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Jung HY, Bak H, Bang M, Lee SH, Lee KS. Neural Correlates of Trait Impulsivity among Adult Healthy Individuals. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 22:345-353. [PMID: 38627081 PMCID: PMC11024700 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.23.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective : Impulsivity can be observed in individuals with or without mental illness. The discovery of neural correlates responsible for trait impulsivity can therefore help to understand the severity of psychiatric symptoms, personality characteristics and social adjustment. In this study, we aimed to identify the gray matter substrates of trait impulsivity in healthy individuals. Methods : Seventy-five healthy individuals were enrolled. At baseline, trait impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and all participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scan. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were also assessed. Mean cortical thickness (CT) and the local gyrification index (LGI) were calculated to perform whole-brain vertex-wise correlation analysis, which were performed to investigate the relationship between BIS scores and CT or LGI in each brain region. We also revealed the relationship between brain regions and psychological measurements. Results : Total BIS scores were significantly and negatively correlated with mean CT values in the left lateral occipital cortex (OC) and LGIs in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Correlation analyses revealed that the lateral OC's mean CT values were negatively correlated with BAI scores and positively correlated with WHOQOL-BREF scores, while LGI in the IFG was positively correlated with CD-RISC scores. Conclusion : Our study showed that trait impulsivity might be associated with the lateral OC and IFG in healthy individuals. Understanding the neural correlates of trait impulsivity could provide ways to expect high impulsivity, anxiety, and poor resilience in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Harin Bak
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Minji Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kang Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
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Chen YC, Tiego J, Segal A, Chopra S, Holmes A, Suo C, Pang JC, Fornito A, Aquino KM. A multiscale characterization of cortical shape asymmetries in early psychosis. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae015. [PMID: 38347944 PMCID: PMC10859637 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychosis has often been linked to abnormal cortical asymmetry, but prior results have been inconsistent. Here, we applied a novel spectral shape analysis to characterize cortical shape asymmetries in patients with early psychosis across different spatial scales. We used the Human Connectome Project for Early Psychosis dataset (aged 16-35), comprising 56 healthy controls (37 males, 19 females) and 112 patients with early psychosis (68 males, 44 females). We quantified shape variations of each hemisphere over different spatial frequencies and applied a general linear model to compare differences between healthy controls and patients with early psychosis. We further used canonical correlation analysis to examine associations between shape asymmetries and clinical symptoms. Cortical shape asymmetries, spanning wavelengths from about 22 to 75 mm, were significantly different between healthy controls and patients with early psychosis (Cohen's d = 0.28-0.51), with patients showing greater asymmetry in cortical shape than controls. A single canonical mode linked the asymmetry measures to symptoms (canonical correlation analysis r = 0.45), such that higher cortical asymmetry was correlated with more severe excitement symptoms and less severe emotional distress. Significant group differences in the asymmetries of traditional morphological measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification, at either global or regional levels, were not identified. Cortical shape asymmetries are more sensitive than other morphological asymmetries in capturing abnormalities in patients with early psychosis. These abnormalities are expressed at coarse spatial scales and are correlated with specific symptom domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Data Futures Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Brain Dynamic Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Ashlea Segal
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Alexander Holmes
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- BrainPark, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - James C Pang
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Kevin M Aquino
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Sydney 2050, Australia
- BrainKey Inc, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
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Walther S, Nadesalingam N, Nuoffer M, Kyrou A, Wüthrich F, Lefebvre S. Structural alterations of the motor cortex and higher order cortical areas suggest early neurodevelopmental origin of catatonia in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:131-138. [PMID: 36272843 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of catatonia is still poorly understood. Particularly structural MRI studies yielded conflicting results. Heterogeneity of findings was suggested to stem from specifics of different rating scales. This study sought to test grey matter differences between patients with catatonia, patients without catatonia, and healthy controls using the two main instruments of catatonia rating. We included 98 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 42 healthy controls. Catatonia was measured using the Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale and the Northoff Catatonia Rating Scale. According to these scales, patients were classified into those with and those without catatonia. We tested whole brain grey matter volume, cortical thickness, and local gyrification across groups. Both catatonia rating scales correlated at tau = 0.65 but failed to classify identical subjects as catatonia patients. However, group differences in grey matter parameters were broadly similar with either rating scale to identify catatonia cases. Catatonia patients had reduced grey matter volume compared to controls in a large network including orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate, thalamus, and amygdala. While there was no group difference in cortical thickness, catatonia patients had increased local gyrification in premotor, motor, and parietal cortices compared to controls. Hypergyrification of the motor cortex and higher order cortical areas was found in catatonia patients compared to patients without catatonia. Both catatonia rating scales find similar symptom severity and group differences in grey matter indices. Catatonia is linked to reduced grey matter volume and increased local gyrification, suggesting some impact of early neurodevelopmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Walther
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Niluja Nadesalingam
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Nuoffer
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Kyrou
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Wüthrich
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Lefebvre
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Kang Y, Kang W, Kim A, Tae WS, Ham BJ, Han KM. Decreased cortical gyrification in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7512-7524. [PMID: 37154200 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early neurodevelopmental deviations, such as abnormal cortical folding patterns, are candidate biomarkers of major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to investigate the association of MDD with the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region at the whole-brain level, and the association of the LGI with clinical characteristics of MDD. METHODS We obtained T1-weighted images from 234 patients with MDD and 215 healthy controls (HCs). The LGI values from 66 cortical regions in the bilateral hemispheres were automatically calculated according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas. We compared the LGI values between the MDD and HC groups using analysis of covariance, including age, sex, and years of education as covariates. The association between the clinical characteristics and LGI values was investigated in the MDD group. RESULTS Compared with HCs, patients with MDD showed significantly decreased LGI values in the cortical regions, including the bilateral ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices, insula, right rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and several temporal and parietal regions, with the largest effect size in the left pars triangularis (Cohen's f2 = 0.361; p = 1.78 × 10-13). Regarding the association of clinical characteristics with LGIs within the MDD group, recurrence and longer illness duration were associated with increased gyrification in several occipital and temporal regions, which showed no significant difference in LGIs between the MDD and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the LGI may be a relatively stable neuroimaging marker associated with MDD predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pfarr JK, Meller T, Brosch K, Stein F, Thomas-Odenthal F, Evermann U, Wroblewski A, Ringwald KG, Hahn T, Meinert S, Winter A, Thiel K, Flinkenflügel K, Jansen A, Krug A, Dannlowski U, Kircher T, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Data-driven multivariate identification of gyrification patterns in a transdiagnostic patient cohort: A cluster analysis approach. Neuroimage 2023; 281:120349. [PMID: 37683808 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multivariate data-driven statistical approaches offer the opportunity to study multi-dimensional interdependences between a large set of biological parameters, such as high-dimensional brain imaging data. For gyrification, a putative marker of early neurodevelopment, direct comparisons of patterns among multiple psychiatric disorders and investigations of potential heterogeneity of gyrification within one disorder and a transdiagnostic characterization of neuroanatomical features are lacking. METHODS In this study we used a data-driven, multivariate statistical approach to analyze cortical gyrification in a large cohort of N = 1028 patients with major psychiatric disorders (Major depressive disorder: n = 783, bipolar disorder: n = 129, schizoaffective disorder: n = 44, schizophrenia: n = 72) to identify cluster patterns of gyrification beyond diagnostic categories. RESULTS Cluster analysis applied on gyrification data of 68 brain regions (DK-40 atlas) identified three clusters showing difference in overall (global) gyrification and minor regional variation (regions). Newly, data-driven subgroups are further discriminative in cognition and transdiagnostic disease risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that gyrification is associated with transdiagnostic risk factors rather than diagnostic categories and further imply a more global role of gyrification related to mental health than a disorder specific one. Our findings support previous studies highlighting the importance of association cortices involved in psychopathology. Explorative, data-driven approaches like ours can help to elucidate if the brain imaging data on hand and its a priori applied grouping actually has the potential to find meaningful effects or if previous hypotheses about the phenotype as well as its grouping have to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrika Evermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai G Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
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Cattarinussi G, Gugliotta AA, Sambataro F. The Risk for Schizophrenia-Bipolar Spectrum: Does the Apple Fall Close to the Tree? A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6540. [PMID: 37569080 PMCID: PMC10418911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20156540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric disorders that share clinical features and several risk genes. Important information about their genetic underpinnings arises from intermediate phenotypes (IPs), quantifiable biological traits that are more prevalent in unaffected relatives (RELs) of patients compared to the general population and co-segregate with the disorders. Within IPs, neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging measures have the potential to provide useful insight into the pathophysiology of SCZ and BD. In this context, the present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on deficits in neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging alterations in unaffected relatives of SCZ (SCZ-RELs) and BD (BD-RELs). Overall, deficits in cognitive functions including intelligence, memory, attention, executive functions, and social cognition could be considered IPs for SCZ. Although the picture for cognitive alterations in BD-RELs is less defined, BD-RELs seem to present worse performances compared to controls in executive functioning, including adaptable thinking, planning, self-monitoring, self-control, and working memory. Among neuroimaging markers, SCZ-RELs appear to be characterized by structural and functional alterations in the cortico-striatal-thalamic network, while BD risk seems to be associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal, temporal, thalamic, and limbic regions. In conclusion, SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs present a pattern of cognitive and neuroimaging alterations that lie between patients and healthy individuals. Similar abnormalities in SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs may be the phenotypic expression of the shared genetic mechanisms underlying both disorders, while the specificities in neuropsychological and neuroimaging profiles may be associated with the differential symptom expression in the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.G.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio A. Gugliotta
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.C.); (A.A.G.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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7
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Gan C, Cao X, Wang L, Sun H, Ji M, Zhang H, Yuan Y, Zhang K. Cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:814-824. [PMID: 37000969 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting research support that cholinergic dysfunction plays a prominent role in freezing of gait (FOG), which commonly occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD). Basal forebrain (BF), especially the cholinergic nuclei 4 (Ch4), provides the primary source of the brain cholinergic input. However, whether the degeneration of BF and its innervated cortex contribute to the pathogenesis of FOG is unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of structural alterations of BF and its innervated cortical brain regions in the pathogenesis of PD patients with freezing. METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging assessments and neurological assessments were performed on 20 PD patients with FOG (PD-FOG), 20 without FOG (PD-NFOG), and 21 healthy participants. Subregion volumes of the BF were compared among groups. Local gyrification index (LGI) was computed to reveal the cortical alternations. Relationships among subregional BF volumes, LGI, and the severity of FOG were evaluated by multiple linear regression. RESULTS Our study discovered that, compared to PD-NFOG, PD-FOG exhibited significant Ch4 atrophy (p = 4.6 × 10-5 ), accompanied by decreased LGI values in the left entorhinal cortex (p = 3.00 × 10-5 ) and parahippocampal gyrus (p = 2.90 × 10-5 ). Based on the regression analysis, Ch4 volume was negatively associated with FOG severity in PD-FOG group (β = -12.224, T = -2.556, p = 0.031). INTERPRETATION Our results imply that Ch4 degeneration and microstructural disorganization of its innervated cortical brain regions may play important roles in PD-FOG.
