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Sayim Shakil MA, Ritu JR, Akter A, Fatima N, Haque MM, Khan S. From waste to resource: Effects of digested rotten potato supernatant on the growth, total biomass and nutrient composition of Chlorella vulgaris. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35880. [PMID: 39224280 PMCID: PMC11367023 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of Chlorella vulgaris, a green microalga, in three different concentrations of digested rotten potato supernatant (DRPS) for 16 days. C. vulgaris was grown in 20 % (T1), 40 % (T2), and 60 % (T3) of the DRPS and at the same time in Bold Basal Medium (BBM) as a control (T4). A significantly highest cell density of C. vulgaris was found in T1 (192.83 ± 1.75 × 105 cells mL-1) in comparison to T2 (136.83 ± 5.58 × 105 cells mL-1), and T3 (99.11 ± 5.38 × 105 cells mL-1) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons) while the cell density at T1 (192.83 ± 1.75 × 105 cells mL-1) and T4 (180.907 ± 4.58 × 105 cells mL-1) did not differ significantly (p = 0.227). Moreover, the mean daily division rate of C. vulgaris was significantly higher in T1 (0.340 ± 0.001 divisions day-1) in comparison to other concentrations of DRPS (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The maximum value of total biomass (1.07 ± 0.10 g L-1) was found in T1 which was statistically similar to those in T4 and T2. In addition, there was no significant difference between the mean maximum values of chlorophyll-a content and optical density of C. vulgaris in T1 and T4. The highest protein content of 42.67 ± 0.57 % was observed in T4 which was significantly higher than T1 (39.43 ± 1.67 %) (p = 0.027). It is also worth mentioning that there was no significant difference in the crude lipid content of the microalgae grown in T1 (10.06 ± 0.17 %) and T4 (9.88 ± 0.14 %) (p = 0.616). Hence, 20 % DRPS can be used as an alternative culture media of BBM for C. vulgaris with a broad aim to accelerate the sustainable advancement of microalgal production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amina Akter
- Laboratory of Plankton Research, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Naushin Fatima
- Laboratory of Plankton Research, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahfuzul Haque
- Laboratory of Plankton Research, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Saleha Khan
- Laboratory of Plankton Research, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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2
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Singh P, Mohanty SS, Mohanty K. Comprehensive assessment of microalgal-based treatment processes for dairy wastewater. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1425933. [PMID: 39165401 PMCID: PMC11333367 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1425933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The dairy industry is becoming one of the biggest sectors within the global food industry, and these industries use almost 34% of the water. The amount of water used is governed by the production process and the technologies employed in the plants. Consequently, the dairy industries generate almost 0.2-10 L of wastewater per liter of processed milk, which must be treated before being discharged into water bodies. The cultivation of microalgae in a mixotrophic regime using dairy wastewater enhances biomass growth, productivity, and the accumulation of value-added product. The generated biomass can be converted into biofuels, thus limiting the dependence on petroleum-based crude oil. To fulfill the algal biorefinery model, it is important to utilize every waste stream in a cascade loop. Additionally, the harvested water generated from algal biomass production can be recycled for further microalgal growth. Economic and sustainable wastewater management, along with proper reclamation of nutrients from dairy wastewater, is a promising approach to mitigate the problem of water scarcity. A bibliometric study revealing limited work on dairy wastewater treatment using microalgae for biofuel production. And, limited work is reported on the pretreatment of dairy wastewater via physicochemical methods before microalgal-based treatment. There are still significant gaps remains in large-scale cultivation processes. It is also crucial to discover robust strains that are highly compatible with the specific concentration of contaminants, as this will lead to increased yields and productivity for the targeted bio-product. Finally, research on reutilization of culture media in photobioreactor is necessary to augument the productivity of the entire process. Therefore, the incorporation of the microalgal biorefinery with the wastewater treatment concept has great potential for promoting ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Satya Sundar Mohanty
- Division of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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3
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Chokshi K, Kavanagh K, Khan I, Slaveykova VI, Sieber S. Surface displayed MerR increases mercury accumulation by green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 189:108813. [PMID: 38878502 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Mercury is a highly toxic trace metal that can accumulate in aquatic ecosystems and when resent at high concentrations can pose risks to both aquatic life and humans consuming contaminated fish. This research explores the use of the metalloregulatory protein MerR, known for its high affinity and selectivity toward mercury, in a novel application. Through a cell surface engineering approach, MerR was displayed on cells of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A hydroxyproline-rich GP1 protein was used as an anchor to construct the engineered strains GP1-MerR that expresses the fluorescent protein mVenus. The surface engineered GP1-MerR strain led up to five folds higher Hg2+ accumulation compared to the WT strain at concentration range from 10-9 to 10-7 M Hg2+. The binding of Hg2+ via MerR was specific and did not get significantly affected by major freshwater water quality variables such as Ca2+ and dissolved organic matter. The presence of other trace metals (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cd2+) in a same concentration range even resulted in 30-40 % increase in the accumulated Hg. Further, the engineered cells also demonstrated the ability to accumulate Hg2+ from the water extracts of the Hg-contaminated sediment samples. These results demonstrate a novel approach utilizing the cell surface display system in C. reinhardtii for its potential application in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaumeel Chokshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Killian Kavanagh
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera I Slaveykova
- Department F.A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon Sieber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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4
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Almeida Medeiros J, Eduardo de Farias Silva C, Santos GKS, Almeida Alves do Nascimento M, Pimentel de Andrade F, Luciano Ferreira de Sá Filho M, Maria Villar da Gama B, Victor Oliveira Nascimento da Silva J, Maria Rosas Garcia Almeida R. Tertiary treatment of dairy wastewater applying a microalga-fungus consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38820593 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2357695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
This paper aimed to apply filamentous fungi (Penicillium oxalicum and Cunninghamella echinulata), the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus and their co-culture in advanced treatment (tertiary treatment) of cheese whey. The bioremediation process was carried out in agitated flasks and bubble column bioreactors with different concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (223-1663 mg L-1), total nitrogen (TN) (13-61 mg L-1), and total phosphorus (TP) (3-26 mg L-1). The results obtained in shaken flasks showed a superiority of the consortium compared to the systems with separated species. In this sense, the treatment was carried out in a bubble column reactor, and the consortium formed by the microalga and the fungus C. echinulata showed a greater efficiency (at a light intensity of 100 µmol m-2 s-1), promoting by the symbiosis to reach removal efficiencies of up to 93.7, 78.8 and 93.4% for COD, TN and TP, respectively; meeting Brazilian and European standards for discharge into water bodies. In addition, no pH adjustment was required during the co-culture treatment, demonstrating the buffering effect of using these two types of microorganisms. Therefore, the use of the consortium formed by T. obliquus and C. echinulata as a remediator was highly promising to promote the advanced treatment of cheese whey.
