1
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Wu Q, Deng L, Lan T, Wang H, Wang K, Zhu H, Zhou Y, Guo W. Outstanding enhancement of caproate production with microwave pyrolyzed highly reductive biochar addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 413:131457. [PMID: 39284373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The integration of biochar into microbial Chain Elongation (CE) proves to be an effective tool of producing high-value bio-based products. This study innovatively applied biochar fabricated under microwave irradiation with carbon fiber cloth assistance into CE system. Results highlighted that microwave biochar achieved maximal CE efficiency yielding 8 g COD/L, with 3-fold increase to the blank group devoid of any biochar. Microwave biochar also obtained the highest substrate utilization rate of 94 %, while conventional biochar group recorded 90 % and the blank group was of 74 %. Mechanistic insights revealed that the reductive surface properties facilitated CE performance, which is relevant to fostering dominant genera of Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, and Macellibacteroides. By metagenomics, microwave biochar up-regulated functional genes and enzymes involved in CE process including ethanol oxidation, the reverse β-oxidation pathway, and the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. This study effectively facilitated caproate production by utilizing a new microwave biochar preparation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Kaiming Wang
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Huacheng Zhu
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
| | - Wanqian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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2
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Dong Y, Liang J, E Z, Song J, Liu C, Ding Z, Wang W, Zhang W. Preparation of biochar/iron mineral composites and their adsorption of methyl orange. RSC Adv 2024; 14:33977-33986. [PMID: 39463480 PMCID: PMC11505017 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05529b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar-supported iron-containing minerals have received much attention due to their synergistic mechanism of decontamination in environmental pollution remediation. In this work, two types of iron/biochar were prepared from different biomasses using ferric chloride as the Fe source and rice husks and peanut shell as biomasses. The formation of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) and magnetite (Fe3O4) in rice husk and peanut shell derived biochar was proved by X-ray diffraction. These minerals not only optimized the physicochemical properties of the biochar but also enhanced its capacity to adsorb methyl orange (MO). Peanut shell-based biochar (PBC) and rice husk-based biochar (RBC) sequestered 3.9 mg g-1 and 4.5 mg g-1 of MO, respectively. In contrast, iron peanut shell-based biochar (Fe-PBC) and iron rice husk-based biochar (Fe-RBC) adsorbed 6.0 mg g-1 and 17.2 mg g-1, outperforming their pristine biochar. The removal of MO showed a synergistic effect due to the loading of iron-bearing minerals. The mechanisms of MO immobilization by biochar samples were explored by experimental and characterization methods. It was found that the mechanisms responsible for MO immobilization on composites were conducted by electrostatic attraction, complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups, π-π interaction and hydrogen bond formation. This finding clarified the relationship among biomass composition, iron mineral evolution, and the adsorption capacity of iron-modified biochar, which is essential for the development of a cost-effective adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Dong
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources Lanzhou 730046 China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Zhengyang E
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Changjie Liu
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Wei Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
- Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Exploration and Evaluation Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Province China
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3
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Zuo X, Ouyang Z, Liao J, Ding R, Zhang W, Zhang C, Guo X, Zhu L. Novel insights into the relationship between the functional groups and photoactivity of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121892. [PMID: 38878316 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the production of a large amount of biochar, highly photoactive biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) from different sources is released into surface water. This study investigated the molecular composition of BDOM (sludge, bamboo and stalk BDOM) using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and used tetracycline (TC) as model pollutant to investigate the relationship between molecular composition and BDOM photoactivity, specifically focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The results indicate that the fluorescence signal intensity of humic acid-like and aromatic proteins in the plant-derived BDOM are significantly higher than that derived from sewage sludge. FT-ICR MS results also showed that plant-derived BDOM contained more CHO molecular formula. Photodegradation experiments of TC mediated by various BDOM analogues demonstrated the photoactivity is highly correlated with the components and functional groups. The electrochemical experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further verified that the aromatic moiety, sulfydryl group and amino group of BDOM affected the electronic supply and energy transfer. Higher electron and energy transfer favor the reaction of BDOM with the ground state oxygen to generate ROS, thus promoting photodegradation of TC. This study provides a new basis for better assessing the ecological risks of BDOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhuozhi Ouyang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jinmo Liao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment (Shenyang University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuetao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Subagyo R, Diakana AR, Anindika GR, Akhlus S, Juwono H, Zhang L, Arramel, Kusumawati Y. Modification of Sugar Cane Bagasse with CTAB and ZnO for Methyl Orange and Methylene Blue Removal. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25251-25264. [PMID: 38882161 PMCID: PMC11170691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sugar cane bagasse (SB) was modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), followed by impregnation with zinc oxide (ZnO) to create a synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic system for methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) removal. The presence of CTAB and ZnO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray (for Zn and O). Modification of SB with CTAB (CSB) generated more positive sites on the surface of SB, which enhanced MO removal compared with that of pristine SB. ZnO impregnation induces a decrease in MO removal due to the ZnO presence on the CSB surface, which might reduce the positive sites on the CSB. In addition, the positive sites on CSB can interact with Zn2+ and O2- to form ZnO and lead to a decrease in MO removal. In contrast, the presence of ZnO facilitated good removal of MB compared to CSB, indicating that the photocatalytic process plays a greater role in removing MB. However, the addition of H2O2 can improve MO and MB removal under irradiation due to the formation of external •OH. The photocatalytic performance of MO and MB was also observed to be favored under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riki Subagyo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
| | - Achmad R Diakana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
| | - Garcelina R Anindika
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
| | - Syafsir Akhlus
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
| | - Hendro Juwono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Arramel
- Center of Excellence Applied Physics and Chemistry, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Yuly Kusumawati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Keputih, Surabaya, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia
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5
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Awad MI, Makkawi Y, Hassan NM. Yield and Energy Modeling for Biochar and Bio-Oil Using Pyrolysis Temperature and Biomass Constituents. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18654-18667. [PMID: 38680335 PMCID: PMC11044251 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis offers a sustainable and efficient approach to resource utilization and waste management, transforming organic materials into valuable products. The quality and distribution of the pyrolysis products highly depend on the constituents' properties and set process parameters. This research aims to investigate and model this dependency, offering decision-makers a tool to guide them when designing the process for a particular application. Experimental data on the pyrolysis of various types of feedstocks processed at a wide range of pyrolysis temperatures (350-650 °C) are utilized to develop the prediction models. Four variables are modeled: the yield and energy content for both the biochar and bio-oil as a function of the pyrolysis temperature and feedstock characteristics. The models developed had very good prediction power with the coefficient of determination above 90%. The results highlight the advantages of food waste (leftover) as a suitable feedstock to produce biochar at the pyrolysis temperature within the range of 450-550 °C. Furthermore, the biofuels produced from food waste are found to be of good quality, with the bio-oil exceptionally high in energy content (HHV = 34.6 MJ/kg), which is almost 80% of that of diesel. The developed models provide a tool for predicting the biofuel yield and quality based on the feedstock selection and process temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud I. Awad
- Industrial
Engineering Department, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah 266666, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Yassir Makkawi
- Chemical
Engineering Department, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah 266666, United
Arab Emirates
| | - Noha M. Hassan
- Industrial
Engineering Department, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah 266666, United
Arab Emirates
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6
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Adhikari S, Moon E, Paz-Ferreiro J, Timms W. Comparative analysis of biochar carbon stability methods and implications for carbon credits. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169607. [PMID: 38154640 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is an emerging negative emission technology. Its ability to sequester carbon and subsequent carbon credit valuation hinge on the stability of its carbon structure. The widely used indicators of carbon stability H:Corg and O:Corg provide conservative results as these are based on limited incubation experiments and associated modeling results. The results from these accepted methods and other derived methods have not been compared as indicators of carbon stability in a variety of biochar samples. Furthermore, the influence of contrasting feedstock and production techniques on biochar carbon stability is not well explored. Therefore, to address these challenges, a comprehensive stability analysis of 21 different biochar samples with contrasting feedstocks and pyrolysis techniques was conducted using a combination of instrumental methods and derived indicators of carbon stability. Methods such as biochar carbon half-life, thermo-stable fraction, oxidation resistance (R50), and carbon sequestration potential (CS) were used. Based on the initial carbon content of the biochar, simple pyrolysis techniques have similar potential for carbon credits as biochar produced from advanced pyrolysis techniques. Results indicate that the carbon stability of a biochar product is primarily a factor of feedstock type. We found that biochar carbon stability is not related to volatile matter or fixed carbon content for biochar produced using a simple pyrolysis technique and mixed feedstock. Biochars with H:Corg < 0.4 were deemed to have lower carbon stability when compared using different methods. No correlation was observed between the carbon stability of biochar using H:Corg and other methods, however, correlations were observed between half-life, O:Corg, fixed carbon, number of aromatic peaks in FTIR spectrum, R50, and CS. Therefore, it is recommended that data from additional incubation and modeling studies need to be considered to increase the confidence in carbon stability results having major implications to carbon credits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Adhikari
