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Huang Q, Chen J, Zhao Y, Huang J, Liu H. Advancements in electrochemical glucose sensors. Talanta 2024; 281:126897. [PMID: 39293246 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of electrochemical glucose sensors with high sensitivity, specificity, and stability, enabling real-time continuous monitoring, has posed a significant challenge. However, an opportunity exists to fabricate electrochemical glucose biosensors with optimal performance through innovative device structures and surface modification materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in electrochemical glucose sensors. Novel classes of nanomaterials-including metal nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, and metal-organic frameworks-with excellent electronic conductivity and high specific surface areas, have increased the availability of reactive sites to improved contact with glucose molecules. Furthermore, in line with the trend in electrochemical glucose sensor development, research progress concerning their utilisation with sweat, tears, saliva, and interstitial fluid is described. To facilitate the commercialisation of these sensors, further enhancements in biocompatibility and stability are required. Finally, the characteristics of the ideal electrochemical glucose sensor are described and the developmental trends in this field are outlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Yunong Zhao
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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2
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Xu K, Cai Z, Luo H, Lu Y, Ding C, Yang G, Wang L, Kuang C, Liu J, Yang H. Toward Integrated Multifunctional Laser-Induced Graphene-Based Skin-Like Flexible Sensor Systems. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39288275 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c09062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The burgeoning demands for health care and human-machine interfaces call for the next generation of multifunctional integrated sensor systems with facile fabrication processes and reliable performances. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) with highly tunable physical and chemical characteristics plays vital roles in developing versatile skin-like flexible or stretchable sensor systems. This Progress Report presents an in-depth overview of the latest advances in LIG-based techniques in the applications of flexible sensors. First, the merits of the LIG technique are highlighted especially as the building blocks for flexible sensors, followed by the description of various fabrication methods of LIG and its variants. Then, the focus is moved to diverse LIG-based flexible sensors, including physical sensors, chemical sensors, and electrophysiological sensors. Mechanisms and advantages of LIG in these scenarios are described in detail. Furthermore, various representative paradigms of integrated LIG-based sensor systems are presented to show the capabilities of LIG technique for multipurpose applications. The signal cross-talk issues are discussed with possible strategies. The LIG technology with versatile functionalities coupled with other fabrication strategies will enable high-performance integrated sensor systems for next-generation skin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zimo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Huayu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chenliang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Geng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power & Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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Rahman MM, Sarkar B, Rahman MT, Jin GJ, Uddin MJ, Bhuiyan NH, Shim JS. Development of a highly sensitive CNT-metal graphene hybrid nano-IDA electrochemical biosensor for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Biomater Sci 2024. [PMID: 39240173 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The blood-based detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is becoming challenging since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the direct circulation of AD molecules in the blood, thereby precluding the detection of AD at an early-stage. Herein, we report the development of a novel CNT-metal-porous graphene hybrid (CNT-MGH) nano-interdigitated array (n-IDA) electrochemical 8-well biosensor for the successful early-stage diagnosis of AD from blood. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has been used to fabricate the proposed CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor. Firstly, the electrochemical characterization (i.e., electrode gap, material composition, etc.) of the proposed sensor was demonstrated by measuring p-aminophenol (PAP) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 picomole. Subsequently, the CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor was then used to diagnose AD via novel blood biomarkers p-Tau 217 and p-Tau 181 using an electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e-ELISA) enzyme by-product PAP. During e-ELISA, the alkaline phosphatase enzyme (IgG-AP) tagged to the detection antibody produced an electroactive ELISA by-product PAP by reacting with the enzyme-substrate 4-aminophenyl phosphate (PAPP). Finally, the CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor was then used to measure the current generated by the redox reaction via the e-ELISA by-product PAP. While quantified, the proposed CNT-MGH n-IDA 8-well sensor successfully detected p-Tau 217 and p-Tau 181 proteins in blood with LODs of 0.16 pg ml-1 and 0.08 pg ml-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahabubur Rahman
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bappa Sarkar
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Md Tareq Rahman
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyeong J Jin
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - M Jalal Uddin
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
- Nano Genesis Inc., 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Nabil H Bhuiyan
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon S Shim
- Bio IT Convergence Laboratory, Department of Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kwang-woon University, 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
- Nano Genesis Inc., 20 Kwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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Zhao Y, Parlak Z, Yu W, French D, Aquino W, Zauscher S. Microfluidic QCM enables ultrahigh Q-factor: a new paradigm for in-liquid gravimetric sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:116. [PMID: 39187521 PMCID: PMC11347674 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity, robustness, and low cost. However, a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor (Q-factor), which limits their sensitivity and accuracy. To mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric sensors. To implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as our model system, owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic sensors. We postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the width of the microfluidic channels and the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls driven by the QCM. Our hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis (FEA) and dimensional studies, which revealed two key factors that affect device performance: (1) the ratio of the channel width to the pressure wavelength ( W / λ p ) and (2) the ratio of the channel height to the shear evanescent wavelength ( H / λ s ). To validate our hypothesis, we fabricated a microfluidic QCM (µ-QCM) and demonstrated a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional QCM. The novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages, such as direct data interpretation, reduced volume requirement for sample liquids, and simplified temperature control, augmenting the sensor's overall performance. By fostering increased sensitivity, accuracy, and ease of operation, our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric technologies, potentially for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zehra Parlak
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Qatch Technologies, LLC., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel French
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Qatch Technologies, LLC., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wilkins Aquino
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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Ma L, Hou W, Ji Z, Sun Z, Li M, Lian B. Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Sweat-Based Potassium Ion and Glucose Detection in Exercise Health Monitoring. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300217. [PMID: 38441499 PMCID: PMC11319218 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of wearable devices has sparked a growing interest in real-time health monitoring and physiological parameter tracking. This study focuses on the development of a cost-effective sweat analysis device, utilizing microfluidic technology and selective electrochemical electrodes for non-invasive monitoring of glucose and potassium ions. The device, through real-time monitoring of glucose and potassium ion levels in sweat during physical activity, issues a warning signal when reaching experimentally set thresholds (K+ concentration at 7.5 mM, glucose concentrations at 60 μM and 120 μM). This alerts users to potential dehydration and hypoglycemic conditions. Through the integration of microfluidic devices and precise electrochemical analysis techniques, the device enables accurate and real-time monitoring of glucose and potassium ions in sweat. This advancement in wearable technology holds significant potential for personalized health management and preventive care, promoting overall well-being, and optimizing performance during physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department School of Information Science and TechnologyNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
| | - Wenhao Hou
- Department School of Information Science and TechnologyNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
| | - Zhi Ji
- Department School of Information Science and TechnologyNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
| | - Ziheng Sun
- Department School of Information Science and TechnologyNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
| | - Muxi Li
- Department School of Information Science and TechnologyNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
| | - Bolin Lian
- Department School of Life scienceNantong University 9#Seyuan road, Chongchuan districtNantongChina
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Ma Z, Wang W, Xiong Y, Long Y, Shao Q, Wu L, Wang J, Tian P, Khan AU, Yang W, Dong Y, Yin H, Tang H, Dai J, Tahir M, Liu X, He L. Carbon Micro/Nano Machining toward Miniaturized Device: Structural Engineering, Large-Scale Fabrication, and Performance Optimization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400179. [PMID: 39031523 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of micro/nano machining, there is an elevated demand for high-performance microdevices with high reliability and low cost. Due to their outstanding electrochemical, optical, electrical, and mechanical performance, carbon materials are extensively utilized in constructing microdevices for energy storage, sensing, and optoelectronics. Carbon micro/nano machining is fundamental in carbon-based intelligent microelectronics, multifunctional integrated microsystems, high-reliability portable/wearable consumer electronics, and portable medical diagnostic systems. Despite numerous reviews on carbon materials, a comprehensive overview is lacking that systematically encapsulates the development of high-performance microdevices based on carbon micro/nano structures, from structural design to manufacturing strategies and specific applications. This review focuses on the latest progress in carbon micro/nano machining toward miniaturized device, including structural engineering, large-scale fabrication, and performance optimization. Especially, the review targets an in-depth evaluation of carbon-based micro energy storage devices, microsensors, microactuators, miniaturized photoresponsive and electromagnetic interference shielding devices. Moreover, it highlights the challenges and opportunities in the large-scale manufacturing of carbon-based microdevices, aiming to spark further exciting research directions and application prospectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Xiong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Long
