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Davoodbeygi Y, Askari M, Salehi E, Kheirieh S. A review on hybrid membrane-adsorption systems for intensified water and wastewater treatment: Process configurations, separation targets, and materials applied. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117577. [PMID: 36848812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the era of rapid and conspicuous progress of water treatment technologies, combined adsorption and membrane filtration systems have gained great attention as a novel and efficient method for contaminant removal from aqueous phase. Further development of these techniques for water/wastewater treatment applications will be promising for the recovery of water resources as well as reducing the water tension throughout the world. This review introduces the state-of-the-art on the capabilities of the combined adsorption-membrane filtration systems for water and wastewater treatment applications. Technical information including employed materials, superiorities, operational limitations, process sustainability and upgradeing strategies for two general configurations i.e. hybrid (pre-adsorption and post-adsorption) and integrated (film adsorbents, low pressure membrane-adsorption coupling and membrane-adsorption bioreactors) systems has been surveyed and presented. Having a systematic look at the fundamentals of hybridization/integration of the two well-established and efficient separation methods as well as spotlighting the current status and prospectives of the combination strategies, this work will be valuable to all the interested researchers working on design and development of cutting-edge wastewater/water treatment techniques. This review also draws a clear roadmap for either decision making and choosing the best alternative for a specific target in water treatment or making a plan for further enhancement and scale-up of an available strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Davoodbeygi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Ehsan Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Sareh Kheirieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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2
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Shi J, Liang Z, Dai X. Enhanced biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal by high-concentration powder carriers: extracellular polymeric substance, microbial communities, and metabolic pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4010-4022. [PMID: 35963965 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, diatomite, activated carbon, and iron-carbon (Fe-C) were used as biological carriers for the integrated fixed-film activated sludge process. Biomass, pollutant removal efficiency, and extracellular polymer were tested, and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, enzyme activity, and microbial diversity were studied after the sludge retention time was changed. The mechanism of carrier enriching microorganism and promoting pollutant degradation was studied. The results showed that the addition of these three carriers contributed to the enrichment of nitrifying bacteria in the system, and the NH4+-N removal efficiency was above 98%. Diatomite and Fe-C could improve pollutant removal by increasing the activity of the electron transfer system. The abundance of denitrogenation-related reductases and the enzymes synthesizing poly-β-hydroxybutyrate was increased in activated carbon. The addition of Fe-C increased the abundance of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms by approximately 25% and the removal efficiency of total phosphorus by 12.61-14.88% at the end of the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Zixuan Liang
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Lab Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Gutiérrez M, Grillini V, Mutavdžić Pavlović D, Verlicchi P. Activated carbon coupled with advanced biological wastewater treatment: A review of the enhancement in micropollutant removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148050. [PMID: 34091341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of a review on the removal efficiencies of a wide spectrum of micropollutants (MPs) in biological treatment (mainly membrane bioreactor) coupled with activated carbon (AC) (AC added in the bioreactor or followed by an AC unit, acting as a post treatment). It focuses on how the presence of AC may promote the removal of MPs and the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater. Removal data collected of MPs are analysed versus AC dose if powdered AC is added in the bioreactor, and as a function of the empty bed contact time in the case of a granular activated carbon (GAC) column acting as a post treatment. Moreover, the enhancement in macropollutant (organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) removal is analysed as well as the AC mitigation effect towards membrane fouling and, finally, how sludge properties may change in the presence of AC. To sum up, it was found that AC improves the removal of most MPs, favouring their sorption on the AC surface, promoted by the presence of different functional groups and then enhancing their degradation processes. DOM is a strong competitor in sorption on the AC surface, but it may promote the transformation of GAC in a biologically activated carbon thus enhancing all the degradation processes. Finally, AC in the bioreactor increases sludge floc strength and improves its settling characteristics and sorption potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gutiérrez
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Grillini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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4
