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Shen Y, Miao C, Ma M, Zhen Z, He J, Pei X, Zhang Y, Man C, Zhao Q, Jiang Y. Mechanistic insights into the changes of biological activity and physicochemical characteristics in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei fortified milk powder during storage. Food Chem 2024; 452:139501. [PMID: 38728887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the change mechanism of biological activity and physicochemical characteristics in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JY025 fortified milk powder (LFMP) during storage, morphological observation, JY025 survival, storage stability, and metabolomics of LFMP were determined during the storage period in this study. The results showed that the LFMP had a higher survival rate of JY025 compared with the bacterial powder of JY025 (LBP) during storage, which suggested that milk powder matrix could reduce strain JY025 mortality under prolonged storage in the LFMP samples. The fortification of strain JY025 also affected the stability of milk powder during the storage period. There was lower water activity and higher glass transition temperature in LFMP samples compared with blank control milk powder (BCMP) during storage. Moreover, the metabolomics results of LFMP indicated that vitamin degradation, Maillard reaction, lipid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and lactobacilli metabolism are interrelated and influence each other to create complicated metabolism networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zizhu Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhehaote 010000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pei
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Huhehaote 010000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qianyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe, Henan 462300, China.
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Ma D, Qiu L, Wang X, Li L, Peng S, Liao Y, Li K. L-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus fermentum C6: Enzymatic characteristics and its recombinant Bacillus subtilis whole cells achieving a significantly increased production of D-tagatose. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134753. [PMID: 39147336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) is a functional enzyme for the isomerizing of D-galactose to produce D-tagatose. In this study, L-AI-C6-encoding gene from the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum C6 was cloned and expressed in Bacillus subtilis WB600 for investigating enzymatic characteristics and bioconverting D-tagatose by means of whole-cell catalysis. Results showed that the engineered B. subtilis WB600-pMA5-LAI achieved a maximum specific activity of L-AI-C6 (232.65 ± 15.54 U/mg protein) under cultivation in LB medium at 28 °C for 40 h. The recombinant L-AI-C6 was purified, and enzymatic characteristics test showed its optimum reaction temperature and pH at 60 °C and 8.0, respectively. In addition, L-AI-C6 exhibited good stability within the pH range of 5.5-9.0. By using B. subtilis WB600-pMA5-LAI cells as whole-cell catalyst, the highest D-tagatose yield reached 42.91 ± 0.28 % with D-galactose as substrate, which was 2.41 times that of L. fermentum C6 (17.79 ± 0.11 %). This suggested that the cloning and heterologous expression of L-AI-C6 was an effective strategy for improving D-tagatose conversion by whole-cell catalysis. In brief, the present study demonstrated that the reaction temperature, pH, and stability of L-AI-C6 from L. fermentum C6 meet the demands of industrial application, and the constructed B. subtilis WB600-pMA5-LAI shows promising potential for the whole-cell biotransformation of D-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Lu Qiu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Agriculture Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Lilang Li
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Shuaiying Peng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yan Liao
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Kuntai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology of Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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Zhao R, Chen Z, Liang J, Dou J, Guo F, Xu Z, Wang T. Advances in Genetic Tools and Their Application in Streptococcus thermophilus. Foods 2023; 12:3119. [PMID: 37628118 PMCID: PMC10453384 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is a traditional starter. Nowadays, key aspects of S. thermophilus physiology have been revealed concerning the phenotypic traits relevant for industrial applications, including sugar metabolism, protein hydrolysis, and the production of important metabolites that affect the sensory properties of fermented foods as well as the original cooperation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Moreover, significant advances have been made in the synthetic biology toolbox of S. thermophilus based on technological advances in the genome and its sequencing and synthesis. In this review, we discuss the recently developed toolbox for S. thermophilus, including gene expression toolsets (promoters, terminators, plasmids, etc.) and genome editing tools. It can be used for both functionalized foods and therapeutic molecules for consumers. The availability of new molecular tools, including the genome editing toolbox, has facilitated the engineering of physiological studies of S. thermophilus and the generation of strains with improved technical and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zouquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jiaxin Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China; (R.Z.); (Z.C.); (J.L.); (J.D.); (F.G.); (T.W.)