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Leixin Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Arif Ullah Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hongbo Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liang He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- Med+X Center for Manufacturing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin R&D Park of Sichuan University, Yibin, 644005, P. R. China
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Guo X, Li Y, Li L, Pan L. Recent Advances in Conductive Polymers-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1597. [PMID: 38891543 PMCID: PMC11174834 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors play a pivotal role in various fields, such as biomedicine and environmental detection, due to their exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, stability, rapid response time, user-friendly operation, and ease of miniaturization and integration. In addition to the research conducted in the application field, significant focus is placed on the selection and optimization of electrode interface materials for electrochemical sensors. The detection performance of these sensors can be significantly enhanced by modifying the interface of either inorganic metal electrodes or printed electrodes. Among numerous available modification materials, conductive polymers (CPs) possess not only excellent conductivity exhibited by inorganic conductors but also unique three-dimensional structural characteristics inherent to polymers. This distinctive combination allows CPs to increase active sites during the detection process while providing channels for rapid ion transmission and facilitating efficient electron transfer during reaction processes. This review article primarily highlights recent research progress concerning CPs as an ideal choice for modifying electrochemical sensors owing to their remarkable features that make them well-suited for biomedical and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youheng Pan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yarou Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Sun Y, Xu H, Zhou D, Xia C, Liu W, Cui A, Wang Z, Zheng W, Shan G, Huang J, Wang X. A Portable Integrated Electrochemical Sensing System for On-Site Nitrite Detection in Food. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309357. [PMID: 38102797 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ensuring an appropriate nitrite level in food is essential to keep the body healthy. However, it still remains a huge challenge to offer a portable and low-cost on-site food nitrite analysis without any expensive equipment. Herein, a portable integrated electrochemical sensing system (IESS) is developed to achieve rapid on-site nitrite detection in food, which is composed of a low-cost disposable microfluidic electrochemical patch for few-shot nitrite detection, and a reusable smartphone-assisted electronic device based on self-designed circuit board for signal processing and wireless transmission. The electrochemical patch based on MXene-Ti3C2Tx/multiwalled carbon nanotubes-cyanocobalamin (MXene/MWCNTs-VB12)-modified working electrode achieves high sensitivity of 10.533 µA mm-1 and low nitrite detection limit of 4.22 µm owing to strong electron transfer ability of hybrid MXene/MWCNTs conductive matrix and high nitrite selectivity of VB12 bionic enzyme-based ion-selective layer. Moreover, the portable IESS can rapidly collect pending testing samples through a microfluidic electrochemical patch within 1.0 s to conduct immediate nitrite analysis, and then wirelessly transmit data from a signal-processing electronic device to a smartphone via Bluetooth module. Consequently, this proposed portable IESS demonstrates rapid on-site nitrite analysis and wireless data transmission within one palm-sized electronic device, which would pave a new avenue in food safety and personal bespoke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hanwen Xu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Daqi Zhou
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Chenyu Xia
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wenquan Liu
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Anni Cui
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guiye Shan
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jipeng Huang
- School of Physics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
- School of Information and Artificial Intelligence, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Zhang Z, Huang L, Chen Y, Qiu Z, Meng X, Li Y. Portable glucose sensing analysis based on laser-induced graphene composite electrode. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1034-1050. [PMID: 38174264 PMCID: PMC10759202 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06947h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a portable electrochemical glucose sensor was studied based on a laser-induced graphene (LIG) composite electrode. A flexible graphene electrode was prepared using LIG technology. Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were deposited on the electrode surface by potentiostatic deposition to obtain a composite electrode with good conductivity and stability. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was then immobilized using glutaraldehyde (GA) to create an LIG/PEDOT/Au/GOx micro-sensing interface. The concentration of glucose solution is directly related to the current value by chronoamperometry. Results show that the sensor based on the LIG/PEDOT/Au/GOx flexible electrode can detect glucose solutions within a concentration range of 0.5 × 10-5 to 2.5 × 10-3 mol L-1. The modified LIG electrode provides the resulting glucose sensor with an excellent sensitivity of 341.67 μA mM-1 cm-2 and an ultra-low limit of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.2 × 10-5 mol L-1. The prepared sensor exhibits high sensitivity, stability, and selectivity, making it suitable for analyzing biological fluid samples. The composite electrode is user-friendly, and can be built into a portable biosensor device through smartphone detection. Thus, the developed sensor has the potential to be applied in point-of-care platforms such as environmental monitoring, public health, and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokang Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yiting Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Zhenli Qiu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xiangying Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University Weifang 261053 China
| | - Yanxia Li
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University Fuzhou 350108 China
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10
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Srivastava A, Azad UP. Nanobioengineered surface comprising carbon based materials for advanced biosensing and biomedical application. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126802. [PMID: 37690641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are at the cutting edge of materials science. Due to their distinctive architectures, substantial surface area, favourable biocompatibility, and reactivity to internal and/or external chemico-physical stimuli, carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming more and more significant in a wide range of applications. Numerous research has been conducted and still is going on to investigate the potential uses of carbon-based hybrid materials for diverse applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, smart drug delivery with the potential for theranostic or combinatorial therapies etc. This review is mainly focused on the classifications and synthesis of various types of CNMs and their electroanalytical application for development of efficient and ultra-sensitive electrochemical biosensors for the point of care diagnosis of fatal and severe diseases at their very initial stage. This review is mainly focused on the classification, synthesis and application of carbon-based material for biosensing applications. The integration of various types of CNMs with nanomaterials, enzymes, redox mediators and biomarkers have been used discussed in development of smart biosensing platform. We have also made an effort to discuss the future prospects for these CNMs in the biosensing area as well as the most recent advancements and applications which will be quite useful for the researchers working across the globe working specially in biosensors field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Laboratory of Nanoelectrochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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11
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Qiao Y, He Q, Huang HH, Mastropietro D, Jiang Z, Zhou H, Liu Y, Tirrell MV, Chen W. Stretching of immersed polyelectrolyte brushes in shear flow. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19282-19291. [PMID: 37997161 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The way that polymer brushes respond to shear flow has important implications in various applications, including antifouling, corrosion protection, and stimuli-responsive materials. However, there is still much to learn about the behaviours and mechanisms that govern these responses. To address this gap in knowledge, our study uses in situ X-ray reflectivity to investigate how poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) brushes stretch and change in different environments, such as isopropanol (a poor solvent), water (a good solvent), and aqueous solutions containing various cations (Cs+, Ba2+, La3+, and Y3+). We have designed a custom apparatus that exposes the PSS brushes to both tangential shear forces from the primary flow and upward drag forces from a secondary flow. Our experimental findings clearly show that shear forces have a significant impact on how the chains in PSS brushes are arranged. At low shear rates, the tangential shear force causes the chains to tilt, leading to brush contraction. In contrast, higher shear rates generate an upward shear force that stretches and expands the chains. By analysing electron density profiles obtained from X-ray reflectivity, we gain valuable insights into how the PSS brushes respond structurally, especially the role of the diffuse layer in this dynamic behaviour. Our results highlight the importance of the initial chain configuration, which is influenced by the solvent and cations present, in shaping how polymer brushes respond to shear flow. The strength of the salt bridge network also plays a crucial role in determining how easily the brushes can stretch, with stronger networks offering more resistance to stretching. Ultimately, our study aims to enhance our understanding of polymer physics at interfaces, with a particular focus on practical applications involving polymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Qiao
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qiming He
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hsin-Hsiang Huang
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Dean Mastropietro
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
| | - Zhang Jiang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Materials Science Division and Centre for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA.
