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Ismail SA, Fayed B, Abdelhameed RM, Hassan AA. Chitinase-functionalized UiO-66 framework nanoparticles active against multidrug-resistant Candida Auris. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:269. [PMID: 39030474 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida auris (C. auris) is a yeast that has caused several outbreaks in the last decade. Cell wall chitin plays a primary role in the antifungal resistance of C. auris. Herein, we investigated the potential of chitinase immobilized with UiO-66 to act as a potent antifungal agent against C. auris. Chitinase was produced from Talaromyces varians SSW3 in a yield of 8.97 U/g dry substrate (ds). The yield was statistically enhanced to 120.41 U/g ds by using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design. We synthesized a UiO-66 framework that was characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, a particle size analyzer, and a zeta sizer. The produced framework had a size of 70.42 ± 8.43 nm with a uniform cubic shape and smooth surface. The produced chitinase was immobilized on UiO-66 with an immobilization yield of 65% achieved after a 6 h loading period. The immobilization of UiO-66 increased the enzyme activity and stability, as indicated by the obtained Kd and T1/2 values. Furthermore, the hydrolytic activity of chitinase was enhanced after immobilization on UiO-66, with an increase in the Vmax and a decrease in the Km of 2- and 38-fold, respectively. Interestingly, the antifungal activity of the produced chitinase was boosted against C. auris by loading the enzyme on UiO-66, with an MIC50 of 0.89 ± 0.056 U/mL, compared to 5.582 ± 0.57 U/mL for the free enzyme. This study offers a novel promising alternative approach to combat the new emerging pathogen C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Reda M Abdelhameed
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, 33 El Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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de Miranda LHM, Santiago MDA, Frankenfeld J, dos Reis EG, Menezes RC, Pereira SA, Gremião IDF, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Conceição-Silva F. Neutrophil Oxidative Burst Profile Is Related to a Satisfactory Response to Itraconazole and Clinical Cure in Feline Sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:422. [PMID: 38921408 PMCID: PMC11205038 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of Sporothrix, studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti-Sporothrix immunity has been little explored in cats. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the neutrophil oxidative burst in the blood of cats with sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis included in the study were treated with itraconazole (ITZ) alone or combined with potassium iodide (KI). The neutrophil oxidative burst was evaluated through a flow-cytometry-based assay using dihydrorhodamine 123 (background) and stimulation with Zymosan and heat-killed Sporothrix yeasts. The cure rate was 50.0% in cats under treatment with ITZ monotherapy and 90.9% in cats treated with ITZ + KI (p = 0.014), endorsing the combination therapy as an excellent alternative for the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. Higher percentages of Sporothrix-stimulated neutrophils were associated with good general condition (p = 0.003). Higher percentages of Sporothrix- (p = 0.05) and Zymosan-activated (p = 0.014) neutrophils before and early in the treatment were related to clinical cure in ITZ-treated cats. The correlation between oxidative burst and successful use of KI could not be properly assessed given the low number of failures (n = 2) in this treatment group. Nasal mucosa involvement, typically linked to treatment failure, was related to lower percentages of activated neutrophils in the background at the treatment outcome (p = 0.02). Our results suggest a beneficial role of neutrophils in feline sporotrichosis and a positive correlation between neutrophil activation and the cure process in ITZ-treated cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Helena Monteiro de Miranda
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (M.d.A.S.); (F.C.-S.)
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (E.G.d.R.); (R.C.M.); (S.A.P.); (I.D.F.G.)
| | - Marta de Almeida Santiago
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (M.d.A.S.); (F.C.-S.)
| | - Julia Frankenfeld
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Facility, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.F.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Erica Guerino dos Reis
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (E.G.d.R.); (R.C.M.); (S.A.P.); (I.D.F.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Caldas Menezes
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (E.G.d.R.); (R.C.M.); (S.A.P.); (I.D.F.G.)
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (E.G.d.R.); (R.C.M.); (S.A.P.); (I.D.F.G.)
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (E.G.d.R.); (R.C.M.); (S.A.P.); (I.D.F.G.)
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Facility, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.F.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Fátima Conceição-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil; (M.d.A.S.); (F.C.-S.)
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Yang C, Li G, Zhang Q, Bai W, Li Q, Zhang P, Zhang J. Histone deacetylase Sir2 promotes the systemic Candida albicans infection by facilitating its immune escape via remodeling the cell wall and maintaining the metabolic activity. mBio 2024; 15:e0044524. [PMID: 38682948 PMCID: PMC11237532 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00445-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation affects Candida albicans (C. albicans) pathogenicity by modulating virulence factor expression and DNA damage. The histone deacetylase Sir2 is associated with C. albicans plasticity and maintains genome stability to help C. albicans adapt to various environmental niches. However, whether Sir2-mediated chromatin modification affects C. albicans virulence is unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of Sir2 on C. albicans pathogenicity and regulation. Here, we report that Sir2 is required for C. albicans pathogenicity, as its deletion affects the survival rate, fungal burden in different organs and the extent of tissue damage in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. We evaluated the impact of Sir2 on C. albicans virulence factors and revealed that the Sir2 null mutant had an impaired ability to adhere to host cells and was more easily recognized by the innate immune system. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the disruption of C. albicans adhesion was due to a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity rather than the differential expression of adhesion genes on the cell wall. In addition, Sir2 affects the distribution and exposure of mannan and β-glucan on the cell wall, indicating that Sir2 plays a role in preventing the immune system from recognizing C. albicans. Interestingly, our results also indicated that Sir2 helps C. albicans maintain metabolic activity under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 contributes to C. albicans colonization at hypoxic sites. In conclusion, our findings provide detailed insights into antifungal targets and a useful foundation for the development of antifungal drugs. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most common opportunistic fungal pathogen and can cause various superficial infections and even life-threatening systemic infections. To successfully propagate infection, this organism relies on the ability to express virulence-associated factors and escape host immunity. In this study, we demonstrated that the histone deacetylase Sir2 helps C. albicans adhere to host cells and escape host immunity by mediating cell wall remodeling; as a result, C. albicans successfully colonized and invaded the host in vivo. In addition, we found that Sir2 contributes to carbon utilization under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that Sir2 is important for C. albicans survival and the establishment of infection in hypoxic environments. In summary, we investigated the role of Sir2 in regulating C. albicans pathogenicity in detail; these findings provide a potential target for the development of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingiqng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Qu Z, Ren X, Du Z, Hou J, Li Y, Yao Y, An Y. Fusarium mycotoxins: The major food contaminants. MLIFE 2024; 3:176-206. [PMID: 38948146 PMCID: PMC11211685 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites produced by toxicogenic fungi, are natural food toxins that cause acute and chronic adverse reactions in humans and animals. The genus Fusarium is one of three major genera of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone are the major Fusarium mycotoxins that occur worldwide. Fusarium mycotoxins have the potential to infiltrate the human food chain via contamination during crop production and food processing, eventually threatening human health. The occurrence and development of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination will change with climate change, especially with variations in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide concentration. To address these challenges, researchers have built a series of effective models to forecast the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and provide guidance for crop production. Fusarium mycotoxins frequently exist in food products at extremely low levels, thus necessitating the development of highly sensitive and reliable detection techniques. Numerous successful detection methods have been developed to meet the requirements of various situations, and an increasing number of methods are moving toward high-throughput features. Although Fusarium mycotoxins cannot be completely eliminated, numerous agronomic, chemical, physical, and biological methods can lower Fusarium mycotoxin contamination to safe levels during the preharvest and postharvest stages. These theoretical innovations and technological advances have the potential to facilitate the development of comprehensive strategies for effectively managing Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhaolin Du
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Jie Hou
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Ye Li
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yi An
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
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Ma Q, Pradhan A, Leaves I, Hickey E, Roselletti E, Dambuza I, Larcombe DE, de Assis LJ, Wilson D, Erwig LP, Netea MG, Childers DS, Brown GD, Gow NA, Brown AJ. Impact of secreted glucanases upon the cell surface and fitness of Candida albicans during colonisation and infection. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100128. [PMID: 38938582 PMCID: PMC11208952 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Host recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), β-1,3-glucan, plays a major role in antifungal immunity. β-1,3-glucan is an essential component of the inner cell wall of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Most β-1,3-glucan is shielded by the outer cell wall layer of mannan fibrils, but some can become exposed at the cell surface. In response to host signals such as lactate, C. albicans shaves the exposed β-1,3-glucan from its cell surface, thereby reducing the ability of innate immune cells to recognise and kill the fungus. We have used sets of barcoded xog1 and eng1 mutants to compare the impacts of the secreted β-glucanases Xog1 and Eng1 upon C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry of Fc-dectin-1-stained strains revealed that Eng1 plays the greater role in lactate-induced β-1,3-glucan masking. Transmission electron microscopy and stress assays showed that neither Eng1 nor Xog1 are essential for cell wall maintenance, but the inactivation of either enzyme compromised fungal adhesion to gut and vaginal epithelial cells. Competitive barcode sequencing suggested that neither Eng1 nor Xog1 strongly influence C. albicans fitness during systemic infection or vaginal colonisation in mice. However, the deletion of XOG1 enhanced C. albicans fitness during gut colonisation. We conclude that both Eng1 and Xog1 exert subtle effects on the C. albicans cell surface that influence fungal adhesion to host cells and that affect fungal colonisation in certain host niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinxi Ma
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Arnab Pradhan
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ian Leaves
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Emer Hickey
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Elena Roselletti
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ivy Dambuza
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Daniel E. Larcombe
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Leandro Jose de Assis
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Duncan Wilson
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Lars P. Erwig
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Delma S. Childers
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Neil A.R. Gow
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Alistair J.P. Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Sharma G, Sharma R. Novel spiro[indoline-3,2'thiazolo[5,4-e]pyrimido[1,2-a] pyrimidine] derivatives as possible anti-dermatophytic and anti-candidiasis agent. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:180-186. [PMID: 38940208 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A novel series of 5'-benzylidene-3'-phenylspiro[indoline-3,2'-thiazolidine]-2,4'(1H)-diones 6a-d and spiro[indoline-3,2'-thiazolo[5,4-e]pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidin]-2(1H)-one 9a-d derivatives have been synthesized. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for antifungal and anti-candidiasis activity by using Disc Diffusion and Modified Microdilution methods. The antimicrobial experiments have shown that the synthesized compounds demonstrated broad-spectrum antifungal activity in vitro. Among them, compounds 9a-9d had stronger antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Candida albicans; compounds 6a-d also showed significant antifungal activity against selected fungal strains as compared to ketoconazole, the reference antifungal drug. The evaluation of antifungal activity against drug-resistant fungal variants showed that the designed compounds had significant antifungal activity against the tested variants. The combination of compounds (6a-d) and (9a-d) exhibited that the synthesized compounds had synergistic effects or additive effects. These results demonstrated that the synthesized compounds were putative chitin synthase inhibitors exhibiting broad spectrum antifungal activities. The present results indicate that novel spiro pyrimidine derivatives can be used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for novel drug candidate for treatment of dermatophytosis and other fungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, MPS International, Jaipur, India
