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Cheng S, Liu X, Pastore C, di Bitonto L, Li A. Low-carbon wastewater treatment and resource recovery of recirculating aquaculture system by immobilized chlorella vulgaris based on machine learning optimization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131208. [PMID: 39098355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Immobilized microalgae biotechnologies can conserve water and space by low-carbon wastewater treatment and resource recovery in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). However, technical process parameters have been unoptimized considering the mutual interaction between factors. In this study, machine learning optimized the parameters of alginate-immobilized Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), that is, 474 μmol/(m2·s) of light intensity, 23 × 106 cells/mL for initial cell number, and 2.07 mm particle size. Importantly, under continuous illumination, the immobilized C. vulgaris and microalgal-bacterial consortium improved water purification and biomass reutilization. Transcriptomics of C. vulgaris showed enhanced nitrogen removal by increasing pyridine nucleotide and lipid accumulation via enhanced triacylglycerol synthesis. Symbiotic bacteria upregulated genes for nitrate reduction and organic matter degradation, which stimulated biomass accumulation through CO2 fixation and starch synthesis. The recoverable microalgae (1.94 g/L biomass, 47 % protein, 26.23 % lipids), struvite (64.79 % phosphorus), and alginate (79.52 %) every two weeks demonstrates a low-carbon resource recovery in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Carlo Pastore
- Italian National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi di Bitonto
- Italian National Research Council, Water Research Institute (IRSA-CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Anjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education/State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Ahmad A, Amin KA, Ashraf SS. Biological effects of culture medium on Tetraselmis chuii and Dunaliella tertiolecta: Implications for emerging pollutants degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142868. [PMID: 39025305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, laboratory-scale cultivation of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta was conducted using Conway, F/2, and TMRL media to evaluate their biochemical composition and economic costs. The highest cell density (30.36 × 106 cells/mL) and dry weight (0.65 g/L) for T. chuii were achieved with Conway medium. This medium also produced biomass with maximum lipid content (25.65%), proteins (27.84%), and total carbohydrates (8.45%) compared with F/2 and TMRL media. D. tertiolecta reached a maximum cell density of 17.50 × 106 cells/mL in F/2 medium, which was notably lower than that of T. chuii. Furthermore, the media cost varied from US$0.23 to US$0.74 for each 1 L of media, primarily due to the addition of Na3PO4, KNO3, and cyanocobalamin. Thus, biomass production rates varied between US$38.81 and US$128.80 per kg on a dry weight basis. These findings comprehensively compare laboratory conditions and the costs associated with biomass production in different media. Additionally, this study explored the potential of T. chuii and D. tertiolecta strains, as well as their consortia with bacteria, for the degradation of various emerging pollutants (EPs), including caffeine, salicylic acid, DEET, imidacloprid, MBT, cimetidine, venlafaxine, methylparaben, thiabendazole, and paracetamol. Both microalgal strains demonstrated effective degradation of EPs, with enhanced degradation observed in microalgae-bacterial consortia. These results suggest that the symbiotic relationship between microalgae and bacteria can be harnessed for the bioremediation of EPs, thereby offering valuable insights into the environmental applications of microalgal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khadije Ahmad Amin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed Salman Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Elleuch J, Thabet J, Ghribi I, Jabeur H, Hernandez LE, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Responses of Dunaliella sp. AL-1 to chromium and copper: biochemical and physiological studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2024:143133. [PMID: 39168386 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae have gained recognition as versatile candidates for the remediation of heavy metals (HMs). This study investigated the biosorption potential of Dunaliella sp. AL1 for copper (Cu(II)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in aqueous solutions. The marine microalga Dunaliella sp. AL1 was exposed to half-sublethal concentrations of both metals in single and bimetallic systems, and responses in algal growth, oxidative stress, photosynthetic pigment production, and photosynthetic performance were evaluated. Cu and/or Cr exposure increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microalgae cells but did not impact algal growth. In terms of photosynthesis, there was a decrease in chlorophylls and carotenoids production in the microalgae culture treated with Cr, either alone or in combination with Cu. The study recorded promising metal removal efficiencies: 26.67% - 20.11% for Cu and 94.99% - 95.51% for Cr, in single and bimetallic systems, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed an affinity of Cu and Cr ions towards aliphatic/aldehyde C-H, N-H bending, and phosphate groups, suggesting the formation of complex bonds. Biochemical analysis of microalgae biomass collected after the removal of Cr alone or in combination with Cu showed a significant decrease in total carbohydrate content and soluble protein levels. Meanwhile, higher lipid accumulation was recorded and evidenced by BODIPY 505/515 staining. Fatty acid composition analysis by GC revealed a modulation in lipid composition, with a decrease in the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA), in response to Cu, Cr, and Cu-Cr exposure, indicating the suitability of the biomass for sustainable biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Thabet
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Imtinen Ghribi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Luis Eduardo Hernandez
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology-Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Darwin 2, ES28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Yuan S, Du M, Li X, Xu K, Zhang K, Liu X, Wang J. Adaptability and nutritional analysis of a newly isolated Chlorella sp. NeZha in brackish and marine environments with potential bioeconomic impacts. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1460675. [PMID: 39206305 PMCID: PMC11349555 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1460675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microalga Chlorella sp. NeZha, recently isolated from a balcony environment, shows significant adaptability across various salinity conditions, including seawater (SeaW), freshwater (FreshW), and high salinity levels (45‰). This study investigates its potential for sustainable aquaculture and biotechnological applications. Methods Morphological and genetic identification were conducted using optical microscopy and DNA sequencing. The microalga was cultivated in a 400 L outdoor photobioreactor, and its biochemical composition, including chlorophyll a, carbohydrate, protein, and lipid content, was analyzed. Its compatibility with zooplankton and growth in aquaculture wastewater were also evaluated. Results Chlorella sp. NeZha produced chlorophyll a at concentrations exceeding seaweed and Spirulina by 10- and 5-fold, respectively, with a dry weight chlorophyll a content of 34.25 mg/g and 25 pg./cell. The microalga also contained carbohydrate (~33%), protein (~20%), and lipids (~14%). It was compatible with zooplankton species, such as rotifers and brine shrimp, and showed promising growth in aquaculture wastewater. Discussion The findings suggest that Chlorella sp. NeZha is a viable candidate for sustainable aquaculture and biotechnological applications, offering high nutritional value and environmental resilience. Its adaptability to diverse salinity conditions and ability to thrive in wastewater highlight its potential for bioremediation and use as feedstock for zooplankton. Further research is recommended to optimize its cultivation and explore broader applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co., Ltd., Sanya City, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co., Ltd., Sanya City, Hainan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaining Zhang
- PingYi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, LinYi, Shangdong, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- PingYi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, LinYi, Shangdong, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Fendri I, Smaoui S, Abdelkafi S. Tetraselmis species for environmental sustainability: biology, water bioremediation, and biofuel production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0. [PMID: 39060891 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
With increasing demand of fossil fuels and water pollution and their environmental impacts, marine green microalgae have gained special attention in both scientific and industrial fields. This is due to their fast growth in non-arable lands with high photosynthetic activity, their metabolic plasticity, as well as their high CO2 capture capacity. Tetraselmis species, green and eukaryotic microalgae, are not only considered as a valuable source of biomolecules including pigments, lipids, and starch but also widely used in biotechnological applications. Tetraselmis cultivation for high-value biomolecules and industrial use was demonstrated to be a non-cost-effective strategy because of its low demand in nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen. Recently, phycoremediation of wastewater rich in nutrients, chemicals, and heavy metals has become an efficient and economic-alternative that allows the detoxification of waters and induces mechanisms in algal cells for biomolecules rich-energy synthesis to regulate their metabolic pathways. This review aims to shed light on Tetraselmis species for their different culture conditions and metabolites bioaccumulation, as well as their human health and environmental applications. Additionally, phycoremediation of contaminants associated to biofuel production in Tetraselmis cells and their different intracellular and extracellular mechanisms have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée À l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Département de Génie Biologique, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Banskota AH, Stefanova R, Hui JPM, Bermarija T, Stemmler K, McGinn PJ, O’Leary SJB. Comprehensive Analysis of Biomass from Chlorella sorokiniana Cultivated with Industrial Flue Gas as the Carbon Source. Molecules 2024; 29:3368. [PMID: 39064946 PMCID: PMC11279589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorella sorokiniana, isolated from a pond adjacent to a cement plant, was cultured using flue gas collected directly from kiln emissions using 20 L and 25000 L photobioreactors. Lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides were analyzed to understand their overall composition for potential applications. The lipid content ranged from 17.97% to 21.54% of the dry biomass, with carotenoid concentrations between 8.4 and 9.2 mg/g. Lutein accounted for 55% of the total carotenoids. LC/MS analysis led to the identification of 71 intact triacylglycerols, 8 lysophosphatidylcholines, 10 phosphatidylcholines, 9 monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, 12 digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and 1 sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid were the main fatty acids. Polyunsaturated fatty acid covers ≥ 56% of total fatty acids. Protein isolates and polysaccharides were also extracted. Protein purity was determined to be ≥75% by amino acid analysis, with all essential amino acids present. Monomer analysis of polysaccharides suggested that they are composed of mainly D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-galactose, and D-(+)-glucose. The results demonstrate that there is no adverse effect on the metabolite profile of C. sorokiniana biomass cultured using flue gas as the primary carbon source, revealing the possibility of utilizing such algal biomass in industrial applications such as animal feed, sources of cosmeceuticals, and as biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun H. Banskota
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (R.S.); (J.P.M.H.); (T.B.); (K.S.); (P.J.M.); (S.J.B.O.)