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
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Shi M, Mathai ML, Xu G, Su XQ, McAinch AJ. The effect of dietary supplementation with blueberry, cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside, yoghurt and its peptides on gene expression associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle obtained from a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet induced obesity model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270306. [PMID: 36112580 PMCID: PMC9481010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a leading global health problem contributing to various chronic diseases, including type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate whether blueberries, yoghurt, and their respective bioactive components, Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) and peptides alone or in combinations, alter the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles from diet-induced obese mice. In extensor digitorum longus (EDL), yoghurt up-regulated the expression of activation of 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and down-regulated the expression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR-1). The combination of blueberries and yoghurt down-regulated the mRNA expression of AGTR-1 and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in the EDL. Whereas the combination of C3G and peptides down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression in the EDL. In the soleus, blueberries and yoghurt alone, and their combination down-regulated AGTR-1 and up-regulated GLUT4 mRNA expression. In summary blueberries and yoghurt, regulated multiple genes associated with glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles, and therefore may play a role in the management and prevention of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael L. Mathai
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Guoqin Xu
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Sports and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Q. Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Zhao JC, Mu YL, Gu XY, Xu XN, Guo TT, Kong J. Site-directed mutation of β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus for galactooligosaccharide-enriched yogurt making. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:940-949. [PMID: 34955252 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase is one of the most important enzymes used in dairy processing. It converts lactose into glucose and galactose, and also catalyzes galactose to form galactooligosaccharides (GOS), so-called prebiotics. However, most of the β-galactosidases from the starter cultures have low transgalactosylation activities, the process that results in galactose accumulation in yogurt. Here, a site-directed mutation strategy was attempted, to genetically modify β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus. Out of 28 Strep. thermophilus strains, a β-galactosidase gene named bgaQ, encoded for high β-galactosidase hydrolysis activity (BgaQ), was cloned from the strain Strep. thermophilus SDMCC050237. It was 3,081 bp in size, with 1,027 deduced amino acid residuals, which belonged to the GH2 family. After replacing the Tyr801 and Pro802 around the active sites of BgaQ with His801 and Gly802, the GOS synthesis of the generated mutant protein BgaQ-8012 increased from 20.5% to 26.7% at 5% lactose, and no hydrolysis activity altered obviously. Subsequently, the purified BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 was added to sterilized milk inoculated with 2 starters from Strep. thermophilus SDMCC050237 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC11842. The GOS yields with added BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 rose to 5.8 and 8.3 g/L, respectively, compared with a yield of 3.7 g/L without enzymes added. Meanwhile, the addition of the BgaQ or BgaQ-8012 reduced the lactose content by 49.3% and 54.4% in the fermented yogurt and shortened the curd time. Therefore, this study provided a site-directed mutation strategy for improvement of the transgalactosylation activity of β-galactosidase from Strep. thermophilus for GOS-enriched yogurt making.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Y L Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - X Y Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - X N Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - T T Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - J Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
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Reagentless D-Tagatose Biosensors Based on the Oriented Immobilization of Fructose Dehydrogenase onto Coated Gold Nanoparticles- or Reduced Graphene Oxide-Modified Surfaces: Application in a Prototype Bioreactor. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11110466. [PMID: 34821682 PMCID: PMC8615923 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As electrode nanomaterials, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) and modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to design bioelectrocatalytic systems for reliable D-tagatose monitoring in a long-acting bioreactor where the valuable sweetener D-tagatose was enzymatically produced from a dairy by-product D-galactose. For this goal D-fructose dehydrogenase (FDH) from Gluconobacter industrius immobilized on these electrode nanomaterials by forming three amperometric biosensors: AuNPs coated with 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (AuNP/4-MBA/FDH) or AuNPs coated with 4-aminothiophenol (AuNP/PATP/FDH) monolayer, and a layer of TRGO on graphite (TRGO/FDH) were created. The immobilized FDH due to changes in conformation and spatial orientation onto proposed electrode surfaces catalyzes a direct D-tagatose oxidation reaction. The highest sensitivity for D-tagatose of 0.03 ± 0.002 μA mM−1cm−2 was achieved using TRGO/FDH. The TRGO/FDH was applied in a prototype bioreactor for the quantitative evaluation of bioconversion of D-galactose into D-tagatose by L-arabinose isomerase. The correlation coefficient between two independent analyses of the bioconversion mixture: spectrophotometric and by the biosensor was 0.9974. The investigation of selectivity showed that the biosensor was not active towards D-galactose as a substrate. Operational stability of the biosensor indicated that detection of D-tagatose could be performed during six hours without loss of sensitivity.