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Science and Technology
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Younes AH, Mustafa YF. Plant-Derived Coumarins: A Narrative Review of Their Structural and Biomedical Diversity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400344. [PMID: 38587035 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived coumarin (PDC) is a naturally occurring heterocyclic backbone that belongs to the benzopyrone family. PDC and its based products are characterized by low toxicity and high distribution in a variety of herbal treatments that have numerous therapeutic potentials. These include anticoagulants, antibacterials, anti-inflammatory agents, anticancer agents, antioxidants, and others. So, it may be appropriate to investigate the qualities and potential bioactivities of PDCs. This article provides an overview of the biomedical potentials, availability, and clinical use possibilities of PDCs, with a focus on their important modes of action, using information on various pharmacological qualities discovered. The data used in this study came from published research between 2015 and 2023. We reviewed a selection of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, during that period. In conclusion, because of their abundance in medicinal plants, the clinical biochemistry attributes of PDCs are currently of interest. In a variety of medical specialties, PDCs serve a useful role as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej Hazem Younes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Diao R, Huo X, Zhao Q. The practice and evaluation of antifungal stewardship programs at a tertiary first-class hospital in China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:506. [PMID: 38773459 PMCID: PMC11106957 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sharp increase in fungal infections, insufficient diagnostic and treatment capabilities for fungal infections, poor prognosis of patients with fungal infections as well as the increasing drug resistance of fungi are serious clinical problems. It is necessary to explore the implementation and evaluation methods of antifungal stewardship (AFS) to promote the standardized use of antifungal drugs. METHODS The AFS programme was implemented at a tertiary first-class hospital in China using a plan-do-check-act (PDCA) quality management tool. A baseline investigation was carried out to determine the utilization of antifungal drugs in pilot hospitals, analyse the existing problems and causes, and propose corresponding solutions. The AFS programme was proposed and implemented beginning in 2021, and included various aspects, such as team building, establishment of regulations, information construction, prescription review and professional training. The management effectiveness was recorded from multiple perspectives, such as the consumption of antifungal drugs, the microbial inspection rate of clinical specimens, and the proportion of rational prescriptions. The PDCA management concept was used for continuous improvement to achieve closed-loop management. RESULTS In the first year after the implementation of the AFS programme, the consumption cost, use intensity and utilization rate of antifungal drugs decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The proportion of rational antifungal drug prescriptions markedly increased, with the proportion of prescriptions with indications increasing from 86.4% in 2019 to 97.0% in 2022, and the proportion of prescriptions with appropriate usage and dosage increased from 51.9 to 87.1%. In addition, after the implementation of the AFS programme, physicians' awareness of the need to complete microbial examinations improved, and the number of fungal cultures and serological examinations increased substantially. Statistics from drug susceptibility tests revealed a decrease in the resistance rate of Candida to fluconazole. CONCLUSION This study indicated that the combination of AFS and the PDCA cycle could effectively reduce antifungal consumption and promote the rational use of antifungal drugs, providing a reference for other health care systems to reduce the overuse of antifungal drugs and delay the progression of fungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruigang Diao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xuechen Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China.
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9
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Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Tennakoon DS, Jayatunga DPW, Hongsanan S, Xie N. Humans vs. Fungi: An Overview of Fungal Pathogens against Humans. Pathogens 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38787278 PMCID: PMC11124197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Human fungal diseases are infections caused by any fungus that invades human tissues, causing superficial, subcutaneous, or systemic diseases. Fungal infections that enter various human tissues and organs pose a significant threat to millions of individuals with weakened immune systems globally. Over recent decades, the reported cases of invasive fungal infections have increased substantially and research progress in this field has also been rapidly boosted. This review provides a comprehensive list of human fungal pathogens extracted from over 850 recent case reports, and a summary of the relevant disease conditions and their origins. Details of 281 human fungal pathogens belonging to 12 classes and 104 genera in the divisions ascomycota, basidiomycota, entomophthoromycota, and mucoromycota are listed. Among these, Aspergillus stands out as the genus with the greatest potential of infecting humans, comprising 16 species known to infect humans. Additionally, three other genera, Curvularia, Exophiala, and Trichophyton, are recognized as significant genera, each comprising 10 or more known human pathogenic species. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of human fungal pathogens was performed to show their phylogenetic relationships and clarify their taxonomies. In addition, this review summarizes the recent advancements in fungal disease diagnosis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun M. Thambugala
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (K.M.T.); (D.P.W.J.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinushani A. Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya 11300, Sri Lanka;
| | - Danushka S. Tennakoon
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China;
| | - Dona Pamoda W. Jayatunga
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (K.M.T.); (D.P.W.J.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
- Center for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Sinang Hongsanan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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El-Sheekh MM, Yousuf WE, Mohamed TM, Kenawy ER. Synergistic antimicrobial action of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite against pathogenic microorganisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131737. [PMID: 38657940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge in curiosity regarding the application of biopolymer-derived nanomaterials, primarily attributable to their extensive array of potential applications. In this study, nanocellulose was extracted from algae, biomolecule substances synthesized selenium nanoparticles, and a simple nanocomposite of nanocellulose and nanoselenium was elaborated using nanocellulose as a reducing agent under hydrothermal conditions. These nanocomposite materials have markedly improved properties at low concentrations. Our obtained polymers were characterized using techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopic (TEM), Zeta Potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The size of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite ranged from 35 to 85 nm. Antimicrobial investigation of the prepared nanopolymers was tested against Gram-negative bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274 and fungi such as Candida albicans ATCC 10221 besides Aspergillus fumigatus. In antibacterial action tests, nanoselenium showed significant efficacy against Bacillus subtilis with a 12 mm zone of inhibition, while the nanocomposite eclipsed all microorganisms. Nanocellulose and the nanocomposite were potent against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm and 16 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). The nanocomposite showed potential against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm and 15 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). All polymers effectively inhibited Candida albicans growth (18 mm for the nanocomposite). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for three polymers have also been established. While nanocellulose displayed a MIC of 62.5 μg/ml in contradiction to Staphylococcus aureus, nanoselenium demonstrated a significant MIC of 3.95 μg/ml against Bacillus subtilis. These findings highlight the potential of the nanocomposite (nanocellulose-nanoselenium) as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Wesam E Yousuf
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - El-Refaie Kenawy
- Polymer Research Group Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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11
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Biyun L, Yahui H, Yuanfang L, Xifeng G, Dao W. Risk factors for invasive fungal infections after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:601-610. [PMID: 38280518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are common infectious complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), seriously threatening the survival of patients. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to investigate risk factors associated with IFIs following HSCT. METHODS Two authors independently conducted the selection of studies and extraction of data. Risk factors for IFIs, invasive aspergillosis or invasive mould infections and invasive candida infection after HSCT were compiled separately by meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 and R language 4.1.2. DATA SOURCES Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library until April 2023. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Case-control or cohort studies that assessed risk factors for IFIs among HSCT recipients were included. PARTICIPANTS Patients experiencing HSCT. TEST/S None. REFERENCE STANDARD The IFIs were defined according to the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, or a similar definition. ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS A modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used. METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS A random-effects model with the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool results from primary studies. RESULTS Out of 1637 studies screened, 51 studies involving 109 155 patients were included, with 45 studies providing adequate data for meta-analysis. Identified risk factors for IFIs included prolonged neutropenia, intensified therapy for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), previous transplantation, previous proven or probable IFI, acute GVHD ≥ grade II, extensive or severe chronic GVHD, use of anti-thymocyte globulin during transplantation, haploidentical transplantation, high-dose glucocorticoids, Epstein-Barr virus infection, cytomegalovirus infection or reactivation, and lower albumin. Conversely, antifungal prophylaxis emerged as the sole preventive factor. For invasive aspergillosis or invasive mould infections, the top risk factors were extensive or severe chronic GVHD, respiratory viral infection, high-dose glucocorticoids, acute GVHD ≥ grade II, and human leukocyte antigen mismatch. Cord blood transplantation was the sole significant risk factor for invasive candidiasis. However, there was likely a high degree of interdependence among various risk factors. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis provides a thorough review of risk factors for IFIs infection after HSCT. The achieved insights can aid in stratifying patients who are at an elevated risk of IFIs and promoting antifungal preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Biyun
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Yahui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yuanfang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guo Xifeng
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wang Dao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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12
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Rabaan AA, Alfouzan WA, Garout M, Halwani MA, Alotaibi N, Alfaresi M, Al Kaabi NA, Almansour ZH, Bueid AS, Yousuf AA, Eid HMA, Alissa M. Antifungal drug discovery for targeting Candida albicans morphogenesis through structural dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38634700 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2332507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In response to the escalating threat of drug-resistant fungi to human health, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies. Our focus is on addressing this challenge by exploring a previously untapped target, yeast casein kinase (Yck2), as a potential space for antifungal development. To identify promising antifungal candidates, we conducted a thorough screening of the diverse-lib drug-like molecule library, comprising 99,288 molecules. Five notable drug-like compounds with diverse-lib IDs 24334243, 24342416, 17516746, 17407455, and 24360740 were selected based on their binding energy scores surpassing 11 Kcal/mol. Our investigation delved into the interaction studies and dynamic stability of these compounds. Remarkably, all selected molecules demonstrated acceptable RMSD values during the 200 ns simulation, indicating their stable nature. Further analysis through Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based Free Energy Landscape (FEL) revealed minimal energy transitions for most compounds, signifying dynamic stability. Notably, the two compounds exhibited slightly different behaviour in terms of energy transitions. These findings mark a significant breakthrough in the realm of antifungal drugs against C. albicans by targeting the Yck2 protein. However, it is crucial to note that additional experimental validation is imperative to assess the efficacy of these molecules as potential antifungal candidates. This study serves as a promising starting point for further exploration and development in the quest for effective antifungal solutions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Wadha A Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Farwania Hospital, Farwania, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alotaibi