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Van Rheenen TE, Cotton SM, Dandash O, Cooper RE, Ringin E, Daglas-Georgiou R, Allott K, Chye Y, Suo C, Macneil C, Hasty M, Hallam K, McGorry P, Fornito A, Yücel M, Pantelis C, Berk M. Increased cortical surface area but not altered cortical thickness or gyrification in bipolar disorder following stabilisation from a first episode of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110687. [PMID: 36427550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reports of altered brain morphology in established bipolar disorder (BD), there is limited understanding of when these morphological abnormalities emerge. Assessment of patients during the early course of illness can help to address this gap, but few studies have examined surface-based brain morphology in patients at this illness stage. METHODS We completed a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised control trial of BD individuals stabilised after their first episode of mania (FEM). The magnetic resonance imaging scans of n = 35 FEM patients and n = 29 age-matched healthy controls were analysed. Group differences in cortical thickness, surface area and gyrification were assessed at each vertex of the cortical surface using general linear models. Significant results were identified at p < 0.05 using cluster-wise correction. RESULTS The FEM group did not differ from healthy controls with regards to cortical thickness or gyrification. However, there were two clusters of increased surface area in the left hemisphere of FEM patients, with peak coordinates falling within the lateral occipital cortex and pars triangularis. CONCLUSIONS Cortical thickness and gyrification appear to be intact in the aftermath of a first manic episode, whilst cortical surface area in the inferior/middle prefrontal and occipitoparietal cortex is increased compared to age-matched controls. It is possible that increased surface area in the FEM group is the outcome of abnormalities in a premorbidly occurring process. In contrast, the findings raise the hypothesis that cortical thickness reductions seen in past studies of individuals with more established BD may be more attributable to post-onset factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Orwa Dandash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Cooper
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elysha Ringin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rothanthi Daglas-Georgiou
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Craig Macneil
- Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Hasty
- Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Hallam
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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9
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Kitajima K, Tamura S, Sasabayashi D, Nakajima S, Iwata Y, Ueno F, Takai Y, Takahashi J, Caravaggio F, Mar W, Torres-Carmona E, Noda Y, Gerretsen P, Luca VD, Mimura M, Hirano S, Nakao T, Onitsuka T, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A, Hirano Y. Decreased cortical gyrification and surface area in the left medial parietal cortex in patients with treatment-resistant and ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:2-11. [PMID: 36165228 PMCID: PMC10092309 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Validating the vulnerabilities and pathologies underlying treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is an important challenge in optimizing treatment. Gyrification and surface area (SA), reflecting neurodevelopmental features, have been linked to genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify gyrification and SA abnormalities specific to TRS. METHODS We analyzed 3T magnetic resonance imaging findings of 24 healthy controls (HCs), 20 responders to first-line antipsychotics (FL-Resp), and 41 patients with TRS, including 19 clozapine responders (CLZ-Resp) and 22 FL- and clozapine-resistant patients (patients with ultratreatment-resistant schizophrenia [URS]). The local gyrification index (LGI) and associated SA were analyzed across groups. Diagnostic accuracy was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS Both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower LGI values than HCs (P = 0.041, Hedges g [gH ] = 0.75; P = 0.013, gH = 0.96) and FL-Resp (P = 0.007, gH = 1.00; P = 0.002, gH = 1.31) in the left medial parietal cortex (Lt-MPC). In addition, both CLZ-Resp and URS had lower SA in the Lt-MPC than FL-Resp (P < 0.001, gH = 1.22; P < 0.001, gH = 1.75). LGI and SA were positively correlated in non-TRS (FL-Resp) (ρ = 0.64, P = 0.008) and TRS (CLZ-Resp + URS) (ρ = 0.60, P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for non-TRS versus TRS with LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC were 0.79 and 0.85, respectively. SA in the Lt-MPC was inversely correlated with negative symptoms (ρ = -0.40, P = 0.018) and clozapine plasma levels (ρ = -0.35, P = 0.042) in TRS. CONCLUSION LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC, a functional hub in the default-mode network, were abnormally reduced in TRS compared with non-TRS. Thus, altered LGI and SA in the Lt-MPC might be structural features associated with genetic vulnerability to TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Kitajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Tamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshifumi Takai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wanna Mar
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgardo Torres-Carmona
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo de Luca
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gary Remington
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Prognostic associations of cortical gyrification in minimally medicated schizophrenia in an early intervention setting. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 8:88. [PMID: 36309534 PMCID: PMC9617870 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aberration in cortical gyrification seen in schizophrenia likely originates in the earliest phase of life, as gyrification begins in utero and reaches its peak in infancy. However, emerging observations have indicated a later reduction in gyrification, especially in early adulthood, may also occur in schizophrenia. At present, it is unclear whether the baseline and later gyrification reduction has any prognostic importance in schizophrenia. We address this question in a longitudinal design in patients minimally medicated at inception. About 108 minimally medicated (duration of medication = <14 days of antipsychotics) patients and 106 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, with 34 patients being selectively re-scanned when clinically stable following antipsychotic treatment. The cortical surface from each structural image was reconstructed, and the local gyrification index and cortical thickness were computed for each vertex on the surface. We found minimally medicated schizophrenia patients during the first episode had a relatively higher gyrification in bilateral supramarginal, left superior temporal, and right posterior cingulate and paracentral regions. However, poor prognostic features were more likely in patients with lower baseline gyrification. Longitudinal reductions in left superior parietal and right precentral gyrification were associated with lower improvements in both positive and negative symptoms over time. The spatial pattern of longitudinal changes in gyrification was distinct from the changes in cortical thickness. These results indicated that schizophrenia is characterized by a relative hypergyrification in parieto-temporal and medial cortical areas at a group level at first presentation, but poor outcomes relate to lower-gyrification elsewhere both at the onset and during the early course. The early post-onset reduction of gyrification is rather limited in space and magnitude, but occurs unrelated to the progressive thinning, representing a distinct, prognostically important structural trajectory.
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11
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Choi KW, Han KM, Kim A, Kang W, Kang Y, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Decreased cortical gyrification in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2232-2244. [PMID: 33190651 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An aberrant neural connectivity has been known to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Local gyrification may reflect the early neural development of cortical connectivity and has been studied as a possible endophenotype of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate differences in the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS LGI values, as measured using FreeSurfer software, were compared between 61 patients with BD and 183 HCs. The values were also compared between patients with BD type I and type II as a sub-group analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated whether there was a correlation between LGI values and illness duration or depressive symptom severity in patients with BD. RESULTS Patients with BD showed significant hypogyria in various cortical regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, insula, right entorhinal cortex, and both transverse temporal cortices, compared to HCs after the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/66, 0.000758). LGI was not associated with clinical factors such as illness duration, depressive symptom severity, and lithium treatment. No significant differences in cortical gyrification according to the BD subtype were found. CONCLUSIONS BD appears to be characterized by a significant regionally localized hypogyria, in various cortical areas. This abnormality may be a structural and developmental endophenotype marking the risk for BD, and it might help to clarify the etiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Brain gyrification in bipolar disorder: a systematic review of neuroimaging studies. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2768-2784. [PMID: 36042153 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness with a strong genetic component. Genetic variations have been involved in the risk of this disorder, including those mediating brain function and neurodevelopment. Early neurodevelopment and neuroprogression processes could be reflected in brain gyrification patterns and help optimize the prediction and diagnosis of such disorders that is often delayed. Previous neuroimaging studies using this measure in patients with bipolar disorder revealed controversial results. This systematic review aimed to summarize available neuroimaging investigations on gyrification in BD compared to healthy controls (HC) and/or other psychiatric groups. Fourteen studies including 733 patients with BD, 585 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 90 with schizoaffective disorder (SZA), and 1380 healthy subjects were identified. Overall, a heterogeneous pattern of gyrification emerged between patients with BD and HC. Interestingly, increased gyrification or no differences were also observed in patients with BD compared to those with the schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Furthermore, relatives of patients with BD showed lower or no differences in gyrification compared to healthy subjects without a family history of affective illness. Differences in the design and in methodological approaches could have contributed to the heterogeneity of the findings. The current review supports an altered brain gyrification pattern that underlies the pathophysiology of BD spanning large anatomical and functional neural networks, associated with altered cognitive functioning, difficulties in processing and affective regulation, and clinical symptoms. Longitudinal studies are needed to test different bipolar phenotypes and pharmacological effects on gyrification.
