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Vinogradova L, Lukin A, Komarova K, Zhuravlev M, Fadeev A, Chudinov M, Rogacheva E, Kraeva L, Gureev M, Porozov Y, Dogonadze M, Vinogradova T. Molecular Periphery Design Allows Control of the New Nitrofurans Antimicrobial Selectivity. Molecules 2024; 29:3364. [PMID: 39064943 PMCID: PMC11279955 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 13 new 3-substituted 5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles was synthesized from different aminonitriles. All compounds were screened in the disc diffusion test at a 100 μg/mL concentration to determine the bacterial growth inhibition zone presence and diameter, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the most active compounds by serial dilution. The compounds showed antibacterial activity against ESKAPE bacteria, predominantly suppressing the growth of 5 species out of the panel. Some compounds had similar or lower MICs against ESKAPE pathogens compared to ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and furazidin. In particular, 3-azetidin-3-yl-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole (2h) inhibited S. aureus at a concentration lower than all comparators. Compound 2e (5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-3-[4-(pyrrolidin-3-yloxy)phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazole) was active against Gram-positive ESKAPE pathogens as well as M. tuberculosis. Differences in the molecular periphery led to high selectivity for the compounds. The induced-fit docking (IFD) modeling technique was applied to in silico research. Molecular docking results indicated the targeting of compounds against various nitrofuran-associated biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov Vinogradova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Alexey Lukin
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Kristina Komarova
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Maxim Zhuravlev
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Artem Fadeev
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Mikhail Chudinov
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119454 Moscow, Russia (A.F.)
| | - Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Kraeva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri Porozov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Advitam Laboratory, Mihaila Shushkaloviћа 13, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marine Dogonadze
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Vinogradova
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 191036 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Hudson AR, Santora VJ, Petroski RE, Almos TA, Anderson G, Barido R, Basinger J, Bellows CL, Bookser BC, Broadbent NJ, Cabebe C, Chai CK, Chen M, Chow S, Chung DM, Heger L, Danks AM, Freestone GC, Gitnick D, Gupta V, Hoffmaster C, Kaplan AP, Kennedy MR, Lee D, Limberis J, Ly K, Mak CC, Masatsugu B, Morse AC, Na J, Neul D, Nikpur J, Renick J, Sebring K, Sevidal S, Tabatabaei A, Wen J, Xia S, Yan Y, Yoder ZW, Zook D, Peters M, Breitenbucher JG. Azetidine-based selective glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitors with memory enhancing properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127214. [PMID: 32527538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A strategy to conformationally restrain a series of GlyT1 inhibitors identified potent analogs that exhibited slowly interconverting rotational isomers. Further studies to address this concern led to a series of azetidine-based inhibitors. Compound 26 was able to elevate CSF glycine levels in vivo and demonstrated potency comparable to Bitopertin in an in vivo rat receptor occupancy study. Compound 26 was subsequently shown to enhance memory in a Novel Object Recognition (NOR) behavioral study after a single dose of 0.03 mg/kg, and in a contextual fear conditioning (cFC) study after four QD doses of 0.01-0.03 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Hudson
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States.
| | - Vincent J Santora
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Robert E Petroski
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Theresa A Almos
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Gary Anderson
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Richard Barido
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Jillian Basinger
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Chris L Bellows
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Brett C Bookser
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Nicola J Broadbent
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Clifford Cabebe
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Chih-Kun Chai
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Mi Chen
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Stephine Chow
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - De Michael Chung
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Lindsay Heger
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Anne M Danks
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Graeme C Freestone
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Dany Gitnick
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | | | - Alan P Kaplan
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Michael R Kennedy
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Dong Lee
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - James Limberis
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Kiev Ly
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Chi Ching Mak
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Brittany Masatsugu
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Andrew C Morse
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Jim Na
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - David Neul
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - John Nikpur
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Joel Renick
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Kristen Sebring
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Samantha Sevidal
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Ali Tabatabaei
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Jenny Wen
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Shouzhen Xia
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Yingzhuo Yan
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Zachary W Yoder
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Douglas Zook
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - Marco Peters
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
| | - J Guy Breitenbucher
- Dart Neuroscience, 12278 Scripps Summit Dr, San Diego, CA 92131, United States
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3
