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Assari S, Sheikhattari P, Zare H. Adversities Mediate Social Determinants of Youth Tobacco Use Initiation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 4:15-26. [PMID: 39301089 PMCID: PMC11411912 DOI: 10.31586/jbls.2024.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly influence health behaviors, including tobacco use among youth. Adversities such as perceived discrimination, perceived neighborhood stress, life trauma, and financial strain are stressors that may mediate the relationship between various SDOH and youth tobacco use. This study aims to investigate whether multidimensional adversities mediate the effects of SDOH on tobacco use among youth. Methods Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were used to test our hypotheses. The sample included a diverse cohort of youth aged 9-10 years old followed until they were 15-16 years old. We examined the effects of baseline parental education, household income, neighborhood income, and family structure on subsequent youth tobacco use. Structural equation models were used to test if adversities (perceived discrimination, life trauma, financial strain) operate as potential mediators. Results All ABCD participants were eligible for our analysis, regardless of race, ethnicity, or SDOHs (n = 11,878). The findings indicated that the effects of parental education, household income, neighborhood income, and family structure on youth tobacco use were partially mediated by adversities. Higher levels of parental education and household income were associated with lower tobacco use, and this relationship was weakened when accounting for adversities. Similarly, stable family structures and higher neighborhood income were linked to reduced tobacco use, with adversities playing a mediating role. Conclusions Multidimensional adversities partially mediate the relationship between SDOH at baseline and subsequent youth tobacco use. Interventions aimed at reducing youth tobacco use should address both the social determinants and multiple adversities experienced by adolescents. Policies to improve the educational and economic situations of families, enhance neighborhood environments, and support stable family structures all reduce youth tobacco use, with lower exposure to adversities explaining this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Urban Public Health, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Marginalization-Related Diminished Returns (MDRs) Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Payam Sheikhattari
- Center for Urban Health Disparities Research and Innovation, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Prevention Sciences Research Center, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Behavioral Health Science, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hossein Zare
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC), College Park, MD, United States
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van Dijk W, Oosterman M, de Vente W, Jansen I, Blankers M, Huizink AC. Smoking cessation in pregnant women: A randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention including heart rate variability-biofeedback training. Addict Behav 2024; 154:108005. [PMID: 38513327 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal smoking and stress are associated with adverse health effects for women themselves and are risk factors for adverse outcomes of the child. Effective interventions are needed to support women with smoking cessation and reducing stress. The aims were (1) to test the effectiveness of an 8-week eHealth intervention targeting stress reduction and smoking cessation; (2) to examine whether stress reduction mediated the intervention effect on smoking behavior; (3) to test motivation to quit as a moderator; and (4) to investigate a dose-response effect of program usage. METHODS Pregnant women were included if they were >18 years of age, < 28 weeks pregnant at recruitment, and currently smoking. In total, 156 consenting participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or active control condition. Study outcomes on smoking (yes/no, frequency, and quantity) were collected via online questionnaires at pre-intervention (baseline; t0), post-intervention (8 weeks after t0; t1), and follow up at two weeks (t2) and three months (t3) after birth. RESULTS Smoking and stress reduced over the 8-week period in both conditions. The intervention effect on smoking was not mediated by stress reduction. Motivation to quit was found to moderate the intervention effect (smoking frequency and quantity) and a dose-response effect was found for program usage in the intervention for the reduction on smoking frequency and quantity. CONCLUSION Program usage and motivation to quit are important for smoking reduction in pregnant women. Further research is needed to examine how the intervention could be improved to increase treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke van Dijk
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wieke de Vente
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Roeterseilandcampus, Building D, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Imke Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam (IBBA), Van der Boechorststraat 1, Transitorium Room 1B-78, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Matthijs Blankers
- Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS Utrecht, the Netherlands; Arkin Mental Health Care, Klaprozenweg 111, 1033 NN Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anja C Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Hayase T. Interrelated involvement of the endocannabinoid/endovanilloid (TRPV1) systems and epigenetic processes in anxiety- and working memory impairment-related behavioural effects of nicotine as a stressor. Addict Biol 2024; 29:10.1111/adb.13421. [PMID: 38963015 PMCID: PMC11222983 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The addictive use of nicotine contained in tobacco is associated with stressor-like emotional and cognitive effects such as anxiety and working memory impairment, and the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation has recently been reported. Although the precise nature of behavioural plasticity remains unclear, both anxiogenic- and working memory impairment-like effects were observed in the present experimental model of mice treated with repeated subcutaneous nicotine and/or immobilization stress, and these effects were commonly attenuated by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that induce histone acetylation. Such HDAC inhibitor-induced resilience was mimicked by ligands for the endocannabinoid (ECB) system, a neurotransmitter system that is closely associated with nicotine-induced addiction-related behaviours: the anxiogenic-like effects were mitigated by the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) agonist arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA), whereas the working memory impairment-like effects were mitigated by the CB1 antagonist SR 141716A. Moreover, the effects of the HDAC inhibitors were also mimicked by ligands for the endovanilloid (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 [TRPV1]) system, a system that shares common characteristics with the ECB system: the anxiogenic-like effects were mitigated by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, whereas the working memory impairment-like effects were mitigated by the TRPV1 agonist olvanil. Notably, the HDAC inhibitor-induced anxiolytic-like effects were attenuated by SR 141716A, which were further counteracted by capsazepine, whereas the working memory improvement-like effects were attenuated by capsazepine, which were further counteracted by SR 141716A. These results suggest the contribution of interrelated control of the ECB/TRPV1 systems and epigenetic processes such as histone acetylation to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Hayase
- Department of Legal MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Hensel ALJ, Nicholson K, Anderson KK, Gomaa NA. Biopsychosocial factors in oral and systemic diseases: a scoping review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2024; 5:1378467. [PMID: 38872985 PMCID: PMC11169703 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1378467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between chronic oral diseases and other major systemic health conditions, commonly referred to as the oral-systemic health connection, has been previously studied with several underlying common risk factors and pathways linking both groups of diseases. Psychosocial factors contribute to an increased susceptibility to chronic oral and non-oral diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the role of psychosocial stress in chronic oral and systemic diseases. Methods A search strategy was built and a literature search was conducted using four databases (CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO). A combination of search terms related to psychosocial stress, systemic disease, and oral conditions were used. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included human adults (aged 18 years and older), included psychosocial factors as an exposure measure, and outcome measures of both an oral and systemic condition. Only English-language articles were considered. Pilot testing of the data extraction form and calibration were conducted and data were extracted independently by one researcher. Results A total of fifteen articles out of eighty full-text articles screened were determined to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Periodontal disease was the most commonly studied oral disease, measured in 53% of included articles, with the most commonly studied systemic diseases being of mental health conditions (40%) and diabetes (47%). Psychosocial stress was measured using a range of psychometric indicators and/or biomarkers, including perceived stress, individual behaviours, childhood adversity, and cortisol. In total, fourteen studies found a positive association between measures of psychosocial stress and oral-systemic health. Conclusion Psychosocial stress may be a common contributor to both chronic oral and non-oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. J. Hensel
- Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Nicholson
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly K. Anderson
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Noha A. Gomaa
- Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Wang X, Chen Y, Dong J, Ge J, Liu X, Liu J. Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Nicotine Relapse. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1482. [PMID: 38338760 PMCID: PMC10855331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease. Although there are some FAD-approved medicines for controlling smoking, the relapse rate remains very high. Among the factors that could induce nicotine relapse, stress might be the most important one. In the last decades, preclinical studies have generated many new findings that lead to a better understanding of stress-induced relapse of nicotine-seeking. Several molecules such as α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, α2-adrenergic receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1, trace amine-associated receptor 1, and neuropeptide systems (corticotropin-releasing factor and its receptors, dynorphine and kappa opioid receptor) have been linked to stress-induced nicotine relapse. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the neurobiology, treatment targets, and potential therapeutics of stress-induced nicotine relapse. We also discuss some factors that may influence stress-induced nicotine relapse and that should be considered in future studies. In the final section, a perspective on some research directions is provided. Further investigation on the neurobiology of stress-induced nicotine relapse will shed light on the development of new medicines for controlling smoking and will help us understand the interactions between the stress and reward systems in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Brain Science and Advanced Technology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China (Y.C.); (J.D.)
