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Wang S, Zhou Z, Cao M, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Sun Q, Lei X, Le T. A comprehensive review of aptamer screening and application for lateral flow strip: Current status and future perspectives. Talanta 2024; 275:126181. [PMID: 38692047 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The detection of biomarkers is of great significance for medical diagnosis, food safety, environmental monitoring, and agriculture. However, bio-detection technology at present often necessitates complex instruments, expensive reagents, specialized expertise, and prolonged procedures, making it challenging to fulfill the demand for rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, and economical testing. In contrast, lateral flow strip (LFS) technology offers simple, fast, and visually accessible detection modality, allowing real-time analysis of clinical specimens, thus finding widespread utility across various domains. Within the realm of LFS, the application of aptamers as molecular recognition probes presents distinct advantages over antibodies, including cost-effectiveness, smaller size, ease of synthesis, and chemical stability. In recent years, aptamer-based LFS has found extensive application in qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative detection across food safety, environmental surveillance, clinical diagnostics, and other domains. This review provided a concise overview of different aptamer screening methodologies, selection strategies, underlying principles, and procedural, elucidating their respective advantages, limitations, and applications. Additionally, we summarized recent strategies and mechanisms for aptamer-based LFS, such as the sandwich and competitive methods. Furthermore, we classified LFSs constructed based on aptamers, considering the rapid advancements in this area, and discussed their applications in biological and chemical detection. Finally, we delved into the current challenges and future directions in the development of aptamer and aptamer-based LFS. Although this review was not thoroughly, it would serve as a valuable reference for understanding the research progress of aptamer-based LFS and aid in the development of new types of aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Mingdong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yangwei Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yu Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xianlu Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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2
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Chang J, Hu R, Zhang J, Hou T, Li F. Two-dimensional metal-organic framework nanozyme-mediated portable paper-based analytical device for dichlorophen assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116271. [PMID: 38583355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanozyme-mediated paper-based analytical devices (PADs) have shown great potential in portable visual determination of phenolic compounds in the environment. However, most MOF nanozymes suffer from poor dispersibility and block-like structure, which often prompts deposition and results in diminished enzymatic activity, severely hindering their environmental applications. Here, we proposed colorimetric PADs for the visual detection of dichlorophen (Dcp) based on its significant inhibitory effect on the two-dimensional (2D) MOF nanozyme activity. Specifically, we synthesized a 2D Cu TCPP (Fe) (defined as 2D-CTF) MOF nanozyme exhibiting excellent dispersibility and remarkable peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity, which could catalyze the oxidation and subsequent color change of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine even under neutral conditions. Notably, the POD-like activity of 2D-CTF demonstrated a unique response to Dcp because of the occupation of Fe-N4 active sites on the 2D-CTF. This property enables the use of 2D-CTF as a highly efficient catalyst to develop colorimetric PADs for naked-eye and portable detection of Dcp. We believe that the proposed colorimetric PADs offer an efficient method for Dcp assay and open fresh avenues for the advancement of colorimetric sensors for analyzing of phenolic toxic substances in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Chang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Hou
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Lee S, Dang H, Moon JI, Kim K, Joung Y, Park S, Yu Q, Chen J, Lu M, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. SERS-based microdevices for use as in vitro diagnostic biosensors. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5394-5427. [PMID: 38597213 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection have helped to overcome the limitations of traditional in vitro diagnostic methods, such as fluorescence and chemiluminescence, owing to its high sensitivity and multiplex detection capability. However, for the implementation of SERS detection technology in disease diagnosis, a SERS-based assay platform capable of analyzing clinical samples is essential. Moreover, infectious diseases like COVID-19 require the development of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic technologies that can rapidly and accurately determine infection status. As an effective assay platform, SERS-based bioassays utilize SERS nanotags labeled with protein or DNA receptors on Au or Ag nanoparticles, serving as highly sensitive optical probes. Additionally, a microdevice is necessary as an interface between the target biomolecules and SERS nanotags. This review aims to introduce various microdevices developed for SERS detection, available for POC diagnostics, including LFA strips, microfluidic chips, and microarray chips. Furthermore, the article presents research findings reported in the last 20 years for the SERS-based bioassay of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. Finally, the prospects of SERS bioassays are discussed concerning the integration of SERS-based microdevices and portable Raman readers into POC systems, along with the utilization of artificial intelligence technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Hajun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Joung-Il Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Younju Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Sohyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Mengdan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Lingxin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea.
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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4
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Liu G, Wang J, Wang J, Cui X, Wang K, Chen M, Yang Z, Gao A, Shen Y, Zhang Q, Gao G, Cui D. Deep-learning assisted zwitterionic magnetic immunochromatographic assays for multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 273:125868. [PMID: 38458085 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based immunochromatographic tests (ICTs) display long-term stability and an enhanced capability for multiplex biomarker detection, surpassing conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence-based ICTs. In this study, we innovatively developed zwitterionic silica-coated MNPs (MNP@Si-Zwit/COOH) with outstanding antifouling capabilities and effectively utilised them for the simultaneous identification of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A/B. The carboxyl-functionalised MNPs with 10% zwitterionic ligands (MNP@Si-Zwit 10/COOH) exhibited a wide linear dynamic detection range and the most pronounced signal-to-noise ratio when used as probes in the ICT. The relative limit of detection (LOD) values were achieved in 12 min by using a magnetic assay reader (MAR), with values of 0.0062 ng/mL for SARS-CoV-2 and 0.0051 and 0.0147 ng/mL, respectively, for the N protein of influenza A and influenza B. By integrating computer vision and deep learning to enhance the image processing of immunoassay results for multiplex detection, a classification accuracy in the range of 0.9672-0.9936 was achieved for evaluating the three proteins at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/mL. The proposed MNP-based ICT for the multiplex diagnosis of biomarkers holds substantial promise for applications in both medical institutions and self-administered diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Junhao Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiulin Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Radiology Department of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Second Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Kan Wang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mingrui Chen
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ziyang Yang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ang Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yulan Shen
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Guo Gao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Henan Medical School, Henan University, Henan, 475004, PR China.
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5
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Fogaça MBT, Saavedra DP, Lopes-Luz L, Ribeiro BM, da Silva Pinto L, Nagata T, Conceição FR, Stefani MMDA, Buhrer-Sékula S. Development and evaluation of a Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) prototype for the detection of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29938. [PMID: 38707409 PMCID: PMC11066624 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for antibody detection represent cost-effective and user-friendly tools for serology assessment. This study evaluated a new LFIA prototype developed with a recombinant chimeric antigen from the spike/S and nucleocapsid/N proteins to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. The evaluation of LFIA sensitivity and specificity used 811 serum samples from 349 hospitalized, SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR positive COVID-19 patients, collected at different time points and 193 serum samples from healthy controls. The agreement between ELISA results with the S/N chimeric antigen and LFIA results was calculated. The LFIA prototype for SARS-CoV-2 using the chimeric S/N protein demonstrated 85 % sensitivity on the first week post symptoms onset, reaching 94 % in samples collected at the fourth week of disease. The agreement between LFIA and ELISA with the same antigen was 92.7 %, 0.827 kappa Cohen value (95 % CI [0.765-0.889]). Further improvements are needed to standardize the prototype for whole blood use. The inclusion of the novel chimeric S + N antigen in the COVID-19 IgG antibody LFIA demonstrated optimal agreement with results from a comparable ELISA, highlighting the prototype's potential for accurate large-scale serologic assessments in the field in a rapid and user-friendly format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Bernardes Torres Fogaça
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Djairo Pastor Saavedra
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lopes-Luz
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano da Silva Pinto
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Imunologia, Aplicada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Martins de Araújo Stefani
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Samira Buhrer-Sékula
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Produção de Testes Rápidos, Centro Multiusuário de Pesquisa de Bioinsumos e Tecnologias em Saúde, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brazil
- Innovation Hub in Point of Care Technologies, Universidade Federal de Goiás-Merck S/A. Alliance, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Zhang F, Chen J, Zhao F, Liu M, Peng K, Pu Y, Sang Y, Wang S, Wang X. Microfabrication of engineered Lactococcus lactis biocarriers with genetically programmed immunorecognition probes for sensitive lateral flow immunoassay of antibiotic in milk and lake water. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 252:116139. [PMID: 38412686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Micro/nanomaterials display considerable potential for increasing the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) by acting as 3D carriers for both antibodies and signals. The key to achieving high detection sensitivity depends on the probe's orientation on the material surface and its multivalent biomolecular interactions with targets. Here, we engineer Lactococcus lactis as the bacterial microcarrier (BMC) for a multivalent immunorecognition probe that was genetically programmed to display multifunctional components including a phage-screened single-chain variable fragment (scFv), an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), and a C-terminal peptidoglycan-binding domain (AcmA) anchored on BMC through the cell wall peptidoglycan. The innovative design of this biocarrier system, which incorporates a lab-on-a-chip microfluidic device, allows for the rapid and non-destructive self-assembly of the multivalent scFv-eGFP-AcmA@BMC probe, in which the 3D structure of BMC with a large peptidoglycan surface area facilitates the precisely orientated attachment and immobilization of scFv-eGFP-AcmA. This leads to a remarkable fluorescence aggregation amplification effect in LFIA, outperforming a monovalent 2D scFv-eGFP-AcmA probe for florfenicol detection. By designing a portable sensing device, we achieved an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.28 pg/mL and 0.21 pg/mL for florfenicol in lake water and milk sample, respectively. The successful microfabrication of this biocarrier holds potential to inspire innovative biohybrid designs for environment and food safety biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Jiajie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Minxuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kaige Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuanhao Pu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Medical College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300500, China.
