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Demeter DV, Greene DJ. The promise of precision functional mapping for neuroimaging in psychiatry. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01941-z. [PMID: 39085426 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Precision functional mapping (PFM) is a neuroimaging approach to reliably estimate metrics of brain function from individual people via the collection of large amounts of fMRI data (hours per person). This method has revealed much about the inter-individual variation of functional brain networks. While standard group-level studies, in which we average brain measures across groups of people, are important in understanding the generalizable neural underpinnings of neuropsychiatric disorders, many disorders are heterogeneous in nature. This heterogeneity often complicates clinical care, leading to patient uncertainty when considering prognosis or treatment options. We posit that PFM methods may help streamline clinical care in the future, fast-tracking the choice of personalized treatment that is most compatible with the individual. In this review, we provide a history of PFM studies, foundational results highlighting the benefits of PFM methods in the pursuit of an advanced understanding of individual differences in functional network organization, and possible avenues where PFM can contribute to clinical translation of neuroimaging research results in the way of personalized treatment in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damion V Demeter
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Zhu X, Wen M, He Y, Feng J, Xu X, Liu J. The Relationship Between Level of Education, Cognitive Function and Medication Adherence in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:2439-2450. [PMID: 38029047 PMCID: PMC10657742 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s424694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several studies have explored the relationship between level of education and medication adherence, as well as the relationship between level of education and cognitive function. However, there have been few studies on the relationships between level of education, cognitive function, and medication adherence. This study aimed to explore whether cognitive function has a mediating effect between level of education and medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Patients and Methods A total of 329 participants were included in this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, and medication adherence using the Medication Adherence Questionnaire. The relationships between the clinical factors and cognitive function that contributed to medication adherence were tested through multivariable linear regression analysis. The mediating effect of medication adherence was tested using the bootstrapping approach with the PROCESS macro. Results Family history, insight and executive function were associated with medication adherence in individuals with schizophrenia, and executive function had a mediating effect between level of education and medication adherence. Conclusion Adopting specific education programs that promote cognitive development as well as actively intervening in executive function might be conducive to improve medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying He
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Feng
- Inpatient Department, Ningxia Mental Health Center, Ningxia Ning-An Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Xu
- Inpatient Department, Ningxia Mental Health Center, Ningxia Ning-An Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
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Shah P, Kaneria A, Fleming G, Williams CRO, Sullivan RM, Lemon CH, Smiley J, Saito M, Wilson DA. Homeostatic NREM sleep and salience network function in adult mice exposed to ethanol during development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1267542. [PMID: 38033546 PMCID: PMC10682725 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1267542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental exposure to ethanol is a leading cause of cognitive, emotional and behavioral problems, with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) affecting more than 1:100 children. Recently, comorbid sleep deficits have been highlighted in these disorders, with sleep repair a potential therapeutic target. Animal models of FASD have shown non-REM (NREM) sleep fragmentation and slow-wave oscillation impairments that predict cognitive performance. Here we use a mouse model of perinatal ethanol exposure to explore whether reduced sleep pressure may contribute to impaired NREM sleep, and compare the function of a brain network reported to be impacted by insomnia-the Salience network-in developmental ethanol-exposed mice with sleep-deprived, saline controls. Mice were exposed to ethanol or saline on postnatal day 7 (P7) and allowed to mature to adulthood for testing. At P90, telemetered cortical recordings were made for assessment of NREM sleep in home cage before and after 4 h of sleep deprivation to assess basal NREM sleep and homeostatic NREM sleep response. To assess Salience network functional connectivity, mice were exposed to the 4 h sleep deprivation period or left alone, then immediately sacrificed for immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos expression. The results show that developmental ethanol severely impairs both normal rebound NREM sleep and sleep deprivation induced increases in slow-wave activity, consistent with reduced sleep pressure. Furthermore, the Salience network connectome in rested, ethanol-exposed mice was most similar to that of sleep-deprived, saline control mice, suggesting a sleep deprivation-like state of Salience network function after developmental ethanol even without sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Shah
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
| | - Aayush Kaneria
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
| | - Gloria Fleming
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
| | - Colin R. O. Williams
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
| | - Regina M. Sullivan
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christian H. Lemon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - John Smiley
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY,United States
| | - Mariko Saito
- Division of Neurochemistry, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY,United States
| | - Donald A. Wilson
- Emotional Brain Institute, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY,United States
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Hsieh TH, Shaw FZ, Kung CC, Liang SF. Seed correlation analysis based on brain region activation for ADHD diagnosis in a large-scale resting state data set. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1082722. [PMID: 37767136 PMCID: PMC10520784 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1082722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of multifactorial pathogenesis, which is often accompanied by dysfunction in several brain functional connectivity. Resting-state functional MRI have been used in ADHD, and they have been proposed as a possible biomarker of diagnosis information. This study's primary aim was to offer an effective seed-correlation analysis procedure to investigate the possible biomarker within resting state brain networks as diagnosis information. Method Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of 149 childhood ADHD were analyzed. In this study, we proposed a two-step hierarchical analysis method to extract functional connectivity features and evaluation by linear classifiers and random sampling validation. Result The data-driven method-ReHo provides four brain regions (mPFC, temporal pole, motor area, and putamen) with regional homogeneity differences as second-level seeds for analyzing functional connectivity differences between distant brain regions. The procedure reduces the difficulty of seed selection (location, shape, and size) in estimations of brain interconnections, improving the search for an effective seed; The features proposed in our study achieved a success rate of 83.24% in identifying ADHD patients through random sampling (saving 25% as the test set, while the remaining data was the training set) validation (using a simple linear classifier), surpassing the use of traditional seeds. Conclusion This preliminary study examines the feasibility of diagnosing ADHD by analyzing the resting-state fMRI data from the ADHD-200 NYU dataset. The data-driven model provides a precise way to find reliable seeds. Data-driven models offer precise methods for finding reliable seeds and are feasible across different datasets. Moreover, this phenomenon may reveal that using a data-driven approach to build a model specific to a single data set may be better than combining several data and creating a general model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hao Hsieh
- Department of Computer Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chia Kung
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Liang
- Department of Computer Science and Information, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37511879 PMCID: PMC10381534 DOI: 10.3390/life13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder in which patients often experience feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and pleasure. Exercise is a widely used intervention for managing depression, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are unclear. In this narrative review, we aim to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effect and discuss the various exercise interventions used for managing depression. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the topic of exercise and depression. Our review suggests that exercise impacts peripheral tryptophan metabolism, central inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating factor 1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscles. The uncarboxylated osteocalcin facilitates "bone-brain crosstalk", and exercise corrects atypical expression of brain-gut peptides, modulates cytokine production and neurotransmitter release, and regulates inflammatory pathways and microRNA expression. Aerobic exercise is recommended at frequencies of 3 to 5 times per week with medium to high intensity. Here we highlight the significant potential of exercise therapy in managing depression, supported by the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect. Understanding the molecular pathways and neural mechanisms involved in exercise's antidepressant effect opens new avenues for developing novel therapies for managing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
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Levitt JJ, Zhang F, Vangel M, Nestor PG, Rathi Y, Cetin-Karayumak S, Kubicki M, Coleman MJ, Lewandowski KE, Holt DJ, Keshavan M, Bouix S, Öngür D, Breier A, Shenton ME, O'Donnell LJ. The organization of frontostriatal brain wiring in non-affective early psychosis compared with healthy subjects using a novel diffusion imaging fiber cluster analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2301-2311. [PMID: 37173451 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in brain connectivity may underlie neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. We here assessed the degree of convergence of frontostriatal fiber projections in 56 young adult healthy controls (HCs) and 108 matched Early Psychosis-Non-Affective patients (EP-NAs) using our novel fiber cluster analysis of whole brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography. METHODS Using whole brain tractography and our fiber clustering methodology on harmonized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis we identified 17 white matter fiber clusters that connect frontal cortex (FCtx) and caudate (Cd) per hemisphere in each group. To quantify the degree of convergence and, hence, topographical relationship of these fiber clusters, we measured the inter-cluster mean distances between the endpoints of the fiber clusters at the level of the FCtx and of the Cd, respectively. RESULTS We found (1) in both groups, bilaterally, a non-linear relationship, yielding convex curves, between FCtx and Cd distances for FCtx-Cd connecting fiber clusters, driven by a cluster projecting from inferior frontal gyrus; however, in the right hemisphere, the convex curve was more flattened in EP-NAs; (2) that cluster pairs in the right (p = 0.03), but not left (p = 0.13), hemisphere were significantly more convergent in HCs vs EP-NAs; (3) in both groups, bilaterally, similar clusters projected significantly convergently to the Cd; and, (4) a significant group by fiber cluster pair interaction for 2 right hemisphere fiber clusters (numbers 5, 11; p = .00023; p = .00023) originating in selective PFC subregions. CONCLUSIONS In both groups, we found the FCtx-Cd wiring pattern deviated from a strictly topographic relationship and that similar clusters projected significantly more convergently to the Cd. Interestingly, we also found a significantly more convergent pattern of connectivity in HCs in the right hemisphere and that 2 clusters from PFC subregions in the right hemisphere significantly differed in their pattern of connectivity between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Levitt
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - F Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Vangel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - P G Nestor
- Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, 02301, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Y Rathi
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Cetin-Karayumak
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - M Kubicki
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M J Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - K E Lewandowski
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - D J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - M Keshavan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - S Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology, École de technologie supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - D Öngür
- McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - A Breier
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - M E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - L J O'Donnell
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Source Localization of Somatosensory Neural Generators in Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020370. [PMID: 36831913 PMCID: PMC9954543 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, where differences are often present relating to the performance of motor skills. Our previous work elucidated unique event-related potential patterns of neural activity in those with ADHD when performing visuomotor and force-matching motor paradigms. The purpose of the current study was to identify whether there were unique neural sources related to somatosensory function and motor performance in those with ADHD. Source localization (sLORETA) software identified areas where neural activity differed between those with ADHD and neurotypical controls when performing a visuomotor tracing task and force-matching task. Median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were elicited, while whole-head electroencephalography (EEG) was performed. sLORETA localized greater neural activity post-FMT in those with ADHD, when compared with their baseline activity (p < 0.05). Specifically, greater activity was exhibited in BA 31, precuneus, parietal lobe (MNI coordinates: X = -5, Y = -75, and Z = 20) at 156 ms post stimulation. No significant differences were found for any other comparisons. Increased activity within BA 31 in those with ADHD at post-FMT measures may reflect increased activation within the default mode network (DMN) or attentional changes, suggesting a unique neural response to the sensory processing of force and proprioceptive afferent input in those with ADHD when performing motor skills. This may have important functional implications for motor tasks dependent on similar proprioceptive afferent input.
