1
|
Gulshan S, Shafaghat H, Wang S, Dai L, Tang C, Fu W, Wen Y, Wang CH, Evangelopoulos P, Yang W. Kinetic investigation on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A mathematical deconvolution approach. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 187:156-166. [PMID: 39043078 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a critical environmental problem. Catalytic pyrolysis is an ideal technique to treat and convert the plastic fraction of WEEE into chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, research using real WEEE remains relatively limited. Furthermore, the complexity of WEEE complicates the analysis of its pyrolytic kinetics. This study applied the Fraser-Suzuki mathematical deconvolution method to obtain the pseudo reactions of the thermal degradation of two types of WEEE, using four different catalysts (Al2O3, HBeta, HZSM-5, and TiO2) or without a catalyst. The main contributor(s) to each pseudo reaction were identified by comparing them with the pyrolysis results of the pure plastics in WEEE. The nth order model was then applied to estimate the kinetic parameters of the obtained pseudo reactions. In the low-grade electronics pyrolysis, the pseudo-1 reaction using TiO2 as a catalyst achieved the lowest activation energy of 92.10 kJ/mol, while the pseudo-2 reaction using HZSM-5 resulted in the lowest activation energy of 101.35 kJ/mol among the four catalytic cases. For medium-grade electronics, pseudo-3 and pseudo-4 were the main reactions for thermal degradation, with HZSM-5 and TiO2 yielding the lowest pyrolytic activation energies of 75.24 and 226.39 kJ/mol, respectively. This effort will play a crucial role in comprehending the pyrolysis kinetic mechanism of WEEE and propelling this technology toward a brighter future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samina Gulshan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden
| | - Hoda Shafaghat
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Biorefinery and Energy, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Piteå 941 28, Sweden
| | - Shule Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing, China; International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States of America
| | - Chuchu Tang
- Program of Visual Arts, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Wenming Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuming Wen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Panagiotis Evangelopoulos
- Division of Bioeconomy and Health, Department of Biorefinery and Energy, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB, Piteå 941 28, Sweden
| | - Weihong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, Stockholm 11428, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Z, Wu J, Yang T, Wang Z, Zhang T, Gao F, Yang L, Li G. Synergistic Effects and Kinetic Analysis in Co-Pyrolysis of Peanut Shells and Polypropylene. Foods 2024; 13:1191. [PMID: 38672863 PMCID: PMC11049628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has boosted growth in the takeaway and medical industries but has also generated a large amount of plastic waste. Peanut shells (PS) are produced in large quantities and are challenging to recycle in China. Co-pyrolysis of peanut shells (PS) and polypropylene (PP) is an effective method for processing plastic waste and energy mitigation. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on PS, PP, and their blends (PS-PP) at different heating rates (10, 20, 30 °C·min-1). The results illustrated that the co-pyrolysis process of PS-PP was divided into two distinct decomposition stages. The first stage (170-400 °C) was predominantly linked to PS decomposition. The second stage (400-520 °C) resulted from the combinations of PS and PP's thermal degradations, with the most contribution from PP degradation. With the increase in heating rate, thermogravimetric hysteresis appeared. Kinetic analysis indicated that the co-pyrolysis process reduced the individual pyrolysis activation energy, especially in the second stage, with a correlation coefficient (R2) generally maintained above 0.95. The multi-level reaction mechanism function model can effectively reveal the co-pyrolysis process mechanism. PS proved to be high-quality biomass for co-pyrolysis with PP, and all mixtures exhibited synergistic effects at a mixing ratio of 1:1 (PS1-PP1). This study accomplished effective waste utilization and optimized energy consumption. It holds significance in determining the interaction mechanism of mixed samples in the co-pyrolysis process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Huang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Fei Gao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Li Yang
- School of International Studies, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Gang Li
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dai C, Hu E, Yang Y, Li M, Li C, Zeng Y. Fast co-pyrolysis behaviors and synergistic effects of corn stover and polyethylene via rapid infrared heating. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:147-156. [PMID: 37442035 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid infrared heating with fast heating rates and the capacity to load materials on the gram scale help investigate the co-pyrolysis behaviors, minimizing the gap of materials' pyrolysis temperature and volatile release during the co-pyrolysis. This work explored the effects of temperature and heating rate on the co-pyrolysis product s behaviors and synergistic interactions of corn stove and polyethylene. Initial increases in oil yield were followed by decreases when the heating rate rose, and when the temperature increased from 500 °C to 600 °C, the oil yield rose from 17.91 wt% to 20.58 wt% before falling to 14.75 wt% at 800 °C. High heating rate promoted the oil generation, and the maximum oil yield was at 25 °C/s with varying heating rates from 15 °C/s to 35 °C/s. The pyrolysis gas produced at 25 °C/s exhibited the highest LHV (Low heating value) and lowest CO2 yield, which were 17.23 MJ/nm3 and 39.29 vol%, respectively. The suitability of heating rate and temperature may improve the interaction between H-radicals of PE and oxygenated groups of CS to generate stable macromolecular compound and enhance oil production. GC-MS studies of the oil products demonstrated that oxygenated compounds such as furans, phenols and acids from lignocellulosic depolymerization had been converted to high molecular weight long chain alcohols (mostly C26, C20 and C14 alcohols) via stronger interactions during fast infrared-heated co-pyrolysis. The alcohols increased from 32.29 % to 65.06 % as temperatures rose from 500 °C to 800 °C. Few furan heterocycles, acids and phenols were detected, suggesting that the oil presented higher quality and stronger synergistic effects. Rapid infrared heating accelerated the synergistic effects between volatile-volatile interactions during co-pyrolysis of corn stover and polyethylene, and the increases in temperature and heating rates further enhanced the release of many volatile substances and the formation of fine pores. Raman results showed char of 600 °C deposited more pure aromatic structures, the influence of temperature on aromatization was stronger than that of heating rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Erfeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Bioenergy Research Group, EBRI, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Moshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chenhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongfu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wan Z, Li Z, Yi W, Zhang A, Li G, Wang S. Lignin and spent bleaching clay into mono-aromatic hydrocarbons by a cascade dual catalytic pyrolysis system: Critical role of spent bleaching clay. