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Kuşi M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Basic approach on the protective effects of hesperidin and naringin in Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39225173 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2397136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment. This situation imposes a great burden on individuals, both economically and socially. Today, an effective method for treating the disease and protective approach to tau accumulation has not been developed yet. Studies have been conducted on the effects of hesperidin and naringin flavonoids found in citrus fruits on many diseases. METHODS In this review, the pathophysiology of AD is defined, and the effects of hesperidin and naringin on these factors are summarized. RESULTS Studies have shown that both components may potentially affect AD due to their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these effects of the components, it has been shown that they may have ameliorative effects on Aβ, α-synuclein aggregation, tau pathology, and cognitive functions in the pathophysiology of AD. DISCUSSION There are studies suggesting that hesperidin and naringin may be effective in the prevention/treatment of AD. When these studies are examined, it is seen that more studies should be conducted on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müjgan Kuşi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Center for Science, Technology and Engineering (BILTEM), Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Flieger J, Forma A, Flieger W, Flieger M, Gawlik PJ, Dzierżyński E, Maciejewski R, Teresiński G, Baj J. Carotenoid Supplementation for Alleviating the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8982. [PMID: 39201668 PMCID: PMC11354426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by, among other things, dementia and a decline in cognitive performance. In AD, dementia has neurodegenerative features and starts with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Research indicates that apoptosis and neuronal loss occur in AD, in which oxidative stress plays an important role. Therefore, reducing oxidative stress with antioxidants is a natural strategy to prevent and slow down the progression of AD. Carotenoids are natural pigments commonly found in fruits and vegetables. They include lipophilic carotenes, such as lycopene, α- and β-carotenes, and more polar xanthophylls, for example, lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. Carotenoids can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and scavenge free radicals, especially singlet oxygen, which helps prevent the peroxidation of lipids abundant in the brain. As a result, carotenoids have neuroprotective potential. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as randomized controlled trials, have mostly confirmed that carotenoids can help prevent neurodegeneration and alleviate cognitive impairment in AD. While carotenoids have not been officially approved as an AD therapy, they are indicated in the diet recommended for AD, including the consumption of products rich in carotenoids. This review summarizes the latest research findings supporting the potential use of carotenoids in preventing and alleviating AD symptoms. A literature review suggests that a diet rich in carotenoids should be promoted to avoid cognitive decline in AD. One of the goals of the food industry should be to encourage the enrichment of food products with functional substances, such as carotenoids, which may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Alicja Forma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Wojciech Flieger
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Michał Flieger
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Piotr J. Gawlik
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Eliasz Dzierżyński
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John’s Cancer Center, ul. Jaczewskiego 7, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (W.F.)
| | - Ryszard Maciejewski
- Institute of Health Sciences, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Teresiński
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.F.); (M.F.); (G.T.)
| | - Jacek Baj
- Department of Correct, Clinical and Imaging Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
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Lee KH, Kim SH, Park S, Jang HJ, Kim MJ, Yang HJ, Hur HJ, Kim JH, Kim MS. Functional Impact of the FADS1 rs174546 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on Serum Lipid Levels: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives in Korean Population. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2400201. [PMID: 38961528 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202400201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene is suggested as risk factor of metabolic diseases in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This study hypothesized that FADS1_rs174546T associates with serum triglycerides (TG) in Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). In addition, functional study of SNP genotypes in cultured cells is performed. METHODS AND RESULTS FADS1_rs174546T is associated with high level of serum TG (effect size of variant: 6.48 ± 1.84 mg dL-1) in Korean individuals (normotriglyceridemia, n = 5128; hypertriglyceridemia, n = 3714). Functional study in cells with FADS1_rs174546T, shows reduced transcriptional activity, when compared with rs174546C. MiR-6728-3p, which is predicted to bind with rs174546T, decreases transcriptional activity of rs174546T but not in rs174546C, and it is reversed by miR-6728-3p inhibitor. Formononetin is selected as binding molecule to 3'-UTR of FADS1 and increases luciferase activity in both rs174546 (C/T). Moreover, formononetin compensates for the reduced luciferase activity by rs174546T and miR-6728-3p. Formononetin also increases endogenous FADS1 expression and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) ratio. CONCLUSION FADS1_rs174546T is a crucial risk factor for hypertriglyceridemia in the Koreans potentially through the interaction with miR-6728-3p. Formononetin can be a potent dietary intervention to prevent and improve hypertriglyceridemia in both rs174546 (C/T) populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyun-Hee Lee
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Asan-Si, 31499, Chungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Yang
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research Division of Food and Function, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Guedri MM, Krir N, Terol CC, Romdhane M, Boulila A, Guetat A. Phytochemical Analysis, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition, Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activities of Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae Juss.). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301941. [PMID: 38224199 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Mediterranean saltbush Atriplex halimus L. (Amaranthaceae) from different bioclimatic arid zones (ten wild populations) were studied. Phenols contents, flavonoids, flavonols, tannins and anthocyanins were determined and then tested for their antioxidants, antidiabetic and anti-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Levels of total polyphenols including flavonoids and flavonols, tannins and anthocyanins were high and varied significantly among analyzed populations. Nine phenolic acids and four flavonoids were identified for the first time in the methanolic fraction and quantified by liquid high-performance chromatography system HPLC (DAD). All extracts showed a substantial antioxidant activity, as assessed by DPPH assay (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical) (IC50DPPH=147.3for population of Seliena), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP; IC50FRAP=3.2 for populations of Sousse and Kairouan), and Chelation Fer test (IC50FerCh=1.5 μg/mL for populations of El-hamma and Mednine). Atriplex halimus possessed a high inhibitory effect against α-amylase activity (up to 2.6 mg ACE/gE), a moderate activity for α-glucosidase (up to 91.0 mg ACE/gE) and AChE (up to 147.2 μg/mL) compared to standard. The analyzed populations were isolated and subdivided into three distinct groups, without any bioclimatic structuration. Enzymatic activities seem to be associated with the presence, in plant extracts, of other classes of compounds then phenols such as terpenes, sterols, saponins, coumarins and carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounira Mkaddem Guedri
- Laboratory of Energy, Water, Environment and Process, LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
- Omar elkhattab city-, ZRIG-6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Krir
- Laboratory of Energy, Water, Environment and Process, LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
- Omar elkhattab city-, ZRIG-6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Carolina Clausell Terol
- Départamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Mehrez Romdhane
- Laboratory of Energy, Water, Environment and Process, LR18ES35), National Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Zrig Eddakhlania, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
- Omar elkhattab city-, ZRIG-6029, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Abdennacer Boulila
- Laboratory of Natural Substances LR10INRAP02, National Institute of Research and Physico-Chemical Analyses, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Arbi Guetat
- Northern Border University, College of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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Balakrishnan R, Jannat K, Choi DK. Development of dietary small molecules as multi-targeting treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103105. [PMID: 38471283 PMCID: PMC10945280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction can occur both in normal aging and age-related neurological disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). These disorders have few treatment options due to side effects and limited efficacy. New approaches to slow cognitive decline are urgently needed. Dietary interventions (nutraceuticals) have received considerable attention because they exhibit strong neuroprotective properties and may help prevent or minimize AD symptoms. Biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms, including oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and autophagy, which function through various signaling pathways. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that dietary small molecules derived from natural sources, including flavonoids, carotenoids, and polyphenolic acids, can modulate oxidative damage, cognitive impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, autophagy dysregulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This paper reviews research on different dietary small molecules and their bioactive constituents in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the chemical structure, effective dose, and specific molecular mechanisms of action are comprehensively explored. This paper also discusses the advantages of using nanotechnology-based drug delivery, which significantly enhances oral bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic effect, and lowers the risk of adverse effects. These agents have considerable potential as novel and safe therapeutic agents that can prevent and combat age-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengasamy Balakrishnan
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Khoshnur Jannat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Research Institute of Inflammatory Disease (RID), Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, South Korea.
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6
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Fanelli Kuczmarski M, Crawford SB, Sebastian RS, Beydoun MA, Goldman JD, Moshfegh AJ, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Association between Flavonoid Intake and Cognitive Executive Function among African American and White Adults in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1360. [PMID: 38732605 PMCID: PMC11085386 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy dietary patterns rich in flavonoids may benefit cognitive performance over time. Among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, the association between flavonoid intake and measures of cognition is unclear. This study sought to identify associations between flavonoid intake and cognitive performance among Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study participants (n = 1947) across three study visits. Flavonoid intakes were assessed via two 24-h dietary recalls. Cognitive performance was assessed via the Trail Making Test (TMT)-A and TMT-B, which provide measures of attention and executive function, respectively. Mixed effects linear regression was used to model TMT scores over three study visits against visit 1 (v1) flavonoid intake, time (years from v1), and the interaction between v1 flavonoid intake and time, capturing both the cross-sectional association between flavonoid intake and time at v1 as well as the longitudinal association between v1 flavonoid intake and the change in TMT scores over time. Prior to adjustment, inverse cross-sectional associations at v1 were observed between (1) anthocyanidin intake and TMT-A scores for the overall sample and (2) total flavonoid, anthocyanidin, flavan-3-ol, flavone, and flavonol intake and TMT-B scores for the overall sample and among White adults. Only the association between anthocyanidin intake and TMT-B at v1 among White adults persisted after adjustment (for demographic characteristics such as age). One possible explanation for the few significant associations is universally low flavonoid intakes resulting from the consumption of an unhealthy dietary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.A.B.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Sara B. Crawford
- Food Surveys Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (S.B.C.); (R.S.S.); (J.D.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Rhonda S. Sebastian
- Food Surveys Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (S.B.C.); (R.S.S.); (J.D.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - May A. Beydoun
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.A.B.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Joseph D. Goldman
- Food Surveys Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (S.B.C.); (R.S.S.); (J.D.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alanna J. Moshfegh
- Food Surveys Research Group, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; (S.B.C.); (R.S.S.); (J.D.G.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Michele K. Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.A.B.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
| | - Alan B. Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.A.B.); (M.K.E.); (A.B.Z.)