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Trempler I, Heimsath A, Nieborg J, Bradke B, Schubotz RI, Ohrmann P. Ignore the glitch but mind the switch: Positive effects of methylphenidate on cognition in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are related to prediction gain. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:177-185. [PMID: 36252347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychological symptoms such as inattention and distractibility constitute a core characteristic of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we tested the hypothesis that attentional dysfunctions result from a deficit in neural gain modulation, which translates into difficulty in predictively weighting relevant sensory input while ignoring distraction. We compared thirty-seven hitherto untreated adults diagnosed with ADHD and thirty-eight healthy participants with a serial switch-drift task that requires internal models of predictable digit sequences to be either updated or stabilized. Switches between sequences that had to be indicated by key presses and digit omissions within a sequence (drifts) that should be ignored varied by stimulus-bound surprise quantified as Shannon information. To investigate whether catecholaminergic modulation by increasing extracellular norepinephrine and dopamine levels leads to an amelioration in prediction gain, participants were tested twice, with patients receiving a single dose of methylphenidate, a norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor, in the second session. Patients and controls differed in both updating and stabilizing, depending on the respective event surprise. Specifically, patients showed difficulty in detecting expectable switches, while having greater difficulty to ignore surprising distractions. Thus, underconfident prior beliefs in ADHD may fail to appropriately weight expected relevant input, whereas the gain of neural responses to unexpected irrelevant distractors is increased. Methylphenidate improved both flexibility and stability of prediction and had a positive effect on selective responding over time. Our results suggest that ADHD is associated with an impairment in the use of prior expectations to optimally weight sensory inputs, which is improved by increasing catecholaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima Trempler
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; LWL-Hospital Muenster, Germany.
| | - Alexander Heimsath
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Nieborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Bradke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Ricarda I Schubotz
- Department of Psychology, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- Otto-Creutzfeldt-Center for Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; LWL-Hospital Muenster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
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Specific tractography differences in autism compared to developmental coordination disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19246. [PMID: 36376319 PMCID: PMC9663575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
About 85% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience comorbid motor impairments, making it unclear whether white matter abnormalities previously found in ASD are related to social communication deficits, the hallmark of ASD, or instead related to comorbid motor impairment. Here we aim to understand specific white matter signatures of ASD beyond those related to comorbid motor impairment by comparing youth (aged 8-18) with ASD (n = 22), developmental coordination disorder (DCD; n = 16), and typically developing youth (TD; n = 22). Diffusion weighted imaging was collected and quantitative anisotropy, radial diffusivity, mean diffusivity, and axial diffusivity were compared between the three groups and correlated with social and motor measures. Compared to DCD and TD groups, diffusivity differences were found in the ASD group in the mid-cingulum longitudinal and u-fibers, the corpus callosum forceps minor/anterior commissure, and the left middle cerebellar peduncle. Compared to the TD group, the ASD group had diffusivity differences in the right inferior frontal occipital/extreme capsule and genu of the corpus callosum. These diffusion differences correlated with emotional deficits and/or autism severity. By contrast, children with DCD showed unique abnormality in the left cortico-spinal and cortico-pontine tracts.Trial Registration All data are available on the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive: https://nda.nih.gov/edit_collection.html?id=2254 .
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Kromer JA, Tass PA. Synaptic reshaping of plastic neuronal networks by periodic multichannel stimulation with single-pulse and burst stimuli. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010568. [PMID: 36327232 PMCID: PMC9632832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is associated with several brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Utilizing synaptic plasticity, brain stimulation is capable of reshaping synaptic connectivity. This may pave the way for novel therapies that specifically counteract pathological synaptic connectivity. For instance, in PD, novel multichannel coordinated reset stimulation (CRS) was designed to counteract neuronal synchrony and down-regulate pathological synaptic connectivity. CRS was shown to entail long-lasting therapeutic aftereffects in PD patients and related animal models. This is in marked contrast to conventional deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, where PD symptoms return shortly after stimulation ceases. In the present paper, we study synaptic reshaping by periodic multichannel stimulation (PMCS) in networks of leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). During PMCS, phase-shifted periodic stimulus trains are delivered to segregated neuronal subpopulations. Harnessing STDP, PMCS leads to changes of the synaptic network structure. We found that the PMCS-induced changes of the network structure depend on both the phase lags between stimuli and the shape of individual stimuli. Single-pulse stimuli and burst stimuli with low intraburst frequency down-regulate synapses between neurons receiving stimuli simultaneously. In contrast, burst stimuli with high intraburst frequency up-regulate these synapses. We derive theoretical approximations of the stimulation-induced network structure. This enables us to formulate stimulation strategies for inducing a variety of network structures. Our results provide testable hypotheses for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and suggest that periodic multichannel stimulation may be suitable for reshaping plastic neuronal networks to counteract pathological synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, we provide novel insight on how the stimulus type may affect the long-lasting outcome of conventional DBS. This may strongly impact parameter adjustment procedures for clinical DBS, which, so far, primarily focused on acute effects of stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus A Kromer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter A Tass
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and white matter integrity moderated by in-scanner head motion. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:434. [PMID: 36202807 PMCID: PMC9537185 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common and debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder associated with various negative life impacts. The manifestation of ADHD is very heterogeneous, and previous investigations on neuroanatomical alterations in ADHD have yielded inconsistent results. We investigated the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion and ADHD hyperactivity severity on motion-corrected fractional anisotropy (FA) using diffusion tensor imaging in the currently largest sample (n = 739) of medication-naïve children and adolescents (age range 5-22 years). We used automated tractography to examine whole-brain and mean FA of the tracts most frequently reported in ADHD; corpus callosum forceps major and forceps minor, left and right superior-longitudinal fasciculus, and left and right corticospinal tract (CST). Associations between FA and hyperactivity severity appeared when in-scanner head motion was not accounted for as mediator. However, causal mediation analysis revealed that these effects are fully mediated through in-scanner head motion for whole-brain FA, the corpus callosum forceps minor, and left superior-longitudinal fasciculus. Direct effect of hyperactivity severity on FA was only found for the left CST. This study illustrates the crucial role of in-scanner head motion in the identification of white matter integrity alterations in ADHD and shows how neglecting irremediable motion artifacts causes spurious findings. When the mediating effect of in-scanner head motion on FA is accounted for, an association between hyperactivity severity and FA is only present for the left CST; this may play a crucial role in the manifestation of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms in ADHD.