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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12
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Luo Y, Wu S, Xiang X, Shu J, Fei J. Fabricating process-electrochemical property correlation of laser-scribed graphene and smartphone-based electrochemical platform for portable and sensitive biosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115525. [PMID: 37442032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Laser-scribed graphene (LSG), a promising electrode material has attracted special research interest in recent years. Here, the fabricating process-electrochemical property correlation of laser-scribed graphene (LSG) devices was discussed emphatically and a pertinent optimization was performed to achieve better electroanalytical performance. Experiment results indicated that the laser scribing technique possessed great process latitude and reducing laser power and scribing speed facilitated fabricating high-quality graphene electrodes. Benefiting from its binder-free 3D porous network structure and high active/geometric area ratio, the optimized LSG electrode was superior to the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) on electrochemical performance in the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox system. Integrating the LSG electrode with a homemade hand-held detector, a portable electrochemical sensing platform with smartphone readout was developed. It realized a specific detection of H2O2 (linear range: 0.02-3.4 mM, sensitivity: 24.56 μA mM-1 cm-2), glucose (linear range: 0.04-4.0 mM, sensitivity: 16.35 μA mM-1 cm-2) by directly decorating biological enzymes without artificial redox mediator and featured a satisfactory comprehensive performance. The constructed immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor-α exhibited a wide linear range (2-500 pg mL-1) and a 4.3-fold enhancement in sensitivity compared with that of SPCE. With satisfactory selectivity, reproducibility, and sensitivity, the developed smartphone-based electrochemical sensing platform held great promise in accurate detection on the spot. This work also provided a significant reference for tailoring binder-free carbonaceous electrode materials toward the desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Luo
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Sirui Wu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Xinyue Xiang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Guangdong, 528311, China.
| | - Junjie Fei
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China; Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
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13
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Luo G, Liu J, Xie J, Jing W, Li M, Zhao L, Li Z, Yang P, Jiang Z. A highly electrocatalytic, stretchable, and breathable enzyme-free electrochemical patch based on electrospun fibers decorated with platinum nano pine needles for continuous glucose sensing in neutral conditions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12988-12998. [PMID: 37650562 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02337k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the worldwide increase in diabetes, there is an urgent need for glucose sensors that can achieve the on-body detection of glucose concentration. With the development of nanomaterials and flexible electronics, wearable electrochemical enzyme-free glucose biosensors that can conveniently, continuously and stably monitor the glucose concentrations of diabetes patients without invasion and risk of infection are coming into focus. However, despite the enormous efforts toward wearable electrochemical enzyme-free glucose sensors, there have been limited achievements in developing a stretchable and breathable glucose sensor with high sensitivity, low detection limit, and excellent catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation in neutral media, to meet the need for continuous wearable glucose monitoring in scenarios such as the on-body detection of glucose in human sweat. Herein, we demonstrate a novel electrochemical enzyme-free glucose-sensing patch on the foundation of electrospun polyurethane (PU) fibrous mats to address some of the aforementioned challenges. The sensing patch was fabricated through a facile technology of electrospinning, followed by magnetron sputtering of gold (Au) to enable high conductivity. After that, ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition was utilized to in situ introduce well-dispersed platinum nano pine needles along each fiber. Due to the good stretchability of PU materials, porous structure, and large specific surface area of electrochemical sites, the glucose-sensing patch promises merits such as good stretchability (performs well under 10% strain), high sensitivity (203.13 μA mM-1 cm-1), prominently low detection limit (14.77 μM), excellent selectivity, and efficient vapor permeability. Notably, the advanced hierarchical nanostructures with excellent catalytic activity towards glucose oxidation could be capable of detecting glucose in neutral conditions (pH = 7.4) without the assistance of enzymes. Given the facile fabrication methods and the integrated superior performances, this enzyme-free glucose-sensing patch could play a vital role in wearable glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxi Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
| | - Jielun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265503, China
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14
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Li J, Liu J, Wu Z, Shang X, Li Y, Huo W, Huang X. Fully printed and self-compensated bioresorbable electrochemical devices based on galvanic coupling for continuous glucose monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3839. [PMID: 37467335 PMCID: PMC10355816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Real-time glucose monitoring conventionally involves non-bioresorbable semi-implantable glucose sensors, causing infection and pain during removal. Despite bioresorbable electronics serves as excellent alternatives, the bioresorbable sensor dissolves in aqueous environments with interferential biomolecules. Here, the theories to achieve stable electrode potential and accurate electrochemical detection using bioresorbable materials have been proposed, resulting in a fully printed bioresorbable electrochemical device. The adverse effect caused by material degradation has been overcome by a molybdenum-tungsten reference electrode that offers stable potential through galvanic-coupling and self-compensation modules. In vitro and in vivo glucose monitoring has been conducted for 7 and 5 days, respectively, followed by full degradation within 2 months. The device offers a glucose detection range of 0 to 25 millimolars and a sensitivity of 0.2458 microamperes per millimolar with anti-interference capability and biocompatibility, indicating the possibility of mass manufacturing high-performance bioresorbable electrochemical devices using printing and low-temperature water-sintering techniques. The mechanisms may be implemented developing more comprehensive bioresorbable sensors for chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyue Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenxing Huo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute of Wearable Technology and Bioelectronics, Qiantang Science and Technology Innovation Center, 1002 23rd Street, Hangzhou 310018, China
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15
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Yang L, Wang H, Abdullah AM, Meng C, Chen X, Feng A, Cheng H. Direct Laser Writing of the Porous Graphene Foam for Multiplexed Electrochemical Sweat Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37433119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical sensors provide means to detect molecular-level information from the biochemical markers in biofluids for physiological health evaluation. However, a high-density array is often required for multiplexed detection of multiple markers in complex biofluids, which is challenging with low-cost fabrication methods. This work reports the low-cost direct laser writing of porous graphene foam as a flexible electrochemical sensor to detect biomarkers and electrolytes in sweat. The resulting electrochemical sensor exhibits high sensitivity and low limit of detection for various biomarkers (e.g., the sensitivity of 6.49/6.87/0.94/0.16 μA μM-1 cm-2 and detection limit of 0.28/0.26/1.43/11.3 μM to uric acid/dopamine/tyrosine/ascorbic acid) in sweat. The results from this work open up opportunities for noninvasive continuous monitoring of gout, hydration status, and drug intake/overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, School of Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Abu Musa Abdullah
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Chuizhou Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics and Neuroengineering of Hebei Province, School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Anqi Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei Key Laboratory of Smart Sensing and Human-Robot Interaction, School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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16
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Zhang S, Zhao W, Zeng J, He Z, Wang X, Zhu Z, Hu R, Liu C, Wang Q. Wearable non-invasive glucose sensors based on metallic nanomaterials. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100638. [PMID: 37128286 PMCID: PMC10148187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wearable non-invasive glucose sensors provides a convenient technical means to monitor the glucose concentration of diabetes patients without discomfortability and risk of infection. Apart from enzymes as typical catalytic materials, the active catalytic materials of the glucose sensor are mainly composed of polymers, metals, alloys, metal compounds, and various metals that can undergo catalytic oxidation with glucose. Among them, metallic nanomaterials are the optimal materials applied in the field of wearable non-invasive glucose sensing due to good biocompatibility, large specific surface area, high catalytic activity, and strong adsorption capacity. This review summarizes the metallic nanomaterials used in wearable non-invasive glucose sensors including zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) monometallic nanomaterials, bimetallic nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, etc. Besides, the applications of wearable non-invasive biosensors based on these metallic nanomaterials towards glucose detection are summarized in detail and the development trend of the wearable non-invasive glucose sensors based on metallic nanomaterials is also outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Junyan Zeng
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhaotao He
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zehui Zhu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Runqing Hu
- NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Corresponding author. Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- NingboTech University, Ningbo, 315100, China
- Corresponding author. Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
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17
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Zhang X, Tan X, Wang P, Qin J. Application of Polypyrrole-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for the Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:674. [PMID: 36839042 PMCID: PMC9967576 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is easy to treat surgically and can be combined with postoperative chemotherapy, its five-year survival rate is still not optimistic. Therefore, developing sensitive, efficient, and compliant detection technology is essential to diagnose CRC at an early stage, providing more opportunities for effective treatment and intervention. Currently, the widely used clinical CRC detection methods include endoscopy, stool examination, imaging modalities, and tumor biomarker detection; among them, blood biomarkers, a noninvasive strategy for CRC screening, have shown significant potential for early diagnosis, prediction, prognosis, and staging of cancer. As shown by recent studies, electrochemical biosensors have attracted extensive attention for the detection of blood biomarkers because of their advantages of being cost-effective and having sound sensitivity, good versatility, high selectivity, and a fast response. Among these, nano-conductive polymer materials, especially the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy), have been broadly applied to improve sensing performance due to their excellent electrical properties and the flexibility of their surface properties, as well as their easy preparation and functionalization and good biocompatibility. This review mainly discusses the characteristics of PPy-based biosensors, their synthetic methods, and their application for the detection of CRC biomarkers. Finally, the opportunities and challenges related to the use of PPy-based sensors for diagnosing CRC are also discussed.