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13
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Pham TV, Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Takayanagi Y, Kubota M, Furuichi A, Kido M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Longitudinal Changes in Brain Gyrification in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:752575. [PMID: 35002674 PMCID: PMC8739892 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.752575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reported increased brain gyrification in schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, a prototypic disorder within the schizophrenia spectrum. This may reflect deviations in early neurodevelopment; however, it currently remains unclear whether the gyrification pattern longitudinally changes over the course of the schizophrenia spectrum. The present MRI study using FreeSurfer compared longitudinal changes (mean inter-scan interval of 2.7 years) in the local gyrification index (LGI) in the entire cortex among 23 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 14 with schizotypal disorder, and 39 healthy controls. Significant differences were observed in longitudinal LGI changes between these groups; the schizophrenia group exhibited a progressive decline in LGI, predominantly in the fronto-temporal regions, whereas LGI increased over time in several brain regions in the schizotypal and control groups. In the schizophrenia group, a greater reduction in LGI over time in the right precentral and post central regions correlated with smaller improvements in negative symptoms during the follow-up period. The cumulative medication dosage during follow-up negatively correlated with a longitudinal LGI increase in the right superior parietal area in the schizotypal group, but did not affect longitudinal LGI changes in the schizophrenia group. Collectively, these results suggest that gyrification patterns in the schizophrenia spectrum reflect both early neurodevelopmental abnormalities as a vulnerability factor and active brain pathology in the early stages of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien Viet Pham
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Manabu Kubota
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama School of Medicine, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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14
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Shen X, Jiang F, Fang X, Yan W, Xie S, Zhang R. Cognitive dysfunction and cortical structural abnormalities in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucination. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:998807. [PMID: 36186860 PMCID: PMC9523744 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.998807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the cognitive profiles and cortical structural alterations in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia with AVH (auditory verbal hallucination). METHODS Cortical structural parameters including cortical thickness and local gyrification index (LGI) estimated using FreeSurfer as well as cognitive performance assessed on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were acquired from 78 schizophrenia patients with AVH, 74 schizophrenia patients without AVH (non-AVH), and 76 healthy controls (HC). Hoffman Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (HAHRS) was applied to assess the severity of AVH. RESULTS The results revealed extensive deficits in all cognitive domains among AVH, non-AVH, and HC groups. Compared to non-AVH group, the AVH group showed poorer performance on visual learning and verbal learning domains. There were six brain regions with cortical thinning in the right hemisphere of inferior temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, lateral orbito frontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus and insula, and two brain regions with increased LGI in the left hemisphere of superior parietal gyrus and the right hemisphere of caudal anterior cingulate cortex on AVH group relative to non-AVH group. Correlation analysis revealed that the cortical thickness in the right hemisphere of lateral orbito frontal cortex was negatively correlated with the severity of AVH in schizophrenia patients with AVH. CONCLUSION Visual learning, verbal learning dysfunction, and specific disruption of cortical structure may characterize schizophrenia patients with AVH during early stages of the disorder. Right lateral orbito frontal cortical deficits may be the pathological mechanisms underlying AVH in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuran Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuli Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Zhang T, Xie X, Li Q, Zhang L, Chen Y, Ji GJ, Hou Q, Li T, Zhu C, Tian Y, Wang K. Hypogyrification in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Associated with Insomnia Symptoms. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1009-1019. [PMID: 35642211 PMCID: PMC9148579 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s358763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insomnia is a recognized feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The underlying neural substrate of insomnia in GAD is still unclear. Cortical folding is a reliable index and possibly an endophenotype of psychiatric disease. The aim of this study was to explore whether the aberrant cortical morphology was associated with insomnia in GAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 73 patients with GAD and 74 matched healthy controls (HCs) to undergo neuropsychiatric assessment and 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Neuropsychiatric batteries included the 14-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Using FreeSurfer7.1.1, we calculated local gyrification index, cortical thickness and surface area and identified group differences in these parameters. Then, we calculated the functional connectivity of these identified regions and determined functional alterations. The relationship between these neuroimaging indicators and clinical measurement was explored. RESULTS Compared with HCs, the LGI in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), bilateral insula, left middle frontal gyrus, left temporal pole, and left fusiform area was significantly decreased in GAD. GAD patients had concurrent decreased surface area in the left OFC and thicker right OFC. GAD patients also exhibited increased functional connectivity between the left insula and frontoparietal control network. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between decreased LGI in these limbic regions and ISI score. CONCLUSION GAD patients presented aberrant cortical folding in limbic network. Cortical morphology is a potential endophenotype in GAD, corresponding to an insomnia phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Jun Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxia Li
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghua Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ajnakina O, Das T, Lally J, Di Forti M, Pariante CM, Marques TR, Mondelli V, David AS, Murray RM, Palaniyappan L, Dazzan P. Structural Covariance of Cortical Gyrification at Illness Onset in Treatment Resistance: A Longitudinal Study of First-Episode Psychoses. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1729-1739. [PMID: 33851203 PMCID: PMC8530394 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment resistance (TR) in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) is a major cause of disability and functional impairment, yet mechanisms underlying this severe disorder are poorly understood. As one view is that TR has neurodevelopmental roots, we investigated whether its emergence relates to disruptions in synchronized cortical maturation quantified using gyrification-based connectomes. Seventy patients with FEP evaluated at their first presentation to psychiatric services were followed up using clinical records for 4 years; of these, 17 (24.3%) met the definition of TR and 53 (75.7%) remained non-TR at 4 years. Structural MRI images were obtained within 5 weeks from first exposure to antipsychotics. Local gyrification indices were computed for 148 contiguous cortical regions using FreeSurfer; each subject's contribution to group-based structural covariance was quantified using a jack-knife procedure, providing a single deviation matrix for each subject. The latter was used to derive topological properties that were compared between TR and non-TR patients using a Functional Data Analysis approach. Compared to the non-TR patients, TR patients showed a significant reduction in small-worldness (Hedges's g = 2.09, P < .001) and a reduced clustering coefficient (Hedges's g = 1.07, P < .001) with increased length (Hedges's g = -2.17, P < .001), indicating a disruption in the organizing principles of cortical folding. The positive symptom burden was higher in patients with more pronounced small-worldness (r = .41, P = .001) across the entire sample. The trajectory of synchronized cortical development inferred from baseline MRI-based structural covariance highlights the possibility of identifying patients at high-risk of TR prospectively, based on individualized gyrification-based connectomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tushar Das
- Departments of Psychiatry & Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Lally
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Hospital Fairview, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marta Di Forti
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Departments of Psychiatry & Medical Biophysics, Robarts Research Institute & Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
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17
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Zhou H, Wang D, Wang J, Xu H, Cao B, Zhang X. Association of altered cortical gyrification and psychopathological symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 64:102749. [PMID: 34334350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain gyrification in diverse cortical regions has been reported in patients with schizophrenia, which possibly reflects deviations in early neurodevelopment. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms and abnormal cortical gyrification in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population. We calculated the whole-brain cortical gyrification of 41 patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia. Our results showed that compared to healthy controls, patients had higher cortical gyrification in the left lateral occipital cortex, but lower cortical gyrification in the left transverse temporal cortex. Moreover, the cortical gyrification in the left entorhinal cortex and left fusiform were both positively correlated with the general psychopathology of PANSS. Our findings indicate that abnormal cortical gyrification has occurred in the early stage of schizophrenia, suggesting that abnormal cortical gyrification may play an important role in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiesi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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18
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Sanfelici R, Ruef A, Antonucci LA, Penzel N, Sotiras A, Dong MS, Urquijo-Castro M, Wenzel J, Kambeitz-Ilankovic L, Hettwer MD, Ruhrmann S, Chisholm K, Riecher-Rössler A, Falkai P, Pantelis C, Salokangas RKR, Lencer R, Bertolino A, Kambeitz J, Meisenzahl E, Borgwardt S, Brambilla P, Wood SJ, Upthegrove R, Schultze-Lutter F, Koutsouleris N, Dwyer DB. Novel Gyrification Networks Reveal Links with Psychiatric Risk Factors in Early Illness. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1625-1636. [PMID: 34519351 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult gyrification provides a window into coordinated early neurodevelopment when disruptions predispose individuals to psychiatric illness. We hypothesized that the echoes of such disruptions should be observed within structural gyrification networks in early psychiatric illness that would demonstrate associations with developmentally relevant variables rather than specific psychiatric symptoms. We employed a new data-driven method (Orthogonal Projective Non-Negative Matrix Factorization) to delineate novel gyrification-based networks of structural covariance in 308 healthy controls. Gyrification within the networks was then compared to 713 patients with recent onset psychosis or depression, and at clinical high-risk. Associations with diagnosis, symptoms, cognition, and functioning were investigated using linear models. Results demonstrated 18 novel gyrification networks in controls as verified by internal and external validation. Gyrification was reduced in patients in temporal-insular, lateral occipital, and lateral fronto-parietal networks (pFDR < 0.01) and was not moderated by illness group. Higher gyrification was associated with better cognitive performance and lifetime role functioning, but not with symptoms. The findings demonstrated that gyrification can be parsed into novel brain networks that highlight generalized illness effects linked to developmental vulnerability. When combined, our study widens the window into the etiology of psychiatric risk and its expression in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Sanfelici
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Anne Ruef
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Linda A Antonucci
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Nora Penzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Informatics, Washington University in St. Luis, st. Luis, MO63110, USA
| | - Mark Sen Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Maria Urquijo-Castro
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Julian Wenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Katharine Chisholm
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centrem University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, 3053, Australia
| | | | - Rebekka Lencer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50937, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40629, Germany
