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Arutiunian V, Arcara G, Buyanova I, Fedorov M, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Abnormalities in both stimulus-induced and baseline MEG alpha oscillations in the auditory cortex of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:1225-1242. [PMID: 38683212 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothetically related to the imbalance between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Different studies have revealed that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity in magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) may reflect E and I processes and, thus, can be of particular interest in ASD research. Previous findings indicated alterations in event-related and baseline alpha activity in different cortical systems in individuals with ASD, and these abnormalities were associated with core and co-occurring conditions of ASD. However, the knowledge on auditory alpha oscillations in this population is limited. This MEG study investigated stimulus-induced (Event-Related Desynchronization, ERD) and baseline alpha-band activity (both periodic and aperiodic) in the auditory cortex and also the relationships between these neural activities and behavioral measures of children with ASD. Ninety amplitude-modulated tones were presented to two groups of children: 20 children with ASD (5 girls, Mage = 10.03, SD = 1.7) and 20 typically developing controls (9 girls, Mage = 9.11, SD = 1.3). Children with ASD had a bilateral reduction of alpha-band ERD, reduced baseline aperiodic-adjusted alpha power, and flattened aperiodic exponent in comparison to TD children. Moreover, lower raw baseline alpha power and aperiodic offset in the language-dominant left auditory cortex were associated with better language skills of children with ASD measured in formal assessment. The findings highlighted the alterations of E / I balance metrics in response to basic auditory stimuli in children with ASD and also provided evidence for the contribution of low-level processing to language difficulties in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, United States of America.
| | | | - Irina Buyanova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Makar Fedorov
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Torrens WA, Pablo JN, Berryhill ME, Haigh SM. Pattern glare sensitivity distinguishes subclinical autism and schizotypy. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2024; 29:155-172. [PMID: 38551240 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2024.2335103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders sharing clinically relevant behaviours. However, early sensory responses show divergent responses. Individuals with schizophrenia typically exhibit cortical hypo-excitability whereas individuals with autism show cortical hyperexcitability. Identifying reliable neurobiological differences between the disorders can diminish misdiagnosis and optimise treatments. METHODS The pattern glare test (PGT) is a simple measure of behavioural hyperexcitability. It measures the number of illusions seen in a static horizontal grating. We collected PGT data from non-clinical adults varying in traits of autism and schizophrenia (schizotypy). 576 undergraduate students completed an online survey consisting of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Brief Revised, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, and the PGT. RESULTS Subclinical autism and schizotypy traits were highly positively correlated. However, only schizotypy scores were significantly predictive of reporting more pattern glare (PG) illusions. When assessing the subcomponents of the schizotypy and autism scores, positive and disorganised schizotypy traits were predictive of reporting more PG illusions. Whereas, subclinical autism factors were not predictive of PG illusions. CONCLUSIONS High schizotypy performed the PGT in a manner consistent with behavioural hyperexcitability. The PGT distinguished subclinical autistic traits from schizotypy, suggesting potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy A Torrens
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Jenna N Pablo
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Marian E Berryhill
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
| | - Sarah M Haigh
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Nevada, Reno, USA
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Frank LR, Galinsky VL, Krigolson O, Tapert SF, Bickel S, Martinez A. Imaging of brain electric field networks. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-2432269. [PMID: 38659785 PMCID: PMC11042417 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2432269/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We present a method for direct imaging of the electric field networks in the human brain from electroencephalography (EEG) data with much higher temporal and spatial resolution than functional MRI (fMRI), without the concomitant distortions. The method is validated using simultaneous EEG/fMRI data in healthy subjects, intracranial EEG data in epilepsy patients, and in a direct comparison with standard EEG analysis in a well-established attention paradigm. The method is then demonstrated on a very large cohort of subjects performing a standard gambling task designed to activate the brain's 'reward circuit'. The technique uses the output from standard EEG systems and thus has potential for immediate benefit to a broad range of important basic scientific and clinical questions concerning brain electrical activity, but also provides an inexpensive and portable alternative to function MRI (fMRI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence R. Frank
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- 7Center for Functional MRI, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vitaly L. Galinsky
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olave Krigolson
- Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Stephan Bickel
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Ibrahim K, Iturmendi-Sabater I, Vasishth M, Barron DS, Guardavaccaro M, Funaro MC, Holmes A, McCarthy G, Eickhoff SB, Sukhodolsky DG. Neural circuit disruptions of eye gaze processing in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:298-313. [PMID: 38215566 PMCID: PMC10922721 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment in social cognition, particularly eye gaze processing, is a shared feature common to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. However, it is unclear if a convergent neural mechanism also underlies gaze dysfunction in these conditions. The present study examined whether this shared eye gaze phenotype is reflected in a profile of convergent neurobiological dysfunction in ASD and schizophrenia. METHODS Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analyses were conducted on peak voxel coordinates across the whole brain to identify spatial convergence. Functional coactivation with regions emerging as significant was assessed using meta-analytic connectivity modeling. Functional decoding was also conducted. RESULTS Fifty-six experiments (n = 30 with schizophrenia and n = 26 with ASD) from 36 articles met inclusion criteria, which comprised 354 participants with ASD, 275 with schizophrenia and 613 healthy controls (1242 participants in total). In ASD, aberrant activation was found in the left amygdala relative to unaffected controls during gaze processing. In schizophrenia, aberrant activation was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area. Across ASD and schizophrenia, aberrant activation was found in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus during gaze processing. Functional decoding mapped the left amygdala to domains related to emotion processing and cognition, the right inferior frontal gyrus to cognition and perception, and the right fusiform gyrus to visual perception, spatial cognition, and emotion perception. These regions also showed meta-analytic connectivity to frontoparietal and frontotemporal circuitry. CONCLUSION Alterations in frontoparietal and frontotemporal circuitry emerged as neural markers of gaze impairments in ASD and schizophrenia. These findings have implications for advancing transdiagnostic biomarkers to inform targeted treatments for ASD and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Ibrahim
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America.