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Burket JA, Pickle JC, Rusk AM, Haynes BA, Sharp JA, Deutsch SI. Glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibition improves conspecific-provoked immobility in BALB/c mice: Analysis of corticosterone response and glucocorticoid gene expression in cortex and hippocampus. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 99:109869. [PMID: 31962186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress reactivity and glucocorticoid signaling alterations are reported in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). BALB/c mice display decreased locomotor activity in the presence of stimulus mice and spend less time exploring enclosed stimulus mice; this mouse strain has been validated as an ASD model. VU0410120, a glycine type 1 transporter (GlyT1) inhibitor, improved sociability in BALB/c mice, consistent with data that NMDA Receptor (NMDAR) activation regulates sociability, and the endogenous tone of NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission is altered in this strain. Effects of a prosocial dose of VU0410120 on conspecific-provoked immobility, and relationships between conspecific-provoked immobility and corticosterone response were explored. VU0410120-treated BALB/c mice showed reduced immobility in the presence of conspecifics and increased the conspecific-provoked corticosterone response. However, the intensity of conspecific-provoked immobility in VU0410120-treated BALB/c mice did not differ as a function of corticosterone response. Expression profiles of 88 glucocorticoid signaling associated genes within frontal cortex and hippocampus were examined. BALB/c mice resistant to prosocial effects of VU0410120 had increased mRNA expression of Ddit4, a negative regulator of mTOR signaling. Dysregulated mTOR signaling activity is a convergent finding in several monogenic syndromic forms of ASD. Prosocial effects of VU0410120 in the BALB/c strain may be related to regulatory influences of NMDAR-activation on mTOR signaling activity. Because corticosterone response is a marker of social stress, the current data suggest that the stressfulness of a social encounter alone may not be the sole determinant of increased immobility in BALB/c mice; this strain may also display an element of social disinterest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Burket
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Jerrah C Pickle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Allison M Rusk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Bronson A Haynes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Julia A Sharp
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States
| | - Stephen I Deutsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States; Anne Armistead Robinson Endowed Chair in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 825 Fairfax Avenue, Suite 710, Norfolk, VA 23507, United States.
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4
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Yamamoto S, Ohta H, Abe K, Kambe D, Tsukiyama N, Kawakita Y, Moriya M, Yasuhara A. Identification of 1-Methyl-N-(propan-2-yl)-N-({2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide as a Potent and Orally Available Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:1630-1640. [PMID: 27803474 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified 3-chloro-N-{(S)-[3-(1-ethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl][(2S)-piperidine-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide (5, TP0439150) as a potent and orally available glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor. In this article, we describe our identification of 1-methyl-N-(propan-2-yl)-N-({2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-4-yl}methyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (7n) as a structurally diverse back-up compound of 5, using central nervous system multiparameter optimization (CNS MPO) as a drug-likeness guideline. Compound 7n showed a higher CNS MPO score and different physicochemical properties as compared to 5. Compound 7n exhibited potent GlyT1 inhibitory activity, a favorable pharmacokinetics profile, and elicited an increase in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of glycine in rats.
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5
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Yamamoto S, Shibata T, Abe K, Oda K, Aoki T, Kawakita Y, Kawamoto H. Discovery of 3-Chloro-<i>N</i>-{(<i>S</i>)-[3-(1-ethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-4-yl)phenyl][(2<i>S</i>)-piperidine-2-yl]methyl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-carboxamide as a Potent Glycine Transporter 1 Inhibitor. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:1321-37. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kumi Abe
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Koji Oda
- Chemistry Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- Pharmacology Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Yasunori Kawakita
- Drug Safety and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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6
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Zhao J, Tao H, Xian W, Cai Y, Cheng W, Yin M, Liang G, Li K, Cui L, Zhao B. A Highly Selective Inhibitor of Glycine Transporter-1 Elevates the Threshold for Maximal Electroshock-Induced Tonic Seizure in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:174-80. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Hua Tao
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Wenchuan Xian
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Wanwen Cheng
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Mingkang Yin
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Guocong Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Keshen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
| | - Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University
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7
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Effects of VU0410120, a novel GlyT1 inhibitor, on measures of sociability, cognition and stereotypic behaviors in a mouse model of autism. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 61:10-7. [PMID: 25784602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The NMDA receptor is a highly regulated glutamate-gated cationic channel receptor that has an important role in the regulation of sociability and cognition. The genetically-inbred Balb/c mouse has altered endogenous tone of NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission and is a model of impaired sociability, relevant to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Because glycine is an obligatory co-agonist that works cooperatively with glutamate to promote opening of the ion channel, one prominent strategy to promote NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission involves inhibition of the glycine type 1 transporter (GlyT1). The current study evaluated the dose-dependent effects of VU0410120, a selective, high-affinity competitive GlyT1 inhibitor, on measures of sociability, cognition and stereotypic behaviors in Balb/c and Swiss Webster mice. The data show that doses of VU0410120 (i.e., 18 and 30mg/kg) that improve measures of sociability and spatial working memory in the Balb/c mouse strain elicit intense stereotypic behaviors in the Swiss Webster comparator strain (i.e., burrowing and jumping). Furthermore, the data suggest that selective GlyT1 inhibition improves sociability and spatial working memory at doses that do not worsen or elicit stereotypic behaviors in a social situation in the Balb/c strain. However, the elicitation of stereotypic behaviors in the Swiss Webster comparator strain at therapeutically relevant doses of VU0410120 suggest that genetic factors (i.e., mouse strain differences) influence sensitivity to GlyT1-elicited stereotypic behaviors, and emergence of intense stereotypic behaviors may be dose-limiting side effects of this interventional strategy.