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Noh JH, Park JW, Choi S, Kim S, Maeng SK. Effects of powdered activated carbon and calcium on trihalomethane toxicity of zebrafish embryos and larvae in hybrid membrane bioreactors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124530. [PMID: 33243649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of powdered activated carbon and calcium on trihalomethane toxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae in hybrid membrane bioreactors. Two hybrid membrane bioreactors were configured with the addition of powdered activated carbon or calcium to reduce the trihalomethane formation potential. Trihalomethane formation decreased by approximately 37.2% and 30.3% in membrane bioreactor-powdered activated carbon and membrane bioreactor-calcium, respectively. Additionally, the toxic effect of trihalomethane formation was examined on zebrafish embryos and larvae. About 35% of the embryos exposed to trihalomethanes (800 ppb) showed signs of deformation, with the majority displaying coagulation within 24 h after exposure. Color preference tests, which were conducted to identify any abnormal activities of the embryos, showed an increase in preference from short to longer wavelengths upon exposure to high levels of trihalomethanes. This may indicate damage to the optical organs in zebrafish when exposed to trihalomethanes. Behavioral analysis showed reduced mobility of zebrafish larvae under different trihalomethane concentrations, indicating a decrease in the average activity time with an increasing trihalomethane concentration. The membrane bioreactor effluents were toxic to zebrafish embryos and larvae in the presence of high trihalomethane concentrations. To understand the mechanism behind trihalomethane toxicity, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohoon Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungpyo Kim
- Bio Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, Chungnam 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Noh JH, Choi H, Kim HY, Choi S, Maeng SK. Reducing bacterial aerosol emissions from membrane bioreactors: The impact of SRT and the addition of PAC and calcium. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:58-70. [PMID: 30904711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial aerosols resulting from membrane bioreactor (MBR) processes, which require excessive aeration in a confined space, are important to investigate because of their possible adverse effects on human health. This study investigated the influence of solid retention time (SRT) on bacterial aerosols from MBRs. Moreover, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and calcium were used to attenuate bacterial aerosol emissions from MBRs. The particulate matter (PM) emitted from the MBRs was reduced by 30.5 and 25.2% at SRTs of 20 and 80 d, respectively, compared to the level emitted at an SRT of 10 d. Total cell counts were similarly reduced at SRTs of 20 and 80 d. Longer SRTs also led to greater reductions in the particle size distribution of the sludge within 10 μm. Several factors in the MBR influenced the behavior of the bacterial aerosol emissions from the MBRs. This study showed that changes in viscosity and particle size induced by the SRT influenced the bacterial aerosol emissions in MBRs. Therefore, SRT was identified as an important design parameter affecting bacterial aerosol emissions in MBR processes. The amounts of particulate matter and bacterial aerosols were reduced in MBRs using PAC and calcium, both of which exerted an immediate effect on the bacterial aerosol emissions in MBRs by increasing the aerosol-particle size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyung Noh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choi
- Taeyoung E&C 111, Yeouigongwon-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07241, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Kim
- Taeyoung E&C 111, Yeouigongwon-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohoon Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Maeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdongro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Zhang S, Zuo X, Xiong J, Ma C, Hu B. Effect of powdered activated carbon dosage on sludge properties and membrane bioreactor performance in a hybrid MBR-PAC system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:1156-1165. [PMID: 29235926 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1417493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An improved insight into the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on membrane fouling is crucial to the MBR performance. Sludge key property, soluble microbial products (SMP) and transmembrane pressure (TMP) were monitored. The membrane fouling rate in the MBRs was also analyzed based on TMP profile and resistance-in-series model. PAC reduced the membrane filtration resistance and significantly decreased the fouling rate. The sludge filterability was improved by extending the filtration time by almost twofold. PAC affected the SMP release and protein/polysaccharide (carbohydrate) was in a lower ratio. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that PAC decreased the impact of organic carbon, and reduced the proteins' and polysaccharides' absorption and deposition on the membrane surface and in the pores. The degree of reversible and irreversible fouling was related to the PAC content added into the MBRs. At the optimum dosage of 2 g/L, the results signified the PAC potential as a mitigation strategy of membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhang
- a College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtao Zuo
- a College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xiong
- b College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Ma
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , USA
| | - Bo Hu
- a College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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7
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Lamori JG, Xue J, Rachmadi AT, Lopez GU, Kitajima M, Gerba CP, Pepper IL, Brooks JP, Sherchan S. Removal of fecal indicator bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes in constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10188-10197. [PMID: 30758793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater discharge evidently increased bacterial diversity in the receiving waterbodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a constructed wetland in reducing fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs). We determined the prevalence and attenuation of fecal indicator bacteria including Escherichia coli and enterococci, along with ARGs, and human-associated Bacteroidales (HF183) markers by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. Three types of water samples (inlet, intermediate, and outlet) from a constructed wetland were collected once a month from May to December in 2013. The overall reduction of E. coli was 50.0% based on culture method. According to the qPCR result, the overall removal rate of E. coli was only 6.7%. Enterococci were found in 62.5% of the wetland samples. HF183 genetic marker was detected in all final effluent samples with concentration ranging from 1.8 to 4.22 log10 gene copies (GC)/100 ml. Of the ARGs tested, erythromycin resistance genes (ermF) were detected in 79.2% of the wetland samples. The class 1 integrase (intI1) was detected in all water samples with concentration ranging from 0.83 to 5.54 log10 GC/100 ml. The overall removal rates of enterococci, HF183, intI1, and ermF were 84.0%, 66.6%, 67.2%, and 13.1%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Lamori