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12
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Dutta CN, Christov-Moore L, Ombao H, Douglas PK. Neuroprotection in late life attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review of pharmacotherapy and phenotype across the lifespan. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:938501. [PMID: 36226261 PMCID: PMC9548548 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.938501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, psychostimulants have been the gold standard pharmaceutical treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In the United States, an astounding 9% of all boys and 4% of girls will be prescribed stimulant drugs at some point during their childhood. Recent meta-analyses have revealed that individuals with ADHD have reduced brain volume loss later in life (>60 y.o.) compared to the normal aging brain, which suggests that either ADHD or its treatment may be neuroprotective. Crucially, these neuroprotective effects were significant in brain regions (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala) where severe volume loss is linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Historically, the ADHD diagnosis and its pharmacotherapy came about nearly simultaneously, making it difficult to evaluate their effects in isolation. Certain evidence suggests that psychostimulants may normalize structural brain changes typically observed in the ADHD brain. If ADHD itself is neuroprotective, perhaps exercising the brain, then psychostimulants may not be recommended across the lifespan. Alternatively, if stimulant drugs are neuroprotective, then this class of medications may warrant further investigation for their therapeutic effects. Here, we take a bottom-up holistic approach to review the psychopharmacology of ADHD in the context of recent models of attention. We suggest that future studies are greatly needed to better appreciate the interactions amongst an ADHD diagnosis, stimulant treatment across the lifespan, and structure-function alterations in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintya Nirvana Dutta
- Biostatistics Group, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Leonardo Christov-Moore
- Brain and Creativity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hernando Ombao
- Biostatistics Group, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pamela K. Douglas
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Irie K, Doi M, Usui N, Shimada S. Evolution of the Human Brain Can Help Determine Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:871979. [PMID: 35431788 PMCID: PMC9010664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.871979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of humans brought about a co-occurring evolution of the human brain, which is far larger and more complex than that of many other organisms. The brain has evolved characteristically in humans in many respects, including macro-and micro-anatomical changes in the brain structure, changes in gene expression, and cell populations and ratios. These characteristics are essential for the execution of higher functions, such as sociality, language, and cognition, which express humanity, and are thought to have been acquired over evolutionary time. However, with the acquisition of higher functions also comes the risk of the disease in which they fail. This review focuses on human brain evolution and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and discusses brain development, molecular evolution, and human brain evolution. Discussing the potential for the development and pathophysiology of NDDs acquired by human brain evolution will provide insights into the acquisition and breakdown of higher functions from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Irie
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Center for Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Miyuki Doi
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Noriyoshi Usui,
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
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14
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O'Neill J, O'Connor MJ, Kalender G, Ly R, Ng A, Dillon A, Narr KL, Loo SK, Alger JR, Levitt JG. Combining neuroimaging and behavior to discriminate children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder with and without prenatal alcohol exposure. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:69-77. [PMID: 34089460 PMCID: PMC8643366 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00477-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In many patients, ostensible idiopathic attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may actually stem from covert prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), a treatment-relevant distinction. This study attempted a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) classification of children with ADHD into those with PAE (ADHD+PAE) and those without (ADHD-PAE) using neurobehavioral instruments alongside magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of supraventricular brain white matter. Neurobehavioral, MRS, and DTI endpoints had been suggested by prior findings. Participants included children aged 8-13 years, 23 with ADHD+PAE, 19 with familial ADHD-PAE, and 28 typically developing (TD) controls. With area-under-the-curve (AUC) >0.90, the Conners 3 Parent Rating Scale Inattention (CIn) and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (CHp) scores and the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF2) excellently distinguished the clinical groups from TD, but not from each other (AUC < 0.70). Combinations of MRS glutamate (Glu) and N-acetyl-compounds (NAA) and DTI mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) yielded "good" (AUC > 0.80) discrimination. Neuroimaging combined with CIn and BRI achieved AUC 0.72 and AUC 0.84, respectively. But neuroimaging combined with CHp yielded 14 excellent combinations with AUC ≥ 0.90 (all p < 0.0005), the best being Glu·AD·RD·CHp/(NAA·FA) (AUC 0.92, sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.82, p < 0.0005). Using Cho in lieu of Glu yielded AUC 0.83. White-matter microstructure and metabolism may assist efforts to discriminate ADHD etiologies and to detect PAE, beyond the ability of commonly used neurobehavioral measures alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Neill
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mary J O'Connor
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Guldamla Kalender
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Ly
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ng
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Dillon
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurospectroscopics, LLC, Sherman Oaks, CA, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer G Levitt
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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15
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Larsen N, Craig BT, Hilderley AJ, Virani S, Murias K, Brooks BL, Kirton A, Carlson HL. Frontal interhemispheric structural connectivity, attention, and executive function in children with perinatal stroke. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2433. [PMID: 34825521 PMCID: PMC8785614 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal stroke affects ∼1 in 1000 births and concomitant cognitive impairments are common but poorly understood. Rates of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are increased 5-10× and executive dysfunction can be disabling. We used diffusion imaging to investigate whether stroke-related differences in frontal white matter (WM) relate to cognitive impairments. Anterior forceps were isolated using tractography and sampled along the tract. Resulting metrics quantified frontal WM microstructure. Associations between WM metrics and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms (ADHD-5 rating scale) and executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)) were explored. Eighty-three children were recruited (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS] n = 26; periventricular venous infarction [PVI] n = 26; controls n = 31). WM metrics were altered for stroke groups compared to controls. Along-tract analyses showed differences in WM metrics in areas approximating the lesion as well as more remote differences at midline and in the nonlesioned hemisphere. WM metrics correlated with parental ratings of ADHD and executive function such that higher diffusivity values were associated with poorer function. These findings suggest that underlying microstructure of frontal white matter quantified via tractography may provide a relevant biomarker associated with cognition and behavior in children with perinatal stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Larsen
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brandon T Craig
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Alicia J Hilderley
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Shane Virani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kara Murias
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Brian L Brooks
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Adam Kirton
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Helen L Carlson
- Calgary Pediatric Stroke Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Lee D, Quattrocki Knight E, Song H, Lee S, Pae C, Yoo S, Park HJ. Differential structure-function network coupling in the inattentive and combined types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260295. [PMID: 34851976 PMCID: PMC8635373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous presentation of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) warrants further investigation into brain network connectivity as a basis for subtype divisions in this prevalent disorder. With diffusion and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Healthy Brain Network database, we analyzed both structural and functional network efficiency and structure-functional network (SC-FC) coupling at the default mode (DMN), executive control (ECN), and salience (SAN) intrinsic networks in 201 children diagnosed with the inattentive subtype (ADHD-I), the combined subtype (ADHD-C), and typically developing children (TDC) to characterize ADHD symptoms relative to TDC and to test differences between ADHD subtypes. Relative to TDC, children with ADHD had lower structural connectivity and network efficiency in the DMN, without significant group differences in functional networks. Children with ADHD-C had higher SC-FC coupling, a finding consistent with diminished cognitive flexibility, for all subnetworks compared to TDC. The ADHD-C group also demonstrated increased SC-FC coupling in the DMN compared to the ADHD-I group. The correlation between SC-FC coupling and hyperactivity scores was negative in the ADHD-I, but not in the ADHD-C group. The current study suggests that ADHD-C and ADHD-I may differ with respect to their underlying neuronal connectivity and that the added dimensionality of hyperactivity may not explain this distinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongha Lee
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cognitive Science Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Elizabeth Quattrocki Knight
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hyunjoo Song
- Department of Educational Psychology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebyul Lee
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongwon Pae
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sol Yoo
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Center for Systems and Translational Brain Sciences, Institute of Human Complexity and Systems Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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17
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Prefrontal and frontostriatal structures mediate academic outcomes associated with ADHD symptoms. BRAIN DISORDERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Furlong S, Cohen JR, Hopfinger J, Snyder J, Robertson MM, Sheridan MA. Resting-state EEG Connectivity in Young Children with ADHD. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2021; 50:746-762. [PMID: 32809852 PMCID: PMC7889746 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2020.1796680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and impairing neurodevelopmental disorder. While early childhood is a crucial time for early intervention, it is characterized by instability of ADHD diagnosis. Neural correlates of ADHD have potential to improve diagnostic accuracy; however, minimal research has focused on early childhood. Research indicates that disrupted neural connectivity is associated with ADHD in older children. Here, we explore network connectivity as a potential neural correlate of ADHD diagnosis in early childhood.Method: We collected EEG data in 52 medication-naïve children with ADHD and in 77 typically developing controls (3-7 years). Data was collected with the EGI 128 HydroCel Sensor Net System, but to optimize the ICA, the data was down sampled to the 10-10 system. Connectivity was measured as the synchronization of the time series of each pair of electrodes. Subsequent analyses utilized graph theoretical methods to further characterize network connectivity.Results: Increased global efficiency, which measures the efficiency of information transfer across the entire brain, was associated with increased inattentive symptom severity. Further, this association was robust to controls for age, IQ, SES, and internalizing psychopathology.Conclusions: Overall, our findings indicate that increased global efficiency, which suggests a hyper-connected neural network, is associated with elevated ADHD symptom severity. These findings extend previous work reporting disruption of neural network connectivity in older children with ADHD into early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Furlong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jessica R. Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Hopfinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenna Snyder