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Wang L, Shi Q, Pan Y, Shi L, Huang X. ROS and Ca 2+ signaling involved in important lipid changes of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress conditions. PLANTA 2024; 260:39. [PMID: 38951320 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Nitrogen stress altered important lipid parameters and related genes in Chlorella pyrenoidosa via ROS and Ca2+ signaling. The mutual interference between ROS and Ca2+ signaling was also uncovered. The changed mechanisms of lipid parameters (especially lipid classes and unsaturation of fatty acids) in microalgae are not completely well known under nitrogen stress. Therefore, Chlorella pyrenoidosa was exposed to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g L-1 NaNO3 for 4 days. Then, the physiological and biochemical changes were measured. It was shown that the total lipid contents, neutral lipid ratios as well as their related genes (accD and DGAT) increased obviously while the polar lipid ratios, degrees of unsaturation as well as their related genes (PGP and desC) decreased significantly in nitrogen stress groups. The obvious correlations supported that gene expressions should be the necessary pathways to regulate the lipid changes in C. pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress. The changes in ROS and Ca2+ signaling as well as their significant correlations with corresponding genes and lipid parameters were analyzed. The results suggested that ROS and Ca2+ may regulate these gene expressions and lipid changes in C. pyrenoidosa under nitrogen stress conditions. This was verified by the subordinate tests with an ROS inhibitor and calcium reagents. It also uncovered the clues of mutual interference between ROS and Ca2+ signaling. To summarize, this study revealed the signaling pathways of important lipid changes in microalgae under N stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufu Wang
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yingying Pan
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Liqiu Shi
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xuxiong Huang
- China-ASEAN "The Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory of Marine Culture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Nanhui New City, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, People's Republic of China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Huang J, Wang H, Xue X, Zhang R. Impacts of microplastic and seawater acidification on unicellular red algae: Growth response, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, and extracellular polymer substances. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106960. [PMID: 38761586 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution and seawater acidification have increasingly become huge threats to the ocean ecosystem. Their impacts on microalgae are of great importance, since microalgae are the main primary producers and play a critical role in marine ecosystems. However, the impact of microplastics and acidification on unicellular red algae, which have a unique phycobiliprotein antenna system, remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of polystyrene-MPs alone and the combined effects of MPs and seawater acidification on the typical unicellular marine red algae Porphyridium purpureum were investigated in the current study. The result showed that, under normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were increased by 17.75-41.67 % compared to the control when microalgae were exposed to small-sized MPs (0.1 μm) at concentrations of 5-100 mg L-1. In addition, the photosystem II and antioxidant enzyme system were not subjected to negative effects. The large-sized MPs (1 μm) boosted microalgae growth at a low concentration of MPs (5 mg L-1). However, it was observed that microalgae growth was significantly inhibited when MPs concentration increased up to 50 and 100 mg L-1, accompanied by the remarkably reduced Fv/Fm value and the elevated levels of SOD, CAT enzymes, phycoerythrin (PE), and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Compared to the normal seawater condition, microalgae densities were enhanced by 52.11-332.56 % under seawater acidification, depending on MPs sizes and concentrations, due to the formed CO2-enrichment condition and appropriate pH range. PE content in microalgal cells was significantly enhanced, but SOD and CAT activities as well as EPS content markedly decreased under acidification conditions. Overall, the impacts of seawater acidification were more pronounced than MPs impacts on microalgae growth and physiological responses. These findings will contribute to a substantial understanding of the effects of MPs on marine unicellular red microalgae, especially in future seawater acidification scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
| | - Hanlong Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiwen Xue
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ruizeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
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Niu M, Chen X, Pan Y, Wang S, Xue L, Duan Y, Ahmad S, Zhou Y, Zhao K, Peng D. Biochar Effectively Promoted Growth of Ardisia crenata by Affecting the Soil Physicochemical Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1736. [PMID: 38999576 PMCID: PMC11243174 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is regarded as a soil improvement material possessing superior physical and chemical properties that can effectively enhance plant growth. However, there exists a paucity of research examining the efficacy of biochar in supplanting traditional materials and its subsequent impact on the growth of Ardisia crenata, which is currently domesticated as fruit ornamentals. In this study, the mechanism of biochar's effect on Ardisia crenata was analyzed by controlled experiments. For 180 days, their growth and development were meticulously assessed under different treatments through the measurement of various indices. Compared with the references, the addition of biochar led to an average increase in soil nutrient content, including a 14.1% rise in total nitrogen, a 564.1% increase in total phosphorus, and a 63.2% boost in total potassium. Furthermore, it improved the physical and chemical properties of the soil by reducing soil bulk density by 6.2%, increasing total porosity by 6.33%, and enhancing pore water by 7.35%, while decreasing aeration porosity by 1.11%. The growth and development of Ardisia crenata were better when the appending ratio of biochar was in the range of 30% to 50%, with the root parameters, such as root length, root surface area, and root volume, 48.90%, 62.00%, and 24.04% higher to reference. At the same time, the biomass accumulation of roots in the best group with adding biochar also increased significantly (55.80%). The addition of biochar resulted in a significant improvement in the content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b (1.947 mg g-1) and the net photosynthetic rate (5.6003 µmol m-2 s-1). This study's findings underpinned the addition of biochar in soil improvement and plant response. Therefore, biochar can favor the cultivation and industrial application of Ardisia crenata in the future, leading to an efficient and environmentally friendly industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqi Niu
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiuming Chen
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shunshun Wang
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Luyu Xue
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanru Duan
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Donghui Peng
- Cross-Strait Floriculture Industry Science and Technology Innovation Hub, Fujian Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Costa JID, Fenerick DC. Different light intensity on Messastrum gracile growth under phototrophic cultivation in laboratory. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01389-9. [PMID: 38839707 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present research evaluates the effects of three different lighting intensities, 60 (control), 30 and 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 on Messastrum gracile growth. The observations indicated that a light intensity of 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 resulted in higher cell density during experimental period. The light intensity of 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 had a strong negative impact on M. gracile growth. Parameters such as lipid and protein content, cell density, chlorophyll-a and biomass were lower compared to the other light intensities. On the 14th and 21st growth days, the biomass, lipid and protein content were higher at 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 with 800 mg L- 1, 5.7% and 34.4% biomass dry weight, respectively. The study also highlighted the economic aspects of M. gracile cultivation. The light intensities 30 and 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 were found to be more advantageous than 120 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 in terms of biomass, unit cost, lipid and protein content. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the light intensities of 30 and 60 µmol photons m- 2 s- 1 are more viable for M. gracile cultivation in laboratory under conditions used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-Tavares
- Laboratory of Limnology and Plankton Production, Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jesaias Ismael da Costa
- Laboratory of Limnology and Plankton Production, Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Fenerick