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jia Xue
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andri T Rachmadi
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North13 West8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Gerardo U Lopez
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North13 West8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Charles P Gerba
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ian L Pepper
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, 1117 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, The University of Arizona, 2959 West Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ, 85745, USA
| | - John P Brooks
- Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Unit, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Samendra Sherchan
- Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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8
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Biofouling mechanism of polysaccharide–protein–humic acid mixtures on polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membranes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Membrane Bioreactor: Novel Processes and Their Major Drawbacks. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, different types of alternative technologies have been developed and used for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. Specifically, membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been employed to relegate pollutants contained in POME under different operating conditions, and the technology was found to be promising. The major challenge impeding the wider application of this technology is membrane fouling, which usually attracts high operating energy and running cost. In this regard, novel methods of mitigating membrane fouling through the treatment processes have been developed. Therefore, this review article specifically focuses on the recent treatment processes of POME using MBR, with particular emphasis on innovative processes conditions such as aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid processing as well as their performance in relation to fouling minimization. Furthermore, the effects of sonication and thermophilic and mesophilic conditions on membrane blockage were critically reviewed. The types of foulants and fouling mechanism as influenced by different operating conditions were also analyzed censoriously.
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Yi X, Tran NH, Yin T, He Y, Gin KYH. Removal of selected PPCPs, EDCs, and antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate by a full-scale constructed wetlands system. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 121:46-60. [PMID: 28511040 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate could be a significant source of emerging contaminants (ECs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment. This study provides the first information on the occurrence of selected ECs and ARGs in raw leachate from 16-year old closed landfill site in Singapore. Among the investigated ECs, acetaminophen (ACT), bisphenol A (BPA), clofibric acid (CA), caffeine (CF), crotamiton (CTMT), diclofenac (DCF), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), gemfibrozil (GFZ), lincomycin (LIN), salicylic acid (SA), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were the most frequently detected compounds in raw landfill leachate. The concentrations of detected ECs in raw landfill leachate varied significantly, from below quantification limit to 473,977 ng/L, depending on the compound. In this study, Class I integron (intl1) gene and ten ARGs were detected in raw landfill leachate. Sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2, and dfrA), aminoglycoside resistance (aac6), tetracycline resistance (tetO), quinolone resistance (qnrA), and intl1 were ubiquitously present in raw landfill leachate. Other resistance genes, such as beta-lactam resistance (blaNMD1, blaKPC, and blaCTX) and macrolide-lincosamide resistance (ermB) were also detected, detection frequency of <50%. The removal of target ECs and ARGs by a full-scale hybrid constructed wetland (CW) was also evaluated. The vast majority of ECs exhibited excellent removal efficiencies (>90%) in the investigated hybrid CW system. This hybrid CW system was also found to be effective in the reduction of several ARGs (intl1, sul1, sul2, and qnrA). Aeration lagoons and reed beds appeared to be the most important treatment units of the hybrid CW for removing the majority of ECs from the leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Yi
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Ngoc Han Tran
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
| | - Tingru Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab Building, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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11
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Gao Y, Ma D, Yue Q, Gao B, Huang X. Effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on MBR performance and effluent trihalomethane formation: At the initial stage of PAC addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:838-844. [PMID: 27318162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the MBR was used to treat municipal wastewater for reuse. Effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on MBR system in terms of effluent water quality, trihalomethane (THM) formation and membrane organic fouling tendency of MBR sludge supernatant at the initial stage of PAC addition were investigated. Effects of chlorine dose and contact time on THM formation and speciation were also studied. PAC addition enhanced the removal of organic matters, especially aromatic components, which improved the UV254 removal rate from 34% to 83%. PAC addition greatly reduced the membrane organic fouling tendency of MBR sludge supernatant. PAC addition reduced the MBR effluent trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) from 351.29 to 241.95μg/L, while increased THM formation reactivity by 42%. PAC addition enhanced the formation of higher toxic bromine-containing THMs. High chlorine dose and contact time resulted in higher THM formation but lower proportion of bromine-containing THMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Defang Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan 250100, China.