| | | | - Maya Vasishth
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America
| | - Daniel S Barron
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa C Funaro
- Yale University, Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, United States of America
| | - Avram Holmes
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Yale University, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America; Yale University, Wu Tsai Institute, United States of America
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Yale University, Department of Psychology, United States of America; Yale University, Wu Tsai Institute, United States of America
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis G Sukhodolsky
- Yale University School of Medicine, Child Study Center, United States of America
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Martínez A, Gaspar PA, Bermudez DH, Belen Aburto-Ponce M, Beggel O, Javitt DC. Disrupted third visual pathway function in schizophrenia: Evidence from real and implied motion processing. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103570. [PMID: 38309185 PMCID: PMC10847789 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Impaired motion perception in schizophrenia has been associated with deficits in social-cognitive processes and with reduced activation of visual sensory regions, including the middle temporal area (MT+) and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). These findings are consistent with the recent proposal of the existence of a specific 'third visual pathway' specialized for social perception in which motion is a fundamental component. The third visual pathway transmits visual information from early sensory visual processing areas to the STS, with MT+ acting as a critical intermediary. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate functioning of this pathway during processing of naturalistic videos with explicit (real) motion and static images with implied motion cues. These measures were related to face emotion recognition and motion-perception, as measured behaviorally. Participants were 28 individuals with schizophrenia (Sz) and 20 neurotypical controls. Compared to controls, individuals with Sz showed reduced activation of third visual pathway regions (MT+, pSTS) in response to both real- and implied-motion stimuli. Dysfunction of early visual cortex and pulvinar were also associated with aberrant real-motion processing. Implied-motion stimuli additionally engaged a wide network of brain areas including parietal, motor and frontal nodes of the human mirror neuron system. The findings support concepts of MT+ as a mediator between visual sensory areas and higher-order brain and argue for greater focus on MT+ contributions to social-cognitive processing, in addition to its well-documented role in visual motion processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antígona Martínez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
| | - Pablo A Gaspar
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Neurosciences Institute, IMHAY, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dalton H Bermudez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - M Belen Aburto-Ponce
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Odeta Beggel
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Liu S, He Y, Guo D, Liu X, Hao X, Hu P, Ming D. Transcranial alternating current stimulation ameliorates emotional attention through neural oscillations modulation. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:1473-1483. [PMID: 37969947 PMCID: PMC10640550 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous clinical reports have suggested that psychopathy like schizophrenia, anxiety and depression is accompanied by early attentional abnormalities in emotional processing. Recently, the efficacy of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) in changing emotional functioning has been repeatedly observed and demonstrated a causal relationship between endogenous oscillations and emotional processing. Aims Up to now, tACS effects on emotional attention have not yet been tested. To assess such ability, we delivered active-tACS at individual alpha frequency (IAF), 10 Hz or sham-tACS for 7 consecutive days in the bilaterally dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) to totally 79 healthy participants. Results IAF-tACS group showed significant alpha entrainment at-rest, especially in open state around stimulation area and showed an obvious advantage compared to 10 Hz-tACS. Event-related potential revealed a significant larger P200 amplitude after active-tACS and IAF group showed wider range of emotions than 10 Hz-tACS, indicating the attentional improvement in facial emotion processing. A notable positive correlation between alpha power and P200 amplitude provided an electrophysiological interpretation regarding the role of tACS in emotional attention modulation instead of somatosensory effects. Conclusion These results support a seminal outcome for the effect of IAF-tACS on emotional attention modulation, demonstrating a feasible and individual-specific therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders related to emotion processing, especially regarding oscillatory disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchen He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Dongyue Guo
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Pengchong Hu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin International Joint Research Center for Neural Engineering, 300072 Tianjin, China
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Sehatpour P, Kreither J, Lopez-Calderon J, Shastry AM, De Baun HM, Martinez A, Javitt DC. Network-level mechanisms underlying effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on visuomotor learning in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:360. [PMID: 37993420 PMCID: PMC10665365 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is a fundamental skill to our daily lives. Dysfunction in motor performance in schizophrenia (Sz) has been associated with poor social and functional outcomes. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive electrical brain stimulation approach, can influence underlying brain function with potential for improving motor learning in Sz. We used a well-established Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) to study motor learning, in combination with simultaneous tDCS and EEG recording, to investigate mechanisms of motor and procedural learning deficits in Sz, and to develop refined non-invasive brain stimulation approaches to improve neurocognitive dysfunction. We recruited 27 individuals with Sz and 21 healthy controls (HC). Individuals performed the SRTT task as they received sham and active tDCS with simultaneous EEG recording. Reaction time (RT), neuropsychological, and measures of global functioning were assessed. SRTT performance was significantly impaired in Sz and showed significant correlations with motor-related and working memory measures as well as global function. Source-space time-frequency decomposition of EEG showed beta-band coherence across supplementary-motor, primary-motor and visual cortex forming a network involved in SRTT performance. Motor-cathodal and visual-cathodal stimulations resulted in significant modulation in coherence particularly across the motor-visual nodes of the network accompanied by significant improvement in motor learning in both controls and patients. Here, we confirm earlier reports of SRTT impairment in Sz and demonstrate significant reversal of the deficits with tDCS. The findings support continued development of tDCS for enhancement of plasticity-based interventions in Sz, as well as source-space EEG analytic approaches for evaluating underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Sehatpour
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
| | - Johanna Kreither
- PIA Ciencias Cognitivas, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Facultad de Psicología, and Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Adithya M Shastry
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heloise M De Baun
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
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Eriksdotter M, Joutsimäki K, Johnsson P. Knowing me, knowing you: a scoping review assessing the current field of social cognition in schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 2023; 77:627-640. [PMID: 37366305 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2023.2226114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired social cognition (SC) occurs frequently in schizophrenia (SCZ), yet compared to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the research on SC in SCZ is sparse and methodologically heterogeneous. To accurately assess between-group SC differences it is further necessary to establish the relationship between nonsocial cognition (NSC) and SC, particularly as this may not be identical across disorders. PURPOSE The present study aimed to map, index and assess the quality of research published between 2014-2021 investigating SC in SCZ, and to summarize existing limitations and recommendations for future research. METHOD Following the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) fifteen (n = 15) case-control studies were identified and included across three electronic databases. Studies additionally utilizing ASD samples were included because of their clinical utility. RESULTS Most studies reported significant SC impairments in SCZ relative to healthy controls (HC) with varying effect sizes. Significant differences between SCZ and ASD were not found in most studies including both samples. Weak-to-moderate correlations between SC and NSC were often found, although often only within patient samples. Across studies, SC tests were inconsistently described as measurements of "social cognition", "mentalization" and, most frequently and varyingly, "theory of mind". Most studies lacked methodological transparency. Limitations related to sample sizes and test reliability were most frequently mentioned. CONCLUSIONS The current research on SC in SCZ is limited by conceptual and methodological uncertainties. Future research should focus on ensuring clear and valid definitions of key terms, evaluating and clarifying SC outcome measures and further untangling the relationship between SC and NSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Johnsson
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Arutiunian V, Arcara G, Buyanova I, Buivolova O, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Event-Related Desynchronization of MEG Alpha-Band Oscillations during Simultaneous Presentation of Audio and Visual Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1313. [PMID: 37759914 PMCID: PMC10526124 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-band (8-12 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD) or a decrease in alpha power in electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) reflects the involvement of a neural tissue in information processing. It is known that most children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in information processing, and, thus, investigation of alpha oscillations is of particular interest in this population. Previous studies have demonstrated alterations in this neural activity in individuals with ASD; however, little is known about alpha ERD during simultaneous presentation of auditory and visual stimuli in children with and without ASD. As alpha oscillations are intimately related to attention, and attention deficit is one of the common co-occurring conditions of ASD, we predict that children with ASD can have altered alpha ERD in one of the sensory domains. In the present study, we used MEG to investigate alpha ERD in groups of 20 children with ASD and 20 age-matched typically developing controls. Simple amplitude-modulated tones were presented together with a fixation cross appearing on the screen. The results showed that children with ASD had a bilateral reduction in alpha-band ERD in the auditory but not visual cortex. Moreover, alterations in the auditory cortex were associated with a higher presence of autistic traits measured in behavioral assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Giorgio Arcara
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 70 Via Alberoni, Lido, 30126 Venice, Italy;
| | - Irina Buyanova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Buivolova
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
| | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 2A Shelepikhinaskaya Naberezhnaya, 123290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Haskins Laboratories, 300 George St., New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 19 Architectora Vlasova Str., 117335 Moscow, Russia; (E.D.); (D.P.); (A.S.); (S.T.); (U.M.); (K.D.)
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, 74 Michurinskiy Prospekt, 119602 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, 3 Krivokolenny Pereulok, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (I.B.); (O.B.); (O.D.)
- Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1/1 Bolshoy Kislovsky Ln, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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Tarasi L, Martelli ME, Bortoletto M, di Pellegrino G, Romei V. Neural Signatures of Predictive Strategies Track Individuals Along the Autism-Schizophrenia Continuum. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1294-1304. [PMID: 37449308 PMCID: PMC10483460 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Humans develop a constellation of different representations of the external environment, even in the face of the same sensory exposure. According to the Bayesian framework, these differentiations could be grounded in a different weight assigned to prior knowledge vs. new external inputs in predictive inference. Since recent advances in computational psychiatry suggest that autism (ASD) and schizophrenia (SSD) lie on the two diametric poles of the same predictive continuum, the adoption of a specific inferential style could be routed by dispositional factors related to autistic and schizotypal traits. However, no studies have directly investigated the role of ASD-SSD dimension in shaping the neuro-behavioral markers underlying perceptual inference. STUDY DESIGN We used a probabilistic detection task while simultaneously recording EEG to investigate whether neurobehavioral signatures related to prior processing were diametrically shaped by ASD and SSD traits in the general population (n = 80). RESULTS We found that the position along the ASD-SSD continuum directed the predictive strategies adopted by the individuals in decision-making. While proximity to the positive schizotypy pole was associated with the adoption of the predictive approach associated to the hyper-weighting of prior knowledge, proximity to ASD pole was related to strategies that favored sensory evidence in decision-making. CONCLUSIONS These findings revealed that the weight assigned to prior knowledge is a marker of the ASD-SSD continuum, potentially useful for identifying individuals at-risk of developing mental disorders and for understanding the mechanisms contributing to the onset of symptoms observed in ASD and SSD clinical forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Tarasi
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena, via Rasi e Spinelli, 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Martelli
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena, via Rasi e Spinelli, 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Marta Bortoletto
- Laboratorio di Neurofisiologia, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, via pilastroni, 4, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe di Pellegrino
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena, via Rasi e Spinelli, 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Campus di Cesena, via Rasi e Spinelli, 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Facultad de Lenguas y Educación, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, 28015, Spain
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11
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Han GT, Trevisan DA, Foss-Feig J, Srihari V, McPartland JC. Distinct Symptom Network Structure and Shared Central Social Communication Symptomatology in Autism and Schizophrenia: A Bayesian Network Analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3636-3647. [PMID: 35752729 PMCID: PMC10202012 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05620-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism (ASD) and schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SCZ) are neurodevelopmental conditions with overlapping and interrelated symptoms. A network analysis approach that represents clinical conditions as a set of "nodes" (symptoms) connected by "edges" (relations among symptoms) was used to compare symptom organization in the two conditions. Gaussian graphical models were estimated using Bayesian methods to model separate symptom networks for adults with confirmed ASD or SCZ diagnoses. Though overall symptom organization differed by diagnostic group, both symptom networks demonstrated high centrality of social communication difficulties. Autism-relevant restricted and repetitive behaviors and schizophrenia-related cognitive-perceptual symptoms were uniquely central to the ASD and SCZ networks, respectively. Results offer recommendations to improve differential diagnosis and highlight potential treatment targets in ASD and SCZ.
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12
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Zhang Y, Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Li M, Liao Y, Kang Z, Feng X, Zhao G, Sun J, Yang Y, Yan H, Zhang D, Yue W. Predictive role of pulvinar in social functional outcome of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115419. [PMID: 37598626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying objective biological subtypes that predict long-term functional outcomes is crucial for understanding neurobiological mechanisms and identifying potential targets. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 178 patients and 70 controls, we explored social function patterns using latent profile analysis. Long-term outcomes were compared among the biological subtypes using K-means clustering. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to identify gene expression profiles associated with alterations in activity by leveraging transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In patients with more functional impairment, left medial pulvinar (PM) exhibited significantly lower regional homogeneity of brain activity (ReHo, [95% CI (0.06-0.27), P = 0.002), a finding validated in the independent cohort. Functional connectivity between PM and secondary visual cortex displayed a suggestive decrease. Patients belonging to "higher pulvinar ReHo - better information processing" demonstrated better long-term outcomes and acute treatment response [95% CI (11.2-34.4), P < 0.001]. The PLSR component of imaging-transcriptomic associations partly explained the ReHo differences among patients with varying levels of functional impairment. It revealed enrichment of genes in the synaptic signaling pathway. Pathological changes in the pulvinar may affect social functioning. Higher pulvinar ReHo and better information processing, two objective biomarkers, have a predictive value for better long-term functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyanan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guorui Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyuan Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder (2018RU006), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China.
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13
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Patel GH, Gruskin DC, Arkin SC, Jamerson EC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Lee JK, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. The Road Not Taken: Disconnection of a Human-Unique Cortical Pathway Underlying Naturalistic Social Perception in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:398-408. [PMID: 37519457 PMCID: PMC10382708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficient processing of complex and dynamic social scenes relies on intact connectivity of many underlying cortical areas and networks, but how connectivity anomalies affect the neural substrates of social perception remains unknown. Here we measured these relationships using functionally based localization of social perception areas, resting-state functional connectivity, and movie-watching data. Methods In 42 participants with schizophrenia (SzPs) and 41 healthy control subjects, we measured the functional connectivity of areas localized by face-emotion processing, theory-of-mind (ToM), and attention tasks. We quantified the weighted shortest path length between visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas in both populations to assess the impact of these changes in functional connectivity on network structure. We then correlated connectivity along the shortest path in each group with movie-evoked activity in a key node of the ToM network (posterior temporoparietal junction [TPJp]). Results SzPs had pronounced decreases in connectivity in TPJ/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS) areas involved in face-emotion processing (t81 = 4.4, p = .00002). In healthy control subjects, the shortest path connecting visual and medial prefrontal ToM areas passed through TPJ-pSTS, whereas in SzPs, the shortest path passed through the prefrontal cortex. While movie-evoked TPJp activity correlated with connectivity along the TPJ-pSTS pathway in both groups (r = 0.43, p = .002), it additionally correlated with connectivity along the prefrontal cortex pathway only in SzPs (rSzP = 0.56, p = .003). Conclusions These results suggest that connectivity along the human-unique TPJ-pSTS pathway affects both the network architecture and functioning of areas involved in processing complex dynamic social scenes. These results demonstrate how focal connectivity anomalies can have widespread impacts across the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H. Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - David C. Gruskin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sophie C. Arkin
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | - Juan P. Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Laura P. Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jessica K. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Antígona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Rebecca A. Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin N. Ochsner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - David A. Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
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14
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Javitt D, Sehatpour P, Kreither J, Lopez-Calderon J, Shastry A, De-Baun H, Martinez A. Network-level mechanisms underlying effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on visuomotor learning impairments in schizophrenia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2711867. [PMID: 37066410 PMCID: PMC10104242 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2711867/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Motor learning is a fundamental skill to our daily lives. Dysfunction in motor performance in schizophrenia (Sz) is associated with poor social and functional outcomes, but nevertheless remains understudied relative to other neurocognitive domains. Moreover, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can influence underlying brain function in Sz and may be especially useful in enhancing local cortical plasticity, but underlying neural mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we evaluated performance of Sz individuals on the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT), which has been extensively used in prior tDCS research, in combination with concurrent tDCS and EEG source localization first to evaluate the integrity of visuomotor learning in Sz relative to other cognitive domains and second to investigate underlying neural mechanisms. Twenty-seven individuals with Sz and 21 healthy controls (HC) performed the SRTT task as they received sham or active tDCS and simultaneous EEG recording. Measures of motor, neuropsychological and global functioning were also assessed. Impaired SRTT performance correlated significantly with deficits in motor performance, working memory, and global functioning. Time-frequency ("Beamformer") EEG source localization showed beta-band coherence across supplementary-motor, primary-motor and visual cortex regions, with reduced visuomotor coherence in Sz relative to HC. Cathodal tDCS targeting both visual and motor regions resulted in significant modulation in coherence particularly across the motor-visual nodes of the network accompanied by significant improvement in motor learning in both controls and patients. Overall, these findings demonstrate the utility of the SRTT to study mechanisms of visuomotor impairment in Sz and demonstrate significant tDCS effects on both learning and connectivity when applied over either visual or motor regions. The findings support continued study of dysfunctional dorsal-stream visual connectivity and motor plasticity as components of cognitive impairment in Sz, of local tDCS administration for enhancement of plasticity, and of source-space EEG-based biomarkers for evaluation of underlying neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Javitt
