1
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Patel V, Parekh P, Khimani M, Yusa SI, Bahadur P. Pluronics® based Penta Block Copolymer micelles as a precursor of smart aggregates for various applications: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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2
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Mousa HM, Ali MG, Rezk AI, Nasr EA, Hussein KH. Development of conductive polymeric nanofiber patches for cardiac tissue engineering application. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamouda M. Mousa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ghazali Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman I. Rezk
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Graduate School Jeonbuk National University Jeonju Republic of Korea
| | - Emad Abouel Nasr
- Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Hany Hussein
- Center for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire UK
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3
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Camman M, Joanne P, Agbulut O, Hélary C. 3D models of dilated cardiomyopathy: Shaping the chemical, physical and topographical properties of biomaterials to mimic the cardiac extracellular matrix. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:275-291. [PMID: 34466733 PMCID: PMC8379361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), one major cause of heart failure, is characterized by the dilation of the heart but remains poorly understood because of the lack of adequate in vitro models. Current 2D models do not allow for the 3D organotypic organization of cardiomyocytes and do not reproduce the ECM perturbations. In this review, the different strategies to mimic the chemical, physical and topographical properties of the cardiac tissue affected by DCM are presented. The advantages and drawbacks of techniques generating anisotropy required for the cardiomyocytes alignment are discussed. In addition, the different methods creating macroporosity and favoring organotypic organization are compared. Besides, the advances in the induced pluripotent stem cells technology to generate cardiac cells from healthy or DCM patients will be described. Thanks to the biomaterial design, some features of the DCM extracellular matrix such as stiffness, porosity, topography or chemical changes can impact the cardiomyocytes function in vitro and increase their maturation. By mimicking the affected heart, both at the cellular and at the tissue level, 3D models will enable a better understanding of the pathology and favor the discovery of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Camman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Joanne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, 7 quai St-Bernard (case 256), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hélary
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, 4 place Jussieu (case 174), F-75005, Paris, France
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4
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Adhikari KR, Stanishevskaya I, Caracciolo PC, Abraham GA, Thomas V. Novel Poly(ester urethane urea)/Polydioxanone Blends: Electrospun Fibrous Meshes and Films. Molecules 2021; 26:3847. [PMID: 34202602 PMCID: PMC8270292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the electrospinning and mechano-morphological characterizations of scaffolds based on blends of a novel poly(ester urethane urea) (PHH) and poly(dioxanone) (PDO). At the optimized electrospinning conditions, PHH, PDO and blend PHH/PDO in Hexafluroisopropanol (HFIP) solution yielded bead-free non-woven random nanofibers with high porosity and diameter in the range of hundreds of nanometers. The structural, morphological, and biomechanical properties were investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, and tensile tests. The blended scaffold showed an elastic modulus (~5 MPa) with a combination of the ultimate tensile strength (2 ± 0.5 MPa), and maximum elongation (150% ± 44%) in hydrated conditions, which are comparable to the materials currently being used for soft tissue applications such as skin, native arteries, and cardiac muscles applications. This demonstrates the feasibility of an electrospun PHH/PDO blend for cardiac patches or vascular graft applications that mimic the nanoscale structure and mechanical properties of native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran R. Adhikari
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration (CNMB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Pablo C. Caracciolo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina; (P.C.C.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gustavo A. Abraham
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET), Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina; (P.C.C.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Vinoy Thomas
- Center for Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration (CNMB), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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Ye J, Xiao Z, Gao L, Zhang J, He L, Zhang H, Liu Q, Yang G. Assessment of the effects of four crosslinking agents on gelatin hydrogel for myocardial tissue engineering applications. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 16. [PMID: 33975301 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfff2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) transplantation is a promising option for regenerating infarcted myocardium. However, poor cell survival and residence rates reduce the efficacy of cell transplantation. Gelatin (GA) hydrogel as a frequently-used cell carrier is a possible approach to increase the survival rate of CMs. In this study, microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and chemical crosslinkers glutaraldehyde, genipin, and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide were employed to prepare GA hydrogels. The mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of these hydrogels were then evaluated. Neonatal rat CMs (NRCMs) were isolated and inoculated on the surface of these hydrogels or encapsulated in mTG-hydrogels. Cellular growth morphology and beating behavior were observed. Cellular viability and immunofluorescence were analyzed. Intracellular Ca2+transient and membrane potential propagation were detected using fluorescence dyes (Fluo-3 and di-4-ANEPPS, respectively). Results showed that the chemical crosslinkers exhibited high cytotoxicity and resulted in high rates of cell death. By contrast, mTG-hydrogels showed excellent cell compatibility. The CMs cultured in mTG-hydrogels for a week expressed CM maturation markers. The NRCMs begun independently beating on the third day of culture, and their beating synchronized after a week of culture. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+transient events with periodicity were observed. In conclusion, the novel mTG-crosslinked GA hydrogel synthesized herein has good biocompatibility, and it supports CM adhesion, growth, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Wang F, Liu H, Li Y, Li Y, Ma Q, Zhang J, Hu X. Tunable Biodegradable Polylactide-Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Fabricated by a Solvent-Free Pressure-Controllable Foaming Technology. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8795-8807. [PMID: 35019555 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) and silk fibroin (SF) are biocompatible green macromolecular materials with tunable structures and properties. In this study, microporous PLA/SF composites were fabricated under different pressures by a green solid solvent-free foaming technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze the morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the PLA/SF scaffolds. The crystalline, mobile amorphous phases and rigid amorphous phases in PLA/SF composites were calculated to further understand their structure-property relations. It was found that an increase in pore density and a decrease in pore size can be achieved by increasing the saturation pressure during the foaming process. In addition, changes in the microcellular structure provided PLA/SF scaffolds with better thermal stability, tunable biodegradation rates, and mechanical properties. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated strong hydrogen bonds were formed between PLA and SF molecules, which can be tuned by changing the foaming pressure. The composite scaffolds have good cell compatibility and are conducive to cell adhesion and growth, suggesting that PLA/SF microporous scaffolds could be used as three-dimensional (3-D) biomaterials with a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yajuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
