1
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Vargas MH, Chávez J, Del-Razo-Rodríguez R, Muñoz-Perea C, Romo-Domínguez KJ, Báez-Saldaña R, Rumbo-Nava U, Guerrero-Zúñiga S. Glycine by enteral route does not improve major clinical outcomes in severe COVID-19: a randomized clinical pilot trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11566. [PMID: 38773199 PMCID: PMC11109244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a worrying scarcity of drug options for patients with severe COVID-19. Glycine possesses anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, endothelium-protective, and platelet-antiaggregant properties, so its use in these patients seems promising. In this open label, controlled clinical trial, inpatients with severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation randomly received usual care (control group) or usual care plus 0.5 g/kg/day glycine by the enteral route (experimental group). Major outcomes included mortality, time to weaning from mechanical ventilation, total time on mechanical ventilation, and time from study recruitment to death. Secondary outcomes included laboratory tests and serum cytokines. Patients from experimental (n = 33) and control groups (n = 23) did not differ in basal characteristics. There were no differences in mortality (glycine group, 63.6% vs control group, 52.2%, p = 0.60) nor in any other major outcome. Glycine intake was associated with lower fibrinogen levels, either evaluated per week of follow-up (p < 0.05 at weeks 1, 2, and 4) or as weighted mean during the whole hospitalization (608.7 ± 17.7 mg/dl vs control 712.2 ± 25.0 mg/dl, p = 0.001), but did not modify any other laboratory test or cytokine concentration. In summary, in severe COVID-19 glycine was unable to modify major clinical outcomes, serum cytokines or most laboratory tests, but was associated with lower serum fibrinogen concentration.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04443673, 23/06/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Jaime Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rosangela Del-Razo-Rodríguez
- Servicio Clínico de Neumología Pediátrica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Perea
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karina Julieta Romo-Domínguez
- Servicio de Urgencias, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | - Renata Báez-Saldaña
- Servicio Clínico 3, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Uriel Rumbo-Nava
- Servicio Clínico 3, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Selene Guerrero-Zúñiga
- Unidad de Medicina del Sueño, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
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2
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Zhou J, Hou HT, Song Y, Zhou XL, Chen HX, Zhang LL, Xue HM, Yang Q, He GW. Metabolomics Analysis Identifies Differential Metabolites as Biomarkers for Acute Myocardial Infarction. Biomolecules 2024; 14:532. [PMID: 38785939 PMCID: PMC11117998 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), including ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is still a leading cause of death worldwide. Metabolomics technology was used to explore differential metabolites (DMs) as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of STEMI and NSTEMI. In the study, 2531 metabolites, including 1925 DMs, were discovered. In the selected 27 DMs, 14 were successfully verified in a new cohort, and the AUC values were all above 0.8. There were 10 in STEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, L-acetylcarnitine, acetylglycine, decanoylcarnitine, hydroxyphenyllactic acid, ferulic acid, itaconic acid, lauroylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, and cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and 5 in NSTEMI group, namely L-aspartic acid, arachidonic acid, palmitoleic acid, D-aspartic acid, and palmitelaidic acid. These 14 DMs may be developed as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of MI with high sensitivity and specificity. These findings have particularly important clinical significance for NSTEMI patients because these patients have no typical ECG changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Critical Care Unit, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and the Critical Care Unit, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huan-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hong-Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300457, China; (J.Z.); (H.-T.H.); (H.-X.C.); (L.-L.Z.); (H.-M.X.); (Q.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Cardiovascular Diseases and Translational Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; (Y.S.); (X.-L.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery & The Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300457, China
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3
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Zhang Q, Zeng R, Tang J, Jiang X, Zhu C. The "crosstalk" between microbiota and metabolomic profile in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice supplemented with Bletilla striata polysaccharides and composite polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130018. [PMID: 38331057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The potential prebiotic feature of Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) has been widely accepted, while the beneficial effect of BSP on high-fat-diet-induced obesity is unclear. Moreover, the "crosstalk" between microbiota and metabolomic profile in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice supplemented with BSP still need to be further explored. The present study attempted to illustrate the effect of BSP and/or composite polysaccharides on high-fat-diet-induced obese mice by combining multi-matrix (feces, urine, liver) metabolomics and gut microbiome. The results showed that BSP and/or composite polysaccharides were able to reduce the abnormal weight gain induced by high-fat diet. A total of 175 molecules were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) in feces, urine and liver, suggesting that multi-matrix metabolomics could provide a comprehensive view of metabolic regulatory mechanism of BSP in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. Several pathways were altered in response to BSP supplementation, mainly pertaining to amino acid, purine, pyrimidine, ascorbate and aldarate metabolisms. In addition, BSP ameliorated high-fat-diet-induced imbalanced gut microbiome, by lowering the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes. Significant correlations were illustrated between particular microbiota's features and specific metabolites. Overall, the anti-obesity effect of BSP could be attributed to the amelioration of the disorders of gut microbiota and to the regulation of the "gut-liver axis" metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenglin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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4
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Ramos-Barbero M, Rufino-Palomares EE, Serrano-Carmona S, Hernández-Yera M, García-Salguero L, Lupiáñez JA, Pérez-Jiménez A. Effect of Nutraceutical Factors on Hepatic Intermediary Metabolism in Wistar Rats with Induced Tendinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:629. [PMID: 38203800 PMCID: PMC10779845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy (TP) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by local inflammation, pain in the affected area, and loss of performance, preceded by tendon injury. The disease develops in three phases: Inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and remodeling phase. There are currently no proven treatments for early reversal of this type of injury. However, the metabolic pathways of the transition metabolism, which are necessary for the proper functioning of the organism, are known. These metabolic pathways can be modified by a number of external factors, such as nutritional supplements. In this study, the modulatory effect of four dietary supplements, maslinic acid (MA), hydroxytyrosol (HT), glycine, and aspartate (AA), on hepatic intermediary metabolism was observed in Wistar rats with induced tendinopathy at different stages of the disease. Induced tendinopathy in rats produces alterations in the liver intermediary metabolism. Nutraceutical treatments modify the intermediary metabolism in the different phases of tendinopathy, so AA treatment produced a decrease in carbohydrate metabolism. In lipid metabolism, MA and AA caused a decrease in lipogenesis at the tendinopathy and increased fatty acid oxidation. In protein metabolism, MA treatment increased GDH and AST activity; HT decreased ALT activity; and the AA treatment does not cause any alteration. Use of nutritional supplements of diet could help to regulate the intermediary metabolism in the TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ramos-Barbero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-B.); (L.G.-S.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Eva E. Rufino-Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-B.); (L.G.-S.); (J.A.L.)
| | | | - Manuel Hernández-Yera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-B.); (L.G.-S.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Leticia García-Salguero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-B.); (L.G.-S.); (J.A.L.)
| | - José Antonio Lupiáñez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.R.-B.); (L.G.-S.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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5
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Trejo-Moreno C, Alvarado-Ojeda ZA, Méndez-Martínez M, Cruz-Muñoz ME, Castro-Martínez G, Arrellín-Rosas G, Zamilpa A, Jimenez-Ferrer JE, Baez Reyes JC, Fragoso G, Salgado GR. Aqueous Fraction from Cucumis sativus Aerial Parts Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction In Vivo by Activating Akt. Nutrients 2023; 15:4680. [PMID: 37960332 PMCID: PMC10649625 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a marker of vascular damage and a precursor of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, which involve inflammation and organ damage. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by eNOS, which is induced by pAKT, plays a crucial role in the function of a healthy endothelium. METHODS A combination of subfractions SF1 and SF3 (C4) of the aqueous fraction from Cucumis sativus (Cs-Aq) was evaluated to control endothelial dysfunction in vivo and on HMEC-1 cells to assess the involvement of pAkt in vitro. C57BL/6J mice were injected daily with angiotensin II (Ang-II) for 10 weeks. Once hypertension was established, either Cs-AqC4 or losartan was orally administered along with Ang-II for a further 10 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured at weeks 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. In addition, serum creatinine, inflammatory status (in the kidney), tissue damage, and vascular remodeling (in the liver and aorta) were evaluated. Cs-AqC4 was also tested in vitro on HMEC-1 cells stimulated by Ang-II to assess the involvement of Akt phosphorylation. RESULTS Cs-AqC4 decreased systolic and diastolic BP, reversed vascular remodeling, decreased IL-1β and TGF-β, increased IL-10, and decreased kidney and liver damage. In HMEC-1 cells, AKT phosphorylation and NO production were increased. CONCLUSIONS Cs-AqC4 controlled inflammation and vascular remodeling, alleviating hypertension; it also improved tissue damage associated with ED, probably via Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (C.T.-M.); (Z.A.A.-O.); (M.E.C.-M.); (G.A.-R.)
| | - Zimri Aziel Alvarado-Ojeda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (C.T.-M.); (Z.A.A.-O.); (M.E.C.-M.); (G.A.-R.)
| | - Marisol Méndez-Martínez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico;
| | - Mario Ernesto Cruz-Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (C.T.-M.); (Z.A.A.-O.); (M.E.C.-M.); (G.A.-R.)
| | - Gabriela Castro-Martínez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Arrellín-Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (C.T.-M.); (Z.A.A.-O.); (M.E.C.-M.); (G.A.-R.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Panamericana, Ciudad de México 03920, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico; (A.Z.); (J.E.J.-F.)
| | - Jesús Enrique Jimenez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Morelos, Mexico; (A.Z.); (J.E.J.-F.)
| | - Juan Carlos Baez Reyes
- Escuela Nacional Preparatoria No. 1, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 16030, Mexico;
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rosas Salgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Morelos, Mexico; (C.T.-M.); (Z.A.A.-O.); (M.E.C.-M.); (G.A.-R.)
