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Harahap U, Syahputra RA, Ahmed A, Nasution A, Wisely W, Sirait ML, Dalimunthe A, Zainalabidin S, Taslim NA, Nurkolis F, Kim B. Current insights and future perspectives of flavonoids: A promising antihypertensive approach. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3146-3168. [PMID: 38616386 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, or high blood pressure (BP), is a complex disease influenced by various risk factors. It is characterized by persistent elevation of BP levels, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Endothelial dysfunction and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play crucial roles in hypertension development. L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an analog of L-arginine, inhibits endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) enzymes, leading to decreased NO production and increased BP. Animal models exposed to L-NAME manifest hypertension, making it a useful design for studying the hypertension condition. Natural products have gained interest as alternative approaches for managing hypertension. Flavonoids, abundant in fruits, vegetables, and other plant sources, have potential cardiovascular benefits, including antihypertensive effects. Flavonoids have been extensively studied in cell cultures, animal models, and, to lesser extent, in human trials to evaluate their effectiveness against L-NAME-induced hypertension. This comprehensive review summarizes the antihypertensive activity of specific flavonoids, including quercetin, luteolin, rutin, troxerutin, apigenin, and chrysin, in L-NAME-induced hypertension models. Flavonoids possess antioxidant properties that mitigate oxidative stress, a major contributor to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. They enhance endothelial function by promoting NO bioavailability, vasodilation, and the preservation of vascular homeostasis. Flavonoids also modulate vasoactive factors involved in BP regulation, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and endothelin-1. Moreover, they exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammation-mediated hypertension. This review provides compelling evidence for the antihypertensive potential of flavonoids against L-NAME-induced hypertension. Their multifaceted mechanisms of action suggest their ability to target multiple pathways involved in hypertension development. Nonetheless, the reviewed studies contribute to the evidence supporting the useful of flavonoids for hypertension prevention and treatment. In conclusion, flavonoids represent a promising class of natural compounds for combating hypertension. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource summarizing the current knowledge on the antihypertensive effects of specific flavonoids, facilitating further investigation and guiding the development of novel therapeutic strategies for hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urip Harahap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Amer Ahmed
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Environment, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Azhari Nasution
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Wenny Wisely
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Maureen Lazurit Sirait
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Aminah Dalimunthe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Study, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M. Gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and ROS/RNS: Relevance to Parkinson's disease and therapeutic implications. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103092. [PMID: 38377788 PMCID: PMC10891329 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiome affect Parkinson's disease (PD) through their modulatory interactions with alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). In particular, SCFAs-such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate-are involved in gut-brain communication and can modulate alpha-synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of PD. The gut microbiome of patients with PD has lower levels of SCFAs than healthy individuals. Probiotics may be a potential strategy to restore SCFAs and alleviate PD symptoms, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Also in this review, we discuss how alpha-synuclein, present in the guts and brains of patients with PD, may induce neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via ROS/RNS. Alpha-synuclein is considered an early biomarker for PD and may link the gut-brain axis to the disease pathogenesis. Therefore, elucidating the role of SCFAs in the gut microbiome and their impact on alpha-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation in microglia and on ROS/RNS is crucial in PD pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Marseille, 13013, France
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Lin L, Xu S, Cai M, Li S, Chen Y, Chen L, Lin Y. Effects of fecal microbiota transfer on blood pressure in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300869. [PMID: 38578736 PMCID: PMC10997129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous recent studies have found a strong correlation between intestinal flora and the occurrence of hypertension. However, it remains unclear whether fecal microbiota transfer might affect the blood pressure of the host. This study aimed to quantify both associations. METHODS An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang database, Weipu, Embase, and SinoMed to retrieve relevant studies. The final search was completed on August 22, 2022. Two authors independently applied the inclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias assessment. All data were analyzed using RevMan 5.4. RESULTS A total of 5 articles were selected for final inclusion. All studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias according to the SYRCLE risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis results showed that transplantation of fecal bacteria from the hypertensive model can significantly improve the host's systolic pressure (MD = 18.37, 95%CI: 9.74~26.99, P<0.001), and diastolic pressure (MD = 17.65, 95%CI: 12.37~22.93, P<0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that the increase in systolic pressure in the hypertension model subgroup (MD = 29.56, 95%CI = 23.55-35.58, P<0.001) was more pronounced than that in the normotensive model subgroup (MD = 12.48, 95%CI = 3.51-21.45, P<0.001). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests a relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and increased blood pressure, where transplantation of fecal bacteria from the hypertensive model can cause a significant increase in systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shurong Xu
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Sailan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yaqin Chen
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Department of Nursing, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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de Luna Freire MO, Cruz Neto JPR, de Albuquerque Lemos DE, de Albuquerque TMR, Garcia EF, de Souza EL, de Brito Alves JL. Limosilactobacillus fermentum Strains as Novel Probiotic Candidates to Promote Host Health Benefits and Development of Biotherapeutics: A Comprehensive Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10235-1. [PMID: 38393628 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Fruits and their processing by-products are sources of potentially probiotic strains. Limosilactobacillus (L.) fermentum strains isolated from fruit processing by-products have shown probiotic-related properties. This review presents and discusses the results of the available studies that evaluated the probiotic properties of L. fermentum in promoting host health benefits, their application by the food industry, and the development of biotherapeutics. The results showed that administration of L. fermentum for 4 to 8 weeks promoted host health benefits in rats, including the modulation of gut microbiota, improvement of metabolic parameters, and antihypertensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The results also showed the relevance of L. fermentum strains for application in the food industry and for the formulation of novel biotherapeutics, especially nutraceuticals. This review provides evidence that L. fermentum strains isolated from fruit processing by-products have great potential for promoting host health and indicate the need for a translational approach to confirm their effects in humans using randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - José Luiz de Brito Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Campus I-Jd. Cidade Universitária, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
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Yu J, Sun M, Jiang S, Jiang C, Mu G, Tuo Y. Oral Administration of Fermented Milk from Co-Starter Containing Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 Shows an Ameliorating Effect on Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Foods 2024; 13:641. [PMID: 38472752 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermented dairy foods such as yogurt exhibit some beneficial effects on consumers, including relieving the symptoms of hypertension. This study aims to obtain fermented dairy products from a co-starter that have a great flavor and the auxiliary function of reducing blood pressure after longtime consumption. Commercial starter cultures composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CICC 6047 and Streptococcus thermophilus CICC 6038 were combined with Lactobacillus plantarum strains Y44, Y12, and Y16, respectively, as a combined starter culture to ferment the mixed milk of skim milk and soybean milk. The fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture mixed with L. plantarum Y44 showed an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (53.56 ± 0.69%). Some peptides that regulate blood pressure were released in the fermented milk, such as AMKPWIQPK, GPVRGPFPII, LNVPGEIVE, NIPPLTQTPV, and YQEPVL. In spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) oral-administration experiments compared with the gavage unfermented milk group, the gavage feeding of SHRs with the fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture mixed with L. plantarum Y44 significantly reduced the blood pressure of the SHRs after long-term intragastric administration, shown with the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreasing by 23.67 ± 2.49 mmHg and 15.22 ± 2.62 mmHg, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), bacterial diversity in the gut microbiota, and SCFA levels including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the feces of the SHRs were increased via oral administration of the fermented milk produced using the combined starter culture containing L. plantarum Y44. Furthermore, the ACE-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin type 1 (AT 1) axis was downregulated, the angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE 2)-angiotensin(1-7) (Ang1-7)-Mas receptor axis of the SHRs was upregulated, and then the RAS signal was rebalanced. The fermented milk obtained from the combined starter culture shows the potential to be a functional food with antihypertension properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Mengying Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100016, China
| | - Chuqi Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100016, China