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7
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Chen SH, Chou PY, Chen ZY, Lin FH. Electrospun Water-Borne Polyurethane Nanofibrous Membrane as a Barrier for Preventing Postoperative Peritendinous Adhesion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1625. [PMID: 30939838 PMCID: PMC6480376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritendinous adhesion is a major complication after tendon injury and the subsequent repairs or reconstructions. The degree of adhesion can be reduced by the interposition of a membranous barrier between the traumatized tendon and the surrounding tissue. In the present study, electrospun water-borne polyurethane (WPU) nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) were created for use after the reparation or reconstruction of tendons to reduce adhesion. In the electrospinning process, water was employed as the solvent for WPU, and this solvent was ecofriendly and nontoxic. The nanofibrous architecture and pore size of the WPU NFMs were analyzed. Their microporosity (0.78⁻1.05 µm) blocked the penetration of fibroblasts, which could result in adhesion and scarring around the tendon during healing. The release of WPU mimicked the lubrication effect of the synovial fluid produced by the synovium around the tendon. In vitro cell studies revealed that the WPU NFMs effectively reduced the number of fibroblasts that became attached and that there was no significant cytotoxicity. In vivo studies with the rabbit flexor tendon repair model revealed that WPU NFMs reduced the degree of peritendinous adhesion, as determined using a gross examination; a histological cross section evaluation; and measurements of the range of motion of interphalangeal joints (97.1 ± 14.7 and 79.0 ± 12.4 degrees in proximal and distal interphalangeal joints respectively), of the length of tendon excursion (11.6 ± 1.9 cm), and of the biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Pang-Yun Chou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University and Medical College, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Zhi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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8
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Herrmann FEM, Lehner A, Koenig F, Hollweck T, Fano C, Dauner M, Eissner G, Hagl C, Akra B. A feasibility study of a multimodal stimulation bioreactor for the conditioning of stem cell seeded cardiac patches via electrical impulses and pulsatile perfusion. Biomed Mater Eng 2018; 30:37-48. [PMID: 30530957 DOI: 10.3233/bme-181031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Myocardial tissue engineering aims to create transplantable units of myocardium for the treatment of myocardial necrosis caused by ischemic heart disease - bioreactors are used to condition these bioartificial tissues before application. METHODS Our group developed a multimodal bioreactor consisting of a linear drive motor for pulsatile flow generation (500 ml/min) and an external pacemaker for electrical stimulation (10 mA, 3 V at 60 Hz) using LinMot-Talk Software to synchronize these modes of stimulation. Polyurethane scaffolds were seeded with 0.750 × 106 mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord tissue per cm2 and stimulated in our system for 72 h, then evaluated. RESULTS After conditioning histology showed that the patches consisted of a cell multilayer surviving stimulation without major damage by the multimodal stimulation, scanning electron microscopy showed a confluent cell layer with no cell-cell interspaces visible. No cell viability issues could be identified via Syto9-Propidium Iodide staining. CONCLUSIONS This bioreactor allows mechanical stimulation via pulsatile flow and electrical stimulation through a pacemaker. Our stem cell-polyurethane constructs displayed survival after conditioning. This system shows feasibility in preliminary tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ernst Martin Herrmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Lehner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Koenig
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Trixi Hollweck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Fano
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF), Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Martin Dauner
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research (DITF), Denkendorf, Germany
| | - Guenther Eissner
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bassil Akra
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Rodrigues ICP, Kaasi A, Maciel Filho R, Jardini AL, Gabriel LP. Cardiac tissue engineering: current state-of-the-art materials, cells and tissue formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:eRB4538. [PMID: 30281764 PMCID: PMC6178861 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082018rb4538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide. The heart has limited capacity of regeneration, therefore, transplantation is the only solution in some cases despite presenting many disadvantages. Tissue engineering has been considered the ideal strategy for regenerative medicine in cardiology. It is an interdisciplinary field combining many techniques that aim to maintain, regenerate or replace a tissue or organ. The main approach of cardiac tissue engineering is to create cardiac grafts, either whole heart substitutes or tissues that can be efficiently implanted in the organism, regenerating the tissue and giving rise to a fully functional heart, without causing side effects, such as immunogenicity. In this review, we systematically present and compare the techniques that have drawn the most attention in this field and that generally have focused on four important issues: the scaffold material selection, the scaffold material production, cellular selection and in vitro cell culture. Many studies used several techniques that are herein presented, including biopolymers, decellularization and bioreactors, and made significant advances, either seeking a graft or an entire bioartificial heart. However, much work remains to better understand and improve existing techniques, to develop robust, efficient and efficacious methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubens Maciel Filho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biofabricação, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Jardini
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biofabricação, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Vozzi F, Logrand F, Cabiati M, Cicione C, Boffito M, Carmagnola I, Vitale N, Gori M, Brancaccio M, Del Ry S, Gastaldi D, Cattarinuzzi E, Vena P, Rainer A, Domenici C, Ciardelli G, Sartori S. Biomimetic engineering of the cardiac tissue through processing, functionalization, and biological characterization of polyester urethanes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:055006. [PMID: 29869614 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaca5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models offer new tools in the study of diseases. In the case of the engineering of cardiac muscle, a realistic goal would be the design of a scaffold able to replicate the tissue-specific architecture, mechanical properties, and chemical composition, so that it recapitulates the main functions of the tissue. This work is focused on the design and preliminary biological validation of an innovative polyester urethane (PUR) scaffold mimicking cardiac tissue properties. The porous scaffold was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) from poly(ε-caprolactone) diol, 1,4-butanediisocyanate, and l-lysine ethyl ester. Morphological and mechanical scaffolds characterization was accomplished by confocal microscopy, and micro-tensile and compression techniques. Scaffolds were then functionalized with fibronectin by plasma treatment, and the surface treatment was studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectra, and contact angle measurements. Primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes were seeded on scaffolds, and their colonization, survival, and beating activity were analyzed for 14 days. Signal transduction pathways and apoptosis involved in cells, the structural development of the heart, and its metabolism were analyzed. PUR scaffolds showed a porous-aligned structure and mechanical properties consistent with that of the myocardial tissue. Cardiomyocytes plated on the scaffolds showed a high survival rate and a stable beating activity. Serine/threonine kinase (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation was higher in cardiomyocytes cultured on the PUR scaffold compared to those on tissue culture plates. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a significant modulation at 14 days of cardiac muscle (MYH7, prepro-ET-1), hypertrophy-specific (CTGF), and metabolism-related (SLC2a1, PFKL) genes in PUR scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Vozzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Geng X, Liu B, Liu J, Liu D, Lu Y, Sun X, Liang K, Kong B. Interfacial tissue engineering of heart regenerative medicine based on soft cell-porous scaffolds. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2333-S2345. [PMID: 30123574 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.01.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the coronary artery is occluded resulting in the hypoxia of areas in heart tissue, is increasing in recent years because of the population ageing and lifestyle changes. Currently, there is no ideal therapeutic scheme because of the limitation of MI therapeutic strategies due to the lack of regenerative ability of the heart cells in adult humans. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine brings hope to the MI therapy and current studies are focusing on restoring the function and structure of damaged tissue by delivering exogenous cells or stimulating endogenous heart cells. However, attempts to directly inject stem cells or cardiomyocytes to the infract zone often lead to rapid cell death and abundant cell loss. To address this challenge, various soft repair cells and porous scaffold materials have been integrated to improve cell retention and engraftment and preventing left ventricle (LV) dilatation. In this article, we will review the current method for heart regeneration based on soft cell-porous scaffold interfacial tissue engineering including common stem cell types, biomaterials, and cardiac patch and will discuss potential future directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.,Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Supercomputer Research Center of Advanced Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yupeng Lu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xiaotian Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, and Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Biao Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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12
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Rahimi M, Zarnani AH, Mobini S, Khorasani S, Darzi M, Kazemnejad S. Comparative effectiveness of three-dimensional scaffold, differentiation media and co-culture with native cardiomyocytes to trigger in vitro cardiogenic differentiation of menstrual blood and bone marrow stem cells. Biologicals 2018; 54:13-21. [PMID: 29884574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to find effectiveness of 3D silk fibroin scaffold in comparison with co-culturing in presence of native cardiomyocytes on cardiac differentiation propensity of menstural blood(MenSCs)-versus bone marrow-derived stem-cells (BMSCs). We showed that both 3D fibroin scaffold and co-culture system supported efficient cardiomyogenic differentiation of MenSCs and BMSCs, as judged by the expression of cardiac-specific genes and proteins, Connexin-43, Connexin-40, alpha Actinin (ACTN-2), Tropomyosin1 (TPM1) and Cardiac Troponin T (TNNT2). No significant difference (except for higher expression of ACTN-2 in co-cultured MenSCs) was found between differentiation potential of the cells cultured in 3D fibroin scaffold and co-culture system. Collectively, our results imply that inductive signals served by biological factors of native cardiomyocytes to trigger cardiogenic differentiation of stem-cells may be efficiently provided by natural and biocompatible 3D fibroin scaffold suggesting the usefulness of this construct for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir-Hassan Zarnani
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Khorasani
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Darzi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaieh Kazemnejad
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Vieira T, Silva JC, Borges JP, Henriques C. Synthesis, electrospinning and in vitro test of a new biodegradable gelatin-based poly(ester urethane urea) for soft tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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14
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Abdal-hay A, Bartnikowski M, Hamlet S, Ivanovski S. Electrospun biphasic tubular scaffold with enhanced mechanical properties for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Cabiati M, Vozzi F, Gemma F, Montemurro F, De Maria C, Vozzi G, Domenici C, Del Ry S. Cardiac tissue regeneration: A preliminary study on carbon-based nanotubes gelatin scaffold. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2750-2762. [PMID: 29206329 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was set-up and test of gelatin and carbon nanotubes scaffolds. Gelatin-based (5%) genipin cross-linked (0.2%) scaffolds embedding single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.3% w/w) were prepared and mechanically/electrically characterized. For biological evaluation, H9c2 cell line was cultured for 10 days. Cytotoxicity, cell growth and differentiation, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR analysis were performed. Myoblast and cardiac differentiation were obtained by serum reduction to 1% (C1% ) and stimulation with 50 nM all trans-retinoic acid (CRA ), respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed elongated myotubes in C1% while round and multinucleated cells in CRA with also a significantly increased expression of natriuretic peptides (NP) and ET-1 receptors in parallel with a decreased ET-1. On scaffolds, cell viability was similar for Gel-SWCNT0.3%/0.9% ; NP and ET systems expression decreased in both concentrations with respect to control and CX-43, mainly due to a lacking of complete differentiation in cardiac phenotype during that time. Although further analyses on novel biomaterials are necessary, these results represent a useful starting point to develop new biomaterial-based scaffolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2750-2762, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesca Montemurro
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carmelo De Maria
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vozzi
- Research Centre "E. Piaggio" and Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Yang Z, Si J, Cui Z, Ye J, Wang X, Wang Q, Peng K, Chen W, Chen SC. Biomimetic composite scaffolds based on surface modification of polydopamine on electrospun poly(lactic acid)/cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:750-759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Panda D, Konar S, Bajpai SK, Arockiarajan A. Synthesis and viscoelastic characterization of microstructurally aligned Silk fibroin sponges. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 71:362-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Kitsara M, Agbulut O, Kontziampasis D, Chen Y, Menasché P. Fibers for hearts: A critical review on electrospinning for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:20-40. [PMID: 27826001 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac cell therapy holds a real promise for improving heart function and especially of the chronically failing myocardium. Embedding cells into 3D biodegradable scaffolds may better preserve cell survival and enhance cell engraftment after transplantation, consequently improving cardiac cell therapy compared with direct intramyocardial injection of isolated cells. The primary objective of a scaffold used in tissue engineering is the recreation of the natural 3D environment most suitable for an adequate tissue growth. An important aspect of this commitment is to mimic the fibrillar structure of the extracellular matrix, which provides essential guidance for cell organization, survival, and function. Recent advances in nanotechnology have significantly improved our capacities to mimic the extracellular matrix. Among them, electrospinning is well known for being easy to process and cost effective. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly popular for biomedical applications and it is most definitely the cutting edge technique to make scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix for industrial applications. Here, the desirable physico-chemical properties of the electrospun scaffolds for cardiac therapy are described, and polymers are categorized to natural and synthetic.Moreover, the methods used for improving functionalities by providing cells with the necessary chemical cues and a more in vivo-like environment are reported.