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6
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Gutiérrez-Rojas RA, Aguayo-Cerón KA, Vargas-De-León C, Cabrera-Becerra SE, Almanza-Pérez JC, Huang F, Villafaña S, Romero-Nava R. Glycine Effect on the Expression Profile of Orphan Receptors GPR21, GPR26, GPR39, GPR82 and GPR6 in a Model of Inflammation in 3T3-L1 Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1687. [PMID: 36362842 PMCID: PMC9696036 DOI: 10.3390/life12111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic or low-grade inflammation is a process where various immune cells are recruited from the periphery into adipose tissue. This event gives rise to localised inflammation, in addition to having a close interaction with cardiometabolic pathologies where the mediation of orphan receptors is observed. The aim of this study was to analyse the participation of the orphan receptors GPR21, GPR39, GPR82 and GPR6 in a chronic inflammatory process in 3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were stimulated with TNF-α (5 ng/mL) for 60 min as an inflammatory model. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR. RESULTS We showed that the inflammatory stimulus of TNF-α in adipocytes decreased the expression of the orphan receptors GPR21, GPR26, GPR39, GPR82 and GPR6, which are related to low-grade inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GPR21 and GPR82 are modulated by glycine, it shows a possible protective role in the presence of an inflammatory environment in adipocytes, and they could be a therapeutic target to decrease the inflammation in some diseases related to low-grade inflammation such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Aidee Aguayo-Cerón
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Cruz Vargas-De-León
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México 07760, Mexico
| | - Sandra Edith Cabrera-Becerra
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
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7
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Rosiles-Alanis W, Zamilpa A, García-Macedo R, Zavala-Sánchez MA, Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Mora-Ramiro B, Román-Ramos R, Estrada-Soto SE, Almanza-Perez JC. 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and β-Sitosterol from Cucurbita ficifolia Act as Insulin Secretagogues, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma Agonists, and Liver Glycogen Storage Promoters: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies. J Med Food 2022; 25:588-596. [PMID: 35708636 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretion and GLUT4 expression are two critical events in glucose regulation. The receptors G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) modulate these processes, and they represent potential therapeutic targets for new antidiabetic agent's design. Cucurbita ficifolia fruit is used in traditional medicine for diabetes control. Previous studies demonstrated several effects: a hypoglycemic effect mediated by an insulin secretagogue action, antihyperglycemic effect, and promoting liver glycogen storage. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were also reported. Moreover, some of its phytochemicals have been described, including d-chiro-inositol. However, to understand these effects integrally, other active principles should be investigated. The aim was to perform a chemical fractionation guided by bioassay to isolate and identify other compounds from C. ficifolia fruit that explain its hypoglycemic action as insulin secretagogue, its antihyperglycemic effect by PPARγ activation, and on liver glycogen storage. Three different preparations of C. ficifolia were tested in vivo. Ethyl acetate fraction derived from aqueous extract showed antihyperglycemic effect in an oral glucose tolerance test and was further fractioned. The insulin secretagogue action was tested in RINm5F cells. For the PPARγ activation, C2C12 myocytes were treated with the fractions, and GLUT4 mRNA expression was measured. Chemical fractionation resulted in the isolation and identification of β-sitosterol and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), which increased insulin secretion, GLUT4, PPARγ, and adiponectin mRNA expression, in addition to an increase in glycogen storage. 4-HBA exhibited an antihyperglycemic effect, while β-sitosterol showed hypoglycemic effect, confirming the wide antidiabetic related results we found in our in vitro models. An in silico study revealed that 4-HBA and β-sitosterol have potential as dual agonists on PPARγ and GPR40 receptors. Both compounds should be considered in the development of new antidiabetic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendoline Rosiles-Alanis
- Postgraduate degree programme in Experimental Biology, DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Southern Biomedical Research Center (CIBIS), Mexican Social Security Institute, Xochitepec, Mexico
| | - Rebeca García-Macedo
- Medical Investigation Unit in Biochemistry, Specialty Hospital, XXI Century National Medical Center, Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Zavala-Sánchez
- Biological Systems Dept., DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- CONACyT, IPICYT/Consortium for Research, Innovation and Development for Arid Zones, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Mora-Ramiro
- Health Science Dept., DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Health Science Dept., DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Julio C Almanza-Perez
- Health Science Dept., DCBS, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Imenshahidi M, Hossenzadeh H. Effects of glycine on metabolic syndrome components: a review. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:927-939. [PMID: 35013990 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glycine is the simplest and major amino acid in humans. It is mainly generated in the liver and kidney and is used to produce collagen, creatine, glucose and purine. It is also involved in immune function, anti-inflammatory processes and anti-oxidation reactions. Here, we reviewed the current evidence supporting the role of glycine in the development and treatment of metabolic syndrome components. METHODS We searched Scopus, PubMed and EMBASE databases for papers concerning glycine and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS Available evidence shows that the amount of glycine synthesized in vivo is insufficient to meet metabolic demands in these species. Plasma glycine levels are lower in subjects with metabolic syndrome than in healthy individuals. Interventions such as lifestyle modification, exercise, weight loss, or drugs that improve manifestations of metabolic syndrome remarkably increase circulating glycine concentrations. CONCLUSION Glycine supplementation improves various components of metabolic syndrome including diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. In the future, the use of glycine may have a significant clinical impact on the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - H Hossenzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Gan Z, Zhang M, Xie D, Wu X, Hong C, Fu J, Fan L, Wang S, Han S. Glycinergic Signaling in Macrophages and Its Application in Macrophage-Associated Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762564. [PMID: 34675940 PMCID: PMC8523992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences support that amino acids direct the fate decision of immune cells. Glycine is a simple structural amino acid acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Besides, glycine receptors as well as glycine transporters are found in macrophages, indicating that glycine alters the functions of macrophages besides as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Mechanistically, glycine shapes macrophage polarization via cellular signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, NRF2, and Akt) and microRNAs. Moreover, glycine has beneficial effects in preventing and/or treating macrophage-associated diseases such as colitis, NAFLD and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Collectively, this review highlights the conceivable role of glycinergic signaling for macrophage polarization and indicates the potential application of glycine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in macrophage-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhending Gan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiyu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Xie
- Nanchang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changming Hong
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Fan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sufang Han
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Su X, Cheng Y, Zhang G, Wang B. Novel insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic related dyslipidemia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5675-5687. [PMID: 34218408 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the technological advances, it has been well-established that obesity is strongly correlated with various health problems. Among these problems, dyslipidemia is one of the most important concomitant symptoms under obese status which is the main driving force behind the pathological progression of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Importantly, the type of dyslipidemia, arising from concerted action of obesity, has been identified as "metabolic related dyslipidemia", which is characterized by increased circulating levels of Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) accompanied by lower circulating levels of High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the metabolic related dyslipidemia is being verified as a vital link between obesity and hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we summarized the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, we also summarized the emerging results which focused on several novel lipid bio-markers in metabolic related dyslipidemia, such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Road, Xiamen, 361000, Fujian, China.