| | - Guangqing Mu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yanfeng Tuo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Probiotics Function Research Key Laboratory, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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Wang C, Jiang S, Zheng H, An Y, Zheng W, Zhang J, Liu J, Lin H, Wang G, Wang F. Integration of gut microbiome and serum metabolome revealed the effect of Qing-Wei-Zhi-Tong Micro-pills on gastric ulcer in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117294. [PMID: 37839771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qing-Wei-Zhi-Tong Micro-pills (QWZT) is herbal compound used in the treatment of GU, whose functions include clearing the stomach and fire, softening the liver and relieving pain. However, its mechanistic profile on host intestinal microbiota and metabolism has not been determined. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to observe the healing effect of QWZT on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in a rat model and to preliminarily elucidate its possible therapeutic mechanism from the perspective of host intestinal microbiota and metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Wistar male rats (7 weeks old; weight 180-200 g) were randomly divided into normal control group (NC), acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer group (GU), and QWZT treatment group (High dose: 1250 mg/kg/day, Middle dose: 625 mg/kg/day, Low dose: 312.5 mg/kg/day) of 6 rats each. An acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model was constructed based on anatomical surgery. QWZT (High dose, Middle dose, and Low dose) was used to treat gastric ulcer rats for 7 days by gavage. At the end of treatment, the body weight, macroscopic condition of gastric tissue ulcers, pathological changes (HE staining), inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and endocrine factors were assessed in each group of rats. Fresh feces and serum from each group of rats were collected for microbiome and metabolome analysis on the machine, respectively. Drug-disease common targets and functional pathways were captured based on network pharmacology. The complex network of Herbs-Targets-Pathways-Metabolites-Microbiota interactions was constructed. Ultimately, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) evaluated the contribution of gut microbiota in disease. RESULTS QWZT increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Parabacteroides, etc.), reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria (Micromonospora, Geobacter, Nocardioides, and Arenimonas, etc.), reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators (12,13-EpOME, 9,10-Epoxyoctadecenoic acid, SM(d18:1/16:0) and Leukotriene A4, etc.), restored host metabolic disorders (Linoleic acid metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Arachidonic acid metabolism), and regulated the level of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, SOD, MDA, PEG-2 and NO), ultimately exerting an anti-ulcer effect. Apart from that, FMT improved acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. CONCLUSION QWZT improved acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats by remodeling intestinal microbiota and regulating host metabolism. This work may promote the process of developing and utilizing clinical applications of QWZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Shengyu Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Haoyu Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yiming An
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Wenxue Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Jianming Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Hongqiang Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Centre for Secondary Development of Proprietary Chinese Medicines, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Zhang F, Yang L, Wei J, Tian X. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Tracking of Spontaneous Hypertension Rats Using an Electronic Nose. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:238. [PMID: 38203100 PMCID: PMC10781391 DOI: 10.3390/s24010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional noninvasive blood pressure measurement methods in experimental animals are time consuming and difficult to operate, particularly for large numbers of animals. In this study, the possibility of sensing fecal odor to estimate the blood pressure status of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) was explored with the aim of establishing a new method for non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure. The body weight and blood pressure of SHRs kept increasing with growth, and the odor information monitored using an E-nose varied with the blood pressure status, particularly for sensors S6 and S7. The fecal information was analyzed using principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis and multilayer perception neural networks (MLP) to discriminate SHRs from normal ones, with a 100% correct classification rate. For better prediction of blood pressure, the model built using multiple linear regression analysis, partial least squares regression analysis and multilayer perceptron neural network analysis were used, with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.8036 to 0.9926. Moreover, the best prediction model for blood pressure was established using MLP analysis with an R2¬ higher than 0.91. Thus, changes in blood pressure levels can be tracked non-invasively, and normotension can be distinguished from hypertension or even at different hypertension levels based on the odor information of rat feces, providing a foundation for non-invasive health monitoring. This work might provide potential instructions for functional food research aimed at lowering blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Zhang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Jia Wei
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
- Gannan Yak Milk Research Institute, Gannan 747000, China
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Daniel IK, Njue OM, Sanad YM. Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants. Pathogens 2023; 13:31. [PMID: 38251338 PMCID: PMC10819137 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year in the United States, approximately 48 million people are affected by bacterial illnesses that are transmitted through food, leading to 3000 fatalities. These illnesses typically stem from food animals and their by-products, which may harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. Factors that contribute to contamination include manure used as a soil amendment, exposure to polluted irrigation water, and contact with animals. To improve food safety, researchers are studying pre-slaughter intervention methods to eliminate bacterial contamination in live animals. While small ruminants are vital to global agriculture and income generation for small farms, traditional feeding practices involve supplements and antibiotics to boost performance, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Hence, researchers are looking for friendly bacterial strains that enhance both animal and human health without impacting livestock productivity. The global trend is to minimize the use of antibiotics as feed supplements, with many countries prohibiting or limiting their use. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, therapeutic attributes, and applications of bioactive compounds derived from sweet potato tops (SPTs), rice bran (RB) and radish tops (RTs). This overview provides an insight on plant parts that are abundant in antioxidant and prebiotic effects and could be used as value-added products in animal feed and pharmaceutical applications. This review was based on previous findings that supplementation of basal diets with natural supplements represents a multifaceted intervention that will become highly important over time. By remarkably reducing the burden of foodborne pathogens, they apply to multiple species, are cheap, do not require withdrawal periods, and can be applied at any time in food animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian K. Daniel
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Obadiah M. Njue
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Yasser M. Sanad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Dai Y, Shen Z, Khachatryan LG, Vadiyan DE, Karampoor S, Mirzaei R. Unraveling mechanistic insights into the role of microbiome in neurogenic hypertension: A comprehensive review. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154740. [PMID: 37567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenic hypertension, a complex and multifactorial cardiovascular disorder, is known to be influenced by various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of the gut microbiome in hypertension pathogenesis. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis, has emerged as a crucial mechanism through which the gut microbiota exerts its influence on neuroinflammation, immune responses, and blood pressure regulation. Recent studies have shown how the microbiome has a substantial impact on a variety of physiological functions, such as cardiovascular health. The increased sympathetic activity to the gut may cause microbial dysbiosis, increased permeability of the gut, and increased inflammatory reactions by altering a number of intestinal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the plasma. Collectively, these microbial metabolic and structural compounds stimulate sympathetic stimulation, which may be an important stage in the onset of hypertension. The result is an upsurge in peripheral and central inflammatory response. In addition, it has recently been shown that a link between the immune system and the gut microbiota might play a significant role in hypertension. The therapeutic implications of the gut microbiome including probiotic usage, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurogenic hypertension have also been found. A large body of research suggests that probiotic supplementation might help reduce chronic inflammation and hypertension that have an association with dysbiosis in the gut microbiota. Overall, this review sheds light on the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and neurogenic hypertension, providing valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians. As our knowledge of the microbiome's role in hypertension expands, novel therapeutic strategies and diagnostic biomarkers may pave the way for more effective management and prevention of this prevalent cardiovascular disorder. Exploring the potential of the microbiome in hypertension offers an exciting avenue for future research and offers opportunities for precision medicine and improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusang Dai
- Physical Examination Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Zheng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Lusine G Khachatryan
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, N.F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children's Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Diana E Vadiyan
- Institute of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric, Preventive Dentistry and Orthodontics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Lv J, Wang J, Yu Y, Zhao M, Yang W, Liu J, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang G, Guo L, Zhao H. Alterations of gut microbiota are associated with blood pressure: a cross-sectional clinical trial in Northwestern China. J Transl Med 2023; 21:429. [PMID: 37391847 PMCID: PMC10311887 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gut microbiota (GM) is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension (HTN), and could be affected by various factors, including sex and geography. However, available data directly linking GM to HTN based on sex differences are limited. METHODS This study investigated the GM characteristics in HTN subjects in Northwestern China, and evaluate the associations of GM with blood pressure levels based on sex differences. A total of 87 HTN subjects and 45 controls were recruited with demographic and clinical characteristics documented. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. RESULTS GM diversity was observed higher in females compared to males, and principal coordinate analysis showed an obvious segregation of females and males. Four predominant phyla of fecal GM included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. LEfSe analysis indicated that phylum unidentified_Bacteria was enriched in HTN females, while Leuconostocaceae, Weissella and Weissella_cibaria were enriched in control females (P < 0.05). Functionally, ROC analysis revealed that Cellular Processes (0.796, 95% CI 0.620 ~ 0.916), Human Diseases (0.773, 95% CI 0.595 ~ 0.900), Signal transduction (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) and Two-component system (0.806, 95% CI 0.631 ~ 0.922) could differentiate HTN females as effective functional classifiers, which were also positively correlated with systolic blood pressure levels. CONCLUSIONS This work provides evidence of fecal GM characteristics in HTN females and males in a northwestern Chinese population, further supporting the notion that GM dysbiosis may participate in the pathogenesis of HTN, and the role of sex differences should be considered. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019191. Registered 30 October 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junye Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- Department of Quality Control, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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11