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123879. [PMID: 36870660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a cascade dual catalytic system was used for the co-pyrolysis of lignin with spent bleaching clay (SBC) to efficiently produce mono-aromatic hydrocarbon (MAHs). The cascade dual catalytic system is composed of calcined SBC (CSBC) and HZSM-5. In this system, SBC not only acts as a hydrogen donor and catalyst in the co-pyrolysis process, but is also used as a primary catalyst in the cascade dual catalytic system after recycling the pyrolysis residues. The effects of different influencing factors (i.e., temperature, CSBC-to-HZSM-5 ratio, and raw materials-to-catalyst ratio) on the system were explored. It was observed that, when the temperature was 550 °C, the CSBC-to-HZSM-5 ratio was 1:1, and when the raw materials-to-catalyst ratio was 1:2, the highest bio-oil yield was 21.35 wt%. The relative MAHs content in bio-oil was 73.34 %, whereas the relative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content was 23.01 %. Meanwhile, the introduction of CSBC inhibited the generation of graphite-like coke as indicated by HZSM-5. This study realizes the full resource utilization of spent bleaching clay and reveals the environmental hazards caused by spent bleaching clay and lignin waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wan
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhihe Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Weiming Yi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Andong Zhang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Guo Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Catalytic Pyrolysis of PET Polymer Using Nonisothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis Data: Kinetics and Artificial Neural Networks Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010070. [PMID: 36616420 PMCID: PMC9824759 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the catalytic pyrolysis of a constant-composition mixture of zeolite β and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at different heating rates (2, 5, 10, and 20 K/min). The thermograms showed only one main reaction and shifted to higher temperatures with increasing heating rate. In addition, at constant heating rate, they moved to lower temperatures of pure PET pyrolysis when a catalyst was added. Four isoconversional models, namely, Kissinger−Akahira−Sunose (KAS), Friedman, Flynn−Wall−Qzawa (FWO), and Starink, were applied to obtain the activation energy (Ea). Values of Ea acquired by these models were very close to each other with average value of Ea = 154.0 kJ/mol, which was much lower than that for pure PET pyrolysis. The Coats−Redfern and Criado methods were employed to set the most convenient solid-state reaction mechanism. These methods revealed that the experimental data matched those obtained by different mechanisms depending on the heating rate. Values of Ea obtained by these two models were within the average values of 157 kJ/mol. An artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to predict the remaining weight fraction using two input variables (temperature and heating rate). The results proved that ANN could predict the experimental value very efficiently (R2 > 0.999) even with new data.
Collapse
|
6
|
Biomass Valorization to Chemicals over Cobalt Nanoparticles on SBA-15. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.3.15160.533-541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heterogeneous catalysts based on cobalt supported on SBA-15 were prepared through wet impregnation and co-impregnation assisted by ethylene glycol (EG) methods. The cobalt oxide catalysts generated after the drying and calcination process were denoted as CoO/SBA-15w and CoO/SBA-15c for a wet- and co-impregnation method, respectively. Subsequent to the reduction process, the reduced cobalt catalysts were obtained and denoted as Co/SBA-15w and Co/SBA-15c. The TEM images revealed the catalysts prepared through these methods show very clear distinctions that the catalyst prepared by wet impregnation shows large aggregates of cobalt particles on the external surface of SBA-15 due to their inability to enter the channels. The catalysts were evaluated on the hydrocracking of pyrolyzed -cellulose as a biomass model. The results showed that the reduced cobalt-based catalysts are having higher conversion value and selectivity towards the 2-furancarboxaldehyde reached ca. 20%. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Collapse
|
7
|
Singh S, Tagade A, Verma A, Sharma A, Tekade SP, Sawarkar AN. Insights into kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of co-pyrolysis of wheat straw and plastic waste via thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 356:127332. [PMID: 35589042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the co-pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS) and polyethylene (PE) via thermogravimetric experiments from room temperature to 1000 °C at various heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C/min). Thermal behavior revealed that the maximum decomposition of WS, PE, and their blend occurred in three temperature ranges, viz. 250 - 496, 200 - 486, and 200 - 501 °C. Kinetic parameters were determined using model-free isoconversional methods. Activation energy from KAS (163.56, 220.26 and 196.78 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend), FWO (165.97, 222.05, 198.86 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend), and Starink (163.45, 220.05, 196.46 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend) method was estimated. From among various solid-state kinetic models, first-order reaction kinetics and one and two-dimensional diffusion models dominated co-pyrolysis of WS and PE. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the feasibility of co-pyrolysis of WS and PE while differential thermal analysis signified that endothermic and exothermic reactions occur simultaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankita Tagade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shyam P Tekade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel 415708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wheat straw/HDPE co-reaction synergy and enriched production of aromatics and light olefins via catalytic co-pyrolysis over Mn, Ni, and Zn metal modified HZSM-5. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
Enhanced Bio-Oil Yield from Thermal Decomposition of Peanut Shells Using Termite Hill as the Catalyst. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the thermal degradation of peanut shells in the presence and absence of a termite hill as the catalyst. EDX, XRF, SEM, SAA and XRD were employed for the characterization of the termite hill. The bio-oil obtained from peanut shell pyrolysis was analyzed by GC-MS. To ascertain the kinetic parameters of the reaction, thermogravimetric analysis of peanut shells was carried out with and without a termite hill at heating rates of 3, 12, 20 and 30 °C·min−1. TG/DTG of peanut shells revealed four steps of weight loss from 30 to 800 °C. The weight loss was attributed to the evaporation of water and degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The Kissinger method was applied for the evaluation of kinetic parameters. The activation energy (E) for the non-catalyzed degradation reactions of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin was evaluated as 108.082, 116.396 and 182.908 kJ/mol, with a pre-exponential factor (A) of 1.9 × 108, 2.42 × 109 and 2.98 × 1011 min−1, respectively. Similarly, for the catalyzed reaction, the values of E and A were calculated as 66.512, 74.826 and 133.024 kJ/mol and 5.83 × 106, 2.859 × 107 and 1.46 × 109 min−1, respectively. The termite hill not only reduced the degradation temperature and activation energy but also modified the composition of the bio-oil. In the case of the non-catalyzed reaction, the bio-oil was found to consist of C5-C24, while catalytic pyrolysis produced more components ranging from C4 to C31 hydrocarbons.