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Pukhrambam PD, Devi KK, Maibam C, Mutum RD, Devi ML, Das S. Phenolics and flavonoids from Polygonum posumbu and comparision of flavonoid compounds content in different tissues (leaves, stems and roots). Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105864. [PMID: 38408515 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The growing global need for antioxidative phenolics and flavonoids for maintenance of human health resulted into search of new sustainable unexplored medicinal plants used by the traditional healers for various ailments. Many synthetic based products of phenolics and flavonoids have been used, however the demand of eco-friendly, natural herbal based products are increasing. As a result, the current study aims to explore traditional potential of Polygonum posumbu related to its phenolics and flavonoids. Optimization of extraction parameters were employed which includes: solvent selection (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate), ethanol composition (40-100%), solvent to sample ratio (30-70 ml/g), temperature (50-80 °C) and time (1-5 h). Under optimal conditions, total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), the extract yield (EY) and antioxidant activities of leaves extract were 162.79 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g, 56.57 ± 6.22 mg QE/g 27.96 ± 0.91%, and 27.34 ± 0.98 μg/ml respectively. Seven flavonoids were quantified in different tissues with significant (p ≤ 0.05) differences found in flavonoids contents in different parts of the plant. Highest concentration of flavonoids was observed in stems: (-)-epicatechin-53.19 ± 1.13 mg/g, myricetin-15.90 ± 0.13 mg/g, quercetin-50.66 ± 0.08 mg/g, luteolin-43.10 ± 0.47 mg/g, apigenin-16.73 ± 0.43 mg/g. Leaves and roots had the highest amount of genistein (05.06 ± 0.01 mg/g) and kaempferol (11.13 ± 0.06 mg/g) respectively. From the study it had been found that Polygonum posumbu possess a very good amount of phenolics and flavonoids and this study details first ever investigation on this plant in terms of phenolics and flavonoids. Therefore, this study enhanced the importance of this bioresource in functional food or nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premi Devi Pukhrambam
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India; Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Khomdram Khedashwori Devi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Chingoileima Maibam
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Roseeta Devi Mutum
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Moirangthem Lakshmipriyari Devi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
| | - Sudripta Das
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal 795001, Manipur, India
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Yin S, Niu L, Zhang J, Liu Y. Gardenia yellow pigment: Extraction methods, biological activities, current trends, and future prospects. Food Res Int 2024; 179:113981. [PMID: 38342530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Food coloring plays a vital role in influencing consumers' food choices, imparting vibrant and appealing colors to various food and beverage products. Synthetic food colorants have been the most commonly used coloring agents in the food industry. However, concerns about potential health issues related to synthetic colorants, coupled with increasing consumer demands for food safety and health, have led food manufacturers to explore natural alternatives. Natural pigments not only offer a wide range of colors to food products but also exhibit beneficial bioactive properties. Gardenia yellow pigment is a water-soluble natural pigment with various biological activities, widely present in gardenia fruits. Therefore, this paper aims to delve into Gardenia Yellow Pigment, highlighting its significance as a food colorant. Firstly, a thorough understanding and exploration of various methods for obtaining gardenia yellow pigment. Subsequently, the potential functionality of gardenia yellow pigment was elaborated, especially its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Finally, the widespread application trend of gardenia yellow pigment in the food industry was explored, as well as the challenges faced by the future development of gardenia yellow pigment in the field of food and health. Some feasible solutions were proposed, providing valuable references and insights for researchers, food industry professionals, and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Future Food (Bai Ma) Research Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Nguyen-Thi PT, Vo TK, Pham THT, Nguyen TT, Van Vo G. Natural flavonoids as potential therapeutics in the management of Alzheimer's disease: a review. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38357675 PMCID: PMC10861420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with the accumulation of proteotoxic Aβ peptides, and pathologically characterized by the deposition of Aβ-enriched plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Given the social and economic burden caused by the rising frequency of AD, there is an urgent need for the development of appropriate therapeutics. Natural compounds are gaining popularity as alternatives to synthetic drugs due to their neuroprotective properties and higher biocompatibility. While natural compound's therapeutic effects for AD have been recently investigated in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies, only few have developed to clinical trials. The present review aims to provide a brief overview of the therapeutic effects, new insights, and upcoming perspectives of the preclinical and clinical trials of flavonoids for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuong Kha Vo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000 Vietnam
| | - Thi Hong Trang Pham
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000 Vietnam
| | - Thuy Trang Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 71420 Vietnam
| | - Giau Van Vo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
- Research Center for Genetics and Reproductive Health (CGRH), School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 70000 Vietnam
- Vietnam National University – Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, 700000 Vietnam
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10
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Thongsopha C, Chaiwut T, Thaweekhotr P, Sudwan P, Phasukdee N, Quiggins R. Aegle marmelos (L.) Leaf Extract Improves Symptoms of Memory Loss Induced by Scopolamine in Rats. Foods 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38397604 PMCID: PMC10888157 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that results in memory impairment. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa (AM) is used as a traditional medicine. AM leaves have the potential to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity. This study used scopolamine to induce AD in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM leaf extract using this model. Motor and memory functions were tested by the motor activity and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, respectively. The density of the synaptophysin and dendritic spines in the CA1 were detected by immunofluorescence and Golgi impregnation, respectively. The hippocampal histology was reviewed by H&E staining. After the treatment, the latency times in the MWM tests of the AD groups reduced, while the motor activities showed no difference. The density of the synaptophysin of the AD groups increased after the treatments, and that of the dendritic spines also increased in all AD groups post-treatment. The hippocampal tissue also recovered. AM leaf extract can improve cognitive impairment in AD models by maintaining the presynaptic vesicle proteins and dendritic spines in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanida Thongsopha
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thanasit Chaiwut
- The Department of General Education, Kanchanabhishek Institute of medical and Public Health Technology, Nonthaburi 11150, Thailand;
| | - Pornnarez Thaweekhotr
- The School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Paiwan Sudwan
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Noppadol Phasukdee
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Ranida Quiggins
- The Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (C.T.); (P.S.); (N.P.)
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11
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Samy MVG, Perumal S. Systems pharmacology and multi-scale mechanism of Enicostema axillare bioactives in treating Alzheimer disease. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:575-593. [PMID: 37845599 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
As a progressive neurological disease with increased morbidity and mortality, Alzheimer Disease (AD) is characterized by neuron damage that controls memory and mental functions. Enicostema axillare (EA), an herb with a history of combativeness and effectiveness in treating Rheumatoid Arthritis, Cancer, and Diabetes, is used in Indian folk medicine from a holistic point of view. Though the herb is used for many illnesses, the molecular mechanism of its bioactive on AD has not been deciphered by intricate research. A unique pharmacology approach based on ADME drug screening and targeting, pathway enrichment (GO and KEGG), and network pharmacology, was established to explore the molecular mechanisms of E. axillare (EA) bioactive compounds for the treatment of AD. In brief, we bring to light the three active compounds of EA and seven potential molecular targets of AD, which are mainly implicated in four signaling pathways, i.e., MAPK, Apoptosis, neurodegeneration, and the TNF pathway. Moreover, the network analysis of the active compounds, molecular targets, and their pathways reveals the pharmacological nature of the compounds. Further, molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the interactions between the EA bioactive compounds and the targets and examine the binding affinity. The outcome of the work reflects the potential therapeutic effects of the compounds for treating AD through the modulation of the key proteins, which further corroborates the reliability of our network pharmacology analysis. This study not only helps in understanding the molecular mechanism of the drugs but also helps in finding and sorting new drugs for the treatment of AD, and other complex diseases through modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasidharan Perumal
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Biome Live Analytical Center, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lin J, Gao Y, Shen Q, Li J, Zhou Z, Shen L. Dietary flavonoid intake is associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms in US adults: Data from NHANES 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:293-299. [PMID: 37890540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms is an important public health problem. The aim of the present study is to examine the association of dietary flavonoid intake with risk of depressive symptoms. METHODS In this study, we conducted an assessment to investigate the potential association between dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of depressive symptoms. Our analysis was based on a nationally representative sample of 9674 adults who participated in the 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Flavonoid intake was measured using a 24-hour dietary recall method, while depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. To examine the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of depressive symptoms, we employed logistic regression, subgroup and restricted cubic spline models. RESULTS Following multivariate adjustment, the study found a negative association between total flavonoids, anthocyanidins, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and the risk of depressive symptoms. In subgroup analysis, total flavonoid intake was inversely associated with risk of depressive symptoms among women whereas no association was found among man. Additionally, a non-linear relationship was observed between total flavonoid intake and depressive symptoms, with statistical significance (P for nonlinearity <0.001). LIMITATIONS The present study employed a cross-sectional design, which precludes the establishment of causality. Furthermore, the data relied on self-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS In present study, moderate total flavonoids intake, but not high intake, was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms suggesting a U-shaped association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Lin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Mox-ibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Mox-ibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Mox-ibustion, Tianjin 300381, China; Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Mox-ibustion, Tianjin 300381, China.