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Ellen Moon
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Enabling the Eco-efficient Beneficiation of Minerals, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
| | - Wendy Timms
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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7
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Phiri Z, Moja NT, Nkambule TT, de Kock LA. Utilization of biochar for remediation of heavy metals in aqueous environments: A review and bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25785. [PMID: 38375270 PMCID: PMC10875440 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biochar usage for removing heavy metals from aqueous environments has emerged as a promising research area with significant environmental and economic benefits. Using the PICO approach, the research question aimed to explore using biochar to remove heavy metals from aqueous media. We merged the data from Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection databases to acquire a comprehensive perspective of the subject. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to establish the search parameters, identify the appropriate articles, and collect the bibliographic information from the publications between 2010 and 2022. The bibliometric analysis showed that biochar-based heavy metal remediation is a research field with increasing scholarly attention. The removal of Cr(VI), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) was the most studied among the heavy metals. We identified five main clusters centered on adsorption, water treatment, adsorption models, analytical techniques, and hydrothermal carbonization by performing keyword co-occurrence analysis. Trending topics include biochar reusability, modification, acid mine drainage (AMD), wastewater treatment, and hydrochar. The reutilization of heavy metal-loaded spent biochar includes transforming it into electrodes for supercapacitors or stable catalyst materials. This study provides a comprehensive overview of biochar-based heavy metal remediation in aquatic environments and highlights knowledge gaps and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebron Phiri
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Nathaniel T. Moja
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Thabo T.I. Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
| | - Lueta-Ann de Kock
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa
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8
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You T, Wang S, Xi Y, Yao S, Yan Z, Ding Y, Li Y, Zeng X, Jia Y. Photo-enhanced oxidation of arsenite by biochar: The effect of pH, kinetics and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132652. [PMID: 37793254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The persistent and photo-induced free radicals of biochar play significant roles in the transformation or degradation of inorganic and organic pollutants. However, the redox capacity of biochar for arsenite (As(III)) photochemistry under different pH conditions remains unclear. In this study, we discovered that solar radiation primarily expedited the oxidation of As(III) by biochar by augmenting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Biochar demonstrated a strong pH reliance on the photooxidation of As(III). Under acidic and neutral conditions, solar radiation amplified the generation of •OH (hydroxyl radicals) by BC-P (phenolic -OH of biochar) and semiquinone-type BC-PFRs (persistent free radicals of biochar) by 4.9 and 2.0 times, respectively, resulting in enhanced As(III) oxidation. Under alkaline conditions, BC-P and BC-Q (quinoid CO of biochar) facilitated the production of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) by 2.1 times through the spontaneous formation of semiquinone-type BC-PFRs via an anti-disproportionation reaction, promoting approximately 88.2% of As(III) photooxidation. Furthermore, solar radiation elevated around 11.8% As(III) oxidation driven by BC-Q and semiquinone-type BC-PFRs. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for using biochar to treat arsenic pollution in aquatic systems and understanding the migration and transformation of arsenic in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yimei Xi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuhua Yao
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Zelong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
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9
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Edeh IG, Masek O, Fusseis F. 4D structural changes and pore network model of biomass during pyrolysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22863. [PMID: 38129628 PMCID: PMC10739905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar is an engineered carbon-rich substance used for soil improvement, environmental management, and other diverse applications. To date, the understanding of how biomass affects biochar microstructure has been limited due to the complexity of analysis involved in tracing the changes in the physical structure of biomass as it undergoes thermochemical conversion. In this study, we used synchrotron x-ray micro-tomography to visualize changes in the internal structure of biochar from diverse feedstock (miscanthus straw pellets, wheat straw pellets, oilseed rape straw pellets, and rice husk) during pyrolysis by collecting a sequence of 3D scans at 50 °C intervals during progressive heating from 50 °C to 800 °C. The results show a strong dependence of biochar porosity on feedstock as well as pyrolysis temperature, with observed porosity in the range of 7.41-60.56%. Our results show that the porosity, total surface area, pore volume, and equivalent diameter of the largest pore increases with increasing pyrolysis temperature up to about 550 °C. The most dramatic development of pore structure occurred in the temperature range of 350-450 °C. This understanding is pivotal for optimizing biochar's properties for specific applications in soil improvement, environmental management, and beyond. By elucidating the nuanced variations in biochar's physical characteristics across different production temperatures and feedstocks, this research advances the practical application of biochar, offering significant benefits in agricultural, environmental, and engineering contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Gloria Edeh
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Ondrej Masek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Fusseis
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Earth Sciences and Geography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Gupta D, Das A, Mitra S. Role of modeling and artificial intelligence in process parameter optimization of biochar: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129792. [PMID: 37820969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of crop yield, conservation and quality upgradation of soil, and efficient water management are the main objectives of sustainable agriculture and mitigating climate change's impact on agriculture. In recent days, biochar, obtained via thermochemical alteration of biomass is becoming a powerful agent for soil and water quality improvement, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission reduction, and heavy metal adsorption. The present study predominantly focuses on various process parameters related to biochar preparation through pyrolysis, their impact on biochar production as well as physicochemical characteristics, and the optimization of such process parameters. Different designs of the experiment (DOE) and optimization techniques including traditional and non-traditional optimizations are discussed in the current review, along with their applicability and shortcomings. Since the biochar preparation process is tedious and energy-consuming, the present review will help to understand the importance of optimization in preparing biochar, thereby leading to a better way to prepare biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaditya Gupta
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro & Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Ashmita Das
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro & Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sudip Mitra
- Agro-ecotechnology Laboratory, School of Agro & Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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11
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E Z, Liang J, Dong Y, Chao Q, Li P, Fan Q. Different photoreduction processes of Cr(VI) on cellulose-rich and lignin-rich biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116819. [PMID: 37541418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of biochar were prepared via pyrolyzing cellulose-rich pakchoi (PBC) and lignin-rich corncob (CBC) to explore the photoreduction process of Cr(VI). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed higher oxygenated functional groups in PBC (48.9%-57.1%), whereas CBC exhibited more aromatization properties due to the stable aromatic network in lignin. For PBC, the valence bands decreased from 1.42 eV to 1.20 eV with the increase of pyrolysis temperature from 300 °C to 500 °C; however, an opposite trend was observed for CBC. The photoreduction of Cr(VI) clearly showed that both PBC and CBC had the best performance at the carbonization temperature of 300 °C (named PBC300 and CBC300). It is noted that PBC300 exhibited the most effective photoreduction of Cr(VI), which was about 1.3 times higher than that of CBC300. The maximum reduction capacities of Cr(VI) were 68.2 mg g-1 on PBC300 and 66.1 mg g-1 on CBC300 at pH∼2.0. Compared with the insoluble char substances, dissolved black carbons made more contributions for Cr(VI) photoreduction, ∼70% in PBC and almost 100% in CBC, which suggested that in the case of PBC, the insoluble char and the corresponding dissolved black carbons play an important role in the photoreduction of Cr(VI). However, only dissolved black carbons contributed to Cr(VI) photoreduction on CBC. As the key reaction pathway, the interfacial electron transport dominated Cr(VI) reduction on PBC and CBC. Moreover, the radical of •O2- had some contribution to the reduction of Cr(VI) only in the PBC system. Interestingly, •OH could promote the photoreduction of Cr(VI) in both PBC and CBC systems, which might be due to the fact that •OH facilitated the formation of small molecule fragments. These findings provide an essential basis for evaluating the environmental impact of photocatalytic behaviors of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang E
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianjun Liang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yaqiong Dong
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Chao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ping Li
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiaohui Fan