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19
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Suhaeri M, Subbiah R, Kim SH, Kim CH, Oh SJ, Kim SH, Park K. Novel Platform of Cardiomyocyte Culture and Coculture via Fibroblast-Derived Matrix-Coupled Aligned Electrospun Nanofiber. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:224-235. [PMID: 27936534 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
For cardiac tissue engineering, much attention has been given to the artificial cardiac microenvironment in which anisotropic design of scaffold and extracellular matrix (ECM) are the major cues. Here we propose poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) and fibroblast-derived ECM (PLCL/FDM), a hybrid scaffold that combines aligned electrospun PLCL fibers and FDM. Fibroblasts were grown on the PLCL fibers for 5-7 days and subsequently decellularized to produce PLCL/FDM. Various analyses confirmed aligned, FDM-deposited PLCL fibers. Compared to fibronectin (FN)-coated electrospun PLCL fibers (control), H9c2 cardiomyoblast differentiation was significantly effective, and neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype and maturation was improved on PLCL/FDM. Moreover, a coculture platform was created using multilayer PLCL/FDM in which two different cells make indirect or direct cell-cell contacts. Such coculture platforms demonstrate their feasibility in terms of higher cell viability, efficiency of target cell harvest (>95% in noncontact; 85% in contact mode), and molecular diffusion through the PLCL/FDM layer. Coculture of primary CMs and fibroblasts exhibited much better CM phenotype and improvement of CM maturity upon either direct or indirect interactions, compared to the conventional coculture systems (transwell insert and tissue culture plate (TCP)). Taken together, our platform should be very useful and have significant contributions in investigating some scientific or practical issues of crosstalks between multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhaeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejon 34113, Republic of Korea
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20
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Domenech M, Polo-Corrales L, Ramirez-Vick JE, Freytes DO. Tissue Engineering Strategies for Myocardial Regeneration: Acellular Versus Cellular Scaffolds? TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2016; 22:438-458. [PMID: 27269388 PMCID: PMC5124749 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations with myocardial infarction (MI) contributing to at least one fifth of the reported deaths. The hypoxic environment eventually leads to cellular death and scar tissue formation. The scar tissue that forms is not mechanically functional and often leads to myocardial remodeling and eventual heart failure. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine principles provide an alternative approach to restoring myocardial function by designing constructs that will restore the mechanical function of the heart. In this review, we will describe the cellular events that take place after an MI and describe current treatments. We will also describe how biomaterials, alone or in combination with a cellular component, have been used to engineer suitable myocardium replacement constructs and how new advanced culture systems will be required to achieve clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribella Domenech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Lilliana Polo-Corrales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- Department of Agroindustrial Engineering, Universidad de Sucre, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Donald O. Freytes
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, New York
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, NC State/UNC-Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina
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21
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Biazar E. Application of polymeric nanofibers in medical designs, part II: Neural and cardiovascular tissues. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1180619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Yan H, Zhou Z, Pan Y, Huang T, Zhou H, Liu Q, Huang H, Zhang Q, Wang W. Preparation and Properties of Polyurethane Hydrogels Based on Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate/Polycaprolactone-Polyethylene Glycol. J MACROMOL SCI B 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2016.1207643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Su WF, Ho CC, Shih TH, Wang CH, Yeh CH. Exceptional biocompatibility of 3D fibrous scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering fabricated from biodegradable polyurethane blended with cellulose. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1157802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Shih
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular Image Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Jamadi ES, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Morshed M, Sadeghi M, Prabhakaran MP, Ramakrishna S. Synthesis of polyester urethane urea and fabrication of elastomeric nanofibrous scaffolds for myocardial regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 63:106-16. [PMID: 27040201 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of bioactive scaffolds is one of the most promising strategies to reconstruct the infarcted myocardium. In this study, we synthesized polyester urethane urea (PEUU), further blended it with gelatin and fabricated PEUU/G nanofibrous scaffolds. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of the synthesized PEUU and properties of nanofibrous scaffolds were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ATR-FTIR, contact angle measurement, biodegradation test, tensile strength analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In vitro biocompatibility studies were performed using cardiomyocytes. DMA analysis showed that the scaffolds could be reshaped with cyclic deformations and might remain stable in the frequencies of the physiological activity of the heart. On the whole, our study suggests that aligned PEUU/G 70:30 nanofibrous scaffolds meet the required specifications for cardiac tissue engineering and could be used as a promising construct for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Sadat Jamadi
- Department of Textile engineering, Isfahan university of technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh
- Department of Textile engineering, Isfahan university of technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morshed
- Department of Textile engineering, Isfahan university of technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Morteza Sadeghi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan university of technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Molamma P Prabhakaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 2 Engineering Drive 3, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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25
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Kurokawa YK, George SC. Tissue engineering the cardiac microenvironment: Multicellular microphysiological systems for drug screening. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:225-33. [PMID: 26212156 PMCID: PMC4869857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately detect cardiotoxicity has become increasingly important in the development of new drugs. Since the advent of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, researchers have explored their use in creating an in vitro drug screening platform. Recently, there has been increasing interest in creating 3D microphysiological models of the heart as a tool to detect cardiotoxic compounds. By recapitulating the complex microenvironment that exists in the native heart, cardiac microphysiological systems have the potential to provide a more accurate pharmacological response compared to current standards in preclinical drug screening. This review aims to provide an overview on the progress made in creating advanced models of the human heart, including the significance and contributions of the various cellular and extracellular components to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke K Kurokawa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Energy, Environment, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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26
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Huang NC, Sieber M, Hsu SH. Correlating cell transfectability and motility on materials with different physico-chemical properties. Acta Biomater 2015; 28:55-63. [PMID: 26363377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene delivery into cells can be facilitated by adding plasmid DNA/transfection reagent complexes in culture medium or pre-adsorbing the complexes on the substrate before cell seeding. Using transfection reagents, however, often causes cytotoxicity. Effective delivery of naked plasmid without any transfection reagent remains a challenge. In this study, we cultured human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on different biomaterial substrates with different physico-chemical properties and examined the transfectability of naked plasmid. Specifically, we synthesized a negatively charged polyurethane (PU) to mimic the hyaluronan-modified chitosan (CS-HA) membranes previously found to promote the transfection of naked plasmid. We observed that the PU membranes were as effective as CS-HA membranes in substrate-mediated delivery of naked plasmid into hMSCs. PU membranes with surface microgrooves further increased the gene delivery efficiency to a similar level as the commercial transfection reagent but without the harmful effect. The gene delivery efficiency was associated with the extent of activation of cellular integrins β1 and α5 on different substrates. Moreover, the delivery efficiency was positively correlated with the cell migration rate on various substrates. The substrate-mediated gene delivery by synthetic polymeric substrates supports that integrin activation and cell behavior (e.g. migration and transfectability) changes can be modulated by synthetic polymer surface with microfeatures. The transfection by PU microgrooves is easy, nontoxic, and as effective as the commercial transfection reagent.