- Clinical pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference laboratory, Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawal A Al Kaabi
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab H Almansour
- Biological Science Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Bueid
- Microbiology Laboratory, King Faisal General Hospital, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A Yousuf
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M A Eid
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Koga S, Takazono T, Namie H, Okuno D, Ito Y, Nakada N, Hirayama T, Takeda K, Ide S, Iwanaga N, Tashiro M, Sakamoto N, Watanabe A, Izumikawa K, Yanagihara K, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibit antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and other filamentous fungi. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361423. [PMID: 38426765 PMCID: PMC10986472 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03614-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and mucormycosis are life-threatening diseases, especially among immunocompromised patients. Drug-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus strains have been isolated worldwide, which can pose a serious clinical problem. As IA mainly occurs in patients with compromised immune systems, the ideal therapeutic approach should aim to bolster the immune system. In this study, we focused on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that exhibit immune effector functions and examined the possibility of harnessing this unconventional T cell subset as a novel therapeutic modality for IA. A potent antifungal effect was observed when A. fumigatus (Af293) hyphae were challenged by Vγ9Vδ2 T cells derived from peripheral blood. In addition, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibited antifungal activity against hyphae of all Aspergillus spp., Cunninghamella bertholletiae, and Rhizopus microsporus but not against their conidia. Furthermore, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells also exhibited antifungal activity against azole-resistant A. fumigatus, indicating that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could be used for treating drug-resistant A. fumigatus. The antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells depended on cell-to-cell contact with A. fumigatus hyphae, and degranulation characterized by CD107a mobilization seems essential for this activity against A. fumigatus. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could be developed as a novel modality for treating IA or mucormycosis. IMPORTANCE Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and mucormycosis are often resistant to treatment with conventional antifungal agents and have a high mortality rate. Additionally, effective antifungal treatment is hindered by drug toxicity, given that both fungal and human cells are eukaryotic, and antifungal agents are also likely to act on human cells, resulting in adverse effects. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents specifically targeting fungi is challenging. This study demonstrated the antifungal activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells against various Aspergillus spp. and several Mucorales in vitro and discussed the mechanism underlying their antifungal activity. We indicate that adoptive immunotherapy using Vγ9Vδ2 T cells may offer a new therapeutic approach to IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Koga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Takazono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hodaka Namie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuno
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuya Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nana Nakada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Health Center, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hirayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ide
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
- Infectious Diseases Experts Training Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwanaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Tashiro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriho Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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14
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Boorgula SY, Yelamanchili S, Sistla SK, Saher L, Gujjarlapudi D, E. S, V. SD, Duvvur NR. An Experience in Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in COVID -19 Patients. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 28:e180-e187. [PMID: 38618586 PMCID: PMC11008951 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has cast a gloom spell on healthcare worldwide, infecting millions of people. Objective The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence and review the contributing comorbidities and the precipitating factors leading to the emergence of the fungal infections in COVID-19-affected patients. To assess the utility of different laboratory techniques for confirmation of fungal infections. To assess the strengths and limitations of the diagnostic methods. Methods We have studied 252 clinical samples obtained from 121 COVID-positive patients. Results Among the 121 patients clinically diagnosed with fungal infections, 88 had diabetes and were given steroids for treatment ( p -value = 0.001). Ninety-five patients (78.5%) had a positive laboratory diagnosis (either culture positive, potassium hydroxide [KOH]-positive or positive histopathology report). Fungal culture was positive in 75 (61.9%) patients and histopathology report was positive in 62 (51.2%). Histopathology was positive in 7 (5.8%) patients in whom culture and KOH were negative. Conclusion Aggressive treatment methods, administration of immune suppressants, and antibiotics, with an intention to salvage, have made patients susceptible to the benign fungus, causing it to evade the host immunity, thus leading to invasive infections. Applying different laboratory modalities would not only aid in providing fast and valuable information but also help in understanding the pathology which would assist the clinician in selecting the correct treatment for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lubna Saher
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Shalini E.
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sindhu Devi V.
- Department of Microbiology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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15
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Khan S, Bilal H, Khan MN, Fang W, Chang W, Yin B, Song NJ, Liu Z, Zhang D, Yao F, Wang X, Wang Q, Cai L, Hou B, Wang J, Mao C, Liu L, Zeng Y. Interleukin inhibitors and the associated risk of candidiasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372693. [PMID: 38605952 PMCID: PMC11007146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (ILs) are vital in regulating the immune system, enabling to combat fungal diseases like candidiasis effectively. Their inhibition may cause enhanced susceptibility to infection. IL inhibitors have been employed to control autoimmune diseases and inhibitors of IL-17 and IL-23, for example, have been associated with an elevated risk of Candida infection. Thus, applying IL inhibitors might impact an individual's susceptibility to Candida infections. Variations in the severity of Candida infections have been observed between individuals with different IL inhibitors, necessitating careful consideration of their specific risk profiles. IL-1 inhibitors (anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept), IL-2 inhibitors (daclizumab, and basiliximab), and IL-4 inhibitors (dupilumab) have rarely been associated with Candida infection. In contrast, tocilizumab, an inhibitor of IL-6, has demonstrated an elevated risk in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment, as evidenced by a 6.9% prevalence of candidemia among patients using the drug. Furthermore, the incidence of Candida infections appeared to be higher in patients exposed to IL-17 inhibitors than in those exposed to IL-23 inhibitors. Therefore, healthcare practitioners must maintain awareness of the risk of candidiasis associated with using of IL inhibitors before prescribing them. Future prospective studies need to exhaustively investigate candidiasis and its associated risk factors in patients receiving IL inhibitors. Implementing enduring surveillance methods is crucial to ensure IL inhibitors safe and efficient utilization of in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabir Khan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-jing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University School Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Skin and Venereal Diseases Prevention and Control Hospital of Shantou City, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Mao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Brandt M, Cao Z, Krishna C, Reedy JL, Gu X, Dutko RA, Oliver BA, Tusi BK, Park J, Richey L, Segerstolpe Å, Litwiler S, Creasey EA, Carey KL, Vyas JM, Graham DB, Xavier RJ. Translational genetics identifies a phosphorylation switch in CARD9 required for innate inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113944. [PMID: 38489265 PMCID: PMC11008285 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Population genetics continues to identify genetic variants associated with diseases of the immune system and offers a unique opportunity to discover mechanisms of immune regulation. Multiple genetic variants linked to severe fungal infections and autoimmunity are associated with caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9). We leverage the CARD9 R101C missense variant to uncover a biochemical mechanism of CARD9 activation essential for antifungal responses. We demonstrate that R101C disrupts a critical signaling switch whereby phosphorylation of S104 releases CARD9 from an autoinhibited state to promote inflammatory responses in myeloid cells. Furthermore, we show that CARD9 R101C exerts dynamic effects on the skin cellular contexture during fungal infection, corrupting inflammatory signaling and cell-cell communication circuits. Card9 R101C mice fail to control dermatophyte infection in the skin, resulting in high fungal burden, yet show minimal signs of inflammation. Together, we demonstrate how translational genetics reveals molecular and cellular mechanisms of innate immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brandt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhifang Cao
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chirag Krishna
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reedy
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiebin Gu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Richard A Dutko
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Blayne A Oliver
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jihye Park
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lauren Richey
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Åsa Segerstolpe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Scott Litwiler
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Creasey
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Jatin M Vyas
- Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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17
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Wang X, Li M, Yang Y, Shang X, Wang Y, Li Y. Clinical significance of inflammatory markers for evaluating disease severity of mixed-pathogen bloodstream infections of both Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26873. [PMID: 38434384 PMCID: PMC10907801 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In recent decades, there has been a notable increase in the morbidity and mortality rates linked to bacteremia and candidemia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of inflammatory markers in assessing the disease severity in critically ill patients suffering from mixed-bloodstream infections (BSIs) due to Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. Methods In this retrospective research, patients diagnosed with BSIs who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the period of January 2019 to December 2022 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: a mixed-pathogen BSI group with both Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp., and a single-pathogen BSI group with only Enterococcus spp. The study examined the differences in inflammatory marker levels and disease severity, including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, duration of ICU stay, and 30-day mortality, between the two groups. Furthermore, we sought to scrutinize the potential associations among these aforementioned parameters. Results The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLRs) and levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the mixed-pathogen BSI group were higher than those in the single-pathogen BSI group. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that NLRs and plasma CRP and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with disease severity in the mixed-pathogen BSI group. Further, the levels of plasma IL-8 and TNF-α were also positively correlated with ICU stay duration and 30-day mortality. In multivariate analysis, plasma CRP and IL-6 levels were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion Mixed-pathogen BSIs caused by Enterococcus spp. and Candida spp. may give rise to increased NLRs and plasma CRP, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in comparison to BSI caused by Enterococcus spp. only, thus leading to elevated disease severity in critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xueyi Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
