization with rEgGST1 induced long-lasting protection; and accordingly, rEgGST1-specific antibodies enhanced the parasite killing through both the classical activation of the host complement system and the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by macrophages. These results support further testing of rEgGST1 as a vaccine candidate in diverse hosts due to the broad expression of EgGST1 in different parasite stages and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arbildi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Clara Muniz-Lagos
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosina Giorgi
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Kai Wiater
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Verónica Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene "Prof. Arnoldo Berta", Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Petiot N, Schwartz M, Delarue P, Senet P, Neiers F, Nicolaï A. Structural Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster GSTome. Biomolecules 2024; 14:759. [PMID: 39062473 PMCID: PMC11274691 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase (GST) is a superfamily of ubiquitous enzymes, multigenic in numerous organisms and which generally present homodimeric structures. GSTs are involved in numerous biological functions such as chemical detoxification as well as chemoperception in mammals and insects. GSTs catalyze the conjugation of their cofactor, reduced glutathione (GSH), to xenobiotic electrophilic centers. To achieve this catalytic function, GSTs are comprised of a ligand binding site and a GSH binding site per subunit, which is very specific and highly conserved; the hydrophobic substrate binding site enables the binding of diverse substrates. In this work, we focus our interest in a model organism, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (D. mel), which comprises 42 GST sequences distributed in six classes and composing its GSTome. The goal of this study is to describe the complete structural GSTome of D. mel to determine how changes in the amino acid sequence modify the structural characteristics of GST, particularly in the GSH binding sites and in the dimerization interface. First, we predicted the 3D atomic structures of each GST using the AlphaFold (AF) program and compared them with X-ray crystallography structures, when they exist. We also characterized and compared their global and local folds. Second, we used multiple sequence alignment coupled with AF-predicted structures to characterize the relationship between the conservation of amino acids in the sequence and their structural features. Finally, we applied normal mode analysis to estimate thermal B-factors of all GST structures of D. mel. Particularly, we extracted flexibility profiles of GST and identify key residues and motifs that are systematically involved in the ligand binding/dimerization processes and thus playing a crucial role in the catalytic function. This methodology will be extended to guide the in silico design of synthetic GST with new/optimal catalytic properties for detoxification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Petiot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon, France; (N.P.); (P.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Mathieu Schwartz
- Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.S.); (F.N.)
| | - Patrice Delarue
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon, France; (N.P.); (P.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon, France; (N.P.); (P.D.); (P.S.)
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- Flavour Perception: Molecular Mechanims (Flavours), INRAE, CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France; (M.S.); (F.N.)
| | - Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS–Université de Bourgogne, 21078 Dijon, France; (N.P.); (P.D.); (P.S.)
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Parcharidou E, Dücker R, Beffa R. Genome-wide study of glutathione transferases and their regulation in flufenacet susceptible and resistant black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3035-3046. [PMID: 38323683 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes with a wide range of functions, including herbicide detoxification. Up-regulation of GSTs and their detoxification activity enables the grass weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) to metabolize the very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor flufenacet and other herbicides leading to multiple herbicide resistance. However, the genomic organization and regulation of GSTs genes is still poorly understood. RESULTS In this genome-wide study the location and expression of 115 GSTs were investigated using a recently published black-grass genome. Particularly, the most abundant GSTs of class tau and phi were typically clustered and often followed similar expression patterns but possessed divergent upstream regulatory regions. Similarities were found in the promoters of the most up-regulated GSTs, which are located next to each other in a cluster. The binding motif of the E2F/DP transcription factor complex in the promoter of an up-regulated GST was identical in susceptible and resistant plants, however, adjacent sequences differed. This led to a stronger binding of proteins to the motif of the susceptible plant, indicating repressor activity. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes the first analysis dealing with the genomic investigation of GST genes found in black-grass and their transcriptional regulation. It highlights the complexity of the evolution of GSTs in black-grass, their duplication and divergence over time. The large number of GSTs allows weeds to detoxify a broad spectrum of herbicides. Ultimately, more research is needed to fully elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GST expression. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evlampia Parcharidou
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecka Dücker
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Beffa
- Senior Scientist Consultant, Liederbach am Taunus, Germany
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Kapkaç HA, Arslanyolu M. Molecular Cloning, Expression and Enzymatic Characterization of Tetrahymena thermophila Glutathione-S-Transferase Mu 34. Protein J 2024; 43:613-626. [PMID: 38743189 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes (GSTs) are essential components of the phase II detoxification system and protect organisms from oxidative stress induced by xenobiotics and harmful toxins such as 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). In Tetrahymena thermophila, the TtGSTm34 gene was previously reported to be one of the most responsive GST genes to CDNB treatment (LD50 = 0.079 mM). This study aimed to determine the kinetic features of recombinantly expressed and purified TtGSTm34 with CDNB and glutathione (GSH). TtGSTm34-8xHis was recombinantly produced in T. thermophila as a 25-kDa protein after the cloning of the 660-bp full-length ORF of TtGSTm34 into the pIGF-1 vector. A three-dimensional model of the TtGSTm34 protein constructed by the AlphaFold and PyMOL programs confirmed that it has structurally conserved and folded GST domains. The recombinant production of TtGSTm34-8xHis was confirmed by SDS‒PAGE and Western blot analysis. A dual-affinity chromatography strategy helped to purify TtGSTm34-8xHis approximately 3166-fold. The purified recombinant TtGSTm34-8xHis exhibited significantly high enzyme activity with CDNB (190 µmol/min/mg) as substrate. Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed Km values of 0.68 mM with GSH and 0.40 mM with CDNB as substrates, confirming its expected high affinity for CDNB. The optimum pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 25 °C, respectively. Ethacrynic acid inhibited fully TtGSTm34-8xHis enzyme activity. These results imply that TtGSTm34 of T. thermophila plays a major role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as CDNB, as a first line of defense in aquatic protists against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Açelya Kapkaç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir, 26470, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Arslanyolu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Eskisehir Technical University, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir, 26470, Turkey.
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Miranda‐Blancas R, Rodríguez‐Lima O, García‐Gutiérrez P, Flores‐López R, Jiménez L, Zubillaga RA, Rudiño‐Piñera E, Landa A. Biochemical characterization and gene structure analysis of the 24-kDa glutathione transferase sigma from Taenia solium. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:726-739. [PMID: 38514457 PMCID: PMC11073501 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium can cause human taeniasis and/or cysticercosis. The latter can in some instances cause human neurocysticercosis which is considered a priority in disease-control strategies and the prevention of mental health problems. Glutathione transferases are crucial for the establishment and long-term survival of T. solium; therefore, we structurally analyzed the 24-kDa glutathione transferase gene (Ts24gst) of T. solium and biochemically characterized its product. The gene promoter showed potential binding sites for transcription factors and xenobiotic regulatory elements. The gene consists of a transcription start site, four exons split by three introns, and a polyadenylation site. The gene architecture is conserved in cestodes. Recombinant Ts24GST (rTs24GST) was active and dimeric. Anti-rTs24GST serum showed slight cross-reactivity with human sigma-class GST. A 3D model of Ts24GST enabled identification of putative residues involved in interactions of the G-site with GSH and of the H-site with CDNB and prostaglandin D2. Furthermore, rTs24GST showed optimal activity at 45 °C and pH 9, as well as high structural stability in a wide range of temperatures and pHs. These results contribute to the better understanding of this parasite and the efforts directed to fight taeniasis/cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Miranda‐Blancas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
| | - Oscar Rodríguez‐Lima
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
| | | | - Roberto Flores‐López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Unidad de PosgradoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
| | - Lucía Jiménez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
| | - Rafael A. Zubillaga
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityMexico
| | - Enrique Rudiño‐Piñera
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMexico
| | - Abraham Landa
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico
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Zhang R, Yang J, Hu J, Yang F, Liang J, Xue H, Wei X, Fu B, Huang M, Du H, Wang C, Su Q, Yang X, Zhang Y. Glutathione S-transferase directly metabolizes imidacloprid in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105863. [PMID: 38685216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci poses a significant threat to various crops and ornamental plants and causes severe damage to the agricultural industry. Over the past few decades, B. tabaci has developed resistance to several pesticides, including imidacloprid. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism that leads to insecticide detoxification is very important for controlling B. tabaci and managing whitefly resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. Among insect detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II detoxification enzyme that helps detoxify exogenous toxic substances. In this study, we cloned the BtGSTz1 gene and observed that its expression level was greater in imidacloprid-resistant populations than sensitive populations of B. tabaci. By silencing BtGSTz1 via RNA interference, we found a significant increase in the mortality of imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci. Additionally, prokaryotic expression and in vitro metabolism studies revealed that the recombinant BtGSTz1 protein could metabolize 36.36% of the total imidacloprid, providing direct evidence that BtGSTz1 plays a crucial role in the detoxification of imidacloprid. Overall, our study elucidated the role of GSTs in physiological activities related to insecticide resistance, which helps clarify the resistance mechanisms conferred by GSTs and provides useful insights for sustainable integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Jinjin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xuegao Wei
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Buli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Mingjiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - He Du
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Su
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Hubei Engineering Technology Center for Forewarning and Management of Agricultural and Forestry Pests, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Youjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Park H, Kim HS, Abassi S, Bui QTN, Ki JS. Two novel glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in the toxic marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum and their transcriptional responses to environmental contaminants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169983. [PMID: 38215848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study identified two novel glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes from the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum and examined their molecular characteristics and transcriptional responses to algicides and environmental contaminants. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that both ApGSTs are cytosolic, belonging to the chi-like class (ApGST1) and an undefined class (ApGST2). The overall expression of ApGSTs showed similar patterns depending on the exposed contaminants, while they were differently regulated by polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB). Copper treatments (CuCl2 and CuSO4) did not significantly induce the expression of ApGSTs. The highest up-regulations of ApGST1 and ApGST2 were under 6-h treatments of 0.10 and 0.50 mg L-1 NaOCl. Interestingly, only ApGST1 increased significantly after 0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg L-1 of PCB exposure (6 h). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased considerably under NaOCl; however, it was not significantly higher in the PCB-treated cells. GST activity was increased by NaOCl and PCB treatments, but only PCB caused apoptosis. These results suggest that GSTs are involved in the first line of phase II detoxification, protecting dinoflagellate cells against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Park