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Strategic Mineral Resources of the Upper Yellow River, Ministry of Natural Resources, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Luo L, Wang J, Lv J, Liu Z, Sun T, Yang Y, Zhu YG. Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11357-11372. [PMID: 37493521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon (C)-rich material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited environments, has been proposed as one of the most promising materials for C sequestration and climate mitigation in soil. The C sequestration contribution of biochar hinges not only on its fused aromatic structure but also on its abiotic and biotic reactions with soil components across its entire life cycle in the environment. For instance, minerals and microorganisms can deeply participate in the mineralization or complexation of the labile (soluble and easily decomposable) and even recalcitrant fractions of biochar, thereby profoundly affecting C cycling and sequestration in soil. Here we identify five key issues closely related to the application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and review its outstanding advances. Specifically, the terms use of biochar, pyrochar, and hydrochar, the stability of biochar in soil, the effect of biochar on the flux and speciation changes of C in soil, the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by biochar production and soil application, and the application barriers of biochar in soil are expounded. By elaborating on these critical issues, we discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding and application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and provide outlooks for future research directions. We suggest that combining the mechanistic understanding of biochar-to-soil interactions and long-term field studies, while considering the influence of multiple factors and processes, is essential to bridge these knowledge gaps. Further, the standards for biochar production and soil application should be widely implemented, and the threshold values of biochar application in soil should be urgently developed. Also needed are comprehensive and prospective life cycle assessments that are not restricted to soil C sequestration and account for the contributions of contamination remediation, soil quality improvement, and vegetation C sequestration to accurately reflect the total benefits of biochar on C sequestration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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13
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Mumivand H, Izadi Z, Amirizadeh F, Maggi F, Morshedloo MR. Biochar amendment improves growth and the essential oil quality and quantity of peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) grown under waste water and reduces environmental contamination from waste water disposal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130674. [PMID: 36603422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of waste water (WW) in agriculture is challenging as a potential strategy for sustainable agriculture development. However, its high content of heavy metals may cause damage to ecosystems. The property of biochar (BC) to minimize heavy metals accumulation into the soil was studied taking as a case study peppermint (Mentha x piperita L., Lamiaceae) irrigated with WW. Application of BC and WW, separately, promoted height, shoot number, crown diameter, internode length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, fresh (FW) and dry aerial parts weights (DW), root FW and root DW of peppermint. Also an increment in canopy diameter was observed. BC application considerably increased N, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn, while WW increased N, P, K and Fe levels. Irrigation of peppermint with WW led to an increase of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, Chl a+b, carotenoids, anthocyanins, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), and crop yield. On the other hand, BC application led to a decrease of Cd and Pb accumulation in plants. BC and WW application, separately, increased the essential oil content, the total phenol content, and the antioxidant capacity. Regardless of BC levels, irrigation of plants with WW decreased the percentage of menthone, menthofuran, isomenthone and pulegone in the essential oil, and increased the percentage of menthol and carvone. Similarly, BC application raised the percentage of menthol, and decreased that of pulegone. Overall, the application of BC in the culture medium is able to decrease the heavy metal concentration and improves the essential oil quality and quantity of peppermint under WW irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Mumivand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Izadi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box 465, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amirizadeh
- Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Mohamad Reza Morshedloo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
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14
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Rúa-Díaz S, Forjan R, Lago-Vila M, Cerqueira B, Arco-Lázaro E, Marcet P, Baragaño D, Gallego JLR, Covelo EF. Pyrolysis temperature influences the capacity of biochar to immobilize copper and arsenic in mining soil remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32882-32893. [PMID: 36472746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising material used for multiple remediation approaches, mainly in polluted soils. Its properties can differ depending on feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. In this context, we tested the capacity of three biochar products made from corncob, pyrolyzed at different temperatures (350, 500, and 650 °C), to remediate a mining soil affected by high levels of Cu and As. We performed an exhaustive characterization of the biochar. We found that biochar showed a higher surface area with increasing pyrolysis temperature, whereas high molecular weight PAHs were detected in biochar produced at the maximum temperature, thus indicating potential ecotoxicological risks. After the application of biochar to the soil, Cu was partially immobilized, especially when using that obtained at 500 °C. This effect is attributed to the structure of this material and an increase in soil pH and organic matter content. Conversely, As was increased in the soluble fraction for all three types of biochar but in a proportion that lacks relevance. On the whole, given its lower PAH content, higher Cu immobilization ratio, and an almost negligible increase in As availability, biochar obtained at 500 °C outperformed the other two products with respect to soil recovery. Of note, data on Cu and As availability were doubled-checked using two extraction methodologies. We propose that this operational approach for determining the most suitable pyrolysis temperature will find application in other soil remediation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rúa-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rubén Forjan
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group, Campus of Mieres, University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
| | - Manoel Lago-Vila
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cerqueira
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elena Arco-Lázaro
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal en Zonas Tropicales Y Subtropicales, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, Santa Lucia de Tirajana, Spain
| | - Purificación Marcet
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencia del Suelo, Escuela de Forestales, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Diego Baragaño
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group, Campus of Mieres, University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - José Luis R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry & Raw Materials Group, Campus of Mieres, University of Oviedo, 33600, Mieres, Spain
| | - Emma F Covelo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal Y Ciencia del Suelo, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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15
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Zainal Abidin Z, Mamauod SNL, Romli AZ, Sarkawi SS, Zainal NH. Synergistic Effect of Partial Replacement of Carbon Black by Palm Kernel Shell Biochar in Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040943. [PMID: 36850226 PMCID: PMC9959849 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of the palm oil-related industry, this has resulted in the high production of palm oil waste. The increasing amount of palm oil waste has become an alarming issue in which researchers have carried out studies that this palm oil waste has the potential to be used as a biomass source. Carbon black (CB) is the most preferred reinforcing filler in the rubber industry but it has a disadvantage where CB is carcinogenic and a petroleum-based product. Hence CB is less sustainable. Palm kernel shell (PKS) derived from palm oil waste can be turned into palm kernel shell biochar (PKSBc) which can potentially be a value-added, sustainable biofiller as reinforcement in rubber composites. In this study, PKSBc is hybridized with CB (N660) at different loading ratios to be filled in carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR). This study aims to elucidate the effect of the varying ratios of hybrid CB/PKSBc on the rheological properties, abrasion resistance, and hardness of XNBR composites. In this study, both CB and PKSBc are incorporated into XNBR and were then cured with sulphur. The composites were prepared by using a two-roll mill. Different compositions of hybrid CB/PKSBc were incorporated. The rheological properties and physicomechanical properties, such as abrasion resistance and hardness of the vulcanizates, were investigated. Based on the results, as the loading ratio of PKSBc in hybrid CB/PKSBc increases, the cure time decreases, and the cure rate index increases. The abrasion resistance and hardness values of vulcanizates were maintained by the high loading of PKSBc which was due to the porous structure of PKSBc as shown in the morphological analysis of PKSBc. The pores of PKSBc provided mechanical interlocking to reduce volume loss and maintain the hardness of vulcanizates when subjected to force. With this, PKSBc is proven to be a semi-reinforcing filler that could not only act as a co-filler to existing commercialized CB, but PKSBc could also fully substitute CB as reinforcement in rubber, specifically XNBR as it is able to provide high abrasion resistance and hardness to the rubber composites. This would mean the performance of PKSBc is comparable with CB (N660) when it comes to maintaining the physicomechanical properties of XNBR composites in terms of abrasion resistance and hardness. Therefore, this approach of using eco-friendly filler derived from palm oil agricultural waste (PKSBc) can reduce the abundance of palm oil waste, be a sustainable alternative to act as a co-filler in hybrid CB/PKSBc to decrease the usage of CB, and helps to enhance the quality of existing rubber-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafirah Zainal Abidin
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Liyana Mamauod
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Chemical Synthesis and Polymer Technology (CCSPT), Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Zafir Romli
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Chemical Synthesis and Polymer Technology (CCSPT), Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Salina Sarkawi
- Technology and Engineering Division, Malaysian Rubber Board, RRIM Research Station, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nahrul Hayawin Zainal
- Biomass Technology Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
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16
