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Akhgari A, Michel TM, Vafaee MS. Dendritic spines and their role in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:489-502. [PMID: 38440811 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Since Cajal introduced dendritic spines in the 19th century, they have attained considerable attention, especially in neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. Multiple roles of dendritic spine malfunction and pathology in the progression of various diseases have been reported. Thus, it is inevitable to consider these structures as new therapeutic targets for treating neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, dementia, Down syndrome, etc. Therefore, we attempted to prepare a narrative review of the literature regarding the role of dendritic spines in the pathogenesis of aforementioned diseases and to shed new light on their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisan Akhgari
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
| | - Manouchehr Seyedi Vafaee
- Research Unit for Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense 5230, Denmark
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2
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Zhong G, Fang Z, Sun T, Ying M, Wang A, Chen Y, Wang H, Ma C, Wang C, Ge R, Liu G, Guo Y. Ubiquitin ligase RFWD2 promotes dendritic spine and synapse formation by activating the ERK/PEA3/c-Jun pathway in rat cerebral cortical neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167319. [PMID: 38909848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The regulation of protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for normal brain development, axon growth, synaptic growth and plasticity. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RFWD2 plays a key role in the onset and development of neurological diseases, including the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms controlling the homeostasis of neuronal synaptic proteins are still poorly understood. Here, we showed that the expression level of RFWD2 gradually decreased with the age of the rats and was negatively correlated with the development of cerebral cortical neurons and dendrites in vivo. RFWD2 was shown to localize to presynaptic terminals and some postsynaptic sides of both excitatory synapses and inhibitory synapses via colocalization with neuronal synaptic proteins (SYN, PSD95, Vglut1 and GAD67). Overexpression of RFWD2 promoted dendrite development and dendritic spine formation and markedly decreased the expression of synaptophysin and PSD95 by reducing the expression of ETV1, ETV4, ETV5 and c-JUN in vitro. Furthermore, the whole-cell membrane slice clamp results showed that RFWD2 overexpression resulted in greater membrane capacitance in neuronal cells, inadequate cell repolarization, and a longer time course for neurons to emit action potentials with decreased excitability. RFWD2 regulates dendritic development and plasticity, dendritic spine formation and synaptic function in rat cerebral cortex neurons by activating the ERK/PEA3/c-Jun pathway via a posttranslational regulatory mechanism and can be used as an efficient treatment target for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshang Zhong
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Zhuling Fang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Mengjiao Ying
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Ao Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Caiyun Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Chunjing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China
| | - Rongjing Ge
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Gaofeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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Heuer SE, Nickerson EW, Howell GR, Bloss EB. Genetic context drives age-related disparities in synaptic maintenance and structure across cortical and hippocampal neuronal circuits. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14033. [PMID: 38130024 PMCID: PMC10861192 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The disconnection of neuronal circuitry through synaptic loss is presumed to be a major driver of age-related cognitive decline. Age-related cognitive decline is heterogeneous, yet whether genetic mechanisms differentiate successful from unsuccessful cognitive decline through maintenance or vulnerability of synaptic connections remains unknown. Previous work using rodent and primate models leveraged various techniques to imply that age-related synaptic loss is widespread on pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits but absent on those in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Here, we examined the effect of aging on synapses on projection neurons forming a hippocampal-cortico-thalamic circuit important for spatial working memory tasks from two genetically distinct mouse strains that exhibit susceptibility (C57BL/6J) or resistance (PWK/PhJ) to cognitive decline during aging. Across both strains, synapse density on CA1-to-PFC projection neurons appeared completely intact with age. In contrast, we found synapse loss on PFC-to-nucleus reuniens (RE) projection neurons from aged C57BL/6J but not PWK/PhJ mice. Moreover, synapses from aged PWK/PhJ mice but not from C57BL/6J exhibited altered morphologies that suggest increased efficiency to drive depolarization in the parent dendrite. Our findings suggest resistance to age-related cognitive decline results in part by age-related synaptic adaptations, and identification of these mechanisms in PWK/PhJ mice could uncover new therapeutic targets for promoting successful cognitive aging and extending human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Heuer
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emily W. Nickerson
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
| | - Erik B. Bloss
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborMaineUSA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MaineOronoMaineUSA
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Mohrmann L, Seebach J, Missler M, Rohlmann A. Distinct Alterations in Dendritic Spine Morphology in the Absence of β-Neurexins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1285. [PMID: 38279285 PMCID: PMC10817056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are essential for synaptic function because they constitute the postsynaptic compartment of the neurons that receives the most excitatory input. The extracellularly shorter variant of the presynaptic cell adhesion molecules neurexins, β-neurexin, has been implicated in various aspects of synaptic function, including neurotransmitter release. However, its role in developing or stabilizing dendritic spines as fundamental computational units of excitatory synapses has remained unclear. Here, we show through morphological analysis that the deletion of β-neurexins in hippocampal neurons in vitro and in hippocampal tissue in vivo affects presynaptic dense-core vesicles, as hypothesized earlier, and, unexpectedly, alters the postsynaptic spine structure. Specifically, we observed that the absence of β-neurexins led to an increase in filopodial-like protrusions in vitro and more mature mushroom-type spines in the CA1 region of adult knockout mice. In addition, the deletion of β-neurexins caused alterations in the spine head dimension and an increase in spines with perforations of their postsynaptic density but no changes in the overall number of spines or synapses. Our results indicate that presynaptic β-neurexins play a role across the synaptic cleft, possibly by aligning with postsynaptic binding partners and glutamate receptors via transsynaptic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Missler
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (J.S.)
| | - Astrid Rohlmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Molecular Neurobiology, University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (L.M.); (J.S.)
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He YY, Luo S, Jin L, Wang PY, Xu J, Jiao HL, Yan HJ, Wang Y, Zhai QX, Ji JJ, Zhang WJ, Zhou P, Li H, Liao WP, Lan S, Xu L. DLG3 variants caused X-linked epilepsy with/without neurodevelopmental disorders and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1290919. [PMID: 38249294 PMCID: PMC10796462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1290919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The DLG3 gene encodes disks large membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffold protein 3, which plays essential roles in the clustering of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at excitatory synapses. Previously, DLG3 has been identified as the causative gene of X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-90 (XLID-90; OMIM# 300850). This study aims to explore the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3 and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Trios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in patients with epilepsy of unknown causes. To analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations, previously reported DLG3 variants were systematically reviewed. Results DLG3 variants were identified in seven unrelated cases with epilepsy. These variants had no hemizygous frequencies in controls. All variants were predicted to be damaging by silico tools and alter the hydrogen bonds with surrounding residues and/or protein stability. Four cases mainly presented with generalized seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, and the other three cases exhibited secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and focal seizures. Multifocal discharges were recorded in all cases during electroencephalography monitoring, including the four cases with generalized discharges initially but multifocal discharges after drug treating. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that DLG3 interacts with 52 genes with high confidence, in which the majority of disease-causing genes were associated with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and epilepsy. Three patients with variants locating outside functional domains all achieved seizure-free, while the four patients with variants locating in functional domains presented poor control of seizures. Analysis of previously reported cases revealed that patients with non-null variants presented higher percentages of epilepsy than those with null variants, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. Significance This study suggested that DLG3 variants were associated with epilepsy with/without NDD, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3. The observed genotype-phenotype correlation potentially contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yan
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weng-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lan
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Heuer SE, Nickerson EW, Howell GR, Bloss EB. Genetic context drives age-related disparities in synaptic maintenance and structure across cortical and hippocampal neuronal circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550869. [PMID: 37546799 PMCID: PMC10402174 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The disconnection of neuronal circuits through synaptic loss is presumed to be a major driver of age-related cognitive decline. Age-related cognitive decline is heterogeneous, yet whether genetic mechanisms differentiate successful from unsuccessful cognitive decline through synaptic structural mechanisms remains unknown. Previous work using rodent and primate models leveraged various techniques to suggest that age-related synaptic loss is widespread on pyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits but absent on those in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Here, we examined the effect of aging on synapses on projection neurons forming a hippocampal-cortico-thalamic circuit important for spatial working memory tasks from two genetically distinct mouse strains that exhibit susceptibility (C57BL/6J) or resistance (PWK/PhJ) to cognitive decline during aging. Across both strains, synapses on the CA1-to-PFC projection neurons appeared completely intact with age. In contrast, we found synapse loss on PFC-to-nucleus reuniens (RE) projection neurons from aged C57BL/6J but not PWK/PhJ mice. Moreover, synapses from aged PWK/PhJ mice but not from C57BL/6J exhibited morphological changes that suggest increased synaptic efficiency to depolarize the parent dendrite. Our findings suggest resistance to age-related cognitive decline results in part by age-related synaptic adaptations, and identification of these mechanisms in PWK/PhJ mice could uncover new therapeutic targets for promoting successful cognitive aging and extending human health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Heuer
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Emily W. Nickerson
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
| | - Erik B. Bloss
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA
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Das S, Ramanan N. Region-specific heterogeneity in neuronal nuclear morphology in young, aged and in Alzheimer's disease mouse brains. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1032504. [PMID: 36819109 PMCID: PMC9929567 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1032504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the mammalian brain exhibit enormous structural and functional diversity across different brain regions. Compared to our understanding of the morphological diversity of neurons, very little is known about the heterogeneity of neuronal nuclear morphology and how nuclear size changes in aging and diseased brains. Here, we report that the neuronal cell nucleus displays differences in area, perimeter, and circularity across different anatomical regions in the mouse brain. The pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA3 region exhibited the largest area whereas the striatal neuronal nuclei were the smallest. These nuclear size parameters also exhibited dichotomous changes with age across brain regions-while the neocortical and striatal neurons showed a decrease in nuclear area and perimeter, the CA3 neurons showed an increase with age. The nucleus of parvalbumin- and calbindin-positive interneurons had comparable morphological features but exhibited differences between brain regions. In the context of activity-dependent transcription in response to a novel environment, there was a decrease in nuclear size and circularity in c-Fos expressing neurons in the somatosensory cortex and hippocampal CA1 and CA3. In an APP/PS1 mutant mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the neuronal nuclear morphology varies with plaque size and with increasing distance from the plaque. The neuronal nuclear morphology in the immediate vicinity of the plaque was independent of the plaque size and the morphology tends to change away from the plaque. These changes in the neuronal nuclear size and shape at different ages and in AD may be attributed to changes in transcriptional activity. This study provides a detailed report on the differences that exist between neurons in nuclear morphology and can serve as a basis for future studies.
