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Chen F, Ding L, Zhu Y, Ren G, Man Y, Hong K, Lang L, Ström H, Xiong Q. Comprehensive kinetic modeling and product distribution for pyrolysis of pulp and paper mill sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171665. [PMID: 38490406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis holds immense potential for clean treatment of pulp and paper mill sludge (PPMS), enabling efficient energy and chemical recovery. However, current understanding of PPMS pyrolysis kinetics and product characteristics remains incomplete. This study conducted detailed modeling of pyrolysis kinetics for two typical PPMSs from a wastepaper pulp and paper mill, namely, deinking sludge (PPMS-DS) and sewage sludge (PPMS-SS), and analyzed comprehensively pyrolysis products. The results show that apparent activation energy of PPMS-DS (169.25-226.82 kJ/mol) and PPMS-SS (189.29-411.21 kJ/mol) pyrolysis undergoes significant change, with numerous parallel reactions present. A distributed activation energy model with dual logistic distributions proves to be suitable for modeling thermal decomposition kinetics of both PPMS-DS and PPMS-SS, with coefficient of determination >0.999 and relative root mean square error <1.99 %. High temperature promotes decomposition of solid organic materials in PPMS, and maximum tar yield for both PPMS-DS (53.90 wt%, daf) and PPMS-SS (56.48 wt%, daf) is achieved at around 500 °C. Higher levels of styrene (24.45 % for PPMS-DS and 14.71 % for PPMS-SS) and ethylbenzene (8.61 % for PPMS-DS and 8.33 % for PPMS-SS) are detected in tar and could be used as chemicals. This work shows great potential to propel development of PPMS pyrolysis technology, enabling green and sustainable production in pulp and paper industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Guanlong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Kun Hong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Lin Lang
- Laboratory of Biomass Thermochemical Conversion, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Qingang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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2
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Çakman G. Pyrolysis of Euphorbia Rigida: A study on thermal characterizations, kinetics, thermodynamics via TG-FTIR analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 357:120835. [PMID: 38581897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Euphorbia Rigida (E. Rigida), a lignocellulosic biomass with low ash content, is a suitable feedstock for pyrolysis. This work investigated the physicochemical characteristics and thermokinetic analysis of E. Rigida pyrolysis by using isoconversional and master plots methods. Ultimate and proximate analyses and oxygen bomb calorimeter were used to determine the physicochemical parameters. The activation energies were calculated using model-free methods (KAS, Friedman and Starink) and were found as 184, 178 and 185 kJ/mol, respectively. Using Fraser-Suzuki deconvolution, pseudo-components were also calculated and the active pyrolysis region was divided into three zones. The master plots showed that reaction order mechanisms (Fn) were effective in Zone I, and diffusion mechanisms (Dn) were well matched in Zone II and Zone III. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG and ΔS) were calculated and according to these results, E. Rigida pyrolysis was an endothermic and non-spontaneous process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülce Çakman
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Engineering Faculty, Chemical Engineering Department, 55139, Kurupelit, Samsun, Turkey.
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3
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Saikia S, Kalamdhad AS. Assessment of pyrolysis potential of Indian municipal solid waste and legacy waste via physicochemical and thermochemical characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130289. [PMID: 38181997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the viability of utilizing municipal solid waste (MSW) and legacy waste as a renewable energy source through pyrolysis, akin to solid fuels. The heating value of MSW and legacy waste were found to be 37737.89 and 40432.84 kJ/kg, respectively. Proximate analysis shows that MSW fits within Tanner diagram parameters, eliminating the need for auxiliary fuel in pyrolysis. With 47.6 % and 44.16 % lignin content in MSW and legacy waste were deemed suitable for char production. Thermal degradation resulted in mass losses of 68 % for MSW and 82 % for legacy waste. The kinetic and thermodynamic assessment indicates lower activation energy (Ea) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) for MSW (5.72 kJ/mol and 170.37 kJ/mol, respectively) compared to fossil fuels, suggesting faster reactions without additional energy requirement. MSW emerges as a promising alternative to fossil fuels, aligning with the United Nations' 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Saikia
- School of Agro and Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Zou L, He X, Yang W, Shao H, Wang Y, Zhao Q. Co-pyrolysis of peanut shell with municipal sludge: reaction mechanism, product distribution, and synergy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:94081-94096. [PMID: 37526831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomass/sludge co-pyrolysis contributes to the high-efficiency resource utilization, harmless treatment, and reduction in volume of sludge. Due to the complexity of co-pyrolysis reaction, it is essential to evaluate the thermodynamic behavior, synergy, and reaction mechanism of this process to make it commercially viable. In this work, the pyrolysis properties, thermodynamic analysis and product distribution of municipal sludge (MS), peanut shell (PS), and their blends with various sludge mass ratios (SMRs) were investigated by a thermogravimetric analyzer and a fixed bed reactor. There was a considerable synergy existing in the process of PS/MS co-pyrolysis, and the synergy occurred mainly at the devolatilization phase, accelerating the mixture pyrolysis. When the conversion rate α was less than 0.7, the apparent activation energy decreased continuously with SMR at the same α; however, it increased dramatically with SMR when α was greater than 0.7. Reactants and reaction stages greatly affected the kinetic mechanism of fuel pyrolysis, and this finding was beneficial for the numerical simulation of mixture pyrolysis. Based on the conclusions and precision of this work, the mass ratio of PS to MS was recommended to be 6:4, which had the strongest synergy, with a gas yield of 26.69 wt.% at 600°C and a lower heating value (LHV) of pyrolysis gas of 14.89 MJ/Nm3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zou