- Laboratory of Limnology and Plankton Production, Aquaculture Center, Universidade Estadual Paulista- UNESP, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Bogstie C, Gallant M, Elphick JR, Kennedy C. The relationship between cellular protein content and selenium accumulation in freshwater microalgae. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38785266 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Variability in the bioconcentration of selenium (Se) by primary producers at the base of the food web results in uncertainty in predictions of bioaccumulation and ecological risk to higher trophic level organisms. Water chemistry, speciation of Se, and periphyton community composition have all been suggested as factors that contribute to variability in bioconcentration by primary producers; however, the role of physiological composition of periphyton species in influencing the bioconcentration of Se has not been previously evaluated. To determine if a relationship exists between algal protein content and Se accumulation, Parachlorella kessleri, Chlorella vulgaris, and Raphidocelis subcapitata were exposed to Se (as selenate) and analyzed for total protein and tissue Se content in the exponential and stationary growth phases. Protein content and Se accumulation in R. subcapitata in the stationary phase were also measured under two light intensities. No relationship between cellular protein content and Se accumulation was found for algae in the exponential phase; however, a strong relationship was found in the stationary phase among species and for R. subcapitata under differing light intensities. Absolute Se accumulations by P. kessleri, C. vulgaris, and R. subcapitata in the stationary phase were statistically different; however, the concentrations of Se in protein were similar across species. These results suggest that cellular protein content in microalgae influences Se bioconcentration and that algal protein content may improve Se bioaccumulation modeling in food webs. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-10. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Bogstie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Christopher Kennedy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Lu S, Chu G, Gao C, Zhao Y, Chen W, Jin C, Wang Q, Gao M. Effect of light intensity on nitrogen transformation, enzymatic activity, antioxidant system and transcriptional response of Chlorella pyrenoidosa during treating mariculture wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130465. [PMID: 38373503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The nitrogen transformation, enzymatic activity, antioxidant ability and transcriptional response of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) treating mariculture wastewater were compared under different light intensities. The microalgal growth, chlorophyll synthesis and nitrogen removal ability of C. pyrenoidosa increased with the light intensity from 3000 to 7000 Lux, whereas they slightly decreased under 9000 and 11,000 Lux. The nitrogen metabolism enzymatic activities displayed obvious differences under different light intensities and affected the nitrogen transformation process. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production increased with the increase of operational time, whereas it had distinct differences under different light intensities. The changes of antioxidant enzymatic activities were positively correlated with the ROS production. The transcriptional response of C. pyrenoidosa was in accordance with the variation of the photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation and antioxidant system under different light intensities. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support to select suitable light intensity for algae treating mariculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Lu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guangyu Chu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qianzhi Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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13
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Zhang F, Li Y, Miao X. Quantum dot-based light conversion strategy for customized cultivation of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130489. [PMID: 38403170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with the potential to mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect by carbon fixation. However, their growth is typically limited by light availability. A wavelength converter utilizing red, blue, and green quantum dots (QDs) was developed to optimize light quality for enhancing microalgal production. The growth, lipid content, and eicosapentaenoic acid titer of Nannochloropsis increased by 11.2%, 9.5%, and 15.5% with red QDs, respectively. The biomass and triacylglycerol content of Phaeodactylum tricornutum increased by 8.6% and 35.0%, respectively. Simultaneously, biodiesel production was accelerated in Nannochloropsis (20.2%) and P. tricornutum (11.6%), and improved with increased cetane number and reduced iodine value. Furthermore, red QDs increased the growth and biomass accumulation of Nannochloropsis under low light, while green QDs shielded Nannochloropsis from photoinhibition under high light. This customizable QD-based methodology overcomes microalgal light limitations, demonstrating a universally applicable approach to improve microalgal cultivation and biochemical component production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Rezaei A, Cheniany M, Ahmadzadeh H, Vaezi J. A new isolate cold-adapted Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838: influence of light, temperature, and nitrogen concentration on growth characteristics and biochemical composition using the two-stage cultivation strategy. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:341-353. [PMID: 38281211 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Natural-based chemicals from microalgae such as lipids and pigments are the interests in industries and the bioeconomy. Cold-adapted Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838, an isolated strain from Cheshmeh-Sabz Lake in northeastern Iran, was cultivated using a two-stage culture strategy under different environmental conditions. With doubling the nitrate concentration at the vegetative stage (170 mg/L) and increasing the light intensity (180 µmol photons/m2/s) the highest specific growth rate (0.61 ± 0.02 per day) and biomass productivity (121.1 ± 7.2 mg/L/day) were observed at 25 °C. In the optimal growth condition Chl a and Chl b contents of Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838 reached the highest amount (11.07 ± 0.14 and 11.23 ± 0.29 µg/mL, respectively) at 25 °C. While carotenoid content correlated negatively with optimum biomass productivity (- 0.708) and had the best value (12.23 ± 0.29 µg/mL) in nitrogen deficiency (42 mg/L) and intense light conditions (180 µmol photons/m2/s) at 15 °C. Lipid content was increased with declined nitrate concentration (42 mg/L), high light intensity, and 180 µmol photons/m2/s at 25 °C. The highest percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (71.94%) and α-linolenic acid (57.73 ± 6.63%) was observed in conditions with 170 mg/L nitrate concentration and low light intensity (40 µmol photons/m2/ s) at the low temperature (15 °C). While saturated fatty acids content (43.27%) and palmitic acid reached the highest amount under 40 µmol photons/m2/s, 42 mg/L nitrate at 25 °C (35.02 ± 5.33%). Biomass productivity of Ankistrodesmus sp. OR119838, as a cold-adapted strain, decreased by only 8.2% with a 10-degree decline in temperature. Therefore, this strain has good potential to grow in open ponds by tolerating the daily temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Rezaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
| | - Monireh Cheniany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran.
| | - Jamil Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91779-48974, Iran
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15
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Liu Y, Du Z, Wu P, Zhang L. Optimization of stage conversion time and modification of cell metabolism to enhance lipid production of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa in two-stage cultivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130409. [PMID: 38295959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, the time of maximum biomass concentration in stage I is the widely adopted stage conversion time in two-stage microalgae culture. This study challenges this conventional approach, demonstrating that the optimal stage conversion time in stage I is 72 h rather than 120 h for achieving maximum biomass concentration. A comparison of cell characteristics revealed that algal cells at 72 h exhibited better growth potential, leading to a higher biomass concentration after transfer to stage II and, consequently, increased lipid productivity. Moreover, the use of phosphorus repletion (5-fold) in stage II directed carbon flux toward biomass growth and lipid accumulation, thereby enhancing lipid productivity. By optimizing the stage conversion time and implementing phosphorus repletion, the mean lipid productivity of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa cultured under autotrophy-nitrogen starvation and autotrophy-high light conditions increased by 31 % and 60 %, respectively. This study underscores the importance of reevaluating the currently widely used stage conversion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zengzhen Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Penghui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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16
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Mohanta A, Prasad N, Khadim SR, Singh P, Singh S, Singh A, Kayastha AM, Asthana RK. Optimizing light regimes for neutral lipid accumulation in Dunaliella salina MCC 43: a study on physiological status and carbon allocation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:82. [PMID: 38285311 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a favourable source of high lipid feedstock for biofuel and medicinal chemicals. Low biomass output from microalgae is a significant barrier to industrial-scale commercialisation. The current study aimed to determine how photosynthetic efficiency, carbon fixation, macromolecular synthesis, accumulation of neutral lipids, and antioxidative defence (ROS scavenging enzyme activities) of D. salina cells were affected by different light intensities (LI) (50, 100, 200, and 400 µmol m-2 s-1). The cells when exposed to strong light (400 µmol m-2 s-1) led to reduction in chlorophyll a but the carotenoid content increased by 19% in comparison to the control (LI 100). The amount of carbohydrate changed significantly under high light and in spite of stress inflicted on the cells by high irradiation, a considerable increase in activity of carbonic anhydrase and fixation rate of CO2 were recorded, thus, preserving the biomass content. The high light exposed biomass when subjected to nitrogen-deficient medium led to increase in lipid content (59.92% of the dry cell weight). However, neutral lipid made up 78.26% of the total lipid while other lipids like phospholipid and glycolipid content decreased, showing that the lipid was redistributed in these cells under nitrogen deprivation, making the organism more appropriate for biodiesel/jet fuel use. Although D. salina cells had a relatively longer generation time (3.5 d) than other microalgal cells, an economic analysis concluded that the amount of carotenoid they produced and the quality of their lipids made them more suited for commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mohanta
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Nitesh Prasad
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sk Riyazat Khadim
- P.G. Department of Botany, Dhenkanal Autonomous College, Dhenkanal, Odisha, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Biochemistry Department, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Savita Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Avinash Singh
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - A M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R K Asthana