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Chen S, Liu C, Cao G, Li K, Huang J. Effect of salinity on biological nitrogen removal from wastewater and its mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24713-24723. [PMID: 38499924 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The nitrogen discharge from saline wastewater will cause significant pollution to the environment. As a high-efficiency and low-cost treatment method, biological treatment has a promising application prospect in the removal of nitrogen from high-salt wastewater. However, the inhibitory effect of high salt on microorganisms increases the difficulty of its treatment. This review discusses the influence of salinity on the nitrogen removal process, considering both traditional and novel biological techniques. Common methods to enhance the effectiveness of biological nitrogen removal processes and their mechanisms of action in engineering practice and research, including sludge acclimation and inoculation of halophilic bacteria, are also introduced. An outlook on the future development of biological nitrogen removal processes for high-salt wastewater is provided to achieve environmentally friendly discharge of high-salt wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Chen
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Guoxun Cao
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Ke Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Junliang Huang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Usai G, Cordara A, Mazzocchi E, Re A, Fino D, Pirri CF, Menin B. Coupling dairy wastewaters for nutritional balancing and water recycling: sustainable heterologous 2-phenylethanol production by engineered cyanobacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1359032. [PMID: 38497052 PMCID: PMC10940361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1359032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biotechnology is hampered by the high production costs and the massive usage of water during large-volume cultivations. These drawbacks can be softened by the production of high-value compounds and by adopting metabolic engineering strategies to improve their performances and productivity. Today, the most sustainable approach is the exploitation of industrial wastewaters for microalgae cultivation, which couples valuable biomass production with water resource recovery. Among the food processing sectors, the dairy industry generates the largest volume of wastewaters through the manufacturing process. These effluents are typically rich in dissolved organic matter and nutrients, which make it a challenging and expensive waste stream for companies to manage. Nevertheless, these rich wastewaters represent an appealing resource for microalgal biotechnology. In this study, we propose a sustainable approach for high-value compound production from dairy wastewaters through cyanobacteria. This strategy is based on a metabolically engineered strain of the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (already published elsewhere) for 2-phenylethanol (2-PE). 2-PE is a high-value aromatic compound that is widely employed as a fragrance in the food and cosmetics industry thanks to its pleasant floral scent. First, we qualitatively assessed the impact of four dairy effluents on cyanobacterial growth to identify the most promising substrates. Both tank-washing water and the liquid effluent of exhausted sludge resulted as suitable nutrient sources. Thus, we created an ideal buffer system by combining the two wastewaters while simultaneously providing balanced nutrition and completely avoiding the need for fresh water. The combination of 75% liquid effluent of exhausted sludge and 25% tank-washing water with a fine-tuning ammonium supplementation yielded 180 mg L-1 of 2-PE and a biomass concentration of 0.6 gDW L-1 within 10 days. The mixture of 90% exhausted sludge and 10% washing water produced the highest yield of 2-PE (205 mg L-1) and biomass accumulation (0.7 gDW L-1), although in 16 days. Through these treatments, the phosphates were completely consumed, and nitrogen was removed in a range of 74%-77%. Overall, our approach significantly valorized water recycling and the exploitation of valuable wastewaters to circularly produce marketable compounds via microalgae biotechnology, laying a promising groundwork for subsequent implementation and scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Usai
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cordara
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering—DIATI, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Mazzocchi
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Re
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Department of Applied Science and Technology—DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Menin
- Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche IBBA-CNR, Milan, Italy
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Li H, Wang Z, Feng T, Guo Y, Lv J, Li N, Liu X, Liu J. A fungal-algal self-flocculation system and its application to treat filter sludge leachate in the sugar industry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122718. [PMID: 37821041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and economical treatment of wastewater using microalgae has attracted much attention. However, harvesting microalgae cells from treated wastewater remains challenging. In the present study, a Chlorella vulgaris suspension containing filamentous fungi Aspergillus niger and Chaetomium gracile was successfully used to construct a self-flocculating system, with a microalgae flocculation efficiency of 99.6% achieved by gravity sedimentation within 4 h. The diameter of fungi played an important role in determining flocculation efficiency, and the optimal particle size was 10 mm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the sweeping action of fungal mycelia and the interaction between the functional groups of fungi and the C. vulgaris surface contributed to improve flocculation. Co-cultivation of C. vulgaris and fungi could effectively remove 83.53%, 94.45% and 76.88% of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, respectively, from the sludge leachate from a sugar mill. The fungal-algal biomass reached 5.75 g/L. Herein, the constructed self-flocculation system had coupled efficient flocculation of C. vulgaris with removal of pollutants from wastewater in a short period of time, and providing a green, pollution-free, low-cost method for simultaneous wastewater treatment and the production of high quality biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Jing Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xinliang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Jidong Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China; Academy of Sugarcane and Sugar Industry, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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8
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Sengupta SL, Chaudhuri RG, Dutta S. A critical review on phycoremediation of pollutants from wastewater-a novel algae-based secondary treatment with the opportunities of production of value-added products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114844-114872. [PMID: 37919498 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Though the biological treatment employing bacterial strains has wide application in effluent treatment plant, it has got several limitations. Researches hence while looking for alternative biological organisms that can be used for secondary treatment came up with the idea of using microalgae. Since then, a large number of microalgal/cyanobacterial strains have been identified that can efficiently remove pollutants from wastewater. Some researchers also found out that the algal biomass not only acts as a carbon sink by taking up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and giving oxygen but also is a renewable source of several value-added products that can be extracted from it for the commercial use. In this work, the cleaning effect of different species of microalgae/cyanobacteria on wastewater from varied sources along with the value-added products obtained from the algal biomass as observed by researchers during the past few years are reviewed. While a number of review works in the field of phycoremediation technology was reported in literature, a comprehensive study on phycoremediation of wastewater from different industries and household individually is limited. In the present review work, the efficiency of diverse microalgal/cyanobacterial strains in treatment of wide range of industrial effluents along with municipal wastewater having multi-pollutants has been critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Laxmi Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Rajib Ghosh Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
| | - Susmita Dutta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
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9
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Romanowska-Duda Z, Piotrowski K, Szufa S, Sklodowska M, Naliwajski M, Emmanouil C, Kungolos A, Zorpas AA. Valorization of Spirodela polyrrhiza biomass for the production of biofuels for distributed energy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16533. [PMID: 37783756 PMCID: PMC10545719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the main objectives of a circular economy, Lemnaceae plants have great potential for different types of techniques to valorize their biomass for use in biofuel production. For this reason, scientific interest in this group of plants has increased in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of salt stress on the growth and development of S. polyrrhiza and the valorization of biomass for biofuel and energy production in a circular economy. Plants were grown in a variety of culture media, including standard 'Z' medium, tap water, 1% digestate from a biogas plant in Piaszczyna (54° 01' 21″ N, 17° 10' 19″ E), Poland) and supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl (from 25 to 100 mM). Plants were cultured under phytotron conditions at 24 °C. After 10 days of culture, plant growth, fresh and dry biomass, as well as physio-chemical parameters such as chlorophyll content index, gas exchange parameters (net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration), chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were analyzed. After 10 days of the experiment, the percentage starch content of Spirodela shoot segments was determined. S. polyrrhiza was shown to have a high starch storage capacity under certain unfavorable growth conditions, such as salt stress and nutrient deficiency. In the W2 (50 mM NaCl) series, compared to the control (Control2), starch levels were 76% higher in shoots and 30% lower in roots. The analysis of the individual growth and development parameters of S. polyrrhiza plants in the experiment carried out indicates new possibilities for the use of this group of plants in biofuel and bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Romanowska-Duda
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 92-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - K Piotrowski
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 92-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - S Szufa
- Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 213, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Sklodowska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 92-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - M Naliwajski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Lodz, Banacha Str. 12/16, 92-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - C Emmanouil
- Department of Planning and Regional Development, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Kungolos
- Civil Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A A Zorpas
- Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, Latsia, 2231, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Kolesovs S, Semjonovs P. Microalgal conversion of whey and lactose containing substrates: current state and challenges. Biodegradation 2023; 34:405-416. [PMID: 37329398 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Currently dairy processing by-products, such as whey, still propose a significant threat to the environment if unproperly disposed. Microalgal bioconversion of such lactose containing substrates can be used for production of valuable microalgae-derived bio-products as well as for significant reduction of environmental risks. Moreover, it could significantly reduce microalgae biomass production costs, being a significant obstacle in commercialization of many microalgae species. This review summarizes current knowledge on the use of lactose containing substrates, e.g. whey, for the production of value-added products by microalgae, including information on producer cultures, fermentation methods and cultivation conditions, bioprocess productivity and ability of microalgal cultures to produce β-galactosidases. It can be stated, that despite several limitations lactose-containing substrates can be successfully used for both-the production of microalgal biomass and removal of high amounts of excess nutrients from the cultivation media. Moreover, co-cultivation of microalgae and other microorganisms can further increase the removal of nutrients and the production of biomass. Further investigations on lactose metabolism by microalgae, selection of suitable strains and optimisation of the cultivation process is required in order to enable large-scale microalgae production on these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Kolesovs
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Ojara Vaciesa Street 4, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Pavels Semjonovs
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Ojara Vaciesa Street 4, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