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27
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Ganji Y, Li Q, Quabius ES, Böttner M, Selhuber-Unkel C, Kasra M. Cardiomyocyte behavior on biodegradable polyurethane/gold nanocomposite scaffolds under electrical stimulation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 59:10-18. [PMID: 26652343 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Following a myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyocytes are replaced by scar tissue, which decreases ventricular contractile function. Tissue engineering is a promising approach to regenerate such damaged cardiomyocyte tissue. Engineered cardiac patches can be fabricated by seeding a high density of cardiac cells onto a synthetic or natural porous polymer. In this study, nanocomposite scaffolds made of gold nanotubes/nanowires incorporated into biodegradable castor oil-based polyurethane were employed to make micro-porous scaffolds. H9C2 cardiomyocyte cells were cultured on the scaffolds for one day, and electrical stimulation was applied to improve cell communication and interaction in neighboring pores. Cells on scaffolds were examined by fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, revealing that the combination of scaffold design and electrical stimulation significantly increased cell confluency of H9C2 cells on the scaffolds. Furthermore, we showed that the gene expression levels of Nkx2.5, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANF) and natriuretic peptide precursor B (NPPB), which are functional genes of the myocardium, were up-regulated by the incorporation of gold nanotubes/nanowires into the polyurethane scaffolds, in particular after electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ganji
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Materials Science, Dept. Biocompatible Nanomaterials, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Qian Li
- Institute for Materials Science, Dept. Biocompatible Nanomaterials, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany
| | - Elgar Susanne Quabius
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 27, D-24105 Kiel, Germany; Institute of Immunology, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Building 17, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Böttner
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 8, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christine Selhuber-Unkel
- Institute for Materials Science, Dept. Biocompatible Nanomaterials, University of Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Mehran Kasra
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Ave, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Lau HK, Kiick KL. Opportunities for multicomponent hybrid hydrogels in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:28-42. [PMID: 25426888 PMCID: PMC4294583 DOI: 10.1021/bm501361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels provide mechanical support and a hydrated environment that offer good cytocompatibility and controlled release of molecules, and myriad hydrogels thus have been studied for biomedical applications. In the past few decades, research in these areas has shifted increasingly to multicomponent hydrogels that better capture the multifunctional nature of native biological environments and that offer opportunities to selectively tailor materials properties. This review summarizes recent approaches aimed at producing multicomponent hydrogels, with descriptions of contemporary chemical and physical approaches for forming networks, and of the use of both synthetic and biologically derived molecules to impart desired properties. Specific multicomponent materials with enhanced mechanical properties are presented, as well as materials in which multiple biological functions are imparted for applications in tissue engineering, cancer treatment, and gene therapies. The progress in the field suggests significant promise for these approaches in the development of biomedically relevant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Kuen Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware , Newark Delaware 19716, United States
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29
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Sireesha M, Jagadeesh Babu V, Ramakrishna S. Biocompatible and biodegradable elastomer/fibrinogen composite electrospun scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20322h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic for nanofiber with HCMs in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merum Sireesha
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
| | - Veluru Jagadeesh Babu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117 585
- Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative
- Faculty of Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore
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30
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Chen PH, Liao HC, Hsu SH, Chen RS, Wu MC, Yang YF, Wu CC, Chen MH, Su WF. A novel polyurethane/cellulose fibrous scaffold for cardiac tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A high mechanical strength and biomimetic scaffold is electrospun from a blend of polyurethane and ethyl cellulose, being promising in applications for therapeutic purposes as a cardiac graft for reconstructing or regeneration of damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsuen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology
- School of Dentistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Chung Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Rung-Shu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry
- School of Dentistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- Chang Gung University
- Taoyuan 33302
- Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Chau-Chung Wu
- Department of Primary Care Medicine
- College of Medicine
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry
- School of Dentistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10002
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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31
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Fabrication of polyurethane and polyurethane based composite fibres by the electrospinning technique for soft tissue engineering of cardiovascular system. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 46:166-76. [PMID: 25491973 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a unique technique, which provides forming of polymeric scaffolds for soft tissue engineering, which include tissue scaffolds for soft tissues of the cardiovascular system. Such artificial soft tissues of the cardiovascular system may possess mechanical properties comparable to native vascular tissues. Electrospinning technique gives the opportunity to form fibres with nm- to μm-scale in diameter. The arrangement of obtained fibres and their surface determine the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Polyurethanes (PUs) are being commonly used as a prosthesis of cardiovascular soft tissues due to their excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, elasticity and mechanical properties. PUs also possess fine spinning properties. The combination of a variety of PU properties with an electrospinning technique, conducted at the well tailored conditions, gives unlimited possibilities of forming novel polyurethane materials suitable for soft tissue scaffolds applied in cardiovascular tissue engineering. This paper can help researches to gain more widespread and deeper understanding of designing electrospinable PU materials, which may be used as cardiovascular soft tissue scaffolds. In this paper we focus on reagents used in PU synthesis designed to increase PU biocompatibility (polyols) and biodegradability (isocyanates). We also describe suggested surface modifications of electrospun PUs, and the direct influence of surface wettability on providing enhanced biocompatibility of scaffolds. We indicate a great influence of electrospinning parameters (voltage, flow rate, working distance) and used solvents (mostly DMF, THF and HFIP) on fibre alignment and diameter - what impacts the biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of such electrospun PU scaffolds. Moreover, we present PU modifications with natural polymers with novel approach applied in electrospinning of PU scaffolds. This work may contribute with further developing of novel electrospun PUs, which may be applied as soft tissue scaffolds of the cardiovascular system.