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Wu J, Xin Y, Kong J, Guo T. Genetic tools for the development of recombinant lactic acid bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:118. [PMID: 34147119 PMCID: PMC8214781 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a phylogenetically diverse group with the ability to convert soluble carbohydrates into lactic acid. Many LAB have a long history of safe use in fermented foods and are recognized as food-grade microorganisms. LAB are also natural inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and have beneficial effects on health. Considering these properties, LAB have potential applications as biotherapeutic vehicles to delivery cytokines, antigens and other medicinal molecules. In this review, we summarize the development of, and advances in, genome manipulation techniques for engineering LAB and the expected future development of such genetic tools. These methods are crucial for us to maximize the value of LAB. We also discuss applications of the genome-editing tools in enhancing probiotic characteristics and therapeutic functionalities of LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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Biotechnological production of d-tagatose from lactose using metabolically engineering Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mu Y, Xin Y, Guo T, Kong J. Identification and characterization of a moonlighting protein-enolase for surface display in Streptococcus thermophilus. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:132. [PMID: 32552809 PMCID: PMC7301973 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus thermophilus is an important food starter and receiving more attention to serve as cell factories for production of high-valued metabolites. However, the low yields of intracellular or extracellular expression of biotechnological and biomedical proteins limit its practical applications. Results Here, an enolase EnoM was identified from S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179 with about 94% identities to the surface-located enolases from other Streptococcus spp. strains. The EnoM was used as an anchor to achieve surface display in S. thermophilus using GFP as a reporter. After respectively mixing the GFP-EnoM fusion protein or GFP with S. thermophilus cells in vitro, the relative fluorescence units (RFU) of the S. thermophilus cells with GFP-EnoM was 80-folds higher than that with purified GFP. The sharp decrease in the RFU of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pretreated cells compared to those of non-pretreated cells demonstrated that the membrane proteins were the binding ligand of EnoM. Furthermore, an engineered β-galactosidase (β-Gal) was also successfully displayed on the cell surface of S. thermophilus CGMCC7.179 and the relative activity of the immobilized β-Gal remained up to 64% after reused 8 times. Finally, we also demonstrated that EnoM could be used as an anchor for surface display in L. casei, L. bulgaricus, L. lactis and Leuconostoc lactis. Conclusion To our knowledge, EnoM from S. thermophilus was firstly identified as an anchor and successfully achieved surface display in LAB. The EnoM-based surface display system provided a novel strategy for the enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Dadao, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China.
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de Sousa M, Silva Gurgel B, Pessela BC, Gonçalves LRB. Preparation of CLEAs and magnetic CLEAs of a recombinant l-arabinose isomerase for d-tagatose synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 138:109566. [PMID: 32527533 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insolubilization of a recombinant l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) from Enterococcus faecium by cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) was investigated, aiming the biochemical production of d-tagatose from d-galactose. d-tagatose is a functional sweetener that has many health benefits, sweetening properties and lower calorific value. Different precipitants (ammonium sulfate, ethanol, acetone, polyethylene glycol 4000) were used in the first step of the protocol, in order to establish the precipitation conditions, and the best results of yield and activity were achieved with ammonium sulfate. In order to facilitate the recovery of the biocatalyst, a new strategy for immobilization of the multimeric enzyme l-arabinose isomerase was proposed. Magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (m-CLEA) were obtained using ammonium sulfate as precipitant and magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) functionalized with APTES (3- Aminopropyltriethoxysilane). Another immobilization strategy was to immobilize the enzyme onto MNP-APTES, as a control. The best results were achieved when the m-CLEA was produced with 20 mg of MNP, 7.69 U. g-1 of enzymatic activity, 7.61 % of recovered activity, 99 % of yield of immobilization. On the other hand, the enzyme immobilized onto MNP-APTES, presented only 2.12 U. g-1 of enzymatic activity, 32.3 % of recovered activity, and 15 % of yield of immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marylane de Sousa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Silva Gurgel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Research in Food Sciences, CIAL, Higher Council for Scientific Research, CSIC, C / Nicolás Cabrera 9, UAM Campus, Madrid, Spain; Department of Engineering and Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Sciences and Technology, Av. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona, Luanda, Angola.