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sol Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sofia Abassi
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Quynh Thi Nhu Bui
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Life Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gao X, Gao Z, Zhang M, Qiao H, Jiang S, Zhang W, Xiong Y, Jin S, Fu H. Identifying Relationships between Glutathione S-Transferase-2 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Hypoxia Tolerance and Growth Traits in Macrobrachium nipponense. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:666. [PMID: 38473051 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating hypoxia tolerance and growth trait single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Macrobrachium nipponense is conducive to cultivating prawns with hypoxia tolerance and good growth characteristics. The glutathione S-transferase-2 gene (GST-2) has been shown to regulate hypoxia responses in M. nipponense. In this study, we identified a single GST-2 SNP in M. nipponense, and analyzed its regulatory relationship with hypoxia tolerance and growth. The GST-2 sequence was amplified with a polymerase chain reaction from 197 "Taihu Lake No. 3", "Taihu Lake No. 2", and Pearl River population samples to identify SNP loci. The full-length Mn-GST2 sequence was 2317 bp, including three exons and two introns. In total, 38 candidate SNP loci were identified from GST-2 using Mega11.0 comparisons, with most loci moderately polymorphic in terms of genetic diversity. Locus genotypes were also analyzed, and basic genetic parameters for loci were calculated using Popgene32 and PIC_CALC. The expected heterozygosity of the 38 SNP loci ranged from 0.2334 to 0.4997, with an average of 0.4107, while observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.1929 to 0.4721, with an average of 0.3401. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.21 to 0.37. From SPSS analyses, the G+256A locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance across all three M. nipponense populations, while the SNP loci A+261C, C+898T, A+1370C, and G+1373T were significantly associated with growth traits. Further analyses revealed that the T+2017C locus was significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 2" populations, G+256A, A+808T, C+1032T, and A+1530G loci were significantly correlated with hypoxia tolerance in "Taihu Lake No. 3" populations, while no SNP loci were correlated with hypoxia tolerance in Pearl River populations. A+1370C and G+1373T loci, which were associated with growth traits, exhibited a high degree of linkage disequilibrium (r2 = 0.89 and r2 > 0.8), suggesting potential genetic linkage. Our data suggest associations between hypoxia tolerance and growth trait SNP loci in M. nipponense, and provide valuable evidence for the genetic improvement of growth and hypoxia tolerance in this prawn species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanbin Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Zijian Gao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Minglei Zhang
- Shandong Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute, Jinan 250013, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sufei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yiwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hongtuo Fu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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11
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Moural TW, Koirala B K S, Bhattarai G, He Z, Guo H, Phan NT, Rajotte EG, Biddinger DJ, Hoover K, Zhu F. Architecture and potential roles of a delta-class glutathione S-transferase in protecting honey bee from agrochemicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141089. [PMID: 38163465 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The European honey bee, Apis mellifera, serves as the principle managed pollinator species globally. In recent decades, honey bee populations have been facing serious health threats from combined biotic and abiotic stressors, including diseases, limited nutrition, and agrochemical exposure. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying xenobiotic adaptation of A. mellifera is critical, considering its extensive exposure to phytochemicals and agrochemicals present in the environment. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive structural and functional characterization of AmGSTD1, a delta class glutathione S-transferase (GST), to unravel its roles in agrochemical detoxification and antioxidative stress responses. We determined the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of a honey bee GST using protein crystallography for the first time, providing new insights into its molecular structure. Our investigations revealed that AmGSTD1 metabolizes model substrates, including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNA), phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), propyl isothiocyanate (PITC), and the oxidation byproduct 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Moreover, we discovered that AmGSTD1 exhibits binding affinity with the fluorophore 8-Anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS), which can be inhibited with various herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, and their metabolites. These findings highlight the potential contribution of AmGSTD1 in safeguarding honey bee health against various agrochemicals, while also mitigating oxidative stress resulting from exposure to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Moural
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Sonu Koirala B K
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gaurab Bhattarai
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Ziming He
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Haoyang Guo
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Ngoc T Phan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, USA; Research Center for Tropical Bees and Beekeeping, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Edwin G Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - David J Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA.
| | - Kelli Hoover
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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12
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Lv N, Huang C, Huang H, Dong Z, Chen X, Lu C, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Diseases: Drug Targets and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1970. [PMID: 38001822 PMCID: PMC10668987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a major class of phase II metabolic enzymes. Besides their essential role in detoxification, GSTs also exert diverse biological activities in the occurrence and development of various diseases. In the past few decades, much research interest has been paid to exploring the mechanisms of GST overexpression in tumor drug resistance. Correspondingly, many GST inhibitors have been developed and applied, solely or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tumors. Moreover, novel roles of GSTs in other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, have been recognized in recent years, although the exact regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review, firstly summarizes the roles of GSTs and their overexpression in the above-mentioned diseases with emphasis on the modulation of cell signaling pathways and protein functions. Secondly, specific GST inhibitors currently in pre-clinical development and in clinical stages are inventoried. Lastly, applications of GST inhibitors in targeting cell signaling pathways and intracellular biological processes are discussed, and the potential for disease treatment is prospected. Taken together, this review is expected to provide new insights into the interconnection between GST overexpression and human diseases, which may assist future drug discovery targeting GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Haoyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengcan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
- Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
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13
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Sun R, Hong B, Reichelt M, Luck K, Mai DT, Jiang X, Gershenzon J, Vassão DG. Metabolism of plant-derived toxins from its insect host increases the success of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1693-1704. [PMID: 37479887 PMCID: PMC10504261 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana is a soil fungus that parasitizes a large number of arthropod species, including numerous crop pests, causing white muscardine disease and is therefore used as a biological insecticide. However, some insects, such as the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae), defend themselves chemically by sequestering dietary pro-toxins (glucosinolates) from their Brassicales host plants. Glucosinolates are accumulated by cabbage aphids and activated to form toxic isothiocyanates when under attack. While isothiocyanate formation protects aphids against most attackers, B. bassiana is still able to infect the cabbage aphid under natural conditions. We therefore investigated how this fungus is able to circumvent the chemical defense system of the cabbage aphid. Here, we describe how B. bassiana infection activates the cabbage aphid defense system, but the resulting toxins are metabolized by B. bassiana via the mercapturic acid pathway, of which the first step is catalyzed by glutathione-S-transferases of low substrate specificity. This detoxification pathway enhances B. bassiana growth when isothiocyanates are present in natural concentrations, and so appears to be an important factor in fungal parasitization of these chemically defended aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Benke Hong
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Reichelt
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Luck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Duc Tam Mai
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Xingcong Jiang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Giddings Vassão
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Biochemistry, Jena, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Department of Archaeology, Jena, Germany.
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14
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Lu C, Zhang P, Li S, Cheng M, Duan D. Isolation and characterization of glutathione S-transferase genes and their transcripts in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) during development and under abiotic stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:436. [PMID: 37723443 PMCID: PMC10506224 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a crucial enzyme for metabolism, detoxification, and stress resistance in organisms. Many GSTs have been identified in seaweeds, but the isolation and functional analysis of GSTs in Saccharina japonica have not been completed. RESULT In this study, a total of 32 SjGST genes, localized on 10 scaffolds and 6 contigs, were identified and categorized into three groups. Most of these SjGSTs were presumed to be distributed in the cytoplasm. Tandem duplication had a significant influence on the expansion of the SjGST gene family. Functional analysis of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions demonstrated that SjGSTs enhance the stress resistance of the kelp. Quantitative real-time PCR tests confirmed that SjGSTs positively influence S. japonica sporophytes under stress from low salinity, drought, and high temperature. Recombinant yeast tests further affirmed the role of SjGSTs in stress resistance; SjGSTs improved the growth rate of recombinant yeast under 1.5 M NaCl or 8 mM H2O2. Analysis of biochemical parameters indicated that the optimum temperatures for SjGST20 and SjGST22 were 20 °C, and the optimum pH values were 7.0 and 8.0 for SjGST20 and SjGST22, respectively. The Km values for the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were 2.706 mM and 0.674 mM and were 6.146 mM and 3.559 mM for the substrate glutathione (GSH) for SjGST20 and SjGST22, respectively. CONCLUSION SjGSTs are important stress resistant genes in S. japonica. This research results will enhance our understanding the function of GSTs in brown seaweeds, and explained its functional roles in stress resistance in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- Key Lab of Breeding Biotechnology & Sustainable Aquaculture, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Pengyan Zhang
- Functional Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Division of Mariculture Ecology and Technology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Lab of Breeding Biotechnology & Sustainable Aquaculture, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Functional Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhen Cheng
- Key Lab of Breeding Biotechnology & Sustainable Aquaculture, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
- Functional Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Delin Duan
- Key Lab of Breeding Biotechnology & Sustainable Aquaculture, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China.