| | - Xia Huang
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Woo YC, Lee JJ, Shim WG, Shon HK, Tijing LD, Yao M, Kim HS. Effect of powdered activated carbon on integrated submerged membrane bioreactor-nanofiltration process for wastewater reclamation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 210:18-25. [PMID: 26879205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on the overall performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) system integrated with nanofiltration (NF) for wastewater reclamation. It was found that the trans-membrane pressure of SMBR increased continuously while that of the SMBR with PAC was more stable, mainly because water could still pass through the PACs and membrane even though foulants adhered on the PAC surface. The presence of PAC was able to mitigate fouling in SMBR as well as in NF. SMBR-NF with PAC obtained a higher flux of 8.1 LMH compared to that without PAC (6.6 LMH). In addition, better permeate quality was obtained with SMBR-NF integrated process added with PAC. The present results suggest that the addition of PAC in integrated SMBR-NF process could possibly lead to satisfying water quality and can be operated for a long-term duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chul Woo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jeong Jun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-Ro, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeounggi-Do 449-728, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang-Geun Shim
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Leonard D Tijing
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Minwei Yao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Han-Seung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-Ro, Cheoin-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeounggi-Do 449-728, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Wang F, Gao B, Ma D, Li R, Sun S, Yue Q, Wang Y, Li Q. Effects of operating conditions on trihalomethanes formation and speciation during chloramination in reclaimed water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1576-1583. [PMID: 26377970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a hybrid powdered activated carbon-membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) system was used to treat municipal wastewater in northern China intended for recycle. In order to control microbiological hazards in PAC-MBR effluent, chloramine was chosen as the disinfectant which could reduce the disinfection by-product yields. Effects of reaction time, chloramines dose, pH value, and bromide ion concentration on trihalomethanes (THMs) formation and speciation during chloramination of the reclaimed effluent were investigated. Study results indicated that the yield of total THMs (TTHM) increased at higher reaction time and chloramines dose. The trend of growth showed that slow reacting precursors were the main components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in PAC-MBR effluent. THMs formation potential of PAC-MBR effluent achieved the maximum at chloramines dosage of 20 mg/L. Meanwhile, THMs formation was enhanced evidently under alkaline conditions. The yields of THMs species were in following order: CHCl3 > CHBrCl2 > CHBr2Cl > CHBr3, although in different reaction time, chloramines dose, and pH value. Furthermore, the formation of Br-THMs was promoted by the increasing concentration of bromide ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China.
| | - Defang Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Shenglei Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji' nan, 250100, China
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Basu S, Kaushik A, Saranya P, Batra VS, Balakrishnan M. High strength distillery wastewater treatment by a PAC-MBR with low PAC dosage. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1104-1111. [PMID: 26942533 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Augmentation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with activated carbon is established to offer several operational advantages. This work investigates the influence of low dosing (2 g/L) of powdered activated carbons (PACs) with different characteristics on the performance of MBR treating high strength molasses distillery wastewater containing difficult-to-biodegrade recalcitrant components. Two MBRs, augmented with different PACs, were operated in parallel over a period of 240 days and their performance monitored in terms of biomass growth, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), sludge properties like extracellular polymeric substances content, filterability, and morphology. Removal of organics and coloring matter by adsorption, biodegradation and membrane filtration was estimated. Although adsorptive removal of color and COD is influenced by the properties of the PAC used, the performance of the PAC-MBRs was independent of PAC properties. Both PACs preferentially adsorbed the low molecular weight components in distillery wastewater. Retention by the membrane filter with the secondary cake layer contributed to reduction in color and COD of treated effluent. The findings indicate that low dosing with PAC adsorbing low molecular weight organics has a limited role in PAC-MBR treating distillery wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Basu
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Ankita Kaushik
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - P Saranya
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Vidya S Batra
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
| | - Malini Balakrishnan
- The Energy & Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, Darbari Seth Block, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110 003, India E-mail:
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15