| | - Luciana R B Gonçalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Campus do Pici, BL 709, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Markakiou S, Gaspar P, Johansen E, Zeidan AA, Neves AR. Harnessing the metabolic potential of Streptococcus thermophilus for new biotechnological applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 61:142-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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Xiao Y, Chen Q, Guang C, Zhang W, Mu W. An overview on biological production of functional lactose derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3683-3691. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Roy S, Chikkerur J, Roy SC, Dhali A, Kolte AP, Sridhar M, Samanta AK. Tagatose as a Potential Nutraceutical: Production, Properties, Biological Roles, and Applications. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2699-2709. [PMID: 30334250 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are gaining importance owing to their potential applications in numerous sectors including food and feed industries. Among the emerging nutraceuticals, d-tagatose occupies a significant niche because of its low calorific value, antidiabetic property and growth promoting effects on beneficial gut bacteria. As d-tagatose is present in minute quantities in naturally occurring food substances, it is produced mainly by chemical or biological means. Recently, attempts were made for bio-production of d-tagatose using l-arabinose isomerase enzyme to overcome the challenges of chemical process of production. Applications of d-tagatose for maintaining health and wellbeing are increasing due to growing consumer awareness and apprehension against modern therapeutic agents. This review outlines the current status on d-tagatose, particularly its production, properties, biological role, applications, and the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaram Chikkerur
- Jain Univ., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudhir Chandra Roy
- Molecular Biology Unit, ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Arindam Dhali
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Atul Puroshtam Kolte
- Omics Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Manpal Sridhar
- BE & ES Div., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashis Kumar Samanta
- Feed Additives & Nutraceuticals Lab., ICAR-NIANP, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bengaluru - 560 030, Karnataka, India
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Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. l -arabinose isomerases: Characteristics, modification, and application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Guo Q, An Y, Yun J, Yang M, Magocha TA, Zhu J, Xue Y, Qi Y, Hossain Z, Sun W, Qi X. Enhanced d-tagatose production by spore surface-displayed l-arabinose isomerase from isolated Lactobacillus brevis PC16 and biotransformation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 247:940-946. [PMID: 30060433 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a new strain of Lactobacillus brevis producing d-tagatose was isolated and identified. Then, the l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) of this strain was displayed on the spore surface of Bacillus subtilis DB403 by using an anchoring protein CotG and a peptide linker (Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser). This displayed L-AI with high specific activity and stability was used as a novel immobilized biocatalyst for producing d-tagatose through batch and semi-continuous biotransformation. The conversion rate of d-tagatose from 125 g/L d-galactose was achieved 79.7% at 28 h, and the volumetric productivity reached 4.3 g/L/h at 20 h. Furthermore, the displayed L-AI showed a good performance on the reusability and remained 87% of the specific activity and 40.7% of the conversion rate after five recycles. A high efficient immobilized method for producing food-grade d-tagatose was established using spore surface-displayed L-AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingfeng An
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tinashe A Magocha
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingfei Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Xue
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yilin Qi
- College of Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, 1 Bohai Road, Cangzhou 061100, Hebei, China
| | - Zabed Hossain
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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Jayamuthunagai J, Srisowmeya G, Chakravarthy M, Gautam P. d-Tagatose production by permeabilized and immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum using whey permeate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 235:250-255. [PMID: 28371762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work is to produce d-Tagatose by direct addition of alginate immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum cells to lactose hydrolysed whey permeate. The cells were untreated and immobilized (UIC), permeabilized and immobilized (PIC) and the relative activities were compared with purified l-arabinose isomerase (l-AI) for d-galactose isomerization. Successive lactose hydrolysis by β-galactosidase from Escherichia coli and d-galactose isomerization using l-AI from Lactobacillus plantarum was performed to investigate the in vivo production of d-tagatose in whey permeate. In whey permeate, maximum conversion of 38% and 33% (w/w) d-galactose isomerization by PIC and UIC has been obtained. 162mg/g and 141mg/g of d-tagatose production was recorded in a 48h reaction time at 50°C, pH 7.0 with 5mM Mn2+ ion concentration in the initial substrate mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jayamuthunagai
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - G Srisowmeya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Chakravarthy