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeline M. Robertson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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19
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Zhong Y, An L, Wang Y, Yang L, Cao Q. Functional abnormality in the sensorimotor system attributed to NRXN1 variants in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:967-976. [PMID: 34687402 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired sensorimotor circuits have been suggested in Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). NRXN1, highly expressed in cortex and cerebellum, was one of the candidate risk genes for ADHD, while its effects on sensorimotor circuits are unclear. In this content, we aimed to investigate the differential brain effects as functions of the cumulative genetic effects of NRXN1 variants in ADHD and healthy controls (HCs), identifying a potential pathway mapping from NRXN1, sensorimotor circuits, to ADHD. Magnetic resonance imaging, blood samples and clinical assessments were acquired from 53 male ADHD and 46 sex-matched HCs simultaneously. The effects of the cumulative genetic effects of NRXN1 variants valued by poly-variant risk score (PRS), on brain function was measured by resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of cerebrocerebellar circuits. Mediation analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between NRXN1, functional abnormality, and ADHD diagnosis, as well as ADHD symptoms. The results were validated by bootstrapping and 10,000 times permutation tests. The rs-FC analyses demonstrated significant mediation models for ADHD diagnosis, and emphasized the involvement of cerebellum, middle cingulate gyrus and temporal gyrus, which are crucial parts of sensorimotor circuits. The current study suggested NRXN1 conferred risk for ADHD by regulating the function of sensorimotor circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Zhong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li An
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Qingjiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Huayuan Bei Road 51, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
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20
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Abstract
Human functional brain networks can be reliably characterized within individuals using precision functional mapping. This approach entails the collection of large quantities of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from each individual subject. Studies employing precision functional mapping in the cerebral cortex have found that individuals manifest unique representations of functional brain networks around a central tendency described by previous group average approaches. We recently extended precision functional mapping to the subcortex and cerebellum, which has revealed several novel organizational principles within these structures. Here, we detail these principles and provide insights into how precision functional mapping of subcortical structures and the cerebellum may become clinically translatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Deanna J Greene
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego
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21
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A Novel Knowledge Distillation-Based Feature Selection for the Classification of ADHD. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081093. [PMID: 34439759 PMCID: PMC8393979 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder with characteristics such as lack of concentration, excessive fidgeting, outbursts of emotions, lack of patience, difficulty in organizing tasks, increased forgetfulness, and interrupting conversation, and it is affecting millions of people worldwide. There is, until now, not a gold standard test using which an ADHD expert can differentiate between an individual with ADHD and a healthy subject, making accurate diagnosis of ADHD a challenging task. We are proposing a Knowledge Distillation-based approach to search for discriminating features between the ADHD and healthy subjects. Learned embeddings from a large neural network, trained on the functional connectivity features, were fed to one hidden layer Autoencoder for reproduction of the embeddings using the same connectivity features. Finally, a forward feature selection algorithm was used to select a combination of most discriminating features between the ADHD and the Healthy Controls. We achieved promising classification results for each of the five individual sites. A combined accuracy of 81% in KKI, 60% Peking, 56% in NYU, 64% NI, and 56% OHSU and individual site wise accuracy of 72% in KKI, 60% Peking, 73% in NYU, 70% NI, and 71% OHSU were obtained using our extracted features. Our results also outperformed state-of-the-art methods in literature which validates the efficacy of our proposed approach.
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22
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Duffy KA, Rosch KS, Nebel MB, Seymour KE, Lindquist MA, Pekar JJ, Mostofsky SH, Cohen JR. Increased integration between default mode and task-relevant networks in children with ADHD is associated with impaired response control. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 50:100980. [PMID: 34252881 PMCID: PMC8278154 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Default mode network (DMN) dysfunction is theorized to play a role in attention lapses and task errors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, the DMN is hyperconnected to task-relevant networks, and both increased functional connectivity and reduced activation are related to poor task performance. The current study extends existing literature by considering interactions between the DMN and task-relevant networks from a brain network perspective and by assessing how these interactions relate to response control. We characterized both static and time-varying functional brain network organization during the resting state in 43 children with ADHD and 43 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. We then related aspects of network integration to go/no-go performance. We calculated participation coefficient (PC), a measure of a region’s inter-network connections, for regions of the DMN, canonical cognitive control networks (fronto-parietal, salience/cingulo-opercular), and motor-related networks (somatomotor, subcortical). Mean PC was higher in children with ADHD as compared to TD children, indicating greater integration across networks. Further, higher and less variable PC was related to greater commission error rate in children with ADHD. Together, these results inform our understanding of the role of the DMN and its interactions with task-relevant networks in response control deficits in ADHD. The DMN is more integrated with task-relevant networks in children with ADHD. Higher and less variable DMN integration relates to poorer response control in ADHD. DMN dysfunction may play a key role in response control deficits in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Keri S Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen E Seymour
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Pekar
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica R Cohen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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23
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Kuriki S, Higuchi S, Nakayama H, Mihara S, Okazaki Y, Ono Y, Kobayashi H. Neurobiological influence of comorbid conditions in young patients diagnosed with gaming disorder: A whole-brain functional connectivity study based on a data driven method. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233780. [PMID: 32469991 PMCID: PMC7259694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaming disorder, which is characterized by multiple cognitive and behavioral symptoms, often has comorbid psychiatric conditions such as depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurobiological effects of the comorbid disorders so far reported are not converging, exhibiting positive and negative alterations of the connectivity in brain networks. In this study, we conducted resting-state functional magnetic-resonance imaging and whole brain functional connectivity analyses for young participants consisting of 40 patients diagnosed with the gaming disorder, with and without comorbid conditions, and 29 healthy controls. Compared to healthy controls, the gaming disorder-alone patients had partially diminished connectivities in the reward system and executive control network, within which there existed central nodes that served as a hub of diminished connections. In the gaming disorder patients who had comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder, the diminished connections were enlarged, with alteration of the hub nodes, to the entire brain areas involved in the reward system including cortical, subcortical and limbic areas that are crucial for reward processing, and to the whole cortical areas composing the executive control network. These observations suggest that the neurodevelopmental condition coexisting with the gaming disorder induced substantial impairment of the neural organizations associated with executive/cognitive and emotional functions, which are plausibly causal to the behavioral addiction, by rearranging and diminishing functional connectivities in the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Kuriki
- School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Susumu Higuchi
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Satoko Mihara
- National Hospital Organization Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Okazaki
- Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumie Ono
- School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- School of Information Environment, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang XH, Xu J, Li L. Estimating individual scores of inattention and impulsivity based on dynamic features of intrinsic connectivity network. Neurosci Lett 2020; 724:134874. [PMID: 32114120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inattention and impulsivity are the two most important indices for evaluations of ADHD. Currently, inattention and impulsivity were evaluated by clinical scales. The intelligent evaluation of the two indices using machine learning remains largely unexplored. This paper aimed to build regression modes for inattention and impulsivity based on resting state fMRI and additional measures, and discover the associating features for the two indices. To achieve these goals, a cohort of 95 children with ADHD as well as 105 healthy controls were selected from the ADHD-200 database. The raw features were consisted of univariate dynamic estimators of intrinsic connectivity network (ICNs), head motion, and additional measures. The regression models were solved using support vector regression (SVR). The performance of the regression models was evaluated by cross-validations. The performance of regression models based on ICNs outperformed that based on regional measures. The estimated clinical scores were significantly correlated to inattention (r = 0.4 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) and impulsivity (r = 0.31 ± 0.02, p < 0.01). The most associating ICNs are sensorimotor network (SMN) for inattention and executive control network (ECN) for impulsivity. The results suggested that inattention and impulsivity could be estimated using machine learning, and the intra-ICN dynamics could be supplementary features for regression models of clinical scores of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Heng Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Fournier A, Gauthier B, Guay MC, Parent V. Design Fluency in Children with ADHD and Comorbid Disorders. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E172. [PMID: 32192012 PMCID: PMC7139708 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with frontal executive impairment in children. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently accompany ADHD, but the impact of these comorbid disorders on cognition remains elusive. The five-point test (FPT), a design fluency task, has been shown to be sensitive to neurological damage, specifically to frontal lobe lesions in patients with brain injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of neurotypical children with that of children with ADHD, ADHD-ODD, and ADHD-AD on the FPT in order to examine whether these groups could be distinguished from one another based on their cognitive profile. METHODS A total of 111 children aged 8 to 11 years old participated in the study. Six measures from the FPT were used to characterize their performance. RESULTS Statistically significant differences between groups were observed for five of the six FPT measures. Essentially, children with ADHD-ODD made more repeated designs than the three other groups (control p > 0.001, ADHD p = 0.008, ADHD-AD p = 0.008), while children with ADHD-AD produced fewer total and correct designs than the control and ADHD groups (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS This suggests that comorbidities have an additive impact on the cognitive profile of children with ADHD. Design fluency may be a sensitive measure for capturing the subtle cognitive deficits that are likely to be involved in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Fournier
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada; (A.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Bruno Gauthier
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Laval Campus, Laval, QC H7N 0B6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Guay
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada;
| | - Véronique Parent
- Department of Psychology, University of Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC J4K 0A8, Canada; (A.F.); (V.P.)