Collapse
|
10
|
Rasam S, Azizi K, Moraveji MK, Akbari A, Soria-Verdugo A. Insights into the co–pyrolysis of olive stone, waste polyvinyl chloride and Spirulina microalgae blends through thermogravimetric analysis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
11
|
Su G, Ong HC, Gan YY, Chen WH, Chong CT, Ok YS. Co-pyrolysis of microalgae and other biomass wastes for the production of high-quality bio-oil: Progress and prospective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126096. [PMID: 34626763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are the most prospective raw materials for the production of biofuels, pyrolysis is an effective method to convert biomass into bioenergy. However, biofuels derived from the pyrolysis of microalgae exhibit poor fuel properties due to high content of moisture and protein. Co-pyrolysis is a simple and efficient method to produce high-quality bio-oil from two or more materials. Tires, plastics, and bamboo waste are the optimal co-feedstocks based on the improvement of yield and quality of bio-oil. Moreover, adding catalysts, especially CaO and Cu/HZSM-5, can enhance the quality of bio-oil by increasing aromatics content and decreasing oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds. Consequently, this paper provides a critical review of the production of bio-oil from co-pyrolysis of microalgae with other biomass wastes. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism of synergistic effects and the catalytic effect on co-pyrolysis are discussed. Finally, the economic viability and prospects of microalgae co-pyrolysis are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- Centre for Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, 123 University Road, Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yong Yang Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Tung Chong
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ding Z, Liu J, Chen H, Huang S, Evrendilek F, He Y, Zheng L. Co-pyrolysis performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products of textile dyeing sludge and medical plastic wastes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149397. [PMID: 34371397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and the two medical plastic wastes of syringes (SY) and medical bottles (MB) in terms of their performances, synergistic mechanisms, and products. The pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics with its high calorific value and low ash content can offset the poor mono-pyrolytic performance of TDS. The synergistic mechanisms occurred mainly in the range of 400-550 °C. The addition of 10% SY or MB achieved the best co-pyrolysis performance with the lowest activation energy. The co-pyrolysis increased the contents of CH4 and CH but reduced CO2 emission. The co-pyrolysis released more fatty hydrocarbons, alcohols, and cyclic hydrocarbon during but reduced the yields of ethers and furans, through the synergistic mechanisms. The addition of the polyolefin plastics made the micro surface particles of chars smaller and looser. Our results can benefit energy utilization, pollution control, and optimal operational conditions for the industrial thermochemical conversions of hazardous wastes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Huashan Chen
- Guoke (Foshan) Testing and Certification Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000, China
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dada TK, Islam MA, Vuppaladadiyam AK, Antunes E. Thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of ironbark sawdust and plastic waste over strontium loaded hierarchical Y-zeolite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 299:113610. [PMID: 34474254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to synthesize hierarchical strontium loaded Y-zeolite and study its application for ironbark (IB) and plastic waste (PW) co-pyrolysis. Commercial parent Y-zeolite (Si/Al = 2.48) was modified via sequential dealumination-desilication using citric acid and NaOH. Further, strontium (8 wt %) was loaded into the modified Y-zeolite via wet and dry impregnation methods. The prepared catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isothermal, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). After dealumination (treatment using 0.1 M of citric acid), the external surface area and Si/Al ratio increased from 53.5 to 147.4 m2/g and 2.48 to 5.36, respectively. However, the sequential desilication treatment reduced Si/Al ratio from 5.36 to 2.57. In addition, Y-zeolite enhanced the total aromatic percentage and reduced the acidic group in co-pyrolysis oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Kassa Dada
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Md Anwarul Islam
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Arun K Vuppaladadiyam
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Elsa Antunes
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li C, Huang Q, Zhang H, Wang Q, Xue R, Guo G, Hu J, Li T, Wang J, Hu S. Characterization of Biochars Produced by Co-Pyrolysis of Hami Melon (Cantaloupes) Straw Mixed with Polypropylene and Their Adsorption Properties of Cadmium. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11413. [PMID: 34769930 PMCID: PMC8583670 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Reuse of waste from Hami melon (cantaloupes) straws (HS) mingled with polypropylene (PP) ropes is necessary and beneficial to mitigate environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of Cd2+ adsorption on biochars produced by co-pyrolysis of HS-PP with various mixing ratios. N2-sorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravity, and differential thermal gravity (TG/DTG) were applied to evaluate the physicochemical properties of materials. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for investigating the effects of initial pH, Cd2+ concentration, and adsorption time. It was found that the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models fitted best for the experimental data, indicating the dominant adsorption of co-pyrolysis biochars is via monolayer adsorption. Biochar derived at 4/1 mixing ratio of HS/PP by weight percentage had the highest adsorption capacity of 108.91 mg·g-1. Based on adsorption isotherm and kinetic analysis in combined with EDS, FTIR, and XRD analysis, it was concluded that the main adsorption mechanism of co-pyrolysis biochar involved the surface adsorption, cation exchange, complexation of Cd2+ with surface functional groups, and chemical precipitation. This study also demonstrates that agricultural wastes to biochar is a sustainable way to circular economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changheng Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Huang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haixiang Zhang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Qingqing Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Rixin Xue
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Genmao Guo
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tinghang Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shan Hu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (C.L.); (Q.W.); (R.X.); (G.G.); (J.H.); (T.L.); (J.W.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Joo J, Kwon EE, Lee J. Achievements in pyrolysis process in E-waste management sector. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117621. [PMID: 34171724 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of modern life of our civilization are associated with using electrical and electronic devices (EEE). Ever-increasing demand for high-performance EEE and accelerated technological development make the replacement of EEE become frequent. This leads to the generation of a tremendous amount of electronic waste (E-waste). Challenges of the management of E-waste have recently arisen out of a dearth of proper technologies to treat E-waste. Pyrolysis process can thermochemically treat waste materials that have a complicated nature and inhomogeneity. This article gives a systematic review as an effort to tackle the challenges in the context of achievements in pyrolysis process in E-waste management sector. Pyrolysis mechanism and types of pyrolysis processes and pyrolysis reactors are first discussed. Various pyrolysis technologies applied to the E-waste treatment are then summarized and compared to each other. Points to be considered for further research and pending challenges of E-waste pyrolysis are also discussed. The pyrolysis treatment of E-waste is not yet fully industrialized mostly because of high costs. However, there should be much room for further developing the E-waste pyrolysis; hence, its industrialization and commercialization is just a matter of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghee Joo