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Yan C, Wang W, Nie M, Ding M, Wang P, Zhang H, Huang G. Characterization of copper binding to biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and natural wetland plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130076. [PMID: 36193612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) is essential to understanding the environmental efficacy of biochar and the behavior of heavy metals. In this study, the binding properties of BDOM derived from different pyrolysis temperatures, wetland plants, and plant organs with Cu was investigated based on a multi-analytical approach. In general, the pyrolysis temperature exhibited a more significant impact on both the spectral characteristics of BDOM and Cu binding behavior than those of the feedstocks. With the pyrolysis temperature increased, the dissolved organic carbon, aromaticity, and fluorescence substance of BDOM decreased and the structure became more condensed. Humic-and tryptophan-like substance was more susceptible to the addition of Cu for BDOM pyrolyzed at 300 ℃ and 500 ℃, respectively. In addition, the more tyrosine-like substance is involved in Cu binding at higher pyrolysis temperature (500 ℃). However, the fluvic-like substance occurred preferentially with Cu than the other fluorophores. Moreover, the higher binding capacity for Cu was exhibited by the humic-like substance and by BDOM derived from the higher pyrolysis temperature and the lower elevation plants with the corresponding average stability constants (log KM) of 5.58, 5.36, and 5.16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wangyu Wang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Minghua Nie
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resource, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Mingjun Ding
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Gaoxiang Huang
- School of Geography and Environment, Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
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17
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Amin MA, Haider G, Rizwan M, Schofield HK, Qayyum MF, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Ali S. Different feedstocks of biochar affected the bioavailability and uptake of heavy metals by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants grown in metal contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114845. [PMID: 36423665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) contamination of agricultural soils is an emerging food safety challenge at world level. Therefore, as a possible treatment for the remediation of a HMs contaminated soil (sewage water irrigation for 20-years), the impact of biochar (BC) was investigated on the uptake of HMs by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The BC was produced from seven different feedstocks (cotton stalks (CSBC), rice straw (RSBC), poultry manure (PMBC), lawn grass (LGBC), vegetable peels (VPBC), maize straw (MSBC), and rice husks (RHBC)). Each BC was applied at 1.25% (dry weight basis, w/w) in contaminated soil and a control was maintained without BC addition and wheat was grown in potted soil and harvested at maturity. Results revealed that the properties of different biochars regulated their effects on soil nutrient and HMs mobility and uptake by plants. The maximum plant phosphorous and potassium uptake and translocation to grain (173.4% and 341%, respectively) was found in RSBC treatment over control. The RHBC, PMBC, and MSBC treatments showed a maximum decrease in grain Cd concentration (32.9%, 33.8%, and 34.1%, respectively) compared to the control. The grain Pb (-41% to -51%, with no significant differences among different treatments) and Ni (-63%) concentrations were also reduced significantly following BC treatments compared to control. The daily intake and health risk index of Cd were significantly decreased due to PMBC (-28.1% and -33.8%, respectively), and MSBC (-28.3% and -34.1%, respectively) treatment over control. The BC treatments significantly increased the translocation factor of Cd in the order of VPBC (52.1%) > LGBC (25.4%) > CSBC (13.6%) > RSBC (12.1%) compared to control. The study demonstrated that the effects of BC on metal uptake in plants varied with feedstocks and suitable BC can be further exploited for the rehabilitation of contaminated soils and thereby ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmar Amin
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Haider
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - H Kate Schofield
- Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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18
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Sustainable Materials Containing Biochar Particles: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020343. [PMID: 36679224 PMCID: PMC9863687 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of polymer waste, food waste, and biomasses through thermochemical decomposition to fuels, syngas, and solid phase, named char/biochar particles, gives a second life to these waste materials, and this process has been widely investigated in the last two decades. The main thermochemical decomposition processes that have been explored are slow, fast, and flash pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction, which produce char/biochar particles that differ in their chemical and physical properties, i.e., their carbon-content, CHNOS compositions, porosity, and adsorption ability. Currently, the main proposed applications of the char/biochar particles are in the agricultural sector as fertilizers for soil retirement and water treatment, as well as use as high adsorption particles. Therefore, according to recently published papers, char/biochar particles could be successfully considered for the formulation of sustainable polymer and biopolymer-based composites. Additionally, in the last decade, these particles have also been proposed as suitable fillers for asphalts. Based on these findings, the current review gives a critical overview that highlights the advantages in using these novel particles as suitable additives and fillers, and at the same time, it shows some drawbacks in their use. Adding char/biochar particles in polymers and biopolymers significantly increases their elastic modulus, tensile strength, and flame and oxygen resistance, although composite ductility is significantly penalized. Unfortunately, due to the dark color of the char/biochar particles, all composites show brown-black coloration, and this issue limits the applications.
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Chen Y, Hassan M, Nuruzzaman M, Zhang H, Naidu R, Liu Y, Wang L. Iron-modified biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse for adequate removal of aqueous imidacloprid: sorption mechanism study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:4754-4768. [PMID: 35974268 PMCID: PMC9892118 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been considered as a promising remediation technology to separate organic and inorganic agrochemicals from contaminated soil and water. Low-cost adsorbents, including waste derived materials, clay composites, biochar, and biochar modified materials, have attracted enormous attention for the removal of organic contaminants, including pesticides. In this study, iron-modified base-activated biochar (FeBBC) was prepared by pyrolysis (at 400 °C for 1 h) of iron-doped base (KOH) activated sugarcane bagasse for the removal of a widely used insecticide, namely imidacloprid (IMI) from water. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (FeBBC) was calculated as 10.33 (± 1.57) mg/g from Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorbents could remove up to ~ 92% of IMI from aqueous solution at 23.8 mg/L IMI. Experimental data fitted well with the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order model, demonstrating physisorption, as well as chemosorption, contributed to the sorption process. Even at highly acidic/basic solution pH, the FeBBC could remove substantial amount of IMI demonstrating hydrophobic interaction and pore diffusion play vital role for removal of IMI. The slight improving of IMI sorption with increasing solution pH indicated the sorption was also facilitated through ionic interaction alongside physical sorption. However, physical sorption including hydrophobic interaction and pore-filling interaction plays a vital role in the sorption of IMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Masud Hassan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soil (CRC SOIL), IDB Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Electron Microscope and X-Ray (EMX) Unit, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for High Performance Soil (CRC SOIL), IDB Building, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abhishek K, Shrivastava A, Vimal V, Gupta AK, Bhujbal SK, Biswas JK, Singh L, Ghosh P, Pandey A, Sharma P, Kumar M. Biochar application for greenhouse gas mitigation, contaminants immobilization and soil fertility enhancement: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158562. [PMID: 36089037 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rising global temperature, pollution load, and energy crises are serious problems, recently facing the world. Scientists around the world are ambitious to find eco-friendly and cost-effective routes for resolving these problems. Biochar has emerged as an agent for environmental remediation and has proven to be the effective sorbent to inorganic and organic pollutants in water and soil. Endowed with unique attributes such as porous structure, larger specific surface area (SSA), abundant surface functional groups, better cation exchange capacity (CEC), strong adsorption capacity, high environmental stability, embedded minerals, and micronutrients, biochar is presented as a promising material for environmental management, reduction in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions, soil management, and soil fertility enhancement. Therefore, the current review covers the influence of key factors (pyrolysis temperature, retention time, gas flow rate, and reactor design) on the production yield and property of biochar. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the diverse application of biochar such as waste management, construction material, adsorptive removal of petroleum and oil from aqueous media, immobilization of contaminants, carbon sequestration, and their role in climate change mitigation, soil conditioner, along with opportunities and challenges. Finally, this review discusses the evaluation of biochar standardization by different international agencies and their economic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | | | - Vineet Vimal
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Orissa, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Sachin Krushna Bhujbal
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India; Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhakar Sharma
- School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir 803116, Bihar, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
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21