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32
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Cirillo V, Guarino V, Alvarez-Perez MA, Marrese M, Ambrosio L. Optimization of fully aligned bioactive electrospun fibers for "in vitro" nerve guidance. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2323-2332. [PMID: 24737088 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Complex architecture of natural tissues such as nerves requires the use of multifunctional scaffolds with peculiar topological and biochemical signals able to address cell behavior towards specific events at the cellular (microscale) and macromolecular (nanoscale) level. In this context, the electrospinning technique is useful to generate fiber assemblies having peculiar fiber diameters at the nanoscale and patterned by unidirectional ways, to facilitate neurite extension via contact guidance. Following a bio-mimetic approach, fully aligned polycaprolactone fibers blended with gelatin macromolecules have been fabricated as potential bioactive substrate for nerve regeneration. Morphological and topographic aspects of electrospun fibers assessed by SEM/AFM microscopy supported by image analyses elaboration allow estimating an increase of fully aligned fibers from 5 to 39% as collector rotating rate increases from 1,000 to 3,000 rpm. We verify that fully alignment of fibers positively influences in vitro response of hMSC and PC-12 cells in neurogenic way. Immunostaining images show that the presence of topological defects, i.e., kinks--due to more frequent fiber crossing--in the case of randomly organized fiber assembly concurs to interfere with proper neurite outgrowth. On the contrary, fully aligned fibers without kinks offer a more efficient contact guidance to direct the orientation of nerve cells along the fibers respect to randomly organized ones, promoting a high elongation of neurites at 7 days and the formation of bipolar extensions. So, this confirms that the topological cue of fully alignment of fibers elicits a favorable environment for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cirillo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, V.le Kennedy 54, Pad 20, Mostra d'Oltremare, 80125, Naples, Italy
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Huang CC, Liao ZX, Chen DY, Hsiao CW, Chang Y, Sung HW. Injectable cell constructs fabricated via culture on a thermoresponsive methylcellulose hydrogel system for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1133-48. [PMID: 24470263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation via direct intramuscular injection is a promising therapy for patients with ischemic diseases. However, following injections, retention of transplanted cells in engrafted areas remains problematic, and can be deleterious to cell-transplantation therapy. In this Progress Report, a thermoresponsive hydrogel system composed of aqueous methylcellulose (MC) blended with phosphate-buffered saline is constructed to grow cell sheet fragments and cell bodies for the treatment of ischemic diseases. The as-prepared MC hydrogel system undergoes a sol-gel reversible transition upon heating or cooling at ≈32 °C. Via this unique property, the grown cell sheet fragments (cell bodies) can be harvested without using proteolytic enzymes; consequently, their inherent extracellular matrices (ECMs) and integrative adhesive agents remain well preserved. In animal studies using rats and pigs with experimentally created myocardial infarction, the injected cell sheet fragments (cell bodies) become entrapped in the interstices of muscular tissues and adhere to engraftment sites, while a minimal number of cells exist in the group receiving dissociated cells. Moreover, transplantation of cell sheet fragments (cell bodies) significantly increases vascular density, thereby improving the function of an infarcted heart. These experimental results demonstrate that cell sheet fragments (cell bodies) function as a cell-delivery construct by providing a favorable ECM environment to retain transplanted cells locally and consequently, improving the efficacy of therapeutic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Cheng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Zi-Xian Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Ding-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chun-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yen Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery; Veterans General Hospital at Taichung; Taichung 40705 Taiwan (ROC)
- College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University; Taipei 11221 Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan (ROC)
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Kharaziha M, Shin SR, Nikkhah M, Topkaya SN, Masoumi N, Annabi N, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Tough and flexible CNT-polymeric hybrid scaffolds for engineering cardiac constructs. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7346-54. [PMID: 24927679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted toward the development of biomimetic scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. However, most of the previous scaffolds have been electrically insulating or lacked the structural and mechanical robustness to engineer cardiac tissue constructs with suitable electrophysiological functions. Here, we developed tough and flexible hybrid scaffolds with enhanced electrical properties composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded aligned poly(glycerol sebacate):gelatin (PG) electrospun nanofibers. Incorporation of varying concentrations of CNTs from 0 to 1.5% within the PG nanofibrous scaffolds (CNT-PG scaffolds) notably enhanced fiber alignment and improved the electrical conductivity and toughness of the scaffolds while maintaining the viability, retention, alignment, and contractile activities of cardiomyocytes (CMs) seeded on the scaffolds. The resulting CNT-PG scaffolds resulted in stronger spontaneous and synchronous beating behavior (3.5-fold lower excitation threshold and 2.8-fold higher maximum capture rate) compared to those cultured on PG scaffold. Overall, our findings demonstrated that aligned CNT-PG scaffold exhibited superior mechanical properties with enhanced CM beating properties. It is envisioned that the proposed hybrid scaffolds can be useful for generating cardiac tissue constructs with improved organization and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Biomaterials Research Group, Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehdi Nikkhah
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seda Nur Topkaya
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ege University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Izmir, TR-35100 Turkey
| | - Nafiseh Masoumi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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Huang YS, Kuo CC, Shu YC, Jang SC, Tsen WC, Chuang FS, Chen CC. Highly Aligned and Single-Layered Hollow Fibrous Membranes Prepared from Polyurethane and Silica Blends Through a Two-Fluid Coaxial Electrospun Process. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Shao Huang
- Department of Molecular Science & Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; 10608 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Department of Molecular Science & Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; 10608 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Shu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology; Lee Ming Institute of Technology; 25305 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shin-Cheng Jang
- Department of Fashion Design; Lee Ming Institute of Technology; 25305 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Tsen
- Department of Product Design; Vanung University; 32061 Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Chuang
- Department of Fashion Design; Lee Ming Institute of Technology; 25305 Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei 110-52 Taiwan
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Martin JR, Gupta MK, Page JM, Yu F, Davidson JM, Guelcher SA, Duvall CL. A porous tissue engineering scaffold selectively degraded by cell-generated reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3766-76. [PMID: 24491510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable tissue engineering scaffolds are commonly fabricated from poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or similar polyesters that degrade by hydrolysis. PLGA hydrolysis generates acidic breakdown products that trigger an accelerated, autocatalytic degradation mechanism that can create mismatched rates of biomaterial breakdown and tissue formation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of cell function in both health and disease, especially at sites of inflammation and tissue healing, and induction of inflammation and ROS are natural components of the in vivo response to biomaterial implantation. Thus, polymeric biomaterials that are selectively degraded by cell-generated ROS may have potential for creating tissue engineering scaffolds with better matched rates of tissue in-growth and cell-mediated scaffold biodegradation. To explore this approach, a series of poly(thioketal) (PTK) urethane (PTK-UR) biomaterial scaffolds were synthesized that degrade specifically by an ROS-dependent mechanism. PTK-UR scaffolds had significantly higher compressive moduli than analogous poly(ester urethane) (PEUR) scaffolds formed from hydrolytically-degradable ester-based diols (p < 0.05). Unlike PEUR scaffolds, the PTK-UR scaffolds were stable under aqueous conditions out to 25 weeks but were selectively degraded by ROS, indicating that their biodegradation would be exclusively cell-mediated. The in vitro oxidative degradation rates of the PTK-URs followed first-order degradation kinetics, were significantly dependent on PTK composition (p < 0.05), and correlated to ROS concentration. In subcutaneous rat wounds, PTK-UR scaffolds supported cellular infiltration and granulation tissue formation, followed first-order degradation kinetics over 7 weeks, and produced significantly greater stenting of subcutaneous wounds compared to PEUR scaffolds. These combined results indicate that ROS-degradable PTK-UR tissue engineering scaffolds have significant advantages over analogous polyester-based biomaterials and provide a robust, cell-degradable substrate for guiding new tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Martin
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Jonathan M Page
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, VU Station B #351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Davidson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott A Guelcher
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, VU Station B #351604, Nashville, TN 37235-1604, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA.