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Seou, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jechan Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Singh S, Patil T, Tekade SP, Gawande MB, Sawarkar AN. Studies on individual pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of corn cob and polyethylene: Thermal degradation behavior, possible synergism, kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147004. [PMID: 34088159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge on thermo-kinetics, synergistic effect, and reaction mechanism of pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis of biomass with plastics is crucial for designing efficient reactor system and subsequently the pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis process. The present work explores thermal response, kinetics, reaction mechanism and thermodynamic analysis of pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of individual corn cob (CC) and polyethylene (PE), and their blend in the ratio of 3:1 (w/w). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data was obtained under inert atmosphere at various heating rates of 10, 20, and 30 °C/min and synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of CC and PE is discussed. The obtained TGA data was processed using various model-free isoconversional methods like KAS, FWO, Friedman, Starink, and Vyazovkin for determination of kinetics of pyrolysis/co-pyrolysis process of CC and PE. Average activation energy for CC pyrolysis was estimated to be 240 ± 51.25 kJ/mol, 240 ± 51.51 kJ/mol, 237 ± 49.67 kJ/mol, and 245 ± 52.10 kJ/mol according to KAS, Starink, FWO, and Vyazovkin models, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the variation in reported values of activation energy was not significantly different (p = 0.994). Similar statistically insignificant difference was also observed for pyrolysis of PE and co-pyrolysis of CC and PE. Results showed that co-pyrolysis (CC + PE) requires 10% less activation energy than pyrolysis of CC alone. For the co-pyrolysis process, the extent of synergistic effect was discussed by difference in mass loss (ΔW). Investigation also revealed that residue left for co-pyrolysis of CC and PE is 50% less than pyrolysis of CC alone showing synergistic effect during co-pyrolysis. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to illustrate complex mechanism of the process. Third order reaction, 3D diffusion Jander, and Ginstling-Brounshtein (D4) models were found to be best fitted for CC pyrolysis, PE pyrolysis, and co-pyrolysis, respectively. Results obtained are expected to be useful in the design of corn cob and waste polyethylene co-pyrolysis systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Trilok Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyam P Tekade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Lavel 415708, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manoj B Gawande
- Department of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish N Sawarkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Xu S, Li Q, Zhou G, Xia H. Recent advances in the conversion of furfural into bio-chemicals through chemo- and bio-catalysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27042-27058. [PMID: 35479988 PMCID: PMC9037638 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04633k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Furfural is a promising renewable platform molecule derived from hemi-cellulose, which can be further converted to fossil fuel alternatives and valuable chemicals due to its highly functionalized molecular structure. This mini-review summarizes the recent progress in the chemo-catalytic and/or bio-catalytic conversion of furfural into high-value-added chemicals, including furfurylamine, C6 carboxylic acid, i.e., furandicarboxylic acid, furfural alcohol, aromatics, levulinic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, furoic acid, and cyclopentanone, particularly the advances in the catalytic valorization of furfural into useful chemicals in the last few years. The possible reaction mechanisms for the conversion of furfural into bio-chemicals are summarized and discussed. The future prospective and challenges in the utilization of furfural through chemo- and bio-catalysis are also put forward for the further design and optimization of catalytic processes for the conversion of furfural.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China +86-25-85428873 +86-25-85427635.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Siquan Xu
- School of Forestry, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China
| | - Qinfang Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Guilin Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing 400067 China +86-25-85428873 +86-25-85427635
| | - Haian Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen WH, Cheng CL, Lee KT, Lam SS, Ong HC, Ok YS, Saeidi S, Sharma AK, Hsieh TH. Catalytic level identification of ZSM-5 on biomass pyrolysis and aromatic hydrocarbon formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129510. [PMID: 33434827 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zeolite socony mobil-5 (ZSM-5) is a common catalyst used for biomass pyrolysis. Nevertheless, the quantitative information on the catalytic behavior of ZSM-5 on biomass pyrolysis is absent so far. This study focuses on the catalytic pyrolysis phenomena and mechanisms of biomass wastes using ZSM-5 via thermogravimetric analyzer and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, with particular emphasis on catalytic level identification and aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) formation. Two biomass wastes of sawdust and sorghum distillery residue (SDR) are investigated, while four biomass-to-catalyst ratios are considered. The analysis suggests that biomass waste pyrolysis processes can be divided into three zones, proceeding from a heat-transfer dominant zone (zone 1) to catalysis dominant zones (zones 2 and 3). The indicators of the intensity of difference (IOD), catalytic effective area, catalytic index (CI), and aromatic enhancement index are conducted to measure the catalytic effect of ZSM-5 on biomass waste pyrolysis and AHs formation. The maximum IOD occurs in zone 2, showing the highest intensity of the catalytic effect. The CI values of the two biomass wastes increase with increasing the biomass-to-catalyst ratio. However, there exists a threshold for sawdust pyrolysis, indicating a limit for the catalytic effect on sawdust. The higher the catalyst addition, the higher the AHs proportion in the vapor stream. When the biomass-to-catalyst ratio is 1/10, AHs formation is intensified significantly, especially for sawdust. Overall, the indexes conducted in the present study can provide useful measures to identify the catalytic pyrolysis dynamics and levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, 411, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Ching-Lin Cheng
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Ting Lee
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries Research (Akuatrop) & Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and Sustainable Development (Bio-D Tropika), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hwai Chyuan Ong
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Samrand Saeidi
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Alternate and Renewable Energy Research, R&D, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), School of Engineering, Energy Acres, Building, Bidholi, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tzu-Hsien Hsieh
- Green Technology Research Institute, CPC Corporation, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gin A, Hassan H, Ahmad M, Hameed B, Mohd Din A. Recent progress on catalytic co-pyrolysis of plastic waste and lignocellulosic biomass to liquid fuel: The influence of technical and reaction kinetic parameters. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Abstract
Gasification is a promising technology for the conversion of mixed solid waste like refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and municipal solid waste (MSW) into a valuable gas consisting of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2. This work aims to identify the basic challenges of a single-stage batch gasification system related to tar and wax content in the producer gas. RDF was first gasified in a simple semi-batch laboratory-scale gasification reactor. A significant yield of tars and waxes was received in the produced gas. Waxes were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. These analyses indicated the presence of polyethylene and polypropylene chains. The maximum content of H2 and CO was measured 500 sec after the start of the process. In a second series of experiments, a secondary catalytic stage with an Ni-doped clay catalyst was installed. In the two-stage catalytic process, no waxes were captured in isopropanol and the total tar content decreased by approximately 90 %. A single one-stage semi-batch gasification system is not suitable for RDF gasification; a large fraction of tar and waxes can be generated which can cause fouling in downstream processes. A secondary catalytic stage can significantly reduce the tar content in gas.