- Columbia University Medical Center/Nathan Kline Institute
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15
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Han C, Guo M, Ke X, Zeng L, Li M, Haihambo N, Lu J, Wang L, Wei P. Oscillatory biomarkers of autism: evidence from the innate visual fear evoking paradigm. Cogn Neurodyn 2023; 17:459-466. [PMID: 37007195 PMCID: PMC10050250 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-022-09839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple associated deficits in both social and cognitive functioning. Diagnosing ASD usually relies on subjective clinical competencies, and research on objective criteria for diagnosing ASD in the early stage is still in its infancy. A recent animal study showed that the looming-evoked defensive response was impaired in mice with ASD, but whether the effect will be observed in human and contribute to finding a robust clinical neural biomarker remain unclear. Here, to investigate the looming-evoked defense response in humans, electroencephalogram responses toward looming and corresponding control stimuli (far and missing type) were recorded in children with ASD and typical developed (TD) children. Results revealed that alpha-band activity in the posterior brain region was strongly suppressed after looming stimuli in the TD group, but remained unchanged in the ASD group. This method could be a novel, objective way to detect ASD earlier. These findings suggest that further investigation of the neural mechanism underlying innate fear from the oscillatory view could be a helpful direction in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11571-022-09839-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Mingrou Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xiaoyin Ke
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Meijia Li
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Naem Haihambo
- Faculty of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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16
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Hardiansyah I, Nyström P, Taylor MJ, Bölte S, Ronald A, Falck-Ytter T. Global motion processing in infants' visual cortex and the emergence of autism. Commun Biol 2023; 6:339. [PMID: 36977757 PMCID: PMC10050234 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is a heritable and common neurodevelopmental condition, with behavioural symptoms typically emerging around age 2 to 3 years. Differences in basic perceptual processes have been documented in autistic children and adults. Specifically, data from many experiments suggest links between autism and alterations in global visual motion processing (i.e., when individual motion information is integrated to perceive an overall coherent pattern). Yet, no study has investigated whether a distinctive organization of global motion processing precede the emergence of autistic symptoms in early childhood. Here, using a validated infant electroencephalography (EEG) experimental paradigm, we first establish the normative activation profiles for global form, global motion, local form, and local motion in the visual cortex based on data from two samples of 5-month-old infants (total n = 473). Further, in a sample of 5-month-olds at elevated likelihood of autism (n = 52), we show that a different topographical organization of global motion processing is associated with autistic symptoms in toddlerhood. These findings advance the understanding of neural organization of infants' basic visual processing, and its role in the development of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irzam Hardiansyah
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pär Nyström
- Uppsala Child and Baby Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Terje Falck-Ytter
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Development and Neurodiversity Lab, Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Javitt DC, Martinez A, Sehatpour P, Beloborodova A, Habeck C, Gazes Y, Bermudez D, Razlighi QR, Devanand DP, Stern Y. Disruption of early visual processing in amyloid-positive healthy individuals and mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:42. [PMID: 36855162 PMCID: PMC9972790 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid deposition is a primary predictor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. Retinal changes involving the structure and function of the ganglion cell layer are increasingly documented in both established and prodromal AD. Visual event-related potentials (vERP) are sensitive to dysfunction in the magno- and parvocellular visual systems, which originate within the retinal ganglion cell layer. The present study evaluates vERP as a function of amyloid deposition in aging, and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS vERP to stimulus-onset, motion-onset, and alpha-frequency steady-state (ssVEP) stimuli were obtained from 16 amyloid-positive and 41 amyloid-negative healthy elders and 15 MCI individuals and analyzed using time-frequency approaches. Social cognition was assessed in a subset of individuals using The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). RESULTS Neurocognitively intact but amyloid-positive participants and MCI individuals showed significant deficits in stimulus-onset (theta) and motion-onset (delta) vERP generation relative to amyloid-negative participants (all p < .01). Across healthy elders, a composite index of these measures correlated highly (r = - .52, p < .001) with amyloid standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) and TASIT performance. A composite index composed of vERP measures significant differentiated amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative groups with an overall classification accuracy of > 70%. DISCUSSION vERP may assist in the early detection of amyloid deposition among older individuals without observable neurocognitive impairments and in linking previously documented retinal deficits in both prodromal AD and MCI to behavioral impairments in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA.
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Anna Beloborodova
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 21, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Christian Habeck
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yunglin Gazes
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dalton Bermudez
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10962, USA
| | - Qolamreza R Razlighi
- Quantitative Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Brain Health Image Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - D P Devanand
- Area Brain Aging and Mental Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Area Brain Aging and Mental Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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18
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Javitt DC. Cognitive Impairment Associated with Schizophrenia: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:119-141. [PMID: 36151052 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-093250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and a major contributor to poor functional outcomes. Methods for assessment of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia are now well established. In addition, there has been increasing appreciation in recent years of the additional role of social cognitive impairment in driving functional outcomes and of the contributions of sensory-level dysfunction to higher-order impairments. At the neurochemical level, acute administration of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists reproduces the pattern of neurocognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia, encouraging the development of treatments targeted at both NMDAR and its interactome. At the local-circuit level, an auditory neurophysiological measure, mismatch negativity, has emerged both as a veridical index of NMDAR dysfunction and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in schizophrenia and as a critical biomarker for early-stage translational drug development. Although no compounds have yet been approved for treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia, several candidates are showing promise in early-phase testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; .,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
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19
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Perrottelli A, Giordano GM, Brando F, Giuliani L, Pezzella P, Mucci A, Galderisi S. Unveiling the Associations between EEG Indices and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092193. [PMID: 36140594 PMCID: PMC9498272 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunctions represent a core feature of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders due to their presence throughout different illness stages and their impact on functioning. Abnormalities in electrophysiology (EEG) measures are highly related to these impairments, but the use of EEG indices in clinical practice is still limited. A systematic review of articles using Pubmed, Scopus and PsychINFO was undertaken in November 2021 to provide an overview of the relationships between EEG indices and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Out of 2433 screened records, 135 studies were included in a qualitative review. Although the results were heterogeneous, some significant correlations were identified. In particular, abnormalities in alpha, theta and gamma activity, as well as in MMN and P300, were associated with impairments in cognitive domains such as attention, working memory, visual and verbal learning and executive functioning during at-risk mental states, early and chronic stages of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The review suggests that machine learning approaches together with a careful selection of validated EEG and cognitive indices and characterization of clinical phenotypes might contribute to increase the use of EEG-based measures in clinical settings.