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Sartori S, Chiono V, Tonda-Turo C, Mattu C, Gianluca C. Biomimetic polyurethanes in nano and regenerative medicine. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:5128-5144. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00525b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nature's inspiration is a promising tool to design new biomaterials especially for frontier technological areas such as tissue engineering and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Sartori
- Politecnico di Torino
- Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Chiono
- Politecnico di Torino
- Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Politecnico di Torino
- Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Mattu
- Politecnico di Torino
- Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Turin, Italy
| | - Ciardelli Gianluca
- Politecnico di Torino
- Dep. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Turin, Italy
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Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Nematollahi M, Karbalaie K, Ramakrishna S, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation to Cardiomyocytes on Nanostructured Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2013.830247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Boffito M, Sartori S, Ciardelli G. Polymeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering: requirements and fabrication technologies. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
- CNR-IPCF UOS Pisa; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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Silvestri A, Boffito M, Sartori S, Ciardelli G. Biomimetic Materials and Scaffolds for Myocardial Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:984-1019. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201200483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Silvestri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Monica Boffito
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Susanna Sartori
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; Politecnico di Torino; Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 10129 Turin Italy
- CNR-IPCF UOS Pisa; Via Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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41
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Kharaziha M, Nikkhah M, Shin SR, Annabi N, Masoumi N, Gaharwar AK, Camci-Unal G, Khademhosseini A. PGS:Gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with tunable mechanical and structural properties for engineering cardiac tissues. Biomaterials 2013; 34:6355-66. [PMID: 23747008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A significant challenge in cardiac tissue engineering is the development of biomimetic grafts that can potentially promote myocardial repair and regeneration. A number of approaches have used engineered scaffolds to mimic the architecture of the native myocardium tissue and precisely regulate cardiac cell functions. However, previous attempts have not been able to simultaneously recapitulate chemical, mechanical, and structural properties of the myocardial extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we utilized an electrospinning approach to fabricate elastomeric biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS):gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds with a wide range of chemical composition, stiffness and anisotropy. Our findings demonstrated that through incorporation of PGS, it is possible to create nanofibrous scaffolds with well-defined anisotropy that mimic the left ventricular myocardium architecture. Furthermore, we studied attachment, proliferation, differentiation and alignment of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast cells (CFs) as well as protein expression, alignment, and contractile function of cardiomyocyte (CMs) on PGS:gelatin scaffolds with variable amount of PGS. Notably, aligned nanofibrous scaffold, consisting of 33 wt. % PGS, induced optimal synchronous contractions of CMs while significantly enhanced cellular alignment. Overall, our study suggests that the aligned nanofibrous PGS:gelatin scaffold support cardiac cell organization, phenotype and contraction and could potentially be used to develop clinically relevant constructs for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Kharaziha
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
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Kim HN, Jiao A, Hwang NS, Kim MS, Kang DH, Kim DH, Suh KY. Nanotopography-guided tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:536-58. [PMID: 22921841 PMCID: PMC5444877 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human tissues are intricate ensembles of multiple cell types embedded in complex and well-defined structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The organization of ECM is frequently hierarchical from nano to macro, with many proteins forming large scale structures with feature sizes up to several hundred microns. Inspired from these natural designs of ECM, nanotopography-guided approaches have been increasingly investigated for the last several decades. Results demonstrate that the nanotopography itself can activate tissue-specific function in vitro as well as promote tissue regeneration in vivo upon transplantation. In this review, we provide an extensive analysis of recent efforts to mimic functional nanostructures in vitro for improved tissue engineering and regeneration of injured and damaged tissues. We first characterize the role of various nanostructures in human tissues with respect to each tissue-specific function. Then, we describe various fabrication methods in terms of patterning principles and material characteristics. Finally, we summarize the applications of nanotopography to various tissues, which are classified into four types depending on their functions: protective, mechano-sensitive, electro-active, and shear stress-sensitive tissues. Some limitations and future challenges are briefly discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nam Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex Jiao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute for Chemical Processing, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sung Kim
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyun Kang
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Division of WCU Multiscale Mechanical Design, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Electrospinning Fundamentals and Applications. Biomater Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-087780-8.00031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hsiao CW, Bai MY, Chang Y, Chung MF, Lee TY, Wu CT, Maiti B, Liao ZX, Li RK, Sung HW. Electrical coupling of isolated cardiomyocyte clusters grown on aligned conductive nanofibrous meshes for their synchronized beating. Biomaterials 2012; 34:1063-72. [PMID: 23164424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is often associated with abnormalities in electrical function due to a massive loss of functioning cardiomyocytes. This work develops a mesh, consisting of aligned composite nanofibers of polyaniline (PANI) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), as an electrically active scaffold for coordinating the beatings of the cultured cardiomyocytes synchronously. Following doping by HCl, the electrospun fibers could be transformed into a conductive form carrying positive charges, which could then attract negatively charged adhesive proteins (i.e. fibronectin and laminin) and enhance cell adhesion. During incubation, the adhered cardiomyocytes became associated with each other and formed isolated cell clusters; the cells within each cluster elongated and aligned their morphology along the major axis of the fibrous mesh. After culture, expression of the gap-junction protein connexin 43 was clearly observed intercellularly in isolated clusters. All of the cardiomyocytes within each cluster beat synchronously, implying that the coupling between the cells was fully developed. Additionally, the beating rates among these isolated cell clusters could be synchronized via an electrical stimulation designed to imitate that generated in a native heart. Importantly, improving the impaired heart function depends on electrical coupling between the engrafted cells and the host myocardium to ensure their synchronized beating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wen Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
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Hussain A, Collins G, Yip D, Cho CH. Functional 3-D cardiac co-culture model using bioactive chitosan nanofiber scaffolds. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 110:637-47. [PMID: 22991229 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro generation of a three-dimensional (3-D) myocardial tissue-like construct employing cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is a promising strategy in cardiac tissue regeneration, drug testing, and tissue engineering applications. Despite significant progress in this field, current cardiac tissue models are not yet able to stably maintain functional characteristics of cardiomyocytes for long-term culture and therapeutic purposes. The objective of this study was to fabricate bioactive 3-D chitosan nanofiber scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and exploring its potential for long-term cardiac function in the 3-D co-culture model. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide biomaterial that is biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and cost effective. Electrospun chitosan was utilized to provide structural scaffolding characterized by scale and architectural resemblance to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vivo. The chitosan fibers were coated with fibronectin via adsorption in order to enhance cellular adhesion to the fibers and migration into the interfibrous milieu. Ventricular cardiomyocytes were harvested from neonatal rats and studied in various culture conditions (i.e., mono- and co-cultures) for their viability and function. Cellular morphology and functionality were examined using immunofluorescent staining for alpha-sarcomeric actin (SM-actin) and gap junction protein, Connexin-43 (Cx43). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy were used to investigate cellular morphology, spatial organization, and contractions. Calcium indicator was used to monitor calcium ion flux of beating cardiomyocytes. The results demonstrate that the chitosan nanofibers retained their cylindrical morphology in long-term cell cultures and exhibited good cellular attachment and spreading in the presence of adhesion molecule, fibronectin. Cardiomyocyte mono-cultures resulted in loss of cardiomyocyte polarity and islands of non-coherent contractions. However, the cardiomyocyte-fibroblast co-cultures resulted in polarized cardiomyocyte morphology and retained their morphology and function for long-term culture. The Cx43 expression in the fibroblast co-culture was higher than the cardiomyocytes mono-culture and endothelial cells co-culture. In addition, fibroblast co-cultures demonstrated synchronized contractions involving large tissue-like cellular networks. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to test chitosan nanofiber scaffolds as a 3-D cardiac co-culture model. Our results demonstrate that chitosan nanofibers can serve as a potential scaffold that can retain cardiac structure and function. These studies will provide useful information to develop a strategy that allows us to generate engineered 3-D cardiac tissue constructs using biocompatible and biodegradable chitosan nanofiber scaffolds for many tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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Habeler W, Peschanski M, Monville C. Organotypic heart slices for cell transplantation and physiological studies. Organogenesis 2012; 5:62-6. [PMID: 19794901 DOI: 10.4161/org.5.2.9091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have significantly improved our ability to investigate cell transplantation and study the physiology of transplanted cells in cardiac tissue. Several previous studies have shown that fully-immersed heart slices can be used for electrophysiological investigations. Additionally, ischemic heart slices induced by glucose and oxygen deprivation offer a useful tool to investigate mechanical integration and to measure forces of contraction of engrafted cells, at least for short term analysis. A recent and novel model of heart slices, prepared from rat and human tissues, can be maintained in culture for up to two months. This new heart slice model can be used for long term in vitro cell transplantation studies and for pharmacological evaluation. This review will focus on describing these models and demonstrating the use of organotypic heart slices as a novel tool for drugs for studying electrophysiology and developing cellular therapeutic approaches to alleviate cardiac tissue damage.