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Saggu S, Chen Y, Cottingham C, Rehman H, Wang H, Zhang S, Augelli-Szafran C, Lu S, Lambert N, Jiao K, Lu XY, Wang Q. Activation of a novel α 2AAR-spinophilin-cofilin axis determines the effect of α 2 adrenergic drugs on fear memory reconsolidation. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:588-600. [PMID: 36357671 PMCID: PMC9647772 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the pandemic has emerged as a major neuropsychiatric component of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, yet the current pharmacotherapy for PTSD is limited. The use of adrenergic drugs to treat PTSD has been suggested; however, it is hindered by conflicting clinical results and a lack of mechanistic understanding of drug actions. Our studies, using both genetically modified mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, reveal a novel α2A adrenergic receptor (α2AAR)-spinophilin-cofilin axis in the hippocampus that is critical for regulation of contextual fear memory reconsolidation. In addition, we have found that two α2 ligands, clonidine and guanfacine, exhibit differential abilities in activating this signaling axis to disrupt fear memory reconsolidation. Stimulation of α2AAR with clonidine, but not guanfacine, promotes the interaction of the actin binding protein cofilin with the receptor and with the dendritic spine scaffolding protein spinophilin to induce cofilin activation at the synapse. Spinophilin-dependent regulation of cofilin is required for clonidine-induced disruption of contextual fear memory reconsolidation. Our results inform the interpretation of differential clinical observations of these two drugs on PTSD and suggest that clonidine could provide immediate treatment for PTSD symptoms related to the current pandemic. Furthermore, our study indicates that modulation of dendritic spine morphology may represent an effective strategy for the development of new pharmacotherapies for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Saggu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yunjia Chen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Christopher Cottingham
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Alabama, Florence, AL, 35632, USA
| | - Hasibur Rehman
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sixue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Corinne Augelli-Szafran
- Department of Chemistry, Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
- Scientific Platforms, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, 35205, USA
| | - Sumin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Nevin Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, GA30912, USA
| | - Xin-Yun Lu
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Williams RA, Johnson KW, Lee FS, Hemmings HC, Platholi J. A Common Human Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Polymorphism Leads to Prolonged Depression of Excitatory Synaptic Transmission by Isoflurane in Hippocampal Cultures. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:927149. [PMID: 35813074 PMCID: PMC9260310 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.927149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic targets have been identified for the reversible neurophysiological effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. However, the synaptic mechanisms involved in persistent depression of synaptic transmission resulting in more prolonged neurological dysfunction following anesthesia are less clear. Here, we show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a growth factor implicated in synaptic plasticity and dysfunction, enhances glutamate synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and that attenuation of vesicular BDNF release by isoflurane contributes to transient depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in mice. This reduction in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by isoflurane was acutely irreversible in neurons that release less endogenous BDNF due to a polymorphism (BDNF Val66Met; rs6265) compared to neurons from wild-type mice. These effects were prevented by exogenous application of BDNF. Our findings identify a role for a common human BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism in persistent changes of synaptic function following isoflurane exposure. These short-term persistent alterations in excitatory synaptic transmission indicate a role for human genetic variation in anesthetic effects on synaptic plasticity and neurocognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A. Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francis S. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hugh C. Hemmings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jimcy Platholi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Jimcy Platholi,
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10
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Huang B, Sun B, Yang R, Liang S, Li X, Guo Y, Meng Q, Fu Y, Li W, Zhao P, Gong M, Shi Y, Song L, Wang S, Yuan F, Shi H. Long-lasting effects of postweaning sleep deprivation on cognitive function and social behaviors in adult mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 215:109164. [PMID: 35716724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has adverse effects on physical and mental health. Recently increasing attention has been given to SD in the early-life stage. However, the effects and mechanisms of postweaning SD on cognitive function and social behaviors are still unclear. In this study, SD was conducted in mice from postnatal Day 21 (PND21) to PND42, 6 h a day. Meanwhile, changes in body weight, food and water intake were continuously monitored. Behavioral tests were carried out in adulthood of mice. The levels of serum corticosterone, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10), vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) were measured by ELISA. Golgi staining was used to calculate neural dendritic spine density in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) CA1 region and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). We found that postweaning SD increased the food intake and the weight of female mice. Behavioral results showed that postweaning SD caused cognitive impairment and lowered social dominance in adult male mice but not in female mice. ELISA results showed that SD increased the levels of serum corticosterone, VP and OT in male mice and serum OT in female mice. Golgi staining analysis showed that SD decreased neural dendritic spine density in the dHPC in male mice. These results suggest that postweaning SD has a long-term effect on social dominance and cognitive function in male mice, which may provide a new insight into the role of SD in regulating cognitive function and social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Binhuang Sun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Shihao Liang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Xinrui Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yaling Fu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Wenshuya Li
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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11
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Serrano ME, Kim E, Petrinovic MM, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:796129. [PMID: 35401097 PMCID: PMC8990757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.796129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central and most complex organ in the nervous system, comprising billions of neurons that constantly communicate through trillions of connections called synapses. Despite being formed mainly during prenatal and early postnatal development, synapses are continually refined and eliminated throughout life via complicated and hitherto incompletely understood mechanisms. Failure to correctly regulate the numbers and distribution of synapses has been associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Therefore, measurements of brain synaptic density, as well as early detection of synaptic dysfunction, are essential for understanding normal and abnormal brain development. To date, multiple synaptic density markers have been proposed and investigated in experimental models of brain disorders. The majority of the gold standard methodologies (e.g., electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry) visualize synapses or measure changes in pre- and postsynaptic proteins ex vivo. However, the invasive nature of these classic methodologies precludes their use in living organisms. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers [such as (18F)UCB-H or (11C)UCB-J] that bind to a putative synaptic density marker, the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, is heralding a likely paradigm shift in detecting synaptic alterations in patients. Despite their limited specificity, novel, non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR)-based methods also show promise in inferring synaptic information by linking to glutamate neurotransmission. Although promising, all these methods entail various advantages and limitations that must be addressed before becoming part of routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize and discuss current ex vivo and in vivo methods of quantifying synaptic density, including an evaluation of their reliability and experimental utility. We conclude with a critical assessment of challenges that need to be overcome before successfully employing synaptic density biomarkers as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in the study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Serrano
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Perna J, Lu J, Mullen B, Liu T, Tjia M, Weiser S, Ackman J, Zuo Y. Perinatal Penicillin Exposure Affects Cortical Development and Sensory Processing. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:704219. [PMID: 35002614 PMCID: PMC8727458 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.704219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalent use of antibiotics in pregnant women and neonates raises concerns about long-term risks for children’s health, but their effects on the central nervous system is not well understood. We studied the effects of perinatal penicillin exposure (PPE) on brain structure and function in mice with a therapeutically relevant regimen. We used a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate anxiety, working memory, and sensory processing, and immunohistochemistry to quantify changes in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV+ INs), perineuronal nets (PNNs), as well as microglia density and morphology. In addition, we performed mesoscale calcium imaging to study neural activity and functional connectivity across cortical regions, and two-photon imaging to monitor dendritic spine and microglial dynamics. We found that adolescent PPE mice have abnormal sensory processing, including impaired texture discrimination and altered prepulse inhibition. Such behavioral changes are associated with increased spontaneous neural activities in various cortical regions, and delayed maturation of PV+ INs in the somatosensory cortex. Furthermore, adolescent PPE mice have elevated elimination of dendritic spines on the apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons, as well as increased ramifications and spatial coverage of cortical microglia. Finally, while synaptic defects are transient during adolescence, behavioral abnormalities persist into adulthood. Our study demonstrates that early-life exposure to antibiotics affects cortical development, leaving a lasting effect on brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Perna
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Ju Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Brian Mullen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Taohui Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Michelle Tjia
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Sydney Weiser
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - James Ackman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
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13
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Clabough E, Ingersoll J, Reekes T, Gleichsner A, Ryan A. Acute Ethanol Exposure during Synaptogenesis Rapidly Alters Medium Spiny Neuron Morphology and Synaptic Protein Expression in the Dorsal Striatum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:290. [PMID: 35008713 PMCID: PMC8745582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are caused by the disruption of normal brain development in utero. The severity and range of symptoms is dictated by both the dosage and timing of ethanol administration, and the resulting developmental processes that are impacted. In order to investigate the effects of an acute, high-dose intoxication event on the development of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum, mice were injected with ethanol on P6, and neuronal morphology was assessed after 24 h, or at 1 month or 5 months of age. Data indicate an immediate increase in MSN dendritic length and branching, a rapid decrease in spine number, and increased levels of the synaptic protein PSD-95 as a consequence of this neonatal exposure to ethanol, but these differences do not persist into adulthood. These results demonstrate a rapid neuronal response to ethanol exposure and characterize the dynamic nature of neuronal architecture in the MSNs. Although differences in neuronal branching and spine density induced by ethanol resolve with time, early changes in the caudate/putamen region have a potential impact on the execution of complex motor skills, as well as aspects of long-term learning and addictive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Clabough
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - James Ingersoll
- Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, USA; (J.I.); (T.R.)