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Han S, Cai L, Chen P, Kuang W. A study of the correlation between stroke and gut microbiota over the last 20years: a bibliometric analysis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1191758. [PMID: 37350780 PMCID: PMC10282156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1191758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study intends to uncover a more thorough knowledge structure, research hotspots, and future trends in the field by presenting an overview of the relationship between stroke and gut microbiota in the past two decades. Method Studies on stroke and gut microbiota correlations published between 1st January 2002 and 31st December 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and then visualized and scientometrically analyzed using CiteSpace V. Results A total of 660 papers were included in the study, among which the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany were the leading research centers. Cleveland Clinic, Southern Medical University, and Chinese Academy of Science were the top three institutions. The NATURE was the most frequently co-cited journal. STANLEY L HAZEN was the most published author, and Tang WHW was the most cited one. The co-occurrence analysis revealed eight clusters (i.e., brain-gut microbiota axis, fecal microbiome transplantation, gut microbiota, hypertension, TMAO, ischemic stroke, neuroinflammation, atopobiosis). "gut microbiota," "Escherichia coli," "cardiovascular disease," "risk," "disease," "ischemic stroke," "stroke," "metabolism," "inflammation," and "phosphatidylcholine" were the most recent keyword explosions. Conclusion Findings suggest that in the next 10 years, the number of publications produced annually may increase significantly. Future research trends tend to concentrate on the mechanisms of stroke and gut microbiota, with the inflammation and immunological mechanisms, TMAO, and fecal transplantation as hotspots. And the relationship between these mechanisms and a particular cardiovascular illness may also be a future research trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Han
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhui Cai
- First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weihong Kuang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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12
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Yang Z, Lin S, Liu Y, Song Z, Ge Z, Fan Y, Chen L, Bi Y, Zhao Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Mao J. Targeting intestinal microecology: potential intervention strategies of traditional Chinese medicine for managing hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1171119. [PMID: 37324472 PMCID: PMC10264781 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1171119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has become one of the major public health problems in the world. At present, the pathogenesis of hypertension has still not been completely elucidated. In recent years, an increasing evidence shows that intestinal microecology is closely related to hypertension, which provides a new thinking for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in the treatment of hypertension. Taking intestinal microecology as the target, it is possible to interpreting the scientific connotation of TCM prevention and treatment of hypertension by updating the treatment concept of hypertension, so as to improve the therapeutic effect. In our study, the clinical evidence for TCM treatment of hypertension was systematicly summarized. And the relationship among TCM, intestinal microecology and hypertension was analyzed. In addition, the methods by which TCM regulates intestinal microecology to prevent and treat hypertension were presented, to provide new research ideas for prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangxi Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Ge
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujian Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingfei Bi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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13
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Park MS, Kim YJ, Shin HJ, Kwon YJ, Chu J, Lee I, Kim KH, Kim BK, Kim SH, Seo HW, Kim TW. Protective Effect of Novel Lactobacillus plantarum KC3 Isolated from Fermented Kimchi on Gut and Respiratory Disorders. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040967. [PMID: 37110390 PMCID: PMC10141104 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects in the gut by directly reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by secreting anti-inflammatory molecules. However, their systemic anti-inflammatory effects have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we aimed to develop probiotics that have efficacy in both intestinal and lung inflammation. Lactobacillus plantarum KC3 (KC3), which was isolated from kimchi, was selected as a pre-candidate based on its inhibitory effects on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. To further validate the effectiveness of KC3, we used ear edema, DSS-induced colitis, and ambient particulate-matter-induced lung inflammation models. First, KC3 exhibited direct anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal cells with the inhibition of IL-1β and TNF-α production. Additionally, KC3 treatment alleviated ear edema and DSS-induced colic inflammation, improving colon length and increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Beyond its local intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, KC3 inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar fluid and prevented neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. These results suggest that KC3 could be a potential functional ingredient with respiratory protective effects against air-pollutant-derived inflammation, as well as for the treatment of local gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seon Park
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jeong Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Biosystems & Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jae Shin
- KT&G Research Institute, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kwon
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeryang Chu
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inock Lee
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kook Kim
- Chong Kun Dang Bio Research Institute (CKDBiO), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwi Won Seo
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 FOUR Program), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34131, Republic of Korea
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Majumdar A, Siva Venkatesh IP, Basu A. Short-Chain Fatty Acids in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Viral Infections. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1045-1062. [PMID: 36868874 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is the umbrella term to include all bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the mammalian body. Evidence from over two centuries describes a significant role of GI microbiome in health and disease states of the host organism. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate that are the physiological forms of acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid respectively, are GI bacteria derived metabolites. SCFAs have been reported to influence cellular function in multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In addition, the inflammation modulating properties of SCFAs make them suitable therapeutic candidates in neuroinflammatory conditions. This review provides a historical background of the GBA and current knowledge of the GI microbiome and role of individual SCFAs in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recently, a few reports have also identified the effects of GI metabolites in the case of viral infections. Among these viruses, the flaviviridae family is associated with neuroinflammation and deterioration of CNS functions. In this context, we additionally introduce SCFA based mechanisms in different viral pathogenesis to understand the former's potential as agents against flaviviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreye Majumdar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
| | | | - Anirban Basu
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122052, India
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15
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Fan Y, Ju T, Bhardwaj T, Korver DR, Willing BP. Week-Old Chicks with High Bacteroides Abundance Have Increased Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Reduced Markers of Gut Inflammation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0361622. [PMID: 36719194 PMCID: PMC10100795 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03616-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As important commensals in the chicken intestine, Bacteroides are essential complex carbohydrate degraders, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers that are highly adapted to the distal gut. Previous studies have shown large variation in Bacteroides abundance in young chickens. However, limited information is available regarding how this variation affects the gut microbiome and host immunity. To investigate how elevated or depleted Bacteroides levels affect gut microbial functional capacity and impact host response, we sampled 7-day-old broiler chickens from 14 commercial production flocks. Week-old broiler chickens were screened and birds with low Bacteroides (LB) and high Bacteroides (HB) abundance were identified via 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays. Cecal microbial functionality and SCFA concentration of chickens with distinct cecal Bacteroides abundance were profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. The intestinal immune responses of LB and HB chickens were assessed via reverse transcription qPCR. Results showed that the gut microbiota of the LB group had increased abundance of lactic acid bacteria pyruvate fermentation pathway, whereas complex polysaccharide degradation and SCFA production pathways were enriched in the HB group (P < 0.05), which was supported by increased SCFA concentrations in the ceca of HB chickens (P < 0.05). HB chickens also showed decreased expression of interleukin-1β and increased expression of interleukin-10 and tight-junction protein claudin-1 (P < 0.05). Overall, the results indicated that elevated Bacteroides may benefit the 7-day broiler gut and that further work should be done to confirm the causal role of Bacteroides in the observed positive outcomes. IMPORTANCE To date, limited information is available comparing distinct Bacteroides compositions in the chicken gut microbial communities, particularly in the context of microbial functional capacities and host responses. This study showed that possessing a microbiome with elevated Bacteroides in early life may confer beneficial effects to the chicken host, particularly in improving SCFA production and gut health. This study is among the first metagenomic studies focusing on the early life chicken gut microbiota structure, microbial functionality, and host immune responses. We believe that it will offer insights to future studies on broiler gut microbial population and their effects on host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tulika Bhardwaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas R. Korver