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Yang W, Liu R, Li Z, Tu J, Xu D, Liu N, Sheng C. Discovery of New Tricyclic Oxime Sampangine Derivatives as Potent Antifungal Agents for the Treatment of Cryptococcosis and Candidiasis. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38489247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are classified as the critical priority groups among the pathogenic fungi, highlighting the urgent need for developing more effective antifungal therapies. On the basis of antifungal natural product sampangine, herein, a series of tricyclic oxime and oxime ether derivatives were designed. Among them, compound WZ-2 showed excellent inhibitory activity against C. neoformans (MIC80 = 0.016 μg/mL) and synergized with fluconazole to treat resistant C. albicans (FICI = 0.078). Interestingly, compound WZ-2 effectively inhibited virulence factors (e.g., capsule, biofilm, and yeast-to-hypha morphological transition), suggesting the potential to overcome drug resistance. In a mouse model of cryptococcal meningitis, compound WZ-2 (5 mg/kg) effectively reduced the brain C. neoformans H99 burden. Furthermore, compound WZ-2 alone and its combination with fluconazole also significantly reduced the kidney burden of the drug-resistant strain (0304103) and sensitive strain (SC5314) of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Yang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruxiong Liu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Tu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dongjian Xu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Na Liu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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Thomas DB, Ajayi E, Sikora A, Cozzini L, Quilitz R, Pasikhova Y, Klinkova O, Baluch A. The Addition of Systemic Terbinafine to Antifungal Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Disseminated Drug-Resistant Mold Infections in a National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center: A Six-Year Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55343. [PMID: 38559513 PMCID: PMC10981918 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Combination antifungal regimens are frequently employed in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in patients who are immunocompromised, particularly for cancer and transplant patients. Terbinafine is a potential agent of interest for combination regimens. Methods We reviewed data over a six-year period examining patient outcomes in terms of both mortality and distribution of pathogens. The total number of patients in our study was 64. The use of terbinafine versus no terbinafine in combination therapy was assessed. Of the 64 patients analyzed, only 14 received terbinafine. Mortality was calculated for both groups, and demographics were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results There was no statistical difference in mortality outcomes in either group. The addition of terbinafine was well tolerated and did not appear to result in any undue toxicity concerns. Discussion We wish to draw greater attention to this potential agent within our armamentarium for invasive fungal infections. To our knowledge, the total number of patients in our study, while small, represents the largest reported cohort in the literature to date. Sensitivities are crucial to be obtained for fungal pathogens as this likely undermined the utility of terbinafine in our study with larger than expected numbers of multidrug-resistant Fusarium. With limited patient numbers, a multicenter trial would be beneficial to further examine terbinafine in combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Thomas
- Transplant and Oncology Infectious Diseases, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | - Eloho Ajayi
- Infectious Diseases, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | - Anna Sikora
- Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Lisa Cozzini
- Infectious Diseases, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | - Rod Quilitz
- Clinical Pharmacy, Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, USA
| | | | - Olga Klinkova
- Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
| | - Aliyah Baluch
- Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
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20
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Ojha AK, Albert V, Sharma S, Hallur V, Singh G, Pamidimukkala U, Singh KJ, Kaur H, Karuna T, Savio J, Nath R, Xess I, Gupta P, Shetty A, Das M. Pan-Indian Clinical Registry of Invasive Fungal Infections Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit: Protocol for a Multicentric Prospective Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e54672. [PMID: 38363632 PMCID: PMC10907932 DOI: 10.2196/54672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are now a great public health threat, especially in those with underlying risk factors such as neutropenia, diabetes, high-dose steroid treatment, cancer chemotherapy, prolonged intensive care unit stay, and so on, which can lead to mycoses with higher mortality rates. The rates of these infections have been steadily increasing over the past 2 decades due to the increasing population of patients who are immunocompromised. However, the data regarding the exact burden of such infection are still not available from India. Therefore, this registry was initiated to collate systematic data on invasive fungal infections (IFIs) across the country. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study is to create a multicenter digital clinical registry and monitor trends of IFIs and emerging fungal diseases, as well as early signals of any potential fungal outbreak in any region. The registry will also capture information on the antifungal resistance patterns and the contribution of fungal infections on overall morbidity and inpatient mortality across various conditions. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, noninterventional observational study will be conducted by the Indian Council of Medical Research through a web-based data collection method from 8 Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers across the country. Data on age, gender, clinical signs and symptoms, date of admission, date of discharge or death, diagnostic tests performed, identified pathogen details, antifungal susceptibility testing, outcome, and so on will be obtained from hospital records. Descriptive and multivariate statistical methods will be applied to investigate clinical manifestations, risk variables, and treatment outcomes. RESULTS These Advanced Mycology Diagnostic and Research Centers are expected to find the hidden cases of fungal infections in the intensive care unit setting. The study will facilitate the enhancement of the precision of fungal infection diagnosis and prompt treatment modalities in response to antifungal drug sensitivity tests. This registry will improve our understanding of IFIs, support evidence-based clinical decision-making ability, and encourage public health policies and actions. CONCLUSIONS Fungal diseases are a neglected public health problem. Fewer diagnostic facilities, scanty published data, and increased vulnerable patient groups make the situation worse. This is the first systematic clinical registry of IFIs in India. Data generated from this registry will increase our understanding related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of fungal diseases in India by addressing pertinent gaps in mycology. This initiative will ensure a visible impact on public health in the country. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/54672.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saurabh Sharma
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinaykumar Hallur
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar (AIIMS, Bhubaneswar), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS-New Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Kh Jitenkumar Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Medical Statistics, New Delhi, India
| | - Tadepalli Karuna
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal (AIIMS-Bhopal), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jayanthi Savio
- St John's Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Reema Nath
- Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (AIIMS-New Delhi), New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Shetty
- Parmanand Deepchand Hinduja Hospital (PD Hinduja Hospital), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Corrêa-Moreira D, Baptista BDO, Giosa D, Oliveira MME. Editorial: Emerging fungal pathogens: perspectives. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2024; 5:1369062. [PMID: 38419622 PMCID: PMC10899703 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2024.1369062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Corrêa-Moreira
- Laboratory of Taxonomy, Biochemistry and Bioprospecting of Fungi, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Domenico Giosa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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22
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Qi GF, Cui X, Gong XF, Cui X, Xu HG, Liang QL, Zhang K, Sha XL, Li L, Wang GY, Liang HW, Wang L. A self-assembling peptide inhibits the growth and function of fungi via a wrapping strategy. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:990-1003. [PMID: 38193333 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections contribute substantially to human morbidity and mortality. A particular concern is the high rate of mortality associated with invasive fungal infections, which often exceeds 50.0% despite the availability of several antifungal drugs. Herein, we show a self-assembling antifungal peptide (AFP), which is able to bind to chitin on the fungal cell wall and in situ form AFP nanofibers, wrapping fungi. As a result, AFP limits the proliferation of fungi, slows down the morphological transformation of biphasic fungi, and inhibits the adhesion of fungi to host cells and the formation of biofilms. Compared to the broad-spectrum antifungal fluconazole, AFP achieved a comparable inhibitory effect (MIC50 = 3.5 μM) on fungal proliferation. In addition, AFP significantly inhibited the formation of fungal biofilms with the inhibition rate of 69.6% at 1 μM, better than fluconazole (17.2% at 1 μM). In a skin infection model of mice, it was demonstrated that AFP showed significantly superior efficacy to fluconazole. In the systemic candidiasis mouse model, AFP showed similar efficacy to first-line antifungal amphotericin B (AmpB) and anidulafungin (AFG). This study provides a promising wrapping strategy for anti-fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Feng Qi
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xue-Feng Gong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Huan-Ge Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Qi-Lin Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Kuo Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Sha
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Jia No.17 Heishanhu road, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Wang
- Department of Graduate, Hebei North University, No.11 Diamond South Road, High-tech Zone, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei Province, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Hong-Wen Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China.
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23
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Feng Z, Lu H, Jiang Y. Promising immunotherapeutic targets for treating candidiasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1339501. [PMID: 38404288 PMCID: PMC10884116 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1339501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, there has been a significant increase in invasive fungal infections, which has corresponded with the expanding population of individuals with compromised immune systems. As a result, the mortality rate linked to these infections remains unacceptably high. The currently available antifungal drugs, such as azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins, face limitations in terms of their diversity, the escalating resistance of fungi and the occurrence of significant adverse effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new antifungal medications. Vaccines and antibodies present a promising avenue for addressing fungal infections due to their targeted antifungal properties and ability to modulate the immune response. This review investigates the structure and function of cell wall proteins, secreted proteins, and functional proteins within C. albicans. Furthermore, it seeks to analyze the current advancements and challenges in macromolecular drugs to identify new targets for the effective management of candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Bombassaro A, Figueiredo JM, Taborda CP, Joosten LAB, Vicente VA, Queiroz-Telles F, Meis JF, Kischkel B. Skin innate immune response against fungal infections and the potential role of trained immunity. Mycoses 2024; 67. [PMID: 38282360 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Fungal skin infections are distributed worldwide and can be associated with economic and social traits. The immune response related to skin cells is complex and its understanding is essential to the comprehension of each cell's role and the discovery of treatment alternatives. The first studies of trained immunity (TI) described the ability of monocytes, macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells to develop a memory-like response. However, the duration of TI does not reflect the shorter lifespan of these cells. These conclusions supported later studies showing that TI can be observed in stem and haematopoietic cells and, more recently, also in non-immune skin cells such as fibroblasts, highlighting the importance of resident cells in response to skin disorders. Besides, the participation of less studied proinflammatory cytokines in the skin immune response, such as IL-36γ, shed light into a new possibility of inflammatory pathway blockade by drugs. In this review, we will discuss the skin immune response associated with fungal infections, the role of TI in skin and clinical evidence supporting opportunities and challenges of TI and other inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of fungal skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bombassaro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Julia Marcondes Figueiredo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos P Taborda
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dermatology, LIM53, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Biological Sciences, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Department of Public Health, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-graduation Program, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Jiang Y, Li W, Wang Z, Lu J. Lipid-Based Nanotechnology: Liposome. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:34. [PMID: 38258045 PMCID: PMC10820119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, liposomes have been extensively developed and used for various clinical applications such as in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and dietetic fields, due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, as well as the ability to enhance the therapeutic index of free drugs. However, some challenges remain unsolved, including liposome premature leakage, manufacturing irreproducibility, and limited translation success. This article reviews various aspects of liposomes, including its advantages, major compositions, and common preparation techniques, and discusses present U.S. FDA-approved, clinical, and preclinical liposomal nanotherapeutics for treating and preventing a variety of human diseases. In addition, we summarize the significance of and challenges in liposome-enabled nanotherapeutic development and hope it provides the fundamental knowledge and concepts about liposomes and their applications and contributions in contemporary pharmaceutical advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Jiang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wenpan Li
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jianqin Lu
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Track, Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (Y.J.); (W.L.); (Z.W.)