- R. N. Singh Memorial Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Chen S, Li X, Ma X, Qing R, Chen Y, Zhou H, Yu Y, Li J, Tan Z. Lighting the way to sustainable development: Physiological response and light control strategy in microalgae-based wastewater treatment under illumination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166298. [PMID: 37591393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals link pollutant control with carbon dioxide reduction. Toward the goal of pollutant and carbon reduction, microalgae-based wastewater treatment (MBWT), which can simultaneously remove pollutants and convert carbon dioxide into biomass with value-added metabolites, has attracted considerable attention. The photosynthetic organism microalgae and the photobioreactor are the functional body and the operational carrier of the MBWT system, respectively; thus, light conditions profoundly influence its performance. Therefore, this review takes the general rules of how light influences the performance of MBWT systems as a starting point to elaborate the light-influenced mechanisms in microalgae and the light control strategies for photobioreactors from the inside out. Wavelength, light intensity and photoperiod solely or interactively affect biomass accumulation, pollutant removal, and value-added metabolite production in MBWT. Physiological processes, including photosynthesis, photooxidative damage, light-regulated gene expression, and nutrient uptake, essentially explain the performance influence of MBWT and are instructive for specific microalgal strain improvement strategies. In addition, light causes unique reactions in MBWT systems as it interacts with components such as photooxidative damage enhancers present in types of wastewater. In order to provide guidance for photobioreactor design and light control in a large-scale MBWT system, wavelength transformation, light transmission, light source distribution, and light-dark cycle should be considered in addition to adjusting the light source characteristics. Finally, based on current research vacancies and challenges, future research orientation should focus on the improvement of microalgae and photobioreactor, as well as the integration of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangxian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xinlei Ma
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Renwei Qing
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yangwu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Houzhen Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yadan Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhouliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Hong Y, Yang L, You X, Zhang H, Xin X, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Effects of light quality on microalgae cultivation: bibliometric analysis, mini-review, and regulation approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2. [PMID: 38015404 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing concern for energy shortages and greenhouse effect has triggered the development of sustainable green technologies. Microalgae have received more attention due to the characteristics of biofuel production and CO2 fixation. From the perspective of autotrophic growth, the optimization of light quality has the potential to promote biomass production and bio-component accumulation in microalgae at low cost. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to describe the basic features, identify the hotspots, and predict future trends of the research related to the light quality on microalgae cultivation. In addition, a mini-review referring to regulation methods of light quality was provided to optimize the framework of research. Results demonstrated that China has the greatest interest in this area. The destination of most research was to obtain biofuels and high-value-added products. Both blue and red lights were identified as the crucial spectrums for microalgae cultivation. However, sunlight is the most affordable light resource, which could not be fully utilized by microalgae through the photosynthetic process. Hence, some regulation approaches (e.g., dyes, plasmonic scattering, and carbon-based quantum dots) are proposed to increase the proportion of beneficial spectrum for enhancement of photosynthetic efficiency. In summary, this review introduces state-of-the-art research and provides theoretical guidance for light quality optimization in microalgae cultivation to obtain more benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Libin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haigeng Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaying Xin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Maltsev Y, Kulikovskiy M, Maltseva S. Nitrogen and phosphorus stress as a tool to induce lipid production in microalgae. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:239. [PMID: 37981666 PMCID: PMC10658923 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae, capable of accumulating large amounts of lipids, are of great value for biodiesel production. The high cost of such production stimulates the search for cultivation conditions that ensure their highest productivity. Reducing the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in the culture medium is widely used to change the content and productivity of lipids in microalgae. Achieving the right balance between maximum growth and maximum lipid content and productivity is the primary goal of many experimental works to ensure cost-effective biodiesel production from microalgae. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus in nutrient media for algal cultivation after converted to nitrogen (-N) and phosphorus (-P) lies in an extensive range: from 0.007 g L- 1 to 0.417 g L- 1 and from 0.0003 g L- 1 to 0.227 g L- 1 and N:P ratio from 0.12:1 to 823.33:1. When studying nutritional stress in microalgae, no single approach is used to determine the experimental concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. This precludes the possibility of correct interpretation of the data and may lead to erroneous conclusions. This work results from the systematisation of information on using nitrogen and phosphorus restriction to increase the lipid productivity of microalgae of different taxonomic and ecological groups to identify future research directions. The results of 301 experiments were included in the analysis using the principal components method. The investigation considered various divisions and classes: Cyanobacteria, Rhodophyta, Dinophyta, Haptophyta, Cryptophyta, Heterokontophyta/Ochrophyta (Bacillariophyceae, Eustigmatophyceae, Xanthophyceae), Chlorophyta, and also the ratio N:P, the time of the experiment, the light intensity during cultivation. Based on the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus existing in various nutrient media, a general scheme for designating the supply of nutrient media for nitrogen (as NO3- or NH4+, N g L- 1) and phosphorus (as РO4-, P g L- 1) has been proposed: replete -N (˃0.4 g L- 1), moderate -N (0.4-0.2), moderate N-limitation (0.19-0.1), strong N-limitation (˂0.1), without nitrogen (0), replete -Р (˃0.2), moderate -P (0.2-0.02), moderate P-limitation (0.019-0.01), strong P-limitation (˂0.01), without phosphorus (0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Maltsev
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- К.А. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Ahangar AK, Yaqoubnejad P, Divsalar K, Mousavi S, Taghavijeloudar M. Design a novel internally illuminated mirror photobioreactor to improve microalgae production through homogeneous light distribution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129577. [PMID: 37517708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel internally illuminated mirror photobioreactor (IIM-PBR) was designed to improve microalgae biomass production through providing a homogenous light distribution in cultivation medium. The performance of the IIM-PBR was compared with internally illuminated control photobioreactor (IIC-PBR) and externally illuminated control photobioreactor (EIC-PBR) in terms of cell growth, wastewater treatment and bioproducts generation. Compared with the IIC-PBR and EIC-PBR, the IIM-PBR increased microalgae growth rate up to 60 % and 30%, respectively. Municipal wastewater treatment revealed that the IIM-PBR could significantly improve nutrients removal as the final removal efficiencies of 90%, 95% and 90% were obtained for nitrate, phosphate and COD, respectively. Moreover, the IIM-PBR increased the total bioproducts production by 89% and 46% compared to in the IIC-PBR and EIC-PBR, respectively. Based on the energy consumption calculation, the mirror's light-reflective properties of the IIM-PBR resulted in a significant reduction of total energy consumption (∼10 times).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khaleghzadeh Ahangar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Poone Yaqoubnejad
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Keyhan Divsalar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Shokouh Mousavi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, 47148-71167 Babol, Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghavijeloudar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-744 Seoul, South Korea.
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An SM, Cho K, Kim ES, Ki H, Choi G, Kang NS. Description and Characterization of the Odontella aurita OAOSH22, a Marine Diatom Rich in Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Fucoxanthin, Isolated from Osan Harbor, Korea. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:563. [PMID: 37999387 PMCID: PMC10671887 DOI: 10.3390/md21110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Third-generation biomass production utilizing microalgae exhibits sustainable and environmentally friendly attributes, along with significant potential as a source of physiologically active compounds. However, the process of screening and localizing strains that are capable of producing high-value-added substances necessitates a significant amount of effort. In the present study, we have successfully isolated the indigenous marine diatom Odontella aurita OAOSH22 from the east coast of Korea. Afterwards, comprehensive analysis was conducted on its morphological, molecular, and biochemical characteristics. In addition, a series of experiments was conducted to analyze the effects of various environmental factors that should be considered during cultivation, such as water temperature, salinity, irradiance, and nutrients (particularly nitrate, silicate, phosphate, and iron). The morphological characteristics of the isolate were observed using optical and electron microscopes, and it exhibited features typical of O. aurita. Additionally, the molecular phylogenetic inference derived from the sequence of the small-subunit 18S rDNA confirmed the classification of the microalgal strain as O. aurita. This isolate has been confirmed to contain 7.1 mg g-1 dry cell weight (DCW) of fucoxanthin, a powerful antioxidant substance. In addition, this isolate contains 11.1 mg g-1 DCW of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which is one of the nutritionally essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, this indigenous isolate exhibits significant potential as a valuable source of bioactive substances for various bio-industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nam Seon Kang
- Department of Microbial Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Republic of Korea; (S.M.A.); (K.C.); (E.S.K.); (H.K.); (G.C.)