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bu Q, Cao M, Wang M, Zhang X, Mao H. The effect of torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production from co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low density polyethylene via microwave-assisted heating. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142174. [PMID: 32916498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of microwave torrefaction and ZSM-5 catalyst for hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production from microwave co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low density polyethylene (LDPE). FTIR analysis displayed remarkable reductions of active hydroxyl and ether groups in microwave torrefied cellulose (MTC), demonstrating that cellulose was less stable than MTC. GC/MS analysis indicated that the hydrocarbons content was ranged from 18.36% to 54.94% in the obtained bio-oils under different conditions, and the maximum hydrocarbons content (54.94%) which also contained the highest aromatic hydrocarbons (19.49%) was obtained from MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis. Microwave-assisted Thermogravimetric analyzer (MW-TGA) analysis showed that MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis apparently shifted the major thermal degradation to a lower temperature area, an evident synergistic effect was observed during MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis. Kinetics study revealed that the activation energy was significantly reduced from 97.87 kJ/mol to 63.86 kJ/mol for co-pyrolysis and MTC catalytic co-pyrolysis, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Bu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Mengjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Hanping Mao
- Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li K, Jiang Q, Chen G, Gao L, Peng J, Chen Q, Koppala S, Omran M, Chen J. Kinetics characteristics and microwave reduction behavior of walnut shell-pyrolusite blends. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124172. [PMID: 33011627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combining biomass pyrolysis with microwave heating technologies provides a novel and efficient approach for low-grade pyrolusite reduction. The microwave reduction behavior and pyrolysis kinetic characteristics of walnut shell-pyrolusite blends were explored. Results indicated the optimal reduction parameters were: reduction temperature of 650 °C, holding time of 30 min, Mbio/More of 1.8:10, and microwave power of 1200 W. The co-pyrolysis characteristics of the blends included four stages: dehydration, pre-pyrolysis, intense pyrolysis and reduction, and slow pyrolysis and reduction. Fitting analysis based on Coats-Redfern method revealed that chemical reaction was the control step of the process of reducing pyrolusite by biomass, which the finding matched to the isothermal kinetic analysis results determined through unreacted shrinking nuclear model. The activation energies and pre-exponential factors were determined at 5.62 kJ·mol-1-16.69 kJ·mol-1 and 0.0426 min-1-0.515 min-1. The work provides sound references for promoting the industrial application of the combined method on minerals reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Li
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Guo Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jinhui Peng
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green-Chemistry Materials in University of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China
| | - Sivasankar Koppala
- Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Mamdouh Omran
- Process Metallurgy Research Group, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jin Chen
- Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tian Q, Wu T, Huang C, Fang G, Zhou J, Ding L. VS 2 and its doped composition: Catalytic depolymerization of alkali lignin for increased bio-oil production. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:94-102. [PMID: 32289419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
VS2 spheres and VS2 sheets with doped compositions (Mo, Ag and graphite) were successfully prepared by one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by different techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 adsorption isotherms. Catalysts were applied for the depolymerization of alkali lignin. VS2 spheres exhibited lower yield of degraded lignin and bio-oil than those with VS2 sheets and VS2 flowers heated to 250 °C and held for 1.5 h with 2.0 MPa H2. The catalytic depolymerization performance was markedly affected by the dopant in the VS2 sheets, with the highest degraded lignin yield of 81.22%, achieved over 5 wt% Ag-VS2 at 290 °C under 2.0 MPa H2 for 1.5 h, yielding 61.23% bio-oil. The VS2-based catalysts show excellent selectivity in the interruption of the lignin structure and target production of bio-oil. The bio-oil showed that the relevant contents of a phenolic-type compound changes significantly according to the dopant in the VS2 catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Tian
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guigan Fang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Laibao Ding
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ahmed MHM, Batalha N, Mahmudul HMD, Perkins G, Konarova M. A review on advanced catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and hydrogen-rich feedstock: Insights into synergistic effect, catalyst development and reaction mechanism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123457. [PMID: 32371033 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the growing demand for alternative energy sources are the main drivers of biomass and carbonaceous waste utilization. Particularly, non-edible lignocellulosic biomass is the most attractive renewable feedstock due to its abundance. Pyrolysis of biomass produces highly oxygenated compounds with oxygen content >35 wt%. The cost-effective elimination of oxygen from the pyrolysis oil is the most challenging task impeding the commercialization of biomass to biofuel processes. The effective hydrogen/carbon ratio in biomass pyrolysis oil is low (0.3), requiring external hydrogen supply to produce hydrocarbon-rich oils. Exploiting hydrogen-rich feedstock particularly, solid waste (plastic, tyre and scum) and other low-cost feedstock (lubricant oil, methane, methanol, and ethanol) offer an eco-friendly solution to upgrade the produced bio-oil. Multi-functional catalysts that are capable of cleaving oxygen, promoting hydrogen transfer and depolymerisation must be developed to produce hydrocarbon-rich oil from biomass. This review compares catalytic co-pyrolysis studies based on zeolites, mesoporous silica and metal oxides. Furthermore, a wide range of catalyst modifications and the role of each feedstock were summarised to give a complete picture of the progress made on biomass co-pyrolysis research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H M Ahmed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Nuno Batalha
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Hasan M D Mahmudul
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Greg Perkins
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen R, Zhang S, Cong K, Li Q, Zhang Y. Insight into synergistic effects of biomass-polypropylene co-pyrolysis using representative biomass constituents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123243. [PMID: 32244077 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The co-pyrolysis behavior of plastic (PP) with six biomass components (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, carbohydrate, lipid, protein) was studied by thermogravimetry. The overlap ratio (OR) and the difference in experimental and theoretical weight loss (ΔW) are defined. The results demonstrated that the interaction of lignin and PP was notable with the OR of 0.9661. From ΔW, it was found that the number of solid residues of hemicellulose-PP and lignin-PP decreased by 1.10% and 2.60%, respectively, which was caused by the hydrogenation reaction between the monomers generated by PP and biochar. The DTG peak shift in co-pyrolysis was further studied. By blending with the biomass, the pyrolysis peaks of PP shifted to the high-temperature region and the value was positively correlated with the fixed carbon content in the biomass components. Kinetic analysis revealed that by co-pyrolysis with biomass, the activation energy of the PP decomposition could be reduced by 39.51% -62.71%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Chen
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
| | - Kunlin Cong