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8
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Novel GlyT1 inhibitor chemotypes by scaffold hopping. Part 1: development of a potent and CNS penetrant [3.1.0]-based lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1067-70. [PMID: 24461352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the development and SAR of a novel series of GlyT1 inhibitors derived from a scaffold hopping approach that provided a robust intellectual property position, in lieu of a traditional, expensive HTS campaign. Members within this new [3.1.0]-based series displayed excellent GlyT1 potency, selectivity, free fraction, CNS penetration and efficacy in a preclinical model of schizophrenia (prepulse inhibition).
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9
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Sheffler DJ, Nedelcovych MT, Williams R, Turner SC, Duerk BB, Robbins MR, Jadhav SB, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Daniels RN, Lindsley CW. Novel GlyT1 inhibitor chemotypes by scaffold hopping. Part 2: development of a [3.3.0]-based series and other piperidine bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1062-6. [PMID: 24462664 PMCID: PMC3951244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the development and SAR of a novel series of GlyT1 inhibitors derived from a scaffold hopping approach, in lieu of an HTS campaign, which provided intellectual property position. Members within this new [3.3.0]-based series displayed excellent GlyT1 potency, selectivity, free fraction, and modest CNS penetration. Moreover, enantioselective GlyT1 inhibition was observed, within this novel series and a number of other piperidine bioisosteric cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael T Nedelcovych
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Richard Williams
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stephen C Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Brittany B Duerk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Megan R Robbins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Sataya B Jadhav
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - R Nathan Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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10
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GlyT-1 Inhibitors: From Hits to Clinical Candidates. SMALL MOLECULE THERAPEUTICS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Glycine transporter-1 inhibition promotes striatal axon sprouting via NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons. J Neurosci 2013; 33:16778-89. [PMID: 24133278 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3041-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptor activity is involved in shaping synaptic connections throughout development and adulthood. We recently reported that brief activation of NMDA receptors on cultured ventral midbrain dopamine neurons enhanced their axon growth rate and induced axonal branching. To test whether this mechanism was relevant to axon regrowth in adult animals, we examined the reinnervation of dorsal striatum following nigral dopamine neuron loss induced by unilateral intrastriatal injections of the toxin 6-hydroxydopamine. We used a pharmacological approach to enhance NMDA receptor-dependent signaling by treatment with an inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 that elevates levels of extracellular glycine, a coagonist required for NMDA receptor activation. All mice displayed sprouting of dopaminergic axons from spared fibers in the ventral striatum to the denervated dorsal striatum at 7 weeks post-lesion, but the reinnervation in mice treated for 4 weeks with glycine uptake inhibitor was approximately twice as dense as in untreated mice. The treated mice also displayed higher levels of striatal dopamine and a complete recovery from lateralization in a test of sensorimotor behavior. We confirmed that the actions of glycine uptake inhibition on reinnervation and behavioral recovery required NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons using targeted deletion of the NR1 NMDA receptor subunit in dopamine neurons. Glycine transport inhibitors promote functionally relevant sprouting of surviving dopamine axons and could provide clinical treatment for disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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12
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder without adequate current treatment. Recent theories of schizophrenia focus on disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission particularly at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. NMDA receptors are regulated in vivo by the amino acids glycine and D-serine. Glycine levels, in turn, are regulated by glycine type I (GlyT1) transporters, which serve to maintain low subsaturating glycine levels in the vicinity of the NMDA receptor. A proposed approach to treatment of schizophrenia, therefore, is inhibition of GlyT1-mediated transport. Over the past decade, several well tolerated, high affinity GlyT1 inhibitors have been developed and shown to potentiate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in animal models relevant to schizophrenia. In addition, clinical trials have been conducted with sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a naturally occurring GlyT1 inhibitor, and with the high affinity compound RG1678. Although definitive trials remain ongoing, encouraging results to date have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Javitt
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Columbia University, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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13