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry (Psychiatric University Hospital, UPK), University of Basel, Basel, 4002, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, 20122, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.,Orygen, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS foundation Trust, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, 40629, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surubaya, 60286, Indonesia.,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, 3000, Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, 80804, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Dominic B Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, 80336, Germany
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19
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Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Takayanagi Y, Suzuki M. Anomalous brain gyrification patterns in major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and transdiagnostic integration. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:176. [PMID: 33731700 PMCID: PMC7969935 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomalous patterns of brain gyrification have been reported in major psychiatric disorders, presumably reflecting their neurodevelopmental pathology. However, previous reports presented conflicting results of patients having hyper-, hypo-, or normal gyrification patterns and lacking in transdiagnostic consideration. In this article, we systematically review previous magnetic resonance imaging studies of brain gyrification in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder at varying illness stages, highlighting the gyral pattern trajectory for each disorder. Patients with each psychiatric disorder may exhibit deviated primary gyri formation under neurodevelopmental genetic control in their fetal life and infancy, and then exhibit higher-order gyral changes due to mechanical stress from active brain changes (e.g., progressive reduction of gray matter volume and white matter integrity) thereafter, representing diversely altered pattern trajectories from those of healthy controls. Based on the patterns of local connectivity and changes in neurodevelopmental gene expression in major psychiatric disorders, we propose an overarching model that spans the diagnoses to explain how deviated gyral pattern trajectories map onto clinical manifestations (e.g., psychosis, mood dysregulation, and cognitive impairments), focusing on the common and distinct gyral pattern changes across the disorders in addition to their correlations with specific clinical features. This comprehensive understanding of the role of brain gyrification pattern on the pathophysiology may help to optimize the prediction and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders using objective biomarkers, as well as provide a novel nosology informed by neural circuits beyond the current descriptive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan. .,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,Arisawabashi Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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20
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Reduced cortical gyrification in the posteromedial cortex in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients with high genetic loading. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:17. [PMID: 33649350 PMCID: PMC7921641 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abnormal cortical gyrification has been consistently reported in patients with schizophrenia, whether gyrification abnormalities reflect a genetic risk for the disorder remains unknown. This study investigated differences in cortical gyrification between unaffected relatives (URs) with high genetic loading for schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) to identify potential genetic vulnerability markers. A total of 50 URs of schizophrenia patients and 50 matched HCs underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to compare whole-brain gyrification using the local gyrification index (lGI). Then, the lGI clusters showing significant differences were compared between the UR subgroups based on the number of first-degree relatives with schizophrenia to identify the effect of genetic loading on cortical gyrification changes. The URs exhibited significantly lower cortical gyrification than the HCs in clusters including medial parieto-occipital and cingulate regions comprising the bilateral precuneus, cuneus, pericalcarine, lingual, isthmus cingulate, and posterior cingulate gyri. Moreover, URs who had two or more first-degree relatives with schizophrenia showed greater gyrification reductions in these clusters than those who had at least one first-degree relative with schizophrenia. Our findings of reduced gyrification in URs, which are consistent with accumulated evidence of hypogyria observed in regions showing patient-control differences in previous studies, highlight that such hypogyria in posteromedial regions may serve as a genetic vulnerability marker and reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities resulting from a genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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21
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Hudgens-Haney ME, Clementz BA, Ivleva EI, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Gershon ES, Keedy SK, Sweeney JA, Gaudoux F, Bunouf P, Canolle B, Tonner F, Gatti-McArthur S, Tamminga CA. Cognitive Impairment and Diminished Neural Responses Constitute a Biomarker Signature of Negative Symptoms in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1269-1281. [PMID: 32043133 PMCID: PMC7505197 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of negative symptoms (NS) in psychosis represents an urgent unmet medical need given the significant functional impairment it contributes to psychosis syndromes. The lack of progress in treating NS is impacted by the lack of known pathophysiology or associated quantitative biomarkers, which could provide tools for research. This current analysis investigated potential associations between NS and an extensive battery of behavioral and brain-based biomarkers in 932 psychosis probands from the B-SNIP database. The current analyses examined associations between PANSS-defined NS and (1) cognition, (2) pro-/anti-saccades, (3) evoked and resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), (4) resting-state fMRI, and (5) tractography. Canonical correlation analyses yielded symptom-biomarker constructs separately for each biomarker modality. Biomarker modalities were integrated using canonical discriminant analysis to summarize the symptom-biomarker relationships into a "biomarker signature" for NS. Finally, distinct biomarker profiles for 2 NS domains ("diminished expression" vs "avolition/apathy") were computed using step-wise linear regression. NS were associated with cognitive impairment, diminished EEG response amplitudes, deviant resting-state activity, and oculomotor abnormalities. While a connection between NS and poor cognition has been established, association to neurophysiology is novel, suggesting directions for future mechanistic studies. Each biomarker modality was related to NS in distinct and complex ways, giving NS a rich, interconnected fingerprint and suggesting that any one biomarker modality may not adequately capture the full spectrum of symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT
| | | | - Sarah K Keedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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22
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Płonka O, Krześniak A, Adamczyk P. Analysis of local gyrification index using a novel shape-adaptive kernel and the standard FreeSurfer spherical kernel - evidence from chronic schizophrenia outpatients. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04172. [PMID: 32551394 PMCID: PMC7287247 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia can be considered a brain disconnectivity condition related to aberrant neurodevelopment that causes alterations in the brain structure, including gyrification of the cortex. Literature findings on cortical folding are incoherent: they report hypogyria in the frontal, superior-parietal and temporal cortices, but also frontal hypergyria. This discrepancy in local gyrification index (LGI) results could be due to the commonly used spherical kernel (Freesurfer), which is a method of analysis that is still not spatially precise enough. In this study we would like to test the spatial accuracy of a novel method based on a shape-adaptive kernel (Cmorph). The analysis of differences in gyrification between chronic schizophrenia outpatients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30) was conducted with two methods: Freesurfer LGI and Cmorph LGI. Widespread differences in the LGI between schizophrenia outpatients and healthy controls were found using both methods. Freesurfer showed hypogyria in the superior temporal gyrus and the right temporal pole; it also showed hypergyria in the rostral-middle-frontal cortex in schizophrenia outpatients. In comparison, Cmorph revealed that hypergyria is equally represented as hypogyria in orbitofrontal and central brain regions. The clusters from Cmorph were smaller and distributed more broadly, covering all lobes of the brain. The presented evidence from disrupted cortical folding in schizophrenia indicates that the shape-adaptive kernel approach has a potential to improve the knowledge on the disrupted cortical folding in schizophrenia; therefore, it could be a valuable tool for further investigation on big sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Płonka
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Krześniak
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Drobinin V, Van Gestel H, Zwicker A, MacKenzie L, Cumby J, Patterson VC, Vallis EH, Campbell N, Hajek T, Helmick CA, Schmidt MH, Alda M, Bowen CV, Uher R. Psychotic symptoms are associated with lower cortical folding in youth at risk for mental illness. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:125-133. [PMID: 31674733 PMCID: PMC7828904 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is essential for healthy brain development. Previous studies have found regional reductions in cortical folding in adult patients with psychotic illness. It is unknown whether these neuroanatomical markers are present in youth with subclinical psychotic symptoms. METHODS We collected MRIs and examined the local gyrification index in a sample of 110 youth (mean age ± standard deviation 14.0 ± 3.7 yr; range 9–25 yr) with a family history of severe mental illness: 48 with psychotic symptoms and 62 without. Images were processed using the Human Connectome Pipeline and FreeSurfer. We tested for group differences in local gyrification index using mixed-effects generalized linear models controlling for age, sex and familial clustering. Sensitivity analysis further controlled for intracranial volume, IQ, and stimulant and cannabis use. RESULTS Youth with psychotic symptoms displayed an overall trend toward lower cortical folding across all brain regions. After adjusting for multiple comparisons and confounders, regional reductions were localized to the frontal and occipital lobes. Specifically, the medial (B = –0.42, pFDR = 0.04) and lateral (B = –0.39, pFDR = 0.04) orbitofrontal cortices as well as the cuneus (B = –0.47, pFDR = 0.03) and the pericalcarine (B = –0.45, pFDR = 0.03) and lingual (B = –0.38, pFDR = 0.04) gyri. LIMITATIONS Inference about developmental trajectories was limited by the cross-sectional data. CONCLUSION Psychotic symptoms in youth are associated with cortical folding deficits, even in the absence of psychotic illness. The current study helps clarify the neurodevelopmental basis of psychosis at an early stage, before medication, drug use and other confounds have had a persistent effect on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Drobinin
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Holly Van Gestel
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Alyson Zwicker
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Lynn MacKenzie
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Jill Cumby
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Victoria C. Patterson
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Emily Howes Vallis
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Niamh Campbell
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Tomas Hajek
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Carl A. Helmick
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Matthias H. Schmidt
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Martin Alda
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Chris V. Bowen
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
| | - Rudolf Uher
- From the Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada (Drobinin, Schmidt, Uher); the Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS (Drobinin, van Gestel, Zwicker, MacKenzie, Cumby, Patterson, Vallis, Campbell, Helmick, Alda, Bowen, Uher); the Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Zwicker, Uher); the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (MacKenzie, Patterson, Uher); the Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Vallis, Helmick, Alda, Uher); the Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Campbell); and the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS (Bowen)
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Madeira N, Duarte JV, Martins R, Costa GN, Macedo A, Castelo-Branco M. Morphometry and gyrification in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A comparative MRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 26:102220. [PMID: 32146321 PMCID: PMC7063231 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased right globus pallidus is a consistent marker in schizophrenia (SCZ). Left supramarginal gyrification increases in bipolar disorder (BPD) in contrast with SCZ. Gyrification analysis may help distinguish early phases of BPD and SCZ.