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20
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Huang Y, Vangel M, Chen H, Eshel M, Cheng M, Lu T, Kong J. The Impaired Subcortical Pathway From Superior Colliculus to the Amygdala in Boys With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:666439. [PMID: 35784498 PMCID: PMC9247550 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.666439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests that a subcortical pathway from the superior colliculus (SC) through the pulvinar to the amygdala plays a crucial role in mediating non-conscious processing in response to emotional visual stimuli. Given the atypical eye gaze and response patterns to visual affective stimuli in autism, we examined the functional and white matter structural difference of the pathway in boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing (TD) boys.MethodsA total of 38 boys with ASD and 38 TD boys were included. We reconstructed the SC-pulvinar-amygdala pathway in boys with ASD and TD using tractography and analyzed tract-specific measurements to compare the white matter difference between the two groups. A region of interest-based functional analysis was also applied among the key nodes of the pathway to explore the functional connectivity network.ResultsDiffusion tensor imaging analysis showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in pathways for boys with ASD compared to TD. The FA change was significantly associated with the atypical communication pattern in boys with ASD. In addition, compared to TD, we found that the ASD group was associated with increased functional connectivity between the right pulvinar and the left SC.ConclusionOur results indicated that the functional and white matter microstructure of the subcortical route to the amygdala might be altered in individuals with autism. This atypical structural change of the SC-pulvinar-amygdala pathway may be related to the abnormal communication patterns in boys with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Mark Vangel
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Maya Eshel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Lu,
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Jian Kong,
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21
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The glutamate/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) model of schizophrenia at 35: On the path from syndrome to disease. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:56-61. [PMID: 35125283 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jutla A, Foss-Feig J, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review. Autism Res 2022; 15:384-412. [PMID: 34967130 PMCID: PMC8931527 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate disorders, with distinct clinical profiles and natural histories. ASD, typically diagnosed in childhood, is characterized by restricted or repetitive interests or behaviors and impaired social communication, and it tends to have a stable course. SCZ, typically diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood, is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, and tends to be associated with declining function. However, youth with ASD are three to six times more likely to develop SCZ than their neurotypical counterparts, and increasingly, research has shown that ASD and SCZ converge at several levels. We conducted a systematic review of studies since 2013 relevant to understanding this convergence, and present here a narrative synthesis of key findings, which we have organized into four broad categories: symptoms and behavior, perception and cognition, biomarkers, and genetic and environmental risk. We then discuss opportunities for future research into the phenomenology and neurobiology of overlap between ASD and SCZ. Understanding this overlap will allow for researchers, and eventually clinicians, to understand the factors that may make a child with ASD vulnerable to developing SCZ. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are distinct diagnoses, but people with autism and people with schizophrena share several characteristics. We review recent studies that have examined these areas of overlap, and discuss the kinds of studies we will need to better understand how these disorders are related. Understanding this will be important to help us identify which autistic children are at risk of developing schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Jutla
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside
Drive, Mail Unit 78, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jennifer Foss-Feig
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Gustave L. Levy
Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside
Drive, Mail Unit 78, New York, NY 10032, United States,Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, New
York-Presbyterian Westchester Behavioral Health Center, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White
Plains, NY 10605, United States
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Martínez A, Tobe RH, Gaspar PA, Malinsky D, Dias EC, Sehatpour P, Lakatos P, Patel GH, Bermudez DH, Silipo G, Javitt DC. Disease-Specific Contribution of Pulvinar Dysfunction to Impaired Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:787383. [PMID: 35237135 PMCID: PMC8883821 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.787383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One important aspect for managing social interactions is the ability to perceive and respond to facial expressions rapidly and accurately. This ability is highly dependent upon intact processing within both cortical and subcortical components of the early visual pathways. Social cognitive deficits, including face emotion recognition (FER) deficits, are characteristic of several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz (n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD (n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical (n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compared to neurotypical controls, both Sz (d = 1.97) and ASD (d = 1.13) participants had significantly lower FER scores which interrelated with diminished activation of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). In Sz, STS deficits were predicted by reduced activation of early visual regions (d = 0.85, p = 0.002) and of the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus (d = 0.44, p = 0.042), along with impaired cortico-pulvinar interaction. By contrast, ASD participants showed patterns of increased early visual cortical (d = 1.03, p = 0.001) and pulvinar (d = 0.71, p = 0.015) activation. Large effect-size structural and histological abnormalities of pulvinar have previously been documented in Sz. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated impaired pulvinar activation to simple visual stimuli in Sz. Here, we provide the first demonstration of a disease-specific contribution of impaired pulvinar activation to social cognitive impairment in Sz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antígona Martínez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Antígona Martínez,
| | - Russell H. Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Pablo A. Gaspar
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Neurosciences Institute, IMHAY, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Malinsky
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elisa C. Dias
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Pejman Sehatpour
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav H. Patel
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dalton H. Bermudez
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Gail Silipo
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Yang L, Xiao A, Li QY, Zhong HF, Su T, Shi WQ, Ying P, Liang RB, Xu SH, Shao Y, Zhou Q. Hyperintensities of middle frontal gyrus in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy: a dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1336-1350. [PMID: 35120020 PMCID: PMC8876911 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic optic neuropathy (DON) is a diverse complication of diabetes and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to explore dynamic cerebral activity changes in DON patients using dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF). In total, 22 DON patients and 22 healthy controls were enrolled. The dALFF approach was used in all participants to investigate dynamic intrinsic brain activity differences between the two groups. Compared with HCs, DON patients exhibited significantly increased dALFF variability in the right middle frontal gyrus (P < 0.01). Conversely, DON patients exhibited obviously decreased dALFF variability in the right precuneus (P < 0.01). We also found that there were significant negative correlations between HADS scores and dALFF values of the right middle frontal gyrus in the DON patients (r = -0.6404, P <0.01 for anxiety and r = -0.6346, P <0.01 for depression; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Abnormal variability of dALFF was observed in specific areas of the cerebrum in DON patients, which may contribute to distinguishing patients with DON from HCs and a better understanding of DON, hyperintensities of right middle frontal gyrus may be potential diagnostic marker for DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ang Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui-Feng Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wen-Qing Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Ying
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rong-Bin Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - San-Hua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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25
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Early Developmental Signs in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010090. [PMID: 35053715 PMCID: PMC8774672 DOI: 10.3390/children9010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability in early childhood. Early identification and intervention in children with ASD are essential for children and their families. This study aimed to identify the earliest signs of ASD. Using a large cohort including data from 104,062 fetal records in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, we examined the Ages and Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ-3TM) scores of children with and without ASD. The ASQ-3 comprises five domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social. The ASQ-3 scores were obtained at ages 6 months, 1 year, and 3 years. There were 64,501 children with available ASQ-3 data. The number of children diagnosed with ASD was 188 (0.29%) at 3 years of age. The highest relative risk (RR) for any domain below the monitoring score at 6 months was in the communication (RR 1.90, 95% CI 1.29–2.78, p = 0.0041), followed by fine motor (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.28–1.76, p < 0.0001) domain. A low ASQ-3 score in the communication domain at 6 months was related to an ASD diagnosis at 3 years of age. The ASQ-3 score at 6 months can contribute to the early identification of and intervention for ASD.