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15
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Huang P, Cao L, Du J, Gao J, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Li Q, Nie Z, Xu G. Effects of Prometryn Exposure on Hepatopancreas Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Flora in Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea: Decapoda). Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1548. [PMID: 37627543 PMCID: PMC10451815 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that long-term exposure to prometryn (a widely used herbicide) can induce toxicity in bony fish and shrimp. Our previous study demonstrated its 96 h acute toxicity on the crab Eriocheir sinensis. However, studies on whether longer exposure to prometryn with a lower dose induces toxicity in E. sinensis are scarce. Therefore, we conducted a 20 d exposure experiment to investigate its effects on the hepatopancreas and intestine of E. sinensi. Prometryn reduce the activities of antioxidant enzymes, increase the level of lipid peroxidation and cause oxidative stress. Moreover, long-term exposure resulted in immune and detoxification fatigue, while short-term exposure to prometryn could upregulate the expression of genes related to immunity, inflammation and detoxification. Prometryn altered the morphological structure of the hepatopancreas (swollen lumen) and intestine (shorter intestinal villi, thinner muscle layer and thicker peritrophic membrane). In addition, prometryn changed the species composition of the intestinal flora. In particular, Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria showed a dose-dependent decrease accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in Firmicutes at the phylum level. At the genus level, all exposure groups significantly increased the abundance of Zoogloea and a Firmicutes bacterium ZOR0006, but decreased Shewanella abundance. Interestingly, Pearson correlation analysis indicated a potential association between differential flora and hepatopancreatic disorder. Phenotypic abundance analysis indicated that changes in the gut flora decreased the intestinal organ's resistance to stress and increased the potential for opportunistic infection. In summary, our research provides new insights into the prevention and defense strategies in response to external adverse environments and contributes to the sustainable development of E. sinensis culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liping Cao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Jinliang Du
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (P.H.); (L.C.); (J.D.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (J.G.)
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16
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Schalamun M, Molin EM, Schmoll M. RGS4 impacts carbohydrate and siderophore metabolism in Trichoderma reesei. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:372. [PMID: 37400774 PMCID: PMC10316542 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptation to complex, rapidly changing environments is crucial for evolutionary success of fungi. The heterotrimeric G-protein pathway belongs to the most important signaling cascades applied for this task. In Trichoderma reesei, enzyme production, growth and secondary metabolism are among the physiological traits influenced by the G-protein pathway in a light dependent manner. RESULTS Here, we investigated the function of the SNX/H-type regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) protein RGS4 of T. reesei. We show that RGS4 is involved in regulation of cellulase production, growth, asexual development and oxidative stress response in darkness as well as in osmotic stress response in the presence of sodium chloride, particularly in light. Transcriptome analysis revealed regulation of several ribosomal genes, six genes mutated in RutC30 as well as several genes encoding transcription factors and transporters. Importantly, RGS4 positively regulates the siderophore cluster responsible for fusarinine C biosynthesis in light. The respective deletion mutant shows altered growth on nutrient sources related to siderophore production such as ornithine or proline in a BIOLOG phenotype microarray assay. Additionally, growth on storage carbohydrates as well as several intermediates of the D-galactose and D-arabinose catabolic pathway is decreased, predominantly in light. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that RGS4 mainly operates in light and targets plant cell wall degradation, siderophore production and storage compound metabolism in T. reesei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schalamun
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430 Austria
| | - Eva Maria Molin
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430 Austria
| | - Monika Schmoll
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, Tulln, 3430 Austria
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Centre of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, Vienna, 1030 Austria
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17
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Jia R, Quan D, Min X, Nie X, Huang X, Ge J, Ren Q. Glutathione S-transferase gene diversity and their regulation by Nrf2 in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) during nitrite stress. Gene 2023; 864:147324. [PMID: 36863531 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Eriocheir sinensis is one of the most important economic aquatic products in China. However, nitrite pollution has become a serious threat to the healthy culture of E. sinensis. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II detoxification enzyme, which plays a leading role in the cellular detoxification of exogenous substances. In this study, we obtained 15 GST genes (designated as EsGST1-15) from E. sinensis, and their expression and regulation in E. sinensis under nitrite stress were studied. EsGST1-15 belonged to different GST subclasses. EsGST1, EsGST2, EsGST3, EsGST4, and EsGST5 belonged to Delta-class GSTs; EsGST6 and EsGST7 are Theta-class GSTs; EsGST8 is a mGST-3-class GST; EsGST9 belonged to mGST-1-class GSTs; EsGST10 and EsGST11 belonged to Sigma-class GSTs; EsGST12, EsGST13, and EsGST14 are Mu-class GSTs; EsGST15 is a Kappa-class GST. Tissue distribution experiments showed that EsGSTs were widely distributed in all detected tissues. The expression level of EsGST1-15 was significantly increased in the hepatopancreas under nitrite stress, indicating that EsGSTs were involved in the detoxification of E. sinensis under nitrite stress. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that can activate the expression of detoxification enzyme. We detected the expression of EsGST1-15 after interfering with EsNrf2 in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis with or without nitrite stress. Results showed that EsGST1-15 were all regulated by EsNrf2 with or without nitrite stress. Our study provides new information about the diversity, expression, and regulation of GSTs in E. sinensis under nitrite stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Derun Quan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xiuwen Min
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Ximei Nie
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210023, China.
| | - Jiachun Ge
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210017, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210044, China.
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Duarte C, Gravato C, Di Lorenzo T, Reboleira ASPS. Acetaminophen induced antioxidant and detoxification responses in a stygobitic crustacean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121749. [PMID: 37127234 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A variety of veterinary and human medicinal products (VHMPs) are found in groundwater, an often-neglected habitat inhabited by species with unique traits, stygobitic species. It is crucial to understand the effect of VHMPs on stygobitic species because they may respond differently to stressors than surface species. Our hypothesis is that groundwater species may be more susceptible to environmental contaminants due to less plasticity in their detoxification response and acquisition of energy because subterranean habitats are more stable and isolated from anthropogenic activities. We performed a battery of biomarkers associated with important physiological functions on the stygobitic asellid crustacean Proasellus lusitanicus, after a 14-day exposure to acetaminophen, a commonly used pharmaceutical and pollutant of groundwaters. Our results show an decrease in total glutathione levels and an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, suggesting a successful detoxification response. This helps explaining why acetaminophen did not cause oxidative damage, as well as had no effect cholinesterase activity nor in aerobic production of energy. This study shows the remarkable capacity of P. lusitanicus to tolerate sublethal concentrations of VHMP acetaminophen. Most ecotoxicological studies on stygobitic species focused on the lethal effects of these compound. The present study focus on consequences at sublethal concentrations. Future studies should assess the stress levels induced to better predict and estimate the impacts of contaminants on groundwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gravato
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiziana Di Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems of the National Research Council of Italy (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna Del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, 90133, Italy
| | - Ana Sofia P S Reboleira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Sun X, Liu W, Peng Y, Meng L, Zhang J, Pan Y, Wang D, Zhu J, Wang C, Yan C. Genome-wide analyses of Glutathione S-transferase gene family and expression profiling under deltamethrin exposure in non-biting midge Propsilocerus akamusi. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101081. [PMID: 37150092 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are major enzymes in detoxification phase II, and have been functioned in resistance to various insecticides or oxidative stress. Herein, we selected the non-biting midge, Propsilocerus akamusi, widespread in Asian aquatic ecosystems, to uncover the gene location, structure, and phylogenetics relationship of GSTs at genome scale first time. Thirty-three cytosolic and four microsomal GST genes were identified and located on the four chromosomes. The cytosolic GSTs involved in the eight subclasses and five GST genes were unclassified. The expansion of GST genes in P. akamusi experienced duplication events on the delta, theta, xi, iota, and unclassified subclasses. The RNA-Seq analyses and RT-qPCR validation showed that the expression of PaGSTt2 gene is significantly elevated, with deltamethrin concentration increasing. The tertiary structure of PaGSTt2 enzyme was reconstructed, which was different from the other theta gene in the active site. In addition, the GST genes of six chironomids were first described based on the assembled genomes to explore the difference of those in the adaptation to kinds of environments. The GST frame for P. akmusi and its expression profiles provide valuable resources to understand their role in insecticide resistance of this species, as well as those of other biting midges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingfei Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahan Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuncai Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China.