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22
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Singh Chauhan D, Sahoo L, Mohanty K. Acclimation-driven microalgal cultivation improved temperature and light stress tolerance, CO 2 sequestration and metabolite regulation for bioenergy production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 385:129386. [PMID: 37364652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates temperature and light impact on the ability of Micractinium pusillum microalgae to mitigate CO2 and produce bioenergy in semi-continuous mode. Microalgae were exposed to temperatures (15, 25, and 35 °C) and light intensities (50, 350, and 650 μmol m-2 s-1), including two temperature cycles, 25 °C had the maximum growth rate, with no significant difference at 35 °C and light intensities of 350 and 650 μmol m-2 s-1. 15 °C temperature and 50 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity reduced growth. Increased light intensity accelerated growth, CO2 utilization with carbon and bioenergy accumulation. Microalgae demonstrate rapid primary metabolic adjustment and acclimation reactions in response to changes in light and temperature conditions. Temperature correlated positively with carbon and nitrogen fixation, CO2 fixation, and carbon accumulation in the biomass, whereas there was no correlation found between light. In the temperature regime experiment, higher light intensity boosted nutrient and CO2 utilization, carbon buildup, and biomass bioenergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepesh Singh Chauhan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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23
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Luo Y, Ding Y, Jiang X, Zeng G, Peng R, Han Q, Jiang M. Effects of low temperature and highlight stress on lipid accumulation and cell structure of Tropidoneis maxima. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:1139-1152. [PMID: 37339809 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Tropidoneis maxima is a marine diatom with a rapid growth rate that produces high levels of lipids. To explore whether the lipid content could be further enhanced, cultures were first incubated under optimal conditions and then stressed under low temperature (10°C), a high light intensity level (80 μmol/m2 ·s), and the two factors together (interaction treatment). The results indicated that high light intensity and the temperature-light interaction exhibited greater impacts on lipid synthesis of T. maxima than low temperature. The two stress treatments increased lipid content by 17.16% and 16.6% compared to the control. In particular, higher biomass concentration was obtained with high light intensity (1.082 g L-1 ) and low temperature (1.026 g L-1 ). Moreover, high light intensity (9.06%) and interaction (10.3%) treatments yielded lower starch content compared to low temperature (14.27%) at the end of the stress culture. After 3 days of stress culture, the high light intensity treatment resulted in a 97.01% increase in cell wall thickness and an 18.46% decrease in cell diameter. The results suggest that high light intensity stress on T. maxima would open a new approach to cost-effective biolipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuhui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoquan Zeng
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Maowang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Ricky R, Shanthakumar S. An investigation on removal of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin by phycoremediation with an emphasis on acute toxicity and biochemical composition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13911. [PMID: 37626153 PMCID: PMC10457305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41144-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) belong to the class of emerging contaminants that are frequently detected in the aquatic environment as a binary mixture, responsible for the development of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aims to investigate five different algal species Chlorella vulgaris (Cv), Chlorella pyrenoidosa (Cp), Scenedesmus obliquus (So), Tetradesmus sp (T) and Monoraphidium sp (M) for their tolerance and removal of binary mixture. The effects on biochemical composition in the algal species concerning the binary mixture and its removal efficiency are first reported in this study. The acute toxicity (96 h EC50) values are in the order of So > Cp > T > M > Cv, Chlorella vulgaris is the most sensitive algal species with 17.73 ± 0.24 mg/L and Scenedesmus obliquus is the least sensitive algal species with 39.19 ± 0.79 mg/L. The removal efficiency of the binary mixture was found to be in the order of So > Cp > T > M > Cv, Scenedesmus obliquus removed CIP (52.4%) and NOR (87.5%) with biodegradation as the major contributing removal mechanism. Furthermore, less toxic biotransformed products were detected in Scenedesmus obliquus and the biochemical characterization revealed that the growth-stimulating effect is higher with lipid (35%), carbohydrate (18%), and protein (33%) providing an advantage in the production of valuable biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ricky
- Department of Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India
| | - S Shanthakumar
- Centre for Clean Environment, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, India.
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25
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Li S, Xie P, Chang H, Ho SH. Simultaneously enhancement in the assimilation of microalgal nitrogen and the accumulation of carbohydrate by Debaryomyces hansenii. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139183. [PMID: 37302499 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae-based techniques are considered an alternative to traditional activated sludge processes for removing nitrogen from wastewater. Bacteria consortia have been broadly conducted as one of the most important partners. However, fungal effects on the removal of nutrients and changes in physiological properties of microalgae, and their impact mechanisms remain unclear. The current work demonstrates that, adding fungi increased the nitrogen assimilation of microalgae and the generation of carbohydrates compared to pure microalgal cultivation. The NH4+-N removal efficiency was 95.0% within 48 h using the microalgae-fungi system. At 48 h, total sugars (glucose, xylose, and arabinose) accounted for 24.2 ± 4.2% per dry weight in the microalgae-fungi group. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that, among various processes, phosphorylation and carbohydrate metabolic processes were more prominent. Gene encoding the key enzymes of glycolysis, pyruvate kinase, and phosphofructokinase were significantly up-regulated. Overall, for the first time, this study provides new insights into the art of microalgae-fungi consortia for producing value-added metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Peng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150090, China.
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26
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Liu Y, Wei D. Enhancing carbon dioxide fixation and co-production of protein and lutein in oleaginous Coccomyxa subellipsoidea by a stepwise light intensity and nutrients feeding strategy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128885. [PMID: 36925078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To achieve high-efficient CO2 fixation and co-production of protein and lutein, a stepwise light intensity and nutrients feeding strategy in two-phase cultivation was developed after optimization in one-phase culture of oleaginous C. subellipsoidea in this work. Results showed the incremental light intensity and CO2 feeding boosted biomass production in phase 1, then a decreased light intensity and CO2 feeding with nitrate addition enhanced protein and lutein synthesis in phase2. The highest biomass (9.40 g/L) and average CO2 fixation rate (1.4 g/L/d) were achieved with excellent content and productivity of protein (52.36% DW, 435.72 mg/L/d) and lutein (1.65 mg/g, 1.37 mg/L/d) with 40.27% of light-energy saved. While the highest contents of total amino acids (42.38% DW) and essential amino acids (17.65% DW) were obtained with an essential amino acid index (1.2) compared with FAO/WHO reference. This study provided a promising application scenario of oleaginous microalgae for carbon neutrality and multiple high-value compounds co-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, Engineering Research Center of Starch and Vegetable Protein Processing Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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27
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Silva JC, Quirós SE, Lombardi AT, Figueroa FL. Biomass, photosynthetic activity, and biomolecule composition in Chlorella fusca (Chlorophyta) cultured in a raceway pond operated under greenhouse conditions. J Biotechnol 2023; 367:98-105. [PMID: 37059304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Raceways are widely used as microalgae culture systems due to their low cost, but they are not the best option for biomass yield. Understanding in situ photosynthetic performance can be a first step to increase their biomass productivity. This study aimed at comparing the real time photosynthetic activity in a greenhouse raceway culture (250L) with discrete measurements under laboratory conditions. We evaluated the photophysiology and biochemical composition of Chlorella fusca culture up to 120h. In situ photosynthetic activity was continuously monitored and compared to discrete ex situ measurements; biochemical compounds were measured daily. The results showed a final biomass density of 0.45gL-1 (5 days - 120h) and an increase of the electron transport rate (ETR) up to 48h but decreased thereafter. When the relative ETR was estimated considering the absorption coefficient (a) positive correlations of this parameter with photosynthetic capacity, cell density, biomass, biocompounds and antioxidant activity were obtained, whereas no correlation was detected without considering a. In situ photosynthesis monitoring showed higher absolute maximal ETR (10 - 160 μmol m-3s-1) than discrete ex situ measurements. We demonstrated the importance of considering the light absorption coefficient for expressing photosynthetic capacity and showed that C. fusca can produce, in the short-term, bioactive compounds that are correlated to photosynthetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
| | - S E Quirós
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Facultad de Ciencias. Campus Univ. Teatinos s/n E-29071 Málaga. Spain
| | - A T Lombardi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Algas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - F L Figueroa
- Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Facultad de Ciencias. Campus Univ. Teatinos s/n E-29071 Málaga. Spain