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Program, NCI-Designated University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Southwest Environmental Health Sciences Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Li H, Fu Y, Song F, Xu X. Recent Updates on the Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine-Derived Penicillium fungi. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301278. [PMID: 37877324 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In this review, 72 compounds isolated from marine-derived Penicillium fungi and their antimicrobial activities are reviewed from 2020 to 2023. According to their structures, these compounds can be divided into terpenoids, polyketides, alkaloids and other structural compounds, among which terpenoids and polyketides are relatively large in number. Some compounds have powerful inhibitory effects against different pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This review aims to provide more useful information and enlightenment for further efficient utilization of Penicillium spp. and their secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of China, School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of China, School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fuhang Song
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education of China, School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, 100048, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Xu
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
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Sadiq S, Khan I, Shen Z, Wang M, Xu T, Khan S, Zhou X, Bahadur A, Rafiq M, Sohail S, Wu P. Recent Updates on Multifunctional Nanomaterials as Antipathogens in Humans and Livestock: Classification, Application, Mode of Action, and Challenges. Molecules 2023; 28:7674. [PMID: 38005395 PMCID: PMC10675011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogens cause infections and millions of deaths globally, while antipathogens are drugs or treatments designed to combat them. To date, multifunctional nanomaterials (NMs), such as organic, inorganic, and nanocomposites, have attracted significant attention by transforming antipathogen livelihoods. They are very small in size so can quickly pass through the walls of bacterial, fungal, or parasitic cells and viral particles to perform their antipathogenic activity. They are more reactive and have a high band gap, making them more effective than traditional medications. Moreover, due to some pathogen's resistance to currently available medications, the antipathogen performance of NMs is becoming crucial. Additionally, due to their prospective properties and administration methods, NMs are eventually chosen for cutting-edge applications and therapies, including drug administration and diagnostic tools for antipathogens. Herein, NMs have significant characteristics that can facilitate identifying and eliminating pathogens in real-time. This mini-review analyzes multifunctional NMs as antimicrobial tools and investigates their mode of action. We also discussed the challenges that need to be solved for the utilization of NMs as antipathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Sadiq
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Iltaf Khan
- School of Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China;
| | - Zhenyu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Mengdong Wang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Sohail Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 94640, Pakistan;
| | - Xuemin Zhou
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
| | - Ali Bahadur
- College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China;
| | - Madiha Rafiq
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Department of Chemistry, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Sumreen Sohail
- Department of Information Technology, Careerera, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (S.S.); (Z.S.); (M.W.); (T.X.)
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Mannala GK, Rupp M, Walter N, Scholz KJ, Simon M, Riool M, Alt V. Galleria mellonella as an alternative in vivo model to study implant-associated fungal infections. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:2547-2559. [PMID: 37080929 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Fungal implant-associated bone infections are rare but difficult to treat and often associated with a poor outcome for patients. Candida species account for approximately 90% of all fungal infections. In vivo biofilm models play a major role to study biofilm development and potential new treatment options; however, there are only a very few in vivo models to study fungi-associated biofilms. Furthermore, mammalian infection models are replaced more and more due to ethical restrictions with other alternative models in basic research. Recently, we developed an insect infection model with Galleria mellonella larvae to study biofilm-associated infections with bacteria. Here, we further expanded the G. mellonella model to study in vivo fungal infections using Candida albicans and Candida krusei. We established a planktonic and biofilm-implant model to test different antifungal medication with amphotericin B, fluconazole, and voriconazole against the two species and assessed the fungal biofilm-load on the implant surface. Planktonic infection with C. albicans and C. krusei showed the killing of the G. mellonella larvae at 5 × 105 colony forming units (CFU). Treatment of larvae with antifungal compounds with amphotericin B and fluconazole showed significant survival improvement against planktonic C. albicans infection, but voriconazole had no effect. Titanium and stainless steel K-wires were preincubated with C. albicans and implanted inside the larvae to induce biofilm infection on the implant surface. The survival analysis revealed significantly reduced survival of the larvae with Candida spp. infection compared to noninfected implants. The treatment with antifungal amphotericin B and fluconazole resulted in a slight and nonsignificant improvement survival of the larvae. The treatment with the antifungal compounds in the biofilm-infection model was not as effective as in the planktonic infection model, which highlights the resistance of fungal biofilms to antifungal compounds like in bacterial biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of a fungal biofilm with hyphae and spores associated with larvae tissue on the implant surface. Thus, our study highlights the use of G. mellonella larvae as alternative in vivo model to study biofilm-associated implant fungal infections and that fungal biofilms exhibit high resistance profiles comparable to bacterial biofilms. The model can be used in the future to test antifungal treatment options for fungal biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopala K Mannala
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rupp
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nike Walter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Simon
- Institute of Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Liu W, Peng J, Xiao M, Cai Y, Peng B, Zhang W, Li J, Kang F, Hong Q, Liang Q, Yan Y, Xu Z. The implication of pyroptosis in cancer immunology: Current advances and prospects. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2339-2350. [PMID: 37554215 PMCID: PMC10404888 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a regulated cell death pathway involved in numerous human diseases, especially malignant tumors. Recent studies have identified multiple pyroptosis-associated signaling molecules, like caspases, gasdermin family and inflammasomes. In addition, increasing in vitro and in vivo studies have shown the significant linkage between pyroptosis and immune regulation of cancers. Pyroptosis-associated biomarkers regulate the infiltration of tumor immune cells, such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thus strengthening the sensitivity to therapeutic strategies. In this review, we explained the relationship between pyroptosis and cancer immunology and focused on the significance of pyroptosis in immune regulation. We also proposed the future application of pyroptosis-associated biomarkers in basic research and clinical practices to address malignant behaviors. Exploration of the underlying mechanisms and biological functions of pyroptosis is critical for immune response and cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jinwu Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Muzhang Xiao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Bi Peng
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Fanhua Kang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Qianhui Hong
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Changde Hospital, Changde, Hunan 415000, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Bilal H, Khan MN, Khan S, Fang W, Chang W, Yin B, Song NJ, Liu Z, Zhang D, Yao F, Wang X, Wang Q, Cai L, Hou B, Wang J, Mao C, Liu L, Zeng Y. Risk of candidiasis associated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: Implications and management. Mycology 2023; 15:30-44. [PMID: 38558839 PMCID: PMC10977001 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2023.2265664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of interleukin-17 (IL-17) inhibitors, including secukinumab, ixekizumab, brodalumab, and bimekizumab, are associated with elevated risk of candidiasis. These medications interfere with the IL-17 pathway, which is essential for maintaining mucosal barriers and coordinating the immune response against Candida species. The observational data and clinical trials demonstrate the increased incidence of candidiasis in individuals treated with IL-17 inhibitors. Brodalumab and bimekizumab pose a greater risk than secukinumab in eliciting candidiasis, whereas the data regarding ixekizumab are equivocal. Higher doses and prolonged treatment duration of IL-17 inhibitors increase the risk of candidiasis by compromising the immune response against Candida species. Prior to prescribing IL-17 inhibitors, healthcare professionals should comprehensively evaluate patients' medical histories and assess their risk factors. Patients should be educated on the signs and symptoms of candidiasis to facilitate early detection and intervention. Future research should focus on identifying the risk factors associated with candidiasis in patients receiving IL-17 inhibitors. Prospective studies and long-term surveillance are required to explore the impact of specific inhibitors on the incidence and severity of candidiasis and to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapies, such as concurrent use of IL-17 inhibitors and prophylactic antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Bilal
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjie Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning-Jing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongrong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fen Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University School Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bing Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Skin and Venereal Diseases Prevention and Control Hospital of Shantou City, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Mao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingxi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuebin Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Yousra S, El Ghayati L, Hökelek T, Ouazzani Chahdi F, Mague JT, Kandri Rodi Y, Sebbar NK. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 3-eth-oxy-1-ethyl-6-nitro-quinoxalin-2(1 H)-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:895-898. [PMID: 37817954 PMCID: PMC10561198 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023007624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H13N3O4, consists of two mol-ecules differing to a small degree in their conformations. In the crystal, layers of mol-ecules are connected by weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and slipped π-stacking inter-actions. These layers lie parallel to (10) and are stacked along the normal to that plane. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing arise from H⋯H (43.5%) and H⋯O/O⋯H (30.8%) contacts. The density functional theory (DFT) optimized structure of the title compound at the B3LYP/ 6-311 G(d,p) level agrees well with the experimentally determined mol-ecular structure in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seqqat Yousra
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University, Route d’Immouzzer, BP 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lhoussaine El Ghayati
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry, Medicines Science Research Center, Pharmacochemistry Competence Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Fouad Ouazzani Chahdi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University, Route d’Immouzzer, BP 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Joel T. Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Youssef Kandri Rodi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdullah University, Route d’Immouzzer, BP 2202, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nada Kheira Sebbar
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry, Medicines Science Research Center, Pharmacochemistry Competence Center, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Faculty of Sciences, Morocco
- Laboratory of Organic and physical Chemistry, Applied Bioorganic Chemistry Team, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
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Yan Z, Huang Y, Zhao D, Li Z, Wang X, Guo M, Wei Y, Wang Y, Mou Y, Hou Z, Guo C. Developing Novel Coumarin-Containing Azoles Antifungal Agents by the Scaffold Merging Strategy for Treating Azole-Resistant Candidiasis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13247-13265. [PMID: 37725043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antifungal drugs has resulted in severe drug resistance, making clinical treatment of fungal infections more difficult. Biofilm inhibitors can overcome drug resistance by inhibiting fungal biofilm formation. In this study, some coumarins with antibiofilm activity were merged into CYP51 inhibitors to produce novel molecules possessing potent antiresistance activity. As expected, most compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi, especially fluconazole-resistant candidiasis. Then, their mechanism was confirmed by sterol composition analysis and morphological observation. Biofilm inhibition and down-regulation of resistance-related genes were employed to confirm the compounds' antiresistance mechanisms. Significantly, compound A32 demonstrated fungicidal activity against fluconazole-resistant strain 904. Most importantly, compound A32 showed potent in vivo antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi and fluconazole-resistant strains. Preliminary pharmacokinetic and toxicity tests demonstrated that the compounds possessed favorable druggability. Taken together, compound A32 represents a promising lead to develop novel antifungal agents for treating azole-resistant candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzuo Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanxiu Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongze Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zengye Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengbi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanhua Mou
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhuang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design and Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Ouyang J, Yan J, Zhou X, Isnard S, Tang S, Costiniuk CT, Chen Y, Routy JP, Chen Y. The Influence of Oral Terbinafine on Gut Fungal Microbiome Composition and Microbial Translocation in People Living with HIV Treated for Onychomycosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:963. [PMID: 37888218 PMCID: PMC10607585 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLWH) display altered gut epithelium that allows for the translocation of microbial products, contributing to systemic immune activation. Although there are numerous studies which examine the gut bacterial microbiome in PLWH, few studies describing the fungal microbiome, or the mycobiome, have been reported. Like the gut bacterial microbiome, the fungal microbiome and its by-products play a role in maintaining the body's homeostasis and modulating immune function. We conducted a prospective study to assess the effects of oral terbinafine, an antifungal agent widely used against onychomycosis, on gut permeability and microbiome composition in ART-treated PLWH (trial registration: ChiCTR2100043617). Twenty participants completed all follow-up visits. During terbinafine treatment, the levels of the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) significantly increased, and the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) significantly decreased, from baseline to week 12. Both markers subsequently returned to pre-treatment levels after terbinafine discontinuation. After terbinafine treatment, the abundance of fungi decreased significantly, while the abundance of the bacteria did not change. After terbinafine discontinuation, the abundance of fungi returned to the levels observed pre-treatment. Moreover, terbinafine treatment induced only minor changes in the composition of the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome. In summary, oral terbinafine decreases fungal microbiome abundance while only slightly influencing gut permeability and microbial translocation in ART-treated PLWH. This study's findings should be validated in larger and more diverse studies of ART-treated PLWH; our estimates of effect size can be used to inform optimal sample sizes for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ouyang
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China; (J.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China; (J.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China;
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.I.); (C.T.C.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Shengquan Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China; (J.Y.); (S.T.)
| | - Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.I.); (C.T.C.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yaling Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China; (J.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.I.); (C.T.C.)
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing 400036, China; (J.Y.); (S.T.)
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Gomes Ferreira D, Gadêlha M, Ricardo Vissoci J, Negri M. Impact of invasive fungal infections in men from a state in southern Brazil: A geospatial analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2023; 28:771-779. [PMID: 37559424 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the records of male hospitalisation for fungal infections, including their spatial distribution and the main invasive epidemiological and sociodemographic characteristics in the State of Paraná, Brazil. METHODS Spatial analysis based on data from male admission records for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in the State of Paraná, from 2015 to 2019. Data were taken from the hospital records obtained in the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System, being collected, georeferenced and analysed to infer the existence of autocorrelation with the hospitalisation rates in the state. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, there were 385 cases of IFIs in men, being more prevalent in white individuals aged 61-70 years. We observed that the metropolitan, southeast, central-eastern, north-central, northwestern and western regions formed high-high clusters, with regions with a high number of registered cases. In the regression, there was an association with socioeconomic and demographic factors that showed a correlation with the rates of hospitalisation for IFIs. CONCLUSION The study draws attention to Paraná as an endemic region for paracoccidioidomycosis, in addition to presenting high rates of nosocomial fungal infections. We also emphasise the importance of compulsory notification in the state and in the country to gain greater control over the incidence and prevalence of cases and to incentivise the creation of public policies for the prevention of IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Gadêlha
- Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Melyssa Negri
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Pan SF, Huang SM, Xie L, Zhang YY, Tang YR, Wang XZ. A Case of Invasive Fungal Infection Due to Scedosporium apiospermum in a Patient with Psoriasis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:5085-5090. [PMID: 37576520 PMCID: PMC10422967 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s420991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Scedosporium apiospermum (S. apiospermum) is typically reported to be involved in superficial and subcutaneous fungal infections but overlooked in invasive infections, which is associated with a high mortality rate. It poses a diagnostic challenge due to its confusable characteristics to other hyaline hyphomycetes. Here, we reported a psoriasis patient with an invasive S. apiospermum infection. The patient presents an abscess at the intermuscular space of the left hip and an increased C-reactive protein level. Pus culture showed white-greyish, cottonlike colonies with aerial mycelium and terminal oval conidia, suggesting S. apiospermum. This rare fungus was rapidly confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing. The patient was successfully treated with voriconazole with no recurrence of the abscesses despite delayed treatment. This is the first such case infection report from China that described an unusual case of intermuscular space abscesses due to S. apiospermum. This report highlights the possibility of fungal infections in deeper tissue, as well as the necessity of thorough evaluation and microbiological diagnosis for invasive infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Fei Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Mei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Rong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, People’s Republic of China
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Xu J, Zeng Y, Yu C, Xu S, Tang L, Zeng X, Huang Y, Sun Z, Xu B, Yu T. Visualization of the relationship between fungi and cancer from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18592. [PMID: 37529342 PMCID: PMC10388209 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and microorganisms has been extensively studied, with bacteria receiving more attention than fungi. However, fungi have been shown to play a significant role in cancer development and progression. Understanding the underlying mechanisms is crucial for identifying new avenues in prevention and treatment. To evaluate the current state of research on fungi and cancer, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. Using the Web of Science Core Collection database, we searched for English-language articles published between 1998 and 2022. Analyzing the resulting publication data, we identified trends, patterns, and research gaps. Our analysis encompassed co-authorship networks, citation analysis, and keyword co-occurrence analysis. With 8283 publications identified, averaging 331.32 publications per year, our findings highlight China, the United States, India, Japan, and Germany as the top contributing countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, and University of São Paulo emerged as the most productive institutions. Key themes in the literature included "cancer," "cytotoxicity," "apoptosis," "metabolites," and "fungus." Recent trends indicate increased interest in keywords such as "green synthesis," "molecular docking," "anticancer activity," "antibacterial," "anticancer," and "silver nanoparticles." Our study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current research landscape in the field of fungi and cancer, offering insights into collaborative networks, research directions, and emerging hotspots. The growing publication rate demonstrates the rising interest in the topic, while identifying leading countries, institutions, and research themes serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and funders interested in supporting investigations on fungi-derived compounds as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Affiliated People Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Jiangxi Health Committee Key (JHCK) Laboratory of Tumor Metastasis, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang 330029, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, 330029, China
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Lu H, Hong T, Jiang Y, Whiteway M, Zhang S. Candidiasis: From cutaneous to systemic, new perspectives of potential targets and therapeutic strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114960. [PMID: 37307922 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungi from a Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. C. albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen typically residing on human skin and mucous membranes of the mouth, intestines or vagina. It can cause a wide variety of mucocutaneous barrier and systemic infections; and becomes a severe health problem in HIV/AIDS patients and in individuals who are immunocompromised following chemotherapy, treatment with immunosuppressive agents or after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. However, the immune mechanism of host resistance to C. albicans infection is not fully understood, there are a limited number of therapeutic antifungal drugs for candidiasis, and these have disadvantages that limit their clinical application. Therefore, it is urgent to uncover the immune mechanisms of the host protecting against candidiasis and to develop new antifungal strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge of host immune defense mechanisms from cutaneous candidiasis to invasive C. albicans infection and documents promising insights for treating candidiasis through inhibitors of potential antifungal target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Shiqun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kappagoda S, Deresinski S. Anticytokine Autoantibodies and Fungal Infections. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:782. [PMID: 37623553 PMCID: PMC10455114 DOI: 10.3390/jof9080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticytokine autoantibodies (ACAAs) can cause adult onset immunodeficiencies which mimic primary immunodeficiencies and can present as refractory and severe fungal infections. This paper provides an overview of the role of innate immunity, including key cytokines, in fungal infections and then describes four clinical scenarios where ACAAs are associated with severe presentations of a fungal infection: (1) Talaromyces marneffei infection and anti-interferon-γ, (2) histoplasmosis and anti-interferon-γ, (3) Cryptococcus gattii infection and anti-GM-CSF, and (4) mucocutaneous candidiasis and anti-IL-17A/F (IL-22). Testing for ACAAs and potential therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthi Kappagoda
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA;
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Asperges E, Albi G, Truffelli F, Salvaderi A, Puci F, Sangani A, Zuccaro V, Scotti V, Orsolini P, Brunetti E, Bruno R. Fungal Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review of Reported Cases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 37513000 PMCID: PMC10383745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal osteomyelitis is considered a rare disease, and the published literature mainly comprises case reports, case series and narrative reviews. A systematic review was undertaken to provide a practice-based global perspective on this disease, focusing on epidemiology and treatment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library between the 3rd and 8th of March 2023 using a predefined search string. We included studies with at least one patient with a diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis published before the 1st of January 2023. We included all study designs except for reviews, and we excluded non-English languages and grey literature. After exclusion, 678 studies, mostly case reports, were included. Descriptive analysis was performed on 1072 patients. The most common aetiological agent was Aspergillus (26.5%), followed by Candida (20.7%) and Mucor (16.8%), and the bones most frequently involved were the vertebrae. We described the characteristics of patients divided by site of infection, and we found that diabetes mellitus, disseminated fungal infection, surgery and local lesion were major risk factors. We also successfully associated duration of treatment with outcome. We provided a general overview of this rare disease, and we highlighted the need for high-quality investigations on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Asperges
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Albi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Truffelli
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Salvaderi
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Flavia Puci
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aurelia Sangani
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuccaro
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Scotti
- UOSD Grant Office, TTO e Documentazione Scientifica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Orsolini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapia Medica, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Clinico-Chirurgiche, Diagnostiche e Pediatriche-Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- S.C. Malattie Infettive I Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Chen HT, Li JS, Li J, Li L, Xu ZC, Zhang Y, Wang RR. Lactobacillus murinus: A key factor in suppression of enterogenous Candida albicans infections in Compound Agrimony enteritis capsules-treated mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116361. [PMID: 36963475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Agrimony (FuFangXianHeCao, FFXHC) Enteritis Capsules is an ethnomedicine that is derived from Yi Nationality Herbal Medicine for enteritis treatment. We found that FFXHC reduced the mortality outcomes in enterogenic Candida albicans infected mice models and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus in the intestines. Lactobacillus murinus exhibited comparable therapeutic effects to those of FFXHC in enterogenic Candida albicans infected mice. This study provides novel perspectives into the pharmacological mechanisms of FFXHC. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the mechanisms via which FFXHC inhibits C. albicans infections and its effects on L. murinus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterogenous C. albicans infection mice models were established and various parameters, including survival rate, weight change, number of colonies, treatment effects on intestinal mucosa, microecology, and immune cytokines evaluated. Susceptibility of C. albicans to L. murinus was evaluated in vitro. RESULTS Treatment with FFXHC reduced the number of colonies, improved the health status, enhanced the survival rates, increased the abundance of L. murinus, reduced damage to the intestinal mucosa, and elevated occludin as well as claudin-1 levels. Interestingly, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-22, and IL-17A levels were increased while IL-1β levels were suppressed in the intestinal mucosa without any change in peripheral blood cytokine levels. Moreover, FFXHC promoted L. murinus proliferation. This study also confirmed the incubation-dependent anti-C. albicans effects exerted by the metabolic supernatants of L. murinus. CONCLUSIONS FFXHC effectively alleviated intestinal infections of C. albicans in mice and increased the abundance of L. murinus. Supplementation of L. murinus in food can achieve the effects that are comparable to those of FFXHC. Thus, L. murinus maybe essential in FFXHC-based treatment of intestinal C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Chen