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20
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Das BK, Khan WA, Sreekumar SN, Ponraj K, Achary VMM, Reddy ES, Balasubramaniam D, Chandele A, Reddy MK, Arockiasamy A. Plant dehydroascorbate reductase moonlights as membrane integrated ion channel. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 741:109603. [PMID: 37084805 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are only known as soluble antioxidant enzymes of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway. They recycle ascorbate from dehydroascorbate, thereby protecting plants from oxidative stress and the resulting cellular damage. DHARs share structural GST fold with human chloride intracellular channels (HsCLICs) which are dimorphic proteins that exists in soluble enzymatic and membrane integrated ion channel forms. While the soluble form of DHAR has been extensively studied, the existence of a membrane integrated form remains unknown. We demonstrate for the first time using biochemistry, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, and bilayer electrophysiology that Pennisetum glaucum DHAR (PgDHAR) is dimorphic and is localized to the plant plasma membrane. In addition, membrane translocation increases under induced oxidative stress. Similarly, HsCLIC1 translocates more into peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) plasma membrane under induced oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, purified soluble PgDHAR spontaneously inserts and conducts ions in reconstituted lipid bilayers, and the addition of detergent facilitates insertion. In addition to the well-known soluble enzymatic form, our data provides conclusive evidence that plant DHAR also exists in a novel membrane-integrated form. Thus, the structure of DHAR ion channel form will help gain deeper insights into its function across various life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaba Krishna Das
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Wajahat Ali Khan
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sreeshma Nellootil Sreekumar
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Kannapiran Ponraj
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - V Mohan Murali Achary
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - D Balasubramaniam
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malireddy K Reddy
- Crop Improvement Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Arulandu Arockiasamy
- Membrane Protein Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Miles S, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Fernández V. Identification of Omega-class glutathione transferases in helminths of the Taeniidae family. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2023; 254:111559. [PMID: 37024059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferase enzymes (GSTs) are believed to be a major detoxification system in helminth parasites and have been associated with immunomodulation of the host response. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least five different GSTs, but no Omega-class enzymes have been reported in this parasite or in any other cestode. Herein we report the identification of a new member of the GST superfamily in E. granulosus s.l., which is phylogenetically related to the Omega-class: EgrGSTO. Through mass spectrometry, we showed that the 237 amino acids protein EgrGSTO is expressed by the parasite. Moreover, we identified homologues of EgrGSTO in other eight members of the Taeniidae family, including E. canadensis, E. multilocularis, E. oligarthrus, Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Taenia asiatica, T. multiceps, T. saginata and T. solium. A manual sequence inspection and rational modification yielded eight Taeniidae's GSTO sequences, each one encoding for a 237 aa polypeptide showing 80.2% overall identity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of genes encoding for Omega-class GSTs in worms belonging to the Taeniidae family -that at least in E. granulosus s.l. is expressed as a protein- suggesting the gene encodes for a functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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22
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Schwartz M, Perrot T, Beurton J, Zannini F, Morel-Rouhier M, Gelhaye E, Neiers F, Schaniel D, Favier F, Jacquot JP, Leroy P, Clarot I, Boudier A, Didierjean C. Structural insights into the interactions of glutathione transferases with a nitric oxide carrier and sodium nitroprusside. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 649:79-86. [PMID: 36758482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases are detoxification enzymes with multifaceted roles, including a role in the metabolism and scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) compounds in cells. Here, we explored the ability of Trametes versicolor glutathione transferases (GSTs) from the Omega class (TvGSTOs) to bind metal-nitrosyl compounds. TvGSTOs have been studied previously for their ligandin role and are interesting models to study protein‒ligand interactions. First, we determined the X-ray structure of the TvGSTO3S isoform bound to the dinitrosyl glutathionyl iron complex (DNGIC), a physiological compound involved in the storage of nitric oxide. Our results suggested a different binding mode compared to the one previously described in human GST Pi 1 (GSTP1). Then, we investigated the manner in which TvGSTO3S binds three nonphysiological metal-nitrosyl compounds with different metal cores (iron, ruthenium and osmium). We assayed sodium nitroprusside, a well-studied vasodilator used in cases of hypertensive crises or heart failure. Our results showed that the tested GST can bind metal-nitrosyls at two distinct binding sites. Thermal shift analysis with six isoforms of TvGSTOs identified TvGSTO6S as the best interactant. Using the Griess method, TvGSTO6S was found to improve the release of nitric oxide from sodium nitroprusside in vitro, whereas the effects of human GST alpha 1 (GSTA1) and GSTP1 were moderate. Our results open new structural perspectives for understanding the interactions of glutathione transferases with metal-nitrosyl compounds associated with the biochemical mechanisms of NO uptake/release in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Schwartz
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2, F-54000, Nancy, France; CSGA, INRAE, University of Burgundy, CNRS, Institut Agro, F-21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Thomas Perrot
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jordan Beurton
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Fabrice Neiers
- CSGA, INRAE, University of Burgundy, CNRS, Institut Agro, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Leroy
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Igor Clarot
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Ariane Boudier
- Université de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000, Nancy, France
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23
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Wang L, Fu H, Zhao J, Wang J, Dong S, Yuan X, Li X, Chen M. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Family in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1138. [PMID: 36904001 PMCID: PMC10005783 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a critical superfamily of multifunctional enzymes in plants. As a ligand or binding protein, GSTs regulate plant growth and development and detoxification. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv) could respond to abiotic stresses through a highly complex multi-gene regulatory network in which the GST family is also involved. However, GST genes have been scarcely studied in foxtail millet. Genome-wide identification and expression characteristics analysis of the foxtail millet GST gene family were conducted by biological information technology. The results showed that 73 GST genes (SiGSTs) were identified in the foxtail millet genome and were divided into seven classes. The chromosome localization results showed uneven distribution of GSTs on the seven chromosomes. There were 30 tandem duplication gene pairs belonging to 11 clusters. Only one pair of SiGSTU1 and SiGSTU23 were identified as fragment duplication genes. A total of ten conserved motifs were identified in the GST family of foxtail millet. The gene structure of SiGSTs is relatively conservative, but the number and length of exons of each gene are still different. The cis-acting elements in the promoter region of 73 SiGST genes showed that 94.5% of SiGST genes possessed defense and stress-responsive elements. The expression profiles of 37 SiGST genes covering 21 tissues suggested that most SiGST genes were expressed in multiple organs and were highly expressed in roots and leaves. By qPCR analysis, we found that 21 SiGST genes were responsive to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). Taken together, this study provides a theoretical basis for identifying foxtail millet GST family information and improving their responses to different stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources in Southern Yunnan, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jiagang Wang
- National Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (in preparation), Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Shuqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture (in preparation), College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Mingxun Chen
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Liu L, Zheng S, Yang D, Zheng J. Genome-wide in silico identification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family members in fig ( Ficus carica L.) and expression characteristics during fruit color development. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14406. [PMID: 36718451 PMCID: PMC9884035 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GSTs), a large and diverse group of multi-functional enzymes (EC 2.5.1.18), are associated with cellular detoxification, various biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as secondary metabolites transportation. Here, 53 members of the FcGST gene family were screened from the genome database of fig (Ficus carica), which were further classified into five subfamilies, and the tau and phi were the major subfamilies. These genes were unevenly distributed over all the 13 chromosomes, and 12 tandem and one segmental duplication may contribute to this family expansion. Syntenic analysis revealed that FcGST shared closer genetic evolutionary origin relationship with species from the Ficus genus of the Moraceae family, such as F. microcarpa and F. hispida. The FcGST members of the same subfamily shared similar gene structure and motif distribution. The α helices were the chief structure element in predicted secondary and tertiary structure of FcGSTs proteins. GO and KEGG indicated that FcGSTs play multiple roles in glutathione metabolism and stress reactions as well as flavonoid metabolism. Predictive promoter analysis indicated that FcGSTs gene may be responsive to light, hormone, stress stimulation, development signaling, and regulated by MYB or WRKY. RNA-seq analysis showed that several FcGSTs that mainly expressed in the female flower tissue and peel during 'Purple-Peel' fig fruit development. Compared with 'Green Peel', FcGSTF1, and FcGSTU5/6/7 exhibited high expression abundance in the mature fruit purple peel. Additionally, results of phylogenetic sequences analysis, multiple sequences alignment, and anthocyanin content together showed that the expression changes of FcGSTF1, and FcGSTU5/6/7 may play crucial roles in fruit peel color alteration during fruit ripening. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the GST gene family in fig, thus facilitating the further clarification of the molecular function and breeding utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Liu
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuxuan Zheng
- Xiayi Branch of Henan Agricultural Radio and Television School, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Dekun Yang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
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Chen WQ, Liu SS, Cheng C, Cui J, Wang ZQ, Zhang X. Molecular characteristics of glutathione transferase gene family in a neglect medical Spirometra tapeworm. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1035767. [PMID: 36406076 PMCID: PMC9666886 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1035767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Spirometra mansoni is a neglect medical tapeworm, its plerocercoid larvae can parasitize in humans and animals, causing sparganosis. In this study, 17 new members of the glutathione transferase (GST) family were sequenced and characterized in S. mansoni. Clustering analysis displayed the categorization of SmGSTs into two main clades. RT-qPCR illustrated that 7 GST genes were highly expressed in the plerocercoid stage while 8 GSTs were highly expressed in the adult. rSmGST has the typical C- and N-terminal double domains of glutathione transferase. Immunolocalization revealed that natural SmGST is mainly located in the epidermis and parenchyma of plerocercoid, and in the epidermis, parenchyma, uterus and egg shell of adult worm. The optimum activity for rSmGST was found to be pH 6.5 and 25°C. The evolutionary tree showed a high level of diversity of cestodes GSTs. SmGSTs contained both conserved family members and members in the process of further diversification. The findings in this study will lay a foundation to better explore the underlying mechanisms of GSTs involved in Spirometra tapeworms.