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Rai R, Tallawi M, Grigore A, Boccaccini AR. Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS): A review. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chiu LLY, Janic K, Radisic M. Engineering of oriented myocardium on three-dimensional micropatterned collagen-chitosan hydrogel. Int J Artif Organs 2012; 35:237-50. [PMID: 22505198 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surface topography and electrical field stimulation are important guidance cues that aid the organization and contractility of cardiomyocytes in vivo. We report here on the use of these biomimetic cues in vitro to engineer an implantable contractile cardiac tissue. METHODS Photocrosslinkable collagen-chitosan hydrogels with microgrooves of 10 µm, 20 µm and 100 µm in width were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds. The hydrogels were seeded with cardiomyocytes, placed into a bioreactor array with the microgrooves aligned with the electrical field lines, and stimulated with biphasic square pulses at 1 Hz and 2.5 V/cm. RESULTS At Day 6, cardiomyocytes were aligned in the direction of the microgrooves. When cultivated without electrical stimulation, the excitation threshold of engineered cardiac tissues using micropatterned hydrogels was significantly lower than using smooth hydrogels, thus showing the importance of cell alignment to cardiac function. The success rate of achieving beating constructs was higher with the application of electrical stimulation. In addition, formation of dense contractile cardiac organoids was observed in groups with both biomimetic cues. The cultivation of cardiomyocytes on hydrogels with 10 µm grooves yielded 100% beating tissues with or without electrical stimulation, thus suggesting a smaller groove width is necessary for cells to communicate and form proper gap junctions. However, electrical field stimulation further increased cell density and enhanced tissue morphology which may be essential for the integration of the tissue construct to the native heart tissue upon implantation. CONCLUSIONS The biodegradability of the hydrogel substrate allows for the rapid translation of the engineered, oriented cardiac tissue to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine L Y Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON - Canada
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Massumi M, Abasi M, Babaloo H, Terraf P, Safi M, Saeed M, Barzin J, Zandi M, Soleimani M. The effect of topography on differentiation fates of matrigel-coated mouse embryonic stem cells cultured on PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2011; 18:609-20. [PMID: 21981309 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells, these cells are an invaluable in vitro model that investigates the influence of different physical and chemical cues on differentiation/development pathway of specialized cells. We sought the effect of roughness and alignment, as topomorpholocial properties of scaffolds on differentiation of green fluorescent protein-expressing ES (GFP-ES) cells into three germ layers derivates simultaneously. Furthermore, the effect of Matrigel as a natural extracellular matrix in combination with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous scaffolds on differentiation of mouse ES cells has been investigated. The PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds with different height and distribution of roughness and alignments were fabricated. Then, the different cell differentiation fats of GFP-ES cells plated on PLGA and PLGA/Matrigel scaffolds were analyzed by gene expression profiling. The findings demonstrated that distinct ranges of roughness, height, and distribution can support/promote a specific cell differentiation fate on scaffolds. Coating of scaffolds with Matrigel has a synergistic effect in differentiation of mesoderm-derived cells and germ cells from ES cells, whereas it inhibits the derivation of endodermal cell lineages. It was concluded that the topomorpholocial cues such as roughness and alignment should be considered in addition to other scaffolds properties to design an efficient electrospun scaffold for specific tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Massumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Parrag IC, Zandstra PW, Woodhouse KA. Fiber alignment and coculture with fibroblasts improves the differentiated phenotype of murine embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for cardiac tissue engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 109:813-22. [PMID: 22006660 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an important source of cardiomyocytes for regenerating injured myocardium. The successful use of ESC-derived cardiomyocytes in cardiac tissue engineering requires an understanding of the important scaffold properties and culture conditions to promote cell attachment, differentiation, organization, and contractile function. The goal of this work was to investigate how scaffold architecture and coculture with fibroblasts influences the differentiated phenotype of murine ESC-derived cardiomyocytes (mESCDCs). Electrospinning was used to process an elastomeric biodegradable polyurethane (PU) into aligned or unaligned fibrous scaffolds. Bioreactor produced mESCDCs were seeded onto the PU scaffolds either on their own or after pre-seeding the scaffolds with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Viable mESCDCs attached to the PU scaffolds and were functionally contractile in all conditions tested. Importantly, the aligned scaffolds led to the anisotropic organization of rod-shaped cells, improved sarcomere organization, and increased mESCDC aspect ratio (length-to-diameter ratio) when compared to cells on the unaligned scaffolds. In addition, pre-seeding the scaffolds with MEFs improved mESCDC sarcomere formation compared to mESCDCs cultured alone. These results suggest that both fiber alignment and pre-treatment of scaffolds with fibroblasts improve the differentiation of mESCDCs and are important parameters for developing engineered myocardial tissue constructs using ESC-derived cardiac cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Parrag
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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