| | - Xianghong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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Chen C, Hu S, Tian L, Qi M, Chang Z, Li L, Wang L, Dong B. A versatile upconversion-based multimode lateral flow platform for rapid and ultrasensitive detection of microRNA towards health monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 252:116135. [PMID: 38387230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small single-stranded RNA molecules associated with gene expression and immune response, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for health monitoring. Herein, we designed a novel upconversion-based multimode lateral flow assay (LFA) system to detect microRNAs in body fluids by simultaneously producing three unique signals within a detection strip. The core-shell Au-DTNB@Ag nanoparticles act as both the Raman reporters and acceptors, quenching fluorescence from upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs, NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+) via the Förster resonance energy transfer mechanism. Using microRNA-21 as a representative analyte, the LFA system offers remarkable detection range from 2 nM to 1 fM, comparable to outcomes from signal amplification methods, due to the successful single-layer self-assembly of UCNPs on the NC membrane, which greatly enhances both the convenience and sensitivity of the LFA technique. Additionally, our proprietary fluorescence-Raman detection platform simplifies result acquisition by reducing procedural intricacies. The biosensor, when evaluated with diverse bodily fluids, showed remarkable selectivity and sustained stability. Importantly, our LFA biosensor effectively identified periodontitis and lung cancer patients from healthy subjects in genuine samples, indicating significant potential for disease prediction, early diagnosis, and progression tracking. This system holds promise as a multifunctional tool for various biomarker assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Songtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Collage of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Lulu Tian
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Collage of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Collage of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
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Chovelon B, Ranganathan V, Srinivasan S, McConnell EM, Faure P, Fiore E, Ravelet C, Peyrin E, DeRosa M. Noncompetitive Determination of Small Analytes by Sandwich-Type Lateral Flow Assay Based on an Aptamer Kissing Complex. Anal Chem 2024; 96:6875-6880. [PMID: 38651263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the proof-of-concept of a lateral flow assay (LFA) that is capable of detecting small-molecule targets in a noncompetitive manner by deploying a sandwich-type format based on the aptamer kissing complex (AKC) strategy. A fluorescently labeled hairpin aptamer served as the signaling agent, while a specific RNA hairpin grafted onto the strip served as the capture element. The hairpin aptamer switched from an unfolded to a folded form in the presence of the target, resulting in kissing interactions between the loops of the reporter and the capture agents. This design triggered a target-dependent fluorescent signal at the test line. The AKC-based LFA was developed for the detection of adenosine, achieving a detection limit in the micromolar range. The assay revealed the presence of the same analyte in urine. The method also proved effective with another small molecule (theophylline). We believe that the AKC-based LFA approach could overcome many of the shortcomings associated with conventional signal-off methods and competitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Chovelon
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Grenoble Site Nord CHU-Biology and Pathology Institute, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Velu Ranganathan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Sathya Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Erin M McConnell
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Patrice Faure
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
- Biochemistry, Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, Grenoble Site Nord CHU-Biology and Pathology Institute, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Fiore
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Ravelet
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Peyrin
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Maria DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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9
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Çam Derin D, Gültekin E, Gündüz E, Otlu B. Comparison of Six Aptamer-Aptamer Pairs on Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Lateral Flow Assay. J AOAC Int 2024; 107:464-470. [PMID: 38218729 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is a threat to humanity. Both the spike (S) protein and its receptor binding domain (sRBD) are extensively used for rapid detection. Although real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is mostly used method for the molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2, rapid assays for antigenic detection are always needed. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are the most commonly used tests for this purpose, and aptamers having stability and long shelf life are used as capture reagents. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the LFAs based on the aptamer pairs for the antigenic detection of SARS-CoV-2 with the naked eye. METHOD Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as labels, and six sandwich models by three different aptamers were prepared using 4 μM and 8 μM probes and two kinds of membranes for developing the LFAs. RESULTS The 8 μM probe concentration and M2 membrane showed the best recognition of both the synthetic sRBD and SARS-CoV-2 coming from the naso/oropharingeal swabs by designed LFAs as 100% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity compared to the antibody-detecting LFAs. CONCLUSIONS Our developed strip assays based on aptamer pairs recognized the target directly in 5-6 min with the naked eye. It was also concluded that aptamer pairs, membrane types, assay buffers, and probe concentrations have a significant role in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by LFAs. HIGHLIGHTS The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples was demonstrated with the best aptamer pairs, sensitively and selectively among the designed six aptamer pairs for LFAs. Developed LFAs can be an alternative method to the conventional antibody-based LFAs for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Çam Derin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Enes Gültekin
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elif Gündüz
- Inonu University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Barış Otlu
- Inonu University, Department of Medical Microbiology, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
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10
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Gonzalez-Macia L, Li Y, Zhang K, Nunez-Bajo E, Barandun G, Cotur Y, Asfour T, Olenik S, Coatsworth P, Herrington J, Güder F. NFC-enabled potentiostat and nitrocellulose-based metal electrodes for electrochemical lateral flow assay. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116124. [PMID: 38359669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Rapid detection of pathogens at the point-of-need is crucial for preventing the spread of human, animal and plant diseases which can have devastating consequences both on the lives and livelihood of billions of people. Colorimetric, lateral flow assays consisting of a nitrocellulose membrane, are the preferred format today for low-cost on-site detection of pathogens. This assay format has, however, historically suffered from poor analytical performance and is not compatible with digital technologies. In this work, we report the development of a new class of digital diagnostics platform for precision point-of-need testing. This new versatile platform consists of two important innovations: i) A wireless and batteryless, microcontroller-based, low-cost Near Field Communication (NFC)-enabled potentiostat that brings high performance electroanalytical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, square wave voltammetry) to the field. The NFC-potentiostat can be operated with a mobile app by minimally trained users; ii) A new approach for producing nitrocellulose membranes with integrated electrodes that facilitate high performance electrochemical detection at the point-of-need. We produced an integrated system housed in a 3D-printed phone case and demonstrated its use for the detection of Maize Mosaic Virus (MMV), a plant pathogen, as a proof-of-concept application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kaijia Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giandrin Barandun
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yasin Cotur
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tarek Asfour
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Selin Olenik
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Coatsworth
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Herrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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11
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Lee SY, Oh SW. Point-of-Care Diagnostic System for Viable Salmonella Species via Improved Propidium Monoazide and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Based Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:831. [PMID: 38667476 PMCID: PMC11049151 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella species are prominent foodborne microbial pathogens transmitted through contaminated food or water and pose a significant threat to human health. Accurate and rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnosis is gaining attention in effectively preventing outbreaks of foodborne disease. However, the presence of dead bacteria can interfere with an accurate diagnosis, necessitating the development of methods for the rapid, simple, and efficient detection of viable bacteria only. Herein, we used an improved propidium monoazide (PMAxx) to develop a nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) assay based on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) to differentiate viable Salmonella Typhimurium. We selected an RPA primer set targeting the invA gene and designed a probe for NALF. RPA-based NALF was optimized for temperature (30-43 °C), time (1-25 min), and endonuclease IV concentration (0.025-0.15 unit/µL). PMAxx successfully eliminated false-positive results from dead S. Typhimurium, enabling the accurate detection of viable S. Typhimurium with a detection limit of 1.11 × 102 CFU/mL in pure culture. The developed method was evaluated with spiked raw chicken breast and milk with analysis completed within 25 min at 39 °C. This study has potential as a tool for the POC diagnostics of viable foodborne pathogens with high specificity, sensitivity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea;
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12
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Li H, Shang Q, Zhang L, Mao J, Zhang Q, Li P. Europium nanospheres based ultrasensitive fluorescence immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 determination in feed. Talanta 2024; 270:125569. [PMID: 38141463 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new competitive immunosensor for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection was developed using europium (Eu) fluorescent nanospheres and magnetic beads. Firstly, Eu nanospheres were synthesized through two steps including carboxylated polystyrene nanospheres and Eu-doped polystyrene nanospheres preparation. Then Eu nanospheres were covalently tagged to anti-AFB1 monoclonal antibody (anti-AFB1 mAb) through an EDC coupling method. Carboxylated Fe3O4 magnetic beads were conjugated to AFB1-BSA through EDC/NHS crosslinking to obtain AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4. In the absence of AFB1, Eu-anti-AFB1 mAb were incubated with AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4 to form Eu-anti-AFB1 mAb-AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4 in PBS buffer. However, in the presence of AFB1, the competitive interaction of AFB1 and AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4 to bind with Eu-anti-AFB1 mAb occurred. With the increasing concentration of AFB1, less Eu-anti-AFB1 mAb-AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4 formed. So the fluorescence intensity of Eu-anti-AFB1 mAb-AFB1-BSA-Fe3O4 was gradually decreased after magnetic separation. The degree of fluorescence decrease was linear with respect to the logarithm of AFB1 concentration in the range of 0.01-2 ng/mL in both buffer solution and feed samples and the detection limit was 0.003 ng/mL. What's more, the immunosensor showed excellent specificity for AFB1 without being interfered by other mycotoxins. In consideration of the excellent performance of this immunosensor, we can speculate that the proposed method could be widely used in detecting food contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Qingyu Shang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Wuhan, 430062, China; Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China.