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28
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Teng Z, Zheng L, Yang Z, Li L, Zhang Q, Li L, Chen W, Wang G, Song L. Biomass production and astaxanthin accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis in large-scale outdoor culture based on year-round survey: Influencing factors and physiological response. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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29
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Iglesias MJ, Soengas R, López-Ortiz F, Biondi N, Tredici MR, Gutiérrez-Del-Río I, López-Ibáñez S, Villar CJ, Lombó F, López Y, Gabasa Y, Soto S. Effect of culture conditions at lab-scale on metabolite composition and antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Dunaliella tertiolecta. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:356-369. [PMID: 36690599 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella tertiolecta RCC6 was cultivated indoors in glass bubble column photobioreactors operated under batch and semi-continuous regimens and using two different conditions of light and temperature. Biomass was harvested by centrifugation, frozen, and then lyophilized. The soluble material was obtained by sequential extraction of the lyophilized biomass with solvents with a gradient of polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) and its metabolic composition was investigated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The effect of light on chlorophyll biosynthesis was clearly shown through the relative intensities of the 1 H NMR signals due to pheophytins. The highest signal intensity was observed for the biomasses obtained at lower light intensity, resulting in a lower light availability per cell. Under high temperature and light conditions, the 1 H NMR spectra of the hexane extracts showed an incipient accumulation of triacylglycerols. In these conditions and under semi-continuous regimen, an enhancement of β-carotene and sterols production was observed. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts were also tested. Antibacterial activity was not detected, regardless of culture conditions. In contrast, the minimal biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) against Escherichia coli for the hexane extract obtained under semi-continuous regimen using high temperature and irradiance conditions was promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Iglesias
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Soengas
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Natascia Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario R Tredici
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignacio Gutiérrez-Del-Río
- Área de Microbiología, Research Group BIONUC, Universidad de Oviedo, IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara López-Ibáñez
- Área de Microbiología, Research Group BIONUC, Universidad de Oviedo, IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudio J Villar
- Área de Microbiología, Research Group BIONUC, Universidad de Oviedo, IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felipe Lombó
- Área de Microbiología, Research Group BIONUC, Universidad de Oviedo, IUOPA (Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias), ISPA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yuly López
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gabasa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Soto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Laboratory- and Pilot-Scale Cultivation of Tetraselmis striata to Produce Valuable Metabolic Compounds. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020480. [PMID: 36836837 PMCID: PMC9962084 DOI: 10.3390/life13020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine microalgae are considered an important feedstock of multiple valuable metabolic compounds of high biotechnological potential. In this work, the marine microalga Tetraselmis striata was cultivated in different scaled photobioreactors (PBRs). Initially, experiments were performed using two different growth substrates (a modified F/2 and the commercial fertilizer Nutri-Leaf (30% TN-10% P-10% K)) to identify the most efficient and low-cost growth medium. These experiments took place in 4 L glass aquariums at the laboratory scale and in a 9 L vertical tubular pilot column. Enhanced biomass productivities (up to 83.2 mg L-1 d-1) and improved biomass composition (up to 41.8% d.w. proteins, 18.7% d.w. carbohydrates, 25.7% d.w. lipids and 4.2% d.w. total chlorophylls) were found when the fertilizer was used. Pilot-scale experiments were then performed using Nutri-Leaf as a growth medium in different PBRs: (a) a paddle wheel, open, raceway pond of 40 L, and (b) a disposable polyethylene (plastic) bag of 280 L working volume. Biomass growth and composition were also monitored at the pilot scale, showing that high-quality biomass can be produced, with important lipids (up to 27.6% d.w.), protein (up to 45.3% d.w.), carbohydrate (up to 15.5% d.w.) and pigment contents (up to 4.2% d.w. total chlorophylls), and high percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The research revealed that the strain successfully escalated in larger volumes and the biochemical composition of its biomass presents high commercial interest and could potentially be used as a feed ingredient.
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NADPH oxidase contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:199-207. [PMID: 36504267 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an important role in oxidative stress and are related to the lipid accumulation in microalgae. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can oxidize O2 to O2- ultimately. However, the function of NADPH oxidase and its contribution to the production of the intracellular total ROS are still unclear. In this study, the function of NADPH oxidase in Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) was investigated by adding activators Ca2+ and NADPH and inhibitors EGTA, LaCl3, DPI and BAPTA of NADPH oxidase. The results show that the addition of activators of Ca2+ or NADPH significantly increased the intracellular concentrations of ROS molecules (H2O2, O2-, and OH·) in C. pyrenoidosa. Moreover, the intracellular ROS level was higher under the nitrogen-deficient and phosphorus-deficient conditions than in control condition, but the addition of the inhibitors (EGTA, LaCl3, DPI, and BAPTA) of NADPH oxidase significantly reduced the intracellular concentrations of H2O2, O2-, and OH·. The study shows that NADPH oxidase actively participated in the production of intracellular ROS in C. pyrenoidosa, demonstrating that NADPH oxidase was another important element in the production of intracellular ROS in addition to mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysozymes in microalgae.
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Chin GJWL, Andrew AR, Abdul-Sani ER, Yong WTL, Misson M, Anton A. The effects of light intensity and nitrogen concentration to enhance lipid production in four tropical microalgae. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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33
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Nordio R, Delgado FJ, Sánchez-Zurano A, Hernandez JG, Rodríguez-Miranda E, Guzmán JL, Lafarga T, Acién G. Long-term assessment of the nutrient recovery capacity and biomass productivity of Scenedesmus almeriensis in raceway reactors using unprocessed urban wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128374. [PMID: 36423751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present work aims to assess the treatment of unprocessed urban wastewater using the microalga Scenedesmus almeriensis. Two 12 m3 raceway reactors, one supplemented by wastewater and the second by chemical fertilizer, operating outdoors in a semi-continuous mode, were used for eight months. Results suggested that S. almeriensis can be produced in wastewater without affecting the photosynthetic apparatus reaching a productivity of 13 g·m-2·day-1 on average in both the systems. Furthermore, the nutrient content in terms of nitrogen, phosphorous and chemical oxygen demand of the wastewater was reduced under the European limitations during most of the period, with an average removal rate of 2.2, 0.2 and 3.0 g·m-2·day-1 respectively. Therefore, raceways demonstrated a high potential for microalgal production and successful biotreatment, proving robust and reliable. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on biomass productivity of the clean system was evaluated in a model with high accuracy (R2 = 0.9, p = 0.0002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Nordio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Zurano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Guzmán
- CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain; Department of Informatics, Universidad de Almería, ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Tomás Lafarga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Almería, E04120 Almería, Spain; CIESOL Solar Energy Research Centre, Joint Centre University of Almería-CIEMAT, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Light-Dependent Nitrate Removal Capacity of Green Microalgae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010077. [PMID: 36613517 PMCID: PMC9820755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was used to investigate total nitrate removal in TAP medium with sodium nitrate as the sole nitrogen source under several light conditions made up of permuted combinations of three light colors (referred to as blue, red, and white light) and three light intensities (50 µmol m-2 s-1, 100 µmol m-2 s-1, and 250 µmol m-2 s-1). It was observed that nitrate removal efficiency is influenced by light color as well as light intensity. Additionally, Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216 was cultivated in synthetic wastewater under four light conditions, namely, Blue 250, Blue 125 + Red 125, Red 250, and White 250, where it showed the highest nitrate removal efficiency and nitrate reductase activity under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. To observe the impact of light color on the nitrate removal capacity of Chlamydomonas sp. MACC-216, the expression of five genes participating in nitrate transport and reduction (NRT1, NRT2.1, NRT2.2, NIA, and MCP) was also analyzed; these genes showed the highest expression under the Blue 125 + Red 125 light condition. Based on the above-mentioned findings, the blue + red light combination emerged as a promising light combination for nitrate removal. Hence, our study suggests the importance of the blue + red light combination together with high light intensity, as the optimal light condition for nitrate removal from synthetic wastewater in comparison to other monochromatic lights with high light intensity.