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18
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Faham S, Salimi A, Ghavami R. Electrochemical-based remote biomarker monitoring: Toward Internet of Wearable Things in telemedicine. Talanta 2023; 253:123892. [PMID: 36095939 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Internet of Wearable Things (IoWT) will be a major breakthrough for remote medical monitoring. In this scenario, wearable biomarker sensors have been developing not only to diagnose point-of-care (POC) of diseases, but also to continuously manage them. On-body tracking of biomarkers in biofluids is regarded as a proper substitution of conventional biomarker sensors for dynamic sampling and analyzing due to their high sensitivity, conformability, and affordability, creating ever-rising the market demand for them. In a wireless body area network (WBAN), data is captured from all sensors on the body to a smartphone/laptop, and sent the sensed data to a cloud for storing, processing, and retrieving, and ultimately displayed the data on custom applications (Apps). Wearable IoT biomarker sensors are used for early diseases diagnosis and continuous monitoring in developing countries in which people hardly access to healthcare systems. In this review, we aim to highlight a wide range of wearable electrochemical biomarker sensors, accompanied by microfluidics for continuous sampling, which will pave the way toward developing wearable IoT biomarker sensors to track health status. The current challenges and future perspective in skin-conformal biomarker sensors will be discussing their potential applicability for IoWT in cloud-based telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Faham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Abdollah Salimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran; Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran.
| | - Raouf Ghavami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, 66177-15175, Iran
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19
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Aparicio-Martínez EP, Vega-Rios A, Osuna V, Dominguez RB. Salivary Glucose Detection with Laser Induced Graphene/AgNPs Non-Enzymatic Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:207. [PMID: 36831974 PMCID: PMC9954126 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tailoring of novel nanomaterials for sensitive glucose detection through a non-enzymatic mechanism is currently under intensive research. Here, we present a laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a catalytic element for the direct electrooxidation of glucose. The AgNPs were synthesized through cyclic voltammetry using LIG as a template, resulting in a porous tridimensional assembly with anchored nanostructures. The characterization corroborated the formation of LIG/AgNPs composite with distinctive peaks attributed to Ag2O and AgO interaction with glucose. The proposed non-enzymatic sensors were successfully applied for non-enzymatic amperometric detection, exhibiting a linear range from 1 to 10 mM in the first peak (+0.7 V) and a narrow range from 1 to 2 mM with higher sensitivity of 52.2 mA/mM and improved LOD of 45 μM in the second peak (+0.55 V). The applicability of the LIG/AgNPs sensor was evaluated with spiked artificial saliva in a PoC format using a smartphone potentiostat, showing an average recovery rate of 91%. The analysis was performed in a portable, mobile, and low-cost fashion using a simulated non-invasive sample, with promising results in clinical ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eider Pedro Aparicio-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vega-Rios
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, SC, Miguel de Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Velia Osuna
- CONACyT-CIMAV, SC, Miguel de Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Rocio Berenice Dominguez
- CONACyT-CIMAV, SC, Miguel de Cervantes #120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
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20
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Asaduzzaman M, Zahed MA, Sharifuzzaman M, Reza MS, Hui X, Sharma S, Shin YD, Park JY. A hybridized nano-porous carbon reinforced 3D graphene-based epidermal patch for precise sweat glucose and lactate analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 219:114846. [PMID: 36327564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wearable electrochemical biosensors for perspiration analysis offer a promising non-invasive biomarker monitoring method. Herein, a functionalized hybridized nanoporous carbon (H-NPC)-encapsulated flexible 3D porous graphene-based epidermal patch was firstly fabricated for monitoring sweat glucose, lactate, pH, and temperature using simple, cost-effective, laser-engraved, and spray-coating techniques. The fabricated H-NPC-modified electrode significantly increased electrochemical surface area and electrocatalytic activity. Within the physiological sweat range (0-1.5 mM), the second-generation glucose sensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity of 82.7 μAmM-1cm-2 with 0.025 μM LOD. Moreover, the lactate biosensor exhibited an extraordinary linear range (0-56 mM) response owing to the incorporation of an outer diffusion limiting layer (DLL) that controls the lactate flux reaching the enzyme with comparable sensitivity (204 nAmM-1cm-2) and LOD (4 μM). Finally, we employed an analytical correction approach incorporating pH and temperature adjustments during on-body tests. In addition to connecting various carbon-based materials to limitless metal-organic frameworks as a transduction material, our research also paves the way for enabling these sensors to operate on pH and T correction independently while delivering accurate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Asaduzzaman
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sharifuzzaman
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Selim Reza
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Hui
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Sharma
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Shin
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Wang Y, Zhao P, Gao B, Yuan M, Yu J, Wang Z, Chen X. Self-reduction of bimetallic nanoparticles on flexible MXene-graphene electrodes for simultaneous detection of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Wang F, Zhang F, Wang Q, He P. A Multicalibration Urea Potentiometric Sensing Array Based on Au@urease Nanoparticles and Its Application in Home Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14434-14442. [PMID: 36195559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Home potentiometric sensing devices can real-time monitor personal health status and are widely used in the prevention and management of related diseases. However, variations in the composition and the pH of the sample matrix tend to change the basic potential and response slope of some potentiometric sensors, thus affecting detection reliability. Therefore, this work uses the detection of urea in urine as a model to improve reliability of the potentiometric sensor in home detection. Au@urease nanoparticles were synthesized as the sensing material to improve the stability of the urease-based potentiometric sensor. Meanwhile, a multicalibrated urea potential (MCUP) sensing array was designed, which consists of a urea electrode group, a pH electrode group, and a reference channel. The urea electrode group and the pH electrode group contain respectively a sensing channel and a calibration channel. The basic potential of sensing channels can be calibrated through the corresponding calibration channels. Moreover, the pH electrode group can not only measure the pH values of the samples but also calibrate the response slope of the urea electrode group through the calibration coefficient, thus improving the reliability of home detection. Consequently, the potentiometric sensing array based on the enzyme reaction can be applied in body fluids with a wide pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200241, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200241, P. R. China
| | - Qingjiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200241, P. R. China
| | - Pingang He
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai200241, P. R. China
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23
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Du Y, Zhang X, Liu P, Yu DG, Ge R. Electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors for glucose detection. Front Chem 2022; 10:944428. [PMID: 36034672 PMCID: PMC9403008 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.944428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic, systemic metabolic disease that leads to multiple complications, even death. Meanwhile, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is increasing year by year. Sensors play an important role in the development of biomedical devices. The development of efficient, stable, and inexpensive glucose sensors for the continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels has received widespread attention because they can provide reliable data for diabetes prevention and diagnosis. Electrospun nanofibers are new kinds of functional nanocomposites that show incredible capabilities for high-level biosensing. This article reviews glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers. The principles of the glucose sensor, the types of glucose measurement, and the glucose detection methods are briefly discussed. The principle of electrospinning and its applications and advantages in glucose sensors are then introduced. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the applications and advantages of polymers and nanomaterials in electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors. The relevant applications and comparisons of enzymatic and non-enzymatic nanofiber-based glucose sensors are discussed in detail. The main advantages and disadvantages of glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers are evaluated, and some solutions are proposed. Finally, potential commercial development and improved methods for glucose sensors based on electrospinning nanofibers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Du
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Base of Achievement Transformation, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Orthopaedic Basic and Clinical Transformation, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shidong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng-Guang Yu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiliang Ge
- Department of Outpatient, the Third Afiliated Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Hui X, Sharma S, Sharifuzzaman M, Zahed MA, Shin YD, Seonu SK, Song HS, Park JY. Siloxene-Functionalized Laser-Induced Graphene via COSi Bonding for High-Performance Heavy Metal Sensing Patch Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201247. [PMID: 35595710 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, 2D Siloxene nanosheets are newly applied to functionalize porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) on polydimethylsiloxane, modify the surface chemical properties of LIG, and improve the heterogeneous electron transfer rate. Meanwhile, the newly generated COSi crosslink boosts the binding of LIG and Siloxene. Thus, the Siloxene/LIG composite is used as the basic electrode material for the multifunctional detection of copper (Cu) ions, pH, and temperature in human perspiration. Moreover, to enhance the sensing performance of Cu ions, Siloxene/LIG is further modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The fabricated Siloxene-CNT/LIG-based Cu-ion sensor shows linear response within a wide range of 10-500 ppb and a low detection limit of 1.55 ppb. In addition, a pH sensor is integrated to calibrate for determining the accurate concentration of Cu ions due to pH dependency of the Cu-ion sensor. The polyaniline-deposited pH sensor demonstrates a good sensitivity of -64.81 mV pH-1 over the pH range of 3-10. Furthermore, a temperature sensor for accurate skin temperature monitoring is also integrated and exhibits a stable linear resistance response with an excellent sensitivity of 9.147 Ω °C-1 (correlation coefficient of 0.139% °C-1 ). The flexible hybrid sensor is promising in applications of noninvasive heavy-metal ion detection and prediction of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Hui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sharifuzzaman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Shin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyeong Seonu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Su Song
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
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25
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Angizi S, Huang X, Hong L, Akbar MA, Selvaganapathy PR, Kruse P. Defect Density-Dependent pH Response of Graphene Derivatives: Towards the Development of pH-Sensitive Graphene Oxide Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1801. [PMID: 35683657 PMCID: PMC9181870 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by controlling the type and defect density of graphene derivatives. Nanomaterials from single-layer graphene resembling a defect-free structure to few-layer graphene and graphene oxide with high defect density were used to demonstrate the pH-sensing mechanisms of graphene. We show the presence of three competing mechanisms of pH sensitivity, including the availability of functional groups, the electrochemical double layer, and the ion trapping that determines the overall pH response. The graphene surface was selectively functionalized with hydroxyl, amine, and carboxyl groups to understand the role and density of the graphene pH-sensitive functional groups. Later, we establish the development of highly pH-sensitive graphene oxide by controlling its defect density. This research opens a new avenue for integrating micro-nano-sized pH sensors based on graphene derivatives into next-generation sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Angizi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (S.A.); (X.H.); (L.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Xianxuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (S.A.); (X.H.); (L.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Lea Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (S.A.); (X.H.); (L.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Md Ali Akbar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (S.A.); (X.H.); (L.H.); (M.A.A.)