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Khalaf N, Shi W, Fenton O, Kwapinski W, Leahy J. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy waste: effect of temperature and initial acidity on the composition and quality of solid and liquid products. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 2:83. [PMID: 37645300 PMCID: PMC10445854 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14863.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of dairy processing waste was performed to investigate the effect of temperature and initial pH on the yield and composition of the solid (hydrochar) and liquor produced. All hydrochars met the EU requirements of organo-mineral solid fertilizers defined in the Fertilizing Products Regulation in terms of phosphorus (P) and mineral content. Methods: Laboratory scale HTC was performed using pressurized reactors, and the products (solid and liquid) were collected, stored and analyzed for elemental composition and nutrient content using Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and other analytic techniques. Results: Maximum hydrochar yield (60.67%) was observed at T=180℃ and pH=2.25, whereas the maximum P-recovery was 80.38% at T=220℃ and pH=4.6. The heavy metal content of the hydrochars was mostly compliant with EU limitations, except for Ni at T=220℃ and pH=8.32. Meanwhile, further study of Chromium (Cr) species is essential to assess the fertilizer quality of the hydrochars. For the liquid product, the increase in temperature beyond 200℃, coupled with an increase in initial acidity (pH=2.25) drove P into the liquor. Simultaneously, increasing HTC temperature and acidity increased the concentration of NO 3 - and NH 4 + in the liquid products to a maximum of 278 and 148 mg/L, respectively, at T=180℃ and pH=4.6. Furthermore, no direct relation between final pH of liquor and NH 4 + concentration was observed. Conclusions: HTC allows for the production of hydrochar as a potential fertilizer material that requires further processing. Adjusting HTC conditions enhanced P-recovery in the hydrochar, while retrieving higher nitrate concentrations in the liquid product. Optimizing HTC for the production of qualified hydrochars requires further treatment of Cr content, studying the availability of P in the products and enhancing the hydrochar yield for economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Khalaf
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Wenxuan Shi
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co, Wexford, Y35 TC97, Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co, Wexford, Y35 TC97, Ireland
| | - Witold Kwapinski
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - J.J. Leahy
- Chemical and Environmental Science Department, University of Limerick, Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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12
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Bouanga Boudiombo JS, Madden DG, Cusack B, Cronin P, Ryan A. State of the art and prospects of zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in dairy wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138531. [PMID: 37004818 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water is an essential resource for humans, animals, and plants. Water is also necessary for the manufacture of many products such as milk, textiles, paper, and pharmaceutical composites. During manufacturing, some industries generate a large amount of wastewater containing numerous contaminants. In the dairy industry, for each litre of drinking milk produced, about 10 L of wastewater is generated. Despite this environmental footprint, the production of milk, butter, ice cream, baby formula, etc., are essential in many households. Common contaminants in dairy wastewater include high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), salts as well as nitrogen and phosphorus derivatives. Nitrogen and phosphorus discharges are one of the leading causes in the eutrophication of rivers and oceans. Porous materials have long held significant potential as a disruptive technology for wastewater treatment. However, thus far they have been understudied for use in dairy wastewater treatment. Ordered porous materials, such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs), represent classes of porous materials with significant potential for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. This review explores the different zeolites and MOFs applied in the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and the prospect of their potential for use in wastewater management in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacky S Bouanga Boudiombo
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - David G Madden
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ben Cusack
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Patrick Cronin
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Alan Ryan
- Dairy Processing Technology Centre (DPTC), Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
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13
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Vaishnav S, Saini T, Chauhan A, Gaur GK, Tiwari R, Dutt T, Tarafdar A. Livestock and poultry farm wastewater treatment and its valorization for generating value-added products: Recent updates and way forward. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 382:129170. [PMID: 37196748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Livestock and poultry wastewater poses a potent risk factor for environmental pollution accelerating disease load and premature deaths. It is characterized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, heavy metals, pathogens, and antibiotics, among other contaminants. These contaminants have a negative impact on the quality of soil, groundwater, and air, and is a potential hazard to human health. Depending on the specific characteristics of wastewater, such as the type and concentration of pollutants present; several physical, chemical and biological strategies have been developed for wastewater treatment. This review aims at providing comprehensive overview of the profiling of livestock wastewater from the dairy, swine and poultry sub-sectors along with the biological (annamox and genetically modified bacteria) and physico-chemical treatment methodologies, and valorisation for the generation of value-added products such as bioplastics, biofertilizers, biohydrogen and microalgal-microbial fuel cells. Additionally, future perspectives for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment are contemplated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Vaishnav
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapendra Saini
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gyanendra Kumar Gaur
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rupasi Tiwari
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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14
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Singh P, Venkata Mohan S, Mohanty K. Dairy wastewater treatment using Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 and its potential as hydrothermal liquefaction feedstock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128877. [PMID: 36921641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 was cultivated mixotrophically for simultaneous treatment of dairy wastewater and biomass production. The KMC4 was cultivated with varying chemical oxygen demand concentrations of simulated synthetic dairy wastewater. Monoraphidium sp. KMC4 outperformed in 50% strength with biomass concentration of 1.47 g L-1. A significant change in biomass of 3.69 g L-1 was achieved after maintaining the pH of algal culture. The nutrient consumption promoted microalgal growth in the form of biomass productivity (122 mg L-1 day-1), accumulation of carbohydrate (28.73±1.6 wt%), protein (48.50±1.3 wt%), and lipid (20.29±2.3 wt%). This strain showed efficacious performance in treating simulated synthetic dairy wastewater obtaining biomass for various applications. The algal biomass derived from wastewater reported a significant volatile matter content and higher heating value. The biomass demonstrates satisfactory thermal degradation behavior which reveals its feasibility as feedstock for thermochemical conversion to biocrude. The integration of biomass production in high-scale raceway pond along with biocrude production is a promising pathway toward the generation of green energy for replacing traditional fossil fuels..
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Kaustubha Mohanty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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15
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Nachiappan K, Chandrasekaran R. Reformation of dairy effluent-a phycoremediation approach. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:405. [PMID: 36792850 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a unique renewable resource utilized since ages, serving as a reservoir for the production of various metabolites. In this study, dairy waste water (DWW) is used as the nutrient media for the cultivation of microalgae. This study focuses on the phycoremediation process of converting rich nutrients in the effluent into biomass and removing contaminants using microalgae. The specific growth rate reached the maximum of 0.55 day-1 in Desmococcus olivaceous, followed by 0.39 day-1 for Scenedesmus dimorphus, 0.23 day-1 in DCS (consortia composing all three strains in equal ratio), and lastly 0.22 day-1 in Chlorella vulgaris. The biomass productivity was 1.44 g L-1 day-1, 1.06 g L-1 day-1, 0.88 g L-1 day-1, and 0.65 g L-1 day-1 in D. olivaceous, S. dimorphus, C. vulgaris, and DCS, respectively. The COD and BOD removal percentage was 82.85% and 45.40% in D. olivaceous, 81.98% and 44.25% in C. vulgaris, 80.73% and 53.45% in S. dimorphus, and 80.10% and 43.10% in DCS, respectively. These results emphasize the promising role of algae in dairy effluent treatment, highlighting the effluent as a suitable medium for microalgae cultivation. It verifies the circular bio-economy concept where the treated wastewater is converted into value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagam Nachiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur Taluk, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu, 602 117, India
| | - Rajasekaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632 014, India.
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16
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Pradhan N, Kumar S, Selvasembian R, Rawat S, Gangwar A, Senthamizh R, Yuen YK, Luo L, Ayothiraman S, Saratale GD, Mal J. Emerging trends in the pretreatment of microalgal biomass and recovery of value-added products: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128395. [PMID: 36442602 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising source of raw material (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, pigments, and micronutrients) for various value-added products and act as a carbon sink for atmospheric CO2. The rigidity of the microalgal cell wall makes it difficult to extract different cellular components for its applications, including biofuel production, food and feed supplements, and pharmaceuticals. To improve the recovery of products from microalgae, pretreatment strategies such as biological, physical, chemical, and combined methods have been explored to improve whole-cell disruption and product recovery efficiency. However, the diversity and uniqueness of the microalgal cell wall make the pretreatment process more species-specific and limit its large-scale application. Therefore, advancing the currently available technologies is required from an economic, technological, and environmental perspective. Thus, this paper provides a state-of-art review of the current trends, challenges, and prospects of sustainable microalgal pretreatment technologies from a microalgae-based biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirakar Pradhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shweta Rawat
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - Agendra Gangwar
- Biofuel Research Laboratory, School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, U.P. 221005 India
| | - R Senthamizh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yuk Kit Yuen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem - 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Prdesh, India
| | - Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggido, Seoul 10326, Korea
| | - Joyabrata Mal
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Osorio-Reyes JG, Valenzuela-Amaro HM, Pizaña-Aranda JJP, Ramírez-Gamboa D, Meléndez-Sánchez ER, López-Arellanes ME, Castañeda-Antonio MD, Coronado-Apodaca KG, Gomes Araújo R, Sosa-Hernández JE, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldivar R, Martínez-Ruiz M. Microalgae-Based Biotechnology as Alternative Biofertilizers for Soil Enhancement and Carbon Footprint Reduction: Advantages and Implications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020093. [PMID: 36827134 PMCID: PMC9958754 DOI: 10.3390/md21020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the constant growth of the human population and anthropological activity, it has become necessary to use sustainable and affordable technologies that satisfy the current and future demand for agricultural products. Since the nutrients available to plants in the soil are limited and the need to increase the yields of the crops is desirable, the use of chemical (inorganic or NPK) fertilizers has been widespread over the last decades, causing a nutrient shortage due to their misuse and exploitation, and because of the uncontrolled use of these products, there has been a latent environmental and health problem globally. For this reason, green biotechnology based on the use of microalgae biomass is proposed as a sustainable alternative for development and use as soil improvers for crop cultivation and phytoremediation. This review explores the long-term risks of using chemical fertilizers for both human health (cancer and hypoxia) and the environment (eutrophication and erosion), as well as the potential of microalgae biomass to substitute current fertilizer using different treatments on the biomass and their application methods for the implementation on the soil; additionally, the biomass can be a source of carbon mitigation and wastewater treatment in agro-industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Diana Ramírez-Gamboa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | | | - Ma. Dolores Castañeda-Antonio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas del Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72490, Mexico
| | - Karina G. Coronado-Apodaca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Rafael Gomes Araújo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Correspondence: (R.P.-S.); (M.M.-R.)