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Gautam
- Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamilnadu, India
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17
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Shin KC, Sim DH, Seo MJ, Oh DK. Increased Production of Food-Grade d-Tagatose from d-Galactose by Permeabilized and Immobilized Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS Host, Expressing d-Galactose Isomerase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8146-8153. [PMID: 27734668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The generally recognized as safe microorganism Corynebacterium glutamicum expressing Geobacillus thermodenitrificans d-galactose isomerase (d-GaI) was an efficient host for the production of d-tagatose, a functional sweetener. The d-tagatose production at 500 g/L d-galactose by the host was 1.4-fold higher than that by Escherichia coli expressing d-GaI. The d-tagatose-producing activity of permeabilized C. glutamicum (PCG) cells treated with 1% (w/v) Triton X-100 was 2.1-fold higher than that of untreated cells. Permeabilized and immobilized C. glutamicum (PICG) cells in 3% (w/v) alginate showed a 3.1-fold longer half-life at 50 °C and 3.1-fold higher total d-tagatose concentration in repeated batch reactions than PCG cells. PICG cells, which produced 165 g/L d-tagatose after 3 h, with a conversion of 55% (w/w) and a productivity of 55 g/L/h, showed significantly higher d-tagatose productivity than that reported for other cells. Thus, d-tagatose production by PICG cells may be an economical process to produce food-grade d-tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Chul Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Sim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Min-Ju Seo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University , Seoul 05029, South Korea
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18
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Seo YB, Park J, Huh IY, Hong SK, Chang YK. Agarose hydrolysis by two-stage enzymatic process and bioethanol production from the hydrolysate. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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20
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Streptococcus thermophilus, an emerging and promising tool for heterologous expression: Advantages and future trends. Food Microbiol 2015; 53:2-9. [PMID: 26611164 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus thermophilus is the second most used bacterium in dairy industry. It is daily consumed by millions of people through the worldwide consumption of yogurts, cheeses and fermented milks. S. thermophilus presents many features that make it a good candidate for the production of heterologous proteins. First, its ability to be naturally transformable allows obtaining swiftly and easily recombinant strains using various genetic tools available. Second, its Generally Recognised As Safe status and its ability to produce beneficial molecules or to liberate bioactive peptides from milk proteins open up the way for the development of new functional foods to maintain health and well-being of consumers. Finally, its ability to survive the intestinal passage and to be metabolically active in gastrointestinal tract allows considering S. thermophilus as a potential tool for delivering various biological molecules to the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this review is therefore to take stock of various genetic tools which can be employed in S. thermophilus to produce heterologous proteins and to highlight the advantages and future trends of use of this bacterium as a heterologous expression host.
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Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Liang J, Xu H. L-Arabinose isomerase and its use for biotechnological production of rare sugars. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8869-78. [PMID: 25280744 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
L-Arabinose isomerase (AI), a key enzyme in the microbial pentose phosphate pathway, has been regarded as an important biological catalyst in rare sugar production. This enzyme could isomerize L-arabinose into L-ribulose, as well as D-galactose into D-tagatose. Both the two monosaccharides show excellent commercial values in food and pharmaceutical industries. With the identification of novel AI family members, some of them have exhibited remarkable potential in industrial applications. The biological production processes for D-tagatose and L-ribose (or L-ribulose) using AI have been developed and improved in recent years. Meanwhile, protein engineering techniques involving rational design has effectively enhanced the catalytic properties of various AIs. Moreover, the crystal structure of AI has been disclosed, which sheds light on the understanding of AI structure and catalytic mechanism at molecular levels. This article reports recent developments in (i) novel AI screening, (ii) AI-mediated rare sugar production processes, (iii) molecular modification of AI, and (iv) structural biology study of AI. Based on previous reports, an analysis of the future development has also been initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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22
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von Rymon Lipinski GW. Sweeteners. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 143:1-28. [PMID: 23887731 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyols as sugar substitutes, intense sweeteners and some new carbohydrates are increasingly used in foods and beverages. Some sweeteners are produced by fermentation or using enzymatic conversion. Many studies for others have been published. This chapter reviews the most important sweeteners.