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11
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Su X, Chen X, Wang B. Pathology of metabolically-related dyslipidemia. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 521:107-115. [PMID: 34192528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that overweight/obesity is closely associated with multiple health problems. Among these, dyslipidemia is the most important and main driving force behind pathologic development of cardio-metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic-related cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Notably, a subtype of dyslipidemia, metabolic related dyslipidemia, is now recognized as a vital link between obesity and multiple different cardiovascular diseases. This condition is characterized by increased low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of metabolic related dyslipidemia and the potential mechanisms which lead to the pathogenesis of obesity/overweight. We focus on several novel lipid biomarkers such as pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and their potential use as biomarkers of metabolic related dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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12
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Romero-Nava R, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Giacoman-Martínez A, Blancas-Flores G, Aguayo-Cerón KA, Ballinas-Verdugo MA, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Huang F, Villafaña-Rauda S, Almanza-Pérez JC. Glycine is a competitive antagonist of the TNF receptor mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:605-618. [PMID: 33877377 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the involvement of TNF-α and glycine receptors in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. METHODS RT-PCR evidenced glycine receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 cells were transfected with siRNA for the glycine (Glrb) and TNF1a (Tnfrsf1a) receptors and confirmed by confocal microscopy. Transfected cells were treated with glycine (10 mM). The expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA were measured by qRT-PCR, while concentrations were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Glycine decreased the expression and concentration of TNF-α and IL-6; this effect did not occur in the absence of TNF-α receptor due to siRNA. In contrast, glycine produced only slight changes in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in the absence of the glycine receptor due to siRNA. A docking analysis confirmed the possibility of binding glycine to the TNF-α1a receptor. CONCLUSION These findings support the idea that glycine could partially inhibit the binding of TNF-α to its receptor and provide clues about the mechanisms by which glycine inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines in adipocytes through the TNF-α receptor.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Animals
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Glycine/pharmacology
- Mice
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Glycine/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Karla A Aguayo-Cerón
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha A Ballinas-Verdugo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología (Ignacio Chávez), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fengyang Huang
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Santiago Villafaña-Rauda
- Sección de Posgrado, Laboratorio de Señalización Intracelular, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Liu Y, Sun B, Zhang S, Li J, Qi J, Bai C, Zhang J, Liang S. Glycine alleviates fluoride-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:884-896. [PMID: 33738852 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycine is a well-known free radical scavenger in the cellular antioxidant system that prevents oxidative damage and apoptosis. Excessive fluoride exposure is associated with multiple types of cellular damage in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of glycine on sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure and the possible underlying mechanisms in a porcine testicular Sertoli cell line model. Cellular viability and proliferation were examined following NaF exposure and glycine supplementation, and glycine dramatically ameliorated the decreases in NaF-induced porcine testicular Sertoli cell viability and proliferation. Further investigations revealed that glycine decreased NaF-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, DNA fragment accumulation and the apoptosis incidence in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line; in addition, glycine improved mitochondrial function and ATP production. Notably, results of the SPiDER-β-Gal analysis suggested that glycine alleviated NaF-induced cellular senescence and downregulated P53, P21, HMGA2 and P16INK4a gene expression in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line. Collectively, the beneficial effects of glycine alleviate NaF-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and senescence, and together with our previous findings, support the hypothesis that glycine plays an important role in protecting against NaF exposure-induced impairments in the porcine testicular Sertoli cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boxing Sun
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiajia Qi
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyan Bai
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Animals Sciences, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Simmons RM, McKnight SM, Edwards AK, Wu G, Satterfield MC. Obesity increases hepatic glycine dehydrogenase and aminomethyltransferase expression while dietary glycine supplementation reduces white adipose tissue in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1413-1423. [PMID: 33057941 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with altered glycine metabolism in humans. This study investigated the mechanisms regulating glycine metabolism in obese rats. Eight-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF; a type-II diabetic animal model) received either 1% glycine or 1.19% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control) in drinking water for 6 weeks. An additional group of lean Zucker rats also received 1.19% L-alanine as a lean control. Glycine concentrations in serum and liver were markedly lower in obese versus lean rats. Enteral glycine supplementation restored both serum and hepatic glycine levels, while reducing mesenteric and internal white fat mass compared with alanine-treated ZDF rats. Blood glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations did not differ between the control and glycine-supplemented ZDF rats (P > 0.10). Both mRNA and protein expression of aminomethyltransferase (AMT) and glycine dehydrogenase, decarboxylating (GLDC) were increased in the livers of obese versus lean rats (P < 0.05). In contrast, glycine cleavage system H (GCSH) hepatic mRNA expression was downregulated in obese versus lean rats, although there was no change in protein expression. These findings indicate that reduced quantities of glycine observed in obese subjects likely results from an upregulation of the hepatic glycine cleavage system and that dietary glycine supplementation potentially reduces obesity in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Simmons
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sorin M McKnight
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ashley K Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Michael C Satterfield
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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15
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Su X, Peng D. Emerging functions of adipokines in linking the development of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:7991-8006. [PMID: 32888125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05732-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that obesity is the critical factor in shaping cardio-metabolic phenotypes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely clarified. According to the published reports, adipose tissue communicates with several diverse organs, such as heart, lungs, and kidneys through the secretion of various cytokines named adipokines. The adipocytes isolated from obese mice or humans are dysfunctional with aberrant production of pro-inflammatory adipokines, which subsequently induce both acute and chronic inflammatory reaction and facilitate the process of cardio-metabolic disorder complications. Furthermore, the microenvironment within adipose tissue under obese status also influence the secretion of adipokines. Recently, given that several important adipokines have been completely researched and causally involved in various diseases, we could make a conclusion that adipokines play an essential role in modulating the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, whereas several novel adipokines continue to be explored and elucidated. In the present review, we summarized the current knowledge of the microenvironment of adipose tissue and the published mechanisms whereby adipocytes affects obesity and cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, we also provide the evidence to elucidate the functions of adipokines in controlling and regulating the inflammatory reactions which contribute to obesity and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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16
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Mora-Ramiro B, Jiménez-Estrada M, Zentella-Dehesa A, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Gomez-Quiroz LE, Rosiles-Alanis W, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Almanza-Pérez JC. Cacalol Acetate, a Sesquiterpene from Psacalium decompositum, Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect through LPS/NF-KB Signaling in Raw 264.7 Macrophages. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:2447-2455. [PMID: 32672964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases remain critical health problems worldwide. The search for anti-inflammatory drugs is a primary activity in the pharmaceutical industry. Cacalol is a sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory potential that is isolated from Psacalium decompositum, a medicinal plant with several scientific reports supporting its anti-inflammatory activity. Cacalol acetate (CA) is the most stable form. Nevertheless, the participation of CA in the main signaling pathway associated with inflammation is unknown. Our aim was to study the anti-inflammatory effect of CA and to determine its participation in NF-κB signaling. In TPA-induced edema in mice, CA produced 70.3% inhibition. To elucidate the influence of CA on the NF-κB pathway, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with CA and then stimulated with LPS, evaluating NF-ΚB activation, IKK phosphorylation, IΚB-α, p65, cytokine expression, and COX-2 release and activity. CA inhibited NF-κB activation and its upstream signaling, decreasing phosphorylation IKB-α and p65 levels. CA also reduced expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Additionally, it decreased the activity and expression of COX-2 mRNA. These data support that CA regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, which might explain, at least in part, its anti-inflammatory effect. CA is a bioactive molecule useful for the development of anti-inflammatory agents with innovative mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mora-Ramiro
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Division de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa., San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - A Zentella-Dehesa
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - J L Ventura-Gallegos
- Programa Institucional de Cáncer de Mama, Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Circuito, Mario de La Cueva s/n, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, México
| | - L E Gomez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - W Rosiles-Alanis
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Division de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa., San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - F J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - J C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de CBS, UAM-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Vicentina, Delegación Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
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17
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Marine collagen and its derivatives: Versatile and sustainable bio-resources for healthcare. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Su X, Peng D. Adipokines as novel biomarkers of cardio-metabolic disorders. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 507:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Fortis-Barrera MDLÁ, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Becerril-García A, Flores-Sáenz JLE, Almanza-Pérez JC, García-Lorenzana M, Lazzarini-Lechuga RC, Román-Ramos R, Blancas-Flores G. Mechanism of the Hypoglycemic Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. J Med Food 2020; 23:783-792. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Fortis-Barrera
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcón-Aguilar
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Araceli Becerril-García
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Eduardo Flores-Sáenz
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario García-Lorenzana
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Tissue Neurobiology, Department of Reproduction Biology, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Carlos Lazzarini-Lechuga
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Confocal Microscopy, Department of Reproduction Biology, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Division of Health and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University of Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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Giles-Rivas D, Estrada-Soto S, Aguilar-Guadarrama AB, Almanza-Pérez J, García-Jiménez S, Colín-Lozano B, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Villalobos-Molina R. Antidiabetic effect of Cordia morelosana, chemical and pharmacological studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112543. [PMID: 31917279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE CORDIA MORELOSANA: Standley (Boraginaceae) is commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, kidney inflammation, diabetes, lung pain, bronchitis, asthma, hoarseness, cough and fever. AIM Current work was conducted to develop a bio-guided isolation of antidiabetic compounds from ethanolic extract of Cordia morelosana (EECm). MATERIAL AND METHODS The phytochemical bio-guided study was conducted by successive chromatographic techniques, and isolated compounds were characterized by 1D and 2D-NMR experiments. The in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic activities of EECm (100 mg/kg), and methyl rosmarinate (MR, 50 mg/kg) were determined on normoglycemic and diabetic murine models. Additionally, the in vitro activity was conducted to determine α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, and PPARs, GLUT4 and FATP expression on 3T3-L1 cells by RT-PCR. Acute and sub-chronic toxicological studies for EECm were conducted on rats, following the OECD guidelines (No. 420 and 407). RESULTS EECm promotes significant α-glucosidase inhibition (55.6%) at 1 mg/kg respect to the control. Also, EECm (100 mg/kg) showed significant antihyperglycemic effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and in non-insulin dependent type 2 diabetes (NIDD) model, had antidiabetic activity (p < 0.001) compared to controls. The bio-guided isolation allowed to obtain four known compounds described as rosmarinic acid (RA), methyl rosmarinate (MR), nicotiflorine and 1-O-methyl-scyllo-inositol. On the other hand, MR showed significant antidiabetic and anthiyperglycemic activities (p < 0.05), and overexpression of PPARγ, PPARα, GLUT-4 and FATP than control. Docking studies were conducted with PPARγ and PPARα, showing interesting binding mode profile on those targets. Finally, EECm displayed a LD50 > 2000 mg/kg and sub-chronic toxicological study reveals no toxic signs in animals tested compared to control. CONCLUSION EECm showed significant antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic actions being RA and MR the main antidiabetic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giles-Rivas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | | | - Julio Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sara García-Jiménez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Villalobos-Molina
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, Mexico
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Polydatin Inhibits Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Fed Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7196535. [PMID: 31828124 PMCID: PMC6885157 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD), an active component of Chinese herbs, is reported to have many biological functions, such as cardioprotective actions, anti-inflammatory activities, and antitumor effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of PD on body weight control, glucose and lipid metabolic regulation, and anti-inflammation in a high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice model. After treatment of PD (100 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks), HFD mice reduced body weight, retroperitoneal fat mass, and adipose cell sizes; significantly lowered serum total cholesterol triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared with the HFD control mice. Further studies showed that PD downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor involving in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, in the retroperitoneal fat of HFD mice. Additionally, PD significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of leptin, an adipocyte-derived anorexic hormone that regulates food intake and energy expenditure, in the adipose tissues of HFD mice. Moreover, PD reduced the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the retroperitoneal and epididymal tissues of HFD mice, suggesting that PD prevented adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, PD may serve as a pharmaceutic candidate for obesity-related lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and body weight loss.