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Rasool A, Manzoor R, Ullah K, Afzal R, Ul-Haq A, Imran H, Kaleem I, Akhtar T, Farrukh A, Hameed S, Bashir S. Oxidative Stress and Dopaminergic Metabolism: A Major PD Pathogenic Mechanism and Basis of Potential Antioxidant Therapies. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:852-864. [PMID: 37303175 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230609141519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress triggers the vicious cycle leading to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigra pars compacta. ROS produced during the metabolism of dopamine is immediately neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system (EADS) under physiological conditions. Aging decreases the vigilance of EADS and makes the dopaminergic neurons more vulnerable to oxidative stress. As a result, ROS left over by EADS oxidize the dopamine-derived catechols and produces a number of reactive dopamine quinones, which are precursors to endogenous neurotoxins. In addition, ROS causes lipid peroxidation, uncoupling of the electron transport chain, and DNA damage, which lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, and synaptic dysfunction. The mutations in genes such as DNAJC6, SYNJ1, SH3GL2, LRRK2, PRKN, and VPS35 caused by ROS have been associated with synaptic dysfunction and the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The available drugs that are used against PD can only delay the progression of the disease, but they produce various side effects. Through their antioxidant activity, flavonoids can substantiate the EADS of dopaminergic neurons and disrupt the vicious cycle incepted by oxidative stress. In this review, we show how the oxidative metabolism of dopamine generates ROS and dopamine-quinones, which then exert unrestrained OS, causing mutations in several genes involved in the proper functioning of mitochondrion, synapse, and lysosome. Besides, we also present some examples of approved drugs used for the treatment of PD, therapies in the clinical trial phase, and an update on the flavonoids that have been tested to boost the EADS of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Rasool
- Institute for Synthetic Biosystem, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Robina Manzoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbella University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90050, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Afzal
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Asad Ul-Haq
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hadia Imran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Kaleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Anum Farrukh
- Department of General Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sahir Hameed
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (N.I.G.A.B.) National Agriculture Research Centre Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neurosciences Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, P.O. Box 15215, Dammam 31444, Saudi Arabia
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Laelago Ersedo T, Teka TA, Fikreyesus Forsido S, Dessalegn E, Adebo JA, Tamiru M, Astatkie T. Food flavor enhancement, preservation, and bio-functionality of ginger ( Zingiber officinale): a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2194576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Ramadan A, Mohammed A, Elnour AA, Sadeq A, Al Mazrouei N, Alkaabi M, Al-Kubaisi KA, Beshir SA, Menon V, AlAmoodi A, Sam KG, Saeed AAAM, Abdalla SF, Hussein SM. The flavonoid luteolin reduces mutant huntingtin aggregation and cytotoxicity in huntingtin-mutated neuroblastoma cells. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101871. [PMID: 38125952 PMCID: PMC10731386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract leading to malformation and aggregation of the mutant huntingtin protein in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus of affected brain regions. The development of neuroprotective agents from plants has received considerable research attention. Objective Our study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of luteolin and the mechanisms that underline its potential mediated protection in the mutant htt neuroblastoma cells. Methods The mutant htt neuroblastoma cells were transfected with 160Q, and the control wild-type neuroblastoma cells were transfected with 20Q htt for 24 h and later treated with luteolin. Cell viability was determined by MTT and PI staining in both groups, while western blotting was used to evaluate caspase 3 protein expression. Aggregation formation was assessed via immunofluorescence microscopy. Also, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of mutant htt aggregated and soluble protein, Nrf2 and HO-1. The impact of Nrf2 on luteolin-treated neuroblastoma cells was assessed using small interfering RNAs. Results Our study reports that luteolin can protect cultured cells from mutant huntingtin cytotoxicity, evidenced by increased viability and decreased apoptosis. Also, luteolin reduced the accumulation of soluble and insoluble mutant huntingtin aggregates in mutant htt neuroblastoma cells transfected with 160Q compared to the control wild-type. The mutant htt aggregate reduction mediated by luteolin appeared to be independent of the Nrf2 -HO-1 antioxidant pathway. Conclusion Luteolin presents a new potential therapeutic and protective agent for the treatment and decreasing the cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi Campus Abu Dhabi, UAE, AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abuelnor Mohammed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Asim Ahmed Elnour
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi campus, Abu Dhabi-United Arab Emirates (UAE), AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Adel Sadeq
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maisoun Alkaabi
- New Medical Center (NMC) Royal Women’s Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalid Awad Al-Kubaisi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy-University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Semira Abdi Beshir
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College For Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vineetha Menon
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla AlAmoodi
- Ambulatory Healthcare Services, Academic Affairs, Abu Dhabi Health Services (SEHA), United Arab Emirates
| | - Kishore Ganana Sam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali Awadallah Ali Mohamed Saeed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, National University-Sudan, Mycetoma Research Center, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sami Fatehi Abdalla
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, University of Almaarefa, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Mohammed Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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Horvat A, Vlašić I, Štefulj J, Oršolić N, Jazvinšćak Jembrek M. Flavonols as a Potential Pharmacological Intervention for Alleviating Cognitive Decline in Diabetes: Evidence from Preclinical Studies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2291. [PMID: 38137892 PMCID: PMC10744738 DOI: 10.3390/life13122291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disease associated with reduced synaptic plasticity, atrophy of the hippocampus, and cognitive decline. Cognitive impairment results from several pathological mechanisms, including increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors, prolonged oxidative stress and impaired activity of endogenous mechanisms of antioxidant defense, neuroinflammation driven by the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and disturbance of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and cognitive functioning. There is increasing evidence that dietary interventions can reduce the risk of various diabetic complications. In this context, flavonols, a highly abundant class of flavonoids in the human diet, are appreciated as a potential pharmacological intervention against cognitive decline in diabetes. In preclinical studies, flavonols have shown neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and memory-enhancing properties based on their ability to regulate glucose levels, attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation, promote the expression of neurotrophic factors, and regulate signaling pathways. The present review gives an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunctions and the results of preclinical studies showing that flavonols have the ability to alleviate cognitive impairment. Although the results from animal studies are promising, clinical and epidemiological studies are still needed to advance our knowledge on the potential of flavonols to improve cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anđela Horvat
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ignacija Vlašić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Štefulj
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Oršolić
- Division of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Jazvinšćak Jembrek
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Ilica 242, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Larit F, León F. Therapeutics to Treat Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders: A Promising Perspective from Algerian Traditional Medicine. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3860. [PMID: 38005756 PMCID: PMC10674704 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ancient people sought out drugs in nature to prevent, cure, and treat their diseases, including mental illnesses. Plants were their primary source for meeting their healthcare needs. In Algeria, folk medicine remains a fundamental part of the local intangible knowledge. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive ethnomedicinal investigation and documentation of medicinal plants and the different plant formulations traditionally used in Algeria for the treatment of pain, psychiatric, and neurological disorders. It also intends to improve the current knowledge of Algerian folk medicine. Several scientific databases were used to accomplish this work. Based on this investigation, we identified 82 plant species belonging to 69 genera and spanning 38 distinct botanical families used as remedies to treat various psychological and neurological conditions. Their traditional uses and methods of preparation, along with their phytochemical composition, main bioactive constituents, and toxicity were noted. Therefore, this review provides a new resource of information on Algerian medicinal plants used in the treatment and management of neurological and psychological diseases, which can be useful not only for the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge, but also for conducting future phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Larit
- Laboratoire d’Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST), Université Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Route de Ain El Bey, Constantine 25017, Algeria
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
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Yang J, Kim JS, Kwon YS, Seong ES, Kim MJ. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Extract and Isolated Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:7354. [PMID: 37959773 PMCID: PMC10650814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and antiproliferative activities of Eclipta prostrata extracts. Two flavonoids, 3'-O-methylorobol and apigenin 7-sulfate, were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of E. prostrata. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the E. prostrata extracts, as well as their overall antioxidant activities as measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power assays, were investigated. The E. prostrata EtOAc extract exhibited significantly greater antioxidant activities in both assays and higher phenol and flavonoid contents than the other extracts. The potential antiproliferative properties of the E. prostrata extracts and isolated compounds were investigated in vitro against the AGS, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines and the normal human HEK-293 cell line using the MTT assay. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to assess AGS cell apoptosis. At a concentration of 100 µg/mL, the EtOAc extract of E. prostrata reduced AGS cell viability and proliferation by inducing apoptosis through the alteration of gene expression in the apoptotic cascade. These results highlight E. prostrata as a promising source of anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Research Institute of Food Science & Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China;
| | - Joo Seok Kim
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Seong
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jo Kim
- Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Rana SS, Tiwari S, Gupta N, Tripathi MK, Tripathi N, Singh S, Bhagyawant SS. Validating the Nutraceutical Significance of Minor Millets by Employing Nutritional-Antinutritional Profiling. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1918. [PMID: 37763321 PMCID: PMC10532853 DOI: 10.3390/life13091918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Millets are group of underutilized cereal crops with higher nutritional values. The present investigation used different classes of minor millets, including barnyard (sava), little (kutki), finger (ragi), kodo and foxtail millets, for evaluation of their nutritional parameters, i.e., the content of proteins, total amino acids, total sugars, insoluble fibers, soluble fibers, total dietary fibers, iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), along with antinutritional and antioxidant parameters, viz., tannic acid, phytic acid, phenol, flavonoid, proline and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activity were also thought to elevate millets as a viable staple meal. Foxtail millet showed the maximum inhibition, with an IC50 value of 20.46 ± 1.80 µg mL-1 with respect to α-amylase. The coefficient of correlation between nutritional and antinutritional compositions showed that the starch content was significantly and positively correlated with insoluble fiber (r = 0.465) and dietary fiber (r = 0.487). Moreover, sugar was positively correlated with the phytic acid (r = 0.707), Fe and Zn (r = 0.681) contents. To determine the peptides responsible for anticancer activity, the foxtail protein was subjected to ultrafiltration; it was found that the 3 kDa fraction retained the greatest anticancer activity. Selected millet germplasm line(s) that have the best nutraceutical properties could be used in millet improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singh Rana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.S.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Sushma Tiwari
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.S.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Neha Gupta
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.S.R.); (N.G.)