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23
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Heterologous expression of a newly screened β-agarase from Alteromonas sp. GNUM1 in Escherichia coli and its application for agarose degradation. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Staudigl P, Haltrich D, Peterbauer CK. L-Arabinose isomerase and D-xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus reuteri: characterization, coexpression in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum, and application in the conversion of D-galactose and D-glucose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1617-1624. [PMID: 24443973 PMCID: PMC3931408 DOI: 10.1021/jf404785m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) and the D-xylose isomerase (D-XI) encoding genes from Lactobacillus reuteri (DSMZ 17509) were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The proteins were purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography and characterized biochemically. L-AI displayed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 6.0, whereas D-XI showed maximum activity at 65 °C and pH 5.0. Both enzymes require divalent metal ions. The genes were also ligated into the inducible lactobacillal expression vectors pSIP409 and pSIP609, the latter containing a food grade auxotrophy marker instead of an antibiotic resistance marker, and the L-AI- and D-XI-encoding sequences/genes were coexpressed in the food grade host Lactobacillus plantarum . The recombinant enzymes were tested for applications in carbohydrate conversion reactions of industrial relevance. The purified L-AI converted D-galactose to D-tagatose with a maximum conversion rate of 35%, and the D-XI isomerized D-glucose to D-fructose with a maximum conversion rate of 48% at 60 °C.
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25
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Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Zhan Y, Xu H. Function of aspartic acid residues in optimum pH control of l-arabinose isomerase from Lactobacillus fermentum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:3987-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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26
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Li Z, Gao Y, Nakanishi H, Gao X, Cai L. Biosynthesis of rare hexoses using microorganisms and related enzymes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:2434-45. [PMID: 24367410 PMCID: PMC3869271 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare sugars, referred to as monosaccharides and their derivatives that rarely exist in nature, can be applied in many areas ranging from foodstuffs to pharmaceutical and nutrition industry, or as starting materials for various natural products and drug candidates. Unfortunately, an important factor restricting the utilization of rare sugars is their limited availability, resulting from limited synthetic methods. Nowadays, microbial and enzymatic transformations have become a very powerful tool in this field. This article reviews the biosynthesis and enzymatic production of rare ketohexoses, aldohexoses and sugar alcohols (hexitols), including D-tagatose, D-psicose, D-sorbose, L-tagatose, L-fructose, 1-deoxy-L-fructose, D-allose, L-glucose, L-talose, D-gulose, L-galactose, L-fucose, allitol, D-talitol, and L-sorbitol. New systems and robust catalysts resulting from advancements in genomics and bioengineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaodong Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li Cai
- Division of Mathematics and Science, University of South Carolina Salkehatchie, Walterboro, South Carolina, 29488, USA
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27
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From physiology to systems metabolic engineering for the production of biochemicals by lactic acid bacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:764-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Men Y, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Kang Z, Izumori K, Sun Y, Ma Y. Enzymatic conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose: cloning, overexpression and characterization of L-arabinose isomerase from Pediococcus pentosaceus PC-5. Microbiol Res 2013; 169:171-8. [PMID: 23948501 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding L-arabinose isomerase from food-grade strain Pediococcus pentosaceus PC-5 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified and characterized. It was optimally active at 50 °C and pH 6.0. Furthermore, this enzyme exhibited a weak requirement for metallic ions for its maximal activity evaluated at 0.6 mM Mn(2+) or 0.8 mM Co(2+). Interestingly, this enzyme was distinguished from other L-AIs, it could not use L-arabinose as its substrate. In addition, a three-dimensional structure of L-AI was built by homology modeling and L-arabinose and D-galactose were docked into the active site pocket of PPAI model to explain the interaction between L-AI and its substrate. The purified P. pentosaceus PC-5 L-AI converted D-galactose into D-tagatose with a high conversion rate of 52% after 24 h at 50 °C, suggesting its excellent potential in D-tagatose production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Men
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yueming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhenkui Kang
- Shanxi Tianjiao Biological Co., Ltd, Shanxin 030006, China
| | - Ken Izumori
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuanxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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29
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Salonen N, Salonen K, Leisola M, Nyyssölä A. D-Tagatose production in the presence of borate by resting Lactococcus lactis cells harboring Bifidobacterium longum L-arabinose isomerase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:489-97. [PMID: 22903573 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium longum NRRL B-41409 L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) was overexpressed in Lactococcus lactis using a phosphate depletion inducible expression system. The resting L. lactis cells harboring the B. longum L-AI were used for production of D-tagatose from D-galactose in the presence of borate buffer. Multivariable analysis suggested that high pH, temperature and borate concentration favoured the conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose. Almost quantitative conversion (92 %) was achieved at 20 g L⁻¹ substrate and at 37.5 °C after 5 days. The D-tagatose production rate of 185 g L⁻¹ day ⁻¹ was obtained at 300 g L⁻¹ galactose, at 1.15 M borate, and at 41 °C during 10 days when the production medium was changed every 24 h. There was no significant loss in productivity during ten sequential 24 h batches. The initial D-tagatose production rate was 290 g L⁻¹ day⁻¹ under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Salonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Finland.