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26
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Antonova I, van Swam C, Hubl D, Griskova-Bulanova I, Dierks T, Koenig T. Altered Visuospatial Processing in Schizophrenia: An Event-related Potential Microstate Analysis Comparing Patients with and without Hallucinations with Healthy Controls. Neuroscience 2021; 479:140-156. [PMID: 34687795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia present with various symptoms related to different domains. Abnormalities of auditory and visual perception are parts of a more general problem. Nevertheless, the relationship between the lifetime history of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH), one of the most prevalent symptoms in schizophrenia, and visuospatial deficits remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate differences in hemispheric involvement and visuospatial processing between healthy controls (HCs) and schizophrenia patients with and without AVHs. HCs (N = 20), schizophrenia patients with AVH (AVH group, N = 16), and schizophrenia patients without hallucinations (NH group, N = 10) participated in a 4-choice reaction task with lateralized stimuli. An event-related potential (ERP)-microstate approach was used to analyze ERP differences between the conditions and groups. The schizophrenia patients without hallucinations had slower responses than the HCs. An early visual N1 contralateral to stimulation side was prominent in all groups of participants but with decreased amplitude in the patients with schizophrenia, especially in the AVH group over the right hemisphere. The amplitude of P3b, a cognitive evaluation component, was also decreased in schizophrenia. Compared to AVH and HC groups, the patients in the NH group had altered microstate patterns: P3b was replaced by a novelty component, P3a. Although the difference between both patient groups was only based on the presence of AVHs, our findings indicated that patients had specific visuospatial deficits associated with a lifetime history of hallucinations: patients with AVHs showed early visual component alterations in the right hemisphere, and those without AVHs had more prominent visuospatial impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Antonova
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Vilnius University, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius, Lithuania; Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Claudia van Swam
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Hubl
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Dierks
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Narita Z, Yang K, Kuga H, Piancharoen P, Etyemez S, Faria A, Mihaljevic M, Longo L, Namkung H, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Nucifora FC, Sedlak TW, Schaub R, Crawford J, Schretlen DJ, Miyata J, Ishizuka K, Sawa A. Face processing of social cognition in patients with first episode psychosis: Its deficits and association with the right subcallosal anterior cingulate cortex. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:99-107. [PMID: 34649085 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The clinical importance of social cognition is well acknowledged in patients with psychosis, in particular those with first episode psychosis (FEP). Nevertheless, its brain substrates and circuitries remain elusive, lacking precise analysis between multimodal brain characteristics and behavioral sub-dimensions within social cognition. In the present study, we examined face processing of social cognition in 71 FEP patients and 77 healthy controls (HCs). We looked for a possible correlation between face processing and multimodal MRI characteristics such as resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and brain volume. We observed worse recognition accuracy, longer recognition response time, and longer memory response time in FEP patients when compared with HCs. Of these, memory response time was selectively correlated with specific rsFCs, which included the right subcallosal sub-region of BA24 in the ACC (scACC), only in FEP patients. The volume of this region was also correlated with memory response time in FEP patients. The scACC is functionally and structurally important in FEP-associated abnormalities of face processing measures in social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Hironori Kuga
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Peeraya Piancharoen
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Semra Etyemez
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Andreia Faria
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Luisa Longo
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ho Namkung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Frederik C Nucifora
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Schaub
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeff Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - David J Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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28
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Xu J, Zhou L, Liu F, Xue C, Jiang J, Jiang C. The autistic brain can process local but not global emotion regularities in facial and musical sequences. Autism Res 2021; 15:222-240. [PMID: 34792299 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with a global processing deficit remains controversial. Global integration requires extraction of regularity across various timescales, yet little is known about how individuals with ASD process regularity at local (short timescale) versus global (long timescale) levels. To this end, we used event-related potentials to investigate whether individuals with ASD would show different neural responses to local (within trial) versus global (across trials) emotion regularities extracted from sequential facial expressions; and if so, whether this visual abnormality would generalize to the music (auditory) domain. Twenty individuals with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched individuals with typical development participated in this study. At an early processing stage, ASD participants exhibited preserved neural responses to violations of local emotion regularity for both faces and music. At a later stage, however, there was an absence of neural responses in ASD to violations of global emotion regularity for both faces and music. These findings suggest that the autistic brain responses to emotion regularity are modulated by the timescale of sequential stimuli, and provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying emotional processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linshu Zhou
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunmei Jiang
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Spiteri S, Crewther D. Neural Mechanisms of Visual Motion Anomalies in Autism: A Two-Decade Update and Novel Aetiology. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:756841. [PMID: 34790092 PMCID: PMC8591069 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.756841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 21st century has seen dramatic changes in our understanding of the visual physio-perceptual anomalies of autism and also in the structure and development of the primate visual system. This review covers the past 20 years of research into motion perceptual/dorsal stream anomalies in autism, as well as new understanding of the development of primate vision. The convergence of this literature allows a novel developmental hypothesis to explain the physiological and perceptual differences of the broad autistic spectrum. Central to these observations is the development of motion areas MT+, the seat of the dorsal cortical stream, central area of pre-attentional processing as well as being an anchor of binocular vision for 3D action. Such development normally occurs via a transfer of thalamic drive from the inferior pulvinar → MT to the anatomically stronger but later-developing LGN → V1 → MT connection. We propose that autistic variation arises from a slowing in the normal developmental attenuation of the pulvinar → MT pathway. We suggest that this is caused by a hyperactive amygdala → thalamic reticular nucleus circuit increasing activity in the PIm → MT via response gain modulation of the pulvinar and hence altering synaptic competition in area MT. We explore the probable timing of transfer in dominance of human MT from pulvinar to LGN/V1 driving circuitry and discuss the implications of the main hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Spiteri
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Columbia University Medical Center, N.Y
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31
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Webster PJ, Wang S, Li X. Review: Posed vs. Genuine Facial Emotion Recognition and Expression in Autism and Implications for Intervention. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653112. [PMID: 34305720 PMCID: PMC8300960 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Different styles of social interaction are one of the core characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Social differences among individuals with ASD often include difficulty in discerning the emotions of neurotypical people based on their facial expressions. This review first covers the rich body of literature studying differences in facial emotion recognition (FER) in those with ASD, including behavioral studies and neurological findings. In particular, we highlight subtle emotion recognition and various factors related to inconsistent findings in behavioral studies of FER in ASD. Then, we discuss the dual problem of FER – namely facial emotion expression (FEE) or the production of facial expressions of emotion. Despite being less studied, social interaction involves both the ability to recognize emotions and to produce appropriate facial expressions. How others perceive facial expressions of emotion in those with ASD has remained an under-researched area. Finally, we propose a method for teaching FER [FER teaching hierarchy (FERTH)] based on recent research investigating FER in ASD, considering the use of posed vs. genuine emotions and static vs. dynamic stimuli. We also propose two possible teaching approaches: (1) a standard method of teaching progressively from simple drawings and cartoon characters to more complex audio-visual video clips of genuine human expressions of emotion with context clues or (2) teaching in a field of images that includes posed and genuine emotions to improve generalizability before progressing to more complex audio-visual stimuli. Lastly, we advocate for autism interventionists to use FER stimuli developed primarily for research purposes to facilitate the incorporation of well-controlled stimuli to teach FER and bridge the gap between intervention and research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Webster
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Xin Li
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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32
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Patel GH, Arkin SC, Ruiz-Betancourt DR, Plaza FI, Mirza SA, Vieira DJ, Strauss NE, Klim CC, Sanchez-Peña JP, Bartel LP, Grinband J, Martinez A, Berman RA, Ochsner KN, Leopold DA, Javitt DC. Failure to engage the temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus predicts impaired naturalistic social cognition in schizophrenia. Brain 2021; 144:1898-1910. [PMID: 33710282 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. Twenty-seven schizophrenia participants and 21 healthy control subjects watched a clip of the film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly while high resolution multiband functional MRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS blood oxygen level-dependent activity (i) relationship with the motion content in the film; (ii) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie; and (iii) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie. Activation deficits were greatest in middle TPJ (TPJm) and correlated significantly with impaired TASIT performance across groups. Follow-up analyses of the TPJ-pSTS revealed decreased synchronization with other cortical areas, decreased correlation with the motion content of the movie, and decreased correlation with the saccades made during the movie. The functional impairment of the TPJm, a hub area in the middle of the TPJ-pSTS, predicts deficits in social inference in schizophrenia participants by disrupting the integration of visual motion processing into the TPJ. This disrupted integration then affects the use of the TPJ to guide saccades during the visual scanning of the movie clip. These findings suggest that the TPJ may be a treatment target for improving deficits in a key component of social cognition in schizophrenia participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav H Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophie C Arkin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Fabiola I Plaza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Safia A Mirza