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Marisol MM, Celeste TM, Laura MM, Fernando EG, José PC, Alejandro Z, Omar MC, Francisco AA, Julio César AP, Erika CN, Angélica SC, Gladis F, Enrique JF, Gabriela R. Effect of Cucumis sativus on Dysfunctional 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13372. [PMID: 31527805 PMCID: PMC6746747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is caused by lipid accumulation in adipose tissues inducing adipocyte dysfunction, characterized by insulin resistance, increased lipolysis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to increased levels of adipokines. Herein the capacity of the subfractions (SFs) SF1, SF2, and SF3 from the Cucumis sativus aqueous fraction and their combinations (M) to control adipocyte dysfunction in vitro, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was studied. Adipocytes, previously treated with dexamethasone or IL-1 to induce dysfunction, were incubated with different concentrations of the subfractions for 24 h. 2-deoxyglucose consumption and glycerol release were evaluated, and a surface model was constructed to determine the most effective SF concentrations to improve both parameters. Effective SF combinations were assessed in their capacity to control metabolic, pro-oxidative, and pro-inflammatory conditions. SF1, SF2 (40 μg/ml each) and SF3 (20 μg/ml) improved 2-deoxyglucose consumption by 87%, 57%, and 87%, respectively. SF1 and SF2 (5 μg/ml each) and SF3 (40 μg/mL) increased glycerol secretion by 10.6%, 18.9%, and 11.8%, respectively. Among five combinations tested, only M4 (SF1 40 μg/ml:SF2 60 μg/ml:SF3 30 μg/ml) and M5 (SF1 40 μg/ml:SF2 60 μg/mL:SF3 10 μg/ml) controlled effectively the metabolic, pro-oxidative, and proinflammatory conditions studied. Glycine, asparagine, and arginine were the main components in these SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Méndez-Martínez Marisol
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62209, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62350, Mexico
| | - Trejo-Moreno Celeste
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62209, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62350, Mexico
| | - Maldonado-Mejía Laura
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62350, Mexico
| | | | - Pedraza-Chaverri José
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Zamilpa Alejandro
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelo, CP, 62790s, Mexico
| | - Medina-Campos Omar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alarcón-Aguilar Francisco
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de Iztapalapa, CDMX, C.P, 09640, Mexico
| | - Almanza-Pérez Julio César
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de Iztapalapa, CDMX, C.P, 09640, Mexico
| | - Contreras-Nuñez Erika
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de Iztapalapa, CDMX, C.P, 09640, Mexico
| | - Santana-Calderón Angélica
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62209, Mexico
| | - Fragoso Gladis
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, CP, 04510, Mexico
| | - Jiménez-Ferrer Enrique
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec, Morelo, CP, 62790s, Mexico.
| | - Rosas Gabriela
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP, 62209, Mexico.
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Abstract
Studies in psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) would provide better insights into the "whole mind-body system." Systems biology models of the complex adaptive systems (CASs), such as a conceptual framework of "Yin-Yang dynamics," may be helpful for identifying systems-based biomarkers and targets for more effective prevention and treatment. The disturbances in the Yin-Yang dynamical balance may result in stress, inflammation, and various disorders including insomnia, Alzheimer's disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, skin disorders, and cancer. At the molecular and cellular levels, the imbalances in the cytokine pathways, mitochondria networks, redox systems, and various signaling pathways may contribute to systemic inflammation. In the nervous system, Yin and Yang may represent the dynamical associations between the progressive and regressive processes in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In response to the damages to the heart, the Yin-Yang dynamical balance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks is crucial. The studies of cancer have revealed the importance of the Yin-Yang dynamics in the tumoricidal and tumorigenic activities of the immune system. Stress-induced neuroimmune imbalances are also essential in chronic skin disorders including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. With the integrative framework, the restoration of the Yin-Yang dynamics can become the objective of dynamical systems medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- PharmTao, Santa Clara, CA, USA. .,University of Maryland University College, Adelphi, MD, USA.
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24
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Gancheva S, Jelenik T, Álvarez-Hernández E, Roden M. Interorgan Metabolic Crosstalk in Human Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1371-1415. [PMID: 29767564 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake and reduced energy expenditure drive the development of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic signals derived from dietary intake or secreted from adipose tissue, gut, and liver contribute to energy homeostasis. Recent metabolomic studies identified novel metabolites and enlarged our knowledge on classic metabolites. This review summarizes the evidence of their roles as mediators of interorgan crosstalk and regulators of insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Circulating lipids such as free fatty acids, acetate, and palmitoleate from adipose tissue and short-chain fatty acids from the gut effectively act on liver and skeletal muscle. Intracellular lipids such as diacylglycerols and sphingolipids can serve as lipotoxins by directly inhibiting insulin action in muscle and liver. In contrast, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids have been recently shown to exert a series of beneficial effects. Also, ketoacids are gaining interest as potent modulators of insulin action and mitochondrial function. Finally, branched-chain amino acids not only predict metabolic diseases, but also inhibit insulin signaling. Here, we focus on the metabolic crosstalk in humans, which regulates insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Gancheva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elisa Álvarez-Hernández
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
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25
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Herrera-Rueda MÁ, Tlahuext H, Paoli P, Giacoman-Martínez A, Almanza-Pérez JC, Pérez-Sánchez H, Gutiérrez-Hernández A, Chávez-Silva F, Dominguez-Mendoza EA, Estrada-Soto S, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Design, synthesis, in vitro, in vivo and in silico pharmacological characterization of antidiabetic N-Boc-l-tyrosine-based compounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:670-678. [PMID: 30245467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized five N-Boc-L-tyrosine-based analogues to glitazars. The in vitro effects of compounds 1-5 on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma (PPARα/γ), glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT-4) and fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) activation are reported in this paper. Compounds 1 and 3 were the most active in the in vitro PTP-1B inhibition assay, showing IC50s of approximately 44 μM. Treatment of adipocytes with compound 1 increased the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 by 8- and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, both compounds (1 and 3) also increased the relative mRNA expression of PPARα (by 8-fold) and FATP-1 (by 15-fold). Molecular docking studies were performed in order to elucidate the polypharmacological binding mode of the most active compounds on these targets. Finally, a murine model of hyperglycemia was used to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of compounds 1 and 3. We found that both compounds are orally active using an exploratory dose of 100 mg/kg, decreasing the blood glucose concentration in an oral glucose tolerance test and a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus murine model. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both molecules showed strong in vitro and in vivo effects and can be considered polypharmacological antidiabetic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo Tlahuext
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62209, Mexico
| | - Paolo Paoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche, Sezione di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - Julio César Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, México, D.F. 09340, Mexico
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Computer Engineering Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), E30107, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | | | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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26
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Woo M, Song YO, Kang KH, Noh JS. Anti-Obesity Effects of Collagen Peptide Derived from Skate ( Raja kenojei) Skin Through Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090306. [PMID: 30200239 PMCID: PMC6164805 DOI: 10.3390/md16090306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of collagen peptide derived from skate skin on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. All C57BL6/J male mice were fed a HFD with 60% kcal fat except for mice in the normal group which were fed a chow diet. The collagen-fed groups received collagen peptide (1050 Da) orally (100, 200, or 300 mg/kg body weight per day) by gavage, whereas the normal and control groups were given water (n = 9 per group). The body weight gain and visceral adipose tissue weight were lower in the collagen-fed groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Plasma and hepatic lipid levels were significantly reduced by downregulating the hepatic protein expression levels for fatty acid synthesis (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)) and cholesterol synthesis (SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR)) and upregulating those for β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1)) and synthesis of bile acid (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1)) (p < 0.05). In the collagen-fed groups, the hepatic protein expression level of phosphorylated 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and plasma adiponectin levels were higher, and the leptin level was lower (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed that collagen treatment suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and reduced the lipid droplet size in the adipose tissue. These effects were increased in a dose-dependent manner. The findings indicated that skate collagen peptide has anti-obesity effects through suppression of fat accumulation and regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | | | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan 48520, Korea.