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Vijayraje Scindia Agricultural University, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.S.R.); (N.G.)
| | - Niraj Tripathi
- Directorate of Research Services, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, Madhya Pradesh, India;
| | - Sangeeta Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, Delhi, India;
| | - Sameer S. Bhagyawant
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior 474001, Madhya Pradesh, India;
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Rana AK, Sharma S, Kumar R, Singh D. Buckwheat tartary regulates the Gsk-3β/β-catenin pathway to prevent neurobehavioral impairments in a rat model of surgical menopause. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1859-1875. [PMID: 37133802 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01213-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a natural aging process characterized by decreased levels of sex hormones in females. Deprivation of estrogen following menopause results in alterations of dendritic arborization of the neuron that leads to neurobehavioral complications. Hormone replacement therapy is in practice to manage postmenopausal conditions but is associated with a lot of adverse effects. In the present study, the efficacy of buckwheat tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum) whole seed extract was investigated against the neurobehavioral complication in middle-aged ovariectomized rats, which mimic the clinical postmenopausal condition. Hydroalcoholic extraction (80% ethanol) was done, and quantification of major marker compounds in the extract was performed using HPLC. Oral treatment of the extract following the critical window period rescued the reconsolidation process of spatial and recognition memory, as well as depression-like behavior. Gene expression analysis disclosed elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that largely disturb the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in ovariectomized rats. Gfap and Pparγ expression also showed reactive astrogliosis in the rats subjected to ovariectomy. The extract treatment reverted the elevated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and expression of the studied genes. Furthermore, protein expression analysis revealed that Gsk-3β was activated differentially in the brain, as suggested by β-catenin protein expression, which was normalized following the treatment with extract and rescued the altered neurobehavioral process. The results of the current study concluded that Fagopyrum tataricum seed extract is better option to overcome the neurobehavioral complications associated with the menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Supriya Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Damanpreet Singh
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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21
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Bongiorno D, Di Stefano V, Indelicato S, Avellone G, Ceraulo L. Bio-phenols determination in olive oils: Recent mass spectrometry approaches. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1462-1502. [PMID: 34747510 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is largely used in Mediterranean diet, and it is also worldwide apprised not only for its organoleptic properties but also for its healthy effects mainly attributed to the presence of several naturally occurring phenolic and polyphenolic compounds (bio-phenols). These compounds are characterized by the presence of multiple phenolic groups in more or less complex structures. Their content is fundamental in defining the healthy qualities of EVOO and consequently the analytical methods for their characterization and quantification are of current interest. Traditionally their determination has been conducted using a colorimetric assay based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent with the functional hydroxy groups of phenolic compounds. Identification and quantification of the bio-phenols in olive oils requires certainly more performing analytical methods. Chromatographic separation is now commonly achieved by HPLC, coupled with spectrometric devices as UV, FID, and MS. This last approach constitutes an actual cutting-edge application for bio-phenol determination in complex matrices as olive oils, mostly on the light of the development of mass analyzers and the achievement of high resolution and accurate mass measurement in more affordable instrument configurations. After a short survey of some rugged techniques used for bio-phenols determination, in this review have been described the most recent mass spectrometry-based methods, adopted for the analysis of the bio-phenols in EVOOs. In particular, the sample handling and the results of HPLC coupled with low- and high-resolution MS and MS/MS analyzers, of ion mobility mass spectrometry and ambient mass spectrometry have been reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bongiorno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Ceraulo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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El-Hawary SS, Elwekeel A, Abo El-Ela SO, Abdelmohsen UR, Owis AI. Metabolic profiling and biological activity of two Livistona species: L. chinensis and L. australis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14855-14862. [PMID: 37197185 PMCID: PMC10184005 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Livistona is a genus of family Arecaceae and widely grown in tropical areas. The phytochemical analysis of the leaves and fruits of two Livistona species, L. chinensis and L. australis were carried out using UPLC/MS and determination of the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, in addition to the isolation and identification of five phenolic compounds and one fatty acid from L. australis fruits. The total phenolic compounds varied from 19.72 to 78.87 mg GAE g-1 dry plant, while the total flavonoid contents were in the range of 4.82-17.75 mg RE g-1 dry plant. The UPLC/MS analysis of the two species led to the characterization of forty-four metabolites belonging mainly to the different classes of flavonoids and phenolic acids, while the compounds isolated from L. australis fruits were identified as gallic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, hyperoside, quercetin 3-O-α-d-arabinopyranoside and dodecanoic acid. The in vitro biological evaluation of L. australis leaves and fruits were estimated as anticholinesterase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) potentiation and anti-diabetic through measuring the capacity of the extracts to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV). The results revealed that the leaves showed remarkable anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activity compared to fruits with IC50 values of 65.55 ± 3.75 ng mL-1 and 90.8 ± 4.48 ng mL-1, respectively. In the TERT enzyme assay, the leaves extract triggered a 1.49-fold increase in telomerase activity. This work showed that the Livistona species are a good source for flavonoids and phenolics, which play an important role in anti-aging and the treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahlam Elwekeel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Sara O Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University Minia Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University New Minia Egypt
| | - Asmaa I Owis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development Cairo Egypt
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23
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Formulation and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with neuroprotective flavonoid from Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Bellavite P. Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020280. [PMID: 36829840 PMCID: PMC9951959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies are rarely curative. Functional disorders and the organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena of oxidative stress, inflammation and cytotoxicity are intertwined. For these reasons, the search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract these pathologies has increased rapidly over the last two decades. In this paper, studies on the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids (especially the two most widely used, hesperidin and quercetin) on animal models of depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease are reviewed. The literature on these topics amounts to a few hundred publications on in vitro and in vivo models (notably in rodents) and provides us with a very detailed picture of the action mechanisms and targets of these substances. These include the decrease in enzymes that produce reactive oxygen and ferroptosis, the inhibition of mono-amine oxidases, the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE system, the induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, in the case of AD, the prevention of amyloid-beta aggregation. The inhibition of neuroinflammatory processes has been documented as a decrease in cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) by microglia and astrocytes, by modulating a number of regulatory proteins such as Nf-kB and NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials on humans are still scarce, preclinical studies allow us to consider hesperidin, quercetin, and other flavonoids as very interesting and safe dietary molecules to be further investigated as complementary treatments in order to prevent neurodegenerative diseases or to moderate their deleterious effects.
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Bioactive Compounds from Fruits as Preservatives. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020343. [PMID: 36673435 PMCID: PMC9857965 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of additives with preservative effects is a common practice in the food industry. Although their use is regulated, natural alternatives have gained more attention among researchers and professionals in the food industry in order to supply processed foods with a clean label. Fruits are essential components in a healthy diet and have also been associated with improved health status and a lower risk of developing diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of the main bioactive compounds (polyphenols, betalain, and terpenes) naturally found in fruits, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in vitro, and their preservative effect in different foods. Many extracts obtained from the skin (apple, grape, jabuticaba, orange, and pomegranate, for instance), pulp (such as red pitaya), and seeds (guarana, grape, and jabuticaba) of fruits are of great value due to the presence of multiple compounds (punicalagin, catechin, gallic acid, limonene, β-pinene, or γ-terpinene, for instance). In terms of antioxidant activity, some fruits that stand out are date, jabuticaba, grape, and olive, which interact with different radicals and show different mechanisms of action in vitro. Antimicrobial activity is observed for natural extracts and essential oils (especially from citrus fruits) that limit the growth of many microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Penicillium digitatum, and Pseodomonas aeruginosa, for instance). Studies in foods have revealed that the use of extracts or essential oils as free or encapsulated forms or incorporated into films and coatings can inhibit microbial growth, slow oxidative reactions, reduce the accumulation of degradative products, and also preserve sensory attributes, especially with films and coatings. Future studies could focus on the advances of extracts and essential oils to align their use with the development of healthier foods (especially for meat products) and explore the inhibition of spoilage microorganisms in dairy products, for instance.