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Hacker KJ, Chen-Sankey J, Leventhal AM, Choi K. Concern for Police Brutality, Societal Discrimination, and School Shootings and Subsequent Cigarette and Cannabis Use in Los Angeles County Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Youth: a Longitudinal Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01787-z. [PMID: 37725252 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine if concerns for police brutality, societal discrimination, and school shootings relate to subsequent cigarette and cannabis use among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White (NHW) youth. Hispanic youth may be particularly vulnerable to such concern. METHODS Data are from the University of Southern California's Happiness and Health Survey, a prospective cohort study, which followed Hispanic (N = 1007) and NHW (N = 251) students from ten inner-city and suburban high schools in Los Angeles County, starting from 2013 until 2019. Participants reported concern, worry, and stress levels regarding police brutality, societal discrimination, and school shootings. Four categories were created to indicate levels of each concern variable over time (consistently low, decreased, increased, and consistently high). Associations with past-30-day cannabis, blunt, THC-oil, and cigarette use in 2019 were assessed. Separate models for each racial/ethnic category were used. RESULTS Among Hispanic participants, reporting consistently high concern about police brutality (vs. consistently low concern) was associated with higher odds to subsequently smoke cannabis (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.18-2.40), smoke blunts (aOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.11-2.39), and vape THC-oil (aOR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.14-2.44). Hispanic participants who reported consistently high concern for societal discrimination also had higher odds (vs. consistently low concern) to subsequently smoke blunts (aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.04-2.29) and vape THC-oil (aOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.12-2.43). Among NHW participants, increasing concern over school shootings (vs. consistently low concern) was associated with higher odds to subsequently smoke cannabis (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.08-7.70). CONCLUSIONS Concerns for police brutality, societal discrimination, and school shootings were associated with cannabis use especially among Hispanic participants. Providing Hispanic youth with healthy coping strategies may reduce cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana J Hacker
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Julia Chen-Sankey
- Center for Tobacco Studies, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, USA
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Addiction Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Division of Intramural Research, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Abstract
Setting-objective Current COVID-19 outbreak has led to many behavioural changes, including smoking behaviours. We aimed to investigate the success of quitting smoking of smoking cessation outpatients. Design Patients who applied to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic of a state hospital during the pandemic were retrospectively analysed. Smoking cessation success, personal views and experiences about COVID-19 were questioned. Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale was applied. Results The smoking cessation rate in the study population was 14.7%. The reasons for not being able to quit smoking were; stress (51.9%), drug discontinuation (28.4%) and reasons related to COVID-19 (12.3%). According to HADS scores; 35.8% of the participants were at risk for anxiety and 72.6% for depression. Those with pulmonary symptoms at the time of application (p=0.001), those who continued smoking cessation treatment (p=0.016), and those without depressive symptoms (p=0.040) were significantly more successful in quitting smoking. The rate of continuing smoking was significantly higher in patients with a history of COVID-19 <18.9% of participants>(p=0.013). Conclusion Intense stress and depressive symptoms, discontinuation of smoking cessation treatment and being infected with Coronavirus negatively affect the smoking cessation process in pandemic. These parameters should be considered during smoking cessation interviews and behavioural support should be obtained if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Turan
- Izmir Katip Celebi University Atatürk Research and Training Hospital, Chest Diseases Department, Izmir-Turkey
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Cioe PA, Schnoll R, Hoeppner BB, Gross R, Hitsman BL, Leone FT, Ashare R, Vilardaga R, Tashima K, Pinkston M, Kahler CW. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress, Isolation, Smoking Behaviors, and Motivation to Quit in People with HIV Who Smoke. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:1862-1869. [PMID: 36357808 PMCID: PMC9649403 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03917-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) smoke at higher rates compared with the general population and have lower cessation rates. The primary aim of this study was to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking in PWH. A survey was administered to participants in two smoking cessation trials in the United States. Mean cigarettes per day was 13.9 (SD 8.6), and participants reported they had smoked on average for 30.93 years (SD 10.4). More than half (55.7%) of participants (N = 140) reported not changing their smoking during the pandemic, while 15% reported decreasing, and 25% reported increasing their smoking. In bivariate analyses, worrying about food due to lack of money (χ2 = 9.13, df 2, p = 0.01) and greater Covid-related worry (rs = 0.19, p = 0.02) were significantly associated with increased smoking. Qualitative research may be needed to more clearly elucidate factors related to smoking behaviors among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Cioe
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Robert Schnoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bettina B Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian L Hitsman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank T Leone
- Pulmonary, Allergy, & Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roger Vilardaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karen Tashima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Megan Pinkston
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Christopher W Kahler
- Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral & Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Alhammadi MH, Almontashri AI, Radwan EM, Khouj MA, Alsaif AA, Alkhalifah ZA, Alzahrani MK, Basuliman AA, Kattan W, Bahkali NM. The Effect of Delivery Mode, ABO Blood Type, and Passive Smoking on Postpartum Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38466. [PMID: 37273289 PMCID: PMC10235214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that can occur after childbirth and is characterized by feelings of sadness. It is a common psychological problem that affects women and children. This study aimed to assess the association between PPD and risk factors, such as delivery mode, ABO blood group, and passive smoking in Saudi Arabia. Methods PPD was assessed in this cross-sectional using an Arabic version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale through an online questionnaire distributed to women in Saudi Arabia between January and March 2022. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 354 postpartum women completed the questionnaire within six weeks of giving birth. Their mean age and BMI were 30.1±6.78 years and 25.98±5.84 kg/m2, respectively. PPD occurred in 56.2% of the participants. Elective cesarean section and operative vaginal delivery were associated with the presence of PPD symptoms in 17.6% and 7% of the women, respectively. The majority of those with third and fourth degrees and those who had instrumental assisted delivery had postpartum depression and this was statistically significant (p=0.017). About 26.6% of the participants were exposed to passive smoking, and 21.9% of them developed PPD. However, it was not statistically significant. Moreover, women with PPD were more likely to have blood type O+, followed by A+. Demographic factors did not show a significant correlation with developing PPD except for age (p=0.01), those who developed PPD were much younger on average than those who did not develop PPD (29.28±6.61 years vs. 31.15±6.86 years). Conclusion A significant association was found between PPD and the type of delivery. The association between PPD and passive smoking, ABO blood groups was insignificant. However, women who developed PPD were younger on average than those who did not develop PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisam H Alhammadi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alwa I Almontashri
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ebtesam M Radwan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maryam A Khouj
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Afnan A Alsaif
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Zainab A Alkhalifah
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Manar K Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Alaa A Basuliman
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Wid Kattan
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nedaa M Bahkali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, SAU
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Kwan PP, Pike JR, Co DE, Esmundo S, Vaivao DES, May VT, Pang JK, Sabado-Liwag M, Tan NS, Tanjasiri SP, Xie B, Palmer PH. Association Between Stress and Social Support Among Young Adult Pacific Islander Smokers. HAWAI'I JOURNAL OF HEALTH & SOCIAL WELFARE 2023; 82:31-38. [PMID: 36779006 PMCID: PMC9910195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have found high levels of stress among Americans, particularly amongst young adults and ethnic minority groups. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to explore the association between stress and social support among a sample of 276 young adult smokers of Pacific Islander ancestry, specifically Samoans and Tongans with an average age of 25.3 years. Previous research had documented the protective role of social support on stress, and thus it is hypothesized that young adult Pacific Islander smokers who perceived higher levels of social support will have less perceived stress. Social support was assessed using a 12-item scale which measured participant's perceived social support from family, friends, and significant others. Perceived stress was measured using a 10-item scale with 2 subscales - self efficacy and helplessness. Standardized parameter estimates from structural equation modeling indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between perceived social support from family and perceived stress related to helplessness. More specifically, young adult Samoans and Tongans who report higher levels of social support from family do not feel as much stress stemming from being helpless. The results highlight the importance of family social support on stress management among this population. Most importantly, these findings add to the limited research around mental health within Pacific Islander (Samoan and Tongan) communities in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Erika Co
- California State University of Northridge, Northridge, CA (PPK, DEC, SE)
| | - Shenazar Esmundo
- California State University of Northridge, Northridge, CA (PPK, DEC, SE)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nasya S. Tan
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
| | | | - Bin Xie
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
| | - Paula H. Palmer
- Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA (JRP, NST, BX, PHP)
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Yang T, Peng S, Wu D, Rockett I. Association of smoking with poor health-related quality of life
among health-profession students in China: A 31-university
multilevel, multivariable analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/154077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Lee SY, Jung S, Lee W. Status of Workers' Health Behavior and the Association between Occupational Characteristics and Health Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13021. [PMID: 36293597 PMCID: PMC9602100 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (ULBs) between workers and nonworkers and demonstrated the association of ULBs with occupational characteristics among workers. This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2019. For sociodemographic data, chi-squared tests were used to analyze categorical variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ULBs were estimated using Poisson regression models after adjusting for age, sex, educational level, and household income. The variables used were current smoking status, heavy drinking, and physical inactivity. Workers were associated with an increased risk of current smoking (adjusted OR (aOR) = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.41-1.56), heavy drinking (aOR = 1.79, 95%CI = 1.68-1.90), and physical inactivity (aOR = 1.07, 95%CI = 1.04-1.11) compared with nonworkers. Among workers, the differential risks of ULB according to occupational characteristics were as follows: skilled manual workers, self-employed workers, and workers working >40 h/week were at a higher risk of engaging in all ULBs than those in other occupational categories, paid workers, and workers working ≤40 h/week, respectively. Workers showed a higher risk of ULBs than nonworkers. The risk of ULBs differed according to occupational characteristics, highlighting the need for additional studies and detailed occupational health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Yeon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Saemi Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