| | - Tyler Reekes
- Department of Biology, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943, USA; (J.I.); (T.R.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA
| | - Alyssa Gleichsner
- Department of Biological Science, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA; (A.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Amy Ryan
- Department of Biological Science, SUNY Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY 12901, USA; (A.G.); (A.R.)
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14
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Beating Pain with Psychedelics: Matter over Mind? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 134:104482. [PMID: 34922987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Basic pain research has shed light on key cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying nociceptive and phenomenological aspects of pain. Despite these advances, [[we still yearn for] the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to address the unmet needs of about 70% of chronic neuropathic pain patients whose pain fails to respond to opioids as well as to other conventional analgesic agents. Importantly, a substantial body of clinical observations over the past decade cumulatively suggests that the psychedelic class of drugs may possess heuristic value for understanding and treating chronic pain conditions. The present review presents a theoretical framework for hitherto insufficiently understood neuroscience-based mechanisms of psychedelics' potential analgesic effects. To that end, searches of PubMed-indexed journals were performed using the following Medical Subject Headings' terms: pain, analgesia, inflammatory, brain connectivity, ketamine, psilocybin, functional imaging, and dendrites. Recursive sets of scientific and clinical evidence extracted from this literature review were summarized within the following key areas: (1) studies employing psychedelics for alleviation of physical and emotional pain; (2) potential neuro-restorative effects of psychedelics to remediate the impaired connectivity underlying the dissociation between pain-related conscious states/cognitions and the subcortical activity/function leading to the eventual chronicity through immediate and long-term effects on dentritic plasticity; (3) anti-neuroinflammatory and pro-immunomodulatory actions of psychedelics as the may pertain to the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain; (4) safety, legal, and ethical consideration inherent in psychedelics' pharmacotherapy. In addition to direct beneficial effects in terms of reduction of pain and suffering, psychedelics' inclusion in the analgesic armamentarium will contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights not only into pain syndromes but also into frequently comorbid psychiatric condition associated with emotional pain, e.g., depressive and anxiety disorders. Further inquiry is clearly warranted into the above areas that have potential to evolve into further elucidate the mechanisms of chronic pain and affective disorders, and lead to the development of innovative, safe, and more efficacious neurobiologically-based therapeutic approaches.
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15
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Abstract
Fluorescence imaging techniques play a pivotal role in our understanding of the nervous system. The emergence of various super-resolution microscopy methods and specialized fluorescent probes enables direct insight into neuronal structure and protein arrangements in cellular subcompartments with so far unmatched resolution. Super-resolving visualization techniques in neurons unveil a novel understanding of cytoskeletal composition, distribution, motility, and signaling of membrane proteins, subsynaptic structure and function, and neuron-glia interaction. Well-defined molecular targets in autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease models provide excellent starting points for in-depth investigation of disease pathophysiology using novel and innovative imaging methodology. Application of super-resolution microscopy in human brain samples and for testing clinical biomarkers is still in its infancy but opens new opportunities for translational research in neurology and neuroscience. In this review, we describe how super-resolving microscopy has improved our understanding of neuronal and brain function and dysfunction in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Werner
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Geis
- Section Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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16
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Amphetamine sensitization alters hippocampal neuronal morphology and memory and learning behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4784-4794. [PMID: 32555421 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that continuous abuse of amphetamine (AMPH) results in alterations in neuronal structure and cognitive behaviors related to the reward system. However, the impact of AMPH abuse on the hippocampus remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the damage caused by AMPH in the hippocampus in an addiction model. We reproduced the AMPH sensitization model proposed by Robinson et al. in 1997 and performed the novel object recognition test (NORt) to evaluate learning and memory behaviors. After the NORt, we performed Golgi-Cox staining, a stereological cell count, immunohistochemistry to determine the presence of GFAP, CASP3, and MT-III, and evaluated oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We found that AMPH treatment generates impairment in short- and long-term memories and a decrease in neuronal density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The morphological test showed an increase in the total dendritic length, but a decrease in the number of mature spines in the CA1 region. GFAP labeling increased in the CA1 region and MT-III increased in the CA1 and CA3 regions. Finally, we found a decrease in Zn concentration in the hippocampus after AMPH treatment. An increase in the dopaminergic tone caused by AMPH sensitization generates oxidative stress, neuronal death, and morphological changes in the hippocampus that affect cognitive behaviors like short- and long-term memories.
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17
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Platholi J, Hemmings HC. Effects of general anesthetics on synaptic transmission and plasticity. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:27-54. [PMID: 34344292 PMCID: PMC9199550 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210803105232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
General anesthetics depress excitatory and/or enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission principally by modulating the function of glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses, respectively, with relative anesthetic agent-specific mechanisms. Synaptic signaling proteins, including ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels, are targeted by general anesthetics to modulate various synaptic mechanisms, including presynaptic neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic receptor signaling, and dendritic spine dynamics to produce their characteristic acute neurophysiological effects. As synaptic structure and plasticity mediate higher-order functions such as learning and memory, long-term synaptic dysfunction following anesthesia may lead to undesirable neurocognitive consequences depending on the specific anesthetic agent and the vulnerability of the population. Here we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of transient and persistent general anesthetic alterations of synaptic transmission and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimcy Platholi
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
| | - Hugh C Hemmings
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College Ringgold standard institution - Anesthesiology New York, New York. United States
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18
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Lee CW, Fang YP, Chu MC, Chung YJ, Chi H, Tang CW, So EC, Lin HC, Lin HC. Differential mechanisms of synaptic plasticity for susceptibility and resilience to chronic social defeat stress in male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:112-118. [PMID: 34049204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mood dysregulation refers to the inability of a person to control their negative emotions, and it is linked to various stressful experiences. Dysregulated neural synaptic plasticity and actin-filament dynamics are important regulators of stress response in animal models. However, until now, there is no evidence to differential the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and actin-filament dynamics in stress susceptibility and stress-resistant. Here we found that depression-like behaviour was observed in the susceptible group following chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) exposure, but not in stress-resistant mice. High-frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) was impaired in the CSDS-induced depression-susceptible group. Further, the levels of pro-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mature BDNF, PSD-95, phosphorylated CaMKII, and phosphorylated Cofilin, an actin-filament dynamics regulator, were reduced in CSDS-induced depression-susceptible mice unlike in stress-resistant mice. These results demonstrate that synaptic plasticity-related molecules, such as BDNF and phosphorylated Cofilin, are important for maintaining synaptic functions and structure in mice that experience more stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Wei Lee
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Chu
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Jung Chung
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Chi
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Department of Anesthesia and Medical Research, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chuan Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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Denton AR, Mactutus CF, Lateef AU, Harrod SB, Booze RM. Chronic SSRI treatment reverses HIV-1 protein-mediated synaptodendritic damage. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:403-421. [PMID: 34003469 PMCID: PMC8504184 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection affects approximately 37 million individuals, and approximately 50% of seropositive individuals will develop symptoms of clinical depression and/or apathy. Dysfunctions of both serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission have been implicated in the pathogenesis of motivational alterations. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a SSRI (escitalopram) in the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat. Behavioral, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical outcomes with respect to HIV-1 and sex were evaluated to determine the efficacy of chronic escitalopram treatment. Escitalopram treatment restored function in each of the behavioral tasks that were sensitive to HIV-1-induced impairments. Further, escitalopram treatment restored HIV-1-mediated synaptodendritic damage in the nucleus accumbens; treatment with escitalopram significantly increased dendritic proliferation in HIV-1 Tg rats. However, restoration did not consistently occur with the neurochemical analysis in the HIV-1 rat. Taken together, these results suggest a role for SSRI therapies in repairing long-term HIV-1 protein-mediated neuronal damage and restoring function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Denton
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Almeera U Lateef
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Steven B Harrod
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
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20
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Ube2b-dependent degradation of DNMT3a relieves a transcriptional brake on opiate-induced synaptic and behavioral plasticity. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1162-1177. [PMID: 31576007 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that synaptic structural plasticity, driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, underlies addictive drugs-induced long-lasting behavioral plasticity. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to actin cytoskeleton remodeling remain poorly defined. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism used to control activity-dependent gene expression essential for long-lasting synaptic plasticity. Here, we provide evidence that DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a is degraded by the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ube2b-mediated ubiquitination in dorsal hippocampus (DH) of rats that repeatedly self-administrated heroin. DNMT3a degradation leads to demethylation in CaMKK1 gene promotor, thereby facilitating CaMKK1 expression and consequent activation of its downstream target CaMKIα, an essential regulator of spinogenesis. CaMKK1/CaMKIα signaling regulates actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the DH and behavioral plasticity by activation of Rac1 via acting Rac guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor βPIX. These data suggest that Ube2b-dependent degradation of DNMT3a relieves a transcriptional brake on CaMKK1 gene and thus activates CaMKK1/CaMKIα/βPIX/Rac1 cascade, leading to drug use-induced actin polymerization and behavior plasticity.