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Chen Z, Gu J, Lin S, Xu Z, Xu H, Zhao J, Feng P, Tao Y, Chen S, Wang P. Saffron essential oil ameliorates CUMS-induced depression-like behavior in mice via the MAPK-CREB1-BDNF signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115719. [PMID: 36126781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Saffron, the dried stigma of Crocus sativus L., has a long history of use in the treatment of depression in traditional Chinese medicine and Islamic medicine. The unique aroma of saffron, primarily derived from its volatile oil, has been widely used by folk to mitigate anxiety and depression via sniffing because the aroma of saffron has a pleasant and invigorating effect. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the antidepressant effect and the underlying mechanism of saffron essential oil (SEO) in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, compounds of SEO were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, while network pharmacology was used to predict potential active compounds, antidepressant targets, and related signaling pathways of SEO. The CUMS depression model was further used to explore the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of SEO. During the modeling period, mice were regularly administered fluoxetine (3.6 mg/kg, i.g.) or diluted SEO (2%, 4%, and 6% SEO, inhalation). The antidepressant and neuroprotective effects of SEO were evaluated by behavior tests (the open field test, the sucrose preference test, the tail suspension test, and the forced swimming test), hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Nissl staining. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure dopamine (DA), 5-serotonin (5-HT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in serum. The relative abundance of Raf1, MEK1, P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, P-CREB1/CREB1, BDNF, and P-Trk B/Trk B in the hippocampus was determined using western blot (WB). RESULTS According to the network pharmacology analysis, seven active SEO compounds mediated 113 targets related to depression treatment, most of which were enriched in the 5-HT synapse, calcium signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. In vivo experiments indicated that fluoxetine and SEO improved depression-like behaviors in depressed mice. The levels of 5-HT, DA, BDNF, and GABA in serum increased significantly. Histopathological examinations revealed that fluoxetine and SEO ameliorated neuronal damage in the hippocampus. WB analysis showed that the relative expressions of Raf1, MEK1, P-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, P-CREB1/CREB1, BDNF, and P-Trk B/Trk B were significantly higher in the fluoxetine and SEO groups than in the CUMS group. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest that SEO significantly alleviates the depressive symptoms in CUMS exposed mice and partially restores hippocampal neuronal damage. Meanwhile, the best efficacy was observed in 4% SEO. Furthermore, the antidepressant mechanism of SEO is primarily dependent on the regulation of the MAPK-CREB1-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinping Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Susu Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China; The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, 314001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zijin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Shangrao, Jiangxi, 334000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiajing Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peishi Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
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Pérez-Arancibia R, Cisternas-Olmedo M, Sepúlveda D, Troncoso-Escudero P, Vidal RL. Small molecules to perform big roles: The search for Parkinson's and Huntington's disease therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1084493. [PMID: 36699535 PMCID: PMC9868863 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1084493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological motor disorders (NMDs) such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are characterized by the accumulation and aggregation of misfolded proteins that trigger cell death of specific neuronal populations in the central nervous system. Differential neuronal loss initiates the impaired motor control and cognitive function in the affected patients. Although major advances have been carried out to understand the molecular basis of these diseases, to date there are no treatments that can prevent, cure, or significantly delay the progression of the disease. In this context, strategies such as gene editing, cellular therapy, among others, have gained attention as they effectively reduce the load of toxic protein aggregates in different models of neurodegeneration. Nevertheless, these strategies are expensive and difficult to deliver into the patients' nervous system. Thus, small molecules and natural products that reduce protein aggregation levels are highly sought after. Numerous drug discovery efforts have analyzed large libraries of synthetic compounds for the treatment of different NMDs, with a few candidates reaching clinical trials. Moreover, the recognition of new druggable targets for NMDs has allowed the discovery of new small molecules that have demonstrated their efficacy in pre-clinical studies. It is also important to recognize the contribution of natural products to the discovery of new candidates that can prevent or cure NMDs. Additionally, the repurposing of drugs for the treatment of NMDs has gained huge attention as they have already been through clinical trials confirming their safety in humans, which can accelerate the development of new treatment. In this review, we will focus on the new advances in the discovery of small molecules for the treatment of Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. We will begin by discussing the available pharmacological treatments to modulate the progression of neurodegeneration and to alleviate the motor symptoms in these diseases. Then, we will analyze those small molecules that have reached or are currently under clinical trials, including natural products and repurposed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Arancibia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Cisternas-Olmedo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Sepúlveda
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Troncoso-Escudero
- Molecular Diagnostic and Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene L. Vidal
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile,*Correspondence: Rene L. Vidal ✉
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Yılmaz ŞG, Almasri S, Karabulut YY, Korkmaz M, Bucak Ö, Balcı SO. Okadaic Acid-Induced Alzheimer's in Rat Brain: Phytochemical Cucurbitacin E Contributes to Memory Gain by Reducing TAU Protein Accumulation. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2023; 27:34-44. [PMID: 36594931 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, with hallmark pathologies related to amyloid beta (Aβ) and TAU. Natural phytochemicals show promise for drug discovery to fill the current therapeutic innovation gap in AD. This study investigated the effect of cucurbitacin E (CuE), one of the bioactive components of Ecballium elaterium, on TAU fibril formation in okadaic acid-induced AD in rats. In a randomized design, we assigned 30 female Sprague Dawley rats to one of five experimental groups: (1) control, (2) stereotaxic surgery, (3) stereotaxic surgery + artificial cerebrospinal fluid, (4) stereotaxic surgery + okadaic acid (AD model), and (5) stereotaxic surgery + okadaic acid + CuE treatment. For experimental groups 4 and 5, rats were administered OKA-ICV (200 ng/kg) followed by CuE (4 mg/[kg·day], intraperitoneally) for 20 days. Expression of the MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 genes associated with TAU metabolism, hippocampal protein levels of these genes, cognitive functions of the rats, and histological accumulation of TAU in the brain were evaluated. Our findings in this preclinical model collectively suggest that phytochemical CuE contributes to memory gain by reducing TAU protein accumulation, which warrants further evaluation in future in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenay Görücü Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Health Sciences Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Salam Almasri
- Department of Biochemistry Science and Technology, Gaziantep University, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Korkmaz
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Öznur Bucak
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sibel Oğuzkan Balcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Barak T, Miller O, Melamed S, Tietel Z, Harari M, Belausov E, Elmann A. Neuroprotective Effects of Pulicaria incisa Infusion on Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Hippocampal Neurons. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010032. [PMID: 36670894 PMCID: PMC9854488 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress increase susceptibility to neurodegeneration and other age-related pathologies. We have previously demonstrated that an infusion prepared from Pulicaria incisa (Pi) has protective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects in glial cells. However, the neuroprotective activities of Pi infusion in cultured neurons and aging mice have never been studied. In the following study, the effects of Pi infusion were explored in a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress model in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Profiling of the infusion by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and aucubin as some of its main constituents. H2O2-induced ROS accumulation and caspase 3 activity decreased SH-SY5Y viability and were prevented upon the pretreatment of cells with Pi infusion. Additionally, the Pi infusion upregulated cellular levels and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as well as the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB). Aging mice treated daily for 18 months with Pi infusion exhibited reduced neuronal cell death in the hippocampus as compared to age-matched controls. We, therefore, propose Pi infusion as a candidate regulator of oxidative stress in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Barak
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Oshrat Miller
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sarit Melamed
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat 853110, Israel
| | - Moti Harari
- The Southern Arava Research and Development, Hevel Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- The Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Anat Elmann
- Department of Food Science, The Volcani Institute Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3516
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Quercetin Is An Active Agent in Berries against Neurodegenerative Diseases Progression through Modulation of Nrf2/HO1. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235132. [PMID: 36501161 PMCID: PMC9737775 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are well-known fruits for their antioxidant effects due to their high content of flavonoids, and quercetin is one of the potent bioactive flavonoids. Although oxidative stress is an inevitable outcome in cells due to energy uptake and metabolism and other factors, excessive oxidative stress is considered a pivotal mediator for the cell death and leads to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, oxidative stress triggers inflammation that leads to neuronal cell loss. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and so on are the main neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, AD and PD are the most affected NDDs and cause the most lethality without any effective cure. Since AD and PD are the most common NDDs, therefore, in this study, we will describe the effect of oxidative stress on AD and PD. Targeting oxidative stress could be a very effective way to prevent and cure NDDs. Thus, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) are potent endogenous antioxidant modulatory pathways, which also show cytoprotective activities. Modulation of Nrf2/HO1 signaling pathways through a biological approach could be an effective way to treat with NDDs. Quercetin is a natural polyphenol, which protects neurodegeneration, remarkably by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, quercetin could be a very effective agent against NDDs. We will discuss the benefits and challenges of quercetin to treat against NDDs, focusing on molecular biology.