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13
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Deshpande HU, Fedota JR, Castillo J, Salmeron BJ, Ross TJ, Stein EA. Not all smokers are alike: the hidden cost of sustained attention during nicotine abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1633-1642. [PMID: 35091674 PMCID: PMC9283548 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine Withdrawal Syndrome (NWS)-associated cognitive deficits are notably heterogeneous, suggesting underlying endophenotypic variance. However, parsing this variance in smokers has remained challenging. In this study, we identified smoker subgroups based on response accuracy during a Parametric Flanker Task (PFT) and then characterized distinct neuroimaging endophenotypes using a nicotine state manipulation. Smokers completed the PFT in two fMRI sessions (nicotine sated, abstinent). Based on response accuracy in the stressful, high cognitive demand PFT condition, smokers split into high (HTP, n = 21) and low task performer (LTP, n = 24) subgroups. Behaviorally, HTPs showed greater response accuracy (88.68% ± 5.19 SD) vs. LTPs (51.04% ± 4.72 SD), independent of nicotine state, and greater vulnerability to abstinence-induced errors of omission (EOm, p = 0.01). Neurobiologically, HTPs showed greater BOLD responses in attentional control brain regions, including bilateral insula, dorsal ACC, and frontoparietal Cx for the [correct responses (-) errors of commission] PFT contrast in both states. A whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) analysis with these subgroup-derived regions as seeds identified two circuits: Precentral Cx↔Insula and Insula↔Occipital Cx, with abstinence-induced FC strength increases seen only in HTPs. Finally, abstinence-induced FC and behavior (EOm) differences were positively correlated for HTPs in a Precentral Cx↔Orbitofrontal cortical circuit. In sum, only the HTP subgroup demonstrated sustained attention deficits following 48-hr nicotine abstinence, a stressor in dependent smokers. Unpacking underlying smoker heterogeneity with this 'dual (task and abstinence) stressor' approach revealed discrete smoker subgroups with differential attentional deficits to withdrawal that could be novel pharmacological/behavioral targets for therapeutic interventions to improve cessation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshawardhan U. Deshpande
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - John R. Fedota
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Present Address: Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Branch, Division of Neuroscience Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Juan Castillo
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thomas J. Ross
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elliot A. Stein
- grid.420090.f0000 0004 0533 7147Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
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14
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Kyprianidou M, Chrysostomou S, Christophi CA, Giannakou K. Change of Dietary and Lifestyle Habits during and after the COVID-19 Lockdown in Cyprus: An Analysis of Two Observational Studies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11141994. [PMID: 35885238 PMCID: PMC9319624 DOI: 10.3390/foods11141994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: People’s dietary and lifestyle habits appeared to be influenced by restrictive measures imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the differences in dietary and lifestyle habits during and after the lockdown measures in Cyprus. Methods: Two online cross-sectional surveys were conducted, using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire to collect information on sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, smoking habits, physical activity, and dietary habits. The first survey was conducted between 6 April 2020 and 20 June 2020 (during national lockdown) while the second survey was conducted between 27 October 2021 and 20 January 2022 (post-lockdown). Results: A total of 2503 individuals participated in the study. A higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes/pulses, fish, and poultry was identified during lockdown compared to the period after the lockdown. Moreover, a greater daily intake of olive oil and a lower consumption of alcohol was found during the confinement period compared to the post-confinement period. During lockdown, most participants (43.0%) never or rarely used delivery services, while the largest proportion of the participants after lockdown used delivery services 1−3 times per month (37.0%) (p < 0.001). During lockdown, around 66% of the participants were physically active, compared to 55.5% after lockdown (p < 0.001). Furthermore, when compared to those with a normal BMI, more overweight and obese respondents ordered food 1−2 times per week in both periods (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were healthier throughout the lockdown period than after the end of the restrictive measures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is critical to encourage the Cypriot population to maintain the healthy dietary and lifestyle habits established during the lockdown in their daily lives after the confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
| | - Stavri Chrysostomou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus;
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22559656
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15
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Altuntaş SB, Özkaya H, Beşel A, Namlı SB, Albayrak K. The association between COVID-19 anxiety levels and tobacco use among patients within a smoking cessation polyclinic. Tob Induc Dis 2022; 20:55. [PMID: 35799623 PMCID: PMC9186118 DOI: 10.18332/tid/149180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anxiety level of smokers and the relationship between smoking behavior and COVID-19 anxiety level. METHODS Our study was planned as a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A 32-question face-to-face questionnaire containing the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) was administered to 349 patients who had applied to the smoking cessation polyclinic between 15 May 2021 and 1 August 2021. SPSS 25.00 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 349 individuals participated in the study. The mean CAS and FTND total scores were 0.89±2.13 (range: 0-20) and 6.34±2.53 (range: 0-10), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between CAS total score and gender (p=0.005), marital status (p=0.006), changes in the amount of smoking during the pandemic (p=0.011), and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking cessation (p<0.001). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking cessation was statistically significantly different between knowing that the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions due to COVID-19 infection is higher in smokers, smokers are heavily infected with COVID-19 and the mortality rate due to COVID-19 infection is higher in smokers (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic may cause a change in the amount of smoking and the decision to quit smoking. Healthcare professionals should transform COVID-19 anxiety into an opportunity to improve health and quit smoking, one of the healthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Baktır Altuntaş
- Department of Family Medicine, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Özkaya
- Department of Family Medicine, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Beşel
- Department of Family Medicine, Başakşehir Çam and Sakura State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sümeyra Betül Namlı
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Albayrak
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences Gaziosmanpaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Levine GN. Psychological Stress and Heart Disease: Fact or Folklore? Am J Med 2022; 135:688-696. [PMID: 35278355 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For at least a few centuries, if not millennia, psychological stress has been popularly believed to contribute to heart disease. Does psychological stress really contribute to heart disease? Are anecdotal, patient, and lay press reports that angina, heart attack, and even cardiac death are caused by stress based on fact, or are they just folklore? In this review, the study data supporting associations between stress and cardiovascular risk, as well as potential mechanisms by which psychological stress might contribute to heart disease and precipitate myocardial ischemia and infarction, are critically reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn N Levine
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Cardiology Section, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas.
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17
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The Effect of Change of Working Schedule on Health Behaviors: Evidence from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (2005–2019). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061725. [PMID: 35330049 PMCID: PMC8950370 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether changes in work schedule are associated with health behavior changes. We used data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey from 2005 to 2019. A generalized estimating equation model was used to assess the association between changes of work schedules (day–day, day–shift, shift–day, and shift–shift) and health behaviors. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated after adjusting for general and socioeconomic characteristics. Fixed daytime work was observed for 25,716 person-years, and fixed shift work was observed for 2370 person-years out of the total 4046 participants during a 14 year period. Workers who changed their work schedule from fixed daytime to shift work and from shift to fixed daytime work contributed to 670 and 739 person-years, respectively. Considering continuous fixed daytime workers as a reference group, continuous exposure to shift work (aOR 1.11, CI 1.01–1.26) and changes from fixed daytime to shift work (aOR 1.18, CI 1.05–1.44) were significantly associated with an increased risk of changing either smoking or drinking behavior to unhealthy patterns. The results of our study suggest that workers who work irregular shift times, in contrast to those with more standard, regular work schedules, are at a higher risk of changing smoking and/or drinking behavior to unhealthy patterns.
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18
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Amin V, Fletcher JM, Sun Z, Lu Q. Higher educational attainment is associated with longer telomeres in midlife: Evidence from sibling comparisons in the UK Biobank. SSM Popul Health 2022; 17:101018. [PMID: 35024423 PMCID: PMC8728101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.101018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have established that higher educational attainment is associated with a longer telomere length (TL), a marker of cellular aging. However, it is unclear whether extant associations are causal, since they are likely confounded by unobserved genetic, early-life and family background factors that are correlated with education and TL. We leverage sibling differences in TL, education and measured genetics (polygenic scores for educational attainment and TL) to estimate associations between educational attainment and TL in midlife for European ancestry individuals in the UK Biobank, while controlling for unobserved confounders shared by siblings. After controlling for genetics and shared background between siblings, we find suggestive evidence that high school graduates have longer telomeres than high school dropouts, but we find no differences in TL between high school dropouts and college graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikesh Amin
- Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI, 48859, United States
| | | | | | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
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19
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Ghadban YA, Zgheib N, Romani M, Akl IB, Nasr R. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking behavior and beliefs among the American University of Beirut community. Tob Prev Cessat 2022; 8:02. [PMID: 35118214 PMCID: PMC8785139 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/144499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current COVID-19 outbreak has led to sudden changes in routine and modifications in health behaviors. The study presented here investigates the changes in smoking behavior and beliefs due to the pandemic among a sample of individuals at the American University of Beirut (AUB) in Lebanon, between August and September 2020. METHODS This is a cross-sectional exploratory study based on data collected through an anonymous, web-based questionnaire. We performed descriptive and univariate analysis on sociodemographic factors, smoking practices, smoking behavior changes, and smoking beliefs. RESULTS In all, 197 participants (65.5% never smokers, 8.1% former smokers, and 26.4% current smokers) completed the online survey. Of these, 19.3% reported a change in their smoking behavior in the last four months, with an equal number of participants increasing and decreasing smoking. Univariate analysis showed that fear of contracting coronavirus and personal health concerns were significantly associated with a decrease in smoking. In contrast, the stress associated with the COVID-19 crisis and the economic crisis was associated with an increase in smoking. CONCLUSIONS The current COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in unexpected alterations in routine and changes in health behaviors. A quarter of all participants said they had changed their smoking habits, with an equal percentage saying they had increased or decreased their smoking. Future research is needed to look into changes in smoking behavior in a more representative group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina Al Ghadban