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Hawari AH, Du F, Baune M, Thöming J. A fouling suppression system in submerged membrane bioreactors using dielectrophoretic forces. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 29:139-145. [PMID: 25766022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel method was developed to suppress membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactors. The method is based on the dielectrophoretic (DEP) motion of particles in an inhomogeneous electrical field. Using a real sample of biomass as feed, the fouling-suppression performance using DEP with different electrical field intensities (60-160 V) and different frequencies (50-1000 Hz) was investigated. The fouling-suppression performance was found to relate closely with the intensity and frequency of the electrical field. A stronger electrical field was found to better recover the filtrate flux. This is because of a stronger DEP force acting on the biomass particles close to the membrane's surface. Above an intensity and frequency value of 130 V and 1 kHz, respectively the permeate flux was reduced due to an electrothermal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| | - Fei Du
- Center of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., D 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Baune
- Center of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., D 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Center of Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str., D 28359 Bremen, Germany
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16
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Ma D, Gao B, Wang Y, Yue Q, Li Q. Factors affecting trihalomethane formation and speciation during chlorination of reclaimed water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2015; 72:616-622. [PMID: 26247761 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2015.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid process with membrane bioreactor (MBR) and powdered activated carbon (PAC), PAC/MBR, was used for real municipal wastewater treatment and reuse. The roles of chlorine dose, contact time, pH and bromide in trihalomethane (THM) formation and speciation during chlorination of the reclaimed water were investigated. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) yield exponentially increased to maximum with increasing chlorine dose (correlation coefficient R2=0.98). Prolonging substrate chlorine contact time significantly promoted TTHM formation. Less than 40% of THMs formed in the first 24 h, indicating that the PAC/MBR effluent organic matters were mostly composed of slow-reacting precursors. Increasing pH and bromide concentration facilitated THM formation. Higher chlorine dose and contact time enhanced chloro-THM formation. The bromo-THM formation was favored at near neutral condition. Despite the variation of chlorine dose, contact time and pH, the yield of THM species in order was usually CHCl3>CHBrCl2>CHBr2Cl>CHBr3. However, THM speciation shifted from chlorinated species to brominated species with increasing bromide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China E-mail: ;
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China E-mail: ;
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China E-mail: ;
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China E-mail: ;
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China E-mail: ;
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17
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Ma D, Gao Y, Gao B, Wang Y, Yue Q, Li Q. Impacts of powdered activated carbon addition on trihalomethane formation reactivity of dissolved organic matter in membrane bioreactor effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:338-344. [PMID: 25150685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Characteristics and trihalomethane (THM) formation reactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in effluents from two membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with and without powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition (referred to as PAC/MBR and MBR, respectively) were examined to investigate the effects of PAC addition on THM formation of MBR effluent during chlorination. PAC addition increased the specific UV absorbance. Hydrophobic DOM especially hydrophobic acids in PAC/MBR effluent (50%) were more than MBR effluent (42%). DOM with molecular weight <1 kDa constituted 12% of PAC/MBR effluent DOM, which was less than that of MBR effluent (16%). Data obtained from excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that PAC/MBR effluent DOM contained more simple aromatic protein, but had less fulvic acid-like and soluble microbial by-product-like. PAC addition reduced the formation of bromine-containing THMs during chlorination of effluents, but increased THM formation reactivity of effluent DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
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18
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Ma D, Gao B, Xia C, Wang Y, Yue Q, Li Q. Effects of sludge retention times on reactivity of effluent dissolved organic matter for trihalomethane formation in hybrid powdered activated carbon membrane bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:381-388. [PMID: 24929809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, real municipal wastewater intended for reuse was treated by two identical hybrid PAC/MBRs (membrane bioreactors with powdered activated carbon addition), which were operated at sludge retention times (SRTs) of 30 and 180 days, respectively. In order to investigate the effects of SRT on trihalomethane (THM) formation in chlorinated PAC/MBR effluents, characteristics and THM formation reactivity of effluent dissolved organic matter (EfOM) at different SRTs were examined. PAC/MBR-180 had higher level of EfOM, which contained less simple aromatic proteins and exhibited lower specific UV absorbance. EfOM with molecular weight <5 kDa from PAC/MBR-30 (23%) was lower than PAC/MBR-180 (26%). About 50% of EfOM from PAC/MBR-30 was hydrophobic acids, which was higher than that from PAC/MBR-180 (about 36%). EfOM at SRT 180 days exhibited higher hydrophilicity. Prolonging SRT greatly reduced THM formation reactivity of EfOM, but increased the formation of bromine-containing species during chlorination of PAC/MBR effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China.