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21
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Wang Q, Yuan W, Yang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Qiao H. Role of Cofilin in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584898. [PMID: 33324642 PMCID: PMC7726191 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease and has an inconspicuous onset and progressive development. Clinically, it is characterized by severe dementia manifestations, including memory impairment, aphasia, apraxia, loss of recognition, impairment of visual-spatial skills, executive dysfunction, and changes in personality and behavior. Its etiology is unknown to date. However, several cellular biological signatures of AD have been identified such as synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies which are related to the actin cytoskeleton. Cofilin is one of the most affluent and common actin-binding proteins and plays a role in cell motility, migration, shape, and metabolism. They also play an important role in severing actin filament, nucleating, depolymerizing, and bundling activities. In this review, we summarize the structure of cofilins and their functional and regulating roles, focusing on the synaptic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, cofilin-actin rods, and Hirano bodies of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaohang Yang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- College of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Haifa Qiao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xianyang Key Laboratory of Neurobiology and Acupuncture, Xi’an, China
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22
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Zhang K, Lian N, Ding R, Guo C, Dong X, Li Y, Wei S, Jiao Q, Yu Y, Shen H. Sleep Deprivation Aggravates Cognitive Impairment by the Alteration of Hippocampal Neuronal Activity and the Density of Dendritic Spine in Isoflurane-Exposed Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:589176. [PMID: 33328920 PMCID: PMC7719754 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.589176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflurane contributes to cognitive deficits when used as a general anesthetic, and so does sleep deprivation (SD). Patients usually suffer from insomnia before an operation due to anxiety, fear, and other factors. It remains unclear whether preoperative SD exacerbates cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane. In this study, we observed the effects of pretreated 24-h SD in adult isoflurane-exposed mice on the cognitive behaviors, the Ca2+ signals of dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) neurons in vivo with fiber photometry, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons. Our results showed that in cognitive behavior tasks, short-term memory damages were more severe with SD followed by isoflurane exposure than that with SD or isoflurane exposure separately, and interestingly, severe long-term memory deficits were induced only by SD followed by isoflurane exposure. Only the treatment of SD followed by isoflurane exposure could reversibly decrease the amplitude of Ca2+ signals when mice were freely moving and increase the duration of Ca2+ signals during the long-term memory behavior test. The density of dendritic spines with both SD and isoflurane exposure was lower than that with SD alone. This study suggests that SD should be avoided preoperatively in patients undergoing elective surgery under isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing (CIBR), Beijing, China
| | - Cunle Guo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Applying dimensional psychopathology: transdiagnostic associations among regional homogeneity, leptin and depressive symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:248. [PMID: 32699219 PMCID: PMC7376105 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimensional psychopathology and its neurobiological underpinnings could provide important insights into major psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. In a dimensional transdiagnostic approach, we examined depressive symptoms and their relationships with regional homogeneity and leptin across major psychiatric disorders. A total of 728 participants (including 403 patients with major psychiatric disorders and 325 age-gender-matched healthy controls) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at a single site. We obtained plasma leptin levels and depressive symptom measures (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)) within 24 h of scanning and compared the regional homogeneity (ReHo), plasma leptin levels and HAMD total score and factor scores between patients and healthy controls. To reveal the potential relationships, we performed correlational and mediational analyses. Patients with major psychiatric disorders had significant lower ReHo in primary sensory and visual association cortices and higher ReHo in the frontal cortex and angular gyrus; plasma leptin levels were also elevated. Furthermore, ReHo alterations, leptin and HAMD factor scores had significant correlations. We also found that leptin mediated the transdiagnostic relationships among ReHo alterations in primary somatosensory and visual association cortices, core depressive symptoms and body mass index. The transdiagnostic associations we demonstrated support the common neuroanatomical substrates and neurobiological mechanisms. Moreover, leptin could be an important association among ReHo, core depressive symptoms and body mass index, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for dimensional depressive symptoms across major psychiatric disorders.
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Allen BD, Syage AR, Maroso M, Baddour AAD, Luong V, Minasyan H, Giedzinski E, West BL, Soltesz I, Limoli CL, Baulch JE, Acharya MM. Mitigation of helium irradiation-induced brain injury by microglia depletion. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:159. [PMID: 32429943 PMCID: PMC7236926 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cosmic radiation exposures have been found to elicit cognitive impairments involving a wide-range of underlying neuropathology including elevated oxidative stress, neural stem cell loss, and compromised neuronal architecture. Cognitive impairments have also been associated with sustained microglia activation following low dose exposure to helium ions. Space-relevant charged particles elicit neuroinflammation that persists long-term post-irradiation. Here, we investigated the potential neurocognitive benefits of microglia depletion following low dose whole body exposure to helium ions. Methods Adult mice were administered a dietary inhibitor (PLX5622) of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) to deplete microglia 2 weeks after whole body helium irradiation (4He, 30 cGy, 400 MeV/n). Cohorts of mice maintained on a normal and PLX5622 diet were tested for cognitive function using seven independent behavioral tasks, microglial activation, hippocampal neuronal morphology, spine density, and electrophysiology properties 4–6 weeks later. Results PLX5622 treatment caused a rapid and near complete elimination of microglia in the brain within 3 days of treatment. Irradiated animals on normal diet exhibited a range of behavioral deficits involving the medial pre-frontal cortex and hippocampus and increased microglial activation. Animals on PLX5622 diet exhibited no radiation-induced cognitive deficits, and expression of resting and activated microglia were almost completely abolished, without any effects on the oligodendrocyte progenitors, throughout the brain. While PLX5622 treatment was found to attenuate radiation-induced increases in post-synaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) puncta and to preserve mushroom type spine densities, other morphologic features of neurons and electrophysiologic measures of intrinsic excitability were relatively unaffected. Conclusions Our data suggest that microglia play a critical role in cosmic radiation-induced cognitive deficits in mice and, that approaches targeting microglial function are poised to provide considerable benefit to the brain exposed to charged particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Amber R Syage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mattia Maroso
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Al Anoud D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Valerie Luong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Harutyun Minasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Singh H, Chmura J, Bhaumik R, Pandey GN, Rasenick MM. Membrane-Associated α-Tubulin Is Less Acetylated in Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex from Depressed Subjects Relative to Controls: Cytoskeletal Dynamics, HDAC6, and Depression. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4033-4041. [PMID: 32284336 PMCID: PMC7219287 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3033-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins and post-translational modifications play a role in mood disorders. Post-translational modifications of tubulin also alter microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, tubulin interacts closely with Gαs, the G-protein responsible for activation of adenylyl cyclase. Postmortem tissue derived from depressed suicide brain showed increased Gαs in lipid-raft domains compared with normal subjects. Gαs, when ensconced in lipid rafts, couples less effectively with adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, and this is reversed by antidepressant treatment. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that tubulin anchors Gαs to lipid rafts and that increased tubulin acetylation (due to HDAC6 inhibition) and antidepressant treatment decreased the proportion of Gαs complexed with tubulin. This suggested that deacetylated-tubulin might be more prevalent in depression. This study examined tubulin acetylation in whole-tissue homogenate, plasma membrane, and lipid-raft membrane domains in tissue from normal control subjects, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides (human males/females). While tissue homogenate showed no changes in tubulin acetylation between control, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides, plasma membrane-associated tubulin showed significant decreases in acetylation from depressed suicides and depressed nonsuicides compared with controls. No change was seen in expression of the enzymes responsible for tubulin acetylation or deacetylation. These data suggest that, during depression, membrane-localized tubulin maintains a lower acetylation state, permitting increased sequestration of Gαs in lipid-raft domains, where it is less likely to couple to adenylyl cyclase for cAMP production. Thus, membrane tubulin may play a role in mood disorders, which could be exploited for diagnosis and treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is little understanding about the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of depression and, in severe cases, suicide. Evidence for the role of microtubule modifications in progression of depressive disorders is emerging. These postmortem data provide strong evidence for membrane tubulin modification leading to reduced efficacy of the G protein, Gαs, in depression. This study reveals a direct link between decreased tubulin acetylation in human depression and the increased localization of Gαs in lipid-raft domains responsible for attenuated cAMP signaling. The evidence presented here suggest a novel diagnostic and therapeutic locus for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runa Bhaumik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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26