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Nathalie Zgheib
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Romani
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Imad Bou Akl
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rihab Nasr
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Magal N, Rab SL, Goldstein P, Simon L, Jiryis T, Admon R. Predicting Chronic Stress among Healthy Females Using Daily-Life Physiological and Lifestyle Features from Wearable Sensors. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2022; 6:24705470221100987. [PMID: 35911618 PMCID: PMC9329827 DOI: 10.1177/24705470221100987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic stress is a highly prevalent condition that may stem from different
sources and can substantially impact physiology and behavior, potentially
leading to impaired mental and physical health. Multiple physiological and
behavioral lifestyle features can now be recorded unobtrusively in
daily-life using wearable sensors. The aim of the current study was to
identify a distinct set of physiological and behavioral lifestyle features
that are associated with elevated levels of chronic stress across different
stress sources. Methods For that, 140 healthy female participants completed the Trier inventory for
chronic stress (TICS) before wearing the Fitbit Charge3 sensor for seven
consecutive days while maintaining their daily routine. Physiological and
lifestyle features that were extracted from sensor data, alongside
demographic features, were used to predict high versus low chronic stress
with support vector machine classifiers, applying out-of-sample model
testing. Results The model achieved 79% classification accuracy for chronic stress from a
social tension source. A mixture of physiological (resting heart-rate,
heart-rate circadian characteristics), lifestyle (steps count, sleep onset
and sleep regularity) and non-sensor demographic features (smoking status)
contributed to this classification. Conclusion As wearable technologies continue to rapidly evolve, integration of
daily-life indicators could improve our understanding of chronic stress and
its impact of physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Magal
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sharona L Rab
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Lisa Simon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talita Jiryis
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Roee Admon
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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21
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Thirunavukkarasu A, Alrawaili KAH, Al-Hazmi AH, Dar UF, ALruwaili B, Mallick A, Wani FA, Alsirhani AIE. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Occupational Health Hazards among Health Care Workers of Northern Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11489. [PMID: 34770004 PMCID: PMC8583691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Health care workers (HCWs) working in different health care facilities are exposed to many hazards, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of occupational health hazards faced by 438 randomly selected HCWs from northern Saudi Arabia. The HCWs are commonly exposed to needle stick injuries (34.5%) under the biological hazards category; and work-related stress (69.6%) under the non-biological hazards categories. The significant associated factors were work setting (ref: Primary Health Center: Adjusted OR (AOR) = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.21-4.59, p = 0.017), smoking status (ref.: non-smoker: AOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.03-2.91, p = 0.039), and mean sleeping duration per day (AOR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.04-1.43, p = 0.014) for biological, and smoking status (ref: non-smoker: AOR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.09-3.29, p = 0.028), and mean sleeping duration per day (AOR = 1.35, 95%CI = 1.07-1.70, p = 0.013) for non-biological categories. This study revealed several risk factors and occupational health hazards that HCWs are exposed to during their work time. Periodic training and follow-up assessments regarding bio-safety measures for the HCWs should be implemented. Finally, future explorative studies are warranted on the feasibility of implementing rotation-based postings for the HCWs in different health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Ahmad Homoud Al-Hazmi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Umar Farooq Dar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Bashayer ALruwaili
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Ayesha Mallick
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.H.A.-H.); (U.F.D.); (B.A.); (A.M.)
| | - Farooq Ahmed Wani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia;
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22
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Wurm J, Starker A, Schienkiewitz A, Domanska O, Krug S, Damerow S, Neuhauser H, Butschalowsky H, Koschollek C. Changes in Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption in Kupferzell (Baden-Württemberg) During the Period of COVID-19 Pandemic Restrictions. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:614-615. [PMID: 34857078 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Mooney-Leber SM, Caruso MJ, Gould TJ, Cavigelli SA, Kamens HM. The impact of adolescent stress on nicotine use and affective disorders in rodent models. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2196-2215. [PMID: 34402112 PMCID: PMC9730548 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings indicate that stress exposure during adolescence contributes to the development of both nicotine use and affective disorders, suggesting a potential shared biological pathway. One key system that may mediate the association between adolescent stress and nicotine or affective outcomes is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here we reviewed evidence regarding the effects of adolescent stress on nicotine responses and affective phenotypes and the role of the HPA-axis in these relationships. Literature indicates that stress, possibly via HPA-axis dysfunction, is a risk factor for both nicotine use and affective disorders. In rodent models, adolescent stress modulates behavioural responses to nicotine and increases the likelihood of affective disorders. The exact role that the HPA-axis plays in altering nicotine sensitivity and affective disorder development after adolescent stress remains unclear. However, it appears likely that adolescent stress-induced nicotine use and affective disorders are precipitated by repetitive activation of a hyperactive HPA-axis. Together, these preclinical studies indicate that adolescent stress is a risk factor for nicotine use and anxiety/depression phenotypes. The findings summarized here suggest that the HPA-axis mediates this relationship. Future studies that pharmacologically manipulate the HPA-axis during and after adolescent stress are critical to elucidate the exact role that the HPA-axis plays in the development of nicotine use and affective disorders following adolescent stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Mooney-Leber
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
| | - Michael J Caruso
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gould
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sonia A Cavigelli
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Helen M Kamens
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Center for Brain, Behavior, and Cognition, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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24
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Raffetti E, Andersson F, Donato F, Kong L, Efstathopoulos P, Lavebratt C, Forsell Y, Galanti MR. No association of cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms with cortisol concentration in adolescents. Results from a population-based Swedish cohort. Psychiatry Res 2021; 301:113968. [PMID: 33984825 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that smoking increases the risk of depressive symptoms, and suggested a possible role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the smoking-depression pathway. This study aimed to assess if smokers have higher cortisol levels than non-smokers, and if higher cortisol levels are associated with depressive symptoms. Saliva samples were collected from a subgroup of 409 participants at enrolment (13-14 years old) and two years later (15-16 years old). First, we examined the association between smoking phenotypes and cortisol concentration. Second, we evaluated whether these associations differed between adolescents with and without depressive symptoms. The mean difference between smokers and non-smokers in cortisol concentrations was close to zero at both time points. For instance, the adjusted mean difference for morning cortisol concentration between current and non-current smokers was 0.000 µg/dl [95% CI -0.055, 0.056]. In addition, there were no differences in cortisol concentration at the second time-point between those who had smoked and those who did not during the two previous years. Moreover, cortisol levels were not associated with depressive symptoms. The hypothesis that dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis might be involved in the association between smoking behavior and depressive symptoms during adolescence was not supported by this data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Filip Andersson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Linghua Kong
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paschalis Efstathopoulos
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kyprianidou M, Christophi CA, Giannakou K. Perceived Stress During the COVID-19-Related Confinement in Cyprus. Front Public Health 2021; 9:673411. [PMID: 34150708 PMCID: PMC8206502 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.673411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious global health emergency that could potentially have a significant impact on both somatic as well as psychological level. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of perceived stress in the general adult population of Cyprus during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. This was an internet-based cross-sectional study conducted between 6 April and 20 June 2020, one to two and a half months after the introduction of and the first mandatory lockdown on its entire territory imposed by the government of the Republic of Cyprus on 24 March 2020. Data collection was done using a self-administered questionnaire that included information about socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking habits, and stress level. A total of 1,485 adults participated in the study. The median perceived stress score was 10 (q1 = 6, q3 = 15). Linear regression models showed that having a medium monthly income (€501-1,500) and being a current smoker was positively associated with the perceived stress score, while being male and physically active was negatively associated with the perceived stress score (all p <0.05). People with medium average salary and current smokers were at a higher risk for perceived stress. Psychological interventions and/or psychological services provided in certain vulnerable groups would be beneficial in future lockdowns due to either COVID-19 or a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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van Dijk W, Oosterman M, Jansen I, de Vente W, Huizink A. Stress- and smoke free pregnancy study protocol: a randomized controlled trial of a personalized eHealth intervention including heart rate variability-biofeedback to support pregnant women quit smoking via stress reduction. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:905. [PMID: 33980201 PMCID: PMC8115871 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10910-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking and stress during pregnancy are associated with adverse health effects for women themselves and are risk factors for adverse developmental outcomes of the unborn child. Smoking and stress seem to be intertwined in various ways. First, the majority of smoking pregnant women is of lower socio-economic status, which is associated with higher levels of perceived stress. Second, smoking women often report to smoke because they feel stressed. Third, quitting smoking often increases perceived stress levels initially. Therefore, effective interventions are needed to support women with smoking cessation by reducing stress. The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention on stress reduction and smoking cessation. METHODS/DESIGN The Stress- and Smoke Free Start of Life (SSFSL) study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a personalized eHealth intervention with a control condition. Inclusion criteria for the women are: (1) > 18 years of age, (2) < 28 weeks pregnant at recruitment, (3) currently smoking. Consenting participants will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. Participants allocated to the intervention group will receive an 8-week intervention delivered on their smartphone. The application includes psycho-education on pregnancy, stress, and smoking (cessation); stress-management training consisting of Heart Rate Variability-biofeedback; and a personalized stop-smoking-plan. Participants in the control condition will be invited to visit a webpage with information on pregnancy, stress, and smoking (cessation). Study outcomes will be collected via online questionnaires, at four timepoints: pre-intervention (baseline; t0), post-intervention (8 weeks + 1 day after t0; t1), follow up at two weeks after birth (t2), and follow up at three months after birth (t3). The primary outcome measure is self-reported smoking cessation. Secondary outcomes include daily self-reported number of cigarettes smoked, perceived stress, pregnancy experience, birth outcomes, and negative affectivity scores of the baby. Moreover, the mediating effect of stress reduction on smoking cessation will be examined, and possible moderators will be tested. DISCUSSION If the eHealth intervention is effective in smoking cessation among pregnant smoking women, it can be implemented as a tool into the health care in the Netherlands. TRIAL REGISTRATION Netherlands Trial Register, ID: NL8156 . Registered on 11 November 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke van Dijk