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13
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Franck N, Vera Candioti L, Gerlero GS, Urteaga R, Kler PA. A simple method for the assessment of electrophoretic mobility in porous media. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:589-598. [PMID: 37853649 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Developing paper-based electrophoretic methods involve dealing with significant uncertainty levels when compared to their capillary counterparts. Critical information for developing these kinds of methods are the electrophoretic mobility of background electrolytes and samples. This work presents the design and characterization of a device for measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of dyes in porous media. The device was developed with the aim of validating a previously presented model and also proposing a protocol for the straightforward determination of electrophoretic mobilities in porous media when open-channel values are already known. Whatman #1 paper was used as a model substrate as far as it is the most common porous medium substrate for paper-based electrophoresis. The device was designed using a numerical simulation-assisted approach, utilizing OpenFOAM® and specific solvers for capillary transport and electromigration, namely porousMicroTransport and electroMicroTransport, respectively. The electrophoretic mobilities of five dyes were analyzed experimentally with the proposed device. To establish appropriate comparative values at different pHs, experiments in fused silica capillaries were also performed. An effective parameter model for describing the electrophoretic behavior of dyes in porous media, that is, the constriction factor, was found consistent with previous reports for the Whatman #1 paper. This consistency was found after considering (via direct measurements) the chromatographic effect of the medium over each dye. Consequently, the recorded values hold significant worth due to their potential for direct application in designing new experiments or devices in Whatman #1 paper. With the validation of the model through the experiments with the proposed device, those researchers interested on developing electrophoretic methods in porous substrates can make use of the open-channel electrophoretic mobilities reported in the literature, or in the well-known software databases, and correct them for the media of interest just by performing two simple characterization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Franck
- Centro de Investigación en Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Instituto de Física del Litoral (IFIS Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luciana Vera Candioti
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Cátedra de Bromatología y Nutrición-(FBCB,UNL-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel S Gerlero
- Centro de Investigación en Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raúl Urteaga
- Instituto de Física del Litoral (IFIS Litoral, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Kler
- Centro de Investigación en Métodos Computacionales (CIMEC, UNL-CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas de Información, FRSF-UTN, Lavaise, Santa Fe, Argentina
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14
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Supianto M, Yoo DK, Hwang H, Oh HB, Jhung SH, Lee HJ. Linker-Preserved Iron Metal-Organic Framework-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Sensitive Transglutaminase 2 Detection in Urine Through Machine Learning-Assisted Colorimetric Analysis. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1321-1330. [PMID: 38471126 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A groundbreaking demonstration of the utilization of the metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe) as an exceptionally perceptive visual label in colorimetric lateral flow assays (LFA) is described. This pioneering approach enables the precise identification of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a recognized biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD), in urine specimens, which offers a remarkably sensitive naked-eye detection mechanism. The surface of MIL-101(Fe) was modified with oxalyl chloride, adipoyl chloride, and poly(acrylic) acid (PAA); these not only improved the labeling material stability in a complex matrix but also achieved a systematic control in the detection limit of the TGM2 concentration using our LFA platform. The advanced LFA with the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA label can detect TGM2 concentrations down to 0.012, 0.009, and 0.010 nM in Tris-HCl buffer, urine, and desalted urine, respectively, which are approximately 55-fold lower than those for a conventional AuNP-based LFAs. Aside from rapid TGM2 detection (i.e., within 20 min), the performance of the MIL-101(Fe)-PAA-based LFA on reproducibility [coefficients of variation (CV) < 2.9%] and recovery (95.9-103.2%) along with storage stability within 25 days of observation (CV < 6.0%) shows an acceptable parameter range for quantitative analysis. A sophisticated sensing method grounded in machine learning principles was also developed, specifically aimed at precisely deducing the TGM2 concentration by analyzing immunoreaction sites. More importantly, our developed LFA offers potential for clinical measurement of TGM2 concentration in normal human urine and CKD patients' samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulya Supianto
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hagyeong Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Jhung
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu-city 41566, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang W, Srivastava S, Garg A, Xiao C, Hawks S, Pan J, Duggal N, Isaacman-VanWertz G, Zhou W, Marr LC, Vikesland PJ. Digital Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Lateral Flow Test Dipstick: Ultrasensitive, Rapid Virus Quantification in Environmental Dust. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4926-4936. [PMID: 38452107 PMCID: PMC10956432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based lateral flow test (LFT) dipstick that integrates digital analysis for highly sensitive and rapid viral quantification. The SERS-LFT dipsticks, incorporating gold-silver core-shell nanoparticle probes, enable pixel-based digital analysis of large-area SERS scans. Such an approach enables ultralow-level detection of viruses that readily distinguishes positive signals from background noise at the pixel level. The developed digital SERS-LFTs demonstrate limits of detection (LODs) of 180 fg for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, 120 fg for nucleocapsid protein, and 7 plaque forming units for intact virus, all within <30 min. Importantly, digital SERS-LFT methods maintain their robustness and their LODs in the presence of indoor dust, thus underscoring their potential for accurate and reliable virus diagnosis and quantification in real-world environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia
Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS)
Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Sonali Srivastava
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia
Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS)
Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Aditya Garg
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Seth Hawks
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jin Pan
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nisha Duggal
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Linsey C. Marr
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia
Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS)
Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Peter J. Vikesland
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Virginia
Tech Institute of Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS)
Sustainable Nanotechnology Center (VTSuN), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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16
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Jiang S, Chen Y, Liang J, Xiao H, Lin M, Cui X, Zhao S. An AgPd NP-based lateral flow immunoassay for simultaneous detection of glycocholic acid and alpha-fetoprotein. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1508-1514. [PMID: 38372146 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, ranking third in cancer deaths. Early diagnosis of HCC markers is imperative for effective prognosis and treatment. This study explores the utility of glycocholic acid (GCA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as biomarkers for liver diseases, with a specific focus on their simultaneous detection for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Harnessing the benefits of lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), such as operational simplicity, speed, and accuracy, we engineered AgPd nanocomposites with antibodies targeting GCA and AFP. Under the optimized conditions, the visual detection limit for GCA was established at 50 ng mL-1 and the cut-off value at 104 ng mL-1. And for AFP, the visual detection limit was 0.1 ng mL-1 and the cut-off value was 500 ng mL-1. The accuracy and feasibility of the strips were validated through the detection of 39 actual serum samples. The results highlight the potential of LFIA as a rapid and effective tool for clinical diagnosis. The developed LFIA method not only demonstrates accuracy and feasibility but also presents a promising avenue for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jinhui Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huanxin Xiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxia Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiping Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Lehnert T, Gijs MAM. Microfluidic systems for infectious disease diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1441-1493. [PMID: 38372324 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms, encompassing both uni- and multicellular entities, exhibit remarkable diversity as omnipresent life forms in nature. They play a pivotal role by supplying essential components for sustaining biological processes across diverse ecosystems, including higher host organisms. The complex interactions within the human gut microbiota are crucial for metabolic functions, immune responses, and biochemical signalling, particularly through the gut-brain axis. Viruses also play important roles in biological processes, for example by increasing genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer when replicating inside living cells. On the other hand, infection of the human body by microbiological agents may lead to severe physiological disorders and diseases. Infectious diseases pose a significant burden on global healthcare systems, characterized by substantial variations in the epidemiological landscape. Fast spreading antibiotic resistance or uncontrolled outbreaks of communicable diseases are major challenges at present. Furthermore, delivering field-proven point-of-care diagnostic tools to the most severely affected populations in low-resource settings is particularly important and challenging. New paradigms and technological approaches enabling rapid and informed disease management need to be implemented. In this respect, infectious disease diagnostics taking advantage of microfluidic systems combined with integrated biosensor-based pathogen detection offers a host of innovative and promising solutions. In this review, we aim to outline recent activities and progress in the development of microfluidic diagnostic tools. Our literature research mainly covers the last 5 years. We will follow a classification scheme based on the human body systems primarily involved at the clinical level or on specific pathogen transmission modes. Important diseases, such as tuberculosis and malaria, will be addressed more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehnert
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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18
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Wang W, Liu L, Zhu J, Xing Y, Jiao S, Wu Z. AI-Enhanced Visual-Spectral Synergy for Fast and Ultrasensitive Biodetection of Breast Cancer-Related miRNAs. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6266-6275. [PMID: 38252138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In biomedical testing, artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced analysis has gradually been applied to the diagnosis of certain diseases. This research employs AI algorithms to refine the precision of integrative detection, encompassing both visual results and fluorescence spectra from lateral flow assays (LFAs), which signal the presence of cancer-linked miRNAs. Specifically, the color shift of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is paired with the red fluorescence from nitrogen vacancy color centers (NV-centers) in fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) and is integrated into LFA strips. While GNPs amplify the fluorescence of FNDs, in turn, FNDs enhance the color intensity of GNPs. This reciprocal intensification of fluorescence and color can be synergistically augmented with AI algorithms, thereby improving the detection sensitivity for early diagnosis. Supported by the detection platform based on this strategy, the fastest detection results with a limit of detection (LOD) at the fM level and the R2 value of ∼0.9916 for miRNA can be obtained within 5 min. Meanwhile, by labeling the capture probes for miRNA-21 and miRNA-96 (both of which are early indicators of breast cancer) on separate T-lines, simultaneous detection of them can be achieved. The miRNA detection methods employed in this study may potentially be applied in the future for the early detection of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiong Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlong Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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19