| | - P. Ravi Selvaganapathy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada;
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; (S.A.); (X.H.); (L.H.); (M.A.A.)
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26
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Solazzo M, Hartzell L, O’Farrell C, Monaghan MG. Beyond Chemistry: Tailoring Stiffness and Microarchitecture to Engineer Highly Sensitive Biphasic Elastomeric Piezoresistive Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:19265-19277. [PMID: 35452235 PMCID: PMC9073843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles and conductive polymers are two classes of materials widely used in the production of three-dimensional (3D) piezoresistive sensors. One conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has excellent stability and conductivity yet is limited in its application as a sensor, often existing upon a base, limiting its performance and potential. Despite much progress in the field of materials chemistry and polymer synthesis, one aspect we consider worthy of exploration is the impact that microstructure and stiffness may have on the sensitivity of 3D sensors. In this study, we report a strategy for fabricating biphasic electroactive sponges (EAS) that combine 3D porous PEDOT:PSS scaffolds possessing either an isotropic or anisotropic microarchitecture, infused with insulating elastomeric fillers of varying stiffness. When characterizing the electromechanical behavior of these EAS, a higher stiffness yields a higher strain gauge factor, with values as high as 387 for an isotropic microarchitecture infused with a stiff elastomer. The approach we describe is cost-effective and extremely versatile, by which one can fabricate piezoresistive sensors with adaptable sensitivity ranges and excellent high strain gauge factor with the underlying microarchitecture and insulant stiffness dictating this performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Solazzo
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Linette Hartzell
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ciara O’Farrell
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael G. Monaghan
- Department
of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Trinity
Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity
College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advance
Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre at Trinity College Dublin and the Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Newcastle Road, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
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27
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Zhao Z, Chen H, Cheng Y, Huang Z, Wei X, Feng J, Cheng J, Mugo SM, Jaffrezic-Renault N, Guo Z. Electrochemical aptasensor based on electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-graphene oxide coupled with Au@Pt nanocrystals for the detection of 17β-estradiol. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:178. [PMID: 35386009 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor is reported for the sensitive and specific monitoring of 17β-estradiol (E2) based on the modification of electrodeposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-graphene oxide (GO) coupled with Au@Pt nanocrystals (Au@Pt). With excellent conductivity, chemical stability and active sites, the PEDOT-GO nanocomposite film was firstly in situ polymerized on the glassy carbon electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Subsequently, one-step synthesized Au@Pt were decorated on the conductive polymer, providing a platform for immobilizing the aptamer and enhancing the detecting sensitivity. With the addition of E2, since the interfacial electron transfer process was retarded by the E2-aptamer complex, the differential pulse voltammetry signal decreased gradually. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve of E2 exhibited a linear range between 0.1 pM and 1 nM, with a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.08 pM. The developed aptasensor showed admiring selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. It was tested in human serum, lake water and tap water samples after low-cost and simple pretreatment. Consequently, the developed platform could provide a new design thought for ultrasensitive detection of E2 in clinical and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan Jianghan Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, 430015, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Cheng
- Central War Zone General Hospital, Hankou Hospital District, 68 Huangpu Street, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Huang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Wei
- School of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialu Feng
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel M Mugo
- Physical Sciences Department, MacEwan University, 10700-104 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T5J 4S2, Canada.
| | - Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault
- Institute of Analytical Sciences, UMR-CNRS 5280, University of Lyon, 5, La Doua Street, Villeurbanne, 69100, Lyon, France.
| | - Zhenzhong Guo
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Reddy VS, Agarwal B, Ye Z, Zhang C, Roy K, Chinnappan A, Narayan RJ, Ramakrishna S, Ghosh R. Recent Advancement in Biofluid-Based Glucose Sensors Using Invasive, Minimally Invasive, and Non-Invasive Technologies: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1082. [PMID: 35407200 PMCID: PMC9000490 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors have potentially revolutionized the biomedical field. Their portability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of operation have made the market for these biosensors to grow rapidly. Diabetes mellitus is the condition of having high glucose content in the body, and it has become one of the very common conditions that is leading to deaths worldwide. Although it still has no cure or prevention, if monitored and treated with appropriate medication, the complications can be hindered and mitigated. Glucose content in the body can be detected using various biological fluids, namely blood, sweat, urine, interstitial fluids, tears, breath, and saliva. In the past decade, there has been an influx of potential biosensor technologies for continuous glucose level estimation. This literature review provides a comprehensive update on the recent advances in the field of biofluid-based sensors for glucose level detection in terms of methods, methodology and materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Bhawana Agarwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BITS Pilani-Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India;
| | - Zhen Ye
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Chuanqi Zhang
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Kallol Roy
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore;
| | - Amutha Chinnappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Roger J. Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
| | - Rituparna Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Sustainability, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore; (V.S.R.); (Z.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.C.)
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29
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Abstract
Conductive polymers have attracted wide attention since their discovery due to their unique properties such as good electrical conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and low cost. With different possibilities of preparation and deposition on surfaces, they present unique and tunable structures. Because of the ease of incorporating different elements to form composite materials, conductive polymers have been widely used in a plethora of applications. Their inherent mechanical tolerance limit makes them ideal for flexible devices, such as electrodes for batteries, artificial muscles, organic electronics, and sensors. As the demand for the next generation of (wearable) personal and flexible sensing devices is increasing, this review aims to discuss and summarize the recent manufacturing advances made on flexible electrochemical sensors.