| | - Chufan Xia
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
| | - Qian Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, China
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19
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Enhancement of removal of trace organic contaminants by powdered activated carbon dosing into membrane bioreactors. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Hu J, Shang R, Deng H, Heijman SGJ, Rietveld LC. Effect of PAC dosage in a pilot-scale PAC-MBR treating micro-polluted surface water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:290-296. [PMID: 24412856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To address the water scarcity issue and advance the traditional drinking water treatment technique, a powdered activated carbon-amended membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) is proposed for micro-polluted surface water treatment. A pilot-scale study was carried out by initially dosing different amounts of PAC into the MBR. Comparative results showed that 2g/L performed the best among 0, 1, 2 and 3g/L PAC-MBR regarding organic matter and ammonia removal as well as membrane flux sustainability. 1g/L PAC-MBR exhibited a marginal improvement in pollutant removal compared to the non-PAC system. The accumulation of organic matter in the bulk mixture of 3g/L PAC-MBR led to poorer organic removal and severer membrane fouling. Molecular weight distribution of the bulk liquid in 2g/L PAC-MBR revealed the synergistic effects of PAC adsorption/biodegradation and membrane rejection on organic matter removal. Additionally, a lower amount of soluble extracellular polymer substances in the bulk can be secured in 21 days operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Hu
- Delft University of Technology, P. O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Ran Shang
- Delft University of Technology, P. O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai, China
| | | | - Luuk C Rietveld
- Delft University of Technology, P. O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
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21
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Jeong S, Naidu G, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor as a pretreatment in seawater desalination for biofouling control. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:57-64. [PMID: 23385157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Submerged membrane adsorption bioreactor (SMABR) was investigated as a pretreatment to reverse osmosis (RO). SMABR removed organic matter by adsorption and biological degradation. At a powder activated carbon (PAC) residence time of 66 d (1.5% of PAC replacement daily), higher organic removal was achieved with removal of a majority of biopolymers (94-97%) and humics (71-76%). A continuous MBR operation with the optimal PAC residence time of 66 d was conducted and compared with MBR with no PAC replenishment in terms of the removal of organic and microbes. High removal of organics of up to 72% was maintained with only a marginal increment of trans-membrane pressure and stable bioactivity (total cell number and adenosine tri-phosphate) during the 50d of operation. The SMABR was found to be a sustainable biological pretreatment to RO with only a small amount of PAC requirement (2.14 g of PAC/m(3) of seawater treated).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Jeong
- Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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22
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Han ZS, Tian JY, Liang H, Ma J, Yu HR, Li K, Ding A, Li GB. Measuring the activity of heterotrophic microorganism in membrane bioreactor for drinking water treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 130:136-143. [PMID: 23306121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify the activity of heterotrophic microorganism in membrane bioreactor (MBR) for drinking water treatment, biomass respiration potential (BRP) test and 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride-dehydrogenase activity (TTC-DHA) test were introduced and modified. A sludge concentration ratio of 5:1, incubation time of 2h, an incubation temperature that was close to the real operational temperature, and using a mixture of main AOC components as the substrate were adopted as the optimum parameters for determination of DHA in drinking water MBR. A remarkable consistency among BDOC removal, BRP and DHA for assessing biological performance in different MBRs was achieved. Moreover, a significant correlation between the BRP and DHA results of different MBRs was obtained. However, the TTC-DHA test was expected to be inaccurate for quantifying the biomass activity in membrane adsorption bioreactor (MABR), while the BRP test turned out to be still feasible in that case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
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23
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24
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25
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Removal of Pharmaceuticals by Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62657-8.00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Li X, Hai FI, Nghiem LD. Simultaneous activated carbon adsorption within a membrane bioreactor for an enhanced micropollutant removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5319-24. [PMID: 21145232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Significant adsorption of sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine to powdered activated carbon (PAC) was confirmed by a series of adsorption tests. In contrast, adsorption of these micropollutants to the sludge was negligible. The removal of these compounds in membrane bioreactor (MBR) was dependent on their hydrophobicity and loading as well as the PAC dosage. Sulfamethoxazole exhibited better removal rate during operation under no or low (0.1g/L) PAC dosage. When the PAC concentration in MBR was raised to 1.0 g/L, a sustainable and significantly improved performance in the removal of both compounds was observed - the removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine increased to 82 ± 11% and 92 ± 15% from the levels of 64 ± 7%, and negligible removal, respectively. The higher removal efficiency of carbamazepine at high (1.0 g/L) PAC dosage could be attributed to the fact that carbamazepine is relatively more hydrophobic than sulfamethoxazole, which subsequently resulted in its higher adsorption affinity toward PAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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27