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam Oosterman
- Department of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Imke Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wieke de Vente
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja Huizink
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Zlomuzica A, Lange M, Reher S, Machulska A, Rinck M. The effects of psychological stress on approach tendencies for smoking-related cues in smokers. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 55:2581-2591. [PMID: 33964028 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress may potentiate the chronification of nicotine addiction, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. We performed an explorative pilot study examining the effects of psychological stress, administered via the socially evaluated cold pressor task (SECPT), on implicit approach bias for smoking-related cues in smokers in the approach-avoidance task (AAT). Smokers (N = 24) were subjected to the stress or control condition of the SECPT by using a within-subject design. Consistent with previous findings, a strong approach bias for smoking-related cues in the AAT was found in smokers. Exposure to stress did not affect the general bias for smoking-related cues in the AAT relative to the control condition of the SECPT. In additional explorative analyses, an interaction among carbon monoxide (CO) levels in expired air, cortisol levels, and stress on approach bias for smoking-related cues was found. Higher CO levels, possibly due to recent smoking, prior to stress exposure were associated with an approach bias for smoking-related cues. Our results suggest that CO levels in interaction with stress can modulate implicit, automatic processing in the context of nicotine addiction. Our findings might provide novel cues to how stress influences cigarette craving and smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Lange
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Reher
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alla Machulska
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mike Rinck
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Raffetti E, Landgren AJ, Andersson F, Donato F, Lavebratt C, Forsell Y, Galanti MR. Cortisol Concentration as Predictor of Tobacco Initiation in Adolescents: Results From a Population-Based Swedish Cohort. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:758-764. [PMID: 33039272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress potentiates the smoking reward, decreases the ability to resist smoking, and increases the risk of smoking relapse in adulthood. This study aimed to clarify if salivary cortisol, as an indicator of stress, may be prospectively associated with the onset and phenotype of tobacco use in adolescents. METHODS This study was based on a cohort of Swedish adolescents, among whom saliva specimens were collected from a nested sample. We included adolescents with salivary cortisol measurements and without a history of tobacco use (n = 381, aged 13-14 years). Quartiles of morning and afternoon cortisol concentration and cortisol area under the curve were considered as predictors. We categorized tobacco use according to the product mainly used: cigarette smoking, snus use, or either type of tobacco. For each product use, two outcomes were considered: initiation and duration of use. Poisson regression models were used to calculate rate ratios. RESULTS A quartile increase in morning cortisol levels and cortisol area under the curve was consistently associated with a 1.2- to 1.4-fold increased risk of initiation of cigarette smoking snus use, or any tobacco use. Similar results were obtained examining the dose-response relationship and using the duration of use as outcome. No associations were apparent between afternoon cortisol concentration and any of the outcomes. All associations were similar between sexes. CONCLUSIONS Morning cortisol concentration, an indicator of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, is prospectively associated with tobacco use in adolescents. Whether this activation indicates the cumulative effect of stressors during the life course remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raffetti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anton Jonatan Landgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Filip Andersson
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Donato
- Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Forsell
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Rosaria Galanti
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tomioka K, Shima M, Saeki K. Association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress is stronger in women than in men: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:27. [PMID: 33663543 PMCID: PMC7931554 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher smoking prevalence in people with serious psychological distress (SPD) is well-recognized. However, gender and age differences in the association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD have not been fully investigated. METHODS We used anonymized data from a nationally representative survey in Japan (33,925 men and 37,257 women). SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale and defined as ≥ 13 points. Multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by gender and age-groups (20-44 years, 45-64 years, and ≥ 65 years) were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for SPD. RESULTS After adjusting for sociodemographic confounders including education, equivalent household expenditures, and employment contract, women had a significant association between heavier smoking and more frequent SPD: compared to never-smokers, aORs (95% CIs) of ex-smokers, current light smokers who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day (CPD), current moderate smokers 11-20 CPD, and current heavy smokers ≥ 21 CPD were 1.22 (0.92-1.63), 1.52 (1.25-1.84), 1.75 (1.46-2.09), and 2.22 (1.59-3.10), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). A significant positive association among women was consistent across all age-groups. Among men, there was no association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD in all age-groups, and only current heavy smokers aged 20-44 years had a significantly higher OR for SPD (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.02-1.85]) than never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS There was a positive association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD only among women, but not among men. For female smokers experiencing mental disorders, there is a need not only to improve mental health services but also to improve smoking-cessation support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Tomioka
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Midori Shima
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Nara Prefectural Health Research Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Hammond CJ, Wu J, Krishnan-Sarin S, Mayes LC, Potenza MN, Crowley MJ. Co-occurring tobacco and cannabis use in adolescents: Dissociable relationships with mediofrontal electrocortical activity during reward feedback processing. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102592. [PMID: 33667977 PMCID: PMC7932890 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Differences in corticostriatal neural activity during feedback processing of rewards and losses have been separately related to cannabis and tobacco use but remain understudied relative to co-use in adolescents. Using high-density EEG (128 electrode system, 1000 Hz sampling), we examined event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by monetary reward, neutral, and loss feedback during performance on a non-learning four-choice guessing task in a sample of non-deprived daily-cigarette-smoking adolescents (n = 36) who used tobacco and cannabis regularly (TC adolescents), and non-smoking healthy control adolescents (HCs) (n = 29). Peak amplitudes and latencies of mediofrontal ERPs indexing feedback-related negativities (FRNs) were used as outcomes in repeated-measures ANOVAs. No differences in FRNs were observed between TC and HC adolescents. Within TC adolescents, cannabis-use and tobacco-use variables had distinct relationships with the FRN, with cannabis-related problem severity being positively correlated with FRN amplitude during reward feedback and tobacco-related problem severity being negatively correlated with FRN latency during non-loss feedback (i.e., reward and neutral). These findings suggest that co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use may have dissociable relationships with feedback processing relating to each drug and support an incentive salience model of addiction severity related to cannabis use in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hammond
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Jia Wu
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Linda C Mayes
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, United States; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Michael J Crowley
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Georgakouli K, Manthou E, Georgoulias P, Ziaka A, Deli CK, Draganidis D, Batrakoulis A, Papanikolaou K, Tsimeas P, Mastorakos G, Fatouros IG, Koutedakis Y, Theodorakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. HPA axis responses to acute exercise differ in smokers and non-smokers. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113258. [PMID: 33232738 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise has been proposed as an adjunct in addiction treatment, including tobacco cigarette smoking. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms that could be affected by physical exercise in smokers and that could help quit smoking have not been investigated yet. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the effects of acute exercise on smoking behavior and HPA axis activation in smokers are intensity-dependent. METHODS Healthy, non-systematically exercising individuals [25 smokers (age: 33±1.4 years) and 10 non-smokers (age: 34±2.1 years)] underwent three trials [moderate intensity (MI), high intensity (HI) exercise, control (C)] in a counterbalanced order, after an overnight fast and smoking abstinence, separated by at least six days. MI involved cycling at 50-60% of Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) for 30 min, HI involved cycling at 65-75% HRR for 30 min, while in C participants rested for 30 min. Time till the first cigarette following each trial was recorded. Smoking urge was evaluated and blood samples, [analyzed for β-endorphin (β-E), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and catecholamines], were obtained prior to and immediately after each trial. RESULTS β-E, ACTH, catecholamines and cortisol responses to exercise were intensity-dependent and differed in smokers and non-smokers. Resting β-E levels were 2-2.5 times lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. HI resulted in increased β-E levels in both groups, with smokers exhibiting similar levels to that observed in non-smokers. Although smoking urge did not change post-exercise in smokers, time till first cigarette increased following both MI (64.6%) and HI (77.9%) compared to C. CONCLUSIONS HPA axis activation in response to exercise may differ between smokers and non-smokers. Smokers have lower resting levels of β-E compared to non-smokers and, since HI exercise increases β-E to similar levels to those of non-smokers and delays smoking, this may be used as an adjunct in smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Georgakouli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Argonauton 1C, Trikala 42132, GREECE
| | - Eirini Manthou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Panagiotis Georgoulias
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 3 Panepistimiou, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, GREECE
| | - Anastasia Ziaka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 3 Panepistimiou, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, GREECE
| | - Chariklia K Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Georgios Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolism, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens University, 76 Vas. Sofias Avenue, Athens 11528, GREECE
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Yiannis Koutedakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Yannis Theodorakis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Karies, Trikala 42100, GREECE.