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Sun H, Luo L, Wang J, Wang D, Huang R, Ma C, Zhu YG, Liu Z. Speciation Evolution of Phosphorus and Sulfur Derived from Sewage Sludge Biochar in Soil: Ageing Effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6639-6646. [PMID: 35502935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) are usually involved simultaneously in the immobilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge during pyrolysis, and thus their speciation in sewage sludge-derived biochar (SSB) profoundly affects the recycling of the nutrients and the environmental risks of sewage sludge. Here, we investigated the speciation evolution of P and S in SSB induced by ageing processes in soil using X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Results showed that Ca-bound compounds like hydroxyapatite dominated the P forms, while over 60% of S existed as reduced inorganic sulfides in the SSB. The stable Ca-associated P species in SSB tended to be transformed gradually into relatively soluble species during ageing in soil. The speciation composition of S in SSB remained almost unaffected when aged in pot soils, whereas about 33.6% of reduced sulfides were transformed into oxidized species after 1-year ageing in field soils. SSB significantly increased the proportion of sulfides and the contents of available P and S in the amended soil but showed relatively weak effects on the speciation distribution of P in the soil because of their similar compositions. These findings provide insights into biogeochemistry of nutrients and behaviors of heavy metals in SSB after its application to the soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Rixiang Huang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Chenyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Synchrotron Radiation, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Nardis BO, Franca JR, Carneiro JSDS, Soares JR, Guilherme LRG, Silva CA, Melo LCA. Production of engineered-biochar under different pyrolysis conditions for phosphorus removal from aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151559. [PMID: 34785233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) recovery from wastewater through biochar is an alternative to build a sustainable circular economy and save non-renewable P reservoirs. The efficiency of cations in removing P from wastewater under different pyrolysis conditions is still lacking. We aimed at studying P adsorption and release from biochar enriched with Al3+ and Mg2+, prepared under air-limited and N2-flow pyrolysis conditions. Biochar samples were produced from pig manure (PMB) and impregnated, separately, with 20% of AlCl3 and MgCl2 solutions on both pyrolysis conditions. The materials were characterized for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total nutrient content, ash, specific surface area (SSA), pore-volume, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX. Phosphorus adsorption was studied by kinetics and adsorption isotherms, as well as desorption. The biochar impregnated with Mg2+ and produced in the muffle furnace achieved the maximum P adsorption (231 mg g-1), and 100% of the adsorbed P was released in solutions of Mehlich-1 and citric acid 2%. The pyrolysis conditions had a small or no influence on the biochar properties governing P adsorption, such as chemical functional groups, surface area, quantity and size of pores, and formation of synthetic minerals. Therefore, it is possible to produce biochar without using N2 as a carrier gas when it comes to P adsorption studies. Mechanisms of P removal comprise precipitation with cations, surface complexation, ligand exchange reactions, and electrostatic attraction on the biochar surface. Overall, Mg-impregnated biochar is a suitable matrix to remove P from aqueous media and to add value to organic residues while producing an environmentally friendly material for reuse in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Olinda Nardis
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Romão Franca
- Department of Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Jenaina Ribeiro Soares
- Department of Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Silva
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-900 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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23
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Wu L, Ni J, Zhang H, Yu S, Wei R, Qian W, Chen W, Qi Z. The composition, energy, and carbon stability characteristics of biochars derived from thermo-conversion of biomass in air-limitation, CO 2, and N 2 at different temperatures. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:136-146. [PMID: 35121499 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study systemically investigated the characteristics of biochars derived from thermo-conversion of pine sawdust and wheat straw in air-limitation, CO2, and N2 atmospheres at the temperatures of 300-750 °C. Meanwhile, their energy and C stability parameters were also evaluated here. The results showed that biochar produced in air-limitation had less yield, fixed C and bulk C, as well as more volatile matter and inorganic elements than that produced in CO2 and N2. Biochars derived from thermo-conversion of pine sawdust in CO2 and N2 at 450-750 °C had the greatest energy densification ratios (EDR) (range: 1.40-1.61), because pine sawdust contained more lignin than wheat straw, and the thermo-conversion of lignin in N2 and CO2 at 450-750 °C benefited for the formation of fixed C. Recalcitrance potential (R50) results showed that the biochars produced in CO2 and N2 at 600-750 °C had the highest carbon stability (R50: 0.54-0.64) for given biomass, owing to the thermo-conversion of biomass in CO2 and N2 at 600-750 °C preferring to form the organic C with high aromaticity and low polarity. Nonetheless, thermo-conversion of biomass in CO2 and N2 at 300 °C presented the greatest C sequestration potential, owing to high biochar yields under these conditions. Generally, the temperature-variability for the composition, EDR, and C sequestration potential followed the order: air-limitation > CO2 > N2, whereas carbon stability presented an opposite order. Our results contributed to selecting the appropriate atmosphere to optimize the properties and performances of biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Shuhan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology/School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Zhichong Qi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Plants Utilization, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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24
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Song G, Qin F, Yu J, Tang L, Pang Y, Zhang C, Wang J, Deng L. Tailoring biochar for persulfate-based environmental catalysis: Impact of biomass feedstocks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127663. [PMID: 34799169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbonaceous material with engineering potential, has gained attention as an efficient catalyst in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs). Although biomass feedstocks are known as a critical factor for the performance of biochar, the relationship between the catalytic efficiency/mechanism and the types of biomass feedstocks is still unclear. Thus, according to recent advances in experimental and theoretical researches, this paper provides a systematic review of the properties of biochar, and the relationship between catalytic performance in PS-AOPs and biomass feedstocks, where the differences in physicochemical properties (surface properties, pore structure, etc.) and activation path of different sourced biochars, are introduced. In addition, how the tailoring of biochar (such as heteroatomic doping and co-pyrolysis of biomass) affects its activation efficiency and mechanism in PS-AOPs is summarized. Finally, the suitable application scenarios or systems of different sourced biochars, appropriate methods to improve the catalytic performance of different types of biochar and the prospects and challenges for the development of biochar in PS-AOPs are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Fanzhi Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Jiangfang Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China.
| | - Ya Pang
- Department of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, Hunan, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
| | - Lifei Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, Hunan, China
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25
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Yang Q, Wu L, Zheng Z, Chen J, Lu T, Lu M, Chen W, Qi Z. Sorption of Cd(II) and Ni(II) on biochars produced in nitrogen and air-limitation environments with various pyrolysis temperatures: Comparison in mechanism and performance. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Yin Y, Yang C, Li M, Zheng Y, Ge C, Gu J, Li H, Duan M, Wang X, Chen R. Research progress and prospects for using biochar to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions during composting: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149294. [PMID: 34332388 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar possesses a unique porous structure and abundant surface functional groups, which can potentially help mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from compost. This review summarizes the properties and functions of biochar, and the effects of biochar on common GHGs (methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O)) and ammonia (NH3, an indirect GHG) during composting. Studies have shown that it is possible to improve the mitigation of GHG emissions during composting by adjusting the biochar amount, type of raw material, pyrolysis temperature, and particle size. Biochar produced from crop residues and woody biomass has a greater effect on mitigating CH4, N2O, and NH3 emissions during composting, and GHG emissions can be reduced significantly by adding about 10% (w/w) biochar. Biochar produced by high temperature pyrolysis (500-900 °C) has a greater effect on mitigating CH4 and N2O emissions, whereas biochar generated by low temperature pyrolysis (200-500 °C) is more effective at reducing NH3 emissions. Interestingly, adding granular biochar is more beneficial for mitigating CH4 emissions, whereas adding powdered biochar is better at reducing NH3 emissions. According to the current research status, developing new methods for producing and using biochar (e.g., modified or combined with other additives) should be the focus of future research into mitigating GHG emissions during composting. The findings summarized in this review may provide a reference to allow the establishment of standards for using biochar to mitigate GHG emissions from compost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Mengtong Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Chengjun Ge
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Haichao Li
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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27
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The fate of char in controlling the rate of heavy metal transfer from soil to potato. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Xu Y, Ou Q, He Q, Wu Z, Ma J, Huangfu X. Influence of dissolved black carbon on the aggregation and deposition of polystyrene nanoplastics: Comparison with dissolved humic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117054. [PMID: 33770677 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC), widely found in soil and water environments is likely to affect the transport of nanoplastics in aquatic environments. The aggregation and deposition behaviors of fresh and aged polystyrene nanoplastics (PSs) with and without DBC in NaCl solution were investigated by time-resolved dynamic light scattering (DLS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring equipment (QCM-D) techniques. The results suggest that DBC can screen the surface charges of PSs by interacting with PSs through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and π-π interactions, although they were negatively charged. DBC promoted the aggregation of PSs under relatively low ionic strengths, and it minimally affected the stability of PSs under high ionic strength. Deposition experiments showed that both DBC in salt solution and DBC adsorption on silica surface facilitated the deposition of fresh PSs while HA inhibited both deposition processes. After aging, PSs were more stable, and the effects of DBC and HA were weakened. This study investigated the influence mechanism of DBC on the aggregation and deposition behaviors, which provides new insights into the stability and transport of PSs in complex aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, China; Section of Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Qin Ou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, China
| | - Zhengsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology 150001, China
| | - Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University 400044, China.