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaishuang Shao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yungang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinxin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering (Ministry of Education), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Garba K, Mohammed IY, Isa YM, Abubakar LG, Abakr YA, Hameed BH. Pyrolysis of Canarium schweinfurthii hard-shell: Thermochemical characterisation and pyrolytic kinetics studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13234. [PMID: 36785823 PMCID: PMC9918767 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canarium schweinfurthii fruit used in food and cosmetics produces waste nuts with a hard shell (hard-shell) and kernel. The hard-shell contained lignin and holocellulose, besides 51.99 wt% carbon, 6.0 wt% hydrogen, 41.68 wt% oxygen, and 70.97 wt% volatile matter. Therefore, this study commenced thermochemical investigations on the hard-shell through extensive intermediate pyrolysis and kinetic studies. During the active stage of thermogravimetric pyrolysis, the hard-shell lost a maximum of 56.45 wt%, and the activation energies obtained by the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink methods were 223, 221 and 217 kJ/mol, respectively. The Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method depicted the degradation process accurately, where the Coat-Redfern method's contraction and diffusion mechanisms governed the pyrolysis reactions at activation energies of 16.62 kJ/mol and 38.83 kJ/mol, respectively. The pyrolysis process produced 25 wt% biochar and 25 wt% bio-oil under optimum conditions. The calorific values of the bio-oils with 6.81-7.11 wt% hydrogen and 68.01-71.12 wt% carbon was 26.32-27.83 MJ/kg, with phenolics and n-hexadecanoic and oleic acids as major compounds. Biochar, by contrast, has a high carbon content of 75.11-79.32 wt% and calorific values of 25.45-28.61 MJ/kg. These properties assert the biochar and bio-oils among viable bioenergy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Garba
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.;
| | - Isah Yakub Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Makarfi Isa
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lawan Garba Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, P. M. B. 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Yousif Abdalla Abakr
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Material Engineering, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Eshan, Malaysia
| | - Bassim H. Hameed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Chen J, Fang H, Xu F, Ren Y, Wang Z, Zhu Y, Mu L. Influence of iron-containing petrochemical sludge ash on the pyrolysis of pine wood: Thermal behaviors, thermodynamic analysis, and kinetic parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126551. [PMID: 34902484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of pine wood (PW) with the presence of iron-containing petrochemical sludge ash (PSA) were studied using thermogravimetric analysis at non-isothermal conditions. The thermal conversion of PW with the presence of PSA could be characterized via a three-stage reaction, including the moisture release, pyrolysis reactions and gas-solid reaction, and solid-solid reaction between char and iron oxides. The pyrolysis characteristic parameters analysis showed that the presence of PSA indeed promoted the conversion of PW. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the Fe2O3 in PSA was characterized by a gradual loss of oxygen during co-pyrolysis. The kinetic parameters were calculated by the Starink method combined with master-plots method. The presence of PSA would decrease the activation energy, and the minimum average value was 167.00 kJ/mol at 15% PSA addition. The most suitable kinetic models for the pyrolysis of PW and its mixtures with PSA were D3 and D4, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hua Fang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang Xu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuezhao Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lin Mu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, PR China
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7
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Nandhini R, Berslin D, Sivaprakash B, Rajamohan N, Vo DVN. Thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste into energy and hydrogen: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:1645-1669. [PMID: 35350388 PMCID: PMC8945873 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-022-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The rising global population is inducing a fast increase in the amount of municipal waste and, in turn, issues of rising cost and environmental pollution. Therefore, alternative treatments such as waste-to-energy should be developed in the context of the circular economy. Here, we review the conversion of municipal solid waste into energy using thermochemical methods such as gasification, combustion, pyrolysis and torrefaction. Energy yield depends on operating conditions and feedstock composition. For instance, torrefaction of municipal waste at 200 °C generates a heating value of 33.01 MJ/kg, while the co-pyrolysis of cereals and peanut waste yields a heating value of 31.44 MJ/kg at 540 °C. Gasification at 800 °C shows higher carbon conversion for plastics, of 94.48%, than for waste wood and grass pellets, of 70-75%. Integrating two or more thermochemical treatments is actually gaining high momentum due to higher energy yield. We also review reforming catalysts to enhance dihydrogen production, such as nickel on support materials such as CaTiO3, SrTiO3, BaTiO3, Al2O3, TiO3, MgO, ZrO2. Techno-economic analysis, sensitivity analysis and life cycle assessment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Nandhini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002 India