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Schobesberger S, Thumfart H, Selinger F, Schlimp CJ, Zipperle J, Ertl P. Development of a Paper-based Hematocrit Test and a Lateral Flow Assay to Detect Critical Fibrinogen Concentrations Using a Bottom-Up Pyramid Workflow Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8533-8542. [PMID: 38405462 PMCID: PMC10882670 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor in human blood and the first one to reach critical levels in major bleeding. Hypofibrinogenemia (a too low fibrinogen concentration in blood) poses great challenges to first responders, clinicians, and healthcare providers since it represents a risk factor for exsanguination and massive transfusion requirements. Thus, the rapid assessment of the fibrinogen concentration at the point of care has gained considerable importance in preventing and managing major blood loss. However, in whole blood measurements, hematocrit variations affect the amount (volume fraction) of plasma that passes the detection zone. In an attempt to accurately determine realistic critical levels of fibrinogen (<1.5 mg/mL) in patients needing immediate treatment and medical interventions, we have developed novel diagnostic systems capable of estimating hematocrit and critical fibrinogen concentrations. A lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of fibrinogen has been developed by establishing a workflow employing rapid characterization methods to streamline LFA development. The integration of two detection lines enables (i) the identification of fibrinogen (first line) present in the sample and (ii) the determination of the clinically critical fibrinogen concentrations below 1.5 mg/mL (second line). Furthermore, the paper-based separation of blood cells from plasma provides a semiquantitative estimate of the hematocrit by analyzing the fractions. Initial validation of the point-of-care (PoC) hematocrit test revealed good comparability to a standard laboratory method. The developed diagnostic systems have the ability to accelerate decision-making in cases with major bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Thumfart
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Selinger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Schlimp
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, AUVA Trauma Center Linz, Garnisonstraße 7, 4010 Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes Zipperle
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Wang K, Liu X, Liang X, Jiang Y, Wen CY, Zeng J. Near-Infrared Responsive Ag@Au Nanoplates with Exceptional Stability for Highly Sensitive Colorimetric and Photothermal Dual-Mode Lateral Flow Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38317503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has played a vital role in point-of-care (POC) testing on account of its simplicity, rapidity, and low cost. However, the low sensitivity and difficulty of quantitation limit its further development. Sensitive markers with new detection modes are being developed to dramatically improve LFIA's performance. Herein, a ligand-complex approach was proposed to uniformly coat a thin layer of Au onto Ag triangular nanoplates (Ag TNPs) without etching the Ag cores, which not only retain the unique optical properties from Ag TNPs but also acquire the surface stability and biocompatibility of gold. The localized surface plasmon resonance absorption of these Ag@Au TNPs could be finely adjusted from visible (550 nm) to the second near-infrared region (NIR-II) (1100 nm), and even longer, by simply adjusting the ratio between edge length and thickness. Utilizing the Ag@Au TNPs as new markers for LFIA, a highly sensitive colorimetric and photothermal dual-mode detection of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein was achieved with a very low background. The Ag@Au TNPs showed an exceedingly high photothermal conversion efficiency of 61.4% (ca. 2 times higher than that of Au nanorods), endowing the LFIA method with a low photothermal detection limit (40 pg/mL), which was 25-fold lower than that of the colorimetric results. The generality of the method was further verified by the sensitive and accurate analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). This method is robust, reproducible, and highly specific and has been successfully applied to SARS-COV-2 detection in 35 clinical samples with satisfactory results, demonstrating its potential for POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhong Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Cong-Ying Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jingbin Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
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21
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Ma Z, Guo J, Jiang L, Zhao S. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for dengue diagnosis: Recent progress and prospect. Talanta 2024; 267:125268. [PMID: 37813013 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most widespread and fatal arboviral infections in the world. Early detection of dengue virus (DENV) is essential to prevent the spread of the disease and provide an immediate response. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) systems are low-cost, rapid, sensitive, targeted, and straightforward detection, which is an ideal early detection candidate for point-of-care testing (POCT) in dengue-affected areas. However, current commercial LFIA kits cannot fully satisfy the sensitivity, specificity, serotype differentiation, and multiplex detection requirements. Therefore, various strategies have been applied to optimize the LFIA for DENV detection, including label material improvement, optical enhancement and novel structure design. In this review, we comprehensively presented the snapshot of dengue, the principle of LFIA, and recent progress in the LFIA optimization for dengue diagnoses. Furthermore, this review also discusses insights into the prospect of LFIA dengue diagnostic methods, such as microfluidics, multiplex design, nucleic acid-typed probes and smartphone-assisted result analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jinnian Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Suqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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22
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Steijlen ASM, Parrilla M, Van Echelpoel R, De Wael K. Dual Microfluidic Sensor System for Enriched Electrochemical Profiling and Identification of Illicit Drugs On-Site. Anal Chem 2024; 96:590-598. [PMID: 38154077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a new analytical tool for illicit drug detection to facilitate ultrafast and accurate identification of suspicious compounds on-site. Drugs of abuse can be identified using their unique voltammetric fingerprint at a given pH. Today, the right buffer solution is manually selected based on drug appearance, and in some cases, a consecutive analysis in two different pH solutions is required. In this work, we present a disposable microfluidic multichannel sensor system that automatically records fingerprints in two pH solutions (e.g., pH 5 and pH 12). This system has two advantages. It will overcome the manual selection of a buffer solution at the right pH, decrease analysis time, and minimize the risk of human errors. Second, the combination of two fingerprints, the superfingerprint, contains more detailed information about the samples, which enhances the selectivity of the analytical technique. First, real-time pH measurements proved that the sample can be brought to the desired pH within a minute. Subsequently, an electrochemical study on the microfluidic platform with 1 mM illicit drug standards of MDMA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine showed that the characteristic voltammetric fingerprints and peak potentials are reproducible, also in the presence of common cutting agents. Finally, the microfluidic concept was validated with real confiscated samples, showing promising results for the user-friendly identification of drugs of abuse. In short, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept study of a multichannel microfluidic sensor system to enrich the fingerprints of illicit drugs at pH 5 and pH 12, thus providing a low-cost, portable, and rapid identification system of illicit drugs with minimal user intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarijn S M Steijlen
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Parrilla
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin Van Echelpoel
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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23
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Wang B, Peng T, Jiang Z, Xu J, Qu J, Dai X. Highly Sensitive and Quantitative Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay with an Atomic Magnetometer. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4512-4520. [PMID: 37985186 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a simple point-of-care method for detecting various analytes. However, the lack of test result precision and poor quantification are the main bottlenecks of LFIA. Although magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained prominence as potent labels in LIFA, the quantitative detection method for trace biomarkers remains to be improved. Here, we propose a promising real-time biosensing platform based on a highly sensitive atomic magnetometer to fulfill the quantitative detection of MNP-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assays. The strategy entails obtaining the residual flux density component spectrum by continuously and linearly scanning the trace MNP label and then resolving the magnetization and quantity from the spectrum. Moreover, we exploit the theoretical model of the magnetic dipole to verify the method's reliability. Regarding carcinoembryonic antigen detection, the atomic magnetometer exhibits a low detection limit of ∼0.01 ng mL-1 with a 100-fold enhancement factor compared to optical detection methods and a more straightforward mechanism than other magnetic detection approaches. Together, these results provide valuable insight for the potential application of atomic magnetometer quantum measurement techniques in intelligent diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jifeng Qu
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
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24
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Ma T, Peng L, Ran Q, Zeng Y, Liang F. Toward the Development of Simplified Lateral Flow Assays Using Hydrogels as the Universal Control Line. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5685-5694. [PMID: 38035477 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFA) have been widely utilized as point-of-care testing devices in diverse fields. However, it is imperative to preprint costly bioreceptors onto the lateral flow nitrocellulose membrane at the control line. The complex manufacturing process and relatively limited detection capabilities of LFA have impeded their utilization in more challenging fields. Here, we propose a novel and simple strategy to simplify the manufacture of LFA while simultaneously improving the sensitivity by modifying the hydrogel line (HL). In our study, it was observed that the sensitivity of commercial LFA strips could be enhanced by 2-5-fold by incorporating an extra HL. Particularly, a universal control line was developed to accommodate multiple LFA detection modes by substituting the conventional antibody control line with a hydrogel control line (HCL). As a proof of concept, the HCL performance could be associated with the slowdown and interception effect toward fluid, which are dependent on the permeation and hydrophilicity of the hydrogel with varying concentrations in the nitrocellulose membrane. This new design builds the foundation to enhance the sensitivity and develop the simplified LFA sensing platform without additional complicated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Linlin Peng
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Qinying Ran
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Feng Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