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Interaction between Butyrate and Tumor Necrosis Factor α in Primary Rat Colonocytes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020258. [PMID: 36830627 PMCID: PMC9953264 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is utilized by the gut epithelium as energy and it improves the gut epithelial barrier. More recently, it has been associated with beneficial effects on immune and cardiovascular homeostasis. Conversely, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory and pro-hypertensive cytokine. While butyrate and TNFα are both linked with hypertension, studies have not yet addressed their interaction in the colon. Here, we investigated the capacity of butyrate to modulate a host of effects of TNFα in primary rodent colonic cells in vitro. We measured ATP levels, cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolytic activity in colonocytes following exposure to either butyrate or TNFα, or both. To address the potential mechanisms, transcripts related to oxidative stress, cell fate, and cell metabolism (Pdk1, Pdk2, Pdk4, Spr, Slc16a1, Slc16a3, Ppargc1a, Cs, Lgr5, Casp3, Tnfr2, Bax, Bcl2, Sod1, Sod2, and Cat) were measured, and untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to profile the metabolic responses of colonocytes following exposure to butyrate and TNFα. We found that both butyrate and TNFα lowered cellular ATP levels towards a quiescent cell energy phenotype, characterized by decreased oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. Co-treatment with butyrate ameliorated TNFα-induced cytotoxicity and the reduction in cell viability. Butyrate also opposed the TNFα-mediated decrease in MMP and mitochondrial-to-intracellular calcium ratios, suggesting that butyrate may protect colonocytes against TNFα-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing mitochondrial calcium flux. The relative expression levels of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4) were increased via co-treatment of butyrate and TNFα, suggesting the synergistic inhibition of glycolysis. TNFα alone reduced the expression of monocarboxylate transporters slc16a1 and slc16a3, suggesting effects of TNFα on butyrate uptake into colonocytes. Of the 185 metabolites that were detected with LC-MS, the TNFα-induced increase in biopterin produced the only significant change, suggesting an alteration in mitochondrial biogenesis in colonocytes. Considering the reports of elevated colonic TNFα and reduced butyrate metabolism in many conditions, including in hypertension, the present work sheds light on cellular interactions between TNFα and butyrate in colonocytes that may be important in understanding conditions of the colon.
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Zhang Q, Meng N, Liu Y, Zhao H, Zhao Z, Hao D, Li R, Han K, Li H, Ma J, Yu X, Qi Z, Li Q. Protection effect of gut microbiota composition and acetate absorption against hypertension-induced damages on the longevity population in Guangxi, China. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1070223. [PMID: 36726815 PMCID: PMC9884688 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1070223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent evidence supports a role for the gut microbe-metabolites in longevity. However, the phenomenon of hypertension is more common in the longevity area and whether hypertension is associated with longevity remains unclear. Here, we hypothesize that the levels of gut microbiota, SCFAs, and urine metabolites were different between hypertension elderly and hypertension longevity. Methods We recruited 46 elderly volunteers from Donglan County, Guangxi, and 32 were selected and included in the experiment. The subjects with hypertension were divided into two groups according to age, Hypertension Elderly (HTE, aged 70.5 ± 8.59, n = 19) and Hypertension Longevity (HTL, aged 100 ± 5.72, n = 13). The gut microbiota, SCFAs, and urine metabolites were determined by three-generation 16S rRNA full-length sequencing, GC-MS, and 1H-NMR, respectively. Results Compared with the HTL group, the HTE group had higher levels of hypertension-related genera Klebsiella and Streptococcus, while having lower levels of the SCFA-producing genera Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. Based on LEFse analysis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus salivarius, Ruminococcus, Actinomyces, Rikenellaceae, f_Saccharimonadaceae, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacteroids, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Parabacteroides, Alistipes were biomarkers that showed significant differences between the groups. In addition, the microbial pathways associated with K. pneumoniae and E. coli may promote hypertension, while A. muciniphila may play a role in reversing the development of hypertension in long-lived elderly. Metabolomics revealed that HTL contained a lower concentration of fecal acetate and propionate than HTE, while it contained a higher concentration of serum acetate and urine acetate. Furthermore, their immune cells exhibited no significant changes in SCFAs receptors. Conclusion Although long-lived elderly have extremely high systolic blood pressure, their unique gut microbiota composition and efficient acetate absorption in the colon may offset the damages caused by hypertension and maintain healthy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinren Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ning Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengtao Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ruiding Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Kunchen Han
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - He Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinke Ma
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,Zhongquan Qi,
| | - Quanyang Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Quanyang Li,
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Kassan M, Kwon Y, Munkhsaikhan U, Sahyoun AM, Ishrat T, Galán M, Gonzalez AA, Abidi AH, Kassan A, Ait-Aissa K. Protective Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids against Ang- II-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Brain Endothelial Cells: A Potential Role of Heme Oxygenase 2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:160. [PMID: 36671022 PMCID: PMC9854784 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the main metabolites released from the gut microbiota, are altered during hypertension and obesity. SCFAs play a beneficial role in the cardiovascular system. However, the effect of SCFAs on cerebrovascular endothelial cells is yet to be uncovered. In this study, we use brain endothelial cells to investigate the in vitro effect of SCFAs on heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) and mitochondrial function after angiotensin II (Ang-II) treatment. METHODS Brain human microvascular endothelial cells were treated with Ang-II (500 nM for 24 h) in the presence and absence of an SCFAs cocktail (1 μM; acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and/or HO-2 inhibitor (SnPP 5 μM). At the end of the treatment, HO-2, endothelial markers (p-eNOS and NO production), inflammatory markers (TNFα, NFκB-p50, and -p65), calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS and H2O2, and mitochondrial respiration were determined in all groups of treated cells. KEY RESULTS Our data showed that SCFAs rescued HO-2 after Ang-II treatment. Additionally, SCFAs rescued Ang-II-induced eNOS reduction and mitochondrial membrane potential impairment and mitochondrial respiration damage. On the other hand, SCFAs reduced Ang-II-induced inflammation, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial ROS, and H2O2. All of the beneficial effects of SCFAs on endothelial cells and mitochondrial function occurred through HO-2. CONCLUSIONS SCFAs treatment restored endothelial cells and mitochondrial function following Ang-II-induced oxidative stress. SCFAs exert these beneficial effects by acting on HO-2. Our results are opening the door for more studies to investigate the effect the of SCFAs/HO-2 axis on hypertension and obesity-induced cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Youngin Kwon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Undral Munkhsaikhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Amal M. Sahyoun
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - María Galán
- Department of Basic Sciences of Health, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Rey Juan Carlos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexis A. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Ammaar H. Abidi
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Department of Bioscience Research and General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, CA 90004, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- College of Dental Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Knoxville, TN 37917, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Zhang Y, Xi Y, Yang C, Gong W, Wang C, Wu L, Wang D. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Attenuate 5-Fluorouracil-Induced THP-1 Cell Inflammation through Inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling via Glycerolphospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020494. [PMID: 36677551 PMCID: PMC9864921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common anti-tumor drug, but there is no effective treatment for its side effect, intestinal mucositis. The inflammatory reaction of macrophages in intestinal mucosa induced by 5-FU is an important cause of intestinal mucositis. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of the three important short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium propionate (NaPc), and sodium butyrate (NaB), on human mononuclear macrophage-derived THP-1 cells induced by 5-FU. The expressions of intracellular ROS, pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the nuclear factor-κB/NLR family and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NF-κB/NLRP3) signaling pathway proteins were determined. Furthermore, the cell metabolites were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics techniques. Our results revealed that the three SCFAs inhibited pro-inflammatory factor expressions, including IL-1β and IL-6, when treated with 5-FU (p < 0.05). The ROS expression and NF-κB activity of 5-FU-treated THP-1 cells were inhibited by the three SCFAs pre-incubated (p < 0.05). Moreover, NLRP3 knockdown abolished 5-FU-induced IL-1β expression (p < 0.05). Further experiments showed that the three SCFAs affected 20 kinds of metabolites that belong to amino acid and phosphatidylcholine metabolism in THP-1 cells. These significantly altered metabolites were involved in amino acid metabolism and glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. It is the first time that three important SCFAs (NaAc, NaPc, and NaB) were identified as inhibiting 5-FU-induced macrophage inflammation through inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathways and regulating glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Medical Laboratory Department, Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an 223022, China
| | - Changshui Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Weijuan Gong
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Chengyin Wang
- Testing Center, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (D.W.)