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Omelchenko A, Menon H, Donofrio SG, Kumar G, Chapman HM, Roshal J, Martinez-Montes ER, Wang TL, Spaller MR, Firestein BL. Interaction Between CRIPT and PSD-95 Is Required for Proper Dendritic Arborization in Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2479-2493. [PMID: 32157575 PMCID: PMC7176523 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CRIPT, the cysteine-rich PDZ-binding protein, binds to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95 (postsynaptic density protein 95) family proteins and directly binds microtubules, linking PSD-95 family proteins to the neuronal cytoskeleton. Here, we show that overexpression of a full-length CRIPT leads to a modest decrease, and knockdown of CRIPT leads to an increase in dendritic branching in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Overexpression of truncated CRIPT lacking the PDZ domain-binding motif, which does not bind to PSD-95, significantly decreases dendritic arborization. Conversely, overexpression of a full-length CRIPT significantly increases the number of immature and mature dendritic spines, and this effect is not observed when CRIPT∆PDZ is overexpressed. Competitive inhibition of CRIPT binding to the third PDZ domain of PSD-95 with PDZ3-binding peptides resulted in differential effects on dendritic arborization based on the origin of respective peptide sequence. These results highlight multifunctional roles of CRIPT during development and underscore the significance of the interaction between CRIPT and the third PDZ domain of PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Harita Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Sarah G Donofrio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Heidi M Chapman
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Joshua Roshal
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Eduardo R Martinez-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA
| | - Tiffany L Wang
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Mark R Spaller
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Medical Education and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA.
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Aβ-Mediated Dysregulation of F-Actin Nanoarchitecture Leads to Loss of Dendritic Spines and Alzheimer's Disease-Related Cognitive Impairments. J Neurosci 2019; 38:5840-5842. [PMID: 29950454 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0844-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Taoufik E, Kouroupi G, Zygogianni O, Matsas R. Synaptic dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases: an overview of induced pluripotent stem-cell-based disease models. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180138. [PMID: 30185603 PMCID: PMC6170506 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction in CNS disorders is the outcome of perturbations in physiological synapse structure and function, and can be either the cause or the consequence in specific pathologies. Accumulating data in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, point to a neurodevelopmental origin of these pathologies. Due to a relatively early onset of behavioural and cognitive symptoms, it is generally acknowledged that mental illness initiates at the synapse level. On the other hand, synaptic dysfunction has been considered as an endpoint incident in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, mainly due to the considerably later onset of clinical symptoms and progressive appearance of cognitive deficits. This dichotomy has recently been challenged, particularly since the discovery of cell reprogramming technologies and the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from patient somatic cells. The creation of 'disease-in-a-dish' models for multiple CNS pathologies has revealed unexpected commonalities in the molecular and cellular mechanisms operating in both developmental and degenerative conditions, most of which meet at the synapse level. In this review we discuss synaptic dysfunction in prototype neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing overlapping features of synaptopathy that have been suggested by studies using induced pluripotent stem-cell-based systems. These valuable disease models have highlighted a potential neurodevelopmental component in classical neurodegenerative diseases that is worth pursuing and investigating further. Moving from demonstration of correlation to understanding mechanistic causality forms the basis for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Taoufik
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kouroupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania Zygogianni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Rebecca Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vassilissis Sofias Avenue, 11521 Athens, Greece
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Li MX, Qiao H, Zhang M, Ma XM. Role of Cdk5 in Kalirin7-Mediated Formation of Dendritic Spines. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1243-1251. [PMID: 30875016 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02771-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A majority of excitatory synapses in the brain are localized on the dendritic spines. Alterations of spine density and morphology are associated with many neurological diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying spine formation is important for understanding these diseases. Kalirin7 (Kal-7) is localized to the postsynaptic side of excitatory synapses in the neurons. Overexpression of Kal-7 causes an increase in spine density whereas knockdown expression of endogenous Kal-7 results in a decrease in spine density in primary cultured cortical neurons. However, the mechanisms underlying Kal-7-mediated spine formation are not entirely clear. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) plays a vital role in the formation of spines and synaptic plasticity. Kal-7 is phosphorylated by CDK5 at Thr1590, the unique Cdk5 phosphorylation site in the Kal-7 protein. This study was to explore the role of CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of Kal-7 in spine formation and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed expression of Kal-7T/D (mimicked phosphorylation), Kal-7T/A mutants (blocked phosphorylation) or wild-type (Wt) Kal-7 caused in a similar increase in spine density, while spine size of Wt Kal-7-expressing cortical neurons was bigger than that in Kal-7 T\A-expressing neurons, but smaller than that in Kal-7T/D-expressing neurons. The fluorescence intensity of NMDA receptor subunit NR2B (GluN2B) staining was stronger along the MAP2 positive dendrites of Kal-7T/D-expressing neurons than that in Kal-7T/A- or Wt Kal-7-expressing neurons. The fluorescence intensity of AMPA receptor subunit GluR1 (GluA1) staining showed the same trend as GluN2B staining. These findings suggest that Cdk5 affects the function of Kal-7 on spine morphology and function via GluN2B and GluA1 receptors during dendritic spine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Bioresource Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Ming Ma
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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30
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Xia M, Womer FY, Chang M, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Edmiston EK, Jiang X, Wei S, Duan J, Xu K, Tang Y, He Y, Wang F. Shared and Distinct Functional Architectures of Brain Networks Across Psychiatric Disorders. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:450-463. [PMID: 29897593 PMCID: PMC6403059 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brain network alterations have increasingly been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known about the similarities and differences in functional brain networks among patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD. A total of 512 participants (121 with SCZ, 100 with BD, 108 with MDD, and 183 healthy controls, matched for age and sex) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at a single site. Four global measures (the clustering coefficient, the characteristic shortest path length, the normalized clustering coefficient, and the normalized characteristic path length) were computed at a voxel level to quantify segregated and integrated configurations. Inter-regional functional associations were examined based on the Euclidean distance between regions. Distance strength maps were used to localize regions with altered distances based on functional connectivity. Patient groups exhibited shifts in their network architectures toward randomized configurations, with SCZ>BD>MDD in the degree of randomization. Patient groups displayed significantly decreased short-range connectivity and increased medium-/long-range connectivity. Decreases in short-range connectivity were similar across the SZ, BD, and MDD groups and were primarily distributed in the primary sensory and association cortices and the thalamus. Increases in medium-/long-range connectivity were differentially localized within the prefrontal cortices among the patient groups. We highlight shared and distinct connectivity features in functional brain networks among patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD, which expands our understanding of the common and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and provides crucial insights into neuroimaging-based methods for the early diagnosis of and interventions for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Elliot Kale Edmiston
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jia Duan
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yong He
- National Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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31
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Schaefer ML, Wang M, Perez PJ, Coca Peralta W, Xu J, Johns RA. Nitric Oxide Donor Prevents Neonatal Isoflurane-induced Impairments in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory. Anesthesiology 2019; 130:247-262. [PMID: 30601214 PMCID: PMC6538043 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