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jun Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Panzhihua, Panzhihua, 617099, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhi-Chang Xu
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Ray A, Moore TF, Pandit R, Burke AD, Borsch DM. An Overview of Selected Bacterial Infections in Cancer, Their Virulence Factors, and Some Aspects of Infection Management. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:963. [PMID: 37508393 PMCID: PMC10376897 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In cancer development and its clinical course, bacteria can be involved in etiology and secondary infection. Regarding etiology, various epidemiological studies have revealed that Helicobacter pylori can directly impact gastric carcinogenesis. The Helicobacter pylori-associated virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A perhaps plays an important role through different mechanisms such as aberrant DNA methylation, activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Many other bacteria, including Salmonella and Pseudomonas, can also affect Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Although Helicobacter pylori is involved in both gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, its role in the latter disease is more complicated. Among other bacterial species, Chlamydia is linked with a diverse range of diseases including cancers of different sites. The cellular organizations of Chlamydia are highly complex. Interestingly, Escherichia coli is believed to be associated with colon cancer development. Microorganisms such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently isolated from secondary infections in cancer patients. In these patients, the common sites of infection are the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts. There is an alarming rise in infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria and the scarcity of suitable antimicrobial agents adversely influences prognosis. Therefore, effective implementation of antimicrobial stewardship strategies is important in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitabha Ray
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - Thomas F Moore
- College of Medical Science, Alderson Broaddus University, 101 College Hill Drive, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M Borsch
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg, PA 15601, USA
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Zhang X, Jin F, Ni F, Xu Y, Lu Y, Xia W. Clinical data analysis of 86 patients with invasive infections caused by Malassezia furfur from a tertiary medical center and 37 studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1079535. [PMID: 37457952 PMCID: PMC10340522 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1079535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a lipophilic, conditionally pathogenic yeast that mainly causes skin infections, but the reports of related invasive infections are increasing. The aim of this study is to provide clinical data to assist physicians in the management of patients with invasive infections caused by M. furfur. Methods A case of pulmonary infection caused by M. furfur in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant patient for aplastic anemia was reported. In addition, the literature on invasive infection by M. furfur published in PubMed and Web of Science in English until 31 July 2022 was reviewed. Results Clinical data analysis of 86 patients (from 37 studies and our case) revealed that most of them were preterm (44.2%), followed by adults (31.4%). M. furfur fungemia occurred in 79.1% of the 86 patients, and 45 of them were clearly obtained from catheter blood. Other patients developed catheter-related infections, pneumonia, peripheral thromboembolism, endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis and disseminated infections. Thirty-eight preterm infants had underlying diseases such as very low birth weight and/or multiple organ hypoplasia. The remaining patients had compromised immunity or severe gastrointestinal diseases. 97.7% of patients underwent invasive procedures and 80.2% received total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Fever, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis accounted for 55.8%, 38.4% and 24.4% of patients with M. furfur invasive infections, respectively. 69.8% of the patients received antifungal therapy, mainly amphotericin B (AmB) or azoles. Of 84 patients with indwelling catheters, 58.3% underwent the removal of catheters. TPN were discontinued in 30 of 69 patients. The all-cause mortality of 86 patients was 27.9%. Conclusions M. furfur can cause a variety of invasive infections. These patients mostly occur in premature infants, low immunity and severe gastrointestinal diseases. Indwelling catheters and TPN infusion are major risk factors. AmB, l-AmB and azoles are the most commonly used agents, and simultaneous removal of the catheter and termination of TPN infusion are important for the treatment of M. furfur invasive infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqiao Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenying Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Zhou X, Zeng M, Huang F, Qin G, Song Z, Liu F. The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5. [PMID: 37272939 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of antibiotic drugs worldwide and the global increase in the number of immunodeficient patients, fungal infections have become a serious threat to global public health security. Moreover, the evolution of fungal resistance to existing antifungal drugs is on the rise. To address these issues, the development of new antifungal drugs or fungal inhibitors needs to be targeted urgently. Plant secondary metabolites are characterized by a wide variety of chemical structures, low price, high availability, high antimicrobial activity, and few side effects. Therefore, plant secondary metabolites may be important resources for the identification and development of novel antifungal drugs. However, there are few studies to summarize those contents. In this review, the antifungal modes of action of plant secondary metabolites toward different types of fungi and fungal infections are covered, as well as highlighting immunomodulatory effects on the human body. This review of the literature should lay the foundation for research into new antifungal drugs and the discovery of new targets. KEY POINTS: • Immunocompromised patients who are infected the drug-resistant fungi are increasing. • Plant secondary metabolites toward various fungal targets are covered. • Plant secondary metabolites with immunomodulatory effect are verified in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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El-Sakhawy MA, El-sehrawy MG, Waggiallah HA, Ibrahim AM, Ateya AAES. Appraisal and characterization of candida load isolated from the oral cavity of smokers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103657. [PMID: 37187935 PMCID: PMC10176073 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is regarded as a major global health risk, therefore the aim of this work was to investigate the association of oral Candida spp. as one of the etiological agents of denture stomatitis with smokers of cigarette, hookah (shisha), and electronic smoking, also a dose-response relationship between the duration of smoking and the probability of denture stomatitis between volunteers. Oral rinse samples were collected from 47 male volunteers including 34 smokers and 13 non-smokers, also data of volunteers were collected via a questionnaire forum. Patterns of smoking were shown that smokers using tobacco cigarettes 17 (36.2 %), electronic cigarettes 16 (34.04 %), and hookah smokers 8 (17.02 %). A comparison of smokers and non-smokers regarding effects on oral health showed significantly finding (P < 0.05) indicating that smoking affects oral health in all evaluated parameters (an oral mucosal abnormality, mouth ulcers, bad breath, and feeling of dry mouth). Out of 19 Candida isolates, 18 (94.7 %) were identified as Candida albicans and 1 (5.3 %) as Candida tropicalis. Among the volunteers who presented with oral Candida (19 volunteers), 17 (89.5%) were smokers, while non-smoker volunteers were 2 (10.5 %), so it can be concluded that smoking was a significant positive correlation to the presence of Candida in the oral cavity. Five volunteers suffered from chronic diseases; 4 (8.5%) diabetes mellitus and 1 (2.1%) anemia as a systemic predisposing factor for oropharyngeal infection. Amphotericin and Nystatin had varying degrees of activity against isolated Candida isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia and Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-sehrawy
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Nursing Administration, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Hisham Ali Waggiallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateya Megahed Ibrahim
- Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ali El-Sherbiny Ateya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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El-Neweshy MS, Al Mawly JH, Al Khaldi N, Ali H, Haridy MAM, Alkheraif AA, Tohamy HG. Compartment 1 acidosis associated with hemorrhagic diathesis causing mortalities among racing camels in Oman. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:229. [PMID: 37246163 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Camels are adapted to digestion of dry rough forages for their nutrition, and sudden change to highly digestible feed during the racing season causes digestive disorders. The current study investigated the cause of death among racing dromedary camels within 3-7 days following a sudden onset of fever ≈ 41 °C, colic with tarry feces, and enlarged superficial lymph nodes. Marked leukopenia, low RBC count and thrombocytopenia, deranged liver and renal function tests, and prolonged coagulation profiles were reported. Compartment 1 fluid revealed a pH of 4.3-5.2 with absence or few ciliated protozoa and Gram-positive microbial flora. Widespread petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages were observed in various organs including the gastrointestinal tract (compartment 3 and colon), lungs, and heart. Fibrin thrombi in arterioles, capillaries, venules, and medium-sized veins were observed especially in the pulmonary interstitium, submucosa of the large intestine (ascending colon), deep dermis, and renal cortex. Furthermore, widespread hemorrhages and necrosis were constant histopathological lesions in parenchymatous organs. Based on clinical signs, hematology, blood biochemistry, and gross and microscopical findings, the cases were diagnosed as compartment 1 acidosis associated with hemorrhagic diathesis and endotoxicosis. Finally, compartment 1 acidosis associated with hemorrhagic diathesis is a serious fatal disease on the Arabian Peninsula in racing dromedaries causing multi-organ dysfunction and coagulopathy and disseminated hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S El-Neweshy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
- Central Laboratory for Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Julanda H Al Mawly
- Central Laboratory for Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nadia Al Khaldi