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35
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Systems biology's role in leveraging microalgal biomass potential: Current status and future perspectives. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gong G, Wu B, Liu L, Li J, He M, Hu G. Enhanced biomass and lipid production by light exposure with mixed culture of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris using acetate as sole carbon source. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128139. [PMID: 36252765 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biomass and lipid production with mixed-culture of Rhodotorula glutinis and Chlorella vulgaris using acetate as sole carbon source was investigated. Synergistic effect of mixed-culture using 20 g/L acetate significantly promoted cell growth and acetate utilization efficiency. Increasing the proportion of algae in co-culture was beneficial for biomass and lipid accumulation and the optimal ratio of yeast/algae was 1:2. Light exposure further enhanced biomass and lipid titer with 6.9 g/L biomass and 2.6 g/L lipid (38.3 % lipid content) obtained in a 5L bioreactor. The results of lipid classes and fatty acid profiles moreover indicated that more neutral lipids and linolenic acid were synthesized in mixed-culture under light exposure condition, suggesting the great potential in applications of biofuels production. This study provided new insight and strategy for economical microbial biomass and lipid production by light-exposed mixed-culture using inexpensive acetate as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Gong
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Linpei Liu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianting Li
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoquan Hu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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37
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Jebali A, Sanchez MR, Hanschen ER, Starkenburg SR, Corcoran AA. Trait drift in microalgae and applications for strain improvement. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108034. [PMID: 36089253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are increasingly used to generate a wide range of commercial products, and there is growing evidence that microalgae-based products can be produced sustainably. However, industrial production of microalgal biomass is not as developed as other biomanufacturing platform technologies. In addition, results of bench-scale research often fail to translate to large-scale or mass production systems. This disconnect may result from trait drift and evolution occurring, through time, in response to unique drivers in each environment, such as cultivation regimes, weather, and pests. Moreover, outdoor and indoor cultivation of microalgae has the potential to impose negative selection pressures, which makes the maintenance of desired traits a challenge. In this context, this review sheds the light on our current understanding of trait drift and evolution in microalgae. We delineate the basics of phenotype plasticity and evolution, with a focus on how microalgae respond under various conditions. In addition, we review techniques that exploit phenotypic plasticity and evolution for strain improvement in view of industrial commercial applications, highlighting associated advantages and shortcomings. Finally, we suggest future research directions and recommendations to overcome unwanted trait drift and evolution in microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jebali
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA.
| | - Monica R Sanchez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Erik R Hanschen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | - Alina A Corcoran
- New Mexico Consortium, 4200 W. Jemez Road, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
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38
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Sun Y, Hu D, Chang H, Li S, Ho SH. Recent progress on converting CO 2 into microalgal biomass using suspended photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127991. [PMID: 36262000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneous light distribution and poor CO2 transfer capacity are two critical concerns impeding microalgal photosynthesis in practical suspended photobioreactors (PBRs). To provide valuable guidance on designing high-performance PBRs, recent progress on enhancing light and CO2 availabilities is systematically summarized in this review. Particularly, for the first time, the strategies on elevating light availability are classified and discussed from the perspectives of increasing incident light intensity, introducing internal illumination, optimizing flow field, regulating biomass concentrations, and enlarging illumination surface areas. Meanwhile, the strategies on enhancing CO2 light availability are outlined from the aspects of generating smaller bubbles, extending bubbles residence time, and facilitating CO2 dissolution using extra additives. Given the microalgal biomass production using current PBRs are still suffering from low productivity and economic feasibility, the possible future directions for PBRs implementation and development are presented. Altogether, this review is beneficial to furthering development of PBRs as a practical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Sun
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Hebei Provincial Lab of Water Environmental Sciences, Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China
| | - Deshen Hu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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39
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Khoobkar Z, Delavari Amrei H, Heydarinasab A, Mirzaie MAM. Biofixation of CO2 and biomass production from model natural gas using microalgae: An attractive concept for natural gas sweetening. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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40
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Sezer M, Tanatti NP, Şengil İA. Interaction of TiO 2 nanoparticles with the C. vulgaris: oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and lipid amount. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2020-2031. [PMID: 36315093 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are widely used in many industries such as food and cosmetics. With increasing use, its spread to environmental environments is also increasing. Microalgae have an important place in the uptake of nanoparticles into the food chain. In this study, the effect of TiO2 nanoparticle on antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, chlorophyll-a and total lipid amount in C. vulgaris microalgae has been investigated. As a result of the dose study, while the superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activities decreased, the amount of MDA, H2O2 and chlorophyll-a increased. Depending on the times at different light:dark ratios, both an increase and a decrease occurred in the SOD, APX enzyme activity and the amount of MDA, H2O2. There was an increase in the amount of chlorophyll-a. In the time study, while the SOD and APX enzyme activities increased, the amount of MDA and H2O2 decreased. The amount of chlorophyll-a increased. In the total lipid study, the total lipid amount in the group with nano TiO2 increased compared to the control group. At the same time, C18:2 T (linoleic acid) has been found as fatty acid methyl ester in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Sezer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41100, Turkey E-mail:
| | - N Pınar Tanatti
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya 54100, Turkey
| | - İsmail Ayhan Şengil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54100 Turkey
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41
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Dai JL, Song DX, Chen HH, Liang MH, Jiang JG. Effects of Piperonyl Butoxide on the Accumulation of Lipid and the Transcript Levels of DtMFPα in Dunaliella tertiolecta. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12074-12084. [PMID: 36122177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the sources of biodiesel, microalgae are expected to solve petroleum shortage. In this study, different concentrations of piperonyl butoxide were added to the culture medium to investigate their effects on the growth, pigment content, lipid accumulation, and content of carotenoids in Dunaliella tertiolecta. The results showed that piperonyl butoxide addition significantly decreased the biomass, chlorophyll content, and total carotenoid content but hugely increased the lipid accumulation. With the treatment of 150 ppm piperonyl butoxide combined with 8000 Lux light intensity, the final lipid accumulation and single-cell lipid content were further increased by 21.79 and 76.42% compared to those of the control, respectively. The lipid accumulation in D. tertiolecta is probably related to the increased expression of DtMFPα in D. tertiolecta under the action of piperonyl butoxide. The phylogenetic trees of D. tertiolecta and other oil-rich plants were constructed by multiple sequence alignment of DtMFPα, demonstrating their evolutionary relationship, and the tertiary structure of DtMFPα was predicted. In conclusion, piperonyl butoxide has a significant effect on lipid accumulation in D. tertiolecta, which provides valuable insights into chemical inducers to enhance biodiesel production in microalgae to solve the problem of diesel shortage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jv-Liang Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - De-Xing Song
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hao-Hong Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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42
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Prihanto AA, Jatmiko YD, Nurdiani R, Miftachurrochmah A, Wakayama M. Freshwater Microalgae as Promising Food Sources: Nutritional and Functional Properties. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2206200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of researchers have predicted that the current food crisis is predicted to worsen in 2050. The prediction of this crisis is aligned with climate change causing increases in some basic foodstuff prices. Therefore, everyone should prepare to consume alternative foods at an early stage. Alternative foods have been widely developed, one of which involves microalgae. However, the type of microalgae produced by some countries on a large scale consists of only oceanic/seawater microalgae. This will have an impact on and hinder development in countries that do not have these resources. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the use of microalgae derived from freshwater. Unfortunately, freshwater microalgae are still rarely investigated for use as alternative foods. However, there is considerable potential to utilize freshwater microalgae, and these algae are very abundant and diverse. In terms of nutritional properties, compared to oceanic / seawater microalgae, freshwater microalgae contain nearly the same protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins. There are even more species whose composition is similar to those currently consumed foods, such as beef, chicken, beans, eggs, and corn. In addition to dietary properties, freshwater microalgae also have functional properties, due to the presence of pigments, sterols, fatty acids, and polyphenols. Given the potential of freshwater microalgae, these aquatic resources need to be developed for potential use as future food resources.
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43
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Tiong ZW, Rawindran H, Leong WH, Liew CS, Wong YY, Kiatkittipong W, Abdelfattah EA, Show PL, Rahmah AU, Tong WY, Lim JW. Impact of Various Visible Spectra on Attached Microalgal Growth on Palm Decanter Cake in Triggering Protein, Carbohydrate, and Lipid to Biodiesel Production. Processes (Basel) 2022; 10:1583. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Attached microalgal growth of Chlorella vulgaris on palm decanter cake (PDC) under irradiation with various visible monochromatic and polychromatic spectra to produce biodiesel was studied in this work. The results demonstrated that the white spectrum cultivation exhibited the highest microalgal density of 1.13 g/g along with 1.213 g/L day of microalgal productivity. Correspondingly, the biodiesel obtained was comprised mainly of C16 and C18 fatty acids, possessing a high cetane number and oxidation stability from the high saturated fatty acid content (70.38%), which was appealing in terms of most biodiesel production requirements. Nevertheless, the highest lipid content (14.341%) and lipid productivity (93.428 mg/L per day) were discovered with green spectrum cultivation. Blue and white spectra led to similar protein contents (34%) as well as carbohydrate contents (61%), corroborating PDC as a feasible carbon and nutrient source for growing microalgae. Lastly, the energy feasibilities of growing the attached microalgae under visible spectra were investigated, with the highest net energy ratio (NER) of 0.302 found for the yellow spectrum. This value outweighed that in many other works which have used suspended growth systems to produce microalgal fuel feedstock. The microalgal growth attached to PDC is deemed to be a suitable alternative cultivation mode for producing sustainable microalgal feedstock for the biofuel industry.