WHAT WE ALREADY KNOW ABOUT THIS TOPIC Some general anesthetics have been shown to have adverse effects on neuronal development that affect neural function and cognitive behavior.Clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics inhibit the postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, discs large homolog, and zona occludens-1 (PDZ) domain-mediated protein-protein interaction between PSD-95 or PSD-93 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors or neuronal NO synthase. WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW Neonatal PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide treatment mimics the effects of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) by altering dendritic spine morphology, neural plasticity, and memory without inducing detectable increases in apoptosis or changes in synaptic density.These results indicate that a single dose of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) or PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide alters dendritic spine architecture and functions important for cognition in the developing brain. This impairment can be prevented by administration of the NO donor molsidomine. BACKGROUND In humans, multiple early exposures to procedures requiring anesthesia constitute a significant risk factor for development of learning disabilities and disorders of attention. In animal studies, newborns exposed to anesthetics develop long-term deficits in cognition. Previously, our laboratory showed that postsynaptic density (PSD)-95, discs large homolog, and zona occludens-1 (PDZ) domains may serve as a molecular target for inhaled anesthetics. This study investigated a role for PDZ interactions in spine development, plasticity, and memory as a potential mechanism for early anesthetic exposure-produced cognitive impairment. METHODS Postnatal day 7 mice were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 h or injected with 8 mg/kg active PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide. Apoptosis, hippocampal dendritic spine changes, synapse density, long-term potentiation, and cognition functions were evaluated (n = 4 to 18). RESULTS Exposure of postnatal day 7 mice to isoflurane or PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide causes a reduction in long thin spines (median, interquartile range [IQR]: wild type control [0.54, 0.52 to 0.86] vs. wild type isoflurane [0.31, 0.16 to 0.38], P = 0.034 and PDZ2MUT [0.86, 0.67 to 1.0] vs. PDZ2WT [0.55, 0.53 to 0.59], P = 0.028), impairment in long-term potentiation (median, IQR: wild type control [123, 119 to 147] and wild type isoflurane [101, 96 to 118], P = 0.049 and PDZ2MUT [125, 119 to 131] and PDZ2WT [104, 97 to 107], P = 0.029), and deficits in acute object recognition (median, IQR: wild type control [79, 72 to 88] vs. wild type isoflurane [63, 55 to 72], P = 0.044 and PDZ2MUT [81, 69 to 84] vs. PDZ2WT [67, 57 to 77], P = 0.039) at postnatal day 21 without inducing detectable differences in apoptosis or changes in synaptic density. Impairments in recognition memory and long-term potentiation were preventable by introduction of a NO donor. CONCLUSIONS Early disruption of PDZ domain-mediated protein-protein interactions alters spine morphology, synaptic function, and memory. These results support a role for PDZ interactions in early anesthetic exposure-produced cognitive impairment. Prevention of recognition memory and long-term potentiation deficits with a NO donor supports a role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/PSD-95/neuronal NO synthase pathway in mediating these aspects of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Schaefer
- From the Department Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Loss of Sfrp2 contributes to the neurological disorders related with morphine withdrawal via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:609-618. [PMID: 30291843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphine administration is a medical problem characterized by compulsive opioid use that causes terrible negative consequences. The exact mechanisms of morphine-induced dependence and morphine withdrawal symptoms remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed that the upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays important roles in morphine exposure and morphine withdrawal. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (Sfrp2) can prevent the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by competing with the Frizzled receptor for Wnt ligands. We conducted this study aimed to evaluate the effect of iatrogenic trauma induced by stereotactic surgery and the protective effect of stereotaxic Sfrp2 injection on morphine withdrawal symptoms in Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Many techniques including western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation were used. Anxiety-related behaviors, morphine withdrawal syndrome, and dendritic spines were also examined in male SD rats after morphine treatment and stereotaxic injection of Sfrp2. Western blot results suggested that Wnt signaling was activated in the nucleus accumbens of SD rats suffering from morphine withdrawal and that Sfrp2 attenuated the overexpression of Wnt signaling. Similarly, the withdrawal-like symptoms of morphine dependent rats were abrogated by intracerebral Sfrp2 injection. The iatrogenic trauma induced by stereotactic surgery showed no influence on the Wnt signaling and withdrawal-like symptoms. Moreover, the results of Golgi-cox staining and DiI staining indicated that the damage on proximal spine density caused by morphine treatment was restored by intracerebral Sfrp2 injection. Together, the data presented here indicated that Sfrp2 abrogated the neurological disorders and loss of proximal spine related with morphine withdrawal via Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Tyebji S, Seizova S, Hannan AJ, Tonkin CJ. Toxoplasmosis: A pathway to neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 96:72-92. [PMID: 30476506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that resides, in a latent form, in the human central nervous system. Infection with Toxoplasma drastically alters the behaviour of rodents and is associated with the incidence of specific neuropsychiatric conditions in humans. But the question remains: how does this pervasive human pathogen alter behaviour of the mammalian host? This fundamental question is receiving increasing attention as it has far reaching public health implications for a parasite that is very common in human populations. Our current understanding centres on neuronal changes that are elicited directly by this intracellular parasite versus indirect changes that occur due to activation of the immune system within the CNS, or a combination of both. In this review, we explore the interactions between Toxoplasma and its host, the proposed mechanisms and consequences on neuronal function and mental health, and discuss Toxoplasma infection as a public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiraz Tyebji
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Simona Seizova
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Christopher J Tonkin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
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Synaptic structural protein dysfunction leads to altered excitation inhibition ratios in models of autism spectrum disorder. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:207-214. [PMID: 30465851 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Genetics is believed to play a key role in the development of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and a plethora of potential candidate genes have been identified by genetic characterization of patients, their family members and controls. To make sense of this information investigators have searched for common pathways and downstream properties of neural networks that are regulated by these genes. For instance, several candidate genes encode synaptic proteins, and one hypothesis that has emerged is that disruption of the synaptic excitation and inhibition (E/I) balance would destabilize neural processing and lead to ASD phenotypes. Some compelling evidence for this has come from the analyses of mouse and culture models with defects in synaptic structural proteins, which influence several aspects of synapse biology and is the subject of this review. Remaining challenges include identifying the specifics that distinguish ASD from other psychiatric diseases and designing more direct tests of the E/I balance hypothesis.
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Jiang S, Hao Z, Li X, Bo L, Zhang R, Wang Y, Duan X, Kang R, Huang L. Ketamine destabilizes growth of dendritic spines in developing hippocampal neurons in vitro via a Rho‑dependent mechanism. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5037-5043. [PMID: 30280188 PMCID: PMC6236282 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of anesthetics on the developing brain has caused concern. Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, is widely used as a general pediatric anesthetic. Recent studies suggested that ketamine alters the plasticity of dendritic spines in the developing brain and may be an important contributing factor to learning and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ketamine on the plasticity of dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons and the potential underlying mechanisms. After 5 days in vitro, rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to different concentrations (100, 300 and 500 µM) of ketamine for 6 h. Ketamine decreased the number and length of dendritic spines in a dose-dependent manner. Ketamine at a concentration of 300 µM caused an upregulation of transforming protein RhoA (RhoA) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) protein. These effects were inhibited by the ROCK inhibitor Y27632. These results suggested that ketamine induces loss and shortening of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons via activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zimiao Hao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xuze Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Rongtian Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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Chronic asthma-induced behavioral and hippocampal neuronal morphological changes are concurrent with BDNF, cofilin1 and Cdc42/RhoA alterations in immature mice. Brain Res Bull 2018; 143:194-206. [PMID: 30227235 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have found that persistent hypoxia caused by chronic asthma, especially during childhood, affects the development and function of the brain, but the mechanism is unclear. In the present study, BDNF and its signal pathway was investigated in mediating chronic asthma induced-neuronal changes that lead to behavior alterations. METHODS The chronic asthma model was induced by sensitization with ovalbumin for more than 9 weeks in immature mice. Morris water maze test (MWMT), open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze test (EPMT) were used to conduct behavioral evaluation. Neuronal morphology in hippocampal CA1, CA3 and DG was assessed using ImageJ's Sholl plugin and RESCONSTRUCT software. BDNF signaling pathway related molecules was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS Chronic asthma does affect the behavioral performances of immature mice evaluated in MWMT, OFT, and EPMT. The analysis by three-dimensional reconstruction software found that following the behavioral alteration of asthmatic mice, dendritic changes also occurred in hippocampal neurons, including shortened dendrite length, significantly reduced number of dendritic branches, decreased density of dendritic spines, and reduced percentage of functional dendritic spine types. At the same time, by immunofluorescence and western blotting, we also found that alterations in dendritic morphology were consistent with activation of cofilin1 and changes in BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA levels. Some of the changes mentioned above can be alleviated by intranasal administration of budesonide. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that response similar to nicotine withdrawal or/and hypoxia induced by childhood chronic asthma enhances the BDNF-Cdc42/RhoA signaling pathway and activates cofilin1, leading to the remodeling of actin, causing the loss of dendritic spines and atrophy of dendrites, eventually resulting in behavioral alterations.