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Goyal A, Verma A, Dubey N, Raghav J, Agrawal A. Naringenin: A prospective therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14415. [PMID: 36106706 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a cluster of progressive, severe, and disabling disorders that affect millions of people worldwide and are on the surge. These disorders are characterized by the gradual loss of a selectively vulnerable group of neurons. Due to the complex pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurodegeneration and despite enormous efforts and understanding of the occurrence and progression of NDs, there is still a lack of an effective treatment for such diseases. Therefore, the development of a new therapeutic strategy for NDs is an unmet clinical need. Various natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants or fruits have shown promising activities in treating different types of NDs by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Among natural entities, flavonoids have incited a rise in public and scientific interest in recent years because of their purported health-promoting effects. Dietary supplementation of flavonoids has been shown to mitigate the severity of NDs such as Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia by their antioxidant effects. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid that is known to possess numerous biological activities like antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, naringenin has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent that exerts preventive and curative effects on several neurological disorders. Increasing evidence has attained special attention on the variety of therapeutic targets along with complex signaling pathways of naringenin, which suggest its possible therapeutic applications in several NDs. Derived from the results of several pre-clinical research and considering the therapeutic effects of this compound, this review focuses on the potential role of naringenin as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The overall neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms related to naringenin are discussed. In the light of substantial evidence for naringenin's neuroprotective efficacy in several experimental paradigms, this review suggests that this molecule should be investigated further as a viable candidate for the management of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, with an emphasis on mechanistic and clinical trials to determine its efficacy. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Naringenin is a flavanone, aglycone of Naringin, predominantly found in citrus fruits with a variety of pharmacological actions. Naringenin has been shown to exhibit remarkable therapeutic efficacy and has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of a variety of diseases such as various heart, liver, and metabolic disorders. Similarly, it has shown efficacy in neurodegenerative illnesses. Therefore, this review enables us to better understand the neuroprotective effects and different possible underlying mechanisms of naringenin. Also, this review provides a new indication to manage the symptoms of NDs like AD and PD. Furthermore, naringenin will be useful in the field of medicine as a new active ingredient for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Jyoti Raghav
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
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Bin-Jumah MN, Gilani SJ, Alabbasi AF, Al-Abbasi FA, AlGhamdi SA, Alshehri OY, Alghamdi AM, Sayyed N, Kazmi I. Protective Effect of Fustin against Huntington's Disease in 3-Nitropropionic Treated Rats via Downregulation of Oxidative Stress and Alteration in Neurotransmitters and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Activity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123021. [PMID: 36551777 PMCID: PMC9775313 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers have revealed that Rhus verniciflua heartwood, which contains fustin as an important component, possesses antioxidant-mediated, anti-mutagenic, and anti-rheumatoid arthritis characteristics. Additionally, out of the numerous plant-derived secondary metabolites, there are various research papers concentrating on flavonoids for potential advantages in neurological illnesses. The current study aims to assess the neuroprotective potential of fustin in rodents over 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced Huntington's disease (HD)-like consequences. The efficacy of fustin 50 and 100 mg/kg was studied with multiple-dose administrations of 3-NPA, which experimentally induced HD-like symptoms in rats for 22 days. At the end of the study, several behavioral tests were performed including a beam walk, rotarod, and grip strength tests. Similarly, some biochemical parameters were assessed to support oxidative stress (reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, and malondialdehyde-MDA), alteration in neurotransmitters (gamma-aminobutyric acid-GABA-and glutamate), alteration in brain-derived neurotrophic factor activity, and nitrite levels. Additionally, pro-inflammatory parameters were carried out to evaluate the neuroinflammatory responses associated with streptozotocin such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX in the perfused brain. The fustin-treated group exhibited a significant restoration of memory function via modulation in behavioral activities. Moreover, 3-NPA altered biochemical, neurotransmitters, brain protein levels, and neuroinflammatory measures, which fustin efficiently restored. This is the first report demonstrating the efficacy of novel phytoconstituent fustin as a potential future candidate for the treatment of HD via offering neuroprotection by subsiding the oxidative and enzymatic activity in the 3-NPA experimental animal paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Society for Applied Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Preparatory Year, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud Y. Alshehri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Sayyed
- School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
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Association of 100% Fruit Juice Consumption with Cognitive Measures, Anxiety, and Depression in US Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224827. [PMID: 36432514 PMCID: PMC9696008 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression are significant contributors to human ill health and decreased quality of life. Intake of fruits including 100% juice is associated with beneficial effects on several health outcomes. The current study explored the potential associations between consumption of 100% fruit juice and neurocognitive markers in adults. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994, 1999-2018 for adults 20+ years (N = 62,606) were used to assess 100% fruit juice intake, and NHANES questionnaire data were used for the assessment of neurocognition. Association of usual intake of 100% fruit juice with neurocognitive outcomes were assessed by regression analysis after adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and health-related covariates. About 21% of adults were fruit juice consumers and the intake was a little over 2 oz per day. Consumers of 100% fruit juice had 16.3% fewer days per month of feeling anxious compared to non-consumers. There were no significant associations of 100% fruit juice usual intake with other neurocognitive measures. A large number of potential confounding variables have been identified to be associated with one or more neurocognitive measures suggesting that these may be important parameters to include in future studies.
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Cheng N, Bell L, Lamport DJ, Williams CM. Dietary Flavonoids and Human Cognition: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100976. [PMID: 35333451 PMCID: PMC9787524 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving cognition is important in all age groups, from performance in school examinations to prevention of cognitive decline in later life. Dietary polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, have been examined for their benefits to cognitive outcomes. This meta-analysis evaluates the effects of dietary flavonoids on cognition across the lifespan. In January 2020 databases were searched for randomized controlled trials investigating flavonoid effects on human cognition. Eighty studies, comprising 5519 participants, were included in the final meta-analysis. The global analysis indicates dietary flavonoids induced significant benefit to cognitive performance (g = 0.148, p < 0.001), with subgroup analyses revealing that cocoa (g = 0.224, p = 0.036), ginkgo (g = 0.187, p ≤ 0.001), and berries (g = 0.149, p = 0.009) yielded the most notable improvements. Significant benefits were observed from chronic studies, in middle-aged and older adults, and with low and medium doses. The domains of long-term memory, processing speed, and mood showed sensitivity to flavonoid intervention. This meta-analysis provides evidence for the positive effects of flavonoids on cognition and highlights several moderating factors. Flavonoid-based dietary interventions therefore potentially offer a highly accessible, safe, and cost-effective treatment to help tackle the burden of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Cheng
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Lynne Bell
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Daniel J. Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
| | - Claire M. Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of Reading, ReadingUK
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The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cyperus esculentus L. Extract in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Extensive Biological and Metabolomics Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207118. [PMID: 36296710 PMCID: PMC9606906 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the phytochemical composition of tiger nut (TN) (Cyperus esculentus L.) and its neuroprotective potential in scopolamine (Scop)-induced cognitive impairment in rats. The UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis enabled the putative annotation of 88 metabolites, such as saccharides, amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Treatment with TN extract restored Scop-induced learning and memory impairments. In parallel, TN extract succeeded in lowering amyloid beta, β-secretase protein expression and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus of rats. TN extract decreased malondialdehyde levels, restored antioxidant levels and reduced proinflammatory cytokines as well as the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Histopathological analysis demonstrated marked neuroprotection in TN-treated groups. In conclusion, the present study reveals that TN extract attenuates Scop-induced memory impairments by diminishing amyloid beta aggregates, as well as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-AChE activities.