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30
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Zhao H, Su R, Teng L, Tian Q, Han F, Li H, Cao Z, Xie R, Li G, Liu X, Liu Z. Recent advances in flexible and wearable sensors for monitoring chemical molecules. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1653-1669. [PMID: 35040855 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06244a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, real-time health management has received increasing attention, benefiting from the rapid development of flexible and wearable devices. Conventionally, flexible and wearable devices are used for collecting health data such as electrophysiological signals, blood pressure, heart rate, etc. The monitoring of chemical factors has shown growing significance, providing the basis for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of many diseases. Nowadays, in order to understand the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately, researchers in the community have started putting effort into developing wearable devices for monitoring chemical factors. Progressively, more flexible chemical sensors with wearable real-time health-monitoring functionality have been developed thanks to advances relating to wireless communications and flexible electronics. In this review, we describe the variety of chemical molecules and information that can currently be monitored, including pH levels, glucose, lactate, uric acid, ion levels, cytokines, nutrients, and other biomarkers. This review analyzes the pros and cons of the most advanced wearable chemical sensors in terms of wearability. At the end of this review, we discuss the current challenges and development trends relating to flexible and wearable chemical sensors from the aspects of materials, electrode designs, and soft-hard interface connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Rui Su
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lijun Teng
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Qiong Tian
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Fei Han
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Hanfei Li
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Zhengshuai Cao
- Center for Opto-Electronic Engineering and Technology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ruijie Xie
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Guanglin Li
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Xijian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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31
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Zhang Z, Su R, Han F, Zheng Z, Liu Y, Zhou X, Li Q, Zhai X, Wu J, Pan X, Pan H, Guo P, Li Z, Liu Z, Zhao X. A soft intelligent dressing with pH and temperature sensors for early detection of wound infection. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3243-3252. [PMID: 35425400 PMCID: PMC8979260 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is a common clinical problem. Traditional detection methods can not provide infection early warning information in time. With the development of flexible electronics, flexible wearable devices have been widely used in the field of intelligent monitoring. Here, we describe the development of a soft wound infection monitoring system with pH sensors and temperature sensors. The measurement range of pH was 4-10, the fitting accuracy was 99.8%, and the response time was less than 6 s. The temperature sensor array showed good accuracy and short response times in the range of 30 °C to 40 °C. A series of in vitro tests and the use of a rat model of Staphylococcus aureus infection confirmed that this flexible detection system can monitor the pH and temperature changes occurring in the early stage of infection, which provides an effective reference for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 PR China
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Rui Su
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 PR China
| | - Fei Han
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zheng
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhou
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Xinyun Zhai
- Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 PR China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518053 PR China
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- Southern Medical University, Shenzhen Bao'an People's Hospital, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol Shenzhen 518101 PR China
| | - Haobo Pan
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Peizhi Guo
- Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University Tianjin 300350 PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Neural Engineering Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Research Center for Human Tissue and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 PR China
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32
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Yoon S, Yoon H, Zahed MA, Park C, Kim D, Park JY. Multifunctional hybrid skin patch for wearable smart healthcare applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113685. [PMID: 34655969 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in wearable patches have included various sensors to monitor either physiological signs, such as the heart rate and respiration rate, or metabolites. Nevertheless, most of these have focused only on a single physiological measurement at a time, which significantly inhibits the calibration of various biological signals and diagnostic facilities. In this study, a novel multifunctional hybrid skin patch was developed for the electrochemical analysis of sweat glucose levels and simultaneous monitoring of electrocardiograms (ECGs). Furthermore, pH and temperature sensors were co-integrated onto the same patch for the calibration of the glucose biosensor to prevent inevitable inhibition and weakening of enzyme activity due to changes in the sweat pH and temperature levels. The fabricated electrochemical glucose biosensor exhibited excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9986) and sensitivity (29.10 μA mM-1 cm-2), covering the normal range of human sweat. The potentiometric pH sensor displayed a good response with an excellent sensitivity of -77.81 mV/pH and high linearity (R2 = 0.991), indicating that it can distinguish variations in the typical pH range for human sweat. Furthermore, the P, QRS complex, and T peaks in the measured ECG waveforms could be clearly distinguished, indicating the reliability of the fabricated flexible dry electrodes for continuous monitoring. The fabricated skin patch overcomes the inconvenience of the mandatory attachment of multiple patches on the human body by fully integrating all the electrochemical and electrophysiological sensors on a single patch, thus facilitating advanced glycemic control and continuous ECG monitoring for smart management of chronic diseases and healthcare applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyuk Yoon
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Yoon
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chani Park
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyun Kim
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Advanced Sensor and Energy Research (ASER) Laboratory, Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Liu J, Ji H, Lv X, Zeng C, Li H, Li F, Qu B, Cui F, Zhou Q. Laser-induced graphene (LIG)-driven medical sensors for health monitoring and diseases diagnosis. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:54. [PMID: 35001163 PMCID: PMC8743164 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a class of three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanomaterial. It can be prepared by direct laser writing on some polymer materials in the air. Because of its features of simplicity, fast production, and excellent physicochemical properties, it was widely used in medical sensing devices. This minireview gives an overview of the characteristics of LIG and LIG-driven sensors. Various methods for preparing graphene were compared and discussed. The applications of the LIG in biochemical sensors for ions, small molecules, microRNA, protein, and cell detection were highlighted. LIG-based physical physiological sensors and wearable electronics for medical applications were also included. Finally, our insights into current challenges and prospects for LIG-based medical sensing devices were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijie Ji
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chijia Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Heming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fugang Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of iPOCT Medicine, Shanghai Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance of iPOCT Medicine, Shanghai Upper Bio Tech Pharma Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201201, China
| | - Bin Qu
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), School of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Feiyun Cui
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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34
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Zhu J, Huang X, Song W. Physical and Chemical Sensors on the Basis of Laser-Induced Graphene: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18708-18741. [PMID: 34881870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is produced rapidly by directly irradiating carbonaceous precursors, and it naturally exhibits as a three-dimensional porous structure. Due to advantages such as simple preparation, time-saving, environmental friendliness, low cost, and expanding categories of raw materials, LIG and its derivatives have achieved broad applications in sensors. This has been witnessed in various fields such as wearable devices, disease diagnosis, intelligent robots, and pollution detection. However, despite LIG sensors having demonstrated an excellent capability to monitor physical and chemical parameters, the systematic review of synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and applications of them combined with comparison against other preparation approaches of graphene is still lacking. Here, graphene-based sensors for physical, biological, and chemical detection are reviewed first, followed by the introduction of general preparation methods for the laser-induced method to yield graphene. The preparation and advantages of LIG, sensing mechanisms, and the properties of different types of emerging LIG-based sensors are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, possible solutions to the problems and challenges of preparing LIG and LIG-based sensors are proposed. This review may serve as a detailed reference to guide the development of LIG-based sensors that possess properties for future smart sensors in health care, environmental protection, and industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weixing Song
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Beijing 100048, China
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35
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Raza T, Qu L, Khokhar WA, Andrews B, Ali A, Tian M. Progress of Wearable and Flexible Electrochemical Biosensors With the Aid of Conductive Nanomaterials. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:761020. [PMID: 34881233 PMCID: PMC8645837 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive nanomaterials have recently gained a lot of interest due to their excellent physical, chemical, and electrical properties, as well as their numerous nanoscale morphologies, which enable them to be fabricated into a wide range of modern chemical and biological sensors. This study focuses mainly on current applications based on conductive nanostructured materials. They are the key elements in preparing wearable electrochemical Biosensors, including electrochemical immunosensors and DNA biosensors. Conductive nanomaterials such as carbon (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene), metals and conductive polymers, which provide a large effective surface area, fast electron transfer rate and high electrical conductivity, are summarized in detail. Conductive polymer nanocomposites in combination with carbon and metal nanoparticles have also been addressed to increase sensor performance. In conclusion, a section on current challenges and opportunities in this growing field is forecasted at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Raza
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijun Qu
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Boakye Andrews
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Mingwei Tian
- Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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36
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Zhu J, Liu S, Hu Z, Zhang X, Yi N, Tang K, Dexheimer MG, Lian X, Wang Q, Yang J, Gray J, Cheng H. Laser-induced graphene non-enzymatic glucose sensors for on-body measurements. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 193:113606. [PMID: 34507206 PMCID: PMC8556579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glucose sensors outperform enzymatic ones in terms of cost, sensitivity, stability, and operating duration. Though highly sensitive, it is still desirable to further improve the sensitivity of non-enzymatic glucose sensors to detect a trace amount of glucose in sweat and other biofluids. Among the demonstrated effective approaches using bimetals or 3D porous structures, the porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) on flexible polymers showcases good conductivity and a simple fabrication process for the integration of sensing materials. The uniform electroless plating of the nickel and gold layer on LIG electrodes demonstrates significantly enhanced sensitivity and a large linear range for glucose sensing. The sensor with the porous LIG foam exhibits a high sensitivity of 1080 μA mM-1 cm-2, whereas a further increased sensitivity of 3500 μA mM-1 cm-2 is obtained with LIG fibers (LIGF). Impressively, a large linear range (0-30 mM) can be achieved by changing the bias voltage from 0.5 to 0.1 V due to the Au coating. Because the existing non-enzymatic glucose sensors are limited to use in basic solutions, their application in wearable electronics is elusive. In addition to the reduced requirement for the basic solution, this work integrates a porous encapsulating reaction cavity containing alkali solutions with a soft, skin-interfaced microfluidic component to provide integrated microfluidic non-enzymatic glucose sensors for sweat sampling and glucose sensing. The accurate glucose measurements from the human sweat and cell culture media showcase the practical utility, which opens up opportunities for the non-enzymatic glucose sensors in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Shangbin Liu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhihui Hu