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Mazziotta C, Tognon M, Martini F, Torreggiani E, Rotondo JC. Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010184. [PMID: 36611977 PMCID: PMC9818925 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and commensal microbes in the human intestine constantly communicate with and react to each other in a stable environment in order to maintain healthy immune activities. Immune system-microbiota cross-talk relies on a complex network of pathways that sustain the balance between immune tolerance and immunogenicity. Probiotic bacteria can interact and stimulate intestinal immune cells and commensal microflora to modulate specific immune functions and immune homeostasis. Growing evidence shows that probiotic bacteria present important health-promoting and immunomodulatory properties. Thus, the use of probiotics might represent a promising approach for improving immune system activities. So far, few studies have been reported on the beneficial immune modulatory effect of probiotics. However, many others, which are mainly focused on their metabolic/nutritional properties, have been published. Therefore, the mechanisms behind the interaction between host immune cells and probiotics have only been partially described. The present review aims to collect and summarize the most recent scientific results and the resulting implications of how probiotic bacteria and immune cells interact to improve immune functions. Hence, a description of the currently known immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in improving the host immune system is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mazziotta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Torreggiani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +39-053-2455-557 (E.T.); +39-053-245-5536 (J.C.R.)
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center for Studies on Gender Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 64/b, Fossato di Mortara Street, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (J.C.R.); Tel.: +39-053-2455-557 (E.T.); +39-053-245-5536 (J.C.R.)
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21
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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22
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Jiang F, Cai M, Peng Y, Li S, Liang B, Ni H, Lin Y. Changes in the gut microbiome of patients with type a aortic dissection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1092360. [PMID: 36910178 PMCID: PMC9992204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of patients with type A aortic dissection (AAD) and provide a theoretical basis for future microbiome-oriented interventional studies. Methods High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on the stool samples of patients with and without (healthy control subjects) AAD. Using alpha and beta diversity analysis, we compared the gut microbiota composition of 20 patients with AAD and 20 healthy controls matched for gender, age, BMI, and geographical region. The accuracy of AAD prediction by differential microbiome was calculated using the random forest machine learning model. Targeted measurement of the plasma concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are the main metabolites of the gut microbiome, was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships of gut microbiome and SCFAs with the clinical characteristics of subjects. Results The differences in gut microbiota alpha diversity between patients with AAD and the healthy controls were not statistically significant (Shannon index: p = 0.19; Chao1: p = 0.4); however, the microbiota composition (beta diversity) was significantly different between the two groups (Anosim, p = 0.001). Bacteroidota was enriched at the phylum level, and the SCFA-producing genera Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcus and inflammation-related genera Fenollaria and Sutterella were enriched at the genus level in the AAD group compared with those in the control group. The random forest model could predict AAD from gut microbiota composition with an accuracy of 87.5% and the area-under-curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.833. The SCFA content of patients with AAD was higher than that of the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). The different microflora and SCFAs were positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the presence of significant differences in the gut microbiome of patients with AAD and healthy controls. The differential microbiome exhibited high predictive potential toward AAD and was positively correlated with inflammatory cytokines. Our results will assist in the development of preventive and therapeutic treatment methods for patients with AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meiling Cai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Provincial Special Reserve Talents Laboratory, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sailan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Department of Physical Examination, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physical Examination, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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23
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Lin H, Chen J, Ma S, An R, Li X, Tan H. The Association between Gut Microbiome and Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Nested Case–Control Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214582. [PMID: 36364844 PMCID: PMC9657571 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with obvious microbiota dysbiosis in the third trimester of pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between the gut microbiome in early pregnancy and PIH occurrence. (2) Methods: A nested case–control study design was used based on the follow-up cohort. Thirty-five PIH patients and thirty-five matched healthy pregnant women were selected as controls. The gut microbiome profiles were assessed in the first trimester using metagenomic sequencing. (3) Results: Diversity analyses showed that microbiota diversity was altered in early pregnancy. At the species level, eight bacterial species were enriched in healthy controls: Alistipes putredinis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Ruminococcus torques, Oscillibacter unclassified, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium citroniae, Parasutterella excrementihominis and Burkholderiales bacterium_1_1_47. Conversely, Eubacterium rectale, and Ruminococcus bromii were enriched in PIH patients. The results of functional analysis showed that the changes in these different microorganisms may affect the blood pressure of pregnant women by affecting the metabolism of vitamin K2, sphingolipid, lipid acid and glycine. (4) Conclusion: Microbiota dysbiosis in PIH patients begins in the first trimester of pregnancy, and this may be associated with the occurrence of PIH. Bacterial pathway analyses suggest that the gut microbiome might lead to the development of PIH through the alterations of function modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Lin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shujuan Ma
- Clinical Research Center for Reproduction and Genetics in Hunan Province, Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.T.)
| | - Rongjing An
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xingli Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (H.T.)
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24
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Association of Gut Microbial Dysbiosis and Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29927. [PMID: 36381851 PMCID: PMC9642844 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent and dangerous cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Recently, its direct or indirect association with gut dysbiosis has been an interest of study for many. It also includes the metabolomic and functional gene changes in hypertensives compared with healthy individuals. This systematic review aims to study quantitative and qualitative interactions between the two and re-defining the heart-gut axis. We have strictly followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 2020, guidelines. We conducted an in-depth search of databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Medline, and ScienceDirect to find relevant studies for our topic of interest. After the final quality check, we included eight articles in the systematic review. A significant difference in richness and diversity in gut microbiota was observed in hypertensive patients compared with healthy controls. There was an increased abundance of many bacteria such as Catabacter, Robinsoleilla, Serratia, Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcus torques, Parasutterella, Escherichia, Shigella, and Klebsiella, while a decreased abundance of Sporobacter, Roseburia hominis, Romboutsia spp., and Roseburia. Alteration of the composition also varied based on diet, age, ethnicity, and severity of HTN. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria are found to be on the lower side in hypertensives owing to the protective property of SCFAs against inflammation, especially butyric acid. From the perspective of metabolomic changes, harmful metabolites for cardiovascular health such as intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), zonulin, sphingomyelins, acylcarnitines, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) were found to be increased in hypertensives. Changes in these biomarkers further establish the relation between gut epithelial health and high blood pressure (BP). Participants affected by diseases have an overall lower rate of acquiring new genes, which results in a low richness of genes in them compared with healthy individuals. There is increased expression of the choline utilization (cutC) gene and reduced expression of genes associated with biosynthesis and transport of amino acids in high-BP participants. The unique changes in the composition of the microbiota, functional changes in genes, and metabolome collectively help for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of HTN and also suggest the gut as a promising new therapeutic target for HTN. To establish a further causal relationship between the two, more research is required.