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29
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Zheng C, Yang Z, Si M, Zhu F, Yang W, Zhao F, Shi Y. Application of biochars in the remediation of chromium contamination: Fabrication, mechanisms, and interfering species. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124376. [PMID: 33144008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the most toxic pollutants that has accumulated in terrestrial and aqueous systems, posing serious risks towards living beings on a worldwide scale. The immobilization, removal, and detoxification of active Cr from natural environment can be accomplished using multiple advanced materials. Biochar, a carbonaceous pyrolytic product made from biomass waste, is considered as a promising material for the elimination of Cr contamination. The preparation and properties of biochar as well as its remediation process for Cr ions have been well investigated. However, the distinct correlation of the manufacturing, characteristics, and mechanisms involved in the remediation of Cr contamination by various designed biochars is not summarized. Herein, this review provides information about the production, modification, and characteristics of biochars along with their corresponding effects on Cr stabilization. Biochar could be modified via physical, hybrid, chemical, and biological methods. The remediating mechanisms of Cr contamination using biochars involve adsorption, reduction, electron shuttle, and photocatalysis. Moreover, the coexisting ions and organic pollutants change the pattern of the remediating process of biochar in actual Cr contaminated water and soil. Finally, the present limitations and future perspectives are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujing Zheng
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Mengying Si
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Weichun Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Feiping Zhao
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China; School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
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30
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Leng L, Xiong Q, Yang L, Li H, Zhou Y, Zhang W, Jiang S, Li H, Huang H. An overview on engineering the surface area and porosity of biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:144204. [PMID: 33385838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface area and porosity are important physical properties of biochar, playing a crucial role in many biochar applications, such as wastewater treatment and soil remediation. The production of engineered biochar with highly porous structure and large surface area has received extensive attention. This paper comprehensively reviewed the effects of biomass and pyrolysis parameters on the surface area and porosity of biochar. The composition of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis temperature are the major influencing factors. It is suggested that the lignocellulosic biomass is an outstanding candidate, wood and woody biomass in particular. Besides, moderate temperatures (400-700 °C) are suitable for the development of the pore structure. Further improvement can be implemented by additional treatments. Activation is the most widely used and effective way to promote biochar surface area and porosity, especially the chemical activation. Enhancement can also be achieved by using other treatment methods, such as carbonaceous materials coating, ball milling, and templating. Future research should focus on upgrading or developing treatment technology to achieve enhanced functionality and porous structure of biochar simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Leng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Qin Xiong
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Weijin Zhang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Shaojian Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hailong Li
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Huajun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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Baruah J, Chaliha C, Nath BK, Kalita E. Enhancing arsenic sequestration on ameliorated waste molasses nanoadsorbents using response surface methodology and machine-learning frameworks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11369-11383. [PMID: 33123890 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of a novel nanobiosorbent derived from waste molasses for the adsorptive removal of arsenic (As) has been attempted in this study. Waste molasses were chemically ameliorated through a solvothermal route for the incorporation of iron oxide, thereby producing iron oxide incorporated carbonaceous nanomaterial (IOCN). Synthesis of IOCN was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) analysis. The surface area and porous behavior of IOCN were elucidated by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) assessments. The experimental conditions for adsorption were first modeled using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD), considering the parameters: adsorbate dosage, adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time. RSM optimizations were improved upon using a three-layer feed-forward multilayer perceptron (MLP) based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. Optimization through ANN model resulted in the increase of the maximal As adsorption efficiency to ~ 96% for IOCN. The IOCN isotherm plots show the best fit for the Sips isotherm, and the reaction kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order model, indicating the chemisorption mechanism for As adsorption. Evidence for direct coordination of As to the surface of adsorbents was further confirmed by FTIR spectroscopic studies before and after As adsorption. The high adsorption efficiencies and the low-cost facile synthesis of the IOCN nanosorbent from agro-industrial waste indicate their potential for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Baruah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Chayanika Chaliha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Bikash Kar Nath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Eeshan Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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Liu L, Huang Y, Cao J, Hu H, Dong L, Zha J, Su Y, Ruan R, Tao S. Qualitative and relative distribution of Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms by biochars produced from a fluidized bed pyrolysis system under mild air oxidization conditions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang J, Shi L, Zhai L, Zhang H, Wang S, Zou J, Shen Z, Lian C, Chen Y. Analysis of the long-term effectiveness of biochar immobilization remediation on heavy metal contaminated soil and the potential environmental factors weakening the remediation effect: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111261. [PMID: 32950873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the research and application of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has become a hotspot, especially regarding the remediation of agricultural land. Biochar has been proved to be effective in reducing the content of available heavy metals in the soil as well as the heavy metals in plants. However, the long-term effectiveness of biochar immobilization has not been widely studied. In this review, retrospective search was carried out on the published literature results concerning remediation effects of biochar on different areas of heavy metal contaminated soil in the recent years, its application in field remediation (several years), and some potential abiotic and biotic factors that may weaken the immobilization effects of biochar. This results indicate that: (1) biochar is widely used in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in different areas and has excellent immobilization effect. (2) Most of the research demonstrate that the immobilization effect of biochar is effective for 2-3 years or according to few results even for 5 years. However, there have been various reports claiming that the immobilization effect of biochar decreases with time. (3) Abiotic factors such as acid rain, flooded environment, changes in soil condition (pH, redox and dissolved organic matter) and changes in biochar (Cl- and alkali leaching) can significantly weaken the immobilization effect of biochar. (4) Biotic factors such as plant roots, earthworms and soil microorganisms can also significantly reduce the immobilization effect of biochar. Therefore, field experiments having longer time span with biochar need to be further carried out, and the developmental research of modified biochar with a more stable immobilization effect also needs further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liang Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lulu Zhai
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shengxiao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Rural Land Resources Use and Consolidation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Hassan M, Liu Y, Naidu R, Parikh SJ, Du J, Qi F, Willett IR. Influences of feedstock sources and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of biochar and functionality as adsorbents: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140714. [PMID: 32717463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a porous, amorphous, stable, and low-density carbon material derived from the carbonization of various biological residues. Biochars have multifunctional properties that make them promising adsorbents for the remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants from soil and water. High temperature treatment (HTT) and the properties of feedstocks are key factors influencing the properties of biochars. Feedstocks have distinctive physicochemical properties due to variations in elemental and structural composition, and they respond heterogeneously to specific pyrolysis conditions. The criteria for the selection of feedstocks and pyrolysis conditions for designing biochars for specific sorption properties are inadequately understood. We evaluated the influence of pyrolysis temperature on a wide range of feedstocks to investigate their effects on biochar properties. With increasing HTT, biochar pH, surface area, pore size, ash content, hydrophobicity and O/C vs. H/C (ratios that denote stability) increased, whereas, hydrophilicity, yield of biochar, O/C, and H/C decreased. Discriminant analysis of data from 533 published datasets revealed that biochar derived from hardwood (HBC) and softwood generally have greater surface area and carbon content, but lower content of oxygen and mineral constituents, than manure- (MBC) and grass-derived biochars (GBC). GBC and MBC have abundant oxygen-containing functional groups than SBC and HBC. The sequence of stability and aromaticity of feedstocks was MBC < GBC < SBC < HBC. Therefore, SBC and HBC are suitable for sorption of hydrophobic molecules. Biochars produced from low HTT are suitable for removal of ionic contaminants, whereas those produced at high HTT are suitable for removal of organic contaminants. The influences of biochar properties on sorption performance of heavy metals and organic contaminants are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masud Hassan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Sanjai J Parikh
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Jianhua Du
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Ian R Willett