| | - Don Berslin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002 India
| | - Baskaran Sivaprakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, 608002 India
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, 311 Sohar, Oman
| | - Dai-Viet N. Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia
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8
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Wan Mahari WA, Nam WL, Sonne C, Peng W, Phang XY, Liew RK, Yek PNY, Lee XY, Wen OW, Show PL, Chen WH, Chang JS, Lam SS. Applying microwave vacuum pyrolysis to design moisture retention and pH neutralizing palm kernel shell biochar for mushroom production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123572. [PMID: 32470829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microwave vacuum pyrolysis of palm kernel shell was examined to produce engineered biochar for application as additive in agriculture application. The pyrolysis approach, performed at 750 W of microwave power, produced higher yield of porous biochar (28 wt%) with high surface area (270 cm2/g) compared to the yield obtained by conventional approach (<23 wt%). Addition of the porous biochar in mushroom substrate showed increased moisture content (99%) compared to the substrate without biochar (96%). The mushroom substrate added with biochar (150 g) was optimal in shortening formation, growth, and full colonization of the mycelium within one month. Using 2.5% of the biochar in mushroom substrate desirably maintained the optimum pH level (6.8-7) during the mycelium colonization period, leading to high mycelium growth (up to 91%) and mushroom yield (up to 280 g). The engineered biochar shows great potential as moisture retention and neutralizing agent in mushroom cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wai Lun Nam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xue Yee Phang
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang 10400, Malaysia
| | - Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; University College of Technology Sarawak, Department of Engineering, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Xie Yi Lee
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ou Wei Wen
- Siong Hoong Agro Organic Farm, Jalan Tanggul, Kg Bukit Kuan, 21040 Marang, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (Akuatrop), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Lin Y, Xiao H, Chen B, Ge Y, He Q, Tao S, Wang W. Thermal behavior and general distributed activation energy model kinetics of Lignite-Chinese herb residues blends during co-pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122991. [PMID: 32078906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the pyrolysis behavior of lignite, Chinese herb residues (CHR) and their blends were explored by thermogravimetric analysis. The co-pyrolysis improved the pyrolysis characteristic of lignite, leading to an increment of index D. Analysis results showed that 30%-50% of CHR add ratio was the appropriate choice for co-pyrolysis with lignite. It was clarified that synergetic effects between lignite with CHR occurred during the co-pyrolysis treatment. And the promoting effects were dominated at 240 °C to 310 °C, while it turned to inhibiting effects at 315 °C to 355 °C. The pyrolysis kinetic evolution was adapted by a new general distributed activation energy model with four pseudo-components. The simulation results demonstrated an excellent match with the adjusted coefficients Radj2 over 99.97%. In addition, G-DAEM further considered A-E kinetic compensatory effect. The outcomes enriched the applicability of this model in thermal process of other fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousheng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Hanmin Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Baiman Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ya Ge
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qing He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shi Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Fu B, Liu G, Mian MM, Zhou C, Sun M, Wu D, Liu Y. Co-combustion of industrial coal slurry and sewage sludge: Thermochemical and emission behavior of heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 233:440-451. [PMID: 31181492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A combination of thermogravimetric analysis and lab-scale fixed bed combustion experiments was carried out to study the thermochemical, kinetic and heavy metals emission behavior during co-combustion of industrial coal slurry (CS) and sewage sludge (SS). The results found that the blends had integrative combustion profiles which reflected both coal slurry and sewage sludge. During co-combustion, the ignition performance of CS could be significantly improved with the addition of SS. Synergetic effects of the co-combustion were observed at lower temperature, while the high-temperature char combustion of the blends was inhibited because of high ash components of SS or formation of inactive alkali metal aluminosilicates. Kinetic analysis confirmed the improve iginition behavior of blends. Both the comprehensive combustibility index S and the activation energy suggested that the blends with 20% SS may have the best promoting effects. Compared with CS, the higher concentration of Cl in SS increased the volatilization ratios of Cu, Zn, As, and Pb. When added CS into SS, the volatilization ratios of arsenic decreased during combustion. The inhibition effects for arsenic during co-combustion might be associated with the capture of arsenic vapors by the new-formed Ca/Al from CS thermal decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Md Manik Mian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chuncai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Mei Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Dun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefe, Anhui 23008, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