Schizophrenia is believed to be a neurodevelopmental disease with high heritability. Differential diagnosis is often challenging, especially in early phases, namely with other psychotic disorders or even mood disorders. such as bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms. Key pathophysiological changes separating these two classical psychoses remain poorly understood, and current evidence favors a more dimensional than categorical differentiation between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While established biomarkers like cortical thickness and grey matter volume are heavily influenced by post-onset changes and thus provide limited possibility of accessing early pathologies, gyrification is assumed to be more specifically determined by genetic and early developmental factors. The aim of our study was to compare both classical and novel morphometric features in these two archetypal psychiatric disorders. We included 20 schizophrenia patients, 20 bipolar disorder patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Data analyses were performed with CAT12/SPM12 applying general linear models for four morphometric measures: gyrification and cortical thickness (surface-based morphometry), and whole-brain grey matter/grey matter volume (voxel-based morphometry - VBM). Group effects were tested using age and gender as covariates (and total intracranial volume for VBM). Voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed a schizophrenia vs. control group effect on regional grey matter volume (p < 0.05, familywise error correction) in the right globus pallidus. There was no group effect on white matter volume when correcting for multiple comparisons neither on cortical thickness. Gyrification changes in clinical samples were found in the left supramarginal gyrus (BA40) – increased and reduced gyrification, respectively, in BPD and SCZ patients - and in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA47), with a reduction in gyrification of the SCZ group when compared with controls. The joint analysis of different morphometric features, namely measures such as gyrification, provides a promising strategy for the elucidation of distinct phenotypes in psychiatric disorders. Different morphological change patterns, highlighting specific disease trajectories, could potentially generate neuroimaging-derived biomarkers, helping to discriminate schizophrenia from bipolar disorder in early phases, such as first-episode psychosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Madeira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Nascimento Costa
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Palaniyappan L, Deshpande G, Lanka P, Rangaprakash D, Iwabuchi S, Francis S, Liddle PF. Effective connectivity within a triple network brain system discriminates schizophrenia spectrum disorders from psychotic bipolar disorder at the single-subject level. Schizophr Res 2019; 214:24-33. [PMID: 29398207 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and psychotic bipolar disorder share a number of genetic and neurobiological features, despite a divergence in clinical course and outcome trajectories. We studied the diagnostic classification potential that can be achieved on the basis of the structure and connectivity within a triple network system (the default mode, salience and central executive network) in patients with SSD and psychotic bipolar disorder. METHODS Directed static connectivity and its dynamic variance was estimated among 8 nodes of the three large-scale networks. Multivariate autoregressive models of deconvolved resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging time series were obtained from 57 patients (38 with SSD and 19 with bipolar disorder and psychosis). We used 2/3 of the patients for training and validation of the classifier and the remaining 1/3 as an independent hold-out test data for performance estimation. RESULTS A high level of discrimination between bipolar disorder with psychosis and SSD (combined balanced accuracy = 96.2%; class accuracies 100% for bipolar and 92.3% for SSD) was achieved when effective connectivity and morphometry of the triple network nodes was combined with symptom scores. Patients with SSD were discriminated from patients with bipolar disorder and psychosis as showing higher clinical severity of disorganization and higher variability in the effective connectivity between salience and executive networks. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the view that the study of network-level connectivity patterns can not only clarify the pathophysiology of SSD but also provide a measure of excellent clinical utility to identify discrete diagnostic/prognostic groups among individuals with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Pradyumna Lanka
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - D Rangaprakash
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarina Iwabuchi
- Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield MR Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter F Liddle
- Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Division of Psychiatry & Applied Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK
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26
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Esworthy TJ, Miao S, Lee SJ, Zhou X, Cui H, Zuo YY, Zhang LG. Advanced 4D Bioprinting Technologies for Brain Tissue Modeling and Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SMART AND NANO MATERIALS 2019; 10:177-204. [PMID: 32864037 PMCID: PMC7451241 DOI: 10.1080/19475411.2019.1631899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the process by which the cortical tissues of the brain fold has been the subject of considerable study and debate over the past few decades, a single mechanistic description of the phenomenon has yet to be fully accepted. Rather, two competing explanations of cortical folding have arisen in recent years; known as the axonal tension and the differential tangential expansion models. In the present review, these two models are introduced by analyzing the computational, theoretical, materials-based, and cell studies which have yielded them. Then Four-dimensional bioprinting is presented as a powerful technology which can not only be used to test both models of cortical folding de novo, but can also be used to explore the reciprocal effects that folding associated mechanical stresses may have on neural development. Therein, the fabrication of "smart" tissue models which can accurately simulate the in vivo folding process and recapitulate physiologically relevant stresses are introduced. We also provide a general description of both cortical neurobiology as well as the cellular basis of cortical folding. Our discussion also entails an overview of both 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies, as well as a brief commentary on recent advancements in printed central nervous system tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Esworthy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Shida Miao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Se-Jun Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Haitao Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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Lutz O, Lizano P, Mothi SS, Joseph A, Tandon N, Ormston L, Hooper S, Keshavan M, Shashi V. Hypogyrification and its association with cognitive impairment in children with 22q11.2 deletion Syndrome: A preliminary report. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 285:47-50. [PMID: 30743074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22qDS) is a neurogenetic disorder resulting in cognitive deficits and hypogyrification, but relationships between these processes have not been established. 22qDS youth and healthy controls (HC) were administered a battery of cognitive tasks. Gyrification measurements were extracted from structural T1 scans using Freesurfer, contrasted between groups, and correlated to cognition. Data was adjusted for age, sex, socio-economic status and intracranial volume. 22qDS displayed significant hypogyrification which was associated with poorer executive functioning and verbal learning in orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. Our preliminary findings identified neurodevelopmental deficits in 22qDS shown by hypogyria, which relate to cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lutz
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suraj Sarvode Mothi
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adam Joseph
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leighanne Ormston
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen Hooper
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Road, Room 551, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Takayanagi Y, Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Komori Y, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Nakamura M, Noguchi K, Suzuki M. Altered brain gyrification in deficit and non-deficit schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2019; 49:573-580. [PMID: 29739476 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with the deficit form of schizophrenia (D-SZ) are characterized by severe primary negative symptoms and differ from patients with the non-deficit form of schizophrenia (ND-SZ) in several aspects. No study has measured brain gyrification, which is a potential marker of neurodevelopment, in D-SZ and ND-SZ. METHODS We obtained magnetic resonance scans from 135 schizophrenia patients and 50 healthy controls. The proxy scale for deficit syndrome (PDS) was used for the classification of D-SZ and ND-SZ. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was measured using FreeSurfer. Thirty-seven D-SZ and 36 ND-SZ patients were included in the LGI analyses. We compared LGI across the groups. RESULTS SZ patients exhibited hyper-gyral patterns in the bilateral dorsal medial prefrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortices, bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right lateral parietal/occipital cortices as compared with HCs. Although patients with D-SZ or ND-SZ had higher LGI in similar regions compared with HC, the hyper-gyral patterns were broader in ND-SZ. ND-SZ patients exhibited a significantly higher LGI in the left inferior parietal lobule relative to D-SZ patients. Duration of illness inversely associated with LGI in broad regions only among ND-SZ patients. CONCLUSIONS The common hyper-gyral patterns among D-SZ and ND-SZ suggest that D-SZ and ND-SZ may share neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The different degrees of cortical gyrification seen in the left parietal regions, and the distinct correlation between illness chronicity and LGI observed in the prefrontal and insular cortices may be related to the differences in the clinical manifestations among D-SZ and ND-SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Yuko Komori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry,University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Toyama,Japan
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29
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Collin G, Keshavan MS. Connectome development and a novel extension to the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 30250387 PMCID: PMC6136123 DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2018.20.2/gcollin] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain is the ultimate adaptive system, a complex network organized across multiple levels of spatial and temporal resolution that is sculpted over several decades via its interactions with the environment. This review sets out to examine how fundamental biological processes in early and late neurodevelopment, in interaction with environmental inputs, guide the formation of the brain's network and its ongoing reorganization throughout the course of development. Moreover, we explore how disruptions in these processes could lead to abnormal brain network architecture and organization and thereby give rise to schizophrenia. Arguing that the neurodevelopmental trajectory leading up to the manifestation of psychosis may best be understood from the sequential trajectory of connectome formation and maturation, we propose a novel extension to the neurodevelopmental model of the illness that posits that schizophrenia is a disorder of connectome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guusje Collin
- Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Sarrazin S, Cachia A, Hozer F, McDonald C, Emsell L, Cannon DM, Wessa M, Linke J, Versace A, Hamdani N, D'Albis MA, Delavest M, Phillips ML, Brambilla P, Bellani M, Polosan M, Favre P, Leboyer M, Mangin JF, Houenou J. Neurodevelopmental subtypes of bipolar disorder are related to cortical folding patterns: An international multicenter study. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:721-732. [PMID: 29981196 PMCID: PMC6516086 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brain sulcation is an indirect marker of neurodevelopmental processes. Studies of the cortical sulcation in bipolar disorder have yielded mixed results, probably due to high variability in clinical phenotype. We investigated whole-brain cortical sulcation in a large sample of selected patients with high neurodevelopmental load. METHODS A total of 263 patients with bipolar disorder I and 320 controls were included in a multicentric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. All subjects underwent high-resolution T1-weighted brain MRI. Images were processed with an automatized pipeline to extract the global sulcal index (g-SI) and the local sulcal indices (l-SIs) from 12 a priori determined brain regions covering the whole brain. We compared l-SI and g-SI between patients with and without early-onset bipolar disorder and between patients with and without a positive history of psychosis, adjusting for age, gender and handedness. RESULTS Patients with early-onset bipolar disorder had a higher l-SI in the right prefrontal dorsolateral region. Patients with psychotic bipolar disorder had a decreased l-SI in the left superior parietal cortex. No group differences in g-SI or l-SI were found between healthy subjects and the whole patient cohort. We could replicate the early-onset finding in an independent cohort. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that bipolar disorder is not associated with generalized abnormalities of sulcation, but rather with localized changes of cortical folding restricted to patients with a heavy neurodevelopmental loading. These findings support the hypothesis that bipolar disorder is heterogeneous but may be disentangled using MRI, and suggest the need for investigations into neurodevelopmental deviations in the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Sarrazin
- APHP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Team 15, "Translationnal Psychiatry", IMRB, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Lab. UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders, UMR INSERM 894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l'Éducation de l'enfant (LaPsyDÉ), UMR CNRS 8240, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Franz Hozer
- Lab. UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Corentin-Celton Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
- Paris Descartes University, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise Emsell
- Old Age Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Centre (UPC)-KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational MRI & Radiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michele Wessa
- Department of Neuropsychology and Clinical Psychology, Psychological Institute, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Linke
- Department of Neuropsychology and Clinical Psychology, Psychological Institute, Johannes-Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nora Hamdani
- APHP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Team 15, "Translationnal Psychiatry", IMRB, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Marc-Antoine D'Albis
- APHP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Team 15, "Translationnal Psychiatry", IMRB, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Lab. UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marine Delavest
- APHP, Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Lariboisiere Fernand Widal, INSERM U 705 CNRS UMR 8206, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, AOUI Verona/Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences/University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216 Grenoble Institute of Neuroscience, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marion Leboyer
- APHP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Team 15, "Translationnal Psychiatry", IMRB, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
| | | | - Josselin Houenou
- APHP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
- INSERM U955, Team 15, "Translationnal Psychiatry", IMRB, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
- Lab. UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
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Spalthoff R, Gaser C, Nenadić I. Altered gyrification in schizophrenia and its relation to other morphometric markers. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:195-202. [PMID: 30049600 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is modelled as a neurodevelopmental disease with high heritability. However, established markers like cortical thickness and grey matter volume are heavily influenced by post-onset changes and thus provide limited possibility of accessing early pathologies. Gyrification on the other side is assumed to be more specifically determined by genetic and early developmental factors. Here, we compare T1 weighted 3 Tesla MRI scans of 51 schizophrenia patients and 102 healthy controls (matched for age and gender) using a unified processing pipeline with the CAT12 toolbox. Our study provides a direct comparison between 3D gyrification, cortical thickness, and grey matter volume. We demonstrate that significant (p < 0.05, FWE corrected) results only partially overlap between modalities. Gyrification is altered in bilateral insula, temporal pole and left orbitofrontal cortex, while cortical thickness is additionally reduced in the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and occipital cortex. Grey matter volume (VBM) was reduced in bilateral medial temporal lobes including the amygdala as well as medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and cerebellum. Our results lend further support for altered gyrification as a marker of early neurodevelopmental disturbance in schizophrenia and show its relation to other morphological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Spalthoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Phillips University Marburg/Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany.