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Ahmed H, Leyrolle Q, Koistinen V, Kärkkäinen O, Layé S, Delzenne N, Hanhineva K. Microbiota-derived metabolites as drivers of gut-brain communication. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2102878. [PMID: 35903003 PMCID: PMC9341364 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition have been associated with a range of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. The gut microbes transform and metabolize dietary- and host-derived molecules generating a diverse group of metabolites with local and systemic effects. The bi-directional communication between brain and the microbes residing in the gut, the so-called gut-brain axis, consists of a network of immunological, neuronal, and endocrine signaling pathways. Although the full variety of mechanisms of the gut-brain crosstalk is yet to be established, the existing data demonstrates that a single metabolite or its derivatives are likely among the key inductors within the gut-brain axis communication. However, more research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying how gut microbiota associated metabolites alter brain functions, and to examine if different interventional approaches targeting the gut microbiota could be used in prevention and treatment of neurological disorders, as reviewed herein.Abbreviations:4-EPS 4-ethylphenylsulfate; 5-AVA(B) 5-aminovaleric acid (betaine); Aβ Amyloid beta protein; AhR Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ASD Autism spectrum disorder; BBB Blood-brain barrier; BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CNS Central nervous system; GABA ɣ-aminobutyric acid; GF Germ-free; MIA Maternal immune activation; SCFA Short-chain fatty acid; 3M-4-TMAB 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate; 4-TMAP 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate; TMA(O) Trimethylamine(-N-oxide); TUDCA Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; ZO Zonula occludens proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Ahmed
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,CONTACT Hany Ahmed Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Quentin Leyrolle
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sophie Layé
- Laboratoire NutriNeuro, UMR INRAE 1286, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland,Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Jain J, Hasan W, Biswas P, Yadav RS, Jat D. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin against rotenone-induced neuroinflammation and alterations in mice behavior. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23165. [PMID: 35822592 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Various studies suggested that neuroinflammation leads to the development of several neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Rotenone is an organic pesticide and potent inhibitor of complex I of electron transport chain widely used to develop the PD model. Numerous studies reported rotenone toxicity in the dopaminergic system but very few studies are available on rotenone-induced glial cell activation and subsequent neurodegeneration and alterations in various types of behavior. Therefore, the present study was designed to explore the effect of rotenone on neuroinflammation and its deleterious effect on the behavior of mice, and also how these effects can be protected through quercetin. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid having strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is found in vegetables and fruits. The finding of the study indicated that rotenone 5 mg/kg body weight for 60 days through oral gavage leads to the release of inflammatory markers in blood serum, astrocytes activation in substantia nigra and hippocampus, and subsequently decreased density of dopaminergic fibers in the striatum. Rotenone also altered the memory of the mice as indicated by decreased spontaneous alteration in Y-maze and T-maze tests and reduction in exploration time in novel object recognition, increased immobility time in the forced swim test and reduced muscular strength. Co-treatment of quercetin 30 mg/kg/day through oral gavage for 60 days along with rotenone significantly reversed all these adverse effects, suggesting that quercetin could reduce neuroinflammation, and improve memory, and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli Jain
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Whidul Hasan
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pronit Biswas
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh S Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Yusoff IM, Mat Taher Z, Rahmat Z, Chua LS. A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Rana A, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Mishra V, Aluko RE. Health benefits of polyphenols: A concise review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14264. [PMID: 35694805 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants produce polyphenols, which are considered highly essential functional foods in our diet. They are classified into several groups according to their diverse chemical structures. Flavanoids, lignans, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are the four main families of polyphenols. Several in vivo and in vitro research have been conducted so far to evaluate their health consequences. Polyphenols serve a vital function in the protection of the organism from external stimuli and in eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are instigators of several illnesses. Polyphenols are present in tea, chocolate, fruits, and vegetables with the potential to positively influence human health. For instance, cocoa flavan-3-ols have been associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and diabetes. Polyphenols in the diet also help to improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. Quercetin, a flavonoid, and resveratrol, a stilbene, have been linked to improved cardiovascular health. Dietary polyphenols potential to elicit therapeutic effects might be attributed, at least in part, to a bidirectional association with the gut microbiome. This is because polyphenols are known to affect the gut microbiome composition in ways that lead to better human health. Specifically, the gut microbiome converts polyphenols into bioactive compounds that have therapeutic effects. In this review, the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and anti-diabetic actions of polyphenols are described based on findings from in vivo and in vitro experimental trials. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) burden has been increasing worldwide due to the sedentary lifestyle and several other factors such as smoking, junk food, etc. Scientific literature evidence supports the use of plant-based food polyphenols as therapeutic agents that could help to alleviate NCD's burden. Thus, consuming polyphenolic compounds from natural sources could be an effective solution to mitigate NCDs concerns. It is also discussed how natural antioxidants from medicinal plants might help prevent or repair damage caused by free radicals, such as oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Rana
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vijendra Mishra
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Dietary Intake of Polyphenols Enhances Executive/Attentional Functioning and Memory with an Improvement of the Milk Lipid Profile of Postpartum Women from Argentina. J Intell 2022; 10:jintelligence10020033. [PMID: 35736005 PMCID: PMC9224741 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence10020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerperium may lead to memory and executive/attentional complaints that interfere with women’s daily life. This might be prevented by dietary compounds, such as neuroprotective polyphenols. Their bioactivity depends on their effects on lipid metabolism in different tissues, such as the brain, fat, and breast. Thus, a polyphenol-related cognitive improvement may be associated with changes of lipids in human milk, which are key for infant neurodevelopment. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 postpartum women from Córdoba (Argentina), involving several neuropsychological tests. Diet was registered to identify polyphenol intake and food pattern adherence, with sociodemographic and other psychological variables (insomnia, stress, subjective cognitive complaints) being also studied. Triacylglycerols, cholesterol, and their oxidative forms were analyzed as milk biomarkers. Multivariate statistical methods were applied. Results confirmed that women who consumed polyphenols presented better executive/attentional performance (i.e., higher correct responses, conceptual level responses, complete categories, verbal fluency; lower attentional interferences, and perseverative errors) and word retention with lower interference. Polyphenols were positively associated with milk lipids, which were higher in women with better cognition. Furthermore, they had lower oxidized triacylglycerols. In conclusion, polyphenolic intake during postpartum may improve executive/attentional functioning, memory, and milk lipid profile.
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Yang J, Chen X, Rao S, Li Y, Zang Y, Zhu B. Identification and Quantification of Flavonoids in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) and Antiproliferative Activity In Vitro of Four Main Components Identified. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060483. [PMID: 35736417 PMCID: PMC9228595 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Okra is a kind of flavonoid-rich food which was reported to have a variety of health functions. Flavonoids are the major polyphenolic compounds in okra and are thought to play a role in reducing the risk of disease. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the flavonoids composition in okra pods and explore the activity of the main flavonoids components identified on inhibiting tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Six individual flavonoids were identified by HPLC-MS/MS: quercetin-3-gentiobioside (Q3G), quercetin-3-sambubioside (Q3S), rutin, quercetin-7-glucoside (Q7G), isoquercitrin (ISO) and quercetin-3-malonylglucoside (Q3M), which were all separated well within 30 min. The analytical method was validated by the recovery of spiked samples and so on. Moreover, four main flavonoids components, namely Q3G, Q3S, ISO and Q3M, exhibited significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of NCI-N87, A375, A549 cells proliferation (25−100 μmol/L) and of HFLS-RA (200−300 μmol/L) in different levels, according to MTT method, respectively. It is demonstrated that the flavonoids components of okra exhibited a noteworthy development prospect as a possible nutraceutical dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Biao Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-63743001
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Medicinal Plants and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiome in Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102111. [PMID: 35631252 PMCID: PMC9144835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various neurocognitive and mental health-related conditions have been associated with the gut microbiome, implicating a microbiome–gut–brain axis (MGBA). The aim of this systematic review was to identify, categorize, and review clinical evidence supporting medicinal plants for the treatment of mental disorders and studies on their interactions with the gut microbiota. Methods: This review included medicinal plants for which clinical studies on depression, sleeping disorders, anxiety, or cognitive dysfunction as well as scientific evidence of interaction with the gut microbiome were available. The studies were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eighty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and covered thirty mental health-related medicinal plants with data on interaction with the gut microbiome. Conclusion: Only a few studies have been specifically designed to assess how herbal preparations affect MGBA-related targets or pathways. However, many studies provide hints of a possible interaction with the MGBA, such as an increased abundance of health-beneficial microorganisms, anti-inflammatory effects, or MGBA-related pathway effects by gut microbial metabolites. Data for Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, and Salvia rosmarinus indicate that the interaction of their constituents with the gut microbiota could mediate mental health benefits. Studies specifically assessing the effects on MGBA-related pathways are still required for most medicinal plants.
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Noll C, Kandiah J, Moroy G, Gu Y, Dairou J, Janel N. Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:2039. [PMID: 35631180 PMCID: PMC9147372 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenols flavonoids are increasingly being recognized for their medicinal potential. These bioactive compounds derived from plants are gaining more interest in ameliorating adverse health risks because of their low toxicity and few side effects. Among them, therapeutic approaches demonstrated the efficacy of catechins, a major group of flavonoids, in reverting several aspects of Down syndrome, the most common genomic disorder that causes intellectual disability. Down syndrome is characterized by increased incidence of developing Alzheimer's disease, obesity, and subsequent metabolic disorders. In this focused review, we examine the main effects of catechins on comorbidities linked with Down syndrome. We also provide evidence of catechin effects on DYRK1A, a dosage-sensitive gene encoding a protein kinase involved in brain defects and metabolic disease associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Janany Kandiah
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, INSERM CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Yuchen Gu
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
| | - Julien Dairou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, UMR 8251 CNRS, Université Paris Cité, F-75013 Paris, France; (J.K.); (Y.G.)
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Vasilakopoulou PB, Fanarioti Ε, Tsarouchi M, Kokotou MG, Dermon CR, Karathanos VT, Chiou A. Polar phenol detection in rat brain: Development and validation of a versatile UHPLC-MS method and application on the brain tissues of Corinthian currant (Vitis vinifera L.,var. Apyrena) fed rats. Food Chem 2022; 390:133131. [PMID: 35551023 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to validate a rapid and selective bioanalytical method, using UHPLC-Orbitrap MS, for the determination of brain polar phenolics and to apply it in rats that orally consumed Corinthian currant for 38 days. Corinthian currant, is a dried vine fruit rich in polar phenolics that potentially penetrate the brain. During method optimization fresh and lyophilized tissues were comparatively studied along with different solid-phase extraction cartridges; satisfactory recoveries (>80%) for almost all analytes were attained using fresh tissues and Oasis® HLB cartridges. Brain regional levels in phenol concentrations were then determined; isoquercetin showed higher concentrations in frontal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum (14.0 ± 5.5, 6.6 ± 2.0, and 2.9 ± 1.3 ng/g tissue, respectively); rutin and gallic acid in cerebellum and isorhamnetin, quercetin and rutin in hippocampus of the Corinthian currant supplemented rat group compared to the control. This is the first study investigating polar phenolics' accumulation in rat brain after Corinthian currant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi B Vasilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Εleni Fanarioti
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Martha Tsarouchi
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece
| | - Catherine R Dermon
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece
| | - Vaios T Karathanos
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece; Agricultural Cooperatives' Union of Aeghion, Corinthou 201, 25100, Aeghion, Greece
| | - Antonia Chiou
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 176 76 Kallithea, Greece.