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Lee E, Kim KY. The Association between Secondhand Smoke and Stress, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9010039. [PMID: 33406772 PMCID: PMC7824241 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is an important risk factor for adolescents’ health. Several studies have reported that SHS is as dangerous as active smoking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to SHS and mental health, including stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, in adolescents. Methods: Using raw data from the 2018 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, we analyzed the effects of sociodemographic characteristics on stress, depression, suicidal ideation in 51,500 students, including 85.8% of all sampled students (n = 60,040), after excluding students with a history of smoking, and then we performed logistic regression analysis to determine the level of exposure to SHS and its impact on stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Results: The increased level of exposure to SHS was positively associated with stress, depression, and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, stress, depression, and suicidal ideation increased as the level of SHS increased, after adjusting for variables such as age, gender, education level of the father and mother, school achievement, economic status, inhabitation, and drinking. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that SHS is positively associated with risk of mental health problems, including stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, in adolescents. Further research and policy strategies and systems to prevent and manage exposure to SHS in adolescents are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Lee
- Department of Nursing, Research Institute for Basic Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Ka Young Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Hoeppner SS, Carlon HA, Kahler CW, Park ER, Darville A, Rohsenow DJ, Hoeppner BB. COVID-19 Impact on Smokers Participating in Smoking Cessation Trials: The Experience of Nondaily Smokers Participating in a Smartphone App Study. TELEMEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 2:179-187. [PMID: 35720753 PMCID: PMC8812286 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To provide initial insight into how the COVID-19 pandemic could affect smoking behaviors and cessation efforts that were underway at its onset. Methods: An additional survey was added to follow-up assessments in an ongoing smoking cessation study for nondaily smokers: a measure of impact of COVID-19 and a subset of previously administered scales measuring smoking, emotional well-being, and alcohol use. Pre-post tests were conducted (84 ± 28 days apart). Results: Participants (81/100 of enrolled; 67% female, 75% white, 10% Hispanic, 37 ± 11 years old) reported experiencing changes regarding work (35% income reduction/loss; 35% remote work) and living situation (15% consolidated residences). Participants reported their motivation to quit smoking "slightly" increased after COVID-19 (p < 0.001), more so in those having achieved 30-day abstinence (p = 0.0045). Worry, fear, and a desire to support the greater good increased (ps < 0.05). Increases in motivation to quit correlated positively with prosocial and wellness changes. Data from pre- to post-COVID-19 onset showed decreases in emotional well-being (increased stress, negative affect, decreased coping, positive affect, all ps < 0.01), but not changes in smoking abstinence (p = 0.65), readiness to quit (p = 0.16), smoking frequency (p = 0.96), or cigarettes per day (p = 0.96). Heavy drinking decreased (p < 0.01). Trying e-cigarettes increased (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Nondaily smokers participating in a smoking cessation study during the COVID-19 pandemic reported worsened emotional well-being without effects on smoking outcomes and said their motivation to quit was slightly increased. Correlations of motivation to quit with prosocial and wellness changes suggest that targeting these constructs may be particularly helpful during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne S. Hoeppner
- OCD and Related Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah A. Carlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Elyse R. Park
- Department of Psychiatry, MGH Health Policy Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Audrey Darville
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Damaris J. Rohsenow
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bettina B. Hoeppner
- Department of Psychiatry, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- *Address correspondence to: Bettina Hoeppner, PhD, Recovery Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 151 Merrimac Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA,
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Rao D, Gaur T, Jadhav A, Dagur L, Dhaka H, Pathak P, Chhabra K. Nicotine dependence, perceived stress, and self-efficacy among primary health care professionals during the times of Covid-19 pandemic – A cross-sectional descriptive study. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4124-4130. [PMID: 35136777 PMCID: PMC8797112 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_629_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nicotine dependency would have increased during the times of COVID-19 among the primary health professionals, which would can be attributed to perceived stress and can also be influenced by self-efficacy; hence, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between nicotine dependence with perceived stress, self-efficacy among primary health care professionals during the times of covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire study. The study was conducted among primary health workers of Ajmer district; stratified random sampling technique was used to collect data. A questionnaire was prepared that consists of demographic details, questions on perceived stress, self-efficacy, and nicotine dependence. Results: Perceived stress and nicotine dependence was high among study participants. Self-efficacy was low. There was significant (P ≤ 0.05) association between high nicotine dependence and high perceived stress. It was also reported that majority of study participants {58 (30.4%)} with high self-efficacy significantly (P ≤ 0.05) was associated with low nicotine dependence. Conclusion: High nicotine dependence was significantly associated with high perceived stress, while low nicotine dependence was significantly lower among primary health care workers’ low perceived stress. Low nicotine dependence was significantly associated among study participants with high self-efficacy.
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Patten CA, Lando HA, Desnoyers CA, Klejka J, Decker PA, Bock MJ, Hughes CA, Alexie L, Boyer R, Resnicow K, Burhansstipanov L. Association of Tobacco Use During Pregnancy, Perceived Stress, and Depression Among Alaska Native Women Participants in the Healthy Pregnancies Project. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:2104-2108. [PMID: 31566239 PMCID: PMC7593352 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In general population samples, higher levels of stress and depression have been associated with increased prevalence of smoking in pregnancy. Little is known about the association of prenatal tobacco use, stress, and depression among American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. METHODS The Healthy Pregnancies Project is a cluster-randomized controlled trial, evaluating a community-level intervention compared with usual care, for reducing tobacco use during pregnancy and postpartum among AN women in 16 villages in western Alaska. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from enrolled pregnant women. Baseline measures included the self-reported, 7-day, point-prevalence current use of any tobacco, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses adjusted for village, participant age, and gestational age. RESULTS Participants (N = 352) were on average (SD) 25.8 (5.0) years of age and at 26.8 (9.8) weeks gestation. 66.5% were current tobacco users, of which 77% used Iqmik, a homemade form of smokeless tobacco. Compared with nonusers, tobacco users reported lower PSS score (p = .020) and less clinical levels of depression (CES-D ≥ 16) (18.1% vs. 9.3%, p = .21). Findings were not accounted for by nicotine dependence severity or self-reported tobacco use before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of pregnant AN women, tobacco users report less stress and clinical levels of depression than nonusers. A potential challenge with tobacco treatment for pregnant AN women is to provide alternative ways of deescalating stress and affect management instead of using tobacco. IMPLICATIONS This study contributes novel information on the association of tobacco use, perceived stress, and depression among Alaska Native women enrolled in a clinical trial to promote healthy pregnancies. Most prior studies addressing this topic were conducted among general population samples of pregnant women who smoked cigarettes. Little is known about these associations with prenatal smokeless tobacco, or among American Indian or Alaska Native women. The results are contrary to findings reported previously, because current tobacco use was associated with less stress and depression than nonuse. The study findings have implications for cessation treatment for this tobacco-use disparity group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi A Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | - Paul A Decker
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Martha J Bock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Allenby C, Falcone M, Ashare RL, Cao W, Bernardo L, Wileyto EP, Pruessner J, Loughead J, Lerman C. Brain Marker Links Stress and Nicotine Abstinence. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:885-891. [PMID: 31120113 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjective stress is a well-documented predictor of early smoking relapse, yet our understanding of stress and tobacco use is limited by reliance on self-reported measures of stress. We utilized a validated functional neuroimaging paradigm to examine whether stress exposure during early abstinence alters objective measures of brain function. METHODS Seventy-five participants underwent blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the Montreal Imaging Stress Task (MIST) on two occasions: once during smoking satiety and once following biochemically confirmed 24-hour abstinence (order counterbalanced). The primary outcome measure was brain response during stress (vs. control) blocks of the MIST, assessed using whole-brain analysis corrected for multiple comparisons using clusters determined by Z ≥ 3.1. RESULTS Abstinence (vs. satiety) was associated with significantly increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a brain region associated with inhibitory control. Abstinence-induced change in brain response to stress was positively associated with change in self-reported stress. CONCLUSIONS This study provides objective evidence that the brain response to stress is altered during the first 24 hours of a quit attempt compared to smoking satiety. IMPLICATIONS These results point to the potential value of inoculating smokers with stress management training prior to a quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne Allenby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Falcone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca L Ashare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wen Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leah Bernardo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - E Paul Wileyto
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James Loughead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caryn Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ghasemzadeh Z, Sardari M, Javadi P, Rezayof A. Expression analysis of hippocampal and amygdala CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in nicotine-induced reward under stress in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1741:146885. [PMID: 32417176 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that individuals are more sensitive to develop addiction and drug taking under stress state. The present study includes an expression analysis to identify the possible role of hippocampal and amygdala CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and BDNF (Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) activation in nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) under exposure to acute or sub-chronic stress. Using western-blot technique, CREB phosphorylation was shown to increase in the hippocampus and the amygdala following nicotine-induced CPP. The hippocampal level of BDNF was increased following nicotine administration and in the nicotine-treated animals exposed to acute stress. In animals exposed to acute stress, the amygdala ratios of the pCREB/CREB decreased, while pre-treatment of the animals with nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) decreased this ratio only in the hippocampus. Sub-chronic stress decreased the pCREB/CREB ratios in the hippocampus and the amygdala. Interestingly, sub-chronic stress-induced increase of nicotine reward only decreased the hippocampal pCREB/CREB ratio. The levels of BDNF in the hippocampus and the amygdala decreased under acute stress. Acute stress-induced increase of nicotine reward increased BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Moreover, the animals' exposure to the CPP apparatus without any drug administration increased the ratios of pCREB/tCREB and BDNF/β-actin in the targeted sites. In summary, the present study indicate that the alterations of the ratio of pCREB/CREB and also the level of BDNF in the hippocampus may be critical for enhancing nicotine reward under stress condition. The evidence from this study suggests the distinct roles of the hippocampus and the amygdala in mediating nicotine reward under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sardari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Javadi
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Gross GM, Bastian LA, Smith NB, Harpaz-Rotem I, Hoff R. Sex Differences in Associations Between Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Tobacco Use Among Veterans of Recent Conflicts. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 29:677-685. [PMID: 31934813 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2019.8082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M. Gross
- Pain, Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lori A. Bastian
- Pain, Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Noelle B. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rani Hoff
- Pain, Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Northeast Program Evaluation Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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Perceived Stress Mediates the Association between Deployment Sexual Trauma and Nicotine Dependence in Women Veterans. Womens Health Issues 2020; 30:214-220. [PMID: 32317136 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of smoking and related health consequences are higher for women veterans as compared with their civilian counterparts, and trauma is a known risk factor associated with smoking. Military sexual trauma is prevalent among women veterans and associated with deleterious health outcomes, including tobacco use. However, research has not examined variables that may explain this association. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between deployment sexual trauma (DST; military sexual trauma that occurs during deployment) and nicotine dependence, and whether perceived stress is a potential explanatory variable (i.e., mediator) in this relationship. METHODS Cross-sectional associations and Hayes mediation models were examined using baseline interview data from the Survey of Experiences of Returning Veterans sample (352 recently returned women veterans). RESULTS DST was associated with postdeployment nicotine dependence and greater perceived stress. Further, perceived stress was a significant mediator between DST and binary nicotine dependence (indirect effect [standard error] of DST on nicotine dependence through perceived stress, 0.04 [0.01]; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.07; odds ratio, 1.04; p < .01) when controlling for education. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that perceived stress may be a clinical target for decreasing nicotine dependence among women veterans who have experienced DST.