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Wei Y, Chang M, Womer FY, Zhou Q, Yin Z, Wei S, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Yao X, Duan J, Xu K, Zuo XN, Tang Y, Wang F. Local functional connectivity alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2018; 236:266-273. [PMID: 29751242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local functional connectivity (FC) indicates local or short-distance functional interactions and may serve as a neuroimaging marker to investigate the human brain connectome. Local FC alterations suggest a disrupted balance in the local functionality of the whole brain network and are increasingly implicated in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS We aim to examine the similarities and differences in the local FC across SZ, BD, and MDD. In total, 537 participants (SZ, 126; BD, 97; MDD, 126; and healthy controls, 188) completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at a single site. The local FC at resting state was calculated and compared across SZ, BD, and MDD. RESULTS The local FC increased across SZ, BD, and MDD within the bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and additional region in the left OFC extending to putamen and decreased in the primary visual, auditory, and motor cortices, right supplemental motor area, and bilateral thalami. There was a gradient in the extent of alterations such that SZ > BD > MDD. LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot consider medications and other clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a disrupted balance between network integration and segregation in SZ, BD, and MDD, including over-integration via increased local FC in the OFC and diminished segregation of neural processing with the weakening of the local FC in the primary sensory cortices and thalamus. The shared local FC abnormalities across SZ, BD, and MDD may shed new light on the potential biological mechanisms underlying these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Miao Chang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Fay Y Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100000, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Brain Function Research Section, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Michaelsen‐Preusse K, Feuge J, Korte M. Imbalance of synaptic actin dynamics as a key to fragile X syndrome? J Physiol 2018; 596:2773-2782. [PMID: 29380377 PMCID: PMC6046079 DOI: 10.1113/jp275571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experiences and memories define who we are, and evidence has accumulated that memory formation is dependent on functional and structural adaptations of synaptic structures in our brain. Especially dendritic spines, the postsynaptic compartments of synapses show a strong structure-to-function relationship and a high degree of structural plasticity. Although the molecular mechanisms are not completely understood, it is known that these modifications are highly dependent on the actin cytoskeleton, the major cytoskeletal component of the spine. Given the crucial involvement of actin in these mechanisms, dysregulations of spine actin dynamics (reflected by alterations in dendritic spine morphology) can be found in a variety of neurological disorders ranging from schizophrenia to several forms of autism spectrum disorders such as fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS is caused by a single mutation leading to an inactivation of the X-linked fragile X mental retardation 1 gene and loss of its gene product, the RNA-binding protein fragile X mental retardation protein 1 (FMRP), which normally can be found both pre- and postsynaptically. FMRP is involved in mRNA transport as well as regulation of local translation at the synapse, and although hundreds of FMRP-target mRNAs could be identified only a very few interactions between FMRP and actin-regulating proteins have been reported and validated. In this review we give an overview of recent work by our lab and others providing evidence that dysregulated actin dynamics might indeed be at the very base of a deeper understanding of neurological disorders ranging from cognitive impairment to the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Michaelsen‐Preusse
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular NeurobiologyTU BraunschweigSpielmannstr. 7Braunschweig38106Germany
| | - Jonas Feuge
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular NeurobiologyTU BraunschweigSpielmannstr. 7Braunschweig38106Germany
| | - Martin Korte
- Zoological Institute, Division of Cellular NeurobiologyTU BraunschweigSpielmannstr. 7Braunschweig38106Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchAG NINDInhoffenstr. 7Braunschweig38124Germany
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Newpher TM, Harris S, Pringle J, Hamilton C, Soderling S. Regulation of spine structural plasticity by Arc/Arg3.1. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 77:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Yu J, Lai C, Shim H, Xie C, Sun L, Long CX, Ding J, Li Y, Cai H. Genetic ablation of dynactin p150 Glued in postnatal neurons causes preferential degeneration of spinal motor neurons in aged mice. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:10. [PMID: 29490687 PMCID: PMC5831668 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynactin p150Glued, the largest subunit of the dynactin macromolecular complex, binds to both microtubules and tubulin dimers through the N-terminal cytoskeleton-associated protein and glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) and basic domains, and serves as an anti-catastrophe factor in stabilizing microtubules in neurons. P150Glued also initiates dynein-mediated axonal retrograde transport. Multiple missense mutations at the CAP-Gly domain of p150Glued are associated with motor neuron diseases and other neurodegenerative disorders, further supporting the importance of microtubule domains (MTBDs) in p150Glued functions. However, most functional studies were performed in vitro. Whether p150Glued is required for neuronal function and survival in vivo is unknown. METHODS Using Cre-loxP genetic manipulation, we first generated a line of p150Glued knock-in mice by inserting two LoxP sites flanking the MTBD-coding exons 2 to 4 of p150Glued-encoding Dctn1 gene (Dctn1LoxP/), and then crossbred the resulting Dctn1LoxP/ mice with Thy1-Cre mice to generate the bigenic p150Glued (Dctn1LoxP/LoxP; Thy1-Cre) conditional knockout (cKO) mice for the downstream motor behavioral and neuropathological studies. RESULTS P150Glued expression was completely abolished in Cre-expressing postnatal neurons, including corticospinal motor neurons (CSMNs) and spinal motor neurons (SMNs), while the MTBD-truncated forms remained. P150Glued ablation did not affect the formation of dynein/dynactin complex in neurons. The p150Glued cKO mice did not show any obvious developmental phenotypes, but exhibited impairments in motor coordination and rearing after 12 months of age. Around 20% loss of SMNs was found in the lumbar spinal cord of 18-month-old cKO mice, in company with increased gliosis, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disintegration and muscle atrophy. By contrast, no obvious degeneration of CSMNs, striatal neurons, midbrain dopaminergic neurons, cerebellar granule cells or Purkinje cells was observed. Abnormal accumulation of acetylated α-tubulin, and autophagosome/lysosome proteins was found in the SMNs of aged cKO mice. Additionally, the total and cell surface levels of glutamate receptors were also substantially elevated in the p150Glued-depleted spinal neurons, in correlation with increased vulnerability to excitotoxicity. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings demonstrate that p150Glued is particularly required to maintain the function and survival of SMNs during aging. P150Glued may exert its protective function through regulating the transportation of autophagosomes, lysosomes, and postsynaptic glutamate receptors in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100095, People's Republic of China
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
- Present address: Symptom Management Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hoon Shim
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, 10467, USA
| | - Chengsong Xie
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
| | - Cai-Xia Long
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA
- Dendrite Morphogenesis and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Core, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Li
- NINDS Protein/Peptide Sequencing Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-3707, USA.
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Aβ mediates F-actin disassembly in dendritic spines leading to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2018; 38:1085-1099. [PMID: 29246925 PMCID: PMC5792472 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2127-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spine loss is recognized as an early feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Dendritic spine structure is defined by filamentous actin (F-actin) and we observed depolymerization of synaptosomal F-actin accompanied by increased globular-actin (G-actin) at as early as 1 month of age in a mouse model of AD (APPswe/PS1ΔE9, male mice). This led to recall deficit after contextual fear conditioning (cFC) at 2 months of age in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 male mice, which could be reversed by the actin-polymerizing agent jasplakinolide. Further, the F-actin-depolymerizing agent latrunculin induced recall deficit after cFC in WT mice, indicating the importance of maintaining F-/G-actin equilibrium for optimal behavioral response. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), we show that F-actin depolymerization in spines leads to a breakdown of the nano-organization of outwardly radiating F-actin rods in cortical neurons from APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice. Our results demonstrate that synaptic dysfunction seen as F-actin disassembly occurs very early, before onset of pathological hallmarks in AD mice, and contributes to behavioral dysfunction, indicating that depolymerization of F-actin is causal and not consequent to decreased spine density. Further, we observed decreased synaptosomal F-actin levels in postmortem brain from mild cognitive impairment and AD patients compared with subjects with normal cognition. F-actin decrease correlated inversely with increasing AD pathology (Braak score, Aβ load, and tangle density) and directly with performance in episodic and working memory tasks, suggesting its role in human disease pathogenesis and progression.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Synaptic dysfunction underlies cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The cytoskeletal protein actin plays a critical role in maintaining structure and function of synapses. Using cultured neurons and an AD mouse model, we show for the first time that filamentous actin (F-actin) is lost selectively from synapses early in the disease process, long before the onset of classical AD pathology. We also demonstrate that loss of synaptic F-actin contributes directly to memory deficits. Loss of synaptosomal F-actin in human postmortem tissue correlates directly with decreased performance in memory test and inversely with AD pathology. Our data highlight that synaptic cytoarchitectural changes occur early in AD and they may be targeted for the development of therapeutics.