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Bari A, Shah SMM, Al-Joufi FA, Shah SWA, Shoaib M, Shah I, Zahoor M, Ahmed MN, Ghias M, Shah SMH, Khalil AAK. Effects of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem on Memory Deficits and Brain Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082399. [PMID: 35458597 PMCID: PMC9028531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different species of Artemisia have been reported to have therapeutic potential in treating various health disorders, including diabetes and memory dysfunction. The present study was planned to evaluate the effects of Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem crude extract and its subfractions as antiamnesic agents in streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetic mice. The in vivo behavioral studies were performed using the Y Maze test and novel object recognition test (NORT) test at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg of crude extract and 75 and 150 mg/kg of fractions. The in vitro and ex vivo anticholinesterase activities, along with biochemical parameters (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and lipid peroxidation) in the brain, were evaluated. Blood glucose levels were monitored with a glucometer; crude extract and fractions reduced the glucose level considerably, with some differences in the extent of their efficacies. The crude extract and fractions demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (AChE and BuChE) in vitro. Crude, chloroform and ethyl acetate extract were found to be more potent than the other fractions, with IC50 of Crd-Am = 116.36 ± 1.48 and 240.52 ± 1.35 µg/mL, Chl-Am = 52.68 ± 1.09 and 57.45 ± 1.39 µg/mL and Et-Am = 75.19 ± 1.02 and 116.58 ± 1.09 µg/mL, respectively. Oxidative stress biomarkers like superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione levels were elevated, whereas MDA levels were reduced by crude extract and all fractions with little difference in their respective values. The Y-maze test and novel object recognition test demonstrated declines in memory impairment in groups (n = 6) treated with crude extract and fractions as compared to STZ diabetic (amnesic) group. The most active fraction, Chl-Am, was also subjected to isolation of bioactive compounds; three compounds were obtained in pure state and designated as AB-I, AB-II and AB-III. Overall, the results of the study showed that Artemisia macrocephala Jacquem enhanced the memory impairment associated with diabetes, elevated acetylcholine levels and ameliorated oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to explore the beneficial role of the secondary metabolites isolated in the present study as memory enhancers. Toxicological aspects of the extracts are also important and need to be evaluated in other animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiqul Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Swabi 23460, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (A.B.); (S.M.M.S.)
| | | | - Fakhria A. Al-Joufi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341 Aljouf, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.A.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Ismail Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.W.A.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan;
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Syed Muhammad Hassan Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan;
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Ibrahim RYM, Hammad HBI, Gaafar AA, Saber AA. The possible role of the seaweed Sargassum vulgare as a promising functional food ingredient minimizing aspartame-associated toxicity in rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:752-771. [PMID: 32705899 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1797642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were chosen to test the possible protective role of antioxidants of the edible seaweed Sargassum vulgare as a functional food additive to alleviate oxidative stress and toxicity associated with consumption of the artificial sweetener 'aspartame (ASP)'. Biochemical and spleen histopathological analyses of the orally ASP-administrated rats, at a dose of 500 mg/kg for one week daily, showed different apoptotic and inflammatory patterns. Rats treated with ASP and then supplemented orally with the S. vulgare-MeOH extract, at a dose of 150 mg/kg for three consecutive weeks daily, showed significant positive reactions in all investigated assays related to ASP consumption. The protective and immune-stimulant efficacy of S. vulgare-MeOH extract, inferred from combating oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, modulating the low levels of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4, attenuating the elevated levels of apoptotic CASP-3 and inflammatory biomarkers TNF-α and IL-6, as well as heat shock proteins (Hsp70), can be most likely ascribed to the synergistic effect of its potent antioxidant phenolics (mainly gallic, ferulic, salicylic, and chlorogenic, and p-coumaric acids) and flavonoids (rutin, kaempferol, and hesperidin). Mechanism of action of these natural antioxidants was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Y M Ibrahim
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huda B I Hammad
- Radioisotopes Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Gaafar
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Saber
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Neuroprotective effect of Mulmina Mango against chemotherapy-induced cognitive decline in mouse model of mammary carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3072. [PMID: 35197512 PMCID: PMC8866531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-treatment status of breast cancer survivors has become a concern because of the toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents in the brain tissues resulting in cognitive deficits, which is generally referred as chemobrain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a proprietary ayurvedic formulation Mulmina Mango against chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). Mammary carcinoma was induced by subcutaneously inoculating 4T1 cells into the mammary fat pad of the animals. Intraperitoneal administration of Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5-Fluorouracil (CMF) regimen was carried out once a week for three weeks. Treatment of Mulmina began one week before chemotherapy and continued till the end of the chemotherapy cycle. After three cycles of chemotherapy, cognitive decline was assessed by Morris water maze task followed by assessment of locomotor activity by open-field test. Tumor progression was evaluated by measurement of tumor volume. Oxidative and neuroinflammatory markers were also evaluated from the isolated brain samples. CMF treatment resulted in a considerable reduction in tumour volume. We found chemotherapy negatively affected behavioral and biochemical parameters in animals and Mulmina treatment ameliorated these cognitive impairments by restoring antioxidant and maintaining cytokine levels. The combination of phytochemicals in Mulmina proved its possible ability to alleviate CICI without affecting chemotherapeutic efficiency and could pave the way for identifying treatment strategies to combat chemobrain.
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de Vries K, Medawar E, Korosi A, Witte AV. The Effect of Polyphenols on Working and Episodic Memory in Non-pathological and Pathological Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2022; 8:720756. [PMID: 35155509 PMCID: PMC8826433 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.720756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy steadily increases, and so do age-associated diseases, leading to a growing population suffering from cognitive decline and dementia. Impairments in working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) are associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. While there are no effective pharmacological therapies to preserve or enhance cognition and to slow down the progression from mild memory complaints to dementia so far, plant-based nutrients including polyphenols have been suggested to exert beneficial effects on brain aging. This review studies whether supplementary polyphenols are effective in preserving or enhancing memory in both non-pathological and pathological aging, and whether there are polyphenol efficiency differences between WM and EM. A systematic literature search was conducted and 66 out of 294 randomized clinical trials with 20 participants or more per group, aged 40 years or older were included. These covered a daily intake of 35–1,600 mg polyphenols, e.g., flavonols, flavonoids, isoflovones, anthocyanins, and/or stilbenes, over the course of 2 weeks to 6.5 years duration. In total, around half of the studies reported a significantly improved performance after polyphenol administration compared to control, while three studies reported a worsening of performance, and the remainder did not observe any effects. According to pooled WM and EM meta-analysis of all memory outcomes reported in 49 studies, overall effect size for WM and EM indicated a significant small positive effect on EM and WM with similar estimates (b ~ 0.24, p < 0.001), with large study heterogeneity and significant Funnel asymmetry tests suggesting a positivity bias. These results remained similar when excluding studies reporting extremely large positive effect sizes from the meta-analyses. While Ginkgo biloba and isoflavones did not show benefits in subgroup meta-analyses, those suggested some effects in extracts containing anthocyanins, other flavonoids and resveratrol, again potentially resulting from publication bias. To conclude, a systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that short- to moderate-term polyphenol interventions might improve WM and EM in middle-to older aged adults, however, publication bias in favor of positive results seems likely, rendering definite conclusions difficult. Future studies with larger, more diverse samples and sensitive monitoring of cardiovascular, metabolic and beginning brain pathologies as well as longer follow-up are needed to better understand the impact of age, (beginning) pathologies, gender, and long-term use on polyphenol action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Vries
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evelyn Medawar
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Philosophy, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: A. Veronica Witte
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Chien WJ, Saputri DS, Lin HY. Valorization of Taiwan's Citrus depressa Hayata peels as a source of nobiletin and tangeretin using simple ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:278-287. [PMID: 35146444 PMCID: PMC8816667 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the highest yield crop worldwide, citrus peels that possess bioactive compounds were discarded as a futile by-product. Ultrasonication with environmentally friendly solvent (50% ethanol and ddH2O) were used in the present study to extract flavonoids from Citrus depressa Hayata peels with extraction period and fruit maturity as other variables. DPPH scavenging activity was investigated. Qualitative flavonoid content analysis was done by UV/Vis and FTIR-ATR spectra. Quantification of flavonoid using LC-MS/MS found that solvent type, fruit maturity, and ultrasonication period significantly affect the extracted flavonoid yield (p < 0.05). Extraction using 50% ethanol showed a higher yield than ddH2O. Flavonoid content was also higher in unripe than ripe samples. Nobiletin, tangeretin, and rutin were dominant among the identified compounds in all sample treatments. Flavonoid content in Citrus depressa Hayata extract was found to negatively correlate to DPPH scavenging activity, which needs further research to identify other bioactivities of these flavonoids. Utilization of simple ultrasonication method with less preparation to extract flavonoids from Citrus depressa Hayata peels. Fruit maturity, extraction time and solvent preference significantly affect the yield of extracted flavonoid. Environmentally friendly solvent for extraction, deliver a comparable yield of flavonoid compounds to other methods. The negative correlation of extracted flavonoid to DPPH scavenging activity.
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