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO(2) Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kinetics of the Catalytic Thermal Degradation of Sugarcane Residual Biomass Over Rh-Pt/CeO2-SiO2 for Syngas Production. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermochemical processes for biomass conversion are promising to produce renewable hydrogen-rich syngas. In the present study, model fitting methods were used to propose thermal degradation kinetics during catalytic and non-catalytic pyrolysis (in N2) and combustion (in synthetic air) of sugarcane residual biomass. Catalytic processes were performed over a Rh-Pt/CeO2-SiO2 catalyst and the models were proposed based on the Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, TG coupled to Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectrometry (TG-FTIR) and TG coupled to mass spectrometry (TG-MS). Results showed three different degradation stages and a catalyst effect on product distribution. In pyrolysis, Rh-Pt/CeO2-SiO2 catalyst promoted reforming reactions which increased the presence of H2. Meanwhile, during catalytic combustion, oxidation of the carbon and hydrogen present in biomass favored the release of H2O, CO and CO2. Furthermore, the catalyst decreased the overall activation energies of pyrolysis and combustion from 120.9 and 154.9 kJ mol−1 to 107.0 and 138.0 kJ mol−1, respectively. Considering the positive effect of the Rh-Pt/CeO2-SiO2 catalyst during pyrolysis of sugarcane residual biomass, it could be considered as a potential catalyst to improve the thermal degradation of biomass for syngas production. Moreover, the proposed kinetic parameters are useful to design an appropriate thermochemical unit for H2-rich syngas production as a non-conventional energy technology.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yan X, Hu J, Zhang Q, Zhao S, Dang J, Wang W. Chemical-looping gasification of corn straw with Fe-based oxygen carrier: Thermogravimetric analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122904. [PMID: 32028220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chemical-looping gasification kinetics of corn straw with iron-based oxygen carrier to produce syngas were studied using thermogravimetric analysis. The main reactions of corn straw based on iron-based composite oxygen carrier is divided into three stages: the pyrolysis stage (200-500 °C), the gas-solid reaction stage (500-700 °C), and the solid-solid reaction stage (700-1100 °C). The Coats-Redfern method and the Malek method were used to screen the thirty reactions. The activation energies for the most likely main reactions were estimated to be 81.6 kJ/mol (Mample single-line rule), 117.5 kJ/mol (reaction order function), and 140.9 kJ/mol (Ginstling-Brounshtein equation). The chemical-looping gasification of corn straw with Fe-based oxygen carrier involved multi-step reaction mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China.
| | - Quanguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| | - Shuheng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| | - Jiatao Dang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Özsin G. Assessing thermal behaviours of cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) during co-pyrolysis based on an unified thermoanalytical study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122700. [PMID: 31918293 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis behavior of cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and examine the kinetics of the processes by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) coupled with FT-IR spectrometry. For this purpose, non-isothermal experiments were carried out using different heating rates and three prominent iso-conversional methods were used to obtain kinetic parameters at various extents of conversions from 0.1 to 0.9. Blending PMMA with cellulose had a marked effect on the process. The results of co-pyrolysis using a blending ratio of 50 wt% PMMA indicated that the highest rate of pyrolytic transformation was achieved at a conversion degree of 0.5 while activation energy ranged from 188.1 to 364.3 kJ/mol. The most intensive gas release during cellulose pyrolysis was CO2. Co-pyrolysis was more complicated than that of pyrolysis of cellulose and PMMA due to depolymerization and radical interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamzenur Özsin
- Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Bilecik, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Xia H, Zhang L, Hu H, Zuo S, Yang L. Efficient Hydrogenation of Xylose and Hemicellulosic Hydrolysate to Xylitol over Ni-Re Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalyst. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 10:E73. [PMID: 31905858 PMCID: PMC7022744 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A disadvantage of the commercial Raney Ni is that the Ni active sites are prone to leaching and deactivation in the hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol. To explore a more stable and robust catalyst, activated carbon (AC) supported Ni-Re bimetallic catalysts (Ni-Re/AC) were synthesized and used to hydrogenate xylose and hemicellulosic hydrolysate into xylitol under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to the monometallic Ni/AC catalyst, bimetallic Ni-Re/AC exhibited better catalytic performances in the hydrogenation of xylose to xylitol. A high xylitol yield up to 98% was achieved over Ni-Re/AC (nNi:nRe = 1:1) at 140 °C for 1 h. In addition, these bimetallic catalysts also had superior hydrogenation performance in the conversion of the hydrolysate derived from the hydrolysis reaction of the hemicellulose of Camellia oleifera shell. The characterization results showed that the addition of Re led to the formation of Ni-Re alloy and improved the dispersion of Ni active sites. The recycled experimental results revealed that the monometallic Ni and the bimetallic Ni-Re catalysts tended to deactivate, but the introduction of Re was able to remarkably improve the catalyst's stability and reduce the Ni leaching during the hydrogenation reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haian Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (H.H.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (H.H.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (H.H.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Songlin Zuo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (H.H.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-Forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (L.Z.); (H.H.); (S.Z.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yuan R, Shen Y. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass-plastic wastes in the presence of MgO and MgCO 3 for hydrocarbon-rich oils production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 293:122076. [PMID: 31479853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work comparatively studied the catalytic effect of MgO and MgCO3 on pyrolysis of rice husk (RH). The apparent activation energy (E) was reduced significantly by pyrolysis of RH with MgCO3, thus lowering the decomposition temperature during pyrolysis. MgO could not obviously influence the gas evolution during pyrolysis, while MgCO3 had a better performance on the syngas (H2 and CO) generation at around 600-700 °C. Also, the generation of CO2 was suppressed by the RH pyrolysis with MgCO3. The phenols were the dominant compounds in the bio-oil derived from RH. Furthermore, co-pyrolysis of RH and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the presence of MgO or MgCO3 at 600 °C could improve the oils quality by decreasing the acids content and increasing the hydrocarbons content. Particularly, the resulting oils had high hydrocarbons content (>35%) and low acids content (<2%). The decrease of acids, alcohols, and phenols contributed to the increase of hydrocarbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yafei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, NUIST, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen W, Meng XT, Wang HH, Zhang XQ, Wei Y, Li ZY, Li D, Zhang AP, Liu CF. A Feasible Way to Produce Carbon Nanofiber by Electrospinning from Sugarcane Bagasse. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1968. [PMID: 31795517 PMCID: PMC6960696 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the nanofiber materials derived from natural polymers instead of petroleum-based polymers by electrospinning have aroused a great deal of interests. The lignocellulosic biomass could not be electrospun into nanofiber directly due to its poor solubility. Here, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was subjected to the homogeneous esterification with different anhydrides, and the corresponding esterified products (SCB-A) were obtained. It was found that the bead-free and uniform nanofibers were obtained via electrospinning even when the mass fraction of acetylated SCB was 70%. According to the thermogravimetric analyses, the addition of SCB-A could improve the thermal stability of the electrospun composite nanofibers. More importantly, in contrast to the pure polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon nanofiber, the SCB-A based carbon nanofibers had higher electrical conductivity and the surface N element content. In addition, the superfine carbon nanofiber mats with minimum average diameter of 117.0 ± 13.7 nm derived from SCB-A were obtained, which results in a larger Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area than pure PAN based carbon nanofiber. These results demonstrated that the combination of the homogeneous esterification and electrospinning could be a feasible and potential way to produce the bio-based carbon nanofibers directly from lignocellulosic without component separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Xin-Tong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Hui-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Zeng-Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Di Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| | - Ai-Ping Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Chuan-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (W.C.); (X.