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11
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Zhang D, Luo W, Liu Y, Yuan J, Li G. Co-biodrying of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste: A thermogravimetric assessment of the blends. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:652-660. [PMID: 31351653 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the thermogravimetric properties of sewage sludge and organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) during their co-biodrying at different fractions. Sewage sludge and OFMSW were co-biodried at the mass proportion of 0%, 42.5% and 85% (of the total wet weight), respectively, with 15% cornstalk as the bulking agent. Results show that of these three raw materials, OFMSW exhibited the lowest ignition temperature and the highest burnout temperature. Moreover, OFMSW had a better comprehensive combustion performance (S) than sewage sludge. Blending OFMSW, sewage sludge and cornstalk showed the highest S value (4.0 × 10-7%2 min-2 °C-3). In addition, there existed certain interactions between the co-combustion process, especially at high temperature stage. The burning characteristics, including ignition performance, burnout efficiency, DTGmax and S increased with fluctuations in the first 6-9 days of co-biodrying process, and then declined in all treatments. Hence, 15-day of biodrying made the product with poor burning behavior (S value of 1.0 × 10-7-1.4 × 10-7%2 min-2 °C-3). More importantly, the optimal combustion performance was observed when co-biodrying the same amount (42.5%) of sewage sludge and OFMSW with the peak of 8.3 × 10-7%2 min-2 °C-3 achieved on day 9. In addition, the blends were easier to burn after the biodrying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Ma J, Luo H, Li Y, Liu Z, Li D, Gai C, Jiao W. Pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the hydrochars derived from co-hydrothermal carbonization of sawdust and sewage sludge using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:133-141. [PMID: 30852333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The thermal behavior of the hydrochars from co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sawdust (SD) and sewage sludge (SS) was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The comprehensive devolatilization index indicated that the devolatilization performance of SS was decreased by HTC, while it was significantly improved 7.38-23.69 times by co-HTC. The kinetic analysis showed that HTC of SS decreased the average activation energy from 308.96 and 314.78 kJ mol-1 to 220.86 and 221.27 kJ mol-1 by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), respectively, while it was increased from 182.37 to 207.06 kJ mol-1 and from 181.06 to 207.05 kJ mol-1 with the increasing proportion of SD from 25% to 75% during co-HTC, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that pyrolysis reactivity of the hydrochar derived from SD was improved by co-HTC of SD and SS. Kinetic and thermodynamic findings were useful for the design of pyrolysis process using hydrochar as solid fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hainan Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province 277160, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering (IPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Gai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu J, Huang L, Xie W, Kuo J, Buyukada M, Evrendilek F. Characterizing and optimizing (co-)pyrolysis as a function of different feedstocks, atmospheres, blend ratios, and heating rates. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 277:104-116. [PMID: 30660063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
(Co-)pyrolysis behaviors were quantified using TG and Py-GC/MS analyses as a function of the two fuels of sewage sludge (SS) and water hyacinth (WH), five atmospheres, six blend ratios, and three heating rates. Co-pyrolysis performance, gaseous characterizations and optimization analyses were conducted. Relative to N2 atmosphere, co-pyrolysis was inhibited at low temperatures in CO2 atmosphere, while the CO2 atmosphere at high temperatures promoted the vaporization of coke. The main (co-)pyrolysis products of SS and WH were benzene and its derivatives, as well as alkenes and heterocyclic compounds. Average apparent activation energy decreased gradually with the increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and was highest (377.5 kJ/mol) in N2 atmosphere and lowest (184.7 kJ/mol) in CO2 atmosphere. Significant interaction effects on the mean responses of mass loss, derivative TG, and differential scanning calorimetry were found for fuel type by heating rate and atmosphere type by heating rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Limao Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahong Kuo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Musa Buyukada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan, 75002, Turkey
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14