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; School of Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Xianzhe Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ning Yi
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kairui Tang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Michael Gregory Dexheimer
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xiaojun Lian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer Gray
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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37
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Wang C, Zhu F, Yu Z, Zhou X, Cheng W, Yang F, Zhang X. A poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon nanotube hybrid film for electrocatalytic determination of tertiary butylhydroquinone. Analyst 2021; 146:6846-6851. [PMID: 34617079 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01342d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of ideal sensing materials is of great significance for the realization of high-performance electrochemical analysis. However, in previous methods, most electrode materials are firstly synthesized and dispersed, finally dropped on the electrode surface, which led to complicated operation and poor adhesion between the materials and electrode surface. In this study, a PEDOT-CNT hybrid film has been prepared by combining carboxylated carbon nanotubes as dopants with PEDOT through scalable and easy-to-operate electrochemical deposition. The PEDOT-CNT modified electrode shows excellent performance for the determination of tertiary butylhydroquinone, with a wide linear range of 0.5-820 μM, a low detection limit of 0.12 μM, high stability and reproducibility. In addition, the mechanism of electrodeposition of CNTs and tertiary butylhydroquinone has also been discussed briefly. The PEDOT-CNT hybrid film possesses the preeminent sensing capacity in monitoring tertiary butylhydroquinone, providing research clues for the design and development of new electrode materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Fudan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Zhe Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Xian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Wenjing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Fengchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry & Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
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38
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Muzyka K, Xu G. Laser‐induced Graphene in Facts, Numbers, and Notes in View of Electroanalytical Applications: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Muzyka
- Laboratory of Analytical Optochemotronics Department of Biomedical Engineering Kharkiv National University of RadioElectronics Kharkiv 61166 Ukraine
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 5625 Renmin Street Changchun Jilin 130022 PR China
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39
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Chandra Barman S, Sharifuzzaman M, Zahed MA, Park C, Yoon SH, Zhang S, Kim H, Yoon H, Park JY. A highly selective and stable cationic polyelectrolyte encapsulated black phosphorene based impedimetric immunosensor for Interleukin-6 biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 186:113287. [PMID: 33962178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the insufficiency of binding sites for the immobilized recognition biomolecules on the immunosensing platform, cancer detection becomes challenging. Whereas, the degradation of black phosphorene (BP) in the presence of the environmental factors becomes a concerning issue for use in electrochemical sensing. In this study, BP is successfully encapsulated by polyallylamine (PAMI) to increase its stability as well as to enhance its electrochemical performance. The successful encapsulation of BP is ensured through X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, whereas the stability of black phosphorus is ensured by Zeta potential measurements and cyclic voltammetry tests. The developed BP-PAMI composite showed high stability in the ambient environment and exhibited improved electrochemical performances. The impedimetric immunosensor was developed on a BP-PAMI modified laser burned graphene (LBG) to detect interleukin-6 biomarkers using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimized parameters, the fabricated immunosensor demonstrated a wide linear range of 0.003-75 ng/mL, limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg/mL. Based on the experimental analysis, the developed sensing strategy can be employed as an easy, disposable, cost-effective and highly selective point-of-care cancer detection. In addition, the developed technique can be applied broadly for detecting other biomarkers after treating with suitable biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharat Chandra Barman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sharifuzzaman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chani Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Advanced Sensor & Energy Research (ASER) Lab, KwangWoon University, 447-1, Seoul, 139-701, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Karunanithi B, Kumar KS, Balakrishnan K, Muralidharan S, Suresh S, Viswanathan V, Angamuthu M. Characteristic study of exfoliated graphene particles from waste batteries. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-021-00138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Vivaldi F, Dallinger A, Bonini A, Poma N, Sembranti L, Biagini D, Salvo P, Greco F, Di Francesco F. Three-Dimensional (3D) Laser-Induced Graphene: Structure, Properties, and Application to Chemical Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:30245-30260. [PMID: 34167302 PMCID: PMC8289247 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Notwithstanding its relatively recent discovery, graphene has gone through many evolution steps and inspired a multitude of applications in many fields, from electronics to life science. The recent advancements in graphene production and patterning, and the inclusion of two-dimensional (2D) graphenic materials in three-dimensional (3D) superstructures, further extended the number of potential applications. In this Review, we focus on laser-induced graphene (LIG), an intriguing 3D porous graphenic material produced by direct laser scribing of carbonaceous precursors, and on its applications in chemical sensors and biosensors. LIG can be shaped in different 3D forms with a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is a valuable characteristic for sensors that typically rely on phenomena occurring at surfaces and interfaces. Herein, an overview of LIG, including synthesis from various precursors, structure, and characteristic properties, is first provided. The discussion focuses especially on transport and surface properties, and on how these can be controlled by tuning the laser processing. Progresses and trends in LIG-based chemical sensors are then reviewed, discussing the various transduction mechanisms and different LIG functionalization procedures for chemical sensing. A comparative evaluation of sensors performance is then provided. Finally, sensors for glucose detection are reviewed in more detail, since they represent the vast majority of LIG-based chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico
Maria Vivaldi
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexander Dallinger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Bonini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Noemi Poma
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sembranti
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Denise Biagini
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Salvo
- Institute
of Clinical Physiology, National Research
Council, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabio Di Francesco
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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42
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Beduk T, Beduk D, de Oliveira Filho JI, Zihnioglu F, Cicek C, Sertoz R, Arda B, Goksel T, Turhan K, Salama KN, Timur S. Rapid Point-of-Care COVID-19 Diagnosis with a Gold-Nanoarchitecture-Assisted Laser-Scribed Graphene Biosensor. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8585-8594. [PMID: 34081452 PMCID: PMC8189039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has revealed the urgent need for accurate, rapid, and affordable diagnostic tests for epidemic understanding and management by monitoring the population worldwide. Though current diagnostic methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) provide sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, they require relatively long processing time, equipped laboratory facilities, and highly skilled personnel. Laser-scribed graphene (LSG)-based biosensing platforms have gained enormous attention as miniaturized electrochemical systems, holding an enormous potential as point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools. We describe here a miniaturized LSG-based electrochemical sensing scheme for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis combined with three-dimensional (3D) gold nanostructures. This electrode was modified with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody following the proper surface modifications proved by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations as well as electrochemical techniques. The system was integrated into a handheld POC detection system operated using a custom smartphone application, providing a user-friendly diagnostic platform due to its ease of operation, accessibility, and systematic data management. The analytical features of the electrochemical immunoassay were evaluated using the standard solution of S-protein in the range of 5.0-500 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.9 ng/mL. A clinical study was carried out on 23 patient blood serum samples with successful COVID-19 diagnosis, compared to the commercial RT-PCR, antibody blood test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG and IgA test results. Our test provides faster results compared to commercial diagnostic tools and offers a promising alternative solution for next-generation POC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Beduk
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials
Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division,
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duygu Beduk
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory
Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova,
Izmir, Turkey
| | - José Ilton de Oliveira Filho
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials
Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division,
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Figen Zihnioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Candan Cicek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Ruchan Sertoz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of
Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Bilgin Arda
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical
Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100
Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Goksel
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
- EGESAM-Ege University Translational
Pulmonary Research Center, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Kutsal Turhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
| | - Khaled N. Salama
- Sensors Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials
Center, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division,
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),
Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suna Timur
- Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory
Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova,
Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir,
Turkey
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Au@SnO 2-vertical graphene-based microneedle sensor for in-situ determination of abscisic acid in plants. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112237. [PMID: 34225877 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For developing electrochemical plant sensors, in-situ detection of hormone levels in living plants is worth attempting. A microneedle array sensor based on Au@SnO2-vertical graphene (VG)/Ta microelectrodes was constructed for analyzing abscisic acid (ABA) in plants. Graphene was vertically grown on Ta wires with a diameter of 0.6 mm by direct current arc plasma jet chemical vapor deposition with SnO2 as the Au catalyst carrier. These VG nanosheets were embedded with core-shell Au@SnO2 nanoparticles, and the formation mechanism of the sensing layer was investigated. Three Au@SnO2-VG microelectrodes, one Ti wire, and one Pt wire were packed into a microneedle array sensor with a three-electrode system. ABA was then quantitatively detected by direct electrocatalytic oxidation, which involves the synergistic catalytic effects of the abundant catalytic active sites of the Au@SnO2 nanoparticles and the excellent conductivity of the VG nanosheets. The microneedle array sensor responds to ABA in the pH range 4-7, the response concentration range was 0.012 (or 0.024)-495.2 μM, and the detection limit varied between 0.002 and 0.005 μM. The small size, wide pH range, low detection limit, and wide linear concentration range allow the microneedle array sensor to be inserted into plants for in-situ detection of ABA.
