1
|
Wu W, Li D, Zhou H, Wang K, Tylka TL. Psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among Chinese adolescents. Body Image 2024; 50:101739. [PMID: 38820800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 among adolescents residing in the Chinese mainland. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 (N = 790; 396 girls, 394 boys) supported the unidimensionality of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 among Chinese adolescents. Internal consistency reliability was upheld via McDonald's omega. Convergent validity was supported by its moderate-to-strong relationships with body satisfaction, functionality satisfaction, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, while its small-to-moderate correlation with social desirability provided somewhat weaker discriminant validity support. Criterion-related validity was upheld by its inverse correlation with eating disorder symptomatology and positive correlation with intuitive eating. It explained unique variance in self-esteem (for girls and boys), eating disorder symptomatology (for girls), and intuitive eating (for boys) beyond age, body satisfaction, and functionality satisfaction, providing incremental validity evidence. A subsample of 134 girls and 114 boys completed the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 again after three months, and test-retest reliability was upheld. The confirmatory factor analysis in Study 2 (N = 337; 192 girls, 145 boys) replicated the unidimensional structure and supported measurement invariance across gender. Collectively, the present study supported the unidimensionality, reliability, and validity of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2's scores among Chinese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyu Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus and Marion Campuses, Marion, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rousseau A. Body-Positive Instagram Exposure and Young Women's Body Image: The Mediating Role of Appearance Comparison and Broadly Conceptualizing Beauty. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1520-1531. [PMID: 37280780 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2222460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is mixed as to whether viewing body-positive content on social media can cultivate positive body image in women. Body-positive exposure has been linked to positive (e.g. body satisfaction) and negative (e.g. self-objectification) outcomes. To increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between body-positive social media exposure and positive body image, this study tested two mediators: upward appearance comparisons and broad conceptualization of beauty. Combining insights from social comparison theory, objectification theory, and the acceptance model of body appreciation, we examined whether broadly conceptualizing beauty and engaging in fewer upward appearance comparisons can connect body-positive exposure on Instagram to decreased body surveillance and increased body appreciation. A sample of 345 young women (Mage = 21.65, SD = 1.70) participated in an online survey. Parallel mediation analyses showed that higher relative exposure to body-positive content on Instagram was indirectly related to decreased body surveillance and increased body appreciation, via lower engagement in upward appearance comparisons and a broader conceptualizing beauty. Taken together, body-positive posts on Instagram can positively contribute to women's body image, if they stimulate protective filtering of idealized content, decrease the relevance of idealized models as comparison targets, and increase perceptions of unconditional body appreciation by others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Rousseau
- Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social Sciences, KU Leuven
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jannink T, Bordewijk EM, Aalberts J, Hendriks J, Lehmann V, Hoek A, Goddijn M, van Wely M. Anxiety, depression, and body image among infertile women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2024; 39:784-791. [PMID: 38335234 PMCID: PMC10988102 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION In women undergoing fertility treatment, do those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression and lower body appreciation than women without PCOS? SUMMARY ANSWER Having PCOS was not associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression but was associated with somewhat lower body appreciation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PCOS has been associated with a higher chance to develop mental health problems, like anxiety, and body image concerns. The International Guidelines on PCOS recommend that all women with PCOS should routinely be screened for anxiety and depressive disorders. In most studies in this field, the comparison group included healthy women without fertility problems. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We conducted a cross-sectional survey study between May 2021 and July 2023, using an online questionnaire. We informed women about this study at fertility clinics in the Netherlands through posters and leaflets and on the websites of the Dutch patient organizations Freya and Stichting PCOS. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study included women with infertility, with and without PCOS, who were undergoing fertility treatment. Women completed two assessment tools: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Primary outcomes were clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety (score ≥ 11) and depression (score ≥ 11), and BAS-2 scores. Secondary outcomes were mean anxiety and depression scores and anxiety and depression scores of 8 and higher. Dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes were analysed using logistic and linear regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI, and duration of infertility. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 1025 women currently undergoing infertility treatment participated, of whom 502 (49.0%) had PCOS and 523 (51.0%) had other infertility diagnoses. We found self-reported clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety in 33.1% of women with PCOS and in 31.0% of women with other infertility diagnoses (adjusted OR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.74-1.31). Clinically relevant symptoms of depression were reported in 15.5% of women with PCOS versus 14.5% of women with other infertility diagnoses (adjusted OR: 1.04, 95% CI 0.71-1.50). Women with PCOS reported slightly less body appreciation (adjusted mean difference: -1.34, 95% CI -2.32 to -0.36). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Results are based on self-report and may have been affected by sampling bias. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Although guidelines recommend screening women with PCOS, feelings of anxiety and depression can be present in any woman undergoing fertility treatments. We advise fertility clinics to be aware of women's mental health issues and to offer support accordingly, as a part of routine care. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study did not receive specific funding. All authors report no conflict of interest related to the current research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was pre-registered at OSF: https://osf.io/qbeav.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jannink