- School of Agriculture & Food, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Cai W, Du ZL, Zhang AP, He C, Shi Q, Tian LQ, Zhang P, Li LP, Wang JJ. Long-term biochar addition alters the characteristics but not the chlorine reactivity of soil-derived dissolved organic matter. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116260. [PMID: 32763527 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely and increasingly applied to farmlands. However, it remains unclear how long-term biochar addition alters the characteristics and chlorine reactivity of soil-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), an important terrestrial disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursor in watersheds. Here, we analyzed the spectroscopic and molecular-level characteristics of soil-derived DOM and the formation and toxicity of DBP mixtures from DOM chlorination for two long-term (5 and 11 years) biochar addition experimental farmlands. As indicated by spectroscopic indices and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses, 11 years of biochar addition could increase the humic-like and aromatic and condensed aromatic DOM and decrease the microbial-derived DOM, while 5 years of biochar addition at the other site did not. The response of condensed aromatic dissolved black carbon did not increase with increasing cumulative biochar dose but appeared to be affected by biochar aging time. Despite the possible increase in aromatic DOM, biochar addition neither increased the reactivity of DOM in forming trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, chloral hydrates, or haloketones nor significantly increased the microtoxicity or genotoxicity of the DBP mixture. This study indicates that biochar addition in watersheds may not deteriorate the drinking water quality via the export of terrestrial DBP precursors like wildfire events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Cai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhang-Liu Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ai-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Li-Qiao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Ping Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Ramirez N, Sardella F, Deiana C, Schlosser A, Müller D, Kißling PA, Klepzig LF, Bigall NC. Capacitive behavior of activated carbons obtained from coffee husk. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38097-38106. [PMID: 35515146 PMCID: PMC9057230 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable agroindustry has presented many challenges related to waste management. Most of its residues are lignocellulosic biomass materials with great application potential due to their chemical composition, hence the use of biomass-derived carbon materials in energy storage has received growing interest in recent years. In this work, highly micro-porous carbonaceous materials using the endocarp of the coffee fruit or coffee husk (CH) as precursor are obtained. Specifically, three different activating agents (KOH, K2CO3, and steam) to derive activated carbons (ACs) with good capacitive properties are tested. The properties of ACs such as surface chemistry, texture, crystal graphite size, and order in the carbonaceous structure are assessed and compared. The capacitive behavior inherent to the activation routes is also characterized by means of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge (GCD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The obtained specific capacitance values range from 106 to 138 F g-1 for a discharge current of 0.5 A g-1. These results nominate coffee husk as a good precursor of carbonaceous materials suitable for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Ramirez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany .,Institute of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Juan Av. Lib. San Martín Oeste 1109 San Juan J5400ARL Argentina
| | - Fabiana Sardella
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Juan Av. Lib. San Martín Oeste 1109 San Juan J5400ARL Argentina
| | - Cristina Deiana
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Juan Av. Lib. San Martín Oeste 1109 San Juan J5400ARL Argentina
| | - Anja Schlosser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Dennis Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Patrick A Kißling
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Lars F Klepzig
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany .,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover Callinstraße 3A 30167 Hannover Germany .,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines) Hannover Germany
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Li Y, Xing B, Ding Y, Han X, Wang S. A critical review of the production and advanced utilization of biochar via selective pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123614. [PMID: 32517889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained from the thermo-chemical conversion of biomass. Studying the evolution properties of biochar by in-situ modification or post-modification is of great significance for improving the utilisation value of lignocellulosic biomass. In this paper, the production methods of biochar are reviewed. The effects of the biomass feedstock characteristics, production processes, reaction conditions (temperature, heating rate, etc.) as well as in-situ activation, heteroatomic doping, and functional group modification on the physical and chemical properties of biochar are compared. Based on its unique physicochemical properties, recent research advances with respect to the use of biochar in pollutant adsorbents, catalysts, and energy storage are reviewed. The relationship between biochar structure and its application are also revealed. It is suggested that a more effective control of biochar structure and its corresponding properties should be further investigated to develop a variety of biochar for targeted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xinhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Zhang H, Chen W, Li Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Yang L, Wei R, Ni J. Difference in characteristics and nutrient retention between biochars produced in nitrogen-flow and air-limitation atmospheres. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1396-1407. [PMID: 33016453 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The different effects of nitrogen-flow (NF) and air-limitation (AL) pyrolysis on the characteristics and nutrient retention of biochars (BCs) are unclear. Hence, in this study, BCs derived from bamboo, corn straw, and wheat straw were produced in AL and NF atmospheres at various temperatures (300-750 °C), and their different characteristics and nutrient retention rates were compared systematically. Nitrogen-flow pyrolysis facilitates C retention and graphitic C formation, and AL pyrolysis improves the polarity and supports the formation of oxygen-containing groups. With increasing pyrolysis temperature, C retention and graphitic C formation in BCs derived from AL pyrolysis decreases more significantly compared with BCs from NF pyrolysis. At 750 °C, the polarity and oxygen-containing groups of BCs derived from AL pyrolysis increase, whereas those from BCs derived from NF pyrolysis decrease. The observations are attributable to the AL and high-temperature-enhanced oxidization and gasification of C. An AL atmosphere with a higher pyrolysis temperature supports porosity and results in a larger specific surface area. Although pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere have negligible effects on nutrient retention, a low pyrolysis temperature facilitates the formation of water-soluble Ca, Mg, and P, and AL pyrolysis facilitates the formation of water-soluble P because the high pyrolysis temperature improves the pH and mineral stability of BCs, and air limitation facilitates the oxidation of organic P into PO4 3- . This study provides a reference for selecting AL or NF pyrolysis based on various pyrolysis temperatures to produce BCs and applying these in C sequestration, contaminant sorption, and soil quantity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Qingyang Li
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Caiting Wang
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Liuming Yang
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Ran Wei
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Lab. of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Fujian Provincial Key Lab. for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fujian Normal Univ., Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 350007
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Cheng Y, Luo L, Lv J, Li G, Wen B, Ma Y, Huang R. Copper Speciation Evolution in Swine Manure Induced by Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9008-9014. [PMID: 32539362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swine manures generally contain high levels of copper (Cu) resulting from its use as a growth promoter in feedstuff. Pyrolysis can further concentrate Cu whereas decrease its available fraction in swine manures. Here we investigated the speciation transformation of Cu and associated elements in swine manures induced by pyrolysis using multiple X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Results showed that over 82% of Cu existed as Cu(I)-S and Cu(I)-thiolate complexes in swine manures, which were transformed into stable Cu(I)2S during pyrolysis at a low temperature of 300 °C and partially oxidized and desulfurized into Cu(II) compounds at a high temperature of 500 °C. The speciation evolution of Cu in swine manures was consistent with the speciation distribution of sulfur in feedstuff and its following changes in swine manures during pyrolysis. About 58% of phosphorus existed as CaHPO4 and struvite in swine manures, which were gradually transformed into stable Ca-bound species such as hydroxyapatite during pyrolysis. The formation of stable phosphate, together with concentrated carbonates, significantly decreased the available Cu in pyrolyzed manures. These findings suggested that the high levels of S and P in feedstuff profoundly affected the speciation of Cu in the swine manures and derived biochars. This study has important implications to our understanding of the behaviors of heavy metals in manure-derived biochars once entering soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jitao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yibing Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Rixiang Huang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, United States
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Removal of Sulfadiazine Using 3D Interconnected Petal-Like Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide (MrGO) Nanocomposites. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption has been regarded as one of the most efficient and economic methods for the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions. In this work, different graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites using a modified solvothermal method were synthesized and employed to remove sulfadiazine (SDZ) from water. The adsorption capacity of the optimal magnetic reduced graphene oxide (MrGO) was approximately 3.24 times that of pure Fe3O4. After five repeated adsorption cycles, the removal rate of SDZ (100 μg/L) by MrGO nanocomposites was still around 89.3%, which was only about a 3% decrease compared to that in the first cycle. Mechanism investigations showed that both chemical and physical adsorption contributed to the removal of SDZ. The excellent adsorption performance and recyclability of MrGO nanocomposites could be attributed to their wonderful 3D interconnected petal-like structures. The MrGO with SDZ could be easily recollected by magnetic separation. The MrGO also exhibited excellent adsorption performance in the purification of real polluted water.
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Alkurdi SSA, Al-Juboori RA, Bundschuh J, Bowtell L, McKnight S. Effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char characterization and its ability for arsenic and fluoride removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114221. [PMID: 32120255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examined arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)] and fluoride (F-) removal potential of bone char produced from sheep (Ovis aries) bone waste. Pyrolysis conditions tested were in the 500 °C-900 °C range, for a holding time of 1 or 2 h, with or without N2 gas purging. Previous bone char studies mainly focused on either low or high temperature range with limited information provided on As(III) removal. This study aims to address these gaps and provide insights into the effect of pyrolysis conditions on bone char sorption capacity. A range of advanced chemical analyses were employed to track the change in bone char properties. As pyrolysis temperature and holding time increased, the resulting pH, surface charge, surface roughness, crystallinity, pore size and CEC all increased, accompanied by a decrease in the acidic functional groups and surface area. Pyrolysis temperature was a key parameter, showing improvement in the removal of both As(III) and As(V) as pyrolysis temperature was increased, while As(V) removal was higher than As(III) removal overall. F- removal displayed an inverse relationship with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Bone char prepared at 500 °C released significantly more dissolved organic carbon (DOC) then those prepared at a higher temperature. The bone protein is believed to be a major factor. The predominant removal mechanisms for As were surface complexation, precipitation and interaction with nitrogenous functional groups. Whereas F- removal was mainly influenced by interaction with oxygen functional groups and electrostatic interaction. This study recommends that the bone char pyrolysis temperature used for As and F- removal are 900 °C and 650 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S A Alkurdi
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; Northern Technical University, Engineering Technical College/Kirkuk, Iraq.
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Water Engineering Research Group, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia; UNESCO Chair on Groundwater Arsenic Within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Les Bowtell
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia.
| | - Stafford McKnight
- School of Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Federation University Australia, University Drive, Mt Helen, 3350, Victoria, Australia.