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Socioeconomic status, mindfulness, and momentary associations between stress and smoking lapse during a quit attempt. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107840. [PMID: 32058242 PMCID: PMC7534963 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Models of health disparities highlight stress among low socioeconomic status (SES) smokers as a barrier to cessation. Recent studies suggest that mindfulness may improve cessation outcomes by reducing stress during a quit attempt. The current study examined associations of SES and mindfulness with ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of stress and smoking lapse during a quit attempt. METHODS EMAs (N = 32,329) were gathered from 364 smokers engaged in a quit attempt. A multilevel structural equation model estimated within person paths from momentary stress to subsequent smoking lapse. Between person paths estimated paths from a latent variable for SES and mindfulness to stress and smoking lapse, the indirect effect of SES and mindfulness on lapse through stress, and moderation of within person stress-lapse associations by SES and mindfulness. RESULTS Within person estimates found that momentary increases in stress predicted increased risk of subsequent smoking lapse. Between person estimates found that lower SES was indirectly associated with greater risk for smoking lapse through increased stress; and, higher mindfulness was indirectly associated with lower risk for smoking lapse through reduced stress. Additionally, higher SES participants, who reported lower stress during the quit attempt, showed a stronger relationship between momentary increases in stress and risk for subsequent smoking lapse. CONCLUSIONS Among low SES smokers engaged in a quit attempt, both SES and mindfulness uniquely influenced smoking lapse through their influence on stress. Findings support reports that mindfulness presents a promising intervention target to reduce stress and improve cessation outcomes among low SES smokers.
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Borges AM, Yang MJ, Farris SG, Zvolensky M, Leyro TM. Examining the Role of Emotion Regulation in the Bidirectional Relation between Physiological and Subjective Stress Response among Daily Cigarette Smokers. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 155. [PMID: 32863505 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with autonomic dysregulation and altered stress responsivity. There exists a reciprocal relation between subjective and physiological stress reactivity and recovery in smokers. Emotion regulation may impact the extent to which these domains influence each other. The current study examined the moderating role of lack of emotional awareness, lack of emotional clarity, and nonacceptance of emotions, in the relation between heart rate reactivity to, and subjective recovery from, stress, and vice versa. To determine specificity of cross-domain findings, these relations were also examined within domain. Fifty-six daily smokers (46.4% female; M age = 29.33, SD = 11.92) participated in a biological challenge. Heart rate and subjective distress were assessed continuously before, during, and after the challenge. Individual growth curve models revealed that deficits in emotional clarity significantly moderated the effect of heart rate reactivity on subjective recovery. Lack of emotional awareness also moderated the association between subjective reactivity and heart rate recovery. Emotion regulation processes did not affect relations within the same domain, but altered the relation across domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min-Jeong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
| | | | - Michael Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Anxiety and Health Research Laboratory and Substance Use Treatment Clinic
| | - Teresa M Leyro
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
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McClure EA, Baker NL, Gray KM, Hood CO, Tomko RL, Carpenter MJ, Ramakrishnan VR, Buchanan CJ, Saladin ME. The influence of gender and oxytocin on stress reactivity, cigarette craving, and smoking in a randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory relapse paradigm. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:543-555. [PMID: 31792646 PMCID: PMC7024045 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Female cigarette smokers tend to show greater cessation failure compared with males. Variables that contribute to the maintenance of smoking, including stress and craving, may differentially impact male and female smokers. Novel pharmacotherapies, such as oxytocin, may attenuate stress reactivity and craving in smokers, but work in this area is limited. OBJECTIVES This study assessed the influence of gender and oxytocin on stress reactivity, craving, and smoking in a randomized, placebo-controlled laboratory relapse paradigm. METHODS Male and female adult cigarette smokers (ages 18-45) were enrolled (women oversampled 2:1) and completed a laboratory session, in which intranasal oxytocin or placebo was administered followed by a laboratory social stress task. The role of gender and oxytocin were assessed on measures of stress reactivity, cigarette craving, latency to smoke in a resistance task, subjective responses to smoking, and ad-libitum smoking. RESULTS Participants (N = 144) had a mean age of 31 were 63% female and 56% White. Following stress induction, female smokers evidenced greater subjective stress than males, though males demonstrated greater neuroendocrine reactivity and smoking intensity than females. No gender differences were demonstrated for craving. Oxytocin did not attenuate any aspect of stress reactivity, craving, smoking, or subjective responses to smoking compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Gender differences in stress reactivity were shown in the hypothesized direction, but oxytocin appeared to exert little impact on subjective or behavioral metrics. Results highlight the complex relationship between gender, stress, and smoking, as well as the implications for oxytocin as a potential pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Caitlyn O Hood
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Viswanathan R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Cole J Buchanan
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael E Saladin
- Department of Health Sciences and Research, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Cambron C, Haslam AK, Baucom BRW, Lam C, Vinci C, Cinciripini P, Li L, Wetter DW. Momentary precipitants connecting stress and smoking lapse during a quit attempt. Health Psychol 2019; 38:1049-1058. [PMID: 31556660 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most attempts at smoking cessation are unsuccessful, and stress is frequently characterized both as a momentary precipitant of smoking lapse and a predictor of subsequent changes in other key precipitants of lapse. The current study examined longitudinal associations among stress, multiple precipitants of lapse, and lapse among smokers attempting to quit. METHOD Ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) were gathered from a multiethnic, gender-balanced sample of 370 adults enrolled in a smoking cessation program. EMAs (N = 32,563) assessed smoking lapse and precipitants of lapse, including stress, negative affect, smoking urge, abstinence self-efficacy, motivation to quit, difficulty concentrating, coping outcome expectancies, and smoking outcome expectancies. A multilevel structural equation model simultaneously estimated within-subject paths from stress to multiple precipitants and subsequent smoking lapse. Indirect effects of stress to smoking lapse through precipitants were computed. RESULTS Results indicated that increased stress was significantly associated with all precipitants of lapse, consistent with a greater risk for lapse (i.e., increased negative affect, smoking urge, difficulty concentrating, and smoking outcome expectancies and reduced abstinence self-efficacy, motivation to quit, and coping outcome expectancies). All precipitants were significantly associated with subsequent lapse. Indirect effects indicated that stress was uniquely connected to lapse through negative affect, smoking urge, abstinence self-efficacy, coping outcome expectancies, and smoking outcome expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study highlight the broad importance of stress for smoking lapse during a quit attempt. Smoking cessation programs should pay close attention to the role of stress in exacerbating key precipitants of lapse to improve cessation success rates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cho Lam
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah
| | | | - Paul Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas
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Gomaa N, Tenenbaum H, Glogauer M, Quiñonez C. The Biology of Social Adversity Applied to Oral Health. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1442-1449. [PMID: 31547748 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519876559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological embodiment is a concept derived from Engel's biopsychosocial model to health, theorized as the process by which adverse social exposures trigger neuroendocrine and immune responses, leading to disease and/or increased disease susceptibility. This critical review discusses the biopsychosocial model as applied to oral health and its relevance to oral health policy while deciphering some of the pathobiological processes underlying social adversity. In periodontal disease, for example, such processes can occur via the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the consequent release of the chronic stress hormone cortisol. The latter contributes to a proinflammatory immune state that increases the risk for periodontal inflammation. Recent research shows that cortisol relates to an elevated oral inflammatory load, demonstrated as hyperactive neutrophils that are pivotal to periodontal tissue damage. Consistent with the biopsychosocial model, this relationship is amplified in those of lower income and higher financial stress. Similarly, among children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, cortisol is linked to a higher cariogenic bacterial load. Such findings implicate the stress pathway as key in the oral pathogenic process, particularly under social/socioeconomic adversity. Collectively, this work emphasizes the importance of addressing social factors in alleviating oral disease burden and reducing the social gaps therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gomaa
- Neuroscience and Mental Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Tenenbaum
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Glogauer
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C Quiñonez
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kim SJ, Chae W, Park WH, Park MH, Park EC, Jang SI. The impact of smoking cessation attempts on stress levels. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:267. [PMID: 30841877 PMCID: PMC6402150 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6592-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoking is a major health risk, particularly in male South Koreans. Smoking cessation can benefit health; however, the process of quitting smoking is difficult to some smokers and shows its relationship to their stress level. The hypothesis of this study is that who has failed attempts to stop smoking induce more stress than habitual smoking. Methods To test this, the analysis on the association between smoking cessation attempts and stress levels in smokers was performed. The Korean Community Health Survey (2011–2016) data with the total of 488,417 participants’ data were used for this study. Survey data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. As the dependent variable, self-reported level of stress was selected. Results Of the subject population, 78.3% (63.3% males, 81.4% females) felt stressed. Among participants who successfully stopped smoking, 73.0% (72.6% males, 78.1% females) reported feeling stressed. In contrast, of those who failed to stop smoking, 83.3% (83.6% males, 86.3% females) reported high stress levels. Among those who did not attempt smoking cessation, 81.1% (81.2% males, 80.3% females) responded that they experienced stress. Those who failed to stop smoking had higher odds of stress than those who did not attempt smoking cessation [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.14, p < 0.001]. Those who successfully stopped smoking had lower odds of stress than those who did not attempt smoking cessation (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.86–0.89, p < 0.001). Conclusion The study found an association between unsuccessful smoking cessation and stress level. As the result, people who failed smoking cessation showed higher stress. These data should be considered in health policy recommendations for smokers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6592-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Kim