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Ghodake GS, Yang J, Shinde SS, Mistry BM, Kim DY, Sung JS, Kadam AA. Paper waste extracted α-cellulose fibers super-magnetized and chitosan-functionalized for covalent laccase immobilization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:420-427. [PMID: 29698891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enormous disposal of paper wastes (PW) causing number of environmental problems. PW is efficiently used to extract multifunctional α-cellulose fibers (αCFs). Thus, αCFs extraction from PW, and functionalization with Fe3O4 and chitosan were successfully performed for immobilization of laccase. Therefore, in this investigation, PW extracted αCFs were tuned with supermagnetic Fe3O4 (M) and functionalized with chitosan (CTA) (M-PW-αCF-CTA). Furthermore, M-PW-αCF-CTA was glutaraldehyde cross-linked for covalent laccase immobilization. The synthesized materials were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, FE-SEM, FE-HR-TEM and VSM analyzes. M-PW-αCF-CTA exhibited magnetic saturation value of 14.72 emu/g. Laccase immobilized on M-PW-αCF-CTA (M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac) gave 92% of activity recovery and loading capacity of 73.30 mg/g. M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac showed excellent pH, temperature, and storage stabilities with the exceptional reusability potential. Moreover, M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac was applied for repeated removal of carcinogenic Direct Red 28 (DR28). Therefore, M-PW-αCF-CTA-Lac is green and economical biocatalyst with extraordinary separation potential can be enforced for environmental pollutants reclamation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan S Ghodake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwook Yang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Surendra S Shinde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bhupendra M Mistry
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-820, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedical Campus, Ilsandong-gu, 10326 Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Avinash A Kadam
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Biomedi Campus, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lin Y, Chen Z, Dai M, Fang S, Liao Y, Yu Z, Ma X. Co-pyrolysis kinetics of sewage sludge and bagasse using multiple normal distributed activation energy model (M-DAEM). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 259:173-180. [PMID: 29550731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the kinetic models of bagasse, sewage sludge and their mixture were established by the multiple normal distributed activation energy model. Blending with sewage sludge, the initial temperature declined from 437 K to 418 K. The pyrolytic species could be divided into five categories, including analogous hemicelluloses I, hemicelluloses II, cellulose, lignin and bio-char. In these species, the average activation energies and the deviations situated at reasonable ranges of 166.4673-323.7261 kJ/mol and 0.1063-35.2973 kJ/mol, respectively, which were conformed to the references. The kinetic models were well matched to experimental data, and the R2 were greater than 99.999%y. In the local sensitivity analysis, the distributed average activation energy had stronger effect on the robustness than other kinetic parameters. And the content of pyrolytic species determined which series of kinetic parameters were more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Minquan Dai
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Fang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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16
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Li T, Guo F, Li X, Liu Y, Peng K, Jiang X, Guo C. Characterization of herb residue and high ash-containing paper sludge blends from fixed bed pyrolysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:544-554. [PMID: 29653883 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High ash-containing paper sludge which is rich in various metal oxides is employed in herb residue pyrolysis to enhance the yield of fuel gas and reduce tar yield in a drop tube fixed bed reactor. Effects of heat treatment temperature and blending ratio of paper sludge on the yields and composition of pyrolysis products (gas, tar and char) were investigated. Results indicate that paper sludge shows a significantly catalytic effect during the pyrolysis processes of herb residue, accelerating the pyrolysis reactions. The catalytic effect resulted in an increase in gas yield but a decrease in tar yield. The catalytic effect degree is affected by the paper sludge proportions, and the strongest catalytic effect of paper sludge is noted at its blending ratio of 50%. At temperature lower than 900 °C, the catalytic effect of paper sludge in the pyrolysis of herb residue promotes the formation of H2 and CO2, inhibits the formation of CH4, but shows slight influence on the formations of CO, while the formation of the four gas components was all promoted at 900 °C. SEM results of residue char show that ash particles from paper sludge adhere to the surface of the herb residue char after pyrolysis, which may promote the pyrolysis process of herb residue for more gas releasing. FT-IR results indicate that most functional groups disappear after pyrolysis. The addition of paper sludge promotes deoxidisation and aromatization reactions of hetero atoms tars, forming heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and leading to tar yield decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantao Li
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Feiqiang Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaolei Li
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Kuangye Peng
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Jiang
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
| | - Chenglong Guo
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, 221116 Xuzhou, PR China
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17
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Gong Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Du A, Fang P, Sun Z, Li X. Study on pyrolysis of oil sludge with microalgae residue additive. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Zhentong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Aixun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Peiwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Zhiqian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil; China University of Petroleum (East China); 266580, Qingdao China
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18