-T.M.); (H.-H.W.); (X.-Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (Z.-Y.L.); (D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bu Q, Chen K, Xie W, Liu Y, Cao M, Kong X, Chu Q, Mao H. Hydrocarbon rich bio-oil production, thermal behavior analysis and kinetic study of microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of microwave-torrefied lignin with low density polyethylene. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121860. [PMID: 31374414 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to enhance the quality of biofuel through microwave torrefaction pretreatment for lignin. Low density polyethylene (LDPE) was added as a hydrogen source during microwave co-pyrolysis along with the microwave-torrefied lignin (MTL). The thermal degradation behavior and kinetic study of MTL co-pyrolysis with LDPE by microwave-assisted heating was investigated as well. The results indicated that the hydrocarbon content in the bio-oil obtained from microwave co-pyrolysis of MTL and LDPE increased significantly (about 80%). It was also noticed that the aromatic hydrocarbon content increased from 1.94% to 22.83% with the addition of LDPE. Thermal behavior analysis and reaction kinetic study showed that the addition of LDPE into MTL had the effect of promoting thermal degradation and improving reaction rate during microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Bu
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Mengjie Cao
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Xianghai Kong
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Qiulu Chu
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| | - Hanping Mao
- School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen R, Zhang J, Lun L, Li Q, Zhang Y. Comparative study on synergistic effects in co-pyrolysis of tobacco stalk with polymer wastes: Thermal behavior, gas formation, and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 292:121970. [PMID: 31421590 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of tobacco stalk (TS) with different types of polymer wastes such as scrap tire (ST), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was investigated. Thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was carried out to examine the thermochemical properties, kinetics, and gas generation. The results of the co-pyrolysis showed a synergistic effect compared to the pyrolysis of the individual components. When using TS/ST co-pyrolysis, the reduction in char residue was about 6% (dry wt. basis) and the increase in organic gases exceeded 20%. It indicates that the addition of ST can increase both carbon conversion efficiency and volatiles yield. HCl from PVC underwent a complex physicochemical reaction with TS, increasing coke yield by 11-12% and inhibiting the gas release. In the main pyrolysis temperature range of ST, the activation energy is reduced by 40-80% by blending with TS; for PP this value is reduced by about 22%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Chen
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Liyong Lun
- Resources & Environment Business Department, China International Engineering Consulting Corporation, Ltd., Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Qinghai Li
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Tsinghua University-University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology, Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Klokov SV, Lokteva ES, Golubina EV, Maslakov KI, Isaikina OY, Trenikhin MV. Carbon-Supported Palladium–Cobalt Catalysts in Chlorobenzene Hydrodechlorination. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
35
|
Wang S, Zhou Z, Li F, Ye J, Cai Y, Zhang P, Nabi M. Thermal effects. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:1097-1102. [PMID: 31408917 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the research literature published in 2018 relating to thermal effects in wastewater and solid waste treatment. This review is divided into the following sections: treatment of wastewater and sludge, removal and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus, reduction and recovery of heavy metals, membrane technology, and treatment and disposal of solid wastes. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Thermal effect plays an important role in the treatment of wastewater and sewage sludge. Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater and sewage sludge offers an excellent feedstock for soil amendment. Increase of treatment temperature facilitates removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and soil environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junpei Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yajing Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Mohammad Nabi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang Q, Ji C, Sun J, Yao Q, Liu J, Saeed RMY, Zhu Q. Kinetic thermal behavior of nanocellulose filled polylactic acid filament for fused filament fabrication 3D printing. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education Qilu University of Technology Jinan 250353 China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Engineering Rheology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004 China
| | - Chencheng Ji
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Qian Yao
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| | | | - Qianqian Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Masawat N, Atong D, Sricharoenchaikul V. Thermo-kinetics and product analysis of the catalytic pyrolysis of Pongamia residual cake. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 242:238-245. [PMID: 31048229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Pongamia residual cake (PRC) and the kinetics of this were evaluated using thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. The influence of the heating rate on the devolatilization process was studied to obtain corresponding kinetic information. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) model-free isoconversion methods were used to predict the kinetic parameters. The major thermal degradation of PRC occurred around 150-550 °C with an activation energy of 97.2-394.3 kJ/mol or 114.5-412.2 kJ/mol as determined by the KAS and FWO methods, respectively. Micro-scale pyrolysis trials were performed to determine the effects of the PRC particle size, reaction temperature and PRC: catalyst weight ratio on the pyrolytic product distribution and upgraded pyrolytic vapor properties for the 5 wt% Ni impregnated on activated carbon (AC), aluminium(III) oxide (Al2O3), kaolin and zeolite NaA supports. The results indicated that using a 1:5 PRC: Ni/AC catalyst weight ratio with medium-sized PRC particles (125-425 μm) was the most effective condition for the conversion of oxygenated (O)-compounds to hydrocarbons (HCs) through decarbonylation, decarboxylation and dehydration reactions, giving the highest decrease (99%) in O-compounds. Increased HC yields, to more than 58%, were also obtained with this catalyst. Similarly, using the other synthesized Ni catalysts resulted in a reduction in the O-compounds and production of favorable HC species, albeit to a lesser extent. Therefore, the catalytic pyrolysis process of this residue, especially with a Ni/AC catalyst, has the potential to be a viable option for producing upgraded pyrolysis oil, which may be applied as a quality alternative biofuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natchanok Masawat
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Duangduen Atong
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Viboon Sricharoenchaikul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kwon EE, Kim S, Lee J. Pyrolysis of waste feedstocks in CO2 for effective energy recovery and waste treatment. J CO2 UTIL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
39
|