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25
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Lee S, Bi L, Chen H, Lin D, Mei R, Wu Y, Chen L, Joo SW, Choo J. Recent advances in point-of-care testing of COVID-19. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8500-8530. [PMID: 37999922 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Advances in microfluidic device miniaturization and system integration contribute to the development of portable, handheld, and smartphone-compatible devices. These advancements in diagnostics have the potential to revolutionize the approach to detect and respond to future pandemics. Accordingly, herein, recent advances in point-of-care testing (POCT) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using various microdevices, including lateral flow assay strips, vertical flow assay strips, microfluidic channels, and paper-based microfluidic devices, are reviewed. However, visual determination of the diagnostic results using only microdevices leads to many false-negative results due to the limited detection sensitivities of these devices. Several POCT systems comprising microdevices integrated with portable optical readers have been developed to address this issue. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, effective POCT strategies for COVID-19 based on optical detection methods have been established. They can be categorized into fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and wearable sensing. We introduced next-generation pandemic sensing methods incorporating artificial intelligence that can be used to meet global health needs in the future. Additionally, we have discussed appropriate responses of various testing devices to emerging infectious diseases and prospective preventive measures for the post-pandemic era. We believe that this review will be helpful for preparing for future infectious disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| | - Liyan Bi
- School of Special Education and Rehabilitation, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Dong Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Rongchao Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yixuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Lingxin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai 264003, China
- School of Pharmacy, Bianzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Sang-Woo Joo
- Department of Information Communication, Materials, and Chemistry Convergence Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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26
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Gupta R, Gupta P, Wang S, Melnykov A, Jiang Q, Seth A, Wang Z, Morrissey JJ, George I, Gandra S, Sinha P, Storch GA, Parikh BA, Genin GM, Singamaneni S. Ultrasensitive lateral-flow assays via plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1556-1570. [PMID: 36732621 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assays (LFAs) are rapid and inexpensive, yet they are nearly 1,000-fold less sensitive than laboratory-based tests. Here we show that plasmonically active antibody-conjugated fluorescent gold nanorods can make conventional LFAs ultrasensitive. With sample-to-answer times within 20 min, plasmonically enhanced LFAs read out via a standard benchtop fluorescence scanner attained about 30-fold improvements in dynamic range and in detection limits over 4-h-long gold-standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and achieved 95% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity for antibodies in plasma and for antigens in nasopharyngeal swabs from individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Comparable improvements in the assay's performance can also be achieved via an inexpensive portable scanner, as we show for the detection of interleukin-6 in human serum samples and of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Plasmonically enhanced LFAs outperform standard laboratory tests in sensitivity, speed, dynamic range, ease of use and cost, and may provide advantages in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sean Wang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Anushree Seth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Morrissey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ige George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sumanth Gandra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pratik Sinha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Clinical and Translational Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory A Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bijal A Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Guy M Genin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanoBiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Srikanth Singamaneni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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27
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Vealan K, Joseph N, Alimat S, Karumbati AS, Thilakavathy K. Lateral flow assay: a promising rapid point-of-care testing tool for infections and non-communicable diseases. ASIAN BIOMED 2023; 17:250-266. [PMID: 38161347 PMCID: PMC10754503 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2023-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The point-of-care testing (POCT) approach has established itself as having remarkable importance in diagnosing various infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The POCT approach has succeeded in meeting the current demand for having diagnostic strategies that can provide fast, sensitive, and highly accurate test results without involving complicated procedures. This has been accomplished by introducing rapid bioanalytical tools or biosensors such as lateral flow assays (LFAs). The production cost of these tools is very low, allowing developing countries with limited resources to utilize them or produce them on their own. Thus, their use has grown in various fields in recent years. More importantly, LFAs have created the possibility for a new era of incorporating nanotechnology in disease diagnosis and have already attained significant commercial success worldwide, making POCT an essential approach not just for now but also for the future. In this review, we have provided an overview of POCT and its evolution into the most promising rapid diagnostic approach. We also elaborate on LFAs with a special focus on nucleic acid LFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumaravel Vealan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
| | - Narcisse Joseph
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
| | - Sharizah Alimat
- Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Petaling Jaya46661, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anandi S. Karumbati
- Centre for Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore560065, India
| | - Karuppiah Thilakavathy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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28
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Sotnikov DV, Byzova NA, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Ability of Antibodies Immobilized on Gold Nanoparticles to Bind Small Antigen Fluorescein. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16967. [PMID: 38069289 PMCID: PMC10707089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The analytical applications of antibodies are often associated with their immobilization on different carriers, which is accompanied by a loss of antigen-binding activity for a sufficient proportion of the bound antibodies. In contrast to data on plain carriers, minimal data are available on the properties of antibodies on the surfaces of nanoparticles. Protein antigens have been predominantly investigated, for which space restrictions do not allow them to occupy all active sites of immobilized antibodies. This study considered a low-molecular-weight compound, fluorescein, as an antigen. Spherical gold nanoparticles with five different sizes, two differently charged forms of fluorescein, and three different levels of surface coverage by immobilized antibodies were tested. For gold nanoparticles with diameters from 14 to 35.5 nm with monolayers of immobilized antibodies, the percentage of molecules capable of binding carboxyfluorescein varied from 6% to 17%. The binding of aminofluorescein was more efficient; for gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 21 nm, the percentage of active binding sites for the immobilized antibodies reached 27% compared with 13% for the carboxyfluorescein case. A fourfold reduction in the coverage of the nanoparticles' surface compared with that of the monolayer did not lead to reliable changes in the percentage of active binding sites. The obtained data demonstrate that an antigen's binding to immobilized antibodies is limited even for small antigens and depends on the size of the nanoparticles and the electrostatic repulsion near their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V. Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia; (N.A.B.); (A.V.Z.); (B.B.D.)
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29
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Li T, Cheng N. Sensitive and Portable Signal Readout Strategies Boost Point-of-Care CRISPR/Cas12a Biosensors. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3988-4007. [PMID: 37870387 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) detection is getting more and more attention in many fields due to its accuracy and on-site test property. The CRISPR/Cas12a system is endowed with excellent sensitivity, target identification specificity, and signal amplification ability in biosensing because of its unique trans-cleavage ability. As a result, a lot of research has been made to develop CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensors. In this review, we focused on signal readout strategies and summarized recent sensitivity-improving strategies in fluorescence, colorimetric, and electrochemical signaling. Then we introduced novel portability-improving strategies based on lateral flow assays (LFAs), microfluidic chips, simplified instruments, and one-pot design. In the end, we also provide our outlook for the future development of CRISPR/Cas12a biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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30
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Lee S, Yoo YK, Han SI, Lee D, Cho SY, Park C, Lee D, Yoon DS, Lee JH. Advancing diagnostic efficacy using a computer vision-assisted lateral flow assay for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 detection. Analyst 2023; 148:6001-6010. [PMID: 37882491 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01189e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have emerged as indispensable tools for point-of-care testing during the pandemic era. However, the interpretation of results through unassisted visual inspection by untrained individuals poses inherent limitations. In our study, we propose a novel approach that combines computer vision (CV) and lightweight machine learning (ML) to overcome these limitations and significantly enhance the performance of LFAs. By incorporating CV-assisted analysis into the LFA assay, we achieved a remarkable three-fold improvement in analytical sensitivity for detecting Influenza A and for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The obtained R2 values reached approximately 0.95, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Moreover, the integration of CV techniques with LFAs resulted in a substantial amplification of the colorimetric signal specifically for COVID-19 positive patient samples. Our proposed approach, which incorporates a simple machine learning algorithm, provides substantial enhancements in assay sensitivity, improving diagnostic efficacy and accessibility of point-of-care testing without requiring significant additional resources. Moreover, the simplicity of the machine learning algorithm enables its standalone use on a mobile phone, further enhancing its practicality for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University, 24, Beomil-ro 579 beon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Il Han
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Lee
- CALTH Inc., Changeop-ro 54, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Cho
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongtak Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