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Xing J, Xu G, Li G. Analysis of the complexation behaviors of Cu(II) with DOM from sludge-based biochars and agricultural soil: Effect of pyrolysis temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126184. [PMID: 32105854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis temperature is one of the important factors that affect the structure and composition of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM), which may impact interaction between biochar-derived DOM and Cu(II). Moreover, soil application of biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures is supposed to cause different complexation behaviors between soils-derived DOM and Cu(II). However, little is known about these aspects. Here, incubation experiments and quenching titration experiments were conducted to explore such pyrolysis temperatures-dependent changes in sludge and sludge-based biochars (SSBA). Two-dimension correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) indicated humic-like fraction had stronger affinities with Cu(II) in DOM from both sewage sludge (SS) and 500 °C sludge-based biochars (SSB5) while protein-like fraction showed the fastest response to Cu(II) binding in DOM from 300 °C sludge-based biochars (SSB3). One protein-like substance (Component 1) and two humic-like substances (Component 2 and 3) were identified in the DOM derived from SSBA through excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis. Moreover, the Cu(II) complexation affinities of component 1, 2 and 3 decreased from 4.43, 4.53 and 4.86 to 3.26, 3.50 and 3.39 with increasing pyrolysis temperatures, respectively. The addition of 10% SS evidently increased the complexation affinities of humic-like substances in soil-derived DOM from 4.43 to 4.68 to 4.60-6.86, while the complexation affinities of humic-like substances decreased from 4.52 to 4.78 to 3.82-4.50 at a 10% amendment of sludge-based biochars. Compared with sewage sludge, agricultural soil amended with 10% sludge-based biochars had better performance in the aspect of Cu(II) mobility, but had weaker detoxication effect on Cu(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Jin R, Liu Y, Liu G, Liu L, Zhou J. Influence of chromate adsorption and reduction on transport and retention of biochar colloids in saturated porous media. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Huang W, Chen J, Zhang J. Removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution by rabbit manure biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:1380-1390. [PMID: 30317932 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1535628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was prepared from rabbit faeces at 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C, respectively (labelled RFB400, RFB500, RFB600, and RFB700, respectively), and was characterized by elemental analysis, BET, SEM and FTIR. The adsorption factors, kinetics, isothermal adsorption and thermodynamics of the adsorption properties were investigated in batch experiments. The results showed that RFB possessed a large specific surface area and was rich in pore structure, and the aromaticity and stability increased with the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar. When the solution pH was 11, adsorption achieved equilibrium at approximately 180 min. The kinetic data were well-represented by the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the adsorption rate was jointly controlled by liquid film diffusion, surface adsorption and intra-particle diffusion. The results of isothermal adsorption and thermodynamics showed that the adsorption behaviour of CIP (ciprofloxacin) onto RFB was better fitted with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR studies showed that RFB was rich in oxygen-containing functional groups and that hydrogen bonds and π-π bonds were closely related to the adsorption process. This work showed that the rabbit faeces-derived biochar has promise as an effective adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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45
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Chen W, Ding S, Lin Z, Peng Y, Ni J. Different effects of N 2-flow and air-limited pyrolysis on bamboo-derived biochars' nitrogen and phosphorus release and sorption characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134828. [PMID: 31812386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advantages for biochars used in soil improvement have been proposed to their nutrients release and sorption characteristics which strongly depend on their production conditions. N2-flow and air-limited pyrolysis are two different widely-applied oxygen-limited pyrolysis methods for producing biochars, however, their different effects on nutrients release and sorption characteristics of biochars remains unknown. In this study, bamboo derived biochars pyrolyzed in N2-flow (BC-N2) and air-limited environments (BC-Air) at the temperature of 150~750 °C were used to compare the release and sorption of nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients. The results showed that release of nitrogen and phosphorous in BC-Air were always greater than those in BC-N2, the maximum nitrogen and phosphorous release of BC-Air (0.65 mg/g at 750 °C) is about 7.7 times of that of BC-N2 (0.084 mg/g at 450 °C). Both BC-N2 and BC-Air had no/little sorption of phosphate. Meanwhile, the sorption capacity of ammonium nitrogen on BC-Air (1.83 ~ 4.67 mg/g) was always greater than that on BC-N2 (0.23 ~ 1.34 mg/g) at the pyrolysis temperature of 300 ~ 750 °C. Phosphorous-containing minerals in ash was an enhancing factor for the release of phosphorous and sorption of ammonium nitrogen on BC-Air. Furthermore, with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the release amount of phosphorous from BC-Air and the sorption capacity of ammonium nitrogen on BC-Air increased. The results show that high pyrolysis temperature combined with air-limited environment produced biochars are optimal for nutrients enhancement and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Chen
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Shuya Ding
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Zerui Lin
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Yuanzhen Peng
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinzhi Ni
- College of Geographical Science/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Process/Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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Zhang J, Hu X, Yan J, Long L, Xue Y. Crayfish shell biochar modified with magnesium chloride and its effect on lead removal in aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9582-9588. [PMID: 31916176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, crayfish shell was pyrolyzed at 600 °C to obtain an unmodified biochar (CS600). MgCl2 was used as a modifier to pretreat crayfish shell to produce a modified biochar (CS600-MgCl2) under the same pyrolysis conditions. The two biochars were characterized for physicochemical properties and evaluated for lead (Pb2+) sorption ability to determine the modification mechanism. Mono-element batch adsorption experiments were conducted to compare the sorption performances of CS600 and CS600-MgCl2 to Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. All the experiments were carried out at pH of 7. According to the Freundlich-Langmuir model, CS600-MgCl2 had a higher adsorption capacity (152.3 mg/g) than CS600 (134.3 mg/g). FTIR, SEM, XRD, BET, and ICP analyses were applied to inform the interpretation of the mechanism. CS600 was calcium-rich and mainly removed Pb2+ through the ion exchange mechanism by replacing Ca2+ in the biochar. The increased Pb2+ adsorption capacity of CS600-MgCl2 was mainly due to the enlarged specific surface area and the formation of Mg3(OH)5Cl·4H2O on the modified biochar. Findings of this study suggest that both CS600 and CS600-MgCl2 can be used to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater and MgCl2 can improve the sorption performance of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinpeng Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Long
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingwen Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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47
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Jafri N, Yoon LW, Wong WY, Cheah KH. Power generation from palm kernel shell biochar in a direct carbon fuel cell. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Kim JY, Oh S, Park YK. Overview of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with detailed analysis of biochar characteristics, heavy metals behaviors, and their ecotoxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121356. [PMID: 31628056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the disposal of preservative-treated wood waste and its related environmental problems are the main driving forces of research into the recycling of preservative-treated wood. Preservative-treated wood waste composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with several types of heavy metals can be recycled in various ways, such as wood-based composites, heavy metal extraction, energy recovery, etc. In particular, thermochemical conversion has attracted considerable attention recently because energy can be recovered from biomass as liquid fuel and bio-oil, as well as produce bio-char with a high carbon content, which can be applied to valuable products, such as soil amendment, adsorbents, solid fuels, and catalyst supports. On the other hand, environmental issues, such as heavy metal volatilization and heavy metal leaching, are still a challenge. This review reports the state-of-the-art knowledge of biochar production from preservative-treated wood with the main focus on the feedstock, process technology, biochar characteristics, application, and environmental issues. This review provides important information for future studies into the recycling of preservative-treated woods into biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Young Kim
- Division of Wood Chemistry, Forest Products Department, National Institute of Forest Science, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinyoung Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Park
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Guo XX, Liu HT, Zhang J. The role of biochar in organic waste composting and soil improvement: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:884-899. [PMID: 31837554 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of organic wastes, which pose a severe threat to the environment, can be thermally pyrolyzed to produce biochar. Biochar has many potential uses owing to its unique physicochemical properties and attracts increasing attentions. Therefore, this review focuses on the agronomic functions of biochar used as compost additives and soil amendments. As a compost additive, biochar provides multiple benefits including improving composting performance and humification process, enhancing microbial activities, reducing greenhouse gas and NH4 emissions, immobilizing heavy metals and organic pollutants. As a soil amendment, biochar shows a good performance in improving soil properties and plant growth, alleviating drought and salinity stresses, interacting with heavy metals and organic pollutants and changing their fate of being uptaken from soils to plants. Furthermore, combined application of biochar and compost shows a good performance and a high agricultural value when applied to soils. Objectively and undeniably, there are still negative or ineffective cases of biochar amendment on crop yield and heavy metal immobilization, which is worthy of further attention. The medium-long term field monitoring of biochar-specific agricultural functions, as well as the exploration of wider sources for biochar feedstocks, are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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50
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Jiang Z, Lian F, Wang Z, Xing B. The role of biochars in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:520-542. [PMID: 31232450 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a promising soil additive for use in support of sustainable crop production. However, the high level of heterogeneity in biochar properties and the variations in soil composition present significant challenges to the successful uptake of biochar technologies in diverse agricultural soils. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to biochar-soil interactions is required to address issues related to climate change and cultivation practices. This review summarizes biochar modification approaches (physical, chemical, and biochar-based organic composites) and discusses the potential role of biochar in sustainable crop production and soil resiliency, including the degradation of soil organic matter, the improvement of soil quality, and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar design is crucial to successful soil remediation, particularly with regard to issues arising from soil structure and composition related to crop production. Given the wide variety of feedstocks for biochar production and the resultant high surface heterogeneity, greater efforts are required to optimize biochar surface functionality and porosity through appropriate modifications. The design and establishment of these approaches and methods are essential for the future utilization of biochar as an effective soil additive to promote sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Fei Lian
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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