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Daniel J Vieira
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Casimir C Klim
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan P Sanchez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laura P Bartel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jack Grinband
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Rebecca A Berman
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David A Leopold
- Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Division of Experimental Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
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Oliver LD, Moxon-Emre I, Lai MC, Grennan L, Voineskos AN, Ameis SH. Social Cognitive Performance in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders Compared With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:281-292. [PMID: 33291141 PMCID: PMC7724568 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) both feature social cognitive deficits; however, these disorders historically have been examined separately using a range of tests and subdomain focus and at different time points in the life span. Moving beyond diagnostic categories and characterizing social cognitive deficits can enhance understanding of shared pathways across these disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate how deficits in social cognitive domains diverge or overlap between SSDs and ASD based on the extant literature. DATA SOURCES Literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception until July 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Original research articles were selected that reported performance-based measures of social cognition in both SSDs and ASD samples. Selected articles also had to be published in English and use International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, DSM-IV, or more recent diagnostic criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines, including data extraction and quality assessment using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Effect sizes were calculated as Hedges g (SSDs vs ASD). The primary outcomes were performance on emotion processing tasks, theory of mind (ToM) tasks, and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) in SSDs compared with ASD. Meta-regressions were performed for age difference, publication year, quality assessment scores, and antipsychotic medication use. RESULTS Of the 4175 screened articles, 36 studies directly comparing social cognitive performance in individuals with SSDs vs ASD were included in the qualitative analysis (n = 1212 for SSDs groups and n = 1109 for ASD groups), and 33 studies were included in the quantitative analyses (n = 1113 for SSDs groups and n = 1015 for ASD groups). Most study participants were male (number of studies [k] = 36, 72% [878 of 1212] in SSDs groups and 82% [907 of 1109] in ASD groups), and age (k = 35) was older in SSDs groups (mean [SD], 28.4 [9.5] years) than in ASD groups (mean [SD], 23.3 [7.6] years). Included studies highlighted the prevalence of small, male-predominant samples and a paucity of cross-disorder clinical measures. The meta-analyses revealed no statistically significant differences between SSDs and ASD on emotion processing measures (k = 15; g = 0.12 [95% CI, -0.07 to 0.30]; P = .21; I2 = 51.0%; 1 outlier excluded), ToM measures (k = 17; g = -0.01 [95% CI, -0.21 to 0.19]; P = .92; I2 = 56.5%; 1 outlier excluded), or the RMET (k = 13; g = 0.25 [95% CI, -0.04 to 0.53]; P = .10; I2 = 75.3%). However, SSDs vs ASD performance differences between studies were statistically significantly heterogeneous, which was only minimally explained by potential moderators. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this analysis, similar levels of social cognitive impairment were present, on average, in individuals with SSDs and ASD. Cross-disorder studies of social cognition, including larger samples, consensus batteries, and consistent reporting of measures, as well as data across multiple levels of analysis, are needed to help identify subgroups within and across disorders that may be more homogeneous in etiology and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iska Moxon-Emre
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Laura Grennan
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N. Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie H. Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Sehatpour P, Avissar M, Kantrowitz JT, Corcoran CM, De Baun HM, Patel GH, Girgis RR, Brucato G, Lopez-Calderon J, Silipo G, Dias E, Martinez A, Javitt DC. Deficits in Pre-attentive Processing of Spatial Location and Negative Symptoms in Subjects at Clinical High Risk for Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:629144. [PMID: 33603682 PMCID: PMC7884473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.629144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits in mismatch negativity (MMN) generation are among the best-established biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia and predict conversion to schizophrenia (Sz) among individuals at symptomatic clinical high risk (CHR). Impairments in MMN index dysfunction at both subcortical and cortical components of the early auditory system. To date, the large majority of studies have been conducted using deviants that differ from preceding standards in either tonal frequency (pitch) or duration. By contrast, MMN to sound location deviation has been studied to only a limited degree in Sz and has not previously been examined in CHR populations. Here, we evaluated location MMN across Sz and CHR using an optimized, multi-deviant pattern that included a location-deviant, as defined using interaural time delay (ITD) stimuli along with pitch, duration, frequency modulation (FM) and intensity deviants in a sample of 42 Sz, 33 CHR and 28 healthy control (HC) subjects. In addition, we obtained resting state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) on CHR subjects. Sz showed impaired MMN performance across all deviant types, along with strong correlation between MMN deficits and impaired neurocognitive function. In this sample of largely non-converting CHR subjects, no deficits were observed in either pitch or duration MMN. By contrast, CHR subjects showed significant impairments in location MMN generation particularly over right hemisphere and significant correlation between impaired location MMN and negative symptoms including deterioration of role function. In addition, significant correlations were observed between location MMN and rsfMRI involving brainstem circuits. In general, location detection using ITD stimuli depends upon precise processing within midbrain regions and provides a rapid and robust reorientation of attention. Present findings reinforce the utility of MMN as a pre-attentive index of auditory cognitive dysfunction in Sz and suggest that location MMN may index brain circuits distinct from those indexed by other deviant types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Sehatpour
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Michael Avissar
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joshua T. Kantrowitz
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | | | - Heloise M. De Baun
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaurav H. Patel
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ragy R. Girgis
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gary Brucato
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javier Lopez-Calderon
- Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gail Silipo
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Elisa Dias
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Antigona Martinez
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C. Javitt
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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35
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Arafune-Mishima A, Abe H, Tani T, Mashiko H, Watanabe S, Sakai K, Suzuki W, Mizukami H, Watakabe A, Yamamori T, Ichinohe N. Axonal Projections from Middle Temporal Area to the Pulvinar in the Common Marmoset. Neuroscience 2020; 446:145-156. [PMID: 32866602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The pulvinar, the largest thalamic nucleus in the primate brain, has connections with a variety of cortical areas and is involved in many aspects of higher brain functions. Among cortico-pulvino-cortical systems, the connection between the middle temporal area (MT) and the pulvinar has been thought to contribute significantly to complex motion recognition. Recently, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), has become a valuable model for a variety of neuroscience studies, including visual neuroscience and translational research of neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, information on projections from MT to the pulvinar in the marmoset brain is scant. We addressed this deficiency by injecting sensitive anterograde viral tracers into MT to examine the distribution of labeled terminations in the pulvinar. The injection sites were placed retinotopically according to visual field coordinates mapped by optical intrinsic imaging. All injections produced anterograde terminal labeling, which was densest in the medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIm), sparser in the central nucleus of the inferior pulvinar, and weakest in the lateral pulvinar. Within each subnucleus, terminations formed separate retinotopic fields. Most labeled terminals were small but these comingled with a few large terminals, distributed mainly in the dorsomedial part of the PIm. Our results further delineate the organization of projections from MT to the pulvinar in the marmoset as forming parallel complex networks, which may differentially contribute to motion processing. It is interesting that the densest projections from MT target the PIm, the subnucleus recently reported to preferentially receive direct retinal projections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Arafune-Mishima
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of NCNP Brain Physiology and Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tani
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Mashiko
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Suzuki
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiya Watakabe
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Ichinohe Group, Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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36
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Javitt DC, Siegel SJ, Spencer KM, Mathalon DH, Hong LE, Martinez A, Ehlers CL, Abbas AI, Teichert T, Lakatos P, Womelsdorf T. A roadmap for development of neuro-oscillations as translational biomarkers for treatment development in neuropsychopharmacology. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1411-1422. [PMID: 32375159 PMCID: PMC7360555 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
New treatment development for psychiatric disorders depends critically upon the development of physiological measures that can accurately translate between preclinical animal models and clinical human studies. Such measures can be used both as stratification biomarkers to define pathophysiologically homogeneous patient populations and as target engagement biomarkers to verify similarity of effects across preclinical and clinical intervention. Traditional "time-domain" event-related potentials (ERP) have been used translationally to date but are limited by the significant differences in timing and distribution across rodent, monkey and human studies. By contrast, neuro-oscillatory responses, analyzed within the "time-frequency" domain, are relatively preserved across species permitting more precise translational comparisons. Moreover, neuro-oscillatory responses are increasingly being mapped to local circuit mechanisms and may be useful for investigating effects of both pharmacological and neuromodulatory interventions on excitatory/inhibitory balance. The present paper provides a roadmap for development of neuro-oscillatory responses as translational biomarkers in neuropsychiatric treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA.