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Chowdhary AB, Singh J, Quadar J, Singh S, Singh A, Dutta R, Angmo D, Vig AP. Metsulfuron-methyl induced physiological, behavioural and biochemical changes in exotic (Eisenia fetida) and indigenous (Metaphire posthuma) earthworm species: Toxicity and molecular docking studies. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105276. [PMID: 36464335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In modern agricultural practices, Metsulfuron-methyl (sulfonylurea herbicide) is widely employed to inhibit the weeds and grasses. The current study revealed that Metaphire posthuma was more sensitive than Eisenia fetida against Metsulfuron-methyl (MSM). The LC50 values for Eisenia fetida were 2884.08 mgkg-1 and 1871.18 mgkg-1after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Similarly, the LC50 values for Metaphire posthuma were 2449.34 mgkg-1 and 1673.10 mgkg-1for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Reproduction parameters were significantly decreased at 400 (T3), 800 (T4) and 1600 (T5) mgkg-1 MSM in E. fetida whereas at 200 (T2), 400 (T3), 800 (T4), 1600 (T5) mgkg-1 MSM in M. posthuma. EC50 of avoidance response for 20% MSM by E. fetida and M. posthuma was recorded 901.76 mgkg-1and 544.21 mgkg-1 respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content along with guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were initially increased up to 21st day by MSM, inducing a slight oxidative stress in earthworms and recovered to control level on 28th day. The GST activities were continuously stimulated throughout the exposure period and enhance the detoxification effect thereby preventing the earthworms from toxins. Molecular docking studies indicated that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are key forces in binding between MSM and SOD/CAT/POD/GST. As a result, this is the first study to be reported on physiological, behavioural and biochemical changes in two different earthworm species under the exposure of sulfonyl urea herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Bala Chowdhary
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab 143002, India.
| | - Jahangir Quadar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Sharanpreet Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Rahil Dutta
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Deachen Angmo
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Adarsh Pal Vig
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India.
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Tao F, Si FL, Hong R, He X, Li XY, Qiao L, He ZB, Yan ZT, He SL, Chen B. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes and their function associated with pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles sinensis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4127-4139. [PMID: 35662391 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a multifunctional protein family, are involved in insecticide resistance. However, a systematic analysis of GSTs in Anopheles sinensis, an important vector for malaria transmission, is lacking. In this study, we investigated the diversity and characteristics of GST genes, and analyzed their expression patterns and functions associated with insecticide resistance in this species. RESULTS We identified 32 putative cytosolic and three putative microsomal GST genes in the An. sinensis genome. Transcriptome analysis showed that GSTs were highly expressed in larvae, and mainly expressed in the antennae, midgut and Malpighian tubules of adults. In addition, we found that GSTd2 and GSTe2 were significantly upregulated in four An. sinensis pyrethroid-resistant field populations. Furthermore, silencing of GSTd2 and GSTe2 significantly increased the susceptibility of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, and recombinant GSTd2 and GSTe2 exhibited high enzymatic activity in the metabolism of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). CONCLUSION These results showed that GSTs are involved in the development of insecticide resistance in An. sinensis through transcriptional overexpression and enzymatic metabolization, facilitating our understanding of insecticide resistance in insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ling Si
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Hong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bo He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Tian Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Lin He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Lugarà R, Renner S, Wolf E, Liesegang A, Bruckmaier R, Giller K. Crossbred Sows Fed a Western Diet during Pre-Gestation, Gestation, Lactation, and Post-Lactation Periods Develop Signs of Lean Metabolic Syndrome That Are Partially Attenuated by Spirulina Supplementation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173574. [PMID: 36079836 PMCID: PMC9460909 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive dietary intake of fats and sugars (“Western diet”, WD) is one of the leading causes of obesity. The consumption of the microalga Arthrospira platensis (spirulina, Sp) is increasing due to its presumed health benefits. Both WD and Sp are also consumed by pregnant and breastfeeding women. This study investigated if gestating and lactating domestic pigs are an appropriate model for WD-induced metabolic disturbances similar to those observed in humans and if Sp supplementation may attenuate any of these adverse effects. Pigs were fed a WD high in fat, sugars, and cholesterol or a control diet. Half of the animals per diet group were supplemented with 20 g Sp per day. The WD did not increase body weight or adipose tissue accumulation but led to metabolic impairments such as higher cholesterol concentration in plasma, lower IGF1 plasma levels, and signs of hepatic damage compared to the control group. Spirulina supplementation could not reduce all the metabolic impairments observed in WD-fed animals. These findings indicate limited suitability of gestating and lactating domestic pigs as a model for WD but a certain potential of low-dose Sp supplementation to partially attenuate negative WD effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lugarà
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Annette Liesegang
- Animal Nutrition, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rupert Bruckmaier
- Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Giller
- Animal Nutrition, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 27, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-52-3549209
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Perrot N, Dessaux D, Rignani A, Gillet C, Orlowski S, Jamin N, Garrigos M, Jaxel C. Caveolin-1β promotes the production of active human microsomal glutathione S-transferase in induced intracellular vesicles inSpodoptera frugiperda21 insect cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183922. [PMID: 35367202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heterologous expression in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells of the β isoform of canine caveolin-1 (caveolin-1β), using a baculovirus-based vector, resulted in intracellular vesicles enriched in caveolin-1β. We investigated whether these vesicles could act as membrane reservoirs, and promote the production of an active membrane protein (MP) when co-expressed with caveolin-1β. We chose hMGST1 (human microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1) as the co-expressed MP. It belongs to the membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism (MAPEG) family of integral MPs, and, as a phase II detoxification enzyme, it catalyzes glutathione conjugation of lipophilic drugs present in the lipid membranes. In addition to its pharmaceutical interest, its GST activity can be conveniently measured. The expression of both MPs were followed by Western blots and membrane fractionation on density gradient, and their cell localization by immunolabeling and transmission electron microscopy. We showed that caveolin-1β kept its capacity to induce intracellular vesicles in the host when co-expressed with hMGST1, and that hMGST1 is in part addressed to these vesicles. Remarkably, a fourfold increase in the amount of active hMGST1 was found in the most enriched membrane fraction, along with an increase of its specific activity by 60% when it was co-expressed with caveolin-1β. Thus, heterologously expressed caveolin-1β was able to induce cytoplasmic vesicles in which a co-expressed exogenous MP is diverted and sequestered, providing a favorable environment for this cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Perrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Delphine Dessaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Anthony Rignani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cynthia Gillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphane Orlowski
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Nadège Jamin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Manuel Garrigos
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christine Jaxel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Mahaye N, Musee N. Effects of Two Antiretroviral Drugs on the Crustacean Daphnia magna in River Water. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080423. [PMID: 36006102 PMCID: PMC9416331 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral (ARVs) drugs are used to manage the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and are increasingly being detected in the aquatic environment. However, little is known about their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, Daphnia magna neonates were exposed to Efavirenz (EFV) and Tenofovir (TFV) ARVs at 62.5–1000 µg/L for 48 h in river water. The endpoints assessed were mortality, immobilization, and biochemical biomarkers (catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA)). No mortality was observed over 48 h. Concentration- and time-dependent immobilization was observed for both ARVs only at 250–1000 µg/L after 48 h, with significant immobilization observed for EFV compared to TFV. Results for biochemical responses demonstrated that both ARVs induced significant changes in CAT and GST activities, and MDA levels, with effects higher for EFV compared to TFV. Biochemical responses were indicative of oxidative stress alterations. Hence, both ARVs could potentially be toxic to D. magna.