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30
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Salonen N, Nyyssölä A, Salonen K, Turunen O. Bifidobacterium longum l-Arabinose Isomerase—Overexpression in Lactococcus lactis, Purification, and Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:392-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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31
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Chi WJ, Chang YK, Hong SK. Agar degradation by microorganisms and agar-degrading enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:917-30. [PMID: 22526785 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Agar is a mixture of heterogeneous galactans, mainly composed of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactoses (or L-galactose-6-sulfates) D-galactoses and L-galactoses (routinely in the forms of 3,6-anhydro-L-galactoses or L-galactose-6-sulfates) alternately linked by β-(1,4) and α-(1,3) linkages. It is a major component of the cell walls of red algae and has been used in a variety of laboratory and industrial applications, owing to its jellifying properties. Many microorganisms that can hydrolyze and metabolize agar as a carbon and energy source have been identified in seawater and marine sediments. Agarolytic microorganisms commonly produce agarases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of agar. Numerous agarases have been identified in microorganisms of various genera. They are classified according to their cleavage pattern into three types-α-agarase, β-agarase, and β-porphyranase. Although, in a broad sense, many other agarases are involved in complete hydrolysis of agar, most of those identified are β-agarases. In this article we review agarolytic microorganisms and their agar-hydrolyzing systems, covering β-agarases as well as α-agarases, α-neoagarobiose hydrolases, and β-porphyranases, with emphasis on the recent discoveries. We also present an overview of the biochemical and structural characteristics of the various types of agarases. Further, we summarize and compare the agar-hydrolyzing systems of two specific microorganisms: Gram-negative Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 and Gram-positive Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). We conclude with a brief discussion of the importance of agarases and their possible future application in producing oligosaccharides with various nutraceutical activities and in sustainably generating stock chemicals for biorefinement and bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jae Chi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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32
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Farhat-Khemakhem A, Ben Farhat M, Boukhris I, Bejar W, Bouchaala K, Kammoun R, Maguin E, Bejar S, Chouayekh H. Heterologous expression and optimization using experimental designs allowed highly efficient production of the PHY US417 phytase in Bacillus subtilis 168. AMB Express 2012; 2:10. [PMID: 22281295 PMCID: PMC3305889 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To attempt cost-effective production of US417 phytase in Bacillus subtilis, we developed an efficient system for its large-scale production in the generally recognized as safe microorganism B. subtilis 168. Hence, the phy US417 corresponding gene was cloned in the pMSP3535 vector, and for the first time for a plasmid carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin, multimeric forms of the resulting plasmid were used to transform naturally competent B. subtilis 168 cells. Subsequently, a sequential optimization strategy based on Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken experimental designs was applied to enhance phytase production by the recombinant Bacillus. The maximum phytase activity of 47 U ml-1 was reached in the presence of 12.5 g l-1 of yeast extract and 15 g l-1 of ammonium sulphate with shaking at 300 rpm. This is 73 fold higher than the activity produced by the native US417 strain before optimization. Characterization of the produced recombinant phytase has revealed that the enzyme exhibited improved thermostability compared to the wild type PHY US417 phytase strengthening its potential for application as feed supplement. Together, our findings strongly suggest that the strategy herein developed combining heterologous expression using a cloning vector carrying the pAMβ1 replication origin and experimental designs optimization can be generalized for recombinant proteins production in Bacillus.
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Jenkinson SF, Fleet GWJ, Nash RJ, Koike Y, Adachi I, Yoshihara A, Morimoto K, Izumori K, Kato A. Looking-glass synergistic pharmacological chaperones: DGJ and L-DGJ from the enantiomers of tagatose. Org Lett 2011; 13:4064-7. [PMID: 21744786 DOI: 10.1021/ol201552q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of tagatose are converted to L-DGJ [a noncompetitive inhibitor of human lysosome α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A), K(i) 38.5 μM] and DGJ [a competitive inhibitor of α-Gal A, K(i) 15.1 nM] in 66% yield. L-DGJ and DGJ provide the first examples of pharmacological chaperones that (a) are enantiomeric iminosugars and (b) have synergistic activity with implications for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders and other protein deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah F Jenkinson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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