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Xiao Y, Zhang F, Xu H, Yang C, Song X, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Miao J. Cinnamaldehyde microcapsules enhance bioavailability and regulate intestinal flora in mice. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100441. [PMID: 36132744 PMCID: PMC9483564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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27
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Xu J, Moore BN, Pluznick JL. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021. Hypertension 2022; 79:2127-2137. [PMID: 35912645 PMCID: PMC9458621 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.18558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a, and Olfr78 knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brittni N. Moore
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jennifer L. Pluznick
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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28
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Hu A, Shu X, Huang W, Liu J, Wang B, Zhang R, Yue M, Yang C. Lactobacillus plantarum-derived postbiotics prevent Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunctions by modulating gut-brain axis in mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:946096. [PMID: 35967771 PMCID: PMC9365972 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.946096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are the inactive bacteria and/or metabolites of beneficial microbes which have been recently found to be as effective as their live probiotic. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP)-derived postbiotics on ameliorating Salmonella-induced neurological dysfunctions. Mice were pretreated with LP postbiotics (heat-killed bacteria or the metabolites) or active bacteria, and then challenged with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (ST). Results showed that LP postbiotics, particularly the metabolites, effectively prevented ST infection in mice, as evidenced by the inhibited weight loss, bacterial translocation, and tissue damages. The LP postbiotics markedly suppressed brain injuries and neuroinflammation (the decreased interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, and the increased IL-4 and IL-10). Behavior tests indicated that LP postbiotics, especially the metabolites, protected mice from ST-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment. A significant modulation of neuroactive molecules (5-hydroxytryptamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, dopamine, acetylcholine, and neuropeptide Y) was also found by LP postbiotic pretreatment. Microbiome analysis revealed that LP postbiotics optimized the cecal microbial composition by increasing Helicobacter, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella, and decreasing Mucispirillum, norank_f_Oscillospiraceae, and Eubacterium_siraeum_group. Moreover, LP postbiotics inhibited the reduction of short-chain fatty acids caused by ST infection. Pearson's correlation assays further confirmed the strong relationship of LP postbiotics-mediated benefits and gut microbiota. This study highlights the effectiveness of postbiotics and provide a promising strategy for preventing infection-induced brain disorders by targeting gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixin Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Wang Y, Xiao H, Liu Y, Tong Q, Yu Y, Qi B, Bu X, Pan T, Xing Y. Effects of Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula on the LPS/TLR4 pathway and gut microbiota in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891297. [PMID: 36017323 PMCID: PMC9396283 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in gynecology. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used for the treatment of PCOS in China. The Bu Shen Hua Zhuo formula (BSHZF), a TCM decoction, has shown great therapeutic efficacy in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying the BSHZF function in PCOS remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the potential mechanisms of action of BSHZF in the treatment of PCOS. PCOS-model rats treated with letrozole were administered different doses of BSHZF, metformin, and 1% carboxymethylcellulose. Serum sex hormones, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels were measured, and the morphology of the ovaries was observed in each group, including the normal group. The structure and abundance of the gut microbiota in rats were measured using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phospho-NF-κB p65 levels in the ovarian tissue of the rats were detected using Western blotting. Furthermore, the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in the serum of rats were detected by ELISA. The results showed that BSHZF administration was associated with a decrease in body weight, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and testosterone and changes in ovarian morphology in PCOS-model rats. Moreover, BSHZF was associated with an increase in the α-diversity of gut microbiota, decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and increase in Lactobacillus and short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria (Allobaculum, Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014). Furthermore, BSHZF may promote carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In addition, BSHZF was associated with a decrease in the serum level of LPS and TLR4 expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB signaling-mediated inflammatory response in ovarian tissue. Therefore, the beneficial effects of BSHZF on PCOS pathogenesis are associated with its ability to normalize gut microbiota function and inhibit PCOS-related inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Bu
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Pan
- Department of General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Department of Gynecology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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30
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Sun Y, Wang F, Liu Y, Liu S, An Y, Xue H, Wang J, Xia F, Chen X, Cao Y. Microbiome-metabolome responses of Fuzhuan brick tea crude polysaccharides with immune-protective benefit in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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31
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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32
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Tan J, Li X, Zhu Y, Sullivan MA, Deng B, Zhai X, Lu Y. Antidepressant Shugan Jieyu Capsule Alters Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Microbiome Function in Rats With Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress -Induced Depression. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828595. [PMID: 35770090 PMCID: PMC9234866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Shugan Jieyu Capsule (SG) has been widely used in China to treat mild to moderate depression. Hypericum perforatum L. (St John’s Wort, SJW) is the main ingredient of SG and has been used as herbal medicine to treat depression in western countries. However, it is known that SJW has low bioavailability and does not easily get through the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, how SG plays an antidepressant effect in the central nervous system (CNS) remains an urgent problem to be solved. Mounting research has described the relationship between antidepressants and intestinal microbiota to illuminate antidepressive mechanisms in the CNS. We aimed to investigate the effects of therapy with SG on the function of gut microbiota and intestinal microbiota in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression. The psychophysiological state and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function of rats are evaluated through behavioral experiments, corticosterone levels, serotonin levels, and adrenal index measurements. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing is used to test the changes in gut microbiota and make functional predictions of genes. With treatment of SG, the depression-like behaviors of CUMS-induced rats were reversed; the corticosterone levels and the adrenal index decreased significantly; the level of serotonin increased significantly; and the alpha and beta diversity analysis of microbiota showed an increase in the richness and uniformity of the flora were increased. SG regulated the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Erysipelotrichaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Atopobiaceae, Dubosiella, and Bifidobacterium; Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that Lactobacillaceae (family level), Lactobacillus (genus level), Lactobacillales (order level), Bacilli (class level), and Lactobacillus-reuteri (species level) were biomarkers in the SG group samples, and also likely to modulate metabolic pathways, such as those involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction. These data clearly illustrated the effect of SG on gut microbiome, thus laying the foundation for uncovering more insights on the therapeutic function of the traditional Chinese antidepressants. The potential of SG on mechanisms of antidepression to alter gut microbiota and intestinal microbiome function exposed to CUMS can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mitchell A. Sullivan
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute- University of Queensland, The Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Centre of Precision Drug Use for Major Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Centre of Precision Drug Use for Major Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Zhai, ; Yongning Lu,
| | - Yongning Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Research Centre of Precision Drug Use for Major Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejia Zhai, ; Yongning Lu,
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33
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Wong HJ, Lim WH, Ng CH, Tan DJH, Bonney GK, Kow AWC, Huang DQ, Siddiqui MS, Noureddin M, Syn N, Muthiah MD. Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Gut Microbial Variation in Liver Transplant. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:873523. [PMID: 35620719 PMCID: PMC9127379 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.873523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing liver transplant (LTX) typically confront a challenging postoperative journey. A dysbiotic gut microbiome is associated with the development of complications, including post-LTX allograft rejection, metabolic diseases and de novo or recurrent cancer. A major explanation of this are the bipartite interactions between the gut microbiota and host immunity, which modulates the alloimmune response towards the liver allograft. Furthermore, bacterial translocation from dysbiosis causes pathogenic changes in the concentrations of microbial metabolites like lipopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, with links to cardiovascular disease development and diabetes mellitus. Gut dysbiosis also disrupts bile acid metabolism, with implications for various post-LTX metabolic diseases. Certain taxonomy of microbiota such as lactobacilli, F.prausnitzii and Bacteroides appear to be associated with these undesired outcomes. As such, an interesting but as yet unproven hypothesis exists as to whether induction of a “beneficial” composition of gut microbiota may improve prognosis in LTX patients. Additionally, there are roles of the microbiome as predictive and prognostic indicators for clinicians in improving patient care. Hence, the gut microbiome represents an exceptionally exciting avenue for developing novel prognostic, predictive and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon Jen Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Hui Lim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darren Jun Hao Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn K Bonney
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alfred W C Kow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Transplant Centre, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas Syn
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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34
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Qu L, Dong Z, Ma S, Liu Y, Zhou W, Wang Z, Wu C, Ma R, Jiang X, Zu T, Cheng M, Wu Y. Gut Microbiome Signatures Are Predictive of Cognitive Impairment in Hypertension Patients—A Cohort Study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841614. [PMID: 35464979 PMCID: PMC9024414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that hypertension was associated with dysbiosis of intestinal flora. Since intestinal microbes could critically regulate neurofunction via the intestinal–brain axis, the study aimed to reveal the role and prediction value of intestinal flora alteration in hypertension-associated cognitive impairment. A cohort of 97 participants included 63 hypertension patients and 34 healthy controls. The structure of intestinal flora was analyzed by V3–V4 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale, and 31 patients were considered to have cognitive impairment (MoCA < 26). Patients with cognitive impairment had considerable alterations in intestinal flora structure, composition, and function compared with normal-cognitive patients. In particular, the abundance of LPS-containing taxa (Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia–Shigella) and SCFA-producing taxon (Prevotella) significantly changed in cognition-impaired patients. Tax4Fun predication results showed downregulation of glycan biosynthesis and metabolism in hypertension patients with cognitive impairment. Additionally, the pathway was demonstrated to be significantly correlated with LPS-containing taxa (Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacterales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia–Shigella) and SCFA-producing taxon Prevotella. Furthermore, the taxa-based multiple joint prediction model (9×) was demonstrated to have excellent diagnostic potential for cognitive impairment of hypertension patients (AUC = 0.944). The current study revealed the involvement of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in cognition-impaired hypertension patients and provided an objective predictive index for this cognition disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhouyan Dong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Songcui Ma
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chen Wu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinze Jiang
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tingting Zu
- Clinical Medicine School, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Institute of Health and Disease Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Mei Cheng,
| | - Yulong Wu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Yulong Wu,
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35
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Gut Microbiome and Organ Fibrosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020352. [PMID: 35057530 PMCID: PMC8781069 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process associated with most chronic inflammatory diseases. It is defined by an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and can affect nearly every tissue and organ system in the body. Fibroproliferative diseases, such as intestinal fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, often lead to severe organ damage and are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, for which there are currently no effective therapies available. In the past decade, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the gut microbiome as a major player in the regulation of the innate and adaptive immune system, with severe implications in the pathogenesis of multiple immune-mediated disorders. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been associated with the development and progression of fibrotic processes in various organs and is predicted to be a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis management. In this review we summarize the state of the art concerning the crosstalk between intestinal microbiota and organ fibrosis, address the relevance of diet in different fibrotic diseases and discuss gut microbiome-targeted therapeutic approaches that are current being explored.