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Abdalla AM, Abdel Karim GSA. Biochemical characterization and peptide mass fingerprinting of two glutathione transferases from Biomphalaria alexandrina snails (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35792934 PMCID: PMC9259769 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The freshwater snails Biomphalaria alexandrina (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) has public health importance of being an intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, the parasite species that causes intestinal schistosomiasis in humans. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) play an important role in detoxification of a broad range of compounds including secondary metabolites and exogenous compounds. Studying GSTs in snails may clarify their role in detoxification of molluscicides. RESULTS Two glutathione transferases (BaGST2 and BaGST3) were purified and characterized from B. alexandrina snails. BaGST2 and BaGST3 were electrophoretically homogeneous preparations with subunit molecular weight of 23.6 kDa and molecular weight of 45 kDa. Isoelectric focusing of BaGST2 revealed the presence of two components at pI 4.47 and 4.67, while BaGST3 showed one band at pI 4.17. The specific activity of BaGST2 and BaGST3 toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was 19.0 and 45.2 μmol/min/mg protein following 146- and 346-fold purification, respectively. The catalytic pH optima, km values, and the activation energies for BaGST2 and BaGST3 were determined. BaGST2 and BaGST3 were significantly inhibited by hematin and Cibacron Blue and to a less extent by bromosulfophthalein, S-butyl-GSH, S-hexyl-GSH, and S-P-bromobenzyl-GSH. BaGST2 and BaGST3 showed high activity against ethacrynic acid as substrate, and they also exhibited peroxidase activity on cumene hydroperoxide. The two enzymes showed identical patterns of lysine-C digestion after high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid sequences of three peptide fragments and peptide mass fingerprinting of fourteen peptides were used to predict the primary structure of BaGST2. A polypeptide of 206 amino acids (with 7 gaps, 3 of which could not identified) was predicted for BaGST2. The theoretical subunit molecular weight of BaGST2 is 22.6 kDa, with pI of 8.58. BaGST2 has 65% sequence identity and 78% positive with Biomphalaria glabrata GST7. The overall structure of BaGST2 at the N-terminal domain is identical to the canonical GST N-terminal domain, having the typical thioredoxin-like fold with a βαβ-α-ββα motif, whereas the C-terminal domain is made from 6 α-helices. A conservative GST-N-domain includes glutathione binding sites Y11, L17, Q53, M54, Q65, and S66, while a variable GST-C domain contains electrophilic substrate binding site H99, R102, A103, F106, K107, L161, and Y167. Phylogenetic tree showed that BaGST2 was clustered in the sigma group with GSTs sigma class from invertebrates and vertebrates. CONCLUSIONS We have purified and characterized two GSTs from B. alexandrina snails. Our study broadens the biochemical information on freshwater snail GSTs by demonstrating the role of BaGSTs in defense mechanisms against structurally different electrophilic compounds. BaGST2 and BaGST3 have Se-independent peroxidase activity, which indicates their role in cellular antioxidant defense by reducing organic hydroperoxides in B. alexandrina. A polypeptide chain of 206 amino acids was predicted. The primary structure of BaGST2 showed 65% sequence identity with Biomphalaria glabrata GST7. Sequence analysis indicates that BaGST2 is a GST-N-sigma-like with a thioredoxin-like superfamily. Phylogenetic tree confirms that BaGST2 belongs to the sigma class of GSTs superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Monem Abdalla
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ghada S A Abdel Karim
- Molecular Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box: 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Miles S, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Fernández V. Expanding the family of Mu-class glutathione transferases in the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Gene 2022; 835:146659. [PMID: 35680021 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) perform catalytic and non-catalytic activities, mostly involved in stress-response and cell detoxification. Helminth parasites express several GSTs of multiple classes that are involved in the neutralization of potentially harmful oxidants, and in the inactivation or removal of xenobiotics. Additionally, GSTs participate in immunomodulatory processes that facilitate the parasite establishment and survival within its host. In Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) -the cestode parasite responsible for cystic echinococcosis- only one Mu-class GST has been reported. In the present work, by using bioinformatic and proteomic approaches we searched for novel Mu-class GSTs potentially involved in the parasite oxidative-stress metabolism. In the genome of E. granulosus s.l., 6 GST-related sequences were found to constitute a strongly conserved phylogenetical clade with Mu-class members. Among them, 5 displayed conserved gene structure (exon/intron), as well as specific residues and motifs characteristic of Mu-class enzymes. By proteomic analysis, 3 Mu-GSTs were identified to be expressed in the protoscolex parasite stage, 2 of them being firstly described as Mu-class GSTs here. The existence of more than one productive Mu-GST gene expands the parasite xenobiotic phase II metabolism, which might have beneficial roles on E. granulosus s.l. ability to successfully infect its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Miles
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química - Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química - Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Fernández
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química - Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Wang D, Liu B. Proteomics reveals the changes in energy metabolism associated with reproduction in the clam Meretrix petechialis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100954. [PMID: 34952325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Because reproduction requires a considerable energy investment that presents metabolic challenges to animals, there is growing scientific interest in the effects of reproduction on metabolism. Here, the proteome of the hepatopancreas from female and male clams (Meretrix petechialis) before and after spawning was obtained using iTRAQ-based proteome analysis. Forty-two DEPs and 37 DEPs were detected in the pre- and post-spawning comparison of females and males, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis was then performed to explore the function of the identified DEPs and the results showed that metabolic process was deeply affected by spawning. Carbohydrate metabolism was weakened after spawning, whereas protein and amino acid metabolism were enhanced. In addition, spawning induced more severe oxidative damage in females than in males, which may hinder muscle function in females. Finally, the total glucose and protein contents briefly increased after spawning and then recovered to the baseline level. Our results illustrate the overall differences and contribute to an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying energy changes in the clams during reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071 Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266000 Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Mohammad VH, Osborne CP, Freckleton RP. Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed Alopecurus myosuroides. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8563. [PMID: 35222951 PMCID: PMC8848470 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds poses a threat to food security. Resistance evolves rapidly through the co-option of a suite of physiological mechanisms that evolved to allow plants to survive environmental stress. Consequently, we hypothesize that stress tolerance and herbicide resistance are functionally linked. We address two questions: (i) does exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring? (ii) Is such evolution mediated through non-genetic mechanisms? We exposed individuals of a grass weed to drought, and tested whether this resulted in herbicide resistance in the first generation. In terms of both survival and dry mass, we find enhanced resistance to herbicide in the offspring of parents that had been exposed to drought. Our results suggest that exposure of weeds to drought can confer herbicide resistance in subsequent generations, and that the mechanism conferring heritability of herbicide resistance is non-genetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian H. Mohammad
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal & Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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Si A, Sun Z, Li Z, Chen B, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Wang X, Ma Z. A Genome Wide Association Study Revealed Key Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms/Genes Associated With Seed Germination in Gossypium hirsutum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:844946. [PMID: 35371175 PMCID: PMC8967292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.844946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fast and uniform seed germination is essential to stabilize crop yields in agricultural production. It is important to understand the genetic basis of seed germination for improving the vigor of crop seeds. However, little is known about the genetic basis of seed vigor in cotton. In this study, we evaluated four seed germination-related traits of a core collection consisting of 419 cotton accessions, and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to explore important loci associated with seed vigor using 3.66 million high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The results showed that four traits, including germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index, exhibited broad variations and high correlations. A total of 92 significantly associated SNPs located within or near 723 genes were identified for these traits, of which 13 SNPs could be detected in multiple traits. Among these candidate genes, 294 genes were expressed at seed germination stage. Further function validation of the two genes of higher expression showed that Gh_A11G0176 encoding Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing protein negatively regulated Arabidopsis seed germination, while Gh_A09G1509 encoding glutathione transferase played a positive role in regulating tobacco seed germination and seedling growth. Furthermore, Gh_A09G1509 might promote seed germination and seedling establishment through regulating glutathione metabolism in the imbibitional seeds. Our findings provide unprecedented information for deciphering the genetic basis of seed germination and performing molecular breeding to improve field emergence through genomic selection in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhengwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qishen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Xingfen Wang,
| | - Zhiying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiying Ma,
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Comparative kinetic analysis of ascorbate (Vitamin-C) recycling dehydroascorbate reductases from plants and humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 591:110-117. [PMID: 35007834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an important cellular antioxidant that gets readily oxidized to dehydroascorbate (DHA). Recycling of DHA is therefore paramount in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and preventing oxidative stress. Dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs), in conjunction with glutathione (GSH), carry out this vital process in eukaryotes, among which plant DHARs have garnered considerable attention. A detailed kinetic analysis of plant DHARs relative to their human counterparts is, however, lacking. Chloride intracellular channels (HsCLICs) are close homologs of plant DHARs, recently demonstrated to share their enzymatic activity. This study reports the highest turnover rate for a plant DHAR from stress adapted Pennisetum glaucum (PgDHAR). In comparison, HsCLICs 1, 3, and 4 reduced DHA at a significantly lower rate. We further show that the catalytic cysteine from both homologs was susceptible to varying degrees of oxidation, validated by crystal structures and mass-spectrometry. Our findings may have broader implications on crop improvement using pearl millet DHAR vis-à-vis discovery of cancer therapeutics targeting Vitamin-C recycling capability of human CLICs.
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Feng R, Chen L, Chen K. Cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate on Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:2056-2070. [PMID: 34546441 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium, a substance found in large amounts in nature, has been widely used for various purposes, especially food additives. The effects of long-term and excessive exposure to aluminium on human health are receiving increasing attention. The extensive human use of aluminium food additives can also cause aluminium to enter the ecosystem, where it has significant impacts on insects. This study explored the cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression under aluminium potassium sulfate toward Spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells. We found that high concentrations of aluminium resulted in cell enlargement and cell membrane breakage, decreased cell vitality, and apoptosis. Through RNA-Seq transcriptomics, we found that aluminium ions may inhibit the expression of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR, tdIns-dependent protein kinase-1, and small heat shock proteins (heat shock 70 kDa protein and crystallin alpha B), leading to changes in mTOR-related pathways (such as the longevity regulation pathway and PI3K-Akt signalling pathway), and promoting cell apoptosis. On the other hand, aluminium ions lead to the overexpression of GSH S-transferase, prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase and pyrimidodiazepine synthase, and induce intracellular oxidative damage, which ultimately affects cell growth and apoptosis through a series of cascade reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, China.