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Navaratna D, Jegatheesan V. Implications of short and long term critical flux experiments for laboratory-scale MBR operations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:5361-5369. [PMID: 21277768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the critical flux obtained by different techniques including tests with different flux step lengths (20 and 40 min and 7 days) and modes of operation (continuous and intermittent) under low and high MLSS concentrations. The paper also analyses a couple of long-term tests (flow rate of 40 and 20 L/day) to obtain the time required to reach the critical flux experimentally and compares those values with the results obtained numerically from a mathematical model. It was found that intermittent mode with membrane relaxation was useful in controlling the fouling of membrane and in restoring the membrane from fouling at lower MLSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimuth Navaratna
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
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28
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Zahid WM, El-Shafai SA. Use of cloth-media filter for membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:2193-2198. [PMID: 20965722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Revised: 09/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated three different textile materials (Acrylate, Polyester, and Nylon) as filter media for MBR treating municipal wastewater. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates were 1.71, 1.65 and 1.84 g/l d while feed/microorganisms (F/M) ratios were 0.32, 0.31 and 0.33 in Reactor 1, Reactor 2 and Reactor 3, respectively. The actual hydraulic retention times were 8.6, 8.9 and 8.0 h in R1, R2 and R3. At 5.3-5.5 g/l mixed liquor suspended (MLSS) and 26.3 days solid retention time (SRT) the membrane bioreactors were effective in removing 93-95% of COD, 99% of total suspended solids (TSS) and turbidity, 89-94% of total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and 90-96% of total ammonia nitrogen. Phosphorous removal was limited to 51-55% while faecal coliform was reduced by four logs. Quality of the treated effluents met both Saudi and Egyptian reuse standards for restricted irrigation and could be easily disinfected to meet the unrestricted irrigation standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Zahid
- Prince Khalid Bin Sultan Chair for Water Research, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Yang XL, Song HL, Lu JL, Fu DF, Cheng B. Influence of diatomite addition on membrane fouling and performance in a submerged membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:9178-9184. [PMID: 20685114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined the effect of diatomite addition on membrane fouling and process performance in an anoxic/oxic submerged membrane bioreactor (A/O MBR). Particle size distribution, molecular weight distribution and microbial activity have been investigated to characterize the sludge mixed liquor. Results show that diatomite addition is a reliable and effective approach in terms of both membrane fouling mitigation and pollutants removal improvement. The MBR system with diatomite addition of 50 mg/L enhanced the removal of COD, TN and TP by 0.9%, 6.9% and 31.2%, respectively, as compared to the control MBR (without diatomite addition). The NH(4)-N removal always maintained at a high level of over 98% irrespective of diatomite addition. Due to the hybrid effect of adsorption and co-precipitation on fine colloids and dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the addition of diatomite, a reduction in foulants amount, an increase in microbial floc size and an improvement in sludge settleability have been achieved simultaneously. As a result, the membrane fouling rate was mitigated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
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30
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Bani-Melhem K, Elektorowicz M. Development of a novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR): performance for fouling reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3298-3304. [PMID: 20355694 DOI: 10.1021/es902145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR) was developed to treat wastewater and control the problem of membrane fouling. To validate the new design, experimental work was achieved in a few phases. This paper describes the design constraints and criteria of the new developed SMEBR system, and shows the results of the performance of the SMEBR system to reduce membrane fouling when intermittent direct current (DC) (15 min ON/45 min OFF) was applied using cylindrical iron mesh for both electrodes. Application of the SMEBR system enhanced the membrane filterability by reducing the fouling rate up to 16.3% without any backwashing of the membrane module. The improvement in membrane filterability associated with a decrease in zeta potential of the mixed liquor flocs from -30.5 up to -15.3 mV and a decrease in specific resistance to filtration (SRF) up to 40% was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bani-Melhem
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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31
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Tadkaew N, Sivakumar M, Khan SJ, McDonald JA, Nghiem LD. Effect of mixed liquor pH on the removal of trace organic contaminants in a membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1494-1500. [PMID: 19864128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted over approximately 7 months to investigate the effects of mixed liquor pH (between pH 5 and 9) on the removal of trace organics by a submerged MBR system. Removal efficiencies of ionisable trace organics (sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac) were strongly pH dependent. However, the underlying removal mechanisms are different for ionisable and non-ionisable compounds. High removal efficiencies of these ionisable trace organics at pH 5 could possibly be attributed to their speciation behaviour. At this pH, these compounds exist predominantly in their hydrophobic form. Consequently, they could readily adsorb to the activated sludge, resulting in higher removal efficiency in comparison to under less acidic conditions in the reactor. Removal efficiencies of the two non-ionisable compounds bisphenol A and carbamazepine were relatively independent of the mixed liquor pH. Results reported here suggest an apparent connection between physicochemical properties of the compounds and their removal efficiencies by MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichanan Tadkaew