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Bernardoni F, King JA, Geisler D, Birkenstock J, Tam FI, Weidner K, Roessner V, White T, Ehrlich S. Nutritional Status Affects Cortical Folding: Lessons Learned From Anorexia Nervosa. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:692-701. [PMID: 29910027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical folding is thought to remain relatively invariant after birth. Therefore, differences seen in psychiatric disorders have been proposed as early biomarkers or used as intermediate phenotypes in imaging genetics studies. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with drastic and rapid structural brain alterations and thus may be an ideal model disorder to study environmental influences on cortical folding. METHODS To date, the only two studies in AN applied different methods (local gyrification index and mean curvature) and found seemingly discordant results. We computed both vertexwise measures in a sizable sample of acutely underweight female AN patients (n = 87, mean age 16.5 years), long-term recovered patients (n = 58, mean age 22 years), and healthy control participants (n = 141, mean age 19.5 years). The majority of acutely ill patients were scanned longitudinally (n = 57) again after partial weight normalization (>14% body mass index increase). RESULTS While gyrification was broadly reduced in acutely ill patients, normal values were restored in most brain regions after partial weight restoration (≈3 months), and after full recovery no significant differences were evident relative to control participants. Increased gyrification was largely predicted by weight restoration alone. Results for absolute mean curvature analyses complemented those obtained using the local gyrification index. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that nutritional status affects cortical folding and suggest that gyrification studies may need to better control for environmental factors. Moreover, they provide novel support for the likelihood that macroscopic changes in the cortical organization in AN are more reflective of nutritional state than premorbid trait markers or permanent scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bernardoni
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph A King
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Geisler
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Birkenstock
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike I Tam
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Weidner
- Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Eating Disorder Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Depping MS, Thomann PA, Wolf ND, Vasic N, Sosic-Vasic Z, Schmitgen MM, Sambataro F, Wolf RC. Common and distinct patterns of abnormal cortical gyrification in major depression and borderline personality disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1115-1125. [PMID: 30119924 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal gray matter volume has been consistently reported in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), but markers of cortical neurodevelopment have been rarely investigated. Also, it is unclear whether there exist common versus distinct spatial patterns of abnormal cortical development across different disorders presenting with negative emotions and deficient affective regulation. In this study, we used structural MRI at 3T to investigate the local gyrification index (LGI), a marker of fetal/infant neurodevelopment, in adult female patients with MDD (n = 22), in adult female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) (n = 17), and in controls (n = 22). Reduced cortical folding of the precuneus, the superior parietal gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus was found in both MDD and BPD patients when compared to controls (p < 0.05, cluster-wise probability [CWP] corrected). MDD patients showed additional hypogyrification of the middle frontal gyrus and the fusiform gyrus when compared to both controls and BPD patients (p < 0.05, CWP corrected). In MDD patients, lower LGI of prefrontal regions was significantly associated with the age of disease onset and with the number of depressive episodes. In BPD patients, lower LGI of orbitofrontal regions was associated with impulsivity. Our findings suggest abnormal early cortical development in MDD, affecting brain regions that have been frequently implied in MDD pathophysiology. However, LGI abnormalities may not be specific for MDD, since MDD and BPD patients also exhibited common patterns of hypogyrification. Hypogyrification of cortical regions associated with higher-order cognition appears to be most pronounced in MDD. Abnormal early cortical neurodevelopment may mediate vulnerability to disorders of emotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte S Depping
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Nadine D Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Nenad Vasic
- Clinical Center Christophsbad, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Göppingen, Germany
| | | | - Mike M Schmitgen
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), University of Udine, Italy
| | - Robert C Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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Neilson E, Bois C, Clarke TK, Hall L, Johnstone EC, Owens DGC, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Polygenic risk for schizophrenia, transition and cortical gyrification: a high-risk study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1532-1539. [PMID: 29065934 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder, linked to several structural abnormalities of the brain. More specifically, previous findings have suggested that increased gyrification in frontal and temporal regions are implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. METHODS The current study included participants at high familial risk of schizophrenia who remained well (n = 31), who developed sub-diagnostic symptoms (n = 28) and who developed schizophrenia (n = 9) as well as healthy controls (HC) (n = 16). We first tested whether individuals at high familial risk of schizophrenia carried an increased burden of trait-associated alleles using polygenic risk score analysis. We then assessed the extent to which polygenic risk was associated with gyral folding in the frontal and temporal lobes. RESULTS We found that individuals at high familial risk of schizophrenia who developed schizophrenia carried a significantly greater burden of risk-conferring variants for the disorder compared to those at high risk (HR) who developed sub-diagnostic symptoms or remained well and HC. Furthermore, within the HR cohort, there was a significant and positive association between schizophrenia polygenic risk score and bilateral frontal gyrification. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that polygenic risk for schizophrenia impacts upon early neurodevelopment to confer greater gyral folding in adulthood and an increased risk of developing the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Neilson
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - C Bois
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - T-K Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - L Hall
- International Centre for Life,Institute of Genetic Medicine,Newcastle University,Central Parkway,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - E C Johnstone
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - D G C Owens
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
| | - S M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry,University of Edinburgh,Royal Edinburgh Hospital,Kennedy Tower,Edinburgh,UK
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Das T, Borgwardt S, Hauke DJ, Harrisberger F, Lang UE, Riecher-Rössler A, Palaniyappan L, Schmidt A. Disorganized Gyrification Network Properties During the Transition to Psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:613-622. [PMID: 29710118 PMCID: PMC6137528 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is urgent need to improve the limited prognostic accuracy of clinical instruments to predict psychosis onset in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. As yet, no reliable biological marker has been established to delineate CHR individuals who will develop psychosis from those who will not. OBJECTIVES To investigate abnormalities in a graph-based gyrification connectome in the early stages of psychosis and to test the accuracy of this systems-based approach to predict a transition to psychosis among CHR individuals. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This investigation was a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with follow-up assessment to determine the transition status of CHR individuals. Participants were recruited from a specialized clinic for the early detection of psychosis at the Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. Participants included individuals in the following 4 study groups: 44 healthy controls (HC group), 63 at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals without later transition to psychosis (ARMS-NT group), 16 ARMS individuals with later transition to psychosis (ARMS-T group), and 38 antipsychotic-free patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP group). The study dates were November 2008 to November 2014. The dates of analysis were March to November 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Gyrification-based structural covariance networks (connectomes) were constructed to quantify global integration, segregation, and small-worldness. Group differences in network measures were assessed using functional data analysis across a range of network densities. The extremely randomized trees algorithm with repeated 5-fold cross-validation was used to delineate ARMS-T individuals from ARMS-NT individuals. Permutation tests were conducted to assess the significance of classification performance measures. RESULTS The 4 study groups comprised 161 participants with mean (SD) ages ranging from 24.0 (4.7) to 25.9 (5.7) years. Small-worldness was reduced in the ARMS-T and FEP groups and was associated with decreased integration and increased segregation in both groups (Hedges g range, 0.666-1.050). Using the connectome properties as features, a good classification performance was obtained (accuracy, 90.49%; balanced accuracy, 81.34%; positive predictive value, 84.47%; negative predictive value, 92.18%; sensitivity, 66.11%; specificity, 96.58%; and area under the curve, 88.30%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that there is poor integration in the coordinated development of cortical folding in patients who develop psychosis. These results further suggest that gyrification-based connectomes might be a promising means to generate systems-based measures from anatomical data to improve individual prediction of a transition to psychosis in CHR individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Das
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J. Hauke
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Harrisberger
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anita Riecher-Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - André Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry (Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken [UPK]), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Zheng F, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Gao X, He Y, Liu X, Cui D, Qi R, Chen T, Qiu J. Age-related changes in cortical and subcortical structures of healthy adult brains: A surface-based morphometry study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:152-163. [PMID: 29676856 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral structures in both cortical and subcortical regions change with aging. More specific and comprehensive studies are needed to better elucidate these changes. PURPOSE To investigate the relationships between age and cerebral structures regarding cortical and subcortical changes. STUDY TYPE Cross-cohort research. POPULATION 54 healthy adults (28 females) aged 21-71 years. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE T1 -weighted imaging was performed at 1.5T. ASSESSMENT The cortical thickness, local gyrification index (LGI), and the volumes of total gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), white matter hyperintensity (WMH), deep gray matter nuclei (putamen, pallidum, thalamus, caudate, amygdala, accumbens area, and hippocampus), ventricles, and hippocampal subfields were obtained using FreeSurfer software. STATISTICAL TESTS Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationships between age and cortical thickness, LGI, and volumes of subcortical structures. Uncorrected P values ≤ 0.001 and R2 > 0.16 were considered significant. RESULTS The cortical thickness and LGI decreased with age throughout almost all brain regions (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). Except for the volumes of the WM and 4th ventricle (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001), the volumes of the GM, WMH, lateral ventricle, inferior lateral ventricle, and 3rd ventricle showed a nonlinear correlation with aging (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). For deep gray matter nuclei, the thalamus volume was significantly decreased with aging (R2 = 0.256; P = 0.001). Additionally, the hippocampus volume was initially increased and then decreased at age of 50, mainly in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (GC-DG), cornus ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), CA4, and fissure (R2 > 0.16; P ≤ 0.001). The volumes of the putamen, pallidum, accumbens area, amygdala and caudate showed no significance with aging (R2 < 0.16; P > 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION The results comprehensively show the relationships between age and cerebral structures in multiple brain regions, and these findings may help identify normal aging and other age-related neuroradiological disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:152-163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Zheng
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Yuan
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyao He
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Dong Cui
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Tiao Chen
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Radiology of Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- Radiology of Department, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China.,Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Taishan Medical University, Taian, China