- Astrion Inc., Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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du Plooy J, Jahed N, Iwuoha E, Pokpas K. Advances in paper-based electrochemical immunosensors: review of fabrication strategies and biomedical applications. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230940. [PMID: 38034121 PMCID: PMC10685120 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose paper-based sensing devices have shown promise in addressing the accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, analysis time and cost of current disease diagnostic tools owing to their excellent physical and physiochemical properties, high surface-area-to-volume ratio, strong adsorption capabilities, ease of chemical functionalization for immobilization, biodegradability, biocompatibility and liquid transport by simple capillary action. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field of electrochemical immunosensing for various diseases, particularly in underdeveloped regions and globally. It highlights the significant progress in fabrication techniques, fluid control, signal transduction and paper substrates, shedding light on their respective advantages and disadvantages. The primary objective of this review article is to compile recent advances in the field of electrochemical immunosensing for the early detection of diseases prevalent in underdeveloped regions and globally, including cancer biomarkers, bacteria, proteins and viruses. Herein, the critical need for new, simplistic early detection strategies to combat future disease outbreaks and prevent global pandemics is addressed. Moreover, recent advancements in fabrication techniques, including lithography, printing and electrodeposition as well as device orientation, substrate type and electrode modification, have highlighted their potential for enhancing sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarid du Plooy
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Nazeem Jahed
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Ren B, Wang Y, Chen H, Diao L, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Yin R, Wang Y. A Portable Nucleic Acid Sensor Based on PCR for Simple, Rapid, and Sensitive Testing of Botrytis cinerea in Ginseng. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3362-3369. [PMID: 37202217 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-1839-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a ubiquitous pathogen that can infect at least 200 dicotyledonous plant species including many agriculturally and economically important crops. In Ginseng, the fungus may cause ginseng gray mold disease, causing great economic losses in the ginseng industry. Therefore, the early detection of B. cinerea in the process of ginseng production is necessary for the disease prevention and control of the pathogen's spread. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction-nucleic acid sensor (PCR-NAS) rapid detection technique was established, and it can be used for field detection of B. cinerea through antipollution design and portable integration. The present study showed that the sensitivity of PCR-NAS technology is 10 times higher than that of traditional PCR-electrophoresis, and there is no need for expensive detection equipment or professional technicians. The detection results of nucleic acid sensors can be read by the naked eye in under 3 min. Meanwhile, the technique has high specificity for the detection of B. cinerea. The testing of 50 field samples showed that the detection results of PCR-NAS were consistent with those of the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. The PCR-NAS technique established in this study can be used as a novel nucleic acid field detection technique, and it has a potential application in the field detection of B. cinerea to achieve early warning of the pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bairu Ren
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Huijie Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Diao
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Laboratory for Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuoyuan Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Meiping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Rui Yin
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, Jilin, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Research Center Ginseng Genetic Resources Development and Utilization, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Laboratory for Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130118, China
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Moulahoum H, Ghorbanizamani F, Beduk T, Beduk D, Ozufuklar O, Guler Celik E, Timur S. Emerging trends in nanomaterial design for the development of point-of-care platforms and practical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115623. [PMID: 37542827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offer promising opportunities in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. POC platforms aim to provide rapid and portable diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities at the site of patient care, offering cost-effective solutions. Incorporating nanomaterials with distinct optical, electrical, and magnetic properties can revolutionize the POC industry, significantly enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of diagnostic and theragnostic devices. By leveraging nanoparticles and nanofibers in POC devices, nanomaterials have the potential to improve the accuracy and speed of diagnostic tests, making them more practical for POC settings. Technological advancements, such as smartphone integration, imagery instruments, and attachments, complement and expand the application scope of POCs, reducing invasiveness by enabling analysis of various matrices like saliva and breath. These integrated testing platforms facilitate procedures without compromising diagnosis quality. This review provides a summary of recent trends in POC technologies utilizing nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for analyzing disease biomarkers. It highlights advances in device development, nanomaterial design, and their applications in POC. Additionally, complementary tools used in POC and nanomaterials are discussed, followed by critical analysis of challenges and future directions for these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Faezeh Ghorbanizamani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon Austria Labs GmbH: Sensor Systems, Europastrasse 12, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Duygu Beduk
- Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozufuklar
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Suna Timur
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey; Central Research Testing and Analysis Laboratory Research and Application Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Huang Q, Yang H, Wang W, Zhang Y. Multi-target photothermal immunochromatography for simultaneous detection of three mycotoxins in foods. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341784. [PMID: 37827634 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycotoxin contaminated food poses a threat to human health. On-site detection of mycotoxin contamination is of significance to reduce the agricultural and food industries loss. Lateral flow immunochromatography (LFIC) as on-site detection method for mycotoxins has the advantages of low cost, easy to operate and short time-consuming. Of the various types of LFIC, photothermal LFIC possesses better sensitivity and stronger quantitative capability, but is unable to conduct synchronous multi-target analysis because that the laser can only activate one test area at a time. It was clear that a synchronous multi-target photothermal LFIC method was needed. RESULTS In this study, a photothermal LFIC method for the simultaneous detection of three mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN), was developed. We broadened the laser source with a beam expander and realized the irradiation and activation of three test zones simultaneously. In addition, the competitive photothermal LFIC was constructed by using Cu2-xSe-Au nanocomposites with excellent photothermal properties (η = 87.47%) as photothermal signal probes and thermal imager as photothermal signal collector. Under optimized experimental conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) were 73 ng L-1, 45 ng L-1 and 43 ng L-1 for DON, AFB1 and ZEN, respectively. The method had good linearity in three orders of magnitude and good specificity. The recoveries of the three mycotoxins in oat, cornmeal and millet samples ranged from 78.6% to 112.4%. SIGNIFICANCE Compared with previous studies, this method improved the sensitivity, broadened the linear range of detection without large equipment and realized synchronous multi-target analysis for DON, AFB1 and ZEN. We addressed a key limitation of photothermal LFIC by a simple way, facilitating the application of this technique in multi-target on-site detection in wider fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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35
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Sarathkumar E, Anjana RS, Jayasree RS. Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:988-1003. [PMID: 37822722 PMCID: PMC10562646 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are currently the most widely used point-of-care testing technique with remarkable advantages such as simple operation, rapid analysis, portability, and low cost. Traditionally, gold nanoparticles are employed as tracer element in LFAs due to their strong localised surface plasmon resonance. However, this conventional LFA technique based on colorimetric analysis is neither useful to determine critical analytes with desired sensitivity, nor can it quantify the analytes. Various signal amplification strategies have been proposed to improve the sensitivity and the quantitative determination of analytes using LFAs. One of the promising strategies is to enhance the photothermal properties of nanomaterials to generate heat after light irradiation, followed by a temperature measurement to detect and quantify the analyte concentration. Recently, it has been observed that the nanoscale architecture of materials, including size, shape, and nanoscale composition, plays a significant role in enhancing the photothermal properties of nanomaterials. In this review, we discuss the nanoarchitectonics of nanomaterials regarding enhanced photothermal properties and their application in LFAs. Initially, we discuss various important photothermal materials and their classification along with their working principle. Then, we highlight important aspects of the nanoscale architecture (i.e., size, shape, and composition) to enable maximum light-to-heat conversion efficiency. Finally, we discuss some of the recent advances in photothermal LFAs and their application in detecting analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elangovan Sarathkumar
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-695012, Kerala, India
| | - Rajasekharan S Anjana
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-695012, Kerala, India
| | - Ramapurath S Jayasree
- Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-695012, Kerala, India
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Perju A, Holzhausen F, Lauerer AM, Wongkaew N, Baeumner AJ. Flow-Through Carbon Nanofiber-Based Transducer for Inline Electrochemical Detection in Paper-Based Analytical Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44641-44653. [PMID: 37704205 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care (POC) devices are rapid, simple, portable, inexpensive, and convenient, but typically they only deliver qualitative results when used in the form of a lateral flow assay (LFA). Electrochemical detection could improve their sensitivity and ensure quantitative detection; however, a breakthrough in material-based technology is needed. We demonstrate a new concept in which electrodes are directly embedded within the lateral flow, enabling flow-through and hence interaction with the entire sample. This is accomplished through laser-induced carbon nanofibers (LCNFs) made by electrospinning Matrimid into nanofiber mats with subsequent pyrolyzing of electrode structures through a CO2 laser. Their highly porous 3D structure and superior graphene-like electrochemical properties are ideally suited for flow-through electrochemical LFA (EC-LFA), where the LCNFs are simply added in line with the other membranes. After optimization of the setup, biological binding assays typical for LFA diagnostics were successfully implemented, enabling the highly sensitive and quantitative detection of 137 pM DNA target sequences of a pathogenic organism that rivals the performance of pump-controlled microfluidic bioassays. This demonstrates that LCNF-based transducers can transform paper-based diagnostic tests to enable precise, quantitative analysis without reliance on cost-intensive read-out systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Perju
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Holzhausen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Lauerer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nongnoot Wongkaew
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antje J Baeumner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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37