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18
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Kiani H, Azimi Y, Li Y, Mousavi M, Cara F, Mulcahy S, McDonnell H, Blanco A, Halim R. Nitrogen and phosphate removal from dairy processing side-streams by monocultures or consortium of microalgae. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:1-11. [PMID: 36410532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Acid-casein production generates waste streams that are rich in nitrogen (in the form of protein and nitrate) and phosphate. This makes this type of waste very difficult to treat using conventional techniques resulting in a high amount of operating cost and costly investment. In this research, the application of single culture or consortium of microalgae for uptake of nitrogen and phosphate in the wastewater of an acid-casein factory was investigated. The waste was a 1:1 mixture of nanofiltered whey permeate and dairy processing wastewater. Monocultures of Chlorella vulgaris, Tetradesmus obloquus, Nonnochlropsis ocenica and a consortium of the three microalgae were analyzed. The results showed that the consortium exhibited more efficient nitrogen and phosphate removal compared to the individual species. The consortium was able to rapidly hydrolyse exogenous protein present in the waste medium, removing 88% of protein and breaking down complex protein molecules into simpler compounds (such as nitrate) for assimilation into the biomass. In the first fourteen days of cultivation, the rate of nitrate assimilation by the consortium biomass was lower than that of nitrate formation from protein degradation, leading to a net increase in nitrate concentration in the medium. As protein source was depleted and biomass concentration increased, however, the rate of nitrate assimilation began to exceed that of nitrate formation allowing for net removal of nitrate. The microalgae consortium was shown to successfully bioremediate all nitrates by day 21. It was indicated that Chlorella and Nannochloropsis species were responsible for nitrogen removal in monocultures. Phosphate, on the other hand, was efficiently removed by Tetradesmus. The results indicated that a consortium cultivation of three species of microalgae led to effective elimination of both nitrogen and phosphate. Combined flow-cytometry and microscopy analyses revealed that Chlorella overtook Tetradesmus and Nannochloropsis to emerge as the dominant population in the consortium by the end of the cultivation cycle. It can be concluded that the application of microalgae consortium for simultaneous recovery of nitrogen and phosphate is a promising approach for treating acid-casein wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kiani
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Bioprocessing and Biodetection Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Azimi
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Bioprocessing and Biodetection Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yuchen Li
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Mousavi
- Bioprocessing and Biodetection Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fanny Cara
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Shane Mulcahy
- Arrabawn Co-Operative Society Ltd., Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
| | - Hugh McDonnell
- Arrabawn Co-Operative Society Ltd., Nenagh, Co. Tipperary, Ireland
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ronald Halim
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Yadav S, Goyal VC. Current Status of Ponds in India: A Framework for Restoration, Policies and Circular Economy. WETLANDS (WILMINGTON, N.C.) 2022; 42:107. [PMID: 36373131 PMCID: PMC9638415 DOI: 10.1007/s13157-022-01624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Healthy pond ecosystems are critical for achieving several sustainable development goals (SDG) through numerous ecosystem services (e.g., flood control, nutrient retention, and carbon sequestration). However, the socio-economic and ecological value of ponds is often underestimated compared to the larger water bodies. Ponds are highly vulnerable to mounting land-use pressures (e.g., urban expansion, and agriculture intensification) and environmental changes, leading to degradation and loss of the pond ecosystem. The narrow utilitarian use-based conservation fails to recognize the multiple anthropogenic pressures and provides narrow solutions which are inefficient to regenerate the degraded pond ecosystem. In this paper, we holistically examined the legal challenges (policies) and key anthropogenic and environmental pressures responsible for pond degradation in India. The country is strongly dedicated to attaining SDG and circular economy (CE) through aquatic ecosystem conservation and restoration. Considerable efforts are required at the administration level to recognize the contribution of pond ecosystem services in attaining global environmental goals and targets. Worldwide restoration strategies were reviewed, and a framework for pond restoration and conservation was proposed, which includes policies and incentives, technologies such as environmental-DNA (e-DNA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and other ecohydrological measures. Nature-based solutions (NBS) offer a sustainable and cost-effective approach to restoring the pond's natural processes. Furthermore, linkage between the pond ecosystem and the CE was assessed to encourage a regenerative system for biodiversity conservation. This study informs the need for extensive actions and legislative reforms to restore and conserve the pond ecosystems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-022-01624-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Yadav
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667 India
| | - V. C. Goyal
- Research Management and Outreach Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667 India
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20
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Fatehi F, Parnian-khajehdizaj F, Tar M, Salem A. Partial dried dairy waste as a protein source in a dairy cow diet: Effects on lactation performance, ruminal measurements, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Microalgae-Based Biorefineries: Challenges and Future Trends to Produce Carbohydrate Enriched Biomass, High-Added Value Products and Bioactive Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081146. [PMID: 36009773 PMCID: PMC9405046 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Microalgae-based biorefineries allow the simultaneous production of microalgae biomass enriched in a particular macromolecule and high-added and low-value products if a proper selection of the microalgae species and the cultivation conditions are adequate for the purpose. This review discusses the challenges and future trends related to microalgae-based biorefineries stressing the multi-product approach and the use of raw wastewater or pretreated wastewater to improve the cost-benefit ratio of biomass and products. Emphasis is given to the production of biomass enriched in carbohydrates. Microalgae-bioactive compounds as potential therapeutical and health promoters are also discussed. Future and novel trends following the circular economy strategy are also discussed. Abstract Microalgae have demonstrated a large potential in biotechnology as a source of various macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids) and high-added value products (pigments, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, peptides, exo-polysaccharides, etc.). The production of biomass at a large scale becomes more economically feasible when it is part of a biorefinery designed within the circular economy concept. Thus, the aim of this critical review is to highlight and discuss challenges and future trends related to the multi-product microalgae-based biorefineries, including both phototrophic and mixotrophic cultures treating wastewater and the recovery of biomass as a source of valuable macromolecules and high-added and low-value products (biofertilizers and biostimulants). The therapeutic properties of some microalgae-bioactive compounds are also discussed. Novel trends such as the screening of species for antimicrobial compounds, the production of bioplastics using wastewater, the circular economy strategy, and the need for more Life Cycle Assessment studies (LCA) are suggested as some of the future research lines.