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Cognitive impairments associated with alterations in synaptic proteins induced by the genetic loss of adenosine A 2A receptors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang J, Gong J, Li L, Chen Y, Liu L, Gu H, Luo X, Hou F, Zhang J, Song R. Neurexin gene family variants as risk factors for autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2017; 11:37-43. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jianhua Gong
- Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital of Luohu District; Shenzhen 518019 China
| | - Li Li
- Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital of Luohu District; Shenzhen 518019 China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Maternity and Children Health Care Hospital of Luohu District; Shenzhen 518019 China
| | - Lingfei Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - HuaiTing Gu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Xiu Luo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fang Hou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health; University of South Carolina; Columbia SC 29208
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health; Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430030 China
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Cross-talk between the epigenome and neural circuits in drug addiction. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 235:19-63. [PMID: 29054289 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a behavioral disorder characterized by dysregulated learning about drugs and associated cues that result in compulsive drug seeking and relapse. Learning about drug rewards and predictive cues is a complex process controlled by a computational network of neural connections interacting with transcriptional and molecular mechanisms within each cell to precisely guide behavior. The interplay between rapid, temporally specific neuronal activation, and longer-term changes in transcription is of critical importance in the expression of appropriate, or in the case of drug addiction, inappropriate behaviors. Thus, these factors and their interactions must be considered together, especially in the context of treatment. Understanding the complex interplay between epigenetic gene regulation and circuit connectivity will allow us to formulate novel therapies to normalize maladaptive reward behaviors, with a goal of modulating addictive behaviors, while leaving natural reward-associated behavior unaffected.
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Sgarbieri VC, Pacheco MTB. Premature or pathological aging: longevity. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this literature review was to summarize and characterize the main factors and events that may negatively influence quality of life and human longevity. The factors that act on premature aging processes are essentially the same as those of natural or healthy aging, but in a more intense and uncontrolled manner. Such factors are: 1) genetic (genome); 2) metabolic (metabolome); 3) environmental (life conditions and style, including diet). Factors 1 and 2 are more difficult to control by individuals; once depending on socioeconomic, cultural and educational conditions. Differently of environmental factors that may be totally controlled by individuals. Unfamiliarity with these factors leads to chronic and/or degenerative diseases that compromise quality of life and longevity.
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D'Souza D, D'Souza H, Karmiloff-Smith A. Precursors to language development in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers: the importance of embracing complexity. JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE 2017; 44:591-627. [PMID: 28393740 DOI: 10.1017/s030500091700006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand how language abilities emerge in typically and atypically developing infants and toddlers, it is important to embrace complexity in development. In this paper, we describe evidence that early language development is an experience-dependent process, shaped by diverse, interconnected, interdependent developmental mechanisms, processes, and abilities (e.g. statistical learning, sampling, functional specialization, visual attention, social interaction, motor ability). We also present evidence from our studies on neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome) that variations in these factors significantly contribute to language delay. Finally, we discuss how embracing complexity, which involves integrating data from different domains and levels of description across developmental time, may lead to a better understanding of language development and, critically, lead to more effective interventions for cases when language develops atypically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean D'Souza
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andUCL Institute of Education,University College London,London,UK
| | - Hana D'Souza
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andLondon Down Syndrome Consortium,University College London,London,UK
| | - Annette Karmiloff-Smith
- Centre for Brain & Cognitive Development,Birkbeck,University of London,London,UK, andLondon Down Syndrome Consortium,University College London,London,UK
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Accumulation of Polyribosomes in Dendritic Spine Heads, But Not Bases and Necks, during Memory Consolidation Depends on Cap-Dependent Translation Initiation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1862-1872. [PMID: 28087764 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3301-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation in dendrites is believed to support synaptic changes during memory consolidation. Although translational control mechanisms are fundamental mediators of memory, little is known about their role in local translation. We previously found that polyribosomes accumulate in dendritic spines of the adult rat lateral amygdala (LA) during consolidation of aversive pavlovian conditioning and that this memory requires cap-dependent initiation, a primary point of translational control in eukaryotic cells. Here we used serial electron microscopy reconstructions to quantify polyribosomes in LA dendrites when consolidation was blocked by the cap-dependent initiation inhibitor 4EGI-1. We found that 4EGI-1 depleted polyribosomes in dendritic shafts and selectively prevented their upregulation in spine heads, but not bases and necks, during consolidation. Cap-independent upregulation was specific to spines with small, astrocyte-associated synapses. Our results reveal that cap-dependent initiation is involved in local translation during learning and that local translational control varies with synapse type.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Translation initiation is a central regulator of long-term memory formation. Local translation in dendrites supports memory by providing necessary proteins at synaptic sites, but it is unknown whether this requires initiation or bypasses it. We used serial electron microscopy reconstructions to examine polyribosomes in dendrites when memory formation was blocked by an inhibitor of translation initiation. This revealed two major pools of polyribosomes that were upregulated during memory formation: one pool in dendritic spine heads that was initiation dependent and another pool in the bases and necks of small spines that was initiation independent. Thus, translation regulation differs between spine types and locations, and translation that occurs closest to individual synapses during memory formation is initiation dependent.
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Yadav S, Oses-Prieto JA, Peters CJ, Zhou J, Pleasure SJ, Burlingame AL, Jan LY, Jan YN. TAOK2 Kinase Mediates PSD95 Stability and Dendritic Spine Maturation through Septin7 Phosphorylation. Neuron 2017; 93:379-393. [PMID: 28065648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in dendritic spines are manifestations of several neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases. TAOK2 is one of the genes in the 16p11.2 locus, copy number variations of which are associated with autism and schizophrenia. Here, we show that the kinase activity of the serine/threonine kinase encoded by TAOK2 is required for spine maturation. TAOK2 depletion results in unstable dendritic protrusions, mislocalized shaft-synapses, and loss of compartmentalization of NMDA receptor-mediated calcium influx. Using chemical-genetics and mass spectrometry, we identified several TAOK2 phosphorylation targets. We show that TAOK2 directly phosphorylates the cytoskeletal GTPase Septin7, at an evolutionary conserved residue. This phosphorylation induces translocation of Septin7 to the spine, where it associates with and stabilizes the scaffolding protein PSD95, promoting dendritic spine maturation. This study provides a mechanistic basis for postsynaptic stability and compartmentalization via TAOK2-Sept7 signaling, with implications toward understanding the potential role of TAOK2 in neurological deficits associated with the 16p11.2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Yadav
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Christian J Peters
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lily Y Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biophysics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Cheng K, Li J, Yang D, Yang Y, Rao C, Zhang S, Wang W, Guo H, Fang L, Zhu D, Han Y, Xie P. 2D-gel based proteomics unravels neurogenesis and energetic metabolism dysfunction of the olfactory bulb in CUMS rat model. Behav Brain Res 2016; 313:302-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Arnold M, Cross R, Singleton KS, Zlatic S, Chapleau C, Mullin AP, Rolle I, Moore CC, Theibert A, Pozzo-Miller L, Faundez V, Larimore J. The Endosome Localized Arf-GAP AGAP1 Modulates Dendritic Spine Morphology Downstream of the Neurodevelopmental Disorder Factor Dysbindin. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:218. [PMID: 27713690 PMCID: PMC5031601 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AGAP1 is an Arf1 GTPase activating protein that interacts with the vesicle-associated protein complexes adaptor protein 3 (AP-3) and Biogenesis of Lysosome Related Organelles Complex-1 (BLOC-1). Overexpression of AGAP1 in non-neuronal cells results in an accumulation of endosomal cargoes, which suggests a role in endosome-dependent traffic. In addition, AGAP1 is a candidate susceptibility gene for two neurodevelopmental disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ); yet its localization and function in neurons have not been described. Here, we describe that AGAP1 localizes to axons, dendrites, dendritic spines and synapses, colocalizing preferentially with markers of early and recycling endosomes. Functional studies reveal overexpression and down-regulation of AGAP1 affects both neuronal endosomal trafficking and dendritic spine morphology, supporting a role for AGAP1 in the recycling endosomal trafficking involved in their morphogenesis. Finally, we determined the sensitivity of AGAP1 expression to mutations in the DTNBP1 gene, which is associated with neurodevelopmental disorder, and found that AGAP1 mRNA and protein levels are selectively reduced in the null allele of the mouse ortholog of DTNBP1. We postulate that endosomal trafficking contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders affecting dendritic spine morphology, and thus excitatory synapse structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Arnold
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Cross
- Department of Biology, Agnes-Scott College Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Kaela S Singleton
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Christopher Chapleau
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Isaiah Rolle
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, The Medical School of Ohio University Athens, OH, USA
| | - Carlene C Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anne Theibert
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Pozzo-Miller
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA
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