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27
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Contreras-Nuñez E, Blancas-Flores G, Cruz M, Almanza-Perez JC, Gomez-Zamudio JH, Ventura-Gallegosc JL, Zentella-Dehesa A, Roman-Ramos R, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ. Participation of the IKK-α/β complex in the inhibition of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine: Possible involvement of a membrane receptor specific to adipocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:120-131. [PMID: 29550635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine modulates inflammatory processes mediated by macrophages and adipocytes through decreasing the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and leptin, while increasing adiponectin. These effects have been associated with the inactivation of NF-κB in response to TNF-α, across an increase of its inhibitor IκB-α in adipocytes. However, glycine upstream mainly influences the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, a multi-protein kinase complex considered a critical point in regulation of the NF-κB pathway; whether that is responsible for the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of IkB has not been explored. Additionally, although previous studies have described glycine interactions with specific receptors (GlyR) in different immune system cell types, it is currently unknown whether adipocytes present GlyR. In this research, participation of the IKK-α/β complex in the inhibition of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine was evaluated and associated with the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, we also explored GlyR expression, its localization on the plasmatic membrane, intracellular calcium concentrations [Ca2+]i and strychnine antagonist action over the GlyR in these cells. Glycine decreased the IKK-α/β complex and the phosphorylation of NF-κB, diminishing the expression and secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, but increasing that of adiponectin. GlyR expression and its fluorescence in the plasma membrane were increased in the presence of glycine. In addition, glycine decreased [Ca2+]i; whereas strychnine + glycine treatment inhibited the activation of NF-κB observed with glycine. In conclusion, the reduction of TNF-α and IL-6 and suppression of the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway by glycine may be explained in part by inhibition of the IKK-α/β complex, with a possible participation of GlyR in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Contreras-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica (UIM), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Perez
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime H Gomez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica (UIM), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI. IMSS, Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtemoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Ventura-Gallegosc
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, IIB, UNAM, SZ, CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquimica Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, IIB, UNAM, SZ, CDMX, Mexico; Unidad de Bioquimica Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City Mexico
| | - Ruben Roman-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Alarcon-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, DCBS, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Avenida San Rafael Atlixco 186, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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28
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Trejo-Moreno C, Méndez-Martínez M, Zamilpa A, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Perez-Garcia MD, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Santana MA, Esquivel-Guadarrama FR, Castillo A, Cervantes-Torres J, Fragoso G, Rosas-Salgado G. Cucumis sativus Aqueous Fraction Inhibits Angiotensin II-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress In Vitro. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030276. [PMID: 29495578 PMCID: PMC5872694 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress play major roles in endothelial dysfunction, and are key factors in the progression of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of three subfractions (SFs) from the Cucumis sativus aqueous fraction to reduce inflammatory factors and oxidative stress induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in human microvascular endothelial cells-1 (HMEC-1) cells. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of Ang II and 0.08 or 10 μg/mL of SF1, SF2, or SF3, or 10 μmol of losartan as a control. IL-6 (Interleukin 6) concentration was quantified. To identify the most effective SF combinations, HMEC-1 cells were cultured as described above in the presence of four combinations of SF1 and SF3. Then, the effects of the most effective combination on the expression of adhesion molecules, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated. Finally, a mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Both SF1 and SF3 subfractions decreased the induction of IL-6 by Ang II, and C4 (SF1 and SF3, 10 μg/mL each) was the most effective combination to inhibit the production of IL-6. Additionally, C4 prevented the expression of adhesion molecules, reduced the production of ROS, and increased the bioavailability of NO. Glycine, arginine, asparagine, lysine, and aspartic acid were the main components of both subfractions. These results demonstrate that C4 has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62350, Mexico.
| | - Marisol Méndez-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62350, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Republica de Argentina 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Republica de Argentina 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico.
| | - Maria Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Republica de Argentina 1, Xochitepec, Morelos CP 62790, Mexico.
| | - Omar N Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - María Angélica Santana
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular (IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Aida Castillo
- Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias del Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV del IPN), Mexico City CP 07360, Mexico.
| | - Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City CP 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Rosas-Salgado
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Leñeros S/N, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62350, Mexico.
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Colín-Lozano B, Estrada-Soto S, Chávez-Silva F, Gutiérrez-Hernández A, Cerón-Romero L, Giacoman-Martínez A, Almanza-Pérez JC, Hernández-Núñez E, Wang Z, Xie X, Cappiello M, Balestri F, Mura U, Navarrete-Vazquez G. Design, Synthesis and in Combo Antidiabetic Bioevaluation of Multitarget Phenylpropanoic Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020340. [PMID: 29415496 PMCID: PMC6017591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have synthesized a small series of five 3-[4-arylmethoxy)phenyl]propanoic acids employing an easy and short synthetic pathway. The compounds were tested in vitro against a set of four protein targets identified as key elements in diabetes: G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), aldose reductase (AKR1B1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PPARγ) and solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4 (GLUT-4). Compound 1 displayed an EC50 value of 0.075 μM against GPR40 and was an AKR1B1 inhibitor, showing IC50 = 7.4 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 act as slightly AKR1B1 inhibitors, potent GPR40 agonists and showed an increase of 2 to 4-times in the mRNA expression of PPARγ, as well as the GLUT-4 levels. Docking studies were conducted in order to explain the polypharmacological mode of action and the interaction binding mode of the most active molecules on these targets, showing several coincidences with co-crystal ligands. Compounds 1–3 were tested in vivo at an explorative 100 mg/kg dose, being 2 and 3 orally actives, reducing glucose levels in a non-insulin-dependent diabetes mice model. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed robust in vitro potency and in vivo efficacy, and could be considered as promising multitarget antidiabetic candidates. This is the first report of a single molecule with these four polypharmacological target action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Colín-Lozano
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Fabiola Chávez-Silva
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | | | - Litzia Cerón-Romero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
| | - Julio Cesar Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico.
| | - Emanuel Hernández-Núñez
- Cátedra CONACyT, Departamento de Recursos del Mar, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Mérida, Yucatán 97310, Mexico.
| | - Zhilong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, (Z.W.).
| | - Xin Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, the National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, (Z.W.).
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Umberto Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vazquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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Vargas MH, Del-Razo-Rodríguez R, López-García A, Lezana-Fernández JL, Chávez J, Furuya MEY, Marín-Santana JC. Effect of oral glycine on the clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status in subjects with cystic fibrosis: a pilot randomized trial. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 29246256 PMCID: PMC5732413 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have airway inflammation that contributes to symptoms and to pulmonary function derangement. Current drugs used to diminish airway inflammation improve the clinical and spirometric status of patients with CF, but their use is limited due to their undesired side effects, for example, glucose intolerance, growth retardation, and cataracts with corticosteroids, gastrointestinal toxicity with ibuprofen, and macrolide resistance with azythromycin. Glycine is known to decrease activation of inflammatory cells, including alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, and is relatively inexpensive, palatable, and virtually devoid of untoward effects. These features make glycine a good candidate for antiinflammatory treatment of CF. Thus, we aimed to explore whether glycine can exert a beneficial effect in a population of patients with CF. Methods This was a randomized, double blinded, cross-over pilot clinical trial. Subjects with CF received, in random order, oral glycine (0.5 g/kg/day, dissolved in any liquid) and placebo (glass sugar), each during 8 weeks with an intermediate 2-week wash-out period. Results Thirteen subjects aged 6–23 years, 8 females, completed the two arms of the study. As compared with placebo, after glycine intake patients had better symptom questionnaire scores (p = 0.02), mainly regarding sputum features and dyspnea. While spirometric variables tended to decline during placebo intake, they remained stable or even increased during glycine treatment (p = 0.04 to p = 0.003). In this context, FEV1 declined 8.6% after placebo and increased 9.7% at the end of the glycine period. Pulse oximetry improved after glycine intake (p = 0.04 vs. placebo). TNF-α in serum and IL-6 and G-CSF in sputum tended to decline at the end of the glycine period (p = 0.061, p = 0.068 and p = 0.04, respectively, vs placebo). Glycine was remarkably well tolerated. Conclusions The clinical, spirometric and inflammatory status of subjects with CF improved after just 8 weeks of glycine intake, suggesting that this amino acid might constitute a novel therapeutic tool for these patients. Thus, further studies are warranted. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, registration number: NCT01417481, date of registration: March 12, 2012. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-017-0528-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. .,Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rosangela Del-Razo-Rodríguez
- Servicio Clínico de Neumopediatría, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amando López-García
- Departamento de Neumología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Pulmonar y Clínica de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Infantil de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Asociación Mexicana de Fibrosis Quística AC, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Chávez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, CP 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Y Furuya
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Naucalpan, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Marín-Santana