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26
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Bu X, Yang C, Liang K, Lin Q, Lu L, Zhang L, Li H, Gao Y, Tang S, Hu X, Wang Y, Hu X, Wang M, Huang X. Quantitative tractography reveals changes in the corticospinal tract in drug-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:134-141. [PMID: 31765114 PMCID: PMC7828908 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.190024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific role of the corticospinal tract with respect to inattention and impulsive symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been explored in the past. However, to our knowledge, no study has identified the exact regions of the corticospinal tract that are affected in ADHD. We aimed to determine comprehensive alterations in the white matter microstructure of the corticospinal tract and underlying neuropsychological substrates in ADHD. METHODS We recruited 38 drug-naïve children with ADHD and 34 typically developing controls. We employed a tract-based quantitative approach to measure diffusion parameters along the trajectory of the corticospinal tract, and we further correlated alterations with attention and response inhibition measures. RESULTS Compared with controls, children with ADHD demonstrated significantly lower fractional anisotropy and higher radial diffusivity at the level of cerebral peduncle, and higher fractional anisotropy at the level of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in the right corticospinal tract only. As well, increased fractional anisotropy in the posterior limb of the internal capsule was negatively correlated with continuous performance test attention quotients and positively correlated with reaction time on the Stroop Colour–Word Test; increased radial diffusivity in the right peduncle region was positively correlated with omissions in the Stroop test. LIMITATIONS The sample size was relatively small. Moreover, we did not consider the different subtypes of ADHD and lacked sufficient power to analyze subgroup differences. Higher-order diffusion modelling is needed in future white matter studies. CONCLUSION We demonstrated specific changes in the right corticospinal tract in children with ADHD. Correlations with measures of attention and response inhibition underscored the functional importance of corticospinal tract disturbance in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Bu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Chuang Yang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Kaili Liang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Qingxia Lin
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Lu Lu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Hailong Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Yingxue Gao
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Shi Tang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Yanlin Wang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Xinyu Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Meihao Wang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China (Bu, Liang, Lu, Zhang, Li, Gao, Tang, Hu, Wang, Hu, Huang); the Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Yang, Lin); and the Department of Radiology, Wenzhou Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nan Bai Xiang, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China (Wang)
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27
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Greene DJ, Marek S, Gordon EM, Siegel JS, Gratton C, Laumann TO, Gilmore AW, Berg JJ, Nguyen AL, Dierker D, Van AN, Ortega M, Newbold DJ, Hampton JM, Nielsen AN, McDermott KB, Roland JL, Norris SA, Nelson SM, Snyder AZ, Schlaggar BL, Petersen SE, Dosenbach NUF. Integrative and Network-Specific Connectivity of the Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Defined in Individuals. Neuron 2020; 105:742-758.e6. [PMID: 31836321 PMCID: PMC7035165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebral cortex form an interconnected network implicated in many neurological and psychiatric illnesses. A better understanding of cortico-subcortical circuits in individuals will aid in development of personalized treatments. Using precision functional mapping-individual-specific analysis of highly sampled human participants-we investigated individual-specific functional connectivity between subcortical structures and cortical functional networks. This approach revealed distinct subcortical zones of network specificity and multi-network integration. Integration zones were systematic, with convergence of cingulo-opercular control and somatomotor networks in the ventral intermediate thalamus (motor integration zones), dorsal attention and visual networks in the pulvinar, and default mode and multiple control networks in the caudate nucleus. The motor integration zones were present in every individual and correspond to consistently successful sites of deep brain stimulation (DBS; essential tremor). Individually variable subcortical zones correspond to DBS sites with less consistent treatment effects, highlighting the importance of PFM for neurosurgery, neurology, and psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Joshua S Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caterina Gratton
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Timothy O Laumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrian W Gilmore
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Berg
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna Dierker
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew N Van
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mario Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dillan J Newbold
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Hampton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashley N Nielsen
- Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen B McDermott
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jarod L Roland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott A Norris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bradley L Schlaggar
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven E Petersen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nico U F Dosenbach
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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28
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Fontes RM, Marinho V, Carvalho V, Rocha K, Magalhães F, Moura I, Ribeiro P, Velasques B, Cagy M, Gupta DS, Bastos VH, Teles AS, Teixeira S. Time estimation exposure modifies cognitive aspects and cortical activity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:999-1014. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1715394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhailana Medeiros Fontes
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Iris Moura
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daya S. Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, USA
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ariel Soares Teles
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-Innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
- Masters Programs in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
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Early Attentional Modulation by Working Memory Training in Young Adult ADHD Patients during a Risky Decision-Making Task. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10010038. [PMID: 31936483 PMCID: PMC7017173 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Working memory (WM) deficits and impaired decision making are among the characteristic symptoms of patients affected by attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The inattention associated with the disorder is likely to be due to functional deficits of the neural networks inhibiting irrelevant sensory input. In the presence of unnecessary information, a good decisional process is impaired and ADHD patients tend to take risky decisions. This study is aimed to test the hypothesis that the level of difficulty of a WM training (WMT) is affecting the top-down modulation of the attentional processes in a probabilistic gambling task. Methods: Event-related potentials (ERP) triggered by the choice of the amount wagered in the gambling task were recorded, before and after WMT with a the dual n-back task, in young ADHD adults and matched controls. For each group of participants, randomly assigned individuals were requested to perform WMT with a fixed baseline level of difficulty. The remaining participants were trained with a performance-dependent adaptive n-level of difficulty. Results: We compared the ERP recordings before and after 20 days of WMT in each subgroup. The analysis was focused on the time windows with at least three recording sites showing differences before and after training, after Bonferroni correction ( p < 0.05 ). In ADHD, the P1 wave component was selectively affected at frontal sites and its shape was recovered close to controls' only after adaptive training. In controls, the strongest contrast was observed at parietal level with a left hemispheric dominance at latencies near 900 ms, more after baseline than after adaptive training. Conclusion: Partial restoration of early selective attentional processes in ADHD patients might occur after WMT with a high cognitive load. Modified frontal sites' activities might constitute a neural marker of this effect in a gambling task. In controls, conversely, an increase in late parietal negativity might rather be a marker of an increase in transfer effects to fluid intelligence.
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30
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Green T, Saggar M, Ishak A, Hong DS, Reiss AL. X-Chromosome Effects on Attention Networks: Insights from Imaging Resting-State Networks in Turner Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3176-3183. [PMID: 28981595 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is strongly affected by sex, but sex chromosomes' effect on brain attention networks and cognition are difficult to examine in humans. This is due to significant etiologic heterogeneity among diagnosed individuals. In contrast, individuals with Turner syndrome (TS), who have substantially increased risk for ADHD symptoms, share a common genetic risk factor related to the absence of the X-chromosome, thus serving as a more homogeneous genetic model. Resting-state functional MRI was employed to examine differences in attention networks between girls with TS (n = 40) and age- sex- and Tanner-matched controls (n = 33). We compared groups on resting-state functional connectivity measures from data-driven independent components analysis (ICA) and hypothesis-based seed analysis. Using ICA, reduced connectivity was observed in both frontoparietal and dorsal attention networks. Similarly, using seeds in the bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS), reduced connectivity was observed between IPS and frontal and cerebellar regions. Finally, we observed a brain-behavior correlation between IPS-cerebellar connectivity and cognitive attention measures. These findings indicate that X-monosomy contributes affects to attention networks and cognitive dysfunction that might increase risk for ADHD. Our findings not only have clinical relevance for girls with TS, but might also serve as a biological marker in future research examining the effects of the intervention that targets attention skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Green
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Manish Saggar
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Ishak
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Allan L Reiss
- Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology and Pediatrics, Stanford University, CA, USA
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31
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Gerrits B, Vollebregt MA, Olbrich S, van Dijk H, Palmer D, Gordon E, Pascual-Marqui R, Kessels RPC, Arns M. Probing the "Default Network Interference Hypothesis" With EEG: An RDoC Approach Focused on Attention. Clin EEG Neurosci 2019; 50:404-412. [PMID: 31322000 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419864461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that specific networks (default mode network [DMN] and task positive network [TPN]) activate in an anticorrelated manner when sustaining attention. Related EEG studies are scarce and often lack behavioral validation. We performed independent component analysis (ICA) across different frequencies (source-level), using eLORETA-ICA, to extract brain-network activity during resting-state and sustained attention. We applied ICA to the voxel domain, similar to functional magnetic resonance imaging methods of analyses. The obtained components were contrasted and correlated to attentional performance (omission errors) in a large sample of healthy subjects (N = 1397). We identified one component that robustly correlated with inattention and reflected an anticorrelation of delta activity in the anterior cingulate and precuneus, and delta and theta activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and with alpha and gamma activity in medial frontal regions. We then compared this component between optimal and suboptimal attentional performers. For the latter group, we observed a greater change in component loading between resting-state and sustained attention than for the optimal performers. Following the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach, we prospectively replicated and validated these findings in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Our results provide further support for the "default mode interference hypothesis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrie Gerrits
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Madelon A Vollebregt
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,3 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Olbrich
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,4 Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Donna Palmer
- 5 Brain Resource Inc, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Roberto Pascual-Marqui
- 7 The KEY Institute for Brain-Mind Research, University Hospital of Psychiatry, Zurich, Switzerland.,8 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- 1 Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,9 Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- 2 Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,10 Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,11 neuroCare Group, Munich, Germany
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32
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Jin J, Liu L, Chen W, Gao Q, Li H, Wang Y, Qian Q. The Implicated Roles of Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ( CADM1) Gene and Altered Prefrontal Neuronal Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A "Gene-Brain-Behavior Relationship"? Front Genet 2019; 10:882. [PMID: 31616473 PMCID: PMC6775240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genes related to cell adhesion pathway have been implicated in the genetic architecture of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cell adhesion molecule 1, encoded by CADM1 gene, is a protein which facilitates cell adhesion, highly expressed in the human prefrontal lobe. This study aimed to evaluate the association of CADM1 genotype with ADHD, executive function, and regional brain functions. Methods: The genotype data of 10-tag single nucleotide polymorphisms of CADM1 for 1,040 children and adolescents with ADHD and 963 controls were used for case–control association analyses. Stroop color–word interference test, Rey–Osterrieth complex figure test, and trail making test were conducted to assess “inhibition,” “working memory,” and “set-shifting,” respectively. A subsample (35 ADHD versus 56 controls) participated in the nested imaging genetic study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired, and the mean amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (mALFF) were captured. Results: Nominal significant genotypic effect of rs10891819 in “ADHD-alone” subgroup was detected (P = 0.008) with TT genotype as protective. The results did not survive multiple testing correction. No direct genetic effect was found for performance on executive function tasks. In the imaging genetic study for the “ADHD-whole” sample, rs10891819 genotype was significantly associated with altered mALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus (rSFG, peak t = 3.85, corrected P < 0.05). Specifically, the mALFFs in T-allele carriers were consistently higher than GG carriers in ADHD and control groups. Endophenotypic correlation analyses indicated a significant negative correlation between “word interference time” in Stroop (shorter “word interference time” indexing better inhibitory function) and mALFF in the rSFG (r = -0.29, P = 0.006). Finally, mediation analysis confirmed significant indirect effects from “rs10891819 genotype (T-allele carriers)” via “mALFF (rSFG)” to “inhibition (“word interference time”)” (Sobelz = -2.47; B = -2.61, 95% confidence interval -0.48 to -4.72; P = 0.009). Conclusions: Our study offered preliminary evidence to implicate the roles of CADM1 in relation to prefrontal brain activities, inhibition function, and ADHD, indicating a potential “gene–brain–behavior” relationship of the CADM1 gene. Future studies with larger samples may specifically test these hypotheses generated by our exploratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Jin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Wai Chen
- Centre & Discipline of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health & Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service (CAHDS), Specialised Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services of Health in Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Haimei Li
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & the Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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33
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Lane SJ, Reynolds S. Sensory Over-Responsivity as an Added Dimension in ADHD. Front Integr Neurosci 2019; 13:40. [PMID: 31555103 PMCID: PMC6742721 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2019.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Years of research have added to our understanding of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). None-the-less there is still much that is poorly understood. There is a need for, and ongoing interest in, developing a deeper understanding of this disorder to optimally identify risk and better inform treatment. Here, we present a compilation of findings examining ADHD both behaviorally and using neurophysiologic markers. Drawing on early work of McIntosh and co-investigators, we examined response to sensory challenge in children with ADHD, measuring HPA activity and electrodermal response (EDR) secondary to sensory stressors. In addition, we have examined the relationship between these physiologic measures, and reports of behavioral sensory over-responsivity and anxiety. Findings suggest that sensory responsivity differentiates among children with ADHD and warrants consideration. We link these findings with research conducted both prior to and after our own work and emphasize that there a growing knowledge supporting a relationship between ADHD and sensory over-responsivity, but more research is needed. Given the call from the National Institute of Health to move toward a more dimensional diagnostic process for mental health concerns, and away from the more routine categorical diagnostic process, we suggest sensory over-responsivity as a dimension in the diagnostic process for children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J. Lane
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Human Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kathryn Lawrence Dragas Sensory Processing and Stress Evaluation Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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34
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Receptor and circuit mechanisms underlying differential procognitive actions of psychostimulants. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1820-1827. [PMID: 30683912 PMCID: PMC6785708 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulants, including methylphenidate (MPH), improve cognitive processes dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and extended frontostriatal circuitry. In both humans and animals, systemic MPH improves certain cognitive processes, such as working memory, in a narrow inverted-U-shaped manner. In contrast, other processes, including attention-related, are improved over a broader/right-shifted dose range. The current studies sought to elucidate the potential circuit and receptor mechanisms underlying the divergent dose-dependent procognitive effects of psychostimulants. We first observed that, as with working memory, although sustained attention testing was highly dependent on multiple frontostriatal regions, only MPH infusion into the dorsomedial PFC improved task performance. Importantly, the dose-response curve for this action was right-shifted relative to working memory, as seen with systemic administration. Additional studies examined the receptor mechanisms within the PFC associated with the procognitive actions of MPH across working memory and sustained attention tasks. We observed that PFC α2 and D1 receptors contributed to the beneficial effects of MPH across both cognitive tasks. However, α1 receptors only contributed to MPH-induced improvement in sustained attention. Moreover, activation of PFC α1 receptors was sufficient to improve sustained attention. This latter action contrasts with the impairing actions of PFC α1 receptors reported previously for working memory. These results provide further evidence for a prominent role of the PFC in the procognitive actions of MPH and demonstrate the divergent dose sensitivity across cognitive processes aligns with the differential involvement of PFC α1 receptors.
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35
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Neural Foundations of Ayres Sensory Integration ®. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070153. [PMID: 31261689 PMCID: PMC6680650 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory integration, now trademarked as Ayres Sensory Integration® or ASI, is based on principles of neuroscience and provides a framework for understanding the contributions of the sensory and motor foundations of human behavior. The theory and practice of ASI continues to evolve as greater understanding of the neurobiology of human behavior emerges. In this paper we examine core constructs of ASI identified in the seminal work of Dr. Jean Ayres, and present current neuroscience research that underlies the main patterns of sensory integration function and dysfunction. We consider how current research verifies and clarifies Ayres’ propositions by describing functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and tactile sensory systems, and exploring their relationships to ocular, postural, bilateral integration, praxis, and sensory modulation. We close by proposing neuroplasticity as the mechanisms underlying change as a result of ASI intervention.