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36
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Ahn JR, Lee SH, Kim B, Nam MH, Ahn YK, Park YM, Jeong SM, Park MJ, Song KB, Lee SY, Hong SJ. Ruminococcus gnavus ameliorates atopic dermatitis by enhancing Treg cell and metabolites in BALB/c mice. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13678. [PMID: 34633714 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminococcus gnavus (R. gnavus) are mucin-degrading gut bacteria that play a key role in the early colonization of the gut by serving as endogenous sources of nutrients. They can also influence immune development. We had previously reported a lower abundance of R. gnavus in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared with that in healthy subjects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of orally administered R. gnavus on antibiotic treatment-induced gut dysbiosis (and the underlying mechanism) in a mouse model of AD. METHODS Four-week-old female BALB/C mice were administered antibiotic cocktails for 2 weeks. R. gnavus was orally administered throughout the study duration. At 6 weeks of age, AD was induced by epidermal sensitization with ovalbumin. AD phenotypes and systemic and gut immune responses were investigated. RESULTS Orally administered R. gnavus significantly reduced AD-associated parameters (i.e., transepidermal water loss, clinical score, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, OVA-specific IgE level, and skin inflammation). R. gnavus treatment also resulted in significant downregulation of T helper 2-related cytokine mRNA and upregulation of interleukin (IL)-10 and Foxp3 in the skin. The population of CD4+ FOXP3+ T cells in mesenteric- and skin-draining lymph nodes and butyrate levels in the cecum increased in R. gnavus-administered AD mice. CONCLUSIONS Immune modulation by orally administered R. gnavus may alleviate AD symptoms through the enhancement of regulatory T-cell counts and short-chain fatty acids production in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rin Ahn
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byunghyun Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Nam
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Ahn
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Western Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Mee Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun Baek Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Humidifier Disinfectant Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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37
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Jinnouchi M, Miyahara T, Suzuki Y. Coix Seed Consumption Affects the Gut Microbiota and the Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Profiles of Healthy Male Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114079. [PMID: 34836336 PMCID: PMC8618347 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic examination of the effects of traditional herbal medicines including their mechanisms could allow for their effective use and provide opportunities to develop new medicines. Coix seed has been suggested to promote spontaneous regression of viral skin infection. Purified oil from coix seed has also been suggested to increase the peripheral CD4+ lymphocytes. We, herein, attempt to shed more light on the way through which coix seed affects the human systemic immune function by hypothesizing that a central role to these changes could be played through changes in the gut microbiota. To that end, healthy adult males (n = 19) were divided into two groups; 11 of them consumed cooked coix seed (160 g per day) for 7 days (intervention), while the other eight were given no intervention. One week of coix seed consumption lead to an increase of the intestinal Faecalibacterium abundance and of the abundance (as % presence of overall peripheral lymphocytes) of CD3+CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD4+CD25+ cells, and naïve/memory T cell ratio. As the relationship of microbiota and skin infection has not been clarified, our findings could provide a clue to a mechanism through which coix seed could promote the spontaneous regression of viral skin infections.
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38
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Maruyama S, Segawa Y, Hashimoto H, Kitamura S, Kimura M, Osera T, Kurihara N. Role of alginate in the mechanism by which brown seaweed Saccharina japonica intake alleviates an increase in blood pressure in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovascular hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 44:72-82. [PMID: 34724868 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1991943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intake of Saccharina japonica (SJ), a widely consumed brown seaweed, has been reported to decrease blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. It has been suggested that this effect is related to an increase in fecal sodium excretion (SE) by alginate (Alg) to the gastrointestinal tract; however, the mechanism is still unclear. This study investigated how different seaweeds with different amounts of Alg suppressed BP increase and enhanced fecal SE in 2-kidney, 1-clip renovascular hypertensive (2K1C) rats given SJ diet. METHODS Rats with 2K1C or sham operation were fed a normal-/high-salt diet with some kinds of seaweeds (5.0%, w/w) or SJ extract with different Alg contents for 6 weeks. We measured systolic BP every week and mean arterial pressure at the end, and measured the total and molecular weights of Alg in each seaweed. Then, we evaluated the relationship of the Alg amount in each seaweed with the suppression of BP increase in 2K1C rats. Finally, urinary and fecal SE for 24 h was measured. RESULTS The intake of SJ, SJ extract, Saccharina ochotensis (SO) blades and SO roots suppressed BP increase in 2K1C rats, but the strength was not proportional to the amounts of Alg contained in the seaweeds. Although SJ intake increased fecal SE in 2K1C rats fed a high-salt diet, the fecal SE was much less than urinary SE. CONCLUSION The sodium excretion in feces by Alg in SJ may not be one of the major mechanisms by which SJ intake attenuates hypertension in 2K1C rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Maruyama
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukiko Segawa
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan.,Cookery and Confectionery, Osaka Seikei College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Hashimoto
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan.,Nutrition, Osaka Seikei College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Kitamura
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mariko Kimura
- Faculty of Home Economics, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoko Osera
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan.,Nutrition and Health Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Kurihara
- Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
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39
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Alhajri N, Khursheed R, Ali MT, Abu Izneid T, Al-Kabbani O, Al-Haidar MB, Al-Hemeiri F, Alhashmi M, Pottoo FH. Cardiovascular Health and The Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem: The Impact of Cardiovascular Therapies on The Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2013. [PMID: 34683334 PMCID: PMC8541580 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become evident over the past several years that the intestinal microbial ecosystem plays a critical role in the development and prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota ecosystem functions as a major virtual endocrine organ that interacts and responds to molecules' signals within the host. Several meta-organismal pathways are involved in the gut-host interaction, including trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Host phenotype and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) varying from hypertension, insulin resistance, and obesity to more specific inflammatory processes, such as atherosclerosis and hypercoagulability, have shown to be affected by the gut-host interaction. Additionally, several studies that involved animals and humans demonstrated a striking connection between the development of new CVDs and an imbalance in the gut microbiota composition along with the presence of their derived metabolites. Through this review article, we aim to evaluate the role of the normal gut microbiota ecosystem, its association with CVDs, effects of the therapies used to control and manage CVDs in the gut microbiota environment and explore potential therapeutic interventions to amplify disease outcomes in patients with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Alhajri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (O.A.-K.); (M.B.A.-H.); (F.A.-H.); (M.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 11001, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rubiya Khursheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144403, India;
| | - Mohammad Taher Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.A.); (F.H.P.)
| | - Tareq Abu Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112612, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Oumaima Al-Kabbani
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (O.A.-K.); (M.B.A.-H.); (F.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahdia B. Al-Haidar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (O.A.-K.); (M.B.A.-H.); (F.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Fatima Al-Hemeiri
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (O.A.-K.); (M.B.A.-H.); (F.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Alhashmi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (O.A.-K.); (M.B.A.-H.); (F.A.-H.); (M.A.)