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Preechakasedkit P, Panphut W, Lomae A, Wonsawat W, Citterio D, Ruecha N. Dual Colorimetric/Electrochemical Detection of Salmonella typhimurium Using a Laser-Induced Graphene Integrated Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13904-13912. [PMID: 37638540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses caused by the ingestion of contaminated foods or beverages are a serious concern due to the millions of reported cases per year. It is essential to develop sensitive and rapid detection methods of foodborne pathogens to ensure food safety for producers and consumers. Unfortunately, current detection techniques still suffer from time-consuming operations and the need for highly skilled personnel. Here, we introduce a highly sensitive dual colorimetric/electrochemical detection approach for Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (S. typhimurium) based on a laser-induced graphene-integrated lateral flow immunoassay (LIG-LFIA) strip. The LIG electrode was fabricated by laser engraving on a polyimide tape containing a pseudo silver/silver chloride reference electrode from silver sintering and chlorination. Using double-sided tape inserted into the strip, automatic sequential reagent delivery was enabled for the dual-mode signal readout by single-sample loading. A gold-deposited gold nanoparticle strategy was first employed to simultaneously obtain a colorimetric signal for early screening and a signal turn-on electrochemical response for high-sensitivity and -quantitative analysis. A superior performance of the strip was established, characterized by a short analysis time (12 min assay +15 min sample preparation), a broad working concentration range (1 cfu/10 mL to 108 cfu/mL), and the lowest limit of detection (1 ± 0.5 cfu/10 mL; mean ± standard deviation, n = 3) among reported multimode S. typhimurium detection schemes. The strip was successfully applied in the analysis of various food products without any bacterial enrichment or amplification required, and the results were comparable to those of the standard culture method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattarachaya Preechakasedkit
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wattana Panphut
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Nok Street, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Atchara Lomae
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Wonsawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Nok Street, Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula 12, Phayathai Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Hu X, Li H, Yang J, Wen X, Wang S, Pan M. Nanoscale Materials Applying for the Detection of Mycotoxins in Foods. Foods 2023; 12:3448. [PMID: 37761156 PMCID: PMC10528894 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace amounts of mycotoxins in food matrices have caused a very serious problem of food safety and have attracted widespread attention. Developing accurate, sensitive, rapid mycotoxin detection and control strategies adapted to the complex matrices of food is crucial for in safeguarding public health. With the continuous development of nanotechnology and materials science, various nanoscale materials have been developed for the purification of complex food matrices or for providing response signals to achieve the accurate and rapid detection of various mycotoxins in food products. This article reviews and summarizes recent research (from 2018 to 2023) on new strategies and methods for the accurate or rapid detection of mold toxins in food samples using nanoscale materials. It places particular emphasis on outlining the characteristics of various nanoscale or nanostructural materials and their roles in the process of detecting mycotoxins. The aim of this paper is to promote the in-depth research and application of various nanoscale or structured materials and to provide guidance and reference for the development of strategies for the detection and control of mycotoxin contamination in complex matrices of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Huilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xintao Wen
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mingfei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health of Tianjin, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (J.Y.); (X.W.); (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Dey MK, Iftesum M, Devireddy R, Gartia MR. New technologies and reagents in lateral flow assay (LFA) designs for enhancing accuracy and sensitivity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4351-4376. [PMID: 37615701 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00844d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a popular method for quick and affordable diagnostic testing because they are easy to use, portable, and user-friendly. However, LFA design has always faced challenges regarding sensitivity, accuracy, and complexity of the operation. By integrating new technologies and reagents, the sensitivity and accuracy of LFAs can be improved while minimizing the complexity and potential for false positives. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), photoacoustic techniques, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and the integration of smartphones and thermal readers can improve LFA accuracy and sensitivity. To ensure reliable and accurate results, careful assay design and validation, appropriate controls, and optimization of assay conditions are necessary. Continued innovation in LFA technology is crucial to improving the reliability and accuracy of rapid diagnostic testing and expanding its applications to various areas, such as food testing, water quality monitoring, and environmental testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Dey
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Maria Iftesum
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Ram Devireddy
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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40
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Mousseau F, Féraudet Tarisse C, Simon S, Gacoin T, Alexandrou A, Bouzigues CI. Multititration: The New Method for Implementing Ultrasensitive and Quantitative Multiplexed In-Field Immunoassays Despite Cross-Reactivity? Anal Chem 2023; 95:13509-13518. [PMID: 37639578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The accurate in-field titration of multiple pathogens is essential to efficiently describe and monitor environmental or biological contamination, isolate, act, and treat adequately. This underscores the requirement of portable, fast, quantitative, and multiplexed detection technologies, which, however, have not been properly developed so far, notably because it has been hindered by the phenomenon of cross-reactivity. In this work, we proposed a new analytical method based on the imaging through a portable device of lanthanide-based nanoparticles (YVO4:Eu) for spatially multiplexed detection, relying on a multiparameter analysis, i.e., a simultaneous analysis of all of the luminescence signals through the comparison to a calibration surface built in the presence of multiple analytes of interest. We then demonstrated the possibility to simultaneously quantify by multiplexed lateral flow assay (xLFA) the three enterotoxins SEG, SEH, and SEI in unknown mixtures, over two concentration decades (from a dozen of pg·mL-1 to few ng·mL-1). Assays were performed in less than an hour (25 min of strip migration followed by 30 min of drying at room temperature), the time during which the presence of the operator was not required for more than 5 min, in order to dip the strip and have it imaged by the reader. The concepts of nominal concentration recovery, coefficient of variation (CV), limit of blank (LOB), and limit of detection (LOD) were discussed in detail in the context of multiplexed assays. With our new definitions, quantitative results demonstrated a high recovery of the nominal concentrations (115%), reliability (CV = 20%), and sensitivity (LOBs of 3, 27, and 6 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI respectively, and LODs of 6, 48, and 11 pg·mL-1 for SEG, SEH, and SEI, respectively). Based on this method, we observed an increase in sensitivity of 100 compared to the other multiplexed LFA labeled with gold particles and we approached the sensitivity of the simplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) performed with the same capture and detection antibodies. To conclude, our results, which are applicable to virtually any kind of multiplexed test, pave the way to the next generation of in-field analytical immunoassays by providing fast, quantitative, and highly sensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers or pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mousseau
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Féraudet Tarisse
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Simon
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cédric Ismael Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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41
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Toldrà A, Chondrogiannis G, Hamedi MM. A 3D paper microfluidic device for enzyme-linked assays: Application to DNA analysis. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300143. [PMID: 37222181 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A paper microfluidic device capable of conducting enzyme-linked assays is presented: a microfluidic enzyme-linked paper analytical device (μEL-PAD). The system exploits a wash-free sandwich coupling to form beads/analyte/enzyme complexes, which are subsequently added to the vertical flow device composed of wax-printed paper, waxed nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent/barrier layers. The nitrocellulose retains the bead complexes without disrupting the flow, enabling for an efficient washing step. The entrapped complexes then interact with the chromogenic substrate stored on the detection paper, generating a color change on it, quantified with an open-source smartphone software. This is a universal paper-based technology suitable for high-sensitivity quantification of many analytes, such as proteins or nucleic acids, with different enzyme-linked formats. Here, the potential of the μEL-PAD is demonstrated to detect DNA from Staphylococcus epidermidis. After generation of isothermally amplified genomic DNA from bacteria, Biotin/FITC-labeled products were analyzed with the μEL-PAD, exploiting streptavidin-coated beads and antiFITC-horseradish peroxidase. The μEL-PAD achieved a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification <10 genome copies/μL, these being at least 70- and 1000-fold lower, respectively, than a traditional lateral flow assay (LFA) exploiting immobilized streptavidin and antiFITC-gold nanoparticles. It is envisaged that the device will be a good option for low-cost, simple, quantitative, and sensitive paper-based point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toldrà
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios Chondrogiannis
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahiar M Hamedi
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Shen Q, Fang C, Serpe MJ. Microgel-based etalon immunoassay for IgG detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5645-5656. [PMID: 37421438 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04834-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
We developed an immunoassay for mouse immunoglobulin (IgG) quantitation using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-co-AAc) microgel-based etalon devices. To achieve this, a biotinylated primary antibody specific to mouse IgG was immobilized on the top Au layer of an etalon device via its interaction with a streptavidin-modified etalon surface. Mouse IgG captured on the etalon surface from the solution was quantified using an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody. HRP catalyzed the oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol (4CN) to form insoluble 4-chloro-1-naphthon (4CNP), resulting in a concentration change of 4CN in solution. The etalon was able to detect the 4CN concentration change by monitoring the extent of the etalon's reflectance peak shift, which allows the quantitation of mouse IgG. The etalon-based assay can detect mouse IgG down to 0.018 nM with a linear range of 0.02-5 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Changhao Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Serpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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43
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Chen YC, Syu YH, Huang JY, Lin CY, Chan YH. Hybrid polymer dot-magnetic nanoparticle based immunoassay for dual-mode multiplexed detection of two mycotoxins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9968-9971. [PMID: 37501643 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We designed polymer dot-magnetic nanoparticle nanohybrids for signal enhancement in a test strip platform. Besides, the multicolor emissions of the Pdots embed multiplexing ability for this test strip. Two mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone, were tested with the determined limits of detection of 2.15 ng mL-1 and 4.87 ng mL-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Han Syu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Jhen-Yan Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
| | - Yang-Hsiang Chan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan.