Sustainable Valorization of Animal Manure and Recycled Polyester: Co-pyrolysis Synergy. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11082280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study sustainable valorization of cattle manure, recycled polyester, and their blend (1:1 wt.%) were examined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Pyrolysis tests were performed at 10, 30, and 50 °C/min heating rate from room temperature to 1000 °C under a nitrogen environment with a flow of 100 cm3/min. Kinetics of decomposition were analyzed by using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method. Based on activation energies and conversion points, a single region was established for recycled polyester while three regions of pyrolysis were obtained for cattle manure and their blend. Comparison between experimental and theoretical profiles indicated synergistic interactions during co-pyrolysis in the high temperature region. The apparent activation energies calculated by FWO method for cattle manure, recycled polyester. and their blend were 194.62, 254.22 and 227.21 kJ/mol, respectively. Kinetics and thermodynamic parameters, including E, ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS, have shown that cattle manure and recycled polyester blend is a remarkable feedstock for bioenergy.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yuan R, Yu S, Shen Y. Pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of lignocellulosic biomass pellets with calcium-rich wastes from agro-forestry residues. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:86-96. [PMID: 31109588 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of biomass pellets (i.e., rice husk, herb residue, and wood residue) with the calcium-rich wastes (i.e., CaO, CaCO3, and eggshell) from agro-forestry residues were comparatively studied. During pyrolysis or combustion of biomass, the Ca-rich wastes could slightly influence the decomposition rate in the stage of devolatilization at relatively lower temperatures (e.g., <400 °C). However, the lignin decomposition and the char combustion were obviously influenced by the calcium-based catalysis at higher temperatures (>700 °C). Particularly, the eggshell had a lowest activation energy in the stage of char combustion. The presence of alkali and alkaline-earth metals (AAEMs) in the eggshells might have positive effects on volatile and char combustion. During the combustion, the decomposition temperatures of CaCO3 and eggshell were decreased, thereby favoring to uptake CO2. Furthermore, by identifying the small molecular products, it was found that both CaCO3 and CaO can improve the pyrolysis of RH, but CaCO3 showed better performances, especially on CO2 capture at lower temperatures and on the enhancement of CO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Shili Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yafei Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou Z, Chen X, Wang Y, Liu C, Ma H, Zhou C, Qi F, Yang J. Online photoionization mass spectrometric evaluation of catalytic co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene over HZSM-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:130-137. [PMID: 30580234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen-deficient and oxygen-rich nature of lignocellulosic biomass prohibits effective conversions of biomass to fuels and chemicals via catalytic pyrolysis due to significant coking of the catalysts. Co-feeding of biomass feedstock with hydrogen-rich and oxygen-deficient thermoplastics could improve the process. Herein, thermal and catalytic co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polyethylene (PE) was studied via thermogravimetry combined with an online photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-TOF-MS). No notable synergetic effect was found in the thermal co-pyrolysis process while a considerable synergetic effect was observed during the catalytic co-pyrolysis. In the case of catalytic pyrolysis, co-feeding of cellulose with PE significantly improved the aromatic formation. Detailed reaction intermediates and products were detected by PI-TOF-MS and the process of aromatization could be ascribed to aromatization of small oxygenates and olefins, as well as Diels-Alder reaction and dehydration by HZSM-5. Moreover, this study provides a reliable tool for screening and optimizing of catalytic co-pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Xiamin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yizun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Hao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fei Qi
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education (MOE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiuzhong Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen L, Yu Z, Xu H, Wan K, Liao Y, Ma X. Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris and wood sawdust using different additives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:34-39. [PMID: 30399608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris (CV), wood sawdust (WS) and their blends with additives were investigated. There was a higher liquid and solid yield with silicon carbide (SiC) than activated carbon (AC) in most of samples. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis with additives behaved a positive effect on deoxygenation and aromatization, but not apparent denitrification. With the increase of CV proportion, aromatic hydrocarbons decreased, but aliphatic hydrocarbons increased using AC. High selectivity of phenols was reached at the sample of WS (relative content as 43.6%) using SiC; High selectivity of alkenes was reached at the sample of CV (relative content as 31.2%) and alkanes at the blend sample of 70% CV and 30% WS (relative content as 9.45%). Bio-oil and biochar from microwave-assisted pyrolysis of WS had higher calorific value than that of CV both with AC and SiC. Calorific value of bio-oil decreased by 33.3% after mixing CV with WS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaosheng Yu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangyu Wan
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfen Liao
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- School of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ruan R, Duan D, Zhao Y, Yu Z, Jiang L. Catalytic fast pyrolysis of torrefied corn cob to aromatic hydrocarbons over Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:407-414. [PMID: 30388578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of torrefied corn cob using Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst was conducted in this study. The prepared catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption (N2-BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD). NaOH solution treatment resulted in the lower peak intensities of hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst in the XRD patterns while Ni modification improved the catalyst framework. In addition, NaOH solution treatment created some mesopores or macropores, but the incorporation of Ni reduced BET surface area and volume of micropores. Though the addition of Ni lowered the acidity of catalyst, Ni-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst led to higher yields and of aromatic hydrocarbons. What is more, hierarchical ZSM-5 catalysts significantly improved the selectivities of mono-aromatics. Kinetic analysis shows that CFP of torrefied corn cob was second-order reaction and the addition of Ni can obtain a lower activation energy compared with hierarchical ZSM-5 catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Dengle Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Zhenting Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China; Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Loy ACM, Gan DKW, Yusup S, Chin BLF, Lam MK, Shahbaz M, Unrean P, Acda MN, Rianawati E. Thermogravimetric kinetic modelling of in-situ catalytic pyrolytic conversion of rice husk to bioenergy using rice hull ash catalyst. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:213-222. [PMID: 29665455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The thermal degradation behaviour and kinetic parameter of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk (RH) using rice hull ash (RHA) as catalyst were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis at four different heating rates of 10, 20, 50 and 100 K/min. Four different iso conversional kinetic models such as Kissinger, Friedman, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW) were applied in this study to calculate the activation energy (EA) and pre-exponential value (A) of the system. The EA of non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis was found to be in the range of 152-190 kJ/mol and 146-153 kJ/mol, respectively. The results showed that the catalytic pyrolysis of RH had resulted in a lower EA as compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis of RH and other biomass in literature. Furthermore, the high Gibb's free energy obtained in RH implied that it has the potential to serve as a source of bioenergy production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Chun Minh Loy
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Darren Kin Wai Gan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Bridgid Lai Fui Chin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, CDT 250, 98009 Miri Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Biomass Processing Lab, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Living, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Pornkamol Unrean
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Menandro N Acda
- Department of Forest Products and Paper Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Elisabeth Rianawati
- Resilience Development Initiative, Jl. Imperial Imperial 2, No. 52, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|