| | - Steven J Siegel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kevin M Spencer
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- VA San Francisco Healthcare System, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antigona Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA
| | - Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Atheir I Abbas
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tobias Teichert
- Departments of Psychiatry and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Schizophrenia Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, 10954, USA
| | - Thilo Womelsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
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37
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Molinaro A, Micheletti S, Rossi A, Gitti F, Galli J, Merabet LB, Fazzi EM. Autistic-Like Features in Visually Impaired Children: A Review of Literature and Directions for Future Research. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E507. [PMID: 32752249 PMCID: PMC7465914 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There remains great interest in understanding the relationship between visual impairment (VI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to the extraordinarily high prevalence of ASD in blind and visually impaired children. The broad variability across individuals and assessment methodologies have made it difficult to understand whether autistic-like symptoms shown by some children with VI might reflect the influence of the visual deficit, or represent a primary neurodevelopmental condition that occurs independently of the VI itself. In the absence of a valid methodology adapted for the visually impaired population, diagnosis of ASD in children with VI is often based on non-objective clinical impression, with inconclusive prevalence data. In this review, we discuss the current state of knowledge and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Molinaro
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Micheletti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Gitti
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Lotfi B Merabet
- Laboratory for Visual Neuroplasticity, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elisa Maria Fazzi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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38
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The influence of subcortical shortcuts on disordered sensory and cognitive processing. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:264-276. [PMID: 32269315 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The very earliest stages of sensory processing have the potential to alter how we perceive and respond to our environment. These initial processing circuits can incorporate subcortical regions, such as the thalamus and brainstem nuclei, which mediate complex interactions with the brain's cortical processing hierarchy. These subcortical pathways, many of which we share with other animals, are not merely vestigial but appear to function as 'shortcuts' that ensure processing efficiency and preservation of vital life-preserving functions, such as harm avoidance, adaptive social interactions and efficient decision-making. Here, we propose that functional interactions between these higher-order and lower-order brain areas contribute to atypical sensory and cognitive processing that characterizes numerous neuropsychiatric disorders.
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39
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Chen TC, Hsieh MH, Lin YT, Chan PYS, Cheng CH. Mismatch negativity to different deviant changes in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:766-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada
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41
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Trevisan DA, Foss-Feig JH, Naples AJ, Srihari V, Anticevic A, McPartland JC. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia Are Better Differentiated by Positive Symptoms Than Negative Symptoms. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:548. [PMID: 32595540 PMCID: PMC7301837 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are heterogenous neurodevelopmental disorders that overlap in symptom presentation. The purpose of this study was to specify overlapping symptom domains and to identify symptoms that can reliably differentiate adults with ASD (n = 53), SZ (n = 39), and typical development (TD; n = 40). All participants regardless of diagnosis were administered gold-standard diagnostic assessments of ASD and SZ characteristics including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Sensitivity and specificity of the ADOS were assessed using diagnostic cut-off scores. The degree of symptom overlap on these measures between participant groups was analyzed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves, and Analyses of Covariance (ANCOVAs) to control for group differences in IQ and sex distributions. The ADOS reliably discriminated ASD and TD adults, but there was a high rate of "false positives" in SZ patients who did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. To identify the reasons for low specificity in the SZ sample, we categorized ASD and SZ symptoms into 'positive' (presence of atypical behaviors) and 'negative' (absence of typical behaviors) symptoms. ASD and SZ groups overlapped on negative symptoms largely related to the absence of typical social and communicative behaviors, whereas disorder-specific positive symptoms differentiated ASD and SZ. For example, those with ASD scored higher on restricted and repetitive behaviors and stereotyped language, whereas those with SZ scored higher on psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. These results suggest that, when making a differential diagnosis between ASD and SZ, clinicians may benefit from focusing on the presence or absence of positive ASD and SZ symptoms. Standardized measures to classify ASD symptoms into positive and negative symptoms have not yet been developed but represent a potentially viable clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic A Trevisan
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jennifer H Foss-Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.,Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Adam J Naples
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Vinod Srihari
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - James C McPartland
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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42
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Maat A, Therman S, Swaab H, Ziermans T. The Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome and Facial Affect Processing in Adolescents With and Without Autism. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:759. [PMID: 32848934 PMCID: PMC7416636 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism and schizophrenia spectrum disorders both represent severely disabling neurodevelopmental disorders with marked impairments in social functioning. Despite an increased incidence of psychosis in autism, and substantial overlap in symptoms and cognitive markers, it is unclear whether such phenotypes are specifically related to risk for psychosis or perhaps reflect more general, idiosyncratic autism traits. The attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) is primarily defined by the presence of attenuated psychotic symptoms, which currently constitute the best and most-replicated clinical predictors of psychosis, and are common in clinical youth with and without autism. The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that facial affect processing is impaired in adolescents with APS and to explore whether such deficits are more indicative of psychotic or autistic phenotypes on a categorical and dimensional level. MATERIALS AND METHOD Fifty-three adolescents with APS and 81 typically developing controls (aged 12-18) were included. The APS group consisted of adolescents with (n = 21) and without (n = 32) a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Facial affect recognition was assessed with the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks using a cascade model of cognitive processing, in which disturbances in "lower-level" cognitive abilities (pattern recognition), affect "higher-level" cognitive processes (face recognition and facial affect recognition). For associations with schizotypal and autistic-like traits the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and Social Communication Questionnaire were used in a confirmatory item factor analysis framework. RESULTS Contrary to expectation, APS in adolescents was not associated with impairments in pattern, face, or facial affect recognition. However, the APS group with autism spectrum disorder showed a general latency in response time to social and non-social stimuli. Dimensionally assessed schizotypal and autistic-like traits did not predict the accuracy or the speed of face or facial affect recognition. CONCLUSION Facial affect processing performance was not associated with APS in adolescence and represents an unlikely early vulnerability marker for psychosis. APS individuals with a more autistic-like profile were characterized by slower responses to social- and non-social stimuli, suggesting that the combined effect of APS and autism spectrum disorder on cognition is larger than for APS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arija Maat
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Therman
- Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Swaab
- Clinical Child & Adolescent Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tim Ziermans
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Foss-Feig JH. Looking Under the Hood of Convergent Behavioral Deficits in Schizophrenia and Autism. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:e21-e23. [PMID: 31521210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Foss-Feig
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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