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Li X, Charles Xu C. Co-pyrolysis behavior of fermentation residues with woody sawdust by thermogravimetric analysis and a vacuum reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:449-455. [PMID: 28898843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at cost-effective utilization of fermentation residues (FR) from biogas project for bio-energy via co-pyrolysis of FR and woody sawdust (WS). In this study, a vacuum reactor was used to study the pyrolysis behaviors of individual and blend samples of FR and WS. Obvious synergistic effects were observed, resulting in a lower char yield but a higher gas yield. The presence of woody sawdust promoted the devolatilization of FR, and improved the syngas (H2 and CO) content in the gaseous products. Compared to those of the char from pyrolysis of individual feedstock, co-pyrolysis of FR and WS in the vacuum reactor promoted the cracking reactions of large aromatic rings, enlarged the surface area and reduced the oxygenated groups of the resulted char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the State Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the State Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
| | - Jingna Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the State Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Xiayang Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of the State Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Chunbao Charles Xu
- Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resource, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A5B9, Canada
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Liu G, Liao Y, Ma X. Thermal behavior of vehicle plastic blends contained acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in pyrolysis using TG-FTIR. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:315-326. [PMID: 28161337 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As important plastic blends in End-of-Life vehicles (ELV), pyrolysis profiles of ABS/PVC, ABS/PA6 and ABS/PC were investigated using thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (TG-FTIR). Also, CaCO3 was added as plastic filler to discuss its effects on the pyrolysis of these plastics. The results showed that the interaction between ABS and PVC made PVC pyrolysis earlier and HCl emission slightly accelerated. The mixing of ABS and PA6 made their decomposition temperature closer, and ketones in PA6 pyrolysis products were reduced. The presence of ABS made PC pyrolysis earlier, and phenyl compounds in PC pyrolysis products could be transferred into alcohol or H2O. The interaction between ABS and other polymers in pyrolysis could be attributed to the intermolecular radical transfer, and free radicals from the polymer firstly decomposed led to a fast initiation the decomposition of the other polymer. As plastic filler, CaCO3 promoted the thermal decomposition of PA6 and PC, and had no obvious effects on ABS and PVC pyrolysis process. Also, CaCO3 made the pyrolysis products from PA6 and PC further decomposed into small-molecule compounds like CO2. The kinetics analysis showed that isoconversional method like Starink method was more suitable for these polymer blends. Starink method showed the average activation energy of ABS50/PVC50, ABS50/PA50 and ABS50/PC50 was 186.63kJ/mol, 239.61kJ/mol and 248.95kJ/mol, respectively, and the interaction among them could be reflected by the activation energy variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization Institutes, School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization Institutes, School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization Institutes, School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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20
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Li X, Mei Q, Dai X, Ding G. Effect of anaerobic digestion on sequential pyrolysis kinetics of organic solid wastes using thermogravimetric analysis and distributed activation energy model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 227:297-307. [PMID: 28040651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis, Gaussian-fit-peak model (GFPM), and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) were firstly used to explore the effect of anaerobic digestion on sequential pyrolysis kinetic of four organic solid wastes (OSW). Results showed that the OSW weight loss mainly occurred in the second pyrolysis stage relating to organic matter decomposition. Compared with raw substrate, the weight loss of corresponding digestate was lower in the range of 180-550°C, but was higher in 550-900°C. GFPM analysis revealed that organic components volatized at peak temperatures of 188-263, 373-401 and 420-462°C had a faster degradation rate than those at 274-327°C during anaerobic digestion. DAEM analysis showed that anaerobic digestion had discrepant effects on activation energy for four OSW pyrolysis, possibly because of their different organic composition. It requires further investigation for the special organic matter, i.e., protein-like and carbohydrate-like groups, to confirm the assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qingqing Mei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Guoji Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China
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21
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Breyer S, Mekhitarian L, Rimez B, Haut B. Production of an alternative fuel by the co-pyrolysis of landfill recovered plastic wastes and used lubrication oils. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 60:363-374. [PMID: 28063835 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work is a preliminary study for the development of a co-pyrolysis process of plastic wastes excavated from a landfill and used lubrication oils, with the aim to produce an alternative liquid fuel for industrial use. First, thermogravimetric experiments were carried out with pure plastics (HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS) and oils (a motor oil and a mixture of used lubrication oils) in order to highlight the interactions occurring between a plastic and an oil during their co-pyrolysis. It appears that the main decomposition event of each component takes place at higher temperatures when the components are mixed than when they are alone, possibly because the two components stabilize each other during their co-pyrolysis. These interactions depend on the nature of the plastic and the oil. In addition, co-pyrolysis experiments were led in a lab-scale reactor using a mixture of excavated plastic wastes and used lubrication oils. On the one hand, the influence of some key operating parameters on the outcome of the process was analyzed. It was possible to produce an alternative fuel for industrial use whose viscosity is lower than 1Pas at 90°C, from a plastic/oil mixture with an initial plastic mass fraction between 40% and 60%, by proceeding at a maximum temperature included in the range 350-400°C. On the other hand, the amount of energy required to successfully co-pyrolyze, in lab conditions, 1kg of plastic/oil mixture with an initial plastic mass fraction of 60% was estimated at about 8MJ. That amount of energy is largely used for the thermal cracking of the molecules. It is also shown that, per kg of mixture introduced in the lab reactor, 29MJ can be recovered from the combustion of the liquid resulting from the co-pyrolysis. Hence, this co-pyrolysis process could be economically viable, provided heat losses are addressed carefully when designing an industrial reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Breyer
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Chemical Engineering Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50 CP 165/67, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Loucine Mekhitarian
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Chemical Engineering Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50 CP 165/67, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bart Rimez
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Chemical Engineering Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50 CP 165/67, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Haut
- Transfers, Interfaces and Processes (TIPs), Chemical Engineering Unit, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50 CP 165/67, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Mu L, Chen J, Yao P, Zhou D, Zhao L, Yin H. Evaluation of co-pyrolysis petrochemical wastewater sludge with lignite in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a packed-bed reactor: Pyrolysis characteristics, kinetics, and products analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 221:147-156. [PMID: 27639233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge and Huolinhe lignite were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer and packed-bed reactor coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and gas chromatography. The pyrolysis characteristics of the blends at various sludge blending ratios were compared with those of the individual materials. Thermogravimetric experiments showed that the interactions between the blends were beneficial to generate more residues. In packed-bed reactor, synergetic effects promoted the release of gas products and left less liquid and solid products than those calculated by additive manner. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer analysis showed that main functional groups in chars gradually disappeared with pyrolysis temperatures increasing, and H2O, CH4, CO, and CO2 appeared in volatiles during pyrolysis. Gas compositions analysis indicated that, the yields of H2 and CO clearly increased as the pyrolysis temperature and sludge blending ratio increasing, while the changes of CH4 and CO2 yields were relatively complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jianbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pikai Yao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dapeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongchao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Fang S, Yu Z, Lin Y, Lin Y, Fan Y, Liao Y, Ma X. Effects of additives on the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and paper sludge by using thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:265-272. [PMID: 26985626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
By using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the effects of different additives (MgO, Al2O3 and ZnO) on the pyrolysis characteristics and activation energy of municipal solid waste (MSW), paper sludge (PS) and their blends in N2 atmosphere had been investigated in this study. The experiments resulted that these additives were effective in reducing the initial temperature and activation energy. However, not all the additives were beneficial to reduce the residue mass and enhance the index D. For the different ratios of MSW and PS, the same additive even had the different influences. The catalytic effects of additives were not obvious and the pyrolysis became difficult with the increase of the proportion of PS. Based on all the contrast of the pyrolysis characteristics, MgO was the best additive and 70M30P was the best ratio, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Fang
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yan Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yousheng Lin
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
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Chen J, Mu L, Jiang B, Yin H, Song X, Li A. TG/DSC-FTIR and Py-GC investigation on pyrolysis characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:1-10. [PMID: 26004556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis characteristics of petrochemical wastewater sludge (PS) were evaluated using TG/DSC-FTIR and fixed-bed reactor with GC. TGA experiments indicated that the pyrolysis of PS proceeded in three phases, and the thermographs shifted to higher temperatures with increasing heating rate. Chars FTIR showed that the absorption of O-H, C-H, C=O and C-C decreased with pyrolysis temperatures increasing. Gases FTIR correspondingly showed that H2O, CO, and CH4 generated at higher temperatures. For the fixed-bed reactor tests, H2 and CO were relatively higher in the pyrolysis gases, and CH4 was negligible at 436K. The kinetic triplets of PS pyrolysis were estimated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, and integral master-plots method. The results suggested that the most potential kinetic models for the first and second phase were the order reaction model, while the random nucleation and nuclei growth model for the third phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongchao Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xigeng Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China