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22
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Ali Kubar A, Jin N, Cui Y, Hu X, Qian J, Zan X, Zhang C, Zhu F, Kumar S, Huo S. Magnetic/electric field intervention on oil-rich filamentous algae production in the application of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene based wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 356:127272. [PMID: 35526707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the release of acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene (ABS) wastewater from numerous industries is a serious concern. Recently, oil-rich filamentous algae Tribonema sp has been grown utilizing toxic but nutrient-rich ABS effluent. Here, Tribonema sp. was cultivated under intervention of different magneto-electric combinatory fields (MCFs) (control, 0.6 V/cm, 1 h/d-1.2 V/cm, 1 h/d-0.6 V/cm, and 1 h/d-1.2 V/cm). Results showed MCF (1 h/d-0.6 V/cm) intervention increased the biomass by 9.7% (2.4 g/L) combined with high removal efficiencies (95% and 99%) of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate increased to 82%, 6% higher than the control. Moreover, MCF of 1 h/d-0.6 V/cm significantly increased lipid and carbohydrate by 7.71% and 4.73% respectively. MCF increased premium fatty acid content such as palmitic acid (C16:0), myristic acid (C14: 0), and hexadecenoic acid (C16:1). MCF intervention also supported a diverse microbial flora, offering a favorable solution for ABS wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Ali Kubar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Nana Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jingya Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinyi Zan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cunsheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Santosh Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Kamilya T, Gautam RK, Muthukumaran S, Navaratna D, Mondal S. Technical advances on current research trends and explore the future scope on nutrient recovery from waste-streams: a review and bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49632-49650. [PMID: 35597831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An exponentially growing global population has led to an increase in nutrient pollution in different aqueous bodies. Although different processes have successfully removed nutrients from wastewater on a large scale, a limited number of studies have been reported on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and future potential of physical, chemical, and biological nutrient recovery methods to overcome the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, researchers need to understand current research trends by applying different approaches to investigate higher efficient nutrient recovery technologies. In this article, the research patterns and in-depth review of various nutrient recovery processes have been circumscribed with the application of bibliometric and attractive index (AAI) vs. activity index (AI) analysis. The performance, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of different nutrient recovery methods have also been addressed. More than 70% of study publications were published in the last decade in chemical and biological processes, which might be related to more rigorous effluent quality rules and increasing water pollution. The future prediction in the field of nutrient recovery has been predicted using S-curve analysis, and it was found that the number of publications in the saturated state in chemical methods was highest. However, the growth rate of the biological-based nutrient recovery methods is greater, which may be because of their huge research scope, cost-effectiveness, and easy operation methods. This study can assist researchers in understanding the current research scenario in nutrient recovery techniques and provide the research scope in nutrient recovery from wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Kamilya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Gautam
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dimuth Navaratna
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandip Mondal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
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24
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de Mendonça HV, Otenio MH, Marchão L, Lomeu A, de Souza DS, Reis A. Biofuel recovery from microalgae biomass grown in dairy wastewater treated with activated sludge: The next step in sustainable production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153838. [PMID: 35176365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofuel could be the next step in avoiding the excessive use of fossil fuels and reducing negative impacts on the environment. In the present study, two species of microalgae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris) were used for biomass production, grown in dairy wastewater treated by activated sludge systems. The photobioreactors were operated in batch and in continuous mode. The dry biomass produced was in the range of 2.30 to 3.10 g L-1. The highest volumetric yields for lipids and carbohydrates were 0.068 and 0.114 g L-1 day-1. Maximum CO2 biofixation (750 mg L-1 day-1) was obtained in continuous mode. The maximum values for lipids (21%) and carbohydrates (39%) were recorded in the batch process with species Scenedesmus obliquus. In all of the experiments, the Linolenic acid concentration (C18:3) was greater than 12%, achieving satisfactory oxidative stability and good quality. Projected biofuel production could vary between 4,863,708 kg and 9,246,456 kg year-1 if all the dairy wastewater produced in Brazil were used for this purpose. Two hectares would be needed to produce 24,99 × 109 L year-1 of microalgae bioethanol, a far lower value than used in cultivating sugar cane. If all dairy wastewater generated annually in Brazil were used to produce microalgae biomass, it would be possible to obtain approximately 30,609 to 53,647 barrels of biodiesel per year. These data show that only by using dairy wastewater would biofuels be produced to replace 17% to 40% of the fossil fuels currently used in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Vieira de Mendonça
- Institute of Technology / Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Henrique Otenio
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 36038-330 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonilde Marchão
- Chemistry Centre - Vila Real (CQVR) and Department of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Lomeu
- Institute of Technology / Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Salvador de Souza
- Institute of Technology / Engineering Department, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus Seropédica, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alberto Reis
- National Laboratory of Energy and Geology, I.P. (LNEG), Bioenergy Unit, Campus Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
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25
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Goswami RK, Agrawal K, Verma P. An exploration of natural synergy using microalgae for the remediation of pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics in wastewater. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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26
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Singh V, Mishra V. Evaluation of the effects of input variables on the growth of two microalgae classes during wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118165. [PMID: 35183015 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment carried out by microalgae is usually affected by the type of algal strain and the combination of cultivation parameters provided during the process. Every microalga strain has a different tolerance level towards cultivation parameters, including temperature, pH, light intensity, CO2 content, initial inoculum level, pretreatment method, reactor type and nutrient concentration in wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to supply the right combination of cultivation parameters to increase the wastewater treatment efficiency and biomass productivity of different microalgae classes. In the current investigation, the decision tree was used to analyse the dataset of class Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Various combinations of cultivation parameters were determined to enhance their performance in wastewater treatment. Nine combinations of cultivation parameters leading to high biomass production and eleven combinations each for high nitrogen removal efficiency and high phosphorus removal efficiency for class Trebouxiophyceae were detected by decision tree models. Similarly, eleven combinations for high biomass production, nine for high nitrogen removal efficiency, and eight for high phosphorus removal efficiency were detected for class Chlorophyceae. The results obtained through decision tree analysis can provide the optimum conditions of cultivation parameters, saving time in designing new experiments for treating wastewater at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Vishal Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT(BHU), Varanasi, India.
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27
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Liu R, Li S, Tu Y, Hao X, Qiu F. Recovery of value-added products by mining microalgae. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 307:114512. [PMID: 35066198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae blooms are always blamed for the interruption of the aquatic environment and pose a risk to the source of drinking water. Meanwhile, microalgae as primary producers are a kind of resource pool and could benefit the environment and contribute to building a circular economy. The lipid and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the cells of microalgae could be alternatives to fossil fuels and plastics, respectively, which are the culprits of global warming and plastic pollution. Besides, some microalgae are rich in nutrients, such as proteins and astaxanthin, which make themselves suitable for feed additives. As wastewater is rich in nutrients necessary for microalgae, thus, value-added product recovery via microalgae could be an approach to valorizing wastewater. However, a one-size-fits-all approach deploying various wastewater for the above products cannot be summarized. On the contrary, specific technical protocols should be tailored regarding each product in microalgae biomass with various wastewater. Thus, this review is to summarize the research effort by far on wastewater-cultivated microalgae for value-added products. Wastewater type, regulation methods, and targeted product yields are compiled and discussed and are expected to guide future extrapolation into a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranbin Liu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Siqi Li
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Yingfan Tu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
| | - Fuguo Qiu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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28
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Sar T, Harirchi S, Ramezani M, Bulkan G, Akbas MY, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ. Potential utilization of dairy industries by-products and wastes through microbial processes: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152253. [PMID: 34902412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry generates excessive amounts of waste and by-products while it gives a wide range of dairy products. Alternative biotechnological uses of these wastes need to be determined to aerobic and anaerobic treatment systems due to their high chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels and rich nutrient (lactose, protein and fat) contents. This work presents a critical review on the fermentation-engineering aspects based on defining the effective use of dairy effluents in the production of various microbial products such as biofuel, enzyme, organic acid, polymer, biomass production, etc. In addition to microbial processes, techno-economic analyses to the integration of some microbial products into the biorefinery and feasibility of the related processes have been presented. Overall, the inclusion of dairy wastes into the designed microbial processes seems also promising for commercial approaches. Especially the digestion of dairy wastes with cow manure and/or different substrates will provide a positive net present value (NPV) and a payback period (PBP) less than 10 years to the plant in terms of biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Sharareh Harirchi
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohaddaseh Ramezani
- Microorganisms Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Centre (IBRC), ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gülru Bulkan
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Ashok Pandey
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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29