- Medical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjeong Chae
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Park
- Medical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Medical Courses, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-In Jang
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Campbell-Sills L, Kessler RC, Ursano RJ, Sun X, Heeringa SG, Nock MK, Jain S, Stein MB. Nicotine Dependence and Pre-Enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among U.S. Army Soldiers. Am J Prev Med 2019; 56:420-428. [PMID: 30777160 PMCID: PMC6383784 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Identification of modifiable risk factors for suicidal behaviors is a priority for the U.S. Army. This study investigated associations of nicotine dependence with suicidal behaviors among incoming soldiers. METHODS Lifetime DSM-IV nicotine dependence, mental disorders, suicidal behaviors, and their ages of onset were retrospectively assessed in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) New Soldier Study. Discrete-time survival analysis of person-year data from 30,436 soldiers was performed to evaluate associations of nicotine dependence with subsequent suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. Among respondents with lifetime ideation (n=4,060), models tested associations of nicotine dependence with progression from ideation to first onset of plan, from plan to first attempt, and, among ideators without plans, from ideation to first unplanned attempt. A hierarchy of models incorporated increasing controls for other risk factors. Data were collected in 2011-2012 and analyzed in 2017-2018. RESULTS In models controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, nicotine dependence was associated with onset of all suicidal behaviors (AORs, 2.07-4.08, p<0.001) and with each type of progression of suicidal behavior (AORs, 1.48-2.44, p<0.005). After adjusting for childhood adversities and mental disorders, nicotine dependence remained associated with onset of ideation (AOR=1.27, 95% CI=1.10, 1.46, p=0.001) and attempt (AOR=1.83, 95% CI=1.41, 2.37, p<0.001); and with progression from ideation to unplanned attempt (AOR=2.03, 95% CI=1.17, 1.74, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nicotine dependence exhibited associations with onset of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt-and with progression from ideation to unplanned attempt-that were independent of other measured risk factors. Awareness of associations of nicotine dependence with suicidal behaviors may inform risk assessment, facilitate targeting of prevention efforts, and provide further impetus for reducing nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campbell-Sills
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert J Ursano
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Steven G Heeringa
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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Najem J, Saber M, Aoun C, El Osta N, Papazian T, Rabbaa Khabbaz L. Prevalence of food addiction and association with stress, sleep quality and chronotype: A cross-sectional survey among university students. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:533-539. [PMID: 30878156 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Food addiction (FA) is defined as an insatiable desire for the consumption of specific high-fat, high-sugar foods beyond the required energy needs for sustenance. The aims of this study were to determine FA prevalence and to assess associations between FA, stress, sleep quality and chronotype among university students. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey conducted among students from 8 major Lebanese universities. Students were randomly selected and requested to fill the questionnaire. 644 agreed to participate. Data were collected via a face-to-face interview conducted by 2 trained research assistants. PARTICIPANTS University students above 18 years old and not presenting any cognitive or chronic illnesses, after signing a written consent form. MEASUREMENTS In addition to sociodemographic data, all participants filled the following self-administered standardized and validated questionnaires: Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). FINDINGS FA prevalence was 10.1% with a 95% confidence interval of 7.8-12.4%. 56.5% of all the participants had a poor quality of sleep, whereas 81.2% of the participants presenting FA experienced a poor sleep quality (versus 57.2% when no FA is present). 70.2% of the students presented an intermediate chronotype, 20.5% an evening chronotype and 8.7% a morning chronotype. Age, smoking status, BMI, PSS and PSQI remained significantly correlated to the continuous YFAS score in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings denote the importance of identifying and offering help to individuals presenting a FA because it is frequent among youth, associated to higher BMI and to smoking, seems to be a very intertwined and complex phenomenon coexisting with other neuropsychiatric problems, such as stress and poor sleep quality and therefore can have serious health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle Najem
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maroun Saber
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Aoun
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon; University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 4847, Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique, BP10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tatiana Papazian
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie, Pharmacie clinique et contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Kennedy B, Chen R, Fang F, Valdimarsdottir U, Montgomery S, Larsson H, Fall K. Low stress resilience in late adolescence and risk of smoking, high alcohol consumption and drug use later in life. J Epidemiol Community Health 2019; 73:496-501. [PMID: 30718261 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-211815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While compromised stress resilience constitutes a recognised risk factor for somatic and psychiatric disease development in general, the knowledge about how individual variation in vulnerability to stress may specifically influence the long-term risks of disadvantageous health behaviours is limited. METHODS In this Swedish cohort study, we aimed to investigate the association between stress resilience in late adolescence and adult use of addictive substances. We included 9381 men with information on psychological stress resilience measured during military conscription examinations, who later responded to an extensive health survey (mean age 34.0±7.2 years) including detailed information on substance use. We modelled continuous outcomes using linear regression, binary outcomes with logistic regression and other categorical outcomes with multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS We found that low stress resilience in adolescence conferred increased risks of all studied measures of addictive behaviour. After adjusting for childhood socioeconomic information, low stress resilience was associated with adult current regular smoking (relative risk ratio: 5.85, 95% CI 4.32 to 7.93), higher nicotine dependence scores (beta: 0.76, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.23), hazardous use of alcohol (>14 alcoholic drink-equivalents per week, OR: 1.72, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.16), DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence (OR: 1.74, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.25), and drug use (OR: 1.77, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.08). The results remained largely unchanged after further adjustments for adult educational attainment and occupation as well as for additional conscription covariates. CONCLUSION Low stress resilience in late adolescence appears to be associated with an increased risk of disadvantageous and addictive health behaviours in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kennedy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden .,Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruoqing Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur Valdimarsdottir
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Examining the Relation Between Physiological and Psychological Components of Stress Reactivity and Recovery in Cigarette Smokers. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2019; 44:131-141. [PMID: 30659430 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-019-09429-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smokers exhibit reduced physiological stress reactivity, yet it is unclear whether blunted reactivity predicts differences in subjective recovery and vice versa. The study examined whether basal heart rate and heart rate reactivity were related to recovery in anxiety following stress, and conversely, whether initial self-reported anxiety and anxiety reactivity were related to heart rate recovery. Fifty-six smokers completed a 10-min baseline period, a 4-min stressor, and a 10-min recovery period during which heart rate and anxiety were continuously assessed. Results indicated significant linear (p < .01, d = 0.31) and quadratic (p = .02, d = 0.27) effects of baseline heart rate and reactivity (linear p < .01, d = 0.80; quadratic p < .01, d = 0.66) on recovery in anxiety and significant linear (p < .01, d = 0.88) and quadratic (p < .01, d = 0.74) effects of anxiety reactivity on heart rate recovery. These findings suggest that reduced reactivity in both heart rate and anxiety predicted slower recovery in the opposite domain. Findings offer initial evidence for psychophysiological integration in cigarette smokers.
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Basáñez T, Sussman S, Clark J, Unger JB. Intragroup xenophobic attitudes, ethnic identity, and substance use among Latinx adolescents. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 19:417-434. [PMID: 30636571 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1540954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined intragroup xenophobic attitudes, ethnic identity, and substance use (N = 905). Drawing on cognitive dissonance theory, we hypothesized that intragroup xenophobic attitudes among Latinx individuals would be associated with higher levels of substance use (SU) in early adulthood and that ethnic identity would increase the strength of that association. We found that in 10th grade, xenophobic attitudes were higher among respondents with lower ethnic identity, a longer family history in the United States, and less stress. In a longitudinal analysis, SU in emerging adulthood was highest among males, those reporting higher stress in 10th grade, and those with a longer family history in the United States. There was a significant interaction of ethnic identity and xenophobia on substance use (β = -.12, p < .001), indicating that substance use was higher among Latinxs with low ethnic identity who harbor xenophobic attitudes. Findings are explained using system justification theory because intragroup xenophobia appears to operate as a coping strategy that is maladaptive for Latinx individuals reporting low ethnic identity but somehow useful to those with high ethnic identity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Sussman
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jordan Clark
- Mount Saint Mary's College, Los Angeles, California
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