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Schuijt LM, Peng FJ, van den Berg SJP, Dingemans MML, Van den Brink PJ. (Eco)toxicological tests for assessing impacts of chemical stress to aquatic ecosystems: Facts, challenges, and future. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148776. [PMID: 34328937 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of chemicals in the aquatic environment by chemical analysis alone cannot completely assess and predict the effects of chemicals on aquatic species and ecosystems. This is primarily because of the increasing number of (unknown) chemical stressors and mixture effects present in the environment. In addition, the ability of ecological indices to identify underlying stressors causing negative ecological effects is limited. Therefore, additional complementary methods are needed that can address the biological effects in a direct manner and provide a link to chemical exposure, i.e. (eco)toxicological tests. (Eco)toxicological tests are defined as test systems that expose biological components (cells, individuals, populations, communities) to (environmental mixtures of) chemicals to register biological effects. These tests measure responses at the sub-organismal (biomarkers and in vitro bioassays), whole-organismal, population, or community level. We performed a literature search to obtain a state-of-the-art overview of ecotoxicological tests available for assessing impacts of chemicals to aquatic biota and to reveal datagaps. In total, we included 509 biomarkers, 207 in vitro bioassays, 422 tests measuring biological effects at the whole-organismal level, and 78 tests at the population- community- and ecosystem-level. Tests at the whole-organismal level and biomarkers were most abundant for invertebrates and fish, whilst in vitro bioassays are mostly based on mammalian cell lines. Tests at the community- and ecosystem-level were almost missing for organisms other than microorganisms and algae. In addition, we provide an overview of the various extrapolation challenges faced in using data from these tests and suggest some forward looking perspectives. Although extrapolating the measured responses to relevant protection goals remains challenging, the combination of ecotoxicological experiments and models is key for a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of chemical stressors to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B rue Thomas Edison, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Sanne J P van den Berg
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Milou M L Dingemans
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Vodiasova EA, Meger YV, Lantushenko AO. Identification and characterization of the novel genes encoding glutathione S-transferases in Mytilus galloprovincialis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100926. [PMID: 34743056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily of glutathione S-transferases (GST) plays an essential role in the xenobiotic metabolism, binding compounds to the glutathione, and is like a cell protector during the influence of various negative external factors. Nevertheless, there are very few works devoted to the investigation of these genes in marine invertebrates. Up to this time, only three classes of cytosolic GSTs for one of the leading commercial molluscs Mytilus galloprovincialis were described. We sequenced the whole transcriptome from the gill tissues and, using bioinformatic analysis, detected ten classes of glutathione S-transferases, which are expressed in the mussel M. galloprovincialis. For the first time, two subfamilies were described: mitochondrial GST (kappa class) and microsomal (MAPEG), as well as five classes of the family of cytosolic GSTs (mu, omega, rho, tau, theta). Omega and sigma GST classes might be rapidly regulated genes due to the lack of introns and this assumption was confirmed by the investigation of short-term hypoxia on M. galloprovincialis. Seven new classes of GST revealed a greater gene variety of this detoxifying enzyme in mussels than expected. The obtained nucleotide sequences are necessary for future investigations of GSTs expression in response to various external factors (pollution, oxygen starvation, infection, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Vodiasova
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Functional Genomics, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Lenninsky ave, 38, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Y V Meger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, Russia.
| | - A O Lantushenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, Russia
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Structural and Functional Characterization of One Unclassified Glutathione S-Transferase in Xenobiotic Adaptation of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111921. [PMID: 34769352 PMCID: PMC8584303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a large family of multifunctional enzymes that are mainly associated with xenobiotic or stress adaptation. GST-mediated xenobiotic adaptation takes place through direct metabolism or sequestration of xenobiotics, and/or indirectly by providing protection against oxidative stress induced by xenobiotic exposure. To date, the roles of GSTs in xenobiotic adaptation in the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), a notorious agricultural pest of plants within Solanaceae, have not been well studied. Here, we functionally expressed and characterized an unclassified-class GST, LdGSTu1. The three-dimensional structure of the LdGSTu1 was solved with a resolution up to 1.8 Å by X-ray crystallography. The signature motif VSDGPPSL was identified in the “G-site”, and it contains the catalytically active residue Ser14. Recombinant LdGSTu1 was used to determine enzyme activity and kinetic parameters using 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), GSH, p-nitrophenyl acetate (PNA) as substrates. The enzyme kinetic parameters and enzyme-substrate interaction studies demonstrated that LdGSTu1 could catalyze the conjugation of GSH to both CDNB and PNA, with a higher turnover number for CDNB than PNA. The LdGSTu1 enzyme inhibition assays demonstrated that the enzymatic conjugation of GSH to CDNB was inhibited by multiple pesticides, suggesting a potential function of LdGSTu1 in xenobiotic adaptation.
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Zhang JJ, Yang H. Metabolism and detoxification of pesticides in plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148034. [PMID: 34111793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides make indispensable contributions to agricultural productivity. However, the residues after their excessive use may be harmful to crop production, food safety and human health. Although the ability of plants (especially crops) to accumulate and metabolize pesticides has been intensively investigated, data describing the chemical and metabolic processes in plants are limited. Understanding how pesticides are metabolized is a key step toward developing cleaner crops with minimal pesticides in crops, creating new green pesticides (or safeners), and building up the engineered plants for environmental remediation. In this review, we describe the recently discovered mechanistic insights into pesticide metabolic pathways, and development of improved plant genotypes that break down pesticides more effectively. We highlight the identification of biological features and functions of major pesticide-metabolized enzymes such as laccases, glycosyltransferases, methyltransferases and ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and discuss their chemical reactions involved in diverse pathways including the formation of pesticide S-conjugates. The recent findings for some signal molecules (phytohomormes) like salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and brassinosteroids involved in metabolism and detoxification of pesticides are summarized. In particular, the emerging research on the epigenetic mechanisms such DNA methylation and histone modification for pesticide metabolism is emphasized. The review would broaden our understanding of the regulatory networks of the pesticide metabolic pathways in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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SNP Development in Penaeus vannamei via Next-Generation Sequencing and DNA Pool Sequencing. FISHES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes6030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing and pool sequencing have been widely used in SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphism) detection and population genetics research; however, there are few reports on SNPs related to the growth of Penaeus vannamei. The purpose of this study was to call SNPs from rapid-growing (RG) and slow-growing (SG) individuals’ transcriptomes and use DNA pool sequencing to assess the reliability of SNPs. Two parameters were applied to detect SNPs. One parameter was the p-values generated using Fisher’s exact test, which were used to calculate the significance of allele frequency differences between RG and SG. The other one was the AFI (minor allele frequency imbalance), which was defined to highlight the fold changes in MAF (minor allele frequency) values between RG and SG. There were 216,015 hypothetical SNPs, which were obtained based on the transcriptome data. Finally, 104 high-quality SNPs and 96,819 low-quality SNPs were predicted. Then, 18 high-quality SNPs and 17 low-quality SNPs were selected to assess the reliability of the detection process. Here, 72.22% (13/18) accuracy was achieved for high-quality SNPs, while only 52.94% (9/17) accuracy was achieved for low-quality SNPs. These SNPs enrich the data for population genetics studies of P. vannamei and may play a role in the development of SNP markers for future breeding studies.
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Kapkaç HA, Arslanyolu M. Identification of glutathione-S-transferase m19 and m34 among responsive GST genes against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene treatment of Tetrahymena thermophila. Eur J Protistol 2021; 81:125838. [PMID: 34481325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Industrial xenobiotic pollutants have toxic effects on diverse organisms in their natural environments. This study aims to identify the Glutathione-S-transferases (GST) from Tetrahymena thermophila that are highly responsive to the treatment of synthetic substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). The LD50 value of CDNB was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test as 0.079 mM at 9 h exposure. The glutathione affinity-purified 22 kDa and 23 kDa GSTs from CDNB-treated cells were identified as GSTm19 and GSTm34 with 2D-gel electrophoresis coupled MALDI-Tof MS/MS analysis. The specific activitiy of the affinity-purified GSTs was upregulated upon the treatment of 0.072 mM CDNB with the decreased cell survival. GSTm19 and GSTm34 had also upregulated the mRNA expression under the highest dose treatment. The high cell survival and elevated total GST enzyme activity at 9 h under CDNB doses could be the result of both transcriptional upregulations as well as post-translational modifications. As a result, the cell survival of Tetrahymena thermophila was significantly affected by CDNB exposure in a concentration-dependent manner with the effect of low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Açelya Kapkaç
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Arslanyolu
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Yunusemre Campus, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey.
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Arbildi P, La-Rocca S, Kun A, Lorenzatto KR, Monteiro KM, Zaha A, Mourglia-Ettlin G, Ferreira HB, Fernández V. Expression and distribution of glutathione transferases in protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Acta Trop 2021; 221:105991. [PMID: 34089697 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) belong to a diverse superfamily of multifunctional proteins involved in metabolic detoxification. In helminth parasite, GSTs are particularly relevant since they are also involved in host immunomodulation. Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a cestode parasite known to express at least three phylogenetically distant cytosolic GSTs: EgGST1 and EgGST2 previously grouped within Mu and Sigma classes, respectively; and EgGST3 related to both Omega and Sigma classes. To better characterize E. granulosus s.l. GSTs, herein their expression and distribution were assessed in the pre-adult protoscolex (PSC) parasite stage. Potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of the corresponding EgGST genes were also explored. Firstly, the transcription of the three EgGSTs was significantly induced during the early stages of the murine model of infection, suggesting a potential role during parasite establishment. EgGST1 was detected in the parenchyma of PSCs and its expression increased after H2O2 exposure, supporting its role in detoxification. EgGST2 was mainly detected on the PSCs tegument, strategically localized for potential immunoregulation functions due to its Sigma-class characteristics. In addition, its expression increased after anthelmintic treatment, suggesting a role in chemotherapy resistance. Finally, the Omega-related EgGST3 was localized throughout the entire PSC body, including suckers and tegument, and since its expression also increased after H2O2 treatment, a potential role in oxidative stress response could also be ascribed. On the other hand, known cis-acting regulatory motifs were detected in EgGST genes, suggesting similar transcription processes to other eukaryotes. The results herein reported provide additional data regarding the roles of EgGSTs in E. granulosus s.l. biology, contributing to a better understanding of its host-parasite interaction.