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (M.T.A.); (F.H.P.)
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Hua M, Liu Z, Sha J, Li S, Dong L, Sun Y. Effects of ginseng soluble dietary fiber on serum antioxidant status, immune factor levels and cecal health in healthy rats. Food Chem 2021; 365:130641. [PMID: 34325349 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As an important component of ginseng, the in vivo benefits of ginseng water-soluble dietary fiber (ginseng-SDF) have not been fully revealed. To explore these benefits, healthy rats were given ginseng-SDF (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight/day) by gavage for 15 days. The results showed that ginseng-SDF significantly improved the rats' growth performance and serum antioxidant status. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1 and IGF-2) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, and IgG) levels in the ginseng-SDF groups were increased. High-dose ginseng-SDF significantly increased the cecal butyric acid proportion compared with the K group. Ginseng-SDF increased the abundance of Firmicutes and promoted the proliferation of probiotics such as Lactobacillus, and cellulose decomposers such as Ruminococcus and Clostridium in cecal microflora. These altered microflora were correlated with growth performance, antioxidant status and immunoglobulin indexes. The above results suggested that ginseng-SDF might have positive effects on growth, oxidative-immune levels and cecal health in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Zhengbo Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiyue Sha
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Lina Dong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinshi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112 Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Yang S, Li D, Yu Z, Li Y, Wu M. Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709629. [PMID: 34305616 PMCID: PMC8299362 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are major public health issues worldwide that seriously threaten human health. Exploring effective natural product-based drugs is a promising strategy for the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. In view of its low bioavailability, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may serve as a target for the multifunctional effects of BBR. Under the pathological conditions of AS and metabolic diseases, BBR improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation induced by gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, BBR reverses or induces structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota and regulates gut microbe-dependent metabolites as well as related downstream pathways; this improves glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. These findings at least partly explain the effect of BBR on AS and metabolic diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the research progress of BBR and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota, to reveal the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the multifunctional biological effects of BBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongliang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang’an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Potential benefits of high-added-value compounds from aquaculture and fish side streams on human gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liao JX, Chen YW, Shih MK, Tain YL, Yeh YT, Chiu MH, Chang SKC, Hou CY. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5273. [PMID: 34067838 PMCID: PMC8156118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal-fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4-8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p < 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut-liver axis in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xian Liao
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, 812301 No.1, Songhe Rd., Xiaogang Dist., Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan; (Y.-T.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 92849, Taiwan
| | - Sam K. C. Chang
- Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory, Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Pascagoula, MS 39567, USA;
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
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Boshuizen B, Moreno de Vega CV, De Maré L, de Meeûs C, de Oliveira JE, Hosotani G, Gansemans Y, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Delesalle C. Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Untrained Healthy Horses. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:642809. [PMID: 33912605 PMCID: PMC8072273 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.642809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aleurone, a layer of the bran fraction, is deemed to be responsible for the positive health effects associated with the consumption of whole-grain products. Studies on rodents, pigs, and humans report beneficial effects of aleurone in five main areas: the reduction of oxidative stress, immunomodulatory effects, modulation of energy management, digestive health, and the storage of vitamins and minerals. Our study is the first aleurone supplementation study performed in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an increase in the dose levels of aleurone on the postprandial glucose-insulin metabolism and the gut microbiome in untrained healthy horses. Seven adult Standardbred horses were supplemented with four different dose levels of aleurone (50, 100, 200, and 400 g/day for 1 week) by using a Latin square model with a 1-week wash out in between doses. On day 7 of each supplementation week, postprandial blood glucose-insulin was measured and fecal samples were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed and QIIME2 software was used for microbiome analysis. Microbial community function was assessed by using the predictive metagenome analysis tool Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and using the Metacyc database of metabolic pathways. The relative abundancies of a pathway were analyzed by using analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) in R. There was a significant dose-dependent increase in the postprandial time to peak of glucose (p = 0.030), a significant delay in the time to peak of insulin (p = 0.025), and a significant decrease in both the insulin peak level (p = 0.049) and insulin area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.019) with increasing dose levels of aleurone, with a consideration of 200 g being the lowest significant dose. Alpha diversity and beta diversity of the fecal microbiome showed no significant changes. Aleurone significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Roseburia, Shuttleworthia, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacter, and Succinovibrionaceae. The most pronounced changes in the relative abundance at phyla level were seen in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (downregulation) and Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes (upregulation). The PICRUSt analysis shows that aleurone induces a downregulation of the degradation of L-glutamate and taurine and an upregulation of the three consecutive pathways of the phospholipid membrane synthesis of the Archaea domain. The results of this study suggest a multimodal effect of aleurone on glucose-insulin metabolism, which is most likely to be caused by its effect on feed texture and subsequent digestive processing; and a synergistic effect of individual aleurone components on the glucose-insulin metabolism and microbiome composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Boshuizen
- Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, Netherlands
| | - Carmen Vidal Moreno de Vega
- Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lorie De Maré
- Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Small Animals and Horses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Constance de Meeûs
- Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Yannick Gansemans
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Catherine Delesalle
- Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Liang X, Liu T, Yi H, Gong P, Wang L, Yang W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang L, Shi H. Konjac glucomannan with probiotics acts as a combination laxative to relieve constipation in mice by increasing short-chain fatty acid metabolism and 5-hydroxytryptamine hormone release. Nutrition 2020; 84:111112. [PMID: 33454530 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Various probiotics and natural products can help to relieve constipation. This study aimed to explore the constipation-relieving effects and potential mechanism of a combination laxative of konjac glucomannan and probiotics. METHODS This study evaluated the gastrointestinal-tract viability of probiotics in vitro. A constipation model was constructed in BALB/c mice, and the efficacies of the combinations verified in terms of their bowel movement-promoting effects, including the first black-stool defecation time and gastrointestinal transit rates of mice. Colonization by the probiotics was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, gas chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot were also used for analysis. RESULTS Lactobacillus paracasei X11 (X11) and L. casei YRL577 (YRL577) had outstanding gastrointestinal-tract viability. Konjac glucomannan (KGM) + X11, Prunus persica + X11, and Prunus persica + YRL577 significantly relieved constipation. In addition, KGM promoted the colonization of X11. Meanwhile, KGM + X11 effectively promoted the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids in mice better than other combinations, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content in the KGM + X11 group was the highest among all the groups. Therefore, KGM + X11 was selected for further research. The combination laxative promoted the secretion of 5-HT, up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of 5-HT receptor 4 and serotonin transporter via the 5-HT pathway, and effectively relieved constipation. CONCLUSIONS The combination laxative konjac glucomannan-probiotic (KGM + X11) promoted defecation in constipated mice, possibly by increasing short-chain fatty acid metabolism and 5-HT hormone release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingli Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanping Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery/Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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