- Departamento de Neumología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yan-Do R, MacDonald PE. Impaired "Glycine"-mia in Type 2 Diabetes and Potential Mechanisms Contributing to Glucose Homeostasis. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1064-1073. [PMID: 28323968 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The onset and/or progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be prevented if intervention is early enough. As such, much effort has been placed on the search for indicators predictive of prediabetes and disease onset or progression. An increasing body of evidence suggests that changes in plasma glycine may be one such biomarker. Circulating glycine levels are consistently low in patients with T2D. Levels of this nonessential amino acid correlate negatively with obesity and insulin resistance. Plasma glycine correlates positively with glucose disposal, and rises with interventions such as exercise and bariatric surgery that improve glucose homeostasis. A role for glycine in the regulation of glucose, beyond being a potential biomarker, is less clear, however. Dietary glycine supplementation increases insulin, reduces systemic inflammation, and improves glucose tolerance. Emerging evidence suggests that glycine, a neurotransmitter, also acts directly on target tissues that include the endocrine pancreas and the brain via glycine receptors and as a coligand for N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptors to control insulin secretion and liver glucose output, respectively. Here, we review the current evidence supporting a role for glycine in glucose homeostasis via its central and peripheral actions and changes that occur in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yan-Do
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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Fernández-Cisnal R, García-Sevillano MA, Gómez-Ariza JL, Pueyo C, López-Barea J, Abril N. 2D-DIGE as a proteomic biomarker discovery tool in environmental studies with Procambarus clarkii. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:813-827. [PMID: 28159302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 2D-DIGE/MS approach was used to assess protein abundance differences in the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii from polluted aquatic ecosystems of Doñana National Park and surrounding areas with different pollution loads. Procambarus clarkii accumulated metals in the digestive glands and gills reflecting sediment concentrations. We first stated that, probably related to elements accumulation, pollution increased oxidative damage in P. clarkii tissues, as shown by the thiol oxidation status of proteins and MDA levels. In these animals, the altered redox status might be responsible for the deregulated abundance of proteins involved in cellular responses to oxidative stress including protein folding, mitochondrial imbalance and inflammatory processes. Interestingly, polluted P. clarkii crayfish also displayed a metabolic shift to enhanced aerobic glycolysis, most likely aimed at generating ATP and reduction equivalents in an oxidative stress situation that alters mitochondrial integrity. The deregulated proteins define the physiological processes affected by pollutants in DNP and its surrounding areas and may help us to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of environmental pollutants. In addition, these proteins might be used as exposure biomarkers in environmental risk assessment. The results obtained might be extrapolated to many other locations all over the world and have the added value of providing information about the molecular responses of this environmentally and economically interesting animal. SIGNIFICANCE Metal content in digestive gland and gills of P. clarkii crayfish reflects their contents in sediments at sites of Doñana National Park and its surroundings. Accumulation of essential and toxic transition metals is paralleled by clear signs of oxidative stress to lipids and proteins and by significant deregulation of many proteins involved in protein folding, mitochondrial respiratory imbalance and inflammatory response. These results indicate that P. clarkii is an excellent bioindicator to be used in aquatic ecosystems quality monitoring. Additionally, results evidence that the anthropogenic activities carried out around Doñana National Park represent an extremely serious threat to this unique Biosphere Reserve and pose a risk to the environment and their inhabitants health. The identified deregulated proteins provide information about the metabolic pathways and/or physiological processes affected by pollutant-elicited oxidative stress, may also be useful as biomarkers of environmental pollution and have the added value of providing information about the molecular responses of this environmentally and economically interesting animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Fernández-Cisnal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Miguel A García-Sevillano
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, El Carmen Campus, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - José L Gómez-Ariza
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Experimental Science and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Huelva, El Carmen Campus, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carmen Pueyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan López-Barea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Severo Ochoa Building, Rabanales Campus, 14071 Córdoba, Spain..
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Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Estrada-Soto S, Giles-Rivas D, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, León-Rivera I, Giacoman-Martínez A, Miranda Pérez E, Almanza-Pérez JC. Discovery of new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonists with robust antidiabetic activity: Design, synthesis and in combo drug evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:53-61. [PMID: 28342366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The design of compounds 1 and 2 was based on the similar scaffold of pharmacophoric groups for PPARγ and GPR40 agonists. In order to find new compounds with improved biological activity, the current manuscript describes a new dual PPARγ-GPR40 agonist. We synthesized two compounds, which were prepared following a multistep synthetic route, and the relative mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, GLUT4, and GPR40 were quantified in cell culture, as well as insulin secretion and [Ca2+] intracellular levels. Compound 1 showed a 7-times increase in the mRNA expression of PPARγ, which in turn enhanced the expression levels of GLUT4 respect to control and pioglitazone. It also showed an increase of 2-fold in the [Ca2+]i level allowing an increment on insulin release, being as active as the positive control (glibenclamide), causing also an increase of 2-fold in mRNA expression of GPR40. Furthermore, the compound 2 showed lower activity than the compound 1. The ester of 1 showed antidiabetic activity at a 50mg/kg single dose in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic mice model. In addition, we achieved a molecular docking study of compound 1 on PPARγ and GPR40 receptors, showing a great affinity for both targets. We observed important polar interactions between the carboxylic group and main residues into the binding pocket. Therefore, the compound 1 has a potential for the development of antidiabetic agents with newfangled dual action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Giles-Rivas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco J Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Ismael León-Rivera
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mor. 62209, Mexico
| | - Abraham Giacoman-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Miranda Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio C Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S., Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana- Iztapalapa, Apdo.-Postal 55-535, CP 09340, México, D.F., Mexico.
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Jessica GG, Mario GL, Alejandro Z, Cesar APJ, Ivan JVE, Ruben RR, Javier AAF. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYPOGLYCEMIC EXTRACT FROM CUCURBITA FICIFOLIA BOUCHE THAT INDUCES LIVER GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION IN DIABETIC MICE. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:218-230. [PMID: 28480434 PMCID: PMC5412228 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: The aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit has demonstrated hypoglycemic effect, which may be attributed to some components in the extract. However, the major secondary metabolites in this fruit have not yet been identified and little is known about its extra-pancreatic action, in particular, on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, in addition to the isolation and structural elucidation of the principal components in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia, the aim of this study was to determine whether or not the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia) fruit is due to accumulation of liver glycogen in diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: The aqueous extract from fruit of C. ficifolia was fractionated and its main secondary metabolites were purified and chemically characterized (NMR and GC-MS). Alloxan-induced diabetic mice received daily by gavage the aqueous extract (30 days). The liver glycogen content was quantified by spectroscopic method and by PAS stain; ALT and AST by spectrometric method; glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase and GLUT2 by Western blot; the mRNA expression of GLUT2 and glucagon-receptor by RT-PCR; while serum insulin was quantified by ELISA method. A liver histological analysis was also performed by H&E stain. Results: Chemical fingerprint showed five majoritarian compounds in the aqueous extract of C. ficifolia: p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicin, stigmast-7,2,2-dien-3-ol and stigmast-7-en-3-ol. The histological analysis showed accumulation of liver glycogen. Also, increased glycogen synthase and decreased glycogen phosphorylase were observed. Interestingly, the histological architecture evidenced a liver-protective effect due the extract. Conclusion: Five compounds were identified in C. ficifolia aqueous extract. The hypoglycemic effect of this extract may be partially explained by liver glycogen accumulation. The bioactive compound responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of this extract will be elucidated in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garcia Gonzalez Jessica
- Postgrad in Experimental Biology, Division of Health and Biological Sciences (DCBS), Metropolitan Autonomous University Campus Iztapalapa (UAMI), D.F. Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Garcia Lorenzana Mario
- Neurobiology Tissue Laboratory, Department of Reproduction Biology, DCBS, UAMI D.F. Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Zamilpa Alejandro
- Biomedical Research Center South (CIBIS), Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) Xochitepec, Morelos 62790, Mexico
| | | | - Jasso Villagomez E Ivan
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, DCBS, UAMI, D.F. Mexico 09340, Mexico
| | - Roman Ramos Ruben
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, DCBS, UAMI, D.F. Mexico 09340, Mexico
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Kim H, Kalchman I, Santiago-Jiménez M, Lehrer J, Guo J, Hermann G, Yamoah K, Alshalalfa M, Huang HC, Ross AE, Schaeffer EM, Davicioni E, Erho N, Yousefi K, Den RB. Transcriptome evaluation of the relation between body mass index and prostate cancer outcomes. Cancer 2017; 123:2240-2247. [PMID: 28140459 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large epidemiological studies indicate that an increased body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. Data indicate that there is no association between elevated metabolic pathway proteins and PCa mortality. There are no published studies evaluating the relation between BMI and metabolic pathways with respect to PCa outcomes with a genomics approach. METHODS The Decipher Genomic Resource Information Database was queried for patients who had undergone prostatectomy and had BMI information available. These patients came from Thomas Jefferson University (TJU) and Johns Hopkins Medical Institution (JHMI); the latter provided 2 cohorts (I and II). A high-BMI group (≥30 kg/m2 ) and a low-BMI group (<25 kg/m2 ) were identified, and genomic data were interrogated for differentially expressed genes with an interquartile range filter and a Wilcoxon test. P values were adjusted for multiple testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg false-discovery rate method. RESULTS A total of 477 patients with a median follow-up of 108 months had BMI information available. Two genes were found to interact with BMI in both the JHMI I cohort and the TJU cohort, but there was no statistical significance after adjustments for multiple comparisons. Aberrant metabolic gene expression was significantly correlated with distant metastases (P < .05). No relation was found between BMI and metastases or overall survival (both P values > .05). CONCLUSIONS In a genomic analysis of prostatectomy specimens, metabolic gene expression, but not BMI, was associated with PCa metastases. Cancer 2017;123:2240-2247. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ingrid Kalchman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Jenny Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gretchen Hermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Ashley E Ross