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Malik S, Kishore S, Prasad S, Shah MP. A comprehensive review on emerging trends in industrial wastewater research. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:296-309. [PMID: 35132661 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization is one of the intricate factors that is linked to the depletion of water resources and increased generation of wastewater. Due to various obstructions and impediments, such as ineffective treatment solutions, exorbitant prices, lack of basic amenities, insufficient financial assistance, and technical expertise, sustainable treatment of industrial effluents has become an onerous process in most parts of the world. The majority of current treatment solutions are conventional and outdated, and thus fall short to remove all the contaminants efficiently from the industrial wastewater. Moreover, poorly treated or untreated industrial effluents are indiscriminately dumped into water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and rivers, causing substantial health hazards to humans and animals and serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem. Thus, there is a need for highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable technologies for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Employment of microbial technologies such as microbial fuel cells and microalgal technologies, treatment of wastewater can be coupled with the production of bioelectricity and valuable biomass, respectively. Moreover, with nanofiltration and biochar technologies, the efficiency of the overall treatment procedure can be increased to a greater extent. The present review aims to highlight opportunities and challenges associated with some of the emerging trends in industrial wastewater research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
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30
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Usmani Z, Sharma M, Gaffey J, Sharma M, Dewhurst RJ, Moreau B, Newbold J, Clark W, Thakur VK, Gupta VK. Valorization of dairy waste and by-products through microbial bioprocesses. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126444. [PMID: 34848333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Waste is an inherent and unavoidable part of any process which can be attributed to various factors such as process inefficiencies, usability of resources and discarding of not so useful parts of the feedstock. Dairy is a burgeoning industry following the global population growth, resulting in generation of waste such as wastewater (from cleaning, processing, and maintenance), whey and sludge. These components are rich in nutrients, organic and inorganic materials. Additionally, the presence of alkaline and acidic detergents along with sterilizing agents in dairy waste makes it an environmental hazard. Thus, sustainable valorization of dairy waste requires utilization of biological methods such as microbial treatment. This review brings forward the current developments in utilization and valorization of dairy waste through microbes. Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of dairy waste using microbes can be a sustainable and green method to generate biofertilizers, biofuels, power, and other biobased products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Usmani
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - Minaxi Sharma
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya 793101, India
| | - James Gaffey
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University, Kerry, Ireland
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Shri Awadh Raz Singh Smarak Degree College, Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard J Dewhurst
- Dairy Research Centre, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Benoît Moreau
- Laboratoire de "Chimie verte et Produits Biobasés", Haute Ecole Provinciale du Hainaut- Département AgroBioscience et Chimie, 11, rue de la Sucrerie, 7800 Ath, Belgique
| | | | - William Clark
- Zero Waste Scotland, Moray House, Forthside Way, Stirling FK8 1QZ, UK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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31
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Ahmad A, Banat F, Alsafar H, Hasan SW. Algae biotechnology for industrial wastewater treatment, bioenergy production, and high-value bioproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150585. [PMID: 34597562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A growing world population is causing hazardous compounds to form at an increasingly rapid rate, calling for ecological action. Wastewater management and treatment is an expensive process that requires appropriate integration technology to make it more feasible and cost-effective. Algae are of great interest as potential feedstocks for various applications, including environmental sustainability, biofuel production, and the manufacture of high-value bioproducts. Bioremediation with microalgae is a potential approach to reduce wastewater pollution. The need for effective nutrient recovery, greenhouse gas reduction, wastewater treatment, and biomass reuse has led to a wide interest in the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment. Furthermore, algae biomass can be used to produce bioenergy and high-value bioproducts. The use of microalgae as medicine (production of bioactive and medicinal compounds), biofuels, biofertilizers, and food additives has been explored by researchers around the world. Technological and economic barriers currently prevent the commercial use of algae, and optimal downstream processes are needed to reduce production costs. Therefore, the simultaneous use of microalgae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production could be an economical approach to address these issues. This article provides an overview of algae and their application in bioremediation, bioenergy production, and bioactive compound production. It also highlights the current problems and opportunities in the algae-based sector, which has recently become quite promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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32
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Wang H, Deng L, Qi Z, Wang W. Constructed microalgal-bacterial symbiotic (MBS) system: Classification, performance, partnerships and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150082. [PMID: 34525774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microalgal-bacterial symbiotic (MBS) system shows great advantages in the synchronous implementation of wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. To enhance the understanding of different MBS systems, this review summarizes reported MBS systems and proposes three patterns according to the living state of microalgae and bacteria. They are free microalgal-bacterial (FMB) system, attached microalgal-bacterial (AMB) system and bioflocculated microalgal-bacterial (BMB) system. Compared with the other two patterns, BMB system shows the advantages of microalgal biomass harvesting and application. To further understand the microalgal-bacterial partnerships in the bioflocculation of BMB system, this review discusses bioflocs characteristics, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) properties and production, and the effect of microalgae/bacteria ratio and microalgal strains on the formation of bioflocculation. Microalgal biomass production and application are important for BMB system development in the future. Food processing wastewater characterized by high biodegradability and low toxicity should be conducive for microalgal cultivation. In addition, exogenous addition of functional bacteria for nutrient removal and bioflocculation formation would be a crucial research direction to facilitate the large-scale application of BMB system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Liangwei Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610213, China.
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33
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Sharma R, Mishra A, Pant D, Malaviya P. Recent advances in microalgae-based remediation of industrial and non-industrial wastewaters with simultaneous recovery of value-added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126129. [PMID: 34655783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of microalgae to grow in a broad spectrum of wastewaters manifests great potentials for removing contaminants from effluents of industries and urban areas. Since the post-treatment microalgae biomass is also a significant source of high-value products, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is an economical and sustainable solution to wastewater management. Adding more value, the integration of microalgae with living/non-living materials looks more promising. Microalgae-based treatment technology has certain limitations like high operational costs, problematic harvesting, large land requirements, and hindrance in photosynthesis due to turbid wastewater. These challenges need to be essentially addressed to achieve enhanced wastewater remediation. This review has highlighted the potential applications of microalgae in contaminant removal from wastewaters, simultaneous resource recovery, efficient microalgae-based hybrid systems along with bottlenecks and prospects. This state-of-the-art article will edify the role of microalgae in wastewater remediation, biomass valorization for bio-based products, and present numerous possibilities in strengthening the circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozi Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Arti Mishra
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida-201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Pant
- Separation & Conversion Technology, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Piyush Malaviya
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Jammu, Jammu-180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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34
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Kumar Awasthi M, Paul A, Kumar V, Sar T, Kumar D, Sarsaiya S, Liu H, Zhang Z, Binod P, Sindhu R, Kumar V, Taherzadeh MJ. Recent trends and developments on integrated biochemical conversion process for valorization of dairy waste to value added bioproducts: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126193. [PMID: 34710613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, discuss the many ways utilized by the dairy sector to treat pollutants, emphasizing their influence on the quality and efficiency with which contamination is removed. It focuses on biotechnology possibilities for valorizing dairy waste in particular. The findings revealed that dairy waste may be treated using physicochemical, biological, and biotechnological techniques. Notably, this article highlighted the possibility of dairy waste being used as a feedstock not only for the generation of biogas, bioethanol, biohydrogen, microbial fuel cells, lactic acid, and fumaric acid via microbial technology but also for the production of biooil and biochar by pyrolysis. In addition, this article critically evaluates the many treatment techniques available for recovering energy and materials from dairy waste, their combinations, and implementation prospects. Valorization of dairy waste streams presents an opportunity to extend the dairy industry's presence in the fermented functional beverage sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Anindita Paul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210,USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Taner Sar
- (f)Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210,USA
| | - Surendra Sarsaiya
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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35
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Formulation of New Media from Dairy and Brewery Wastes for a Sustainable Production of DHA-Rich Oil by Aurantiochytrium mangrovei. Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010039. [PMID: 35049894 PMCID: PMC8778784 DOI: 10.3390/md20010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mozzarella stretching water (MSW) is a dairy effluent generated from mozzarella cheese production that does not have a real use and is destined to disposal, causing environmental problems and representing a high disposal cost for dairy producers. Spent brewery yeast (SBY) is another promising food waste produced after brewery manufacturing that could be recycled in new biotechnological processes. Aurantiochytrium mangrovei is an aquatic protist known as producer of bioactive lipids such as omega 3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 LC-PUFA), in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work MSW and SBY have been used to formulate new sustainable growth media for A. mangrovei cultivation and production of DHA in an attempt to valorize these effluents. MSW required an enzymatic hydrolysis to enhance the biomass production. The new media obtained from hydrolysed MSW was also optimized using response surface methodologies, obtaining 10.14 g L-1 of biomass in optimized medium, with a DHA content of 1.21 g L-1.