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36
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Fernandez A, Meechan DW, Karpinski BA, Paronett EM, Bryan CA, Rutz HL, Radin EA, Lubin N, Bonner ER, Popratiloff A, Rothblat LA, Maynard TM, LaMantia AS. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leads to Cortical Under-Connectivity and Cognitive Impairment. Neuron 2019; 102:1127-1142.e3. [PMID: 31079872 PMCID: PMC6668992 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Under-connectivity between cerebral cortical association areas may underlie cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders, including the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Using the LgDel 22q11DS mouse model, we assessed cellular, molecular, and developmental origins of under-connectivity and its consequences for cognitive function. Diminished 22q11 gene dosage reduces long-distance projections, limits axon and dendrite growth, and disrupts mitochondrial and synaptic integrity in layer 2/3 but not 5/6 projection neurons (PNs). Diminished dosage of Txnrd2, a 22q11 gene essential for reactive oxygen species catabolism in brain mitochondria, recapitulates these deficits in WT layer 2/3 PNs; Txnrd2 re-expression in LgDel layer 2/3 PNs rescues them. Anti-oxidants reverse LgDel- or Txnrd2-related layer 2/3 mitochondrial, circuit, and cognitive deficits. Accordingly, Txnrd2-mediated oxidative stress reduces layer 2/3 connectivity and impairs cognition in the context of 22q11 deletion. Anti-oxidant restoration of mitochondrial integrity, cortical connectivity, and cognitive behavior defines oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Fernandez
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; GW Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Daniel W Meechan
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Beverly A Karpinski
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Paronett
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Corey A Bryan
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hanna L Rutz
- Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Eric A Radin
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Noah Lubin
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Erin R Bonner
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Lawrence A Rothblat
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Psychology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Thomas M Maynard
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Anthony-Samuel LaMantia
- GW Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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37
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with epilepsy. Ir J Med Sci 2019; 189:305-313. [DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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38
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Girault JB, Munsell BC, Puechmaille D, Goldman BD, Prieto JC, Styner M, Gilmore JH. White matter connectomes at birth accurately predict cognitive abilities at age 2. Neuroimage 2019; 192:145-155. [PMID: 30825656 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive ability is an important predictor of mental health outcomes that is influenced by neurodevelopment. Evidence suggests that the foundational wiring of the human brain is in place by birth, and that the white matter (WM) connectome supports developing brain function. It is unknown, however, how the WM connectome at birth supports emergent cognition. In this study, a deep learning model was trained using cross-validation to classify full-term infants (n = 75) as scoring above or below the median at age 2 using WM connectomes generated from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance images at birth. Results from this model were used to predict individual cognitive scores. We additionally identified WM connections important for classification. The model was also evaluated in a separate set of preterm infants (n = 37) scanned at term-age equivalent. Findings revealed that WM connectomes at birth predicted 2-year cognitive score group with high accuracy in both full-term (89.5%) and preterm (83.8%) infants. Scores predicted by the model were strongly correlated with actual scores (r = 0.98 for full-term and r = 0.96 for preterm). Connections within the frontal lobe, and between the frontal lobe and other brain areas were found to be important for classification. This work suggests that WM connectomes at birth can accurately predict a child's 2-year cognitive group and individual score in full-term and preterm infants. The WM connectome at birth appears to be a useful neuroimaging biomarker of subsequent cognitive development that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Girault
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brent C Munsell
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29424, USA
| | | | - Barbara D Goldman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Juan C Prieto
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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39
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Chevrier A, Bhaijiwala M, Lipszyc J, Cheyne D, Graham S, Schachar R. Disrupted reinforcement learning during post-error slowing in ADHD. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0206780. [PMID: 30785885 PMCID: PMC6382150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ADHD is associated with altered dopamine regulated reinforcement learning on prediction errors. Despite evidence of categorically altered error processing in ADHD, neuroimaging advances have largely investigated models of normal reinforcement learning in greater detail. Further, although reinforcement leaning critically relies on ventral striatum exerting error magnitude related thresholding influences on substantia nigra (SN) and dorsal striatum, these thresholding influences have never been identified with neuroimaging. To identify such thresholding influences, we propose that error magnitude related activities must first be separated from opposite activities in overlapping neural regions during error detection. Here we separate error detection from magnitude related adjustment (post-error slowing) during inhibition errors in the stop signal task in typically developing (TD) and ADHD adolescents using fMRI. In TD, we predicted that: 1) deactivation of dorsal striatum on error detection interrupts ongoing processing, and should be proportional to right frontoparietal response phase activity that has been observed in the SST; 2) deactivation of ventral striatum on post-error slowing exerts thresholding influences on, and should be proportional to activity in dorsal striatum. In ADHD, we predicted that ventral striatum would instead correlate with heightened amygdala responses to errors. We found deactivation of dorsal striatum on error detection correlated with response-phase activity in both groups. In TD, post-error slowing deactivation of ventral striatum correlated with activation of dorsal striatum. In ADHD, ventral striatum correlated with heightened amygdala activity. Further, heightened activities in locus coeruleus (norepinephrine), raphe nucleus (serotonin) and medial septal nuclei (acetylcholine), which all compete for control of DA, and are altered in ADHD, exhibited altered correlations with SN. All correlations in TD were replicated in healthy adults. Results in TD are consistent with dopamine regulated reinforcement learning on post-error slowing. In ADHD, results are consistent with heightened activities in the amygdala and non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter nuclei preventing reinforcement learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Chevrier
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehereen Bhaijiwala
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lipszyc
- University of Ottawa, Department of Family Medicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas Cheyne
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Imaging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon Graham
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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40
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Ai H, Xin Y, Luo YJ, Gu R, Xu P. Volume of motor area predicts motor impulsivity. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:1470-1476. [PMID: 30636081 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is a personality trait associated with many maladaptive behaviors. Trait impulsivity is typically divided into three different dimensions, including attentional impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, and non-planning impulsiveness. In the present study, we examined the neuroanatomical basis of the multidimensional impulsivity trait. Eighty-four healthy participants were studied with structural magnetic resonance imaging. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the score of motor impulsiveness was negatively correlated with gray matter volumes of the right supplementary motor area and paracentral lobule. A machine-learning-based prediction analysis indicated that decreased gray matter volumes of the supplementary motor area and paracentral lobule strongly predicted the decrease in motor impulsiveness control. Our findings provide insights into the predictive role of motor brain structures in motor impulsivity and inhibition control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yue-Jia Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, China
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41
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Prefrontal Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Neurons Act Locally to Modulate Frontostriatal Cognition and Circuit Function. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2080-2090. [PMID: 30651328 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2701-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The PFC and extended frontostriatal circuitry support higher cognitive processes that guide goal-directed behavior. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of multiple psychiatric disorders. Unfortunately, a major limiting factor in the development of treatments for PFC cognitive dysfunction is our limited understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying PFC-dependent cognition. We recently demonstrated that activation of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the caudal dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) impairs higher cognitive function, as measured in a working memory task. Currently, there remains much unknown about CRF-dependent regulation of cognition, including the source of CRF for cognition-modulating receptors and the output pathways modulated by these receptors. To address these issues, the current studies used a viral vector-based approach to chemogenetically activate or inhibit PFC CRF neurons in working memory-tested male rats. Chemogenetic activation of caudal, but not rostral, dmPFC CRF neurons potently impaired working memory, whereas inhibition of these neurons improved working memory. Importantly, the cognition-impairing actions of PFC CRF neurons were dependent on local CRF receptors coupled to protein kinase A. Additional electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that chemogenetic activation of caudal dmPFC CRF neurons elicits a robust degradation of task-related coding properties of dmPFC pyramidal neurons and, to a lesser extent, medium spiny neurons in the dorsomedial striatum. Collectively, these results demonstrate that local CRF release within the caudal dmPFC impairs frontostriatal cognitive and circuit function and suggest that CRF may represent a potential target for treating frontostriatal cognitive dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dorsomedial PFC and its striatal targets play a critical role in higher cognitive function. PFC-dependent cognitive dysfunction is associated with many psychiatric disorders. Although it has long-been known that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are prominent within the PFC, their role in cognition has remained unclear. Using a novel chemogenetic viral vector system, the present studies demonstrate that PFC CRF neurons impair working memory via activation of local PKA-coupled CRF receptors, an action associated with robust degradation in task-related frontostriatal neuronal coding. Conversely, suppression of constitutive PFC CRF activity improved working memory. Collectively, these studies provide novel insight into the neurobiology of cognition and suggest that CRF may represent a novel target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.
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Abstract
Development of the frontal lobe is critical to acquisition, execution, and control of a wide range of functions, from basic motor response to complex decision-making. These functions are influenced by contingency-based (e.g., reward and response-cost/punishment) feedback that is mediated through the adaptive integration of fronto-subcortical neural circuitry. The frontal lobe manages incoming information and chooses the appropriate action based on one's goals in a particular context. This aspect of frontal function, while only one component, is crucial to development and maintenance of approach and avoidance behavior central to all human (and animal) behavior. Furthermore, disruptions in fronto-subcortical circuitry governing motivated behavior appear to contribute to a range of developmental disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and confer vulnerability for psychopathology more broadly. The particular deficits that manifest in altered behavior depend upon the specific circuitry that is compromised due to the functional specificity of distinct regions of the frontal lobe and its interconnections with subcortical structures. Neurobiologic models of motivated behavior provide a valuable framework for characterizing developmental disorders from a transdiagnostic dimensional systems perspective. Improved characterization of approach and avoidance motivation across neurodevelopmental disorders has the potential to inform the development of novel interventions and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri Shiels Rosch
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Stewart Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 56:14-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and higher costs of illness.Methods The European Network Adult ADHD and the Section for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (NDAL) of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), aim to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe. This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated.Results Besides reviewing the latest research on prevalence, persistence, genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How should ADHD be properly diagnosed in adults? (3) How should adult ADHDbe effectively treated?Conclusions ADHD often presents as a lifelong impairing condition. The stigma surrounding ADHD, mainly due to lack of knowledge, increases the suffering of patients. Education on the lifespan perspective, diagnostic assessment, and treatment of ADHD must increase for students of general and mental health, and for psychiatry professionals. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available, as are effective evidence-based treatments for ADHD and its negative outcomes. More research is needed on gender differences, and in older adults with ADHD.