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
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44
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Song J, Zhang L, Zeng L, Xu X. Visualized Lateral Flow Assay for Dual Viral RNA Fragment Detection. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37463852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
In this technical note, we report an easy-to-produce, reverse-transcription-free, and protein-enzyme-free lateral flow assay for detection of viral RNA fragments by taking SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab and N as target models. Catalytic hairpin assembly is utilized for dual RNA fragment orthogonal reaction to generate copious amounts of opened hairpin duplexes, which bridge DNA-modified gold nanoparticles and capture strands on the strip to induce coloration. The dual RNA fragments are simultaneously visualized during one time of sample flow, and single-base-mismatched nontarget sequences can be differentiated. The test strip can be flexibly adapted to detect evolutional SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Delta and Omicron. It also shows potential in visually detecting long-sequence virus simulants and achieves a sensitivity comparable to that of RT-qPCR by incorporation with upstream sample amplification. The lateral flow assay should offer a convenient and reliable technique for viral nucleic acid detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liangwen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Luhao Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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45
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Zhao Y, Sang J, Fu Y, Guo J, Guo J. Magnetic nanoprobe-enabled lateral flow assays: recent advances. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37365935 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00044c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic nanoparticle sensor technologies have attracted considerable interest in the point-of-care-testing (POCT) field, especially in lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs). Although the visual signal of magnetic nanoparticles is reduced during an inspection, it can be compensated for by magnetic induction, and detection results can be quantified by magnetic sensors. Sensors that use magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as markers can overcome the high background noise of complex samples. In this study, MNP signal detection strategies are described from the perspectives of magnetoresistance, magnetic flux, frequency mixing technology, and magnetic permeability, and the principles and development of each technology are introduced in detail. Typical applications of magnetic nanoparticle sensor technologies are introduced. By describing the advantages and limitations of different sensing strategies, we highlight the development and improvement directions of different sensing strategies. In general, the future development of magnetic nanoparticle sensor technologies will be toward intelligent, convenient, and mobile high-performance detection equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Sang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yusheng Fu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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46
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Jiang H, Lv X, Li A, Peng Z, Deng Y, Li X. A dual-labeled fluorescence quenching lateral flow assay based on one-pot enzyme-free isothermal cascade amplification for the rapid and sensitive detection of pathogens. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [PMID: 37203352 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rapid detection of nucleic acids is integral for clinical diagnostics, especially if a major public-health emergency occurs. However, such detection cannot be carried out efficiently in remote areas limited by medical resources. Herein, a dual-labeled fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) lateral flow assay (LFA) based on one-pot enzyme-free cascade amplification was developed for rapid, convenient, and sensitive detection of open reading frame (ORF)1ab of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2. The catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction of two well-designed hairpin probes was initiated by a target sequence and generated a hybridization chain reaction (HCR) initiator. Then, HCR probes modified with biotin were initiated to produce long DNA nanowires. After two-level amplification, the cascade-amplified product was detected by dual-labeled lateral flow strips. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-streptavidin combined with the product and then ran along a nitrocellulose membrane under the action of capillary force. After binding with fluorescent microsphere-labeled-specific probes on the T line, a positive signal (red color) could be observed. Meanwhile, AuNPs could quench the fluorescence of the T line, and an inverse relationship between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of the CHA-HCR-amplified product was formed. The proposed strategy achieved a satisfactory limit of detection of 2.46 pM for colorimetric detection and 174 fM for fluorescent detection, respectively. Benefitting from the features of being one-pot, enzyme-free, low background, high sensitivity, and selectivity, this strategy shows great potential in bioanalysis and clinical diagnostics upon further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xuefei Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Anyi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhao Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yulin Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoqiong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Separation and Analysis in Biomedicine and Pharmaceuticals, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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47
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Liu H, Ji F, Ding SN. Carbon black as a colorimetric label for an immunochromatographic test strip for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus detection. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37194303 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00515a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To combat the ongoing threat posed by severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), especially in underserved areas, there is an urgent need for an affordable and reliable point-of-care diagnostic tool. This study presents a carbon black-based immunochromatographic test strip (CB-ICTS) for the detection of SFTSV, which is both quick and easy to operate. The study optimized the specific steps for carbon black-labeled antibodies, as well as the amount of carbon black and anti-SFTSV antibody used. Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range and limit of detection of the CB-ICTS were evaluated using different concentrations of SFTSV standard samples. The detection range of the CB-ICTS for SFTSV was found to be 0.1-1000 ng mL-1, with a limit of detection of 100 pg mL-1. The precision and accuracy of the CB-ICTS were assessed by examining spiked healthy human serum samples, which displayed recoveries ranging from 91.58 to 105.4% with a coefficient of variation of less than 11%. This work evaluated the specificity of the CB-ICTS using various biomarkers (CA125, AFP, CA199, CEA, and HCG) and demonstrated that the CB-ICTS is highly specific for detecting SFTSV, suggesting its potential for the early diagnosis of SFTSV. In addition, the study evaluated the CB-ICTS in serum samples from patients with SFTSV, and the results were highly consistent with those detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of using the CB-ICTS as a reliable point-of-care diagnostic tool for the early detection of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Ji
- Jiangsu King's Luck Brewery Joint-Stock Co., Ltd, Lianshui 223411, China
| | - Shou-Nian Ding
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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48
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Cheng J, Huang J, Xiang Q, Dong H. Hollow microneedle microfluidic paper-based chip for biomolecules rapid sampling and detection in interstitial fluid. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1255:341101. [PMID: 37032050 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial fluid (ISF) contains rich bioinformation for disease diagnosis and healthcare monitoring. However, the efficient sampling and detection of the biomolecules in ISF is still challenging. Herein, we develop a facile but versatile ISF analysis platform by combining controllable hollow microneedles (HMNs) and elaborate microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs). The HMNs and μPADs was fixed in a bottom PDMS layer. A top PDMS layer containing a cylindrical cavity to produce negative pressure for sampling was packaged on the bottom PDMS layer. The HMNs enable efficient and swift sampling of sufficient ISF to the μPADs through one-touch finger operation without extra manipulations. The μPADs realized to simultaneously detect glucose and lactic acid in the detection area to produce chromogenic agents and analyzed by the self-programed RGB application (APP) in smartphones. The HMN microfluidic paper-based chip provides a point-of-care platform for accurate detection of biomolecules in ISF, holding great promise in the development of wearable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Cheng
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jinkun Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China.
| | - Haifeng Dong
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nano-Biosensing Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China.
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49
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Sotnikov DV, Barshevskaya LV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Enhanced Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Double Competition and Two Kinds of Nanoparticles Conjugates for Control of Insecticide Imidacloprid in Honey. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050525. [PMID: 37232886 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Finding optimal conditions for competitive lateral flow immunoassay is a controversial task. The content of specific antibodies labeled by nanoparticles should be simultaneously high to reach intense signals and low to register an influence on the signals for minimal concentrations of the target analyte. We propose to use two kinds of complexes of gold nanoparticles in the assay, with antigen-protein conjugates and with specific antibodies. The first complex interacts both with immobilized antibodies in the test zone and with antibodies on the surface of the second complex. In this assay, the coloration is enhanced by the binding of two-colored preparations in the test zone, whereas the antigen in the sample inhibits both the binding of the first conjugate with the immobilized antibodies and with the second conjugate. This approach is realized for the detection of insecticide imidacloprid (IMD), an important toxic contaminant connected with the recent global death of bees. The proposed technique expands the working range of the assay, that is, in accordance with its theoretical analysis. The reliable change of coloration intensity is achieved for a 2.3-times-lower concentration of the analyte. The limit of IMD detection is 0.13 ng/mL for tested solutions and 1.2 µg/kg for initial honey samples. The combination of two conjugates doubles the coloration in the absence of the analyte. The developed lateral flow immunoassay is applicable for five-fold-diluted honey samples without extraction, does not require additional stages (all reagents are pre-applied to the test strip), and is implemented in 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Sotnikov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov V Barshevskaya
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Zherdev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris B Dzantiev
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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50
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Bonart H, Gebhard F, Hecht L, Roy T, Liebchen B, Hardt S. Detecting Isotachophoresis Zones Hidden in Noise Using Signal Processing. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7575-7583. [PMID: 37133530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lowering the limit of detection in chemical or biochemical analysis is key to extending the application scope of sensing schemes. Usually, this is related to an increased instrumentation effort, which in turn precludes many commercial applications. We demonstrate that the signal-to-noise ratio of isotachophoresis-based microfluidic sensing schemes can be substantially increased merely by postprocessing of recorded signals. This becomes possible by exploiting knowledge about the physics of the underlying measurement process. The implementation of our method is based on microfluidic isotachophoresis and fluorescence detection, for which we take advantage of the physics of electrophoretic sample transport and the structure of noise in the imaging process. We demonstrate that by processing only 200 images, the detectable concentration, compared to the detection from a single image, is already lowered by 2 orders of magnitude without any additional instrumentation effort. Furthermore, we show that the signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to the square root of the number of fluorescence images, which leaves room for further lowering of the detection limit. In the future, our results could be relevant for various applications where the detection of minute sample amounts plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Bonart
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Center for Computational Engineering, Dolivostraße 15, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Gebhard
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lukas Hecht
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tamal Roy
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Benno Liebchen
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Physics, Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Hardt
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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