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Divya Kuravi S, Venkata Mohan S. Mixotrophic cultivation of isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7: Photosynthetic response and product profiling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125798. [PMID: 34469817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The isolated Messastrum gracile SVMIICT7 was mixotrophically cultivated in flat panel photobioreactor (FP-PBR) towards understanding the photosynthetic transient and product profile. Biomass productivity attained a maximum of 45 mg L-1d-1, with COD, nitrate and phosphate removal of 83.3%, 84.05%, and 74.98% respectively. Messastrum sp. showed good assimilation of proteins (124 mg g-1) (w/w), carbohydrates (119 mg g-1) (w/w) and lipids (26%) (w/w). The myristoleic acid (C14:1-39.1%) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0-29.1%) are abundant fatty acids with therapeutic, food and feed applications. The cellular ultrastructure studies revealed facile arrangement of chloroplast and starch covered pyrenoids supporting increased carbohydrate accumulation. Photosystem II (PSII) [Y(II), ETR(II), Y(NPQ), and Y(NO)] and photosystem I (PSI) [Y(I), ETR(I), Y(NA), and Y(ND)] transients showed improved photosynthetic efficiency directing microalgae growth and biomass productivity. Higher Fv/Fm values indicates relatively good water splitting and carbon fixation at PSII and PSI facilitating improved photosynthetic electron transport and synthesis of value-added products thereby enabling bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Divya Kuravi
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering (DEEE), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Chandra R, Pradhan S, Patel A, Ghosh UK. An approach for dairy wastewater remediation using mixture of microalgae and biodiesel production for sustainable transportation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113210. [PMID: 34375226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is remediation of dairy wastewater (DWW) for biodiesel feedstock production using poly-microalgae cultures of four microalgae namely Chlorella minutissima (C. minutissima), Scenedesmus abundans (S. abundans), Nostoc muscorum (N. muscorum) and Spirulina sp. The poly-microalgae cultures were prepared as C. minutissima + N. muscorum (CN), C. minutissima + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (CNSS) and S. abundans + N. muscorum + Spirulina sp. (SNSS). Poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW achieved 75.16, 61.37, 58.76, 84.48 and 84.58%, removals of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended solids (SS), respectively, at 12:12 h photoperiod that resulted into total biomass and lipid yield of 3.47 ± 0.07 g/L and 496.32± 0.065 mg/L. However, maximum biomass and lipid yields of 5.76 ± 0.06 and 1152.37 ± 0.065 mg/L were achieved by poly-microalgae culture CNSS cultivated on 70% DWW + 10 g/L of glucose at 18:6 h photoperiod. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis shown presence of C14:0 (myristic acid) C16:0 (palmitic acid), C16:1 (palmitoleic acid), C18:0 (stearic acid), C18:2 (linoleic acid) and C18:3 (linolenic acid), it indicates that the lipids produced from poly-microalgae cultures are suitable for biodiesel production. Thus, poly-microalgae cultures could be more efficient than mono-microalgae cultures in the remediation of DWW and for biodiesel feedstock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chandra
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Snigdhendubala Pradhan
- Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghosh
- Bioenergy Research Laboratory, Polymer and Process Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (Saharanpur Campus), Saharanpur, 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Silveira CF, Assis LRD, Oliveira APDS, Calijuri ML. Valorization of swine wastewater in a circular economy approach: Effects of hydraulic retention time on microalgae cultivation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147861. [PMID: 34049147 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To optimize the swine wastewater (SWW) treatment, this study investigated different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) for microalgae cultivation. For this purpose, five pilot-scale reactors operated in semi-continuous flow, with HRTs equal to 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days were evaluated in terms of SWW polishing and biomass production. The effluent treatment was discussed accompanied by principal component analysis, which allowed identification of causes of variance in the data set, ideal for studies with real effluent and influenced by environmental conditions. All reactors show satisfactory removals of N-NH4+ (91.6-95.3%), COD (15.8-39.9%), DO increment (in average 7.5 mg O2/L) and, only the longest HRT (21 days) was able to remove Ps (21%). The results obtained indicated that a consortium of microalgae and bacteria was developed for all the tested HRTs. On the other hand, HRT = 12 days provided a healthier culture of photosynthesizing organisms (chl-a/VSS = 3.04%). Carbohydrates (20.8-31.3%) and proteins (2.7-16.2%) were the compounds of commercial interest in the highest proportion in the biomass of all reactors, with contents comparable to that of terrestrial crops. Thus, it was suggested a valorization route of these compounds of high added value to return to pig farming, where the nutrients were intended to supplement the swine feed and clarified water for cleaning the pig stalls. Thus, in the circular economy context, this research contributes to water footprint reduction and the sustainability of the pig farming production chain. The economic and environmental analysis of the route is suggested to enable its implementation on a large scale, as well as further technical feasibility research (reactor types, exposure to external environment, evaluation of pathogen removal and animal feed supplementation from SWW microalgae biomass).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Uysal Ö, Eki Nci K. Treatment of Rose Oil Processing Effluent with Chlorella sp. Using Photobioreactor and Raceway. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113089. [PMID: 34157545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The integration of treatment of wastewater from agro-based industries with microalgae cultivation can reduce costs associated with cultivation while treating wastewater to meet the discharge limits for chemical quality of irrigation in agriculture and to obtain biofertilizers. Rose Oil Processing Effluent (ROPE) can be utilized as a growth medium for Chlorella sp. and thus can be used for biofertilizer production. The present study is aimed at determining the feasibility of the cultivation of Chlorella sp. in ROPE using a tubular photobioreactor with a capacity of 50 L and a raceway to treat ROPE while consuming less energy. The optimum mixing ratio ([ROPE/(ROPE + Bold Basal Medium (BBM)] × 100) was determined as 50% using 2-L Erlenmeyer flasks based on the COD removal efficiency. Better removal efficiencies with regard to COD, BOD5, NH4+-N, and NO3--N were obtained from the raceway compared to the tubular photobioreactor. The effluents from both systems met the chemical quality of irrigation water. The results of the biomasses harvested from both systems in macro and microelements revealed that they have a potential as a biofertilizer in agriculture. The energetic analysis of the ROPE treatment using the tubular photobioreactor and raceway showed that the raceway system had a better net energy ratio while consuming less energy and producing more energy during cultivation. Overall, the raceway appeared to be a better option to treat ROPE with production of biofertilizer and irrigation water quality while consuming less energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Uysal
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kamil Eki Nci
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Machinery and Technologies Engineering, 32260, Isparta, Turkey.
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Singh V, Mishra V. Exploring the effects of different combinations of predictor variables for the treatment of wastewater by microalgae and biomass production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meena M, Yadav G, Sonigra P, Shah MP. A comprehensive review on application of bioreactor for industrial wastewater treatment. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:131-158. [PMID: 34469596 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the recent past, wastewater treatment processes performed a pivotal role in accordance with maintaining the sustainable environment and health of mankind at a proper hygiene level. It has been proved indispensable by government regulations throughout the world on account of the importance of preserving freshwater bodies. Human activities, predominantly from industrial sectors, generate an immeasurable amount of industrial wastewater loaded with toxic chemicals, which not only cause dreadful environmental problems, but also leave harmful impacts on public health. Hence, industrial wastewater effluent must be treated before being released into the environment to restrain the problems related to industrial wastewater discharged to the environment. Nowadays, biological wastewater treatment methods have been considered an excellent approach for industrial wastewater treatment process because of their cost-effectiveness in the treatment, high efficiency and their potential to counteract the drawbacks of conventional wastewater treatment methods. Recently, the treatment of industrial effluent through bioreactor has been proved as one of the best methods from the presently available methods. Reactors are the principal part of any biotechnology-based method for microbial or enzymatic biodegradation, biotransformation and bioremediation. This review aims to explore and compile the assessment of the most appropriate reactors such as packed bed reactor, membrane bioreactor, rotating biological contactor, up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor, photobioreactor, biological fluidized bed reactor and continuous stirred tank bioreactor that are extensively used for distinct industrial wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - G Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - P Sonigra
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - M P Shah
- Environmental Technology Lab, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
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Deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquid assisted hydrolysis of microalgal biomass: A promising approach towards sustainable biofuel production. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Insights into the technology utilized to cultivate microalgae in dairy effluents. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Leong YK, Chew KW, Chen WH, Chang JS, Show PL. Reuniting the Biogeochemistry of Algae for a Low-Carbon Circular Bioeconomy. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:729-740. [PMID: 33461869 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Given their advantages of high photosynthetic efficiency and non-competition with land-based crops, algae, that are carbon-hungry and sunlight-driven microbial factories, are a promising solution to resolve energy crisis, food security, and pollution problems. The ability to recycle nutrient and CO2 fixation from waste sources makes algae a valuable feedstock for biofuels, food and feeds, biochemicals, and biomaterials. Innovative technologies such as the bicarbonate-based integrated carbon capture and algae production system (BICCAPS), integrated algal bioenergy carbon capture and storage (BECCS), as well as ocean macroalgal afforestation (OMA), can be used to realize a low-carbon algal bioeconomy. We review how algae can be applied in the framework of integrated low-carbon circular bioeconomy models, focusing on sustainable biofuels, low-carbon feedstocks, carbon capture, and advances in algal biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Fal S, Benhima R, El Mernissi N, Kasmi Y, Smouni A, El Arroussi H. Microalgae as promising source for integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:34-46. [PMID: 34000939 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1920572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae have been studied for their potential of wastewater treatment as well as a promising source for biodiesel production. This study investigates the potential of microalgae to remove nutrients from domestic wastewater (DWW) while producing lipids-rich biomass for biodiesel production. Eight microalgae were cultivated in (DWW) to evaluate their nutrients removal capacity and biomass production. Total phosphorus (TP) of DWW reduced from 2 mg L-1 to 0.02 mg L-1 with the treatment efficiency of 99.15% and the highest performance was noted in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). For total nitrogen (TN), treatment efficiency climbed to 99.07%. It is reduced from 18.35 to 0.17 mg L-1 recorded in C. reinhardtii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa). On the other hand, all microalgae showed a high lipids-rich biomass in wastewater compared to BG11. The highest lipid content was 36.93% noted in Chlorella sorokiniana (C. sorokiniana). Fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) profiles showed a high content of palmitic C16:0, oleic C18:1 and stearic acids C18:0 in studied microalgae strains. In summary, microalgae envisage its potential application in integrated wastewater treatment and biodiesel production. In perspective, the authors focus on the validation of this bioprocess in pilot scale. Furthermore, the use of microalgae for other applications such CO2 biosequestration and added value products. Novelty statement: The present study investigates the potential of Moroccan microalgae as candidates to wastewater remediation and high biomass production with high lipid rate for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Fal