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Kobzar ОL, Shulha YV, Buldenko VM, Mrug GP, Kolotylo MV, Stanko OV, Onysko PP, Vovk АI. Alkyl and aryl α-ketophosphonate derivatives as photoactive compounds targeting glutathione S-transferases. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1901703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- О. L. Kobzar
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yu. V. Shulha
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V. M. Buldenko
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - G. P. Mrug
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M. V. Kolotylo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O. V. Stanko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - P. P. Onysko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - А. I. Vovk
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zakzuk J, Lozano A, Caraballo L. Allergological Importance of Invertebrate Glutathione Transferases in Tropical Environments. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:695262. [PMID: 35387058 PMCID: PMC8974725 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.695262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S transferases (GSTs) are part of a ubiquitous family of dimeric proteins that participate in detoxification reactions. It has been demonstrated that various GSTs induce allergic reactions in humans: those originating from house dust mites (HDM), cockroaches, and helminths being the best characterized. Evaluation of their allergenic activity suggests that they have a clinical impact. GST allergens belong to different classes: mu (Blo t 8, Der p 8, Der f 8, and Tyr p 8), sigma (Bla g 5 and Asc s 13), or delta (Per a 5). Also, IgE-binding molecules belonging to the pi-class have been discovered in helminths, but they are not officially recognized as allergens. In this review, we describe some aspects of the biology of GST, analyze their allergenic activity, and explore the structural aspects and clinical impact of their cross-reactivity.
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de Albuquerque FP, de Oliveira JL, Dos Santos Machado L, Richardi VS, da Silva MAN, Pompêo MLM, Fraceto LF, Carlos VM. Use of nontarget organism Chironomus sancticaroli to study the toxic effects of nanoatrazine. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:733-750. [PMID: 33821358 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine was banned by the European Union in 2004, but is still used in many countries. Agricultural research employing nanotechnology has been developed in order to reduce the impacts to the environment and nontarget organisms. Nanoatrazine was developed as a carrier system and have been considered efficient in weed control. However, its toxicity must be verified with nontarget organisms. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate ecotoxicological effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (empty and loaded with atrazine) and atrazine on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae, evaluating the endpoints: mortality, mentum deformity, development rate and biochemical biomarkers. The contaminant concentrations used were 2, 470, 950, and 1900 μg L-1 in acute (96 h) and 2 μg L-1 in subchronic (10 days) bioassays. An environmentally relevant concentration of atrazine (2 μg L-1) presented toxic and lethal effects towards the larvae. The nanoparticles loaded with atrazine showed toxic effects similar to free atrazine, causing mortality and biochemical alterations on the larvae. The nanoparticle without atrazine caused biochemical alterations and mortality, indicating a possible toxic effect of the formulation on the larvae. In the acute bioassay, most concentrations of nanoparticles loaded with atrazine were not dose dependent for the endpoint mortality. Only the atrazine concentration of 470 μg L-1 was statistically significant to endpoint mentum deformity. The atrazine and nanoparticles (with and without atrazine) did not affect larval development. The results indicate that Chironomus sancticaroli was sensitive to monitor nanoatrazine, presenting potential to be used in studies of toxicity of nanopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felícia Pereira de Albuquerque
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Jhones Luiz de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Leila Dos Santos Machado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Luiz Martins Pompêo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Moschini Carlos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology of Sorocaba, Av. Três de março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, 18087-180, Sorocaba, Brazil
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48
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Huang YY, Wang GD, Liu JS, Zhang LL, Huang SY, Wang YL, Yang ZW, Ge H. Analysis of transcriptome difference between rapid-growing and slow-growing in Penaeus vannamei. Gene 2021; 787:145642. [PMID: 33848570 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei is the principle cultured shrimp species in China. However, with the increase of culture density, the growth difference between individuals is also expanding. Here, we make use of RNA-seq to study the growth mechanisms of P. vannamei. After 120 days, we examined the transcriptomes of rapid-growing individuals (RG) and slow-growing individuals (SG). A total of 2116 and 176 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in SG and RG, respectively. Moreover, the main DEGs are opsin, heat shock protein (HSP), actin, myosin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), cuticle protein, and chitinase. GO analysis further revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes significantly, such as "sensory perception," "sensory perception of light stimulus," "response to stimulus," and "response to stress." Additionally, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in "pentose and glucuronate interconversions," "amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism," "glycophospholipid biosynthesis," and "glutathione metabolism." Interestingly, the upstream genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, including molting inhibition hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), did not differ significantly between RG and SG, which suggests that the cause for the inconsistent growth performance is due to the stress levels rather than the ecdysone signal pathway. In summary, this work provides data that will be useful for future studies on shrimp growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Jun-Sheng Liu
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Shi-Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Yi-Lei Wang
- Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Zhang-Wu Yang
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Shanhai Road, Huli, Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Hui Ge
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, 7 Shanhai Road, Huli, Xiamen 361000, China
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Yassa ME, Arnaout HH, Botros SK, Obaid EN, Mahmoud WM, Morgan DS. The role of glutathione S-transferase omega gene polymorphisms in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Glutathione-S-methyl transferase (GSTs) enzymes’ family is known to catalyze carcinogens detoxification. Overexpression of (GSTO) omega class was reported in cancer occurrence. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association of GSTO1*A140D (rs4925) and GSTO2*N142D (rs156697) polymorphisms with the susceptibility to childhood ALL and to evaluate their prognostic impact. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique in 96 Egyptian pediatric ALL patients and 99 controls.
Results
No statistically significant different GSTO1*A140D genotype and allele distribution was observed among ALL cases and controls; however, a statistically significant different GSTO1*A140D genotype distribution was found between de novo ALL cases and controls [CC (37% vs. 56.6%), CA (47.8% vs. 40.4%), and AA (15.2% vs. 3.0%), respectively] (0.008). GSTO1*A140D variant genotypes’ frequency was significantly higher in de novo cases than in controls (63% vs. 43.4%) (0.028). The minor allele frequency (MAF) of GSTO1*A140D-A was significantly higher in de novo cases compared to controls (0.39 vs. 0.23) (0.005). Genotyping of GSTO2*N142D revealed a statistically significant difference of genotype distribution between ALL patients and controls [AA (26% vs. 36.3%), AG (62.5% vs. 61.6%), and GG (11.4% vs. 2.0%), respectively] (0.017) and between de novo ALL cases and controls [AA (37% vs. 36.3%), AG (45.7% vs. 61.6%), and GG (17.3% vs. 2.0%), respectively] (0.002). The MAF of GSTO2*N142D-G was significantly higher in ALL patients than in controls (0.42 vs. 0.32) (0.046). The high-risk ALL group had a higher frequency of GSTO1*A140D and GSTO2*N142D variant genotypes compared to corresponding wild genotypes and a higher frequency of combined polymorphisms compared to single polymorphisms and wild genotypes but with no statistically significant difference.
Conclusion
A statistically significant difference of GSTO1*A140D and GSTO2*N142D genotype distribution was detected between de novo ALL cases and controls. Compared to the control group, the MAF of GSTO1*A140D-A was overexpressed in de novo ALL cases and that of GSTO2*N142D-G was significantly higher in ALL patients. These findings suggest that the studied polymorphisms might play a significant role in the susceptibility to de novo childhood ALL in Egypt; however, GSTO1*A140D and/or GSTO2*N142D polymorphisms have no impact on ALL prognosis.
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Yang X, Wu Z, Gao J. Effects of conserved Arg20, Glu74 and Asp77 on the structure and function of a tau class glutathione S-transferase in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:451-462. [PMID: 33387174 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relative position of domains is critical for enzymatic properties of tau class glutathione S-transferases, and altering the position of linker far away from the active center affects catalytic property. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of phase II detoxification enzymes whose main function is to improve plant resistance to stresses. To understand the structural effects of tau class GSTs on their function, using OsGSTU17 as an example, we predicted the residues involved in the interactions between its domains and linker region. We further detected the structural changes in mutants and the corresponding changes in terms of substrate activity and kinetic parameters. Four pairs of residues, including Ala14 and Trp165, Arg20 and Tyr154, Glu74 and Arg98, Asp77 and Met87, forming hydrogen bonds and salt bridges were found to play important roles in maintaining the relative position between the domains and linker region inside the protein. The hydrogen bond between Trp165 and Ala14 affected the structural stability has been demonstrated in our previous study. The mutant R20A lost almost all catalytic activity. Interestingly, the mutant E74A exhibited a significant decrease in activity towards 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole, 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride, while its activity towards substrate cumene hydroperoxide remained unchanged. Compared with other mutants, the mutant D77A exhibited decreased affinity to its substrates and increased activity towards 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene and cumene hydroperoxide, but its thermodynamic stability did not change significantly. The relative position of individual domain was critical for enzymatic properties, and the linker which is far away from the active site could change the enzymatic properties of GSTs via altering the relative position of the individual domain. Our results provide insights into the relationship between structure and function of tau class GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
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