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas Erho
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kasra Yousefi
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert B Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ueland PM, McCann A, Midttun Ø, Ulvik A. Inflammation, vitamin B6 and related pathways. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 53:10-27. [PMID: 27593095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), serves as a co-factor in more than 150 enzymatic reactions. Plasma PLP has consistently been shown to be low in inflammatory conditions; there is a parallel reduction in liver PLP, but minor changes in erythrocyte and muscle PLP and in functional vitamin B6 biomarkers. Plasma PLP also predicts the risk of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and some cancers, and is inversely associated with numerous inflammatory markers in clinical and population-based studies. Vitamin B6 intake and supplementation improve some immune functions in vitamin B6-deficient humans and experimental animals. A possible mechanism involved is mobilization of vitamin B6 to the sites of inflammation where it may serve as a co-factor in pathways producing metabolites with immunomodulating effects. Relevant vitamin B6-dependent inflammatory pathways include vitamin B6 catabolism, the kynurenine pathway, sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism, the transsulfuration pathway, and serine and glycine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magne Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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Humer E, Khol-Parisini A, Metzler-Zebeli BU, Gruber L, Zebeli Q. Alterations of the Lipid Metabolome in Dairy Cows Experiencing Excessive Lipolysis Early Postpartum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158633. [PMID: 27383746 PMCID: PMC4934687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in insulin sensitivity enhances adipose tissue lipolysis helping early lactation cows counteracting their energy deficit. However, excessive lipolysis poses serious health risks for cows, and its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. The present study used targeted ESI-LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics and indirect insulin sensitivity measurements to evaluate metabolic alterations in the serum of dairy cows of various parities experiencing variable lipolysis early postpartum. Thirty (12 primiparous and 18 multiparous) cows of Holstein Friesian and Simmental breeds, fed the same diet and kept under the same management conditions, were sampled at d 21 postpartum and classified as low (n = 10), medium (n = 8), and high (n = 12) lipolysis groups, based on serum concentration of nonesterified fatty acids. Overall, excessive lipolysis in the high group came along with impaired estimated insulin sensitivity and characteristic shifts in acylcarnitine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and lysophospholipid metabolome profiles compared to the low group. From the detected phosphatidylcholines mainly those with diacyl-residues showed differences among lipolysis groups. Furthermore, more than half of the detected sphingomyelins were increased in cows experiencing high lipomobilization. Additionally, strong differences in serum acylcarnitines were noticed among lipolysis groups. The study suggests an altered serum phospholipidome in dairy cows associated with an increase in certain long-chain sphingomyelins and the progression of disturbed insulin function. In conclusion, the present study revealed 37 key metabolites as part of alterations in the synthesis or breakdown of sphingolipids and phospholipids associated with lowered estimated insulin sensitivity and excessive lipolysis in early-lactating cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Humer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annabella Khol-Parisini
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara U. Metzler-Zebeli
- University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Gruber
- Institute of Livestock Research, Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Irdning, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Kraus WE, Pieper CF, Huffman KM, Thompson DK, Kraus VB, Morey MC, Cohen HJ, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Bain JR, Stevens RD, Newgard CB. Association of Plasma Small-Molecule Intermediate Metabolites With Age and Body Mass Index Across Six Diverse Study Populations. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1507-1513. [PMID: 26984390 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older age and obesity are associated with metabolic dysregulation; the mechanism by which these factors impact metabolism across the lifespan is important, but relatively unknown. We evaluated a panel of amino acids (AAs) and acylcarnitines (ACs) to identify effects of age and adiposity (body mass index) on circulating small-molecule metabolites in a meta-analysis of six diverse study populations. METHODS Targeted metabolic profiling was performed in six independent studies, representing 739 subjects with a broad range of age, body mass index, health states, and ethnic origin. Principal components analysis was performed on log-normalized values for AAs and ACs separately, generating one AC factor and two AA factors for each study. A common AC factor consisted primarily of acetylcarnitine, medium-chain AC, and several long-chain AC. AA Factor 1 consisted primarily of large neutral AAs. Glycine was its own factor. RESULTS Metabolic profiling and factor analysis identified clusters of related metabolites of lipid and AA metabolism that were consistently associated with age and body mass in a series of studies with a broad range of age, body mass index, and health status. An inverse association of glycine with body mass index and male gender supports its role as a marker of favorable metabolic health. CONCLUSIONS An important focus of future investigations should be to determine whether these clusters of metabolic intermediates are possible early predictors of health outcomes associated with body mass; are involved with accelerated aging; are involved in the causative pathway of aging; and how modification of these metabolic pathways impact the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, .,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kim M Huffman
- Department of Medicine.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Durham VA Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Dana K Thompson
- Department of Medicine.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Department of Medicine.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and
| | - Miriam C Morey
- Department of Medicine.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Durham VA Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Harvey J Cohen
- Department of Medicine.,Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Durham VA Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - James R Bain
- Department of Medicine.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and
| | | | - Christopher B Newgard
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center/Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, and
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Ding Y, Svingen GFT, Pedersen ER, Gregory JF, Ueland PM, Tell GS, Nygård OK. Plasma Glycine and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Suspected Stable Angina Pectoris. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 5:JAHA.115.002621. [PMID: 26722126 PMCID: PMC4859380 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Glycine is an amino acid involved in antioxidative reactions, purine synthesis, and collagen formation. Several studies demonstrate inverse associations of glycine with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Recently, glycine‐dependent reactions have also been linked to lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport. However, little evidence is available on the association between glycine and coronary heart disease. Therefore, we assessed the association between plasma glycine and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods and Results A total of 4109 participants undergoing coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris were studied. Cox regression was used to estimate the association between plasma glycine and AMI, obtained via linkage to the CVDNOR project. During a median follow‐up of 7.4 years, 616 patients (15.0%) experienced an AMI. Plasma glycine was higher in women than in men and was associated with a more favorable baseline lipid profile and lower prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (all P<0.001). After multivariate adjustment for traditional coronary heart disease risk factors, plasma glycine was inversely associated with risk of AMI (hazard ratio per SD: 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82–0.98; P=0.017). The inverse association was generally stronger in those with apolipoprotein B, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoprotein A‐1 above the median (all Pinteraction≤0.037). Conclusions Plasma glycine was inversely associated with risk of AMI in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. The associations were stronger in patients with apolipoprotein B, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or apolipoprotein A‐1 levels above the median. These results motivate further studies to elucidate the relationship between glycine and lipid metabolism, in particular in relation to cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00354081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Ding
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Y.D., G.T.S., E.R.P., P.M.U., O.K.N.)
| | - Gard F T Svingen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Y.D., G.T.S., E.R.P., P.M.U., O.K.N.)
| | - Eva R Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Y.D., G.T.S., E.R.P., P.M.U., O.K.N.)
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (J.F.G.)
| | - Per M Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Y.D., G.T.S., E.R.P., P.M.U., O.K.N.) Bevital AS, Bergen, Norway (P.M.U.)
| | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway (G.S.T.) Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway (G.S.T.)
| | - Ottar K Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway (Y.D., G.T.S., E.R.P., P.M.U., O.K.N.) Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (O.K.N.) KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (O.K.N.)
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40
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Taurine supplementation regulates Iκ-Bα protein expression in adipose tissue and serum IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations in MSG obesity. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:705-713. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Scallop protein with endogenous high taurine and glycine content prevents high-fat, high-sucrose-induced obesity and improves plasma lipid profile in male C57BL/6J mice. Amino Acids 2015; 46:1659-71. [PMID: 24658997 PMCID: PMC4055845 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High-protein diets induce alterations in metabolism that may prevent diet-induced obesity. However, little is known as to whether different protein sources consumed at normal levels may affect diet-induced obesity and associated co-morbidities. We fed obesity-prone male C57BL/6J mice high-fat, high-sucrose diets with protein sources of increasing endogenous taurine content, i.e., chicken, cod, crab and scallop, for 6 weeks. The energy intake was lower in crab and scallop-fed mice than in chicken and cod-fed mice, but only scallop-fed mice gained less body and fat mass. Liver mass was reduced in scallop-fed mice, but otherwise no changes in lean body mass were observed between the groups. Feed efficiency and apparent nitrogen digestibility were reduced in scallop-fed mice suggesting alterations in energy utilization and metabolism. Overnight fasted plasma triacylglyceride, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and hydroxy-butyrate levels were significantly reduced, indicating reduced lipid mobilization in scallop-fed mice. The plasma HDL-to-total-cholesterol ratio was higher, suggesting increased reverse cholesterol transport or cholesterol clearance in scallop-fed mice in both fasted and non-fasted states. Dietary intake of taurine and glycine correlated negatively with body mass gain and total fat mass, while intake of all other amino acids correlated positively. Furthermore taurine and glycine intake correlated positively with improved plasma lipid profile, i.e., lower levels of plasma lipids and higher HDL-to-total-cholesterol ratio. In conclusion, dietary scallop protein completely prevents high-fat, high-sucrose-induced obesity whilst maintaining lean body mass and improving the plasma lipid profile in male C57BL/6J mice.