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Rodrigue AL, McDowell JE, Tandon N, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Gibbons RD, Clementz BA. Multivariate Relationships Between Cognition and Brain Anatomy Across the Psychosis Spectrum. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:992-1002. [PMID: 29759822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and structural brain abnormalities range from mild to severe in psychosis. The relationships of specific cognitive functions to specific brain structures across the psychosis spectrum is less certain. METHODS Participants (n = 678) with bipolar, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia psychoses and healthy control subjects were recruited via the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes. The Schizo-Bipolar Scale was used to create a psychosis continuum (from purely affective to purely nonaffective). Canonical correlation between 14 cognitive measures and structural brain measures (gray matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and local gyrification indices) for 68 neocortical regions yielded constructs that defined shared cognition-brain structure relationships. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to integrate these constructs and efficiently summarize cognition-brain structure relationships across the psychosis continuum. RESULTS General cognition was associated with larger gray matter volumes and thicker cortices but smaller cortical surface area in frontoparietal regions. Working memory was associated with larger volume and surface area in frontotemporal regions. Faster response speed was associated with thicker frontal cortices. Constructs that captured general cognitive ability and working memory and their relationship to cortical volumes primarily defined an ordered psychosis spectrum (purely affective, least abnormal through purely nonaffective, and most abnormal). A construct that captured general cognitive ability and its relationship to cortical surface area differentiated purely affective cases from other groups. CONCLUSIONS General cognition and working memory with cortical volume deviations characterized more nonaffective psychoses. Alternatively, affective psychosis cases with general cognitive deficits had deviations in cortical surface area, perhaps accounting for heterogeneous findings across previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rodrigue
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert D Gibbons
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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Cortical folding abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia who have persistent auditory verbal hallucinations. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:297-306. [PMID: 29305294 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In schizophrenia temporal cortical volume loss differs between patients presenting with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (pAVH) in contrast to those without hallucinatory symptoms (nAVH). However, it is unknown whether this deficit reflects a neural signature of neurodevelopmental origin or if abnormal temporal cortical volume is reflective of factors which may be relevant at later stages of the disorder. Here, we tested the hypothesis that local gyrification index (LGI) in regions of the temporal cortex differs between patients with pAVH (n=10) and healthy controls (n=14), and that abnormal temporal LGI discriminates between pAVH and nAVH (n=10). Structural magnetic resonance imaging at 3T along with surface-based data analysis methods was used. Contrary to our expectations, patients with pAVH showed lower LGI in Broca´s region compared to both healthy persons and nAVH. Compared to nAVH, those individuals presenting with pAVH also showed lower LGI in right Broca's homologue and right superior middle frontal cortex, together with increased LGI in the precuneus and superior parietal cortex. Regions with abnormal LGI common to both patient samples were found in anterior cingulate and superior frontal areas. Inferior cortical regions exhibiting abnormal LGI in pAVH patients were associated with overall symptom load (BPRS), but not with measures of AVH symptom severity. The pattern of abnormal cortical folding in this sample suggests a neurodevelopmental signature in Broca's region, consistent with current AVH models emphasizing the pivotal role of language circuits and inner speech. Temporal cortical deficits may characterize patients with pAVH during later stages of the disorder.
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Nelson EA, White DM, Kraguljac NV, Lahti AC. Gyrification Connectomes in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia and Following a Short Course of Antipsychotic Drug Treatment. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:699. [PMID: 30618873 PMCID: PMC6306495 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a d isease characterized by brain dysconnectivity and abnormal brain development. The study of cortical gyrification in schizophrenia may capture underlying alterations reflective of neurodevelopmental abnormalities more accurately than other imaging modalities. Graph-based connectomic approaches have been previously used in schizophrenia to study structural and functional brain covariance using a diversity of techniques. The goal of the present study was to evaluate morphological covariance using a measure of local gyrification index in patients with schizophrenia. The aims of this study were two-fold: (1) Evaluate the structural covariance of local gyrification index using graph theory measures of integration and segregation in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls and (2) investigate changes in these measures following a short antipsychotic drug (APD) treatment. Using a longitudinal prospective design, structural scans were obtained prior to treatment in 34 unmedicated patients with SZ and after 6 weeks of treatment with risperidone. To control for the effect of time, 23 matched healthy controls (HC) were also scanned twice, 6 weeks apart. The cortical surface of each structural image was reconstructed and local gyrification index values were computed using FreeSurfer. Local gyrification index values where then parcellated into atlas based regions and entered into a 68 × 68 correlation matrix to construct local gyrification index connectomes for each group at each time point. Longitudinal comparisons showed significant group by time interactions for measures of segregation (clustering, local efficiency) and modularity, but not for measures of integration (path length, global efficiency). Post-hoc tests showed increased clustering, local efficiency, and modularity connectomes in unmedicated patients with SZ at baseline compared to HC. Post-hoc tests did not show significant within group differences for HCs or patients with SZ. After 6 weeks of treatment, there were no significant differences between the groups on these measures. Abnormal cortical topography is detected in schizophrenia and is modified by short term APD treatment reflective of decreases in hyper-specialization in network connectivity. We speculate that changes in the structural organization of the brain is achieved through the neuroplastic effects that APDs have on brain tissue, thus promoting more efficient brain connections and, possibly, a therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - David M White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Nina V Kraguljac
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Abstract
The cerebral cortex of the human brain has a complex morphological structure consisting of folded or smooth cortical surfaces. These morphological features are referred to as cortical gyrification and are characterized by the gyrification index (GI). A number of cortical gyrification studies have been published using the manual tracing GI, automated GI, and local GI in patients with schizophrenia. In this review, we highlighted abnormal cortical gyrification in patients with schizophrenia, first-episode schizophrenia, siblings of patients, and high-risk and at-risk individuals. Previous researches also indicated that abnormalities in cortical gyrification may underlie the severity of clinical symptoms, neurological soft signs, and executive functions. A substantial body of research has been conducted; however, some researches showed an increased GI, which is called as "hypergyria," and others showed a decreased GI, which is called as "hypogyria." We discussed that different GI methods and a wide variety of characteristics, such as age, sex, stage, and severity of illness, might be important reasons for the conflicting findings. These issues still need to be considered, and future studies should address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Matsuda
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan, .,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan,
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Sasabayashi D, Takayanagi Y, Takahashi T, Koike S, Yamasue H, Katagiri N, Sakuma A, Obara C, Nakamura M, Furuichi A, Kido M, Nishikawa Y, Noguchi K, Matsumoto K, Mizuno M, Kasai K, Suzuki M. Increased Occipital Gyrification and Development of Psychotic Disorders in Individuals With an At-Risk Mental State: A Multicenter Study. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:737-745. [PMID: 28709499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalies of brain gyrification have been reported in schizophrenia, possibly reflecting its neurodevelopmental pathology. However, it remains elusive whether individuals at risk for psychotic disorders exhibit deviated gyrification patterns, and whether such findings, if present, are predictive of transition to psychotic disorders. METHODS This multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study investigated brain gyrification and its relationship to later transition to psychotic disorders in a large sample of at-risk mental state (ARMS) individuals. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained from 104 ARMS individuals, of whom 21 (20.2%) exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders during clinical follow-up (mean = 4.9 years, SD = 2.6 years), and 104 healthy control subjects at 4 different sites. The local gyrification index (LGI) of the entire cortex was compared across the groups using FreeSurfer software. RESULTS Compared with the control subjects, ARMS individuals showed a significantly higher LGI in widespread cortical areas, including the bilateral frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, which was partly associated with prodromal symptomatology. ARMS individuals who exhibited the transition to psychotic disorders showed a significantly higher LGI in the left occipital region compared with individuals without transition. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that increased LGI in diverse cortical regions might represent vulnerability to psychopathology, while increased LGI in the left occipital cortex might be related to subsequent manifestation of florid psychotic disorders as a possible surrogate marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chika Obara
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Progressive cortical reorganisation: A framework for investigating structural changes in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu B, Zhang X, Cui Y, Qin W, Tao Y, Li J, Yu C, Jiang T. Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia Influences Cortical Gyrification in 2 Independent General Populations. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:673-680. [PMID: 27169464 PMCID: PMC5463795 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is highly heritable, whereas the effect of each genetic variant is very weak. Since clinical heterogeneity and complexity of schizophrenia is high, considerable effort has been made to relate genetic variants to underlying neurobiological aspects of schizophrenia (endophenotypes). Given the polygenic nature of schizophrenia, our goal was to form a measure of additive genetic risk and explore its relationship to cortical morphology. Utilizing the data from a recent genome-wide association study that included nearly 37 000 cases of schizophrenia, we computed a polygenic risk score (PGRS) for each subject in 2 independent and healthy general populations. We then investigated the effect of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on cortical gyrification calculated from 3.0T structural imaging data in the discovery dataset (N = 315) and replication dataset (N = 357). We found a consistent effect of the polygenic risk for schizophrenia on cortical gyrification in the inferior parietal lobules in 2 independent general-population samples. A higher PGRS was significantly associated with a lower local gyrification index in the bilateral inferior parietal lobles, where case-control differences have been reported in previous studies on schizophrenia. Our findings strongly support the effectiveness of both PGRSs and endophenotypes in establishing the genetic architecture of psychiatry. Our findings may provide some implications regarding individual differences in the genetic risk for schizophrenia to cortical morphology and brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;,Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies hypothesized that neurodevelopmental risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Cortical folding has been shown to be a reliable indicator for normal and altered neurodevelopment, but in OCD it has barely been investigated up to now. The present study investigates whether alterations in gyrification are detectable in OCD and, if so, how these are associated with clinical characteristics. METHOD We compared the local Gyrification Index (lGI) between 75 OCD patients and 75 matched healthy subjects across the whole brain. In addition, for those regions exhibiting an altered lGI in patients we explored a potential relationship to symptom severity, age of onset, and influence of medication. RESULTS OCD patients had a significantly decreased lGI in right parietal, precentral but also insula, temporal, pars triangularis and rostral middle frontal regions compared to healthy subjects. A positive association with age of onset was found but no association with symptom severity. There was no effect of co-morbidity or medication. CONCLUSIONS The reduced gyrification found in OCD confirms previous findings in other psychiatric disorders and suggests that alterations may already occur during early stages of brain development. Our findings support the idea that altered cortical folding might represent a trait characteristic of the disorder although longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the trajectory of this morphological measure in OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Rus