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouane Benhima
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Najib El Mernissi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassin Kasmi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Team, Center of Plant and Microbial Biotechnology, Biodiversity and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Laboratory, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat Design Center Rue Mohamed Al Jazouli - Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat, Morocco
- Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohamed 6 Polytechnic (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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Walsh É, Kuehnhold H, O'Brien S, Coughlan NE, Jansen MAK. Light intensity alters the phytoremediation potential of Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16394-16407. [PMID: 33387327 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lemnaceae, i.e. duckweed species, are attractive for phytoremediation of wastewaters, primarily due to their rapid growth, high nutrient uptake rates, tolerance to a broad range of growing conditions and ability to expeditiously assimilate a variety of pollutants. Light is essential for plant growth, and therefore, phytoremediation. Nevertheless, the effect of light intensity remains poorly understood in relation to phytoremediation, a knowledge gap that impedes the development of indoor, fully controlled, stacked remediation systems. In the present study, the effect of light intensity (10-850 μmol m-2 s-1) on the phytoremediation potential of Lemna minor was assessed. Plants were grown on either an optimal growth medium (half-strength Hutner's) or synthetic dairy processing wastewater, using stationary axenic (100 mL) or re-circulating non-sterile (11.7 L) systems. The relative growth rate (RGR) of L. minor grown on half-strength Hutner's increased proportionally with increasing light intensity. In contrast, the RGR of L. minor grown on synthetic dairy wastewater did not increase with light over an intensity range from 50 to 850 μmol m-2 s-1. On synthetic dairy wastewater, total nitrogen and total phosphorous removal also remained unchanged between 50 and 850 μmol m-2 s-1, although L. minor protein content (% fresh weight) increased from 1.5 to 2% at higher light intensities. Similar results were obtained with the larger re-circulating system. The results demonstrate interactive effects of light intensity and wastewater composition on growth and phytoremediation potential of L. minor. The data imply that light intensities above 50 μmol m-2 s-1 may not necessarily confer benefits in duckweed wastewater remediation, and this informs engineering of stacked, indoor remediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éamonn Walsh
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Holger Kuehnhold
- Department of Ecology, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany
| | - Seán O'Brien
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Neil E Coughlan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
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Cremonez PA, Teleken JG, Weiser Meier TR, Alves HJ. Two-Stage anaerobic digestion in agroindustrial waste treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111854. [PMID: 33360925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic digestion is a process widely recognized as an interesting alternative for the treatment and stabilization of residual organic substrates. However, several technical limitations were observed based on the characteristics of the organic matter submitted to the process, such as the presence of high concentrations of soluble sugars or fats. The technology of anaerobic digestion in multiple stages is described as a viable option in the control of variables, optimizing the environmental conditions of the main microorganisms involved in the process, assuring high solid removal and methane production, besides allowing a higher energy yield through the generation of molecular fuel hydrogen. Several studies reviewed the process of anaerobic digestion in multiple stages in the treatment of food waste, although few report its use applied directly to agroindustrial residues. Thus, the present work aims to review the literature evaluating the scenario and viability of the multi-stage anaerobic digestion process applied to agroindustrial effluents. Effluents such as manipueira, vinasse, and dairy wastewater are substrates that present high yields when treated by AD processes with stage separation. The high concentration of easily fermentable sugars results in a high production of molecular hydrogen (co-product of the production of volatile acids in the acid phase) and methane (methanogenic phase). The great challenges related to the development of the sector are focused on the stability of the composition and yield of hydrogen in the acid phase, besides the problems resulting from the treatment of complex residues. Thus, the present study suggests that future works should focus on the technologies of new microorganisms and optimization of process parameters, providing maturation and scale-up of the two-stage anaerobic digestion technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo André Cremonez
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR-Campus Palotina), 2153 Pioneiro St., Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, 85.950-000, Brazil.
| | - Joel Gustavo Teleken
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR-Campus Palotina), 2153 Pioneiro St., Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, 85.950-000, Brazil
| | - Thompson Ricardo Weiser Meier
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR-Campus Palotina), 2153 Pioneiro St., Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, 85.950-000, Brazil
| | - Helton José Alves
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR-Campus Palotina), 2153 Pioneiro St., Bairro Jardim Dallas, Palotina, PR, 85.950-000, Brazil
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Muniz GL, Silva TCFD, Borges AC. Assessment and optimization of the use of a novel natural coagulant (Guazuma ulmifolia) for dairy wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140864. [PMID: 32707414 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A feasible, novel, and natural coagulant extracted from G. ulmifolia stem bark was characterized and used in experiments of coagulation/dissolved air flotation (C/DAF) to treat synthetic dairy wastewater (SDW). The performance of G. ulmifolia to remove turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and UV254 was evaluated by using response surface methodology (Doehlert matrix). G. ulmifolia dosage and pH were evaluated and optimized in the C/DAF process and its characterization was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and also zeta potential. Results showed that G. ulmifolia stem bark is composed of large quantities of condensed tannins represented by the groups C=C-C and CO of pyran (flavonoid C-rings), which serve as bridges during coagulation. Moreover, the presence of porous cavities in surface of G. ulmifolia, shown by SEM, indicated capacity for adsorption. G. ulmifolia dosage and pH were significant (p ≤ 0.05) for pollutant removal from the SDW. Jar test results revealed that 95.8% of turbidity, 76.0% of COD, 81.2% of BOD, and 85.6% of UV254 were removed from SDW by using G. ulmifolia stem bark at a dose of 775.8 mg L-1 and pH 5.00. Finally, our results showed promising use of G. ulmifolia as a coagulating agent due to its novelty, efficiency, low-cost, and eco-friendly properties as an alternative for the treatment of dairy wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lopes Muniz
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Campinas State University, Ave. Cândido Rondon, 501, Cidade Universitária, Campinas 13.083-875, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Ave. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Viçosa 36.570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Alisson Carraro Borges
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Ave. P. H. Rolfs s/n, Viçosa 36.570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Sharma J, Kumar SS, Kumar V, Malyan SK, Mathimani T, Bishnoi NR, Pugazhendhi A. Upgrading of microalgal consortia with CO 2 from fermentation of wheat straw for the phycoremediation of domestic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 305:123063. [PMID: 32135352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algae have been considered as a best feedstock for combating CO2. In the present study, two mixed microalgal cultures i.e. MAC1 and MAC2 were evaluated in batch mode with an extraneous supply of CO2 from the fermentation of wheat straw. Both the mixed cultures displayed promising CO2 sequestration potentials of 287 and 263 mg L-1d-1, respectively. The removal efficiencies in terms of ammonium, phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, and nitrate were found to be 87%, 78%, 68% and 65%, respectively. Enriching the tolerance of the microalgal consortia to CO2 supply and wastewater as the nutrient source significantly enhanced the lipid production for both the microalgae consortia. Lipid contents of MAC1 and MAC2 were observed to be 12.29 & 11.37%, respectively while the biomass yield from both the consortia was 0.36 g L-1. Total chlorophyll and protein contents of MAC1 and MAC2 were 14.27 & 12.28 µgmL-1 and 0.13 & 0.15 mgmL-1, respectively. Both the consortia found to have significant potential for CO2 sequestration, wastewater remediation and biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana - 124001, India
| | - Smita S Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana - 124001, India; Department of Environmental Sciences, J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, Mathura Rd, Sector 6, Faridabad, Haryana - 121006, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Centre for Rural Development & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas - 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep K Malyan
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Rishon LeZion - 7505101, Israel
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli - 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narsi R Bishnoi
- Department of Environmental Science & Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana - 124001, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
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Long-term performance and acute toxicity assessment of scaled-up air–cathode microbial fuel cell fed by dairy wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:1561-1571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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