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Biochemical alterations during the obese-aging process in female and male monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated mice. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11473-94. [PMID: 24979131 PMCID: PMC4139794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150711473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, from children to the elderly, has increased in the world at an alarming rate over the past three decades, implying long-term detrimental consequences for individual’s health. Obesity and aging are known to be risk factors for metabolic disorder development, insulin resistance and inflammation, but their relationship is not fully understood. Prevention and appropriate therapies for metabolic disorders and physical disabilities in older adults have become a major public health challenge. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate inflammation markers, biochemical parameters and glucose homeostasis during the obese-aging process, to understand the relationship between obesity and health span during the lifetime. In order to do this, the monosodium glutamate (MSG) obesity mice model was used, and data were evaluated at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 months in both female and male mice. Our results showed that obesity was a major factor contributing to premature alterations in MSG-treated mice metabolism; however, at older ages, obesity effects were attenuated and MSG-mice became more similar to normal mice. At a younger age (four months old), the Lee index, triglycerides, total cholesterol, TNF-α and transaminases levels increased; while adiponectin decreased and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity levels were remarkably altered. However, from 16 months old-on, the Lee index and TNF-α levels diminished significantly, while adiponectin increased, and glucose and insulin homeostasis was recovered. In summary, MSG-treated obese mice showed metabolic changes and differential susceptibility by gender throughout life and during the aging process. Understanding metabolic differences between genders during the lifespan will allow the discovery of specific preventive treatment strategies for chronic diseases and functional decline.
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Imhasly S, Naegeli H, Baumann S, von Bergen M, Luch A, Jungnickel H, Potratz S, Gerspach C. Metabolomic biomarkers correlating with hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:122. [PMID: 24888604 PMCID: PMC4048253 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-10-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver disease is a major metabolic disorder of high-producing dairy cows that compromises animal performance and, hence, causes heavy economic losses worldwide. This syndrome, occurring during the critical transition from gestation to early lactation, leads to an impaired health status, decreased milk yield, reduced fertility and shortened lifetime. Because the prevailing clinical chemistry parameters indicate advanced liver damage independently of the underlying disease, currently, hepatic lipidosis can only be ascertained by liver biopsy. We hypothesized that the condition of fatty liver disease may be accompanied by an altered profile of endogenous metabolites in the blood of affected animals. Results To identify potential small-molecule biomarkers as a novel diagnostic alternative, the serum samples of diseased dairy cows were subjected to a targeted metabolomics screen by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. A subsequent multivariate test involving principal component and linear discriminant analyses yielded 29 metabolites (amino acids, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelines) that, in conjunction, were able to distinguish between dairy cows with no hepatic lipidosis and those displaying different stages of the disorder. Conclusions This proof-of-concept study indicates that metabolomic profiles, including both amino acids and lipids, distinguish hepatic lipidosis from other peripartal disorders and, hence, provide a promising new tool for the diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis. By generating insights into the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic lipidosis, metabolomics studies may also facilitate the prevention of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanspeter Naegeli
- University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zürich CH-8057, Switzerland.
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Xin J, Zeng D, Wang H, Ni X, Yi D, Pan K, Jing B. Preventing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 by attenuating inflammation and mitochondrial injury and improving gut environment in obese mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6817-29. [PMID: 24811405 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide is associated with a parallel increase in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To investigate the effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 on NAFLD, 120 male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups and administrated with BS15 (2 × 10(7) cfu/0.2 mL or 2 × 10(8) cfu/0.2 mL) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) throughout a 17-week experimental period. The mice were fed with normal chow diet (NCD) 5 weeks before the experimental period. Afterward, with the exception of the PBS group, NCD was changed into high-fat diet (HFD) for the remaining experimental period. Results showed that BS15-treated HFD mice were protected from hepatic steatosis and hepatocyte apoptosis. BS15 exhibited a positive effect on liver lipid peroxidation through an anti-oxidative stress activity by enhancing the liver antioxidant defense system. In addition, BS15 inhibited the insulin resistance; decreased the mRNA levels of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, fatty acid synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; and increased the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor in livers. Meanwhile, BS15 attenuated mitochondria abnormalities when the content of uncoupling protein-2 decreased and cytochrome c increased in NAFLD mice. BS15 also reduced the level of serum lipopolysaccharide in NAFLD mice by lowering the intestinal permeability and adjusting gut flora, followed by the downregulation of the TNFα mRNA level in liver and the serum level of C-reactive protein. These findings suggest that BS15 may be effective in preventing NAFLD induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
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Thalacker-Mercer AE, Ingram KH, Guo F, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Garvey WT. BMI, RQ, diabetes, and sex affect the relationships between amino acids and clamp measures of insulin action in humans. Diabetes 2014; 63:791-800. [PMID: 24130332 PMCID: PMC3900549 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have used indirect measures of insulin sensitivity to link circulating amino acids with insulin resistance and identify potential biomarkers of diabetes risk. Using direct measures (i.e., hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), we examined the relationships between the metabolomic amino acid profile and insulin action (i.e., glucose disposal rate [GDR]). Relationships between GDR and serum amino acids were determined among insulin-sensitive, insulin-resistant, and type 2 diabetic (T2DM) individuals. In all subjects, glycine (Gly) had the strongest correlation with GDR (positive association), followed by leucine/isoleucine (Leu/Ile) (negative association). These relationships were dramatically influenced by BMI, the resting respiratory quotient (RQ), T2DM, and sex. Gly had a strong positive correlation with GDR regardless of BMI, RQ, or sex but became nonsignificant in T2DM. In contrast, Leu/Ile was negatively associated with GDR in nonobese and T2DM subjects. Increased resting fat metabolism (i.e., low RQ) and obesity were observed to independently promote and negate the association between Leu/Ile and insulin resistance, respectively. Additionally, the relationship between Leu/Ile and GDR was magnified in T2DM males. Future studies are needed to determine whether Gly has a mechanistic role in glucose homeostasis and whether dietary Gly enrichment may be an effective intervention in diseases characterized by insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Thalacker-Mercer
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Katherine H. Ingram
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA
| | - Fangjian Guo
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - W. Timothy Garvey
- Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- Corresponding author: W. Timothy Garvey,
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46
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Effects of grape seed procyanidin extract over low-grade chronic inflammation of obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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DelCurto H, Wu G, Satterfield MC. Nutrition and reproduction: links to epigenetics and metabolic syndrome in offspring. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16:385-91. [PMID: 23703295 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e328361f96d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inappropriate exposure of gametes and/or products of conception to nutritional imbalance alters critical metabolic set points in the offspring and increases propensity to disease. This review will focus on recent findings highlighting clear links to epigenetic modifications in response to dietary manipulations as well as nutritional strategies with the potential to mitigate the effects of an otherwise poor nutritional environment. RECENT FINDINGS Maternal nutritional imbalance, either through global nutritional manipulation or deficiencies in select nutrients, predisposes the offspring to metabolic disease. Disease susceptibility is linked to global and/or specific modifications of the epigenome at key metabolic regulatory genes. Paternal nutritional imbalance also increases the likelihood of metabolic disease in offspring through similar epigenetic mechanisms. Finally, dietary intervention with select nutrients has been shown to ameliorate postnatal disease phenotypes in offspring, although the exact molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. SUMMARY Select nutrients, such as amino acids and vitamins, not only serve as building blocks for growth but also mediate a myriad of physiological functions, including providing substrates for DNA synthesis. These nutrients hold great promise as intervention strategies to combat a suboptimal developmental environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah DelCurto
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843–2471, USA
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48
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Hidalgo-Figueroa S, Ramírez-Espinosa JJ, Estrada-Soto S, Almanza-Pérez JC, Román-Ramos R, Alarcón-Aguilar FJ, Hernández-Rosado JV, Moreno-Díaz H, Díaz-Coutiño D, Navarrete-Vázquez G. Discovery of Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione/Biphenylcarbonitrile Hybrid as Dual PPAR α/γ Modulator with Antidiabetic Effect:In vitro, In SilicoandIn VivoApproaches. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:474-83. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001; Chamilpa; Cuernavaca Mor.; 62209; México
| | - Juan J. Ramírez-Espinosa
- Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001; Chamilpa; Cuernavaca Mor.; 62209; México
| | - Samuel Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001; Chamilpa; Cuernavaca Mor.; 62209; México
| | - Julio C. Almanza-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S.; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Apdo.-Postal 55-535; CP 09340; México; D.F.; México
| | - Rubén Román-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S.; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Apdo.-Postal 55-535; CP 09340; México; D.F.; México
| | - Francisco J. Alarcón-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Depto. Ciencias de la Salud, D.C.B.S.; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Apdo.-Postal 55-535; CP 09340; México; D.F.; México
| | - Jesús V. Hernández-Rosado
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, D.C.B.S.; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa; Apdo.-Postal 55-535; CP 09340; México; D.F.; México
| | - Hermenegilda Moreno-Díaz
- Universidad del Papaloapan, Campus Tuxtepec; Circuito Central 200, Col. Parque Industrial; 68301; Tuxtepec; Oaxaca; México
| | - Daniel Díaz-Coutiño
- Universidad del Papaloapan, Campus Tuxtepec; Circuito Central 200, Col. Parque Industrial; 68301; Tuxtepec; Oaxaca; México
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001; Chamilpa; Cuernavaca Mor.; 62209; México
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