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Gao J, He S, Nag A. Electrochemical Detection of Glucose Molecules Using Laser-Induced Graphene Sensors: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2818. [PMID: 33923790 PMCID: PMC8073164 DOI: 10.3390/s21082818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with recent progress in the use of laser-induced graphene sensors for the electrochemical detection of glucose molecules. The exponential increase in the exploitation of the laser induction technique to generate porous graphene from polymeric and other naturally occurring materials has provided a podium for researchers to fabricate flexible sensors with high dynamicity. These sensors have been employed largely for electrochemical applications due to their distinct advantages like high customization in their structural dimensions, enhanced characteristics and easy roll-to-roll production. These laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based sensors have been employed for a wide range of sensorial applications, including detection of ions at varying concentrations. Among the many pivotal electrochemical uses in the biomedical sector, the use of these prototypes to monitor the concentration of glucose molecules is constantly increasing due to the essentiality of the presence of these molecules at specific concentrations in the human body. This paper shows a categorical classification of the various uses of these sensors based on the type of materials involved in the fabrication of sensors. The first category constitutes examples where the electrodes have been functionalized with various forms of copper and other types of metallic nanomaterials. The second category includes other miscellaneous forms where the use of both pure and composite forms of LIG-based sensors has been shown. Finally, the paper concludes with some of the possible measures that can be taken to enhance the use of this technique to generate optimized sensing prototypes for a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Gao
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Shan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, 5042 Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Anindya Nag
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 251600, China
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Application of PEDOT:PSS and Its Composites in Electrochemical and Electronic Chemosensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a highly important and attractive conducting polymer as well as commercially available in organic electronics, including electrochemical and electronic chemosensors, due to its unique features such as excellent solution-fabrication capability and miscibility, high and controllable conductivity, excellent chemical and electrochemical stability, good optical transparency and biocompatibility. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of PEDOT:PSS and its composites, and the application in electrochemical and electronic sensors for detecting liquid-phase or gaseous chemical analytes, including inorganic or organic ions, pH, humidity, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ammonia (NH3), CO, CO2, NO2, and organic solvent vapors like methanol, acetone, etc. We will discuss in detail the structural, architectural and morphological optimization of PEDOT:PSS and its composites with other additives, as well as the fabrication technology of diverse sensor systems in response to a wide range of analytes in varying environments. At the end of the review will be given a perspective summary covering both the key challenges and potential solutions in the future research of PEDOT:PSS-based chemosensors, especially those in a flexible or wearable format.
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Zhang S, Zahed MA, Sharifuzzaman M, Yoon S, Hui X, Chandra Barman S, Sharma S, Yoon HS, Park C, Park JY. A wearable battery-free wireless and skin-interfaced microfluidics integrated electrochemical sensing patch for on-site biomarkers monitoring in human perspiration. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 175:112844. [PMID: 33248878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an ultra-high sensitive, flexible, wireless, battery-free, and fully integrated (no external analysis equipment) electrochemical sensing patch system, including a microfluidic-sweat collecting unit, was newly developed for the on-site monitoring of the [K+] concentration in human sweat. Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and MXene-Ti3C2TX based hybrid multi-dimensional networks were applied to obtain a high surface activation area and faster charge transfer rate, strongly adsorbing the valinomycin membrane to protect the ionophore for effective transshipment and immobilization of the [K+]. Furthermore, the controllable porosity of carbon-based materials can accelerate the kinetic process of ion diffusion. This hybrid nanonetwork structure effectively enhanced electrochemical stability and sensitivity, addressing the noise and signal drifting problems experienced with low concentration detection. The fabricated sensor exhibited a high ion concentration sensitivity of 63 mV/dec with excellent selectivity, amplified to 173 mV/dec with the integrated amplification system. The Near Field Communication (NFC) is used to transmit measurements to a smartphone wirelessly. A microfluidic channel was integrated with the electrochemical sensor patch to efficiently collect sweat on the human skin surface and mitigate the sensor surface contamination problem. Furthermore, the developed sensing patch can also be applied to other biomarkers on-site detection after modifying the working electrode with the corresponding selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abu Zahed
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sharifuzzaman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Hui
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sharat Chandra Barman
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudeep Sharma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Chani Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Park
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong, Nowongu, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Xu J, Guo H, Ding H, Wang Q, Tang Z, Li Z, Sun G. Printable and Recyclable Conductive Ink Based on a Liquid Metal with Excellent Surface Wettability for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7443-7452. [PMID: 33528998 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics greatly facilitate human life due to their convenience and comfortable utilization. Liquid metals are an ideal candidate for flexible devices; however, the high surface tension and poor surface wettability restrict their application on diverse substrates. Herein, a printable and recyclable ink composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and a liquid metal (PVA-LM) was developed to resolve these problems. The materials were designed considering the compatibility between PVA and the liquid metal, and the composite theory was applied to determine the component proportion. The developed composites improved the surface wettability of the liquid metal on diverse substrates, and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was chosen to maximize the use of this material. Moreover, the PVA-LM ink showed excellent conductivity of about 1.3 × 105 S/m after being turned on, which favored the designing of alarm systems and object locators. The flexible sensors produced with this ink have broad application, high sensitivity, and superstable signal generation even after 200 cycles. When acting as strain sensors, the constructed composites had high sensitivity for monitoring the human movements. Furthermore, liquid metals in printed products can be recycled under alkaline conditions. This study opens a new direction for the next generation of environmentally friendly flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Xu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongda Guo
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hongyao Ding
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guoxing Sun
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau SAR, China
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Li D, Wu C, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang T. Electrochemical Sensors Applied for In vitro Diagnosis. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Smutok O, Kavetskyy T, Prokopiv T, Serkiz R, Wojnarowska-Nowak R, Šauša O, Novák I, Berek D, Melman A, Gonchar M. New micro/nanocomposite with peroxidase-like activity in construction of oxidases-based amperometric biosensors for ethanol and glucose analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1143:201-209. [PMID: 33384118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Development of artificial enzymes, including nanozymes as an alternative for non-stable and expensive natural enzymes, is a booming field of modern Biosensorics and Biofuel Technology. In this study, we describe fabrication and characterization of sensitive biosensors for the detection of ethanol and glucose based on new micro/nanocomposite electrodes with peroxidase-like activity (nanozyme) coupled with microbial oxidases: alcohol oxidase (AOX) and glucose oxidase (GOX). The nanozyme was synthesized by modification of carbon microfibers (CF) by hemin (H) and gold (Au) nanoparticles. The formation of gold nanoparticles on the surface of hemin-modified carbon microfibers has been confirmed by the UV-Vis and X-ray spectroscopy as well by the SEM analysis. Compared to hemin-only modified electrodes, the resulting micro/nanocomposite CF-H-Au electrodes exhibit a higher specific catalytic activity and a better affinity for H2O2 in solution. The H2O2-sensitive CF-H-Au-modified electrodes showed a higher sensitivity (1.3-2.6-fold) compared with the nearest carbon-derived analogs and were used for the construction of highly sensitive ethanol and glucose biosensors. To eliminate diffusion limitation for substrates, AOX or GOX were fixed on the CF-H-Au-modified electrodes using a highly porous Nafion membrane. The main biosensors' characteristics have been investigated. The developed biosensors were tested for ethanol and glucose analysis in the real samples of both grape must and wine. The results are in good agreement with the results obtained using enzymatic kits as reference approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Smutok
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine; Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100, Drohobych, Ukraine; Clarkson University, 13699-5810, Potsdam, NY, USA.
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100, Drohobych, Ukraine; The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tetiana Prokopiv
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Serkiz
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ondrej Šauša
- Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 11, Bratislava, Slovakia; Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, 84215, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Novák
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Berek
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Artem Melman
- Clarkson University, 13699-5810, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Mykhailo Gonchar
- Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 79005, Lviv, Ukraine; Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, 82100, Drohobych, Ukraine
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