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Hamill TG, Eng W, Jennings A, Lewis R, Thomas S, Wood S, Street L, Wisnoski D, Wolkenberg S, Lindsley C, Sanabria-Bohórquez SM, Patel S, Riffel K, Ryan C, Cook J, Sur C, Burns HD, Hargreaves R. The synthesis and preclinical evaluation in rhesus monkey of [¹⁸F]MK-6577 and [¹¹C]CMPyPB glycine transporter 1 positron emission tomography radiotracers. Synapse 2011; 65:261-70. [PMID: 20687108 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two positron emission tomography radiotracers for the glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) are reported here. Each radiotracer is a propylsulfonamide-containing benzamide and was labeled with either carbon-11 or fluorine-18. [¹¹C]CMPyPB was synthesized by the alkylation of a 3-hydroxypyridine precursor using [¹¹C]MeI, and [¹⁸F]MK-6577 was synthesized by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction using a 2-chloropyridine precursor. Each tracer shows good uptake into rhesus monkey brain with the expected distribution of highest uptake in the pons, thalamus, and cerebellum and lower uptake in the striatum and gray matter of the frontal cortex. In vivo blockade and chase studies of [¹⁸F]MK-6577 showed a large specific signal and reversible binding. In vitro autoradiographic studies with [¹⁸F]MK-6577 showed a large specific signal in both rhesus monkey and human brain slices and a distribution consistent with the in vivo results and those reported in the literature. In vivo metabolism studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that only more-polar metabolites are formed for each tracer. Of these two tracers, [¹⁸F]MK-6577 was more extensively characterized and is a promising clinical positron emission tomography tracer for imaging GlyT1 and for measuring GlyT1 occupancy of therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence G Hamill
- Discovery Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, USA.
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14
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Cleva RM, Gass JT, Widholm JJ, Olive MF. Glutamatergic targets for enhancing extinction learning in drug addiction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2011; 8:394-408. [PMID: 21629446 PMCID: PMC3080595 DOI: 10.2174/157015910793358169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of the motivational salience of drug-related environmental cues and contexts is one of the most problematic obstacles to successful treatment of drug addiction. Behavioral approaches to extinguishing the salience of drug-associated cues, such as cue exposure therapy, have generally produced disappointing results which have been attributed to, among other things, the context specificity of extinction and inadequate consolidation of extinction learning. Extinction of any behavior or conditioned response is a process of new and active learning, and increasing evidence suggests that glutamatergic neurotransmission, a key component of the neural plasticity that underlies normal learning and memory, is also involved in extinction learning. This review will summarize findings from both animal and human studies that suggest that pharmacological enhancement of glutamatergic neurotransmission facilitates extinction learning in the context of drug addiction. Pharmacological agents that have shown potential efficacy include NMDA partial agonists, mGluR5 receptor positive allosteric modulators, inhibitors of the GlyT1 glycine transporter, AMPA receptor potentiators, and activators of the cystine-glutamate exchanger. These classes of cognition-enhancing compounds could potentially serve as novel pharmacological adjuncts to cue exposure therapy to increase success rates in attenuating cue-induced drug craving and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Cleva
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425, USA
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15
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Blackaby WP, Lewis RT, Thomson JL, Jennings ASR, Goodacre SC, Street LJ, MacLeod AM, Pike A, Wood S, Thomas S, Brown TA, Smith A, Pillai G, Almond S, Guscott MR, Burns HD, Eng W, Ryan C, Cook J, Hamill TG. Identification of an Orally Bioavailable, Potent, and Selective Inhibitor of GlyT1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:350-4. [PMID: 24900218 DOI: 10.1021/ml1001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amalgamation of the structure-activity relationship of two series of GlyT1 inhibitors developed at Merck led to the discovery of a clinical candidate, compound 16 (DCCCyB), which demonstrated excellent in vivo occupancy of GlyT1 transporters in rhesus monkey as determined by displacement of a PET tracer ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley P. Blackaby
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Richard T. Lewis
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L. Thomson
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. R. Jennings
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Goodacre
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Leslie J. Street
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Angus M. MacLeod
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Pike
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Wood
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Thomas
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Terry A. Brown
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Smith
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Gopalan Pillai
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Almond
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Guscott
- Merck Sharp and Dohme, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, United Kingdom
| | - H. Donald Burns
- Research Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Waisi Eng
- Research Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Christine Ryan
- Research Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Jacquelynn Cook
- Research Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Terence G. Hamill
- Research Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
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16
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Cioffi CL, Liu S, Wolf MA. Recent Developments in Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibitors. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(10)45002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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17
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Optimisation of a series of potent, selective and orally bioavailable GlyT1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2235-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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