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Bauer J, Werner A, Kohl W, Kugel H, Shushakova A, Pedersen A, Ohrmann P. Hyperactivity and impulsivity in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is related to glutamatergic dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19:538-546. [PMID: 27973969 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1262060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is closely linked to the dysregulation of dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in the fronto-striatal neural network, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Additionally, increasing evidence supports the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Impulsivity, a core symptom in patients with ADHD, has been repeatedly associated with glutamatergic neurotransmission, and pharmacological treatment of ADHD has been shown to reduce glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex. METHODS We investigated glutamate levels in the ACC and the DLPFC in 30 adults with ADHD and 30 healthy controls using single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 3T scanner. RESULTS The ADHD group showed a significant increase in glutamate in the ACC compared to controls, no significant differences in metabolites were observed in the DLPFC. Overall, glutamate levels in the ACC were positively correlated with ADHD symptomatology, especially hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of glutamate in the ACC, which were positively correlated with hyperactivity and impulsivity, support the hypothesis that dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission is at least partially responsible for ADHD symptomatology. Modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission might therefore be a promising avenue for future pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bauer
- a Institute for Clinical Radiology, School of Medicine , University of Muenster , Germany
| | - Anne Werner
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , University of Muenster , Germany
| | - Waldemar Kohl
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , University of Muenster , Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- a Institute for Clinical Radiology, School of Medicine , University of Muenster , Germany
| | - Anna Shushakova
- c Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology , University of Kiel , Germany
| | - Anya Pedersen
- c Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology , University of Kiel , Germany
| | - Patricia Ohrmann
- b Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine , University of Muenster , Germany
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Qian A, Wang X, Liu H, Tao J, Zhou J, Ye Q, Li J, Yang C, Cheng J, Zhao K, Wang M. Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with the Frontal-Striatal-Cerebellar Loop in Children with ADHD: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Neurosci Bull 2018; 34:497-506. [PMID: 29564731 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD4 4-repeat/4-repeat (4R/4R) allele (n = 30) or the DRD4 2-repeat (2R) allele (n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2R allele had decreased ReHo bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while ReHo was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4R/4R allele, those with the DRD4 2R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andan Qian
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiejie Tao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiejie Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Qiong Ye
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiance Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Meihao Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Leroy A, Petit G, Zarka D, Cebolla A, Palmero-Soler E, Strul J, Dan B, Verbanck P, Cheron G. EEG Dynamics and Neural Generators in Implicit Navigational Image Processing in Adults with ADHD. Neuroscience 2018; 373:92-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Daurio AM, Aston SA, Schwandt ML, Bukhari MO, Bouhlal S, Farokhnia M, Lee MR, Leggio L. Impulsive Personality Traits Mediate the Relationship Between Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptoms and Alcohol Dependence Severity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:173-183. [PMID: 29063627 PMCID: PMC5750112 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a risk factor for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been established, the underlying pathways connecting the two are still not fully understood. Overlapping constructs such as impulsivity may explain the increased risk for developing AUD in individuals with ADHD. METHODS In this study, we assessed whether adult ADHD symptoms increase the odds of having a diagnosis of AUD. Furthermore, we tested whether facets of impulsivity explained the relationship between ADHD symptoms and alcohol dependence (AD) severity. RESULTS In a logistic regression of 749 participants (464 = AD, 285 = controls), overall adult ADHD symptoms, and more specifically, symptoms of hyperactivity/restlessness and problems with self-concept, increased the odds of having a diagnosis of AD. Within the AD sample, we found that impulsivity mediated the relationship between adult ADHD symptoms and AD severity. In particular, negative and positive urgency meditated the relationship of overall adult ADHD symptoms, and symptoms of hyperactivity/restlessness and problems with self-concept with AD severity. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the importance of looking at cohorts of ADHD symptoms and facets of impulsivity to assess the risk of developing AUD. They also suggest potential avenues for intervention strategies in individuals with preexisting adult ADHD symptoms who are seeking treatment for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Daurio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean A. Aston
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohammad O. Bukhari
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sofia Bouhlal
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary R. Lee
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Telford EJ, Cox SR, Fletcher-Watson S, Anblagan D, Sparrow S, Pataky R, Quigley A, Semple SI, Bastin ME, Boardman JP. A latent measure explains substantial variance in white matter microstructure across the newborn human brain. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:4023-4033. [PMID: 28589258 PMCID: PMC5686254 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A latent measure of white matter microstructure (g WM) provides a neural basis for information processing speed and intelligence in adults, but the temporal emergence of g WM during human development is unknown. We provide evidence that substantial variance in white matter microstructure is shared across a range of major tracts in the newborn brain. Based on diffusion MRI scans from 145 neonates [gestational age (GA) at birth range 23+2-41+5 weeks], the microstructural properties of eight major white matter tracts were calculated using probabilistic neighborhood tractography. Principal component analyses (PCAs) were carried out on the correlations between the eight tracts, separately for four tract-averaged water diffusion parameters: fractional anisotropy, and mean, radial and axial diffusivities. For all four parameters, PCAs revealed a single latent variable that explained around half of the variance across all eight tracts, and all tracts showed positive loadings. We considered the impact of early environment on general microstructural properties, by comparing term-born infants with preterm infants at term equivalent age. We found significant associations between GA at birth and the latent measure for each water diffusion measure; this effect was most apparent in projection and commissural fibers. These data show that a latent measure of white matter microstructure is present in very early life, well before myelination is widespread. Early exposure to extra-uterine life is associated with altered general properties of white matter microstructure, which could explain the high prevalence of cognitive impairment experienced by children born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Telford
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sue Fletcher-Watson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Devasuda Anblagan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah Sparrow
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rozalia Pataky
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Alan Quigley
- Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, 9 Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Scott I Semple
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Clinical Research Imaging Centre, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - James P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK.
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Silberstein RB, Levy F, Pipingas A, Farrow M. First-Dose Methylphenidate-Induced Changes in Brain Functional Connectivity Are Correlated With 3-Month Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Response. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:679-686. [PMID: 28465019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are most commonly treated with stimulant medication such as methylphenidate (MPH); however, approximately 25% of patients show little or no symptomatic response. We examined the extent to which initial changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) associated with the first MPH dose in boys newly diagnosed with ADHD predict MPH-associated changes in ADHD inattentiveness and hyperactivity symptoms at 3 months. METHODS Brain FC was estimated using steady-state visual evoked potential partial coherence before and 90 minutes after the administration of the first MPH dose to 40 stimulant drug-naïve boys newly diagnosed with ADHD while they performed the AX version of the continuous performance task. The change in parent-rated inattention and hyperactivity scores over the first 3 months of MPH medication was correlated with the initial 90-minute MPH-mediated FC changes. RESULTS Hyperactivity improvements at 3 months were associated with first-dose MPH-mediated FC reductions restricted to frontal-prefrontal sites following the appearance of the "A" and at frontal and right temporal sites during the appearance of the "X." Corresponding 3-month inattention score improvement was associated with initial MPH-mediated FC reductions restricted to occipitoparietal sites following the appearance of the "A." CONCLUSIONS These findings are discussed in the context of MPH effects on the default mode network and the possible role of the default mode network in MPH-mediated improvements in inattention and hyperactivity symptom scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Silberstein
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia; Neuro-Insight Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Florence Levy
- Child and Family East, Prince of Wales Hospital and School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maree Farrow
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Aoki Y, Yoncheva YN, Chen B, Nath T, Sharp D, Lazar M, Velasco P, Milham MP, Di Martino A. Association of White Matter Structure With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74:1120-1128. [PMID: 28877317 PMCID: PMC5710226 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Clinical overlap between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasingly appreciated, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain unknown to date. OBJECTIVE To examine associations between white matter organization and 2 commonly co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions, ASD and ADHD, through both categorical and dimensional approaches. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation was a cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study at an outpatient academic clinical and research center, the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at New York University Langone Medical Center. Participants were children with ASD, children with ADHD, or typically developing children. Data collection was ongoing from December 2008 to October 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary measure was voxelwise fractional anisotropy (FA) analyzed via tract-based spatial statistics. Additional voxelwise DTI metrics included radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and mode of anisotropy (MA). RESULTS This cross-sectional DTI study analyzed data from 174 children (age range, 6.0-12.9 years), selected from a larger sample after quality assurance to be group matched on age and sex. After quality control, the study analyzed data from 69 children with ASD (mean [SD] age, 8.9 [1.7] years; 62 male), 55 children with ADHD (mean [SD] age, 9.5 [1.5] years; 41 male), and 50 typically developing children (mean [SD] age, 9.4 [1.5] years; 38 male). Categorical analyses revealed a significant influence of ASD diagnosis on several DTI metrics (FA, MD, RD, and AD), primarily in the corpus callosum. For example, FA analyses identified a cluster of 4179 voxels (TFCE FEW corrected P < .05) in posterior portions of the corpus callosum. Dimensional analyses revealed associations between ASD severity and FA, RD, and MD in more extended portions of the corpus callosum and beyond (eg, corona radiata and inferior longitudinal fasciculus) across all individuals, regardless of diagnosis. For example, FA analyses revealed clusters overall encompassing 12121 voxels (TFCE FWE corrected P < .05) with a significant association with parent ratings in the social responsiveness scale. Similar results were evident using an independent measure of ASD traits (ie, children communication checklist, second edition). Total severity of ADHD-traits was not significantly related to DTI metrics but inattention scores were related to AD in corpus callosum in a cluster sized 716 voxels. All these findings were robust to algorithmic correction of motion artifacts with the DTIPrep software. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Dimensional analyses provided a more complete picture of associations between ASD traits and inattention and indexes of white matter organization, particularly in the corpus callosum. This transdiagnostic approach can reveal dimensional relationships linking white matter structure to neurodevelopmental symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Yuliya N. Yoncheva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Bosi Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Tanmay Nath
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Dillon Sharp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
| | - Mariana Lazar
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Center for Brain Imaging, New York University, New York
| | - Michael P. Milham
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York,Child Mind Institute, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Di Martino
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at NYU Langone Medical Center, New York
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