- School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia
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Tian JY, Chen ZL, Yang YL, Liang H, Nan J, Wang ZZ, Li GB. Hybrid process of BAC and sMBR for treating polluted raw water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:6243-6249. [PMID: 19682892 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid process of biological activated carbon (BAC) and submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) was evaluated for the drinking water treatment from polluted raw water, with the respective hydraulic retention time of 0.5 h. The results confirmed the synergetic effects between the BAC and the subsequent sMBR. A moderate amount of ammonium (54.5%) was decreased in the BAC; while the total removal efficiency was increased to 89.8% after the further treatment by the sMBR. In the hybrid process, adsorption of granular activated carbon (in BAC), two stages of biodegradation (in BAC and sMBR), and separation by the membrane (in sMBR) jointly contributed to the removal of organic matter. As a result, the hybrid process managed to eliminate influent DOC, UV(254), COD(Mn), TOC, BDOC and AOC by 26.3%, 29.9%, 22.8%, 27.8%, 57.2% and 49.3%, respectively. Due to the pre-treatment effect of BAC, the membrane fouling in the downstream sMBR was substantially mitigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Satyawali Y, Balakrishnan M. Performance enhancement with powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating distillery effluent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 170:457-465. [PMID: 19467782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of powdered activated carbon (PAC) addition on the operation of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating sugarcane molasses based distillery wastewater (spentwash). The 8L reactor was equipped with a submerged 30 microm nylon mesh filter with 0.05 m(2) filtration area. Detailed characterization of the commercial wood charcoal based PAC was performed before using it in the MBR. The MBR was operated over 200 days at organic loading rates (OLRs) varying from 4.2 to 6.9 kg m(-3)d(-1). PAC addition controlled the reactor foaming during start up and enhanced the critical flux by around 23%; it also prolonged the duration between filter cleaning. Operation at higher loading rates was possible and for a given OLR, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was higher with PAC addition. However, biodegradation in the reactor was limited and the high molecular weight compounds were not affected by PAC supplementation. The functional groups on PAC appear to interact with the polysaccharide portion of the sludge, which may reduce its propensity to interact with the nylon mesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Satyawali
- TERI University, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India
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Ngo HH, Guo W. Membrane fouling control and enhanced phosphorus removal in an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor using modified green bioflocculant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4289-4291. [PMID: 19380224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at developing a modified green bioflocculant (GBF) for membrane fouling control and enhanced phosphorus removal in a conventional aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) to treat a high strength domestic wastewater (primary sewage treated effluent) for reuse. The GBF was evaluated based on long-term operation of a lab-scale SMBR. These results showed that SMBR system could achieve nearly zero membrane fouling at a very low dose of GBF addition (500 mg/day) with less backwash frequency (2 times/day with 2-min duration). The transmembrane pressure only increased by 2.5 kPa after 70 days of operation. The SMBR could also remove more than 95% and 99.5% dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus, respectively. From the respiration tests, it was evident that GBF not only had no negative impact on biomass but also led to high oxygen uptake rate (OUR) (>30 mg O(2)/L h) and stable specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR). These results also indicated that GBF had no effect on nitrogen removal and nitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu-Hao Ngo
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Prip Beier S, Jonsson G. A vibrating membrane bioreactor (VMBR): Macromolecular transmission—influence of extracellular polymeric substances. Chem Eng Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Choi C, Lee J, Lee K, Kim M. The effects on operation conditions of sludge retention time and carbon/nitrogen ratio in an intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor (IAMBR). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:5397-5401. [PMID: 18178078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor (IAMBR) system has been developed to improve the efficiency of nutrient removal, and for the stable treatment of organic matter which is contained as suspended solid (SS) in the influent. The important operating factors of an intermittently aerated bioreactor (IABR) are sludge retention times (SRTs) and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Because research on IAMBR is young, this paper explores the effect of SRTs and C/N ratios on these systems. For SRTs of 20, 25, 30, and 40 days, there was little difference in the removal of COD, T-N, and T-P. In comparing C/N ratios of 4.5, 7, and 10, the COD concentration in permeate with a C/N ratio of 10 was most stable, although the concentration of organic matter in the influent was high. The removal efficiencies of T-N and T-P in permeate with a C/N ratio of 10 were the highest at 92.9% and 88.9%, respectively. This implies that a C/N ratio above 10 should be maintained for a nutrient removal efficiency of approximately 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkyoo Choi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi 425-791, Republic of Korea
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