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Modelling Nannochloropsis gaditana Growth in Reactors with Different Geometries, Determination of Kinetic Parameters and Biochemical Analysis in Response to Light Intensity. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular and photosynthetic microorganisms which grow thanks to inorganic salts, CO2 and light, and find applications in several fields thanks to their variety. The industrial application of microalgae has not often been fully exploited because of a lack of information about how microalgae respond to inputs and to different growth environments. In the present work a model able to predict the microalgae growth in reactors with different geometries was developed. We combined a Monod-like model for the specific growth rate with the Lambert-Beer law of homogeneous light distribution in thick photobioreactors. Kinetic parameters related to the cultivation of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana were obtained, for the first time through batch cultivation under different photon flux densities inside a quasi-isoactinic photobioreactor, in order to obtain a practically homogeneous light distribution. The maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant resulted, respectively as µmax = 0.0256 h−1 and Ik = 15.28 µE s−1m−2. These parameters were applied to the model to obtain data on microalgae growth in different geometries. Model simulation results are presented and discussed. Furthermore, biochemical analysis was performed on the biomass obtained at the end of each batch cultivation, grown both under different light intensities and in reactors with different configurations. Results indicated that lipid content increases with increasing average photon flux density. The fatty acid and carotenoids profiles markedly shift when the average light intensity varies: the PUFA content decreases and the SFA content increases when the average light intensity rises, and an accumulation of carotenoids at lower photon flux densities is observed. In conclusion, the model resulted in a useful tool, able to predict the growth of the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana in reactors with different configurations.
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45
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Protein potential of Desmodesmus asymmetricus grown in greenhouse as an alternative food source for aquaculture. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Lin JY, Tan SI, Yi YC, Hsiang CC, Chang CH, Chen CY, Chang JS, Ng IS. High-level production and extraction of C-phycocyanin from cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 for antioxidation, antibacterial and lead adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112283. [PMID: 34699757 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change because carbon dioxide (CO2) release to atmosphere is the forecasting challenges to human being. We are facing how to overcome the dilemma on the balance between economic and environment, thus taking more efforts on green processes to meet agreement of sustainable society are urgent and crucial. The absorption of CO2 by microalgae reduces the impact of CO2 on the environment. In this study, the CO2 removal efficiency was the highest in the culture of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002 (also called blue-green algae), at 2% CO2 to reach a value of 0.86 g-CO2/g-DCW. The main product of PCC7002 is C-phycocyanin (C-PC) which regarding to phycobilisome complex in all cyanobacterial species. A 160% increasing C-PC was achieved in the cultivation under 100 μmol/m2/s light intensity, 12:12 light-period with 2% CO2 at 30 °C. The mix-culture of nitric and ammonia ions had positive effect on the cell growth and C-PC accumulation, thus realized the highest yield of 0.439 g-CPC/g-DCW. Additionally, the partial purified C-PC displayed 89% antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 11% of superoxide free radical scavenging activity, respectively. The production of C-PC from PCC7002 reduced the CO2 emission and exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and lead ion adsorption at room temperature, which has the great potential for eco-friendly application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Shih-I Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chieh Hsiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Bialevich V, Zachleder V, Bišová K. The Effect of Variable Light Source and Light Intensity on the Growth of Three Algal Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081293. [PMID: 35455972 PMCID: PMC9028354 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is the essential energy source for autotrophically growing organisms, including microalgae. Both light intensity and light quality affect cell growth and biomass composition. Here we used three green algae—Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Desmodesmus quadricauda, and Parachlorella kessleri—to study the effects of different light intensities and light spectra on their growth. Cultures were grown at three different light intensities (100, 250, and 500 µmol m−2 s−1) and three different light sources: fluorescent lamps, RGB LEDs, and white LEDs. Cultures of Desmodesmus quadricauda and Parachlorella kessleri were saturated at 250 µmol m−2 s−1, and further increasing the light intensity did not improve their growth. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures did not reach saturation under the conditions used. All species usually divide into more than two daughter cells by a mechanism called multiple fission. Increasing light intensity resulted in an increase in maximum cell size and division into more daughter cells. In Parachlorella kessleri cells, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments decreased with light intensity. Different light sources had no effect on algal growth or photosynthetic pigments. The results show a species-specific response of algae to light intensity and support the use of any white light source for their cultivation without negative effects on growth.
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48
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Freitas BCB, Morais MG, Costa JAV.
Chlorella minutissima
grown with xylose and arabinose in tubular photobioreactors: Evaluation of kinetics, carbohydrate production, and protein profile. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara C. B. Freitas
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Michele G. Morais
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Microbiology and Biochemistry Rio Grande Brazil
| | - Jorge A. V. Costa
- College of Chemistry and Food Engineering Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Rio Grande Brazil
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49
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Tunay D, Yildirim O, Ozkaya B, Demir A. Determination of photoautotrophic growth and inhibition kinetics by the Monod and the Aiba models and bioenergetics of local microalgae strain. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133330. [PMID: 34933034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The usage of fossil fuels results in a high amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and renewable green energy requirements entail saving ecological balance. Therefore, microalgae cultivation is widespread as a suitable raw material to produce renewable and sustainable fuel. Mathematical models are useful tools for the estimation of different conditions of a system. In this study, mathematical models were developed for monitoring the cultivation of local species of microalgae based on the chlorophyll-a and biomass concentration. Coefficients that were calculated from the Monod kinetic model were μmax; 0.03 day-1, KS, Ci; 0.53 mM with an R2 value of 0.93 and from the Aiba inhibition kinetic model was μmax and KS, Ci 1.48 day-1 and 0.08 mM with an R2 value of 0,73. According to the literature, there was no model was developed for the determination of kinetic coefficients based on chlorophyll-a production due to the inorganic carbon consumption. While both growth and inhibition models were developed for the inorganic carbon consumption, chlorophyll-a concentration was used for the growth model and biomass concentration was used for the inhibition model which caused and directly affected by the decrease of light penetration. The maximum biomass and chlorophyll-a concentrations were found as 1.2 g/L and 27.8 mg/L respectively with 10.24 mg/L. day-1 nitrogen and 1.19 mg/L.day-1 phosphorus uptake rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan Tunay
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Turkey.
| | - Oznur Yildirim
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Turkey.
| | - Bestami Ozkaya
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demir
- Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Turkey
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Improved Productivity of Astaxanthin from Photosensitive Haematococcus pluvialis Using Phototaxis Technology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040220. [PMID: 35447893 PMCID: PMC9032356 DOI: 10.3390/md20040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis is a microalgae actively studied for the production of natural astaxanthin, which is a powerful antioxidant for human application. However, it is economically disadvantageous for commercialization owing to the low productivity of astaxanthin. This study reports an effective screening strategy using the negative phototaxis of the H. pluvialis to attain the mutants having high astaxanthin production. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based microfluidic device irradiated with a specific light was developed to efficiently figure out the phototactic response of H. pluvialis. The partial photosynthesis deficient (PP) mutant (negative control) showed a 0.78-fold decreased cellular response to blue light compared to the wild type, demonstrating the positive relationship between the photosynthetic efficiency and the phototaxis. Based on this relationship, the Haematococcus mutants showing photosensitivity to blue light were selected from the 10,000 random mutant libraries. The M1 strain attained from the phototaxis-based screening showed 1.17-fold improved growth rate and 1.26-fold increases in astaxanthin production (55.12 ± 4.12 mg g−1) in the 100 L photo-bioreactor compared to the wild type. This study provides an effective selection tool for industrial application of the H. pluvialis with improved astaxanthin productivity.
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