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Chen J, Fan X, Jiang B, Mu L, Yao P, Yin H, Song X. Pyrolysis of oil-plant wastes in a TGA and a fixed-bed reactor: Thermochemical behaviors, kinetics, and products characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 192:592-602. [PMID: 26093253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis characteristics of four distinct oil-plant wastes were investigated using TGA and fixed-bed reactor coupled with GC. TGA experiments showed that the pyrolysis behaviors were related to biomass species and heating rates. As the heating rate increased, TG and DTG curves shifted to the higher temperatures, and the comprehensive devolatilization index obviously increased. The remaining chars from TGA experiments were higher than those obtained from the fixed-bed experiments. The crack of tars at high temperatures enhanced the formation of non-condensable gases. During the pyrolysis, C-O and CO2 were the major gases. Chars FTIR showed that the functional groups of O-H, C-H(n), C=O, C-O, and C-C gradually disappeared from 400 °C on. The kinetic parameters were calculated by Coats-Redfern approach. The results manifested that the most appropriate pyrolysis mechanisms were the order reaction models. The existence of kinetic compensation effect was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116023, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Pikai Yao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongchao Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Xigeng Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
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Mu L, Chen J, Yin H, Song X, Li A, Chi X. Pyrolysis behaviors and kinetics of refining and chemicals wastewater, lignite and their blends through TGA. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:22-31. [PMID: 25585257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis behaviors of refining and chemicals wastewater solid (RS) and Huolinhe lignite (HL) were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal degradation process of RS and the blends proceeded in three stages, while two stages for HL. The increased percentage of RS in the blends reduced the characteristic temperature (Ti, Tp, Tf) and residual mass (Mr), while raised the characteristic reaction rate (Rp, Rv) and comprehensive devolatilization parameter (D). The results indicated that there existed some inhibitive interactions between RS and HL. The activation energies were calculated by using the Friedman and Starink method. The activation energy of RS increased first and then decreased with conversion degree, and the variation wasn't as great as that of the blends and lignite. No matter which conversion degree is, the activation energy decreased with the percentage of RS in the blends increasing. The minimum value was obtained by blending 75wt.% RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Mu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jianbiao Chen
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Hongchao Yin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xigeng Song
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiao Chi
- Heat/Electric Power Eng. Design Dept. NORINDAR International, (Group) Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050011, China
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Ma Y, Niu R, Wang X, Wang Q, Wang X, Sun X. Co-pyrolysis behaviour and kinetic of two typical solid wastes in China and characterisation of activated carbon prepared from pyrolytic char. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2014; 32:1123-1133. [PMID: 25378256 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14557381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study on the co-pyrolysis of spent substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus and coal tar pitch, and the activated carbon prepared from the pyrolytic char. Thermogravimetry (TG) analysis was carried out taking spent substrate, coal tar pitch and spent substrate-coal tar pitch mixture. The activation energies of pyrolysis reactions were obtained via the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods. The kinetic models were determined by the master-plots method. The activated carbons were characterised by N2-adsorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Experimental results demonstrated a synergistic effect happened during co-pyrolysis, which was characterised by a decreased maximum decomposition rate and an enhanced char yield. The average activation energies of the pyrolysis reactions of spent substrate, coal tar pitch and the mixture were 115.94, 72.92 and 94.38 kJ mol(-1) for the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, and 112.17, 65.62 and 89.91 kJ mol(-1) for the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The reaction model functions were f(α) = (1-α)(3.42), (1-α)(1.72) and (1-α)(3.07) for spent substrate, coal tar pitch and the mixture, respectively. The mixture char-derived activated carbon had a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area up to 1337 m(2) g(-1) and a total pore volume of 0.680 cm(3) g(-1). Mixing spent substrate with coal tar pitch led to the creation of more micropores and a higher surface area compared with the single spent substrate and coal tar pitch char. Also, the mixture char-derived activated carbon had a higher proportion of aromatic stacking. This study provides a reference for the utilisation of spent substrate and coal tar pitch via co-pyrolysis, and their pyrolytic char as a promising precursor of activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ruxuan Niu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qunhui Wang
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Beijing Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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