- Central Laboratory for Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resources, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Haytham Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohie A M Haridy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, 6622, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alkheraif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Buraydah, 6622, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam G Tohamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Atta-Allah AA, Ahmed RF, Shahin AAM, Hassan EA, El-Bialy HAA, El-Fouly MZ. Optimizing the synthesis of yeast Beta-glucan via response surface methodology for nanotechnology application. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:110. [PMID: 37081407 PMCID: PMC10116484 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of biopolymers from waste resources is a growing trend, especially in high-population countries like Egypt. Beta-glucan (β-glucan) belongs to natural polysaccharides that are derived from plant and microbial origins. In this study, following increasing demands for β-glucan owing to its bioactive properties, a statistical model to enhance microbial β-glucan production was evaluated for its usefulness to the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, a trial to convert β-glucan polymer to nanostructure form was done to increase its bioactivity. RESULTS Ingredients of low-cost media based on agro-industrial wastes were described using Plackett-Burman and central composite design of response surface methodology for optimizing yeast β-glucan. Minerals and vitamin concentrations significantly influenced β-glucan yield for Kluyveromyces lactis and nitrogen and phosphate sources for Meyerozyma guilliermondii. The maximum predicted yields of β-glucan recovered from K. lactis and M. guilliermondii after optimizing the medium ingredients were 407 and 1188 mg/100 ml; respectively. For the first time, yeast β-glucan nanoparticles (βGN) were synthesized from the β-glucan polymer using N-dimethylformamide as a stabilizer and characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average size of βGN was about 300 nm as determined by DLS. The quantitative variation of functional groups between β-glucan polymer and βGN was evaluated by FT-IR for explaining the difference in their biological activity against Normal Homo sapiens-Hela contaminant and Hepatic cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Enriching the low-cost media based on agro-industrial wastes with nutritional ingredients improves the yield of yeast β-glucan. The present study succeeds to form β-glucan nanoparticles by a simple method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshimaa A Atta-Allah
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania F Ahmed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A M Shahin
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Hassan
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Abd-Alla El-Bialy
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohie Z El-Fouly
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang F, Han R, Chen S. An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005122. [PMID: 36648228 PMCID: PMC10035316 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Talaromycosis is an invasive mycosis endemic in tropical and subtropical Asia and is caused by the pathogenic fungus Talaromyces marneffei. Approximately 17,300 cases of T. marneffei infection are diagnosed annually, and the reported mortality rate is extremely high (~1/3). Despite the devastating impact of talaromycosis on immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-positive persons, and the increase in reported occurrences in HIV-uninfected persons, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for talaromycosis have received far too little attention worldwide. In 2021, scientists living in countries where talaromycosis is endemic raised a global demand for it to be recognized as a neglected tropical disease. Therefore, T. marneffei and the infectious disease induced by this fungus must be treated with concern. T. marneffei is a thermally dimorphic saprophytic fungus with a complicated mycological growth process that may produce various cell types in its life cycle, including conidia, hyphae, and yeast, all of which are associated with its pathogenicity. However, understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of T. marneffei has been limited until recently. To achieve a holistic view of T. marneffei and talaromycosis, the current knowledge about talaromycosis and research breakthroughs regarding T. marneffei growth biology are discussed in this review, along with the interaction of the fungus with environmental stimuli and the host immune response to fungal infection. Importantly, the future research directions required for understanding this serious infection and its causative pathogenic fungus are also emphasized to identify solutions that will alleviate the suffering of susceptible individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - RunHua Han
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Biomedical Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Bnfaga AA, Lee KW, Than LTL, Amin-Nordin S. Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E against genitourinary pathogens. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:19. [PMID: 36959635 PMCID: PMC10037868 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacilli are essential microbiota that maintain a healthy, balanced vaginal environment. Vaginitis is a common infection in women during their reproductive years. Many factors are associated with vaginitis; one of them is the imbalance of microbiota in the vaginal environment. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Lactobacillus delbrueckii 45E (Ld45E) against several species of bacteria, namely, Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Candida parapsilosis, as well as to determine the concentration of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the presence of Ld45E. METHODS The probiotic characteristics of Ld45E were evaluated by examining its morphology, pH tolerance, adhesive ability onto HeLa cells, hemolytic activity, antibiotic susceptibility, and autoaggregation ability. Then, the antimicrobial activity of Ld45E was determined using Ld45E culture, cell-free supernatant, and crude bacteriocin solution. Co-aggregation and competition ability assays against various pathogens were conducted. The immunoregulatory effects of Ld45E were analyzed by measuring the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance. RESULTS Ld45E is 3-5 mm in diameter and round with a flat-shaped colony. pH 4 and 4.5 were the most favorable range for Ld45E growth within 12 h of incubation. Ld45E showed a strong adhesion ability onto HeLa cells (86%) and negative hemolytic activities. Ld45E was also sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline. We found that it had a good autoaggregation ability of 80%. Regarding antagonistic properties, Ld45E culture showed strong antimicrobial activity against GBS, E. coli, and Klebsiella spp. but only a moderate effect on C. parapsilosis. Cell-free supernatant of Ld45E exerted the most potent inhibitory effects at 40 °C against all genital pathogens, whereas bacteriocin showed a robust inhibition at 37 °C and 40 °C. The highest co-aggregation affinity was observed with GBS (81%) and E. coli (40%). Competition ability against the adhesion of GBS (80%), E. coli (76%), Klebsiella (72%), and C. parapsilosis (58%) was found. Ld45E was able to reduce the induction of the proinflammatory protein IL-17. CONCLUSIONS Ld45E possessed antimicrobial and immunoregulatory properties, with better cell-on-cell activity than supernatant activity. Thus, Ld45E is a potential probiotic candidate for adjunct therapy to address vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameda Abdullah Bnfaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Para-Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
| | - Kai Wei Lee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leslie Thian Lung Than
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Hospital Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia.
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Bao MY, Li M, Bu QR, Yang Y, Song H, Wang CZ, Wang TM, Li N. The effect of herbal medicine in innate immunity to Candida albicans. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1096383. [PMID: 37483621 PMCID: PMC10359817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1096383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that often causes mucosal and systemic infections. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), have been implicated in the host recognition of C. albicans. These PRRs recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of C. albicans to activate innate immune cells, thereby rapidly inducing various inflammatory responses by activating intracellular signaling cascades. Herbal medicine and its active components deserve priority development due to their low toxicity and high antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. This review discussed the activities of herbal compounds against C. albicans and their related mechanisms, especially their regulatory role on innate immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) implicated in C. albicans infections. Our work aims to find new therapeutic drugs and targets to prevent and treat diseases caused by C. albicans infection with the mechanisms by which this fungus interacts with the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Ru Bu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Ming Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Ladetto MF, Lázaro-Martínez JM, Devoto TB, Briceño VJ, Castro GR, Cuestas ML. Quantitative determination of voriconazole by thionine reduction and its potential application in a pharmaceutical and clinical setting. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1230-1240. [PMID: 36807654 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Voriconazole (VCZ) is a triazolic drug used to treat serious fungal infections and invasive mycosis and has also been more recently used as a generic antifungal treatment. However, VCZ therapies can cause undesirable side effects and doses must be carefully monitored before administration to avoid or reduce severe toxic effects. Analytical techniques used to quantify VCZ are mostly based on HPLC/UV and often associated with multiple technical steps as well as expensive equipment. The present work aimed to develop an accessible and affordable spectrophotometric technique in the visible range (λ = 514 nm) for the simple quantification of VCZ. The technique was based on VCZ-induced reduction of thionine (TH, red) to leucothionine (LTH, colorless) under alkaline conditions. The reaction showed a linear correlation over the range of 1.00 μg mL-1 to 60.00 μg mL-1 at room temperature, the limits of detection and quantification being 1.93 μg mL-1 and 6.45 μg mL-1, respectively. VCZ degradation products (DPs) according to 1H and 13C-NMR spectrometric determinations not only showed good agreement with the ones previously reported (DP1 and DP2 - T. M. Barbosa, G. A. Morris, M. Nilsson, R. Rittner and C. F. Tormena, RSC Adv., 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03822d), but also revealed a new degradation product (DP3). Mass spectrometry not only confirmed the presence of LTH as a result of the VCZ DP-induced TH reduction, but also revealed the formation of a novel and stable Schiff base as a reaction product between DP1 and LTH. The latter finding became significant as it stabilizes the reaction for quantification purposes, by hindering LTH ↔TH redox reversibility. This analytical method was then validated according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, and additionally, it could be demonstrated as applicable for the reliable VCZ quantification in commercially available tablets. Importantly, it also represents a useful tool for detecting toxic threshold concentrations in human plasma from VCZ-treated patients, alerting when these risky limits are exceeded. In this way, this technique independent from sophisticated equipment, highly qualifies as a low-cost, reproducible, trustable, and non-laborious alternative method for VCZ measurements from different matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ladetto
- Departamento de Química, Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) - CONICET (CCT La Plata), Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, B1900AJI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute for Research in Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM), University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Manuel Lázaro-Martínez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA UBA-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Brito Devoto
- Institute for Research in Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM), University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Víctor J Briceño
- Institute for Research in Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM), University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Institute of Nanobiotechnology (Nanobiotec), University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Max Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG), Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI) - CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Maipú 1065, Rosario, S2000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - María Luján Cuestas
- Institute for Research in Microbiology and Medical Parasitology (IMPaM), University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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