- Department of Neuroradiology,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany
| | - T J Reess
- Department of Neuroradiology,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany
| | - G Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Jena University Hospital,Jena,Germany
| | - M Zaudig
- Windach Institute and Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy (WINTR),Windach,Germany
| | - C Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany
| | - K Koch
- Department of Neuroradiology,Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München,Munich,Germany
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Tandon N, Nanda P, Padmanabhan JL, Mathew IT, Eack SM, Narayanan B, Meda SA, Bergen SE, Ruaño G, Windemuth A, Kocherla M, Petryshen TL, Clementz B, Sweeney J, Tamminga C, Pearlson G, Keshavan MS. Novel gene-brain structure relationships in psychotic disorder revealed using parallel independent component analyses. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:74-83. [PMID: 27789186 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder overlap with regard to symptoms, structural and functional brain abnormalities, and genetic risk factors. Neurobiological pathways connecting genes to clinical phenotypes across the spectrum from schizophrenia to psychotic bipolar disorder remain largely unknown. METHODS We examined the relationship between structural brain changes and risk alleles across the psychosis spectrum in the multi-site Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) cohort. Regional MRI brain volumes were examined in 389 subjects with a psychotic disorder (139 schizophrenia, 90 schizoaffective disorder, and 160 psychotic bipolar disorder) and 123 healthy controls. 451,701 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were screened and processed using parallel independent component analysis (para-ICA) to assess associations between genes and structural brain abnormalities in probands. RESULTS 482 subjects were included after quality control (364 individuals with psychotic disorder and 118 healthy controls). Para-ICA identified four genetic components including several risk genes already known to contribute to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and revealed three structural components that showed overlapping relationships with the disease risk genes across the three psychotic disorders. Functional ontologies representing these gene clusters included physiological pathways involved in brain development, synaptic transmission, and ion channel activity. CONCLUSIONS Heritable brain structural findings such as reduced cortical thickness and surface area in probands across the psychosis spectrum were associated with somewhat distinct genes related to putative disease pathways implicated in psychotic disorders. This suggests that brain structural alterations might represent discrete psychosis intermediate phenotypes along common neurobiological pathways underlying disease expression across the psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Tandon
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pranav Nanda
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA; College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaya L Padmanabhan
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian T Mathew
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaun M Eack
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shashwath A Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- Department of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
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Schultz CC, Wagner G, Schachtzabel C, Reichenbach JR, Schlösser RGM, Sauer H, Koch K. Increased white matter radial diffusivity is associated with prefrontal cortical folding deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 261:91-95. [PMID: 28171781 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neuronal underpinnings of cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia remain unclear. Theories on the physiological development of cortical folds stress the importance of white matter fibers for this process and disturbances of fiber tracts might be relevant for cortical folding alterations in schizophrenia. Nine-teen patients with schizophrenia and 19 healthy subjects underwent T1-weighted MRI and DTI. Cortical folding was computed using a surface based approach. DTI was analyzed using FSL and SPM 5. Radial diffusivity and cortical folding were correlated covering the entire cortex in schizophrenia. Significantly increased radial diffusivity of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) in the left superior temporal region was negatively correlated with cortical folding of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in patients, i.e. higher radial diffusivity, as an indicator for disturbed white matter fiber myelination, was associated with lower cortical folding of the left DLPFC. Patients with pronounced alterations of the SLF showed significantly reduced cortical folding in the left DLPFC. Our study provides novel evidence for a linkage between prefrontal cortical folding alterations and deficits in connecting white matter fiber tracts in schizophrenia and supports the notion that the integrity of white matter tracts is crucial for intact morphogenesis of the cortical folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schachtzabel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf G M Schlösser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Koch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Department of Neuroradiology & TUM-Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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47
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Schultz CC, Wagner G, de la Cruz F, Berger S, Reichenbach JR, Sauer H, Bär KJ. Evidence for alterations of cortical folding in anorexia nervosa. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:41-49. [PMID: 26678081 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is highly heritable, and the perspective on the etiology of AN has changed from a behavioral to a neurobiological and neurodevelopmental view. However, cortical folding as an important marker for deviations in brain development has yet rarely been explored in AN. Hence, in order to determine potential cortical folding alterations, we investigated fine-grained cortical folding in a cohort of 26 patients with AN, of whom 6 patients were recovered regarding their weight at the time point of MRI measurement. MRI-derived cortical folding was computed and compared between patients and healthy controls at about 150,000 points per hemisphere using a surface-based technique (FreeSurfer). Patients with AN exhibited highly significant increased cortical folding in a right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex region (DLPFC). Furthermore, a statistical trend in the same direction was found in the right visual cortex. We did not find a correlation of local cortical folding and current symptoms of the disease. In conclusion, our analyses provide first evidence that altered DLPFC cortical folding plays a role in the etiology of AN. The absence of correlations with clinical parameters implicates a relatively independence of cortical folding alterations from the current symptomatology and might thus be regarded as a trait characteristic of the disease potentially related to other neurobiological features of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain & Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain & Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandy Berger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain & Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen R Reichenbach
- Medical Physics Group, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany
| | - Karl J Bär
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Philosophenweg 3, 07740, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain & Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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48
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Brain Mapping Using Neuroimaging. Appl Microsc 2016. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2016.46.4.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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49
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Bakker G, Caan MWA, Vingerhoets WAM, da Silva- Alves F, de Koning M, Boot E, Nieman DH, de Haan L, Bloemen OJ, Booij J, van Amelsvoort TAMJ. Cortical Morphology Differences in Subjects at Increased Vulnerability for Developing a Psychotic Disorder: A Comparison between Subjects with Ultra-High Risk and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159928. [PMID: 27828960 PMCID: PMC5102447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Subjects with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and subjects with ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) share a risk of approximately 30% to develop a psychotic disorder. Studying these groups helps identify biological markers of pathophysiological processes involved in the development of psychosis. Total cortical surface area (cSA), total cortical grey matter volume (cGMV), cortical thickness (CT), and local gyrification index (LGI) of the cortical structure have a distinct neurodevelopmental origin making them important target markers to study in relation to the development of psychosis. Materials and Methods Structural T1-weighted high resolution images were acquired using a 3 Tesla Intera MRI system in 18 UHR subjects, 18 22q11DS subjects, and 24 matched healthy control (HC) subjects. Total cSA, total cGMV, mean CT, and regional vertex-wise differences in CT and LGI were assessed using FreeSurfer software. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to assess psychotic symptom severity in UHR and 22q11DS subjects at time of scanning. Results 22q11DS subjects had lower total cSA and total cGMV compared to UHR and HC subjects. The 22q11DS subjects showed bilateral lower LGI in the i) prefrontal cortex, ii) precuneus, iii) precentral gyrus and iv) cuneus compared to UHR subjects. Additionally, lower LGI was found in the left i) fusiform gyrus and right i) pars opercularis, ii) superior, and iii) inferior temporal gyrus in 22q11DS subjects compared to HC. In comparison to 22q11DS subjects, the UHR subjects had lower CT of the insula. For both risk groups, positive symptom severity was negatively correlated to rostral middle frontal gyrus CT. Conclusion A shared negative correlation between positive symptom severity and rostral middle frontal gyrus CT in UHR and 22q11DS may be related to their increased vulnerability to develop a psychotic disorder. 22q11DS subjects were characterised by widespread lower degree of cortical gyrification linked to early and postnatal neurodevelopmental pathology. No implications for early neurodevelopmental pathology were found for the UHR subjects, although they did have distinctively lower insula CT which may have arisen from defective pruning processes during adolescence. Implications of these findings in relation to development of psychotic disorders are in need of further investigation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geor Bakker
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthan W. A. Caan
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelmina A. M. Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiana da Silva- Alves
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Boot
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Dalglish Family 22q Clinic, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dorien H. Nieman
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oswald J. Bloemen
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GGZ Centraal, Center for Mental Health Care Innova, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thérèse A. M. J. van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Han KM, Won E, Kang J, Kim A, Yoon HK, Chang HS, Son KR, Lee MS, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Local gyrification index in patients with major depressive disorder and its association with tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) polymorphism. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:1299-1310. [PMID: 27807918 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2) gene is considered a promising genetic candidate regarding its association with a predisposition to major depressive disorder (MDD). Local gyrification reflects the early neural development of cortical connectivity, and is regarded as a potential neural endophenotype in psychiatric disorders. They aimed to investigate the alterations in the cortical gyrification of the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex and their association with the TPH2 rs4570625 polymorphism in patients with MDD. One hundred and thirteen patients with MDD and eighty-six healthy controls underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping for TPH2 rs4570625. The local gyrification index of 22 cortical regions in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex was analyzed using the FreeSurfer. The patients with MDD showed significant hypergyria in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (P = 0.001), medial orbitofrontal cortex (P = 0.003), and frontal pole (P = 0.001). There was a significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction for the local gyrification index in the right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (P = 0.003). Their study revealed significant hypergyria of the anterior cingulate cortex and prefrontal cortex and an interactive effect between the diagnosis of MDD and the genotype in the anterior cingulate cortex. This might be associated with the dysfunction of neural circuits mediating emotion processing, which could contribute to pathophysiology of MDD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1299-1310, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoo Won
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - June Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Kyoung Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Department of Medical Bioscience, Graduate School, Soonchunhyang University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Son
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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