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M Bordewijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Aalberts
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Hendriks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V Lehmann
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Psychology Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Hoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Goddijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Wely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Engel MM, Woertman EM, Dijkerman HC, Keizer A. Functionality appreciation is associated with improvements in positive and negative body image in patients with an eating disorder and following recovery. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:179. [PMID: 37814348 PMCID: PMC10561462 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on body image in eating disorders has predominantly focused on negative body image, only recently shifting to positive body image. Findings suggest that enhancing positive body image can, amongst other things, serve as a protective mechanism against (re)developing a negative body image. One suggested way of enhancing positive body image is to focus on enhancing body functionality appreciation. Although studies show promising effects, this research is mainly conducted in non-clinical samples. METHODS The current study investigated the levels of positive and negative body image in an online community sample of patients with an eating disorder (PAT, n = 227), patients recovered from an eating disorder (REC, n = 102) and controls (HC, n = 175) (self-reported diagnosis, not confirmed). In addition, we tested whether body functionality appreciation was associated with appearance dissatisfaction (negative body image) and body appreciation (positive body image). RESULTS REC showed similar results to controls to most of the body image measures except for how much importance one places on their appearance (no different between REC and PAT), and how satisfied one is with certain body parts. For this measure, REC scored in-between PAT and HC. We further found functionality appreciation to be significantly associated with of both positive and negative body image, except for appearance evaluation in patients with an eating disorder. CONCLUSIONS This study showed a positive association between body functionality appreciation and positive body image and a negative association between body functionality appreciation and negative body image. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of interventions targeting body functionality appreciation in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manja M Engel
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - E M Woertman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H C Dijkerman
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Keizer
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kvardova N, Lacko D, Machackova H. The validity of the Czech version of Body Appreciation Scale-2 for adolescents. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:176. [PMID: 37798665 PMCID: PMC10557209 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the formation of body image is critical for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders, especially in adolescence, when body image develops significantly. One of the important facets of body image is body appreciation, which consists of positive feelings and attitudes towards the body regardless of its perceived "flaws". To measure body appreciation, Body Appreciation Scale-2 (Tylka and Wood-Barcalow in Body Image 12:53-67, 2015a), a unidimensional 10-item measure, has been developed and routinely used in body image research. The current study examined the validity (i.e., factor structure, gender and age invariance, associations with other constructs) of the Czech version of Body Appreciation Scale-2 for adolescents. METHODS The study used two large samples of Czech adolescents, aged 13-18 (N1 = 613, M = 15.5, 52% girls; N2 = 1,530, M = 15.4, 50% girls). The data were collected in August 2021 (N1) and November 2020 (N2) through an online survey. For the data analysis, we used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). RESULTS Our findings supported the proposed unidimensional factor structure and the gender (i.e., girls, boys) and age (i.e., 13-15, 16-18) scalar invariance of the Czech version of Body Appreciation Scale-2. The data also showed the expected positive correlations with body satisfaction and self-esteem, and negative correlations with media-ideal internalization, appearance schematicity, and depression. Furthermore, we discovered that body appreciation was more strongly connected to media-ideal internalization and depression for girls than boys. CONCLUSIONS The present study provided robust evidence that supports the validity of the Czech version of Body Appreciation Scale-2 and its usability for the assessment of body appreciation in Czech adolescents. We also proposed future directions for the research on body appreciation based on the explored gender differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Kvardova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - David Lacko
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Machackova
- Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Jostova 10, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fekih-Romdhane F, Azzi V, Malaeb D, Sarray El Dine A, Obeid S, Hallit S. Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the body appreciation scale (BAS-2) and its short forms (BAS-2SF) in a community sample of Lebanese adults. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:160. [PMID: 37723503 PMCID: PMC10506330 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00885-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to examine the factor structure, reliability, validity and gender invariance of the Arabic Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), and its two short forms (the 3-item and 2-item BAS-2SF) among community Lebanese Arabic-speaking adults. METHODS We carried-out an online cross-sectional survey. The 10-item BAS-2, the functionality appreciation scale and the Eating Attitudes Test-26 were completed by 826 Lebanese community adults (57.9% females, aged 25.42 ± 8.44 years). RESULTS The Arabic 10-item, 3-item and 2-item BAS-2 converged on a one-factor solution, and demonstrated high internal consistency (McDonald's ω value of .92, .88, and .86 respectively). All indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across gender. The 3-item and 2-item BAS-2SF were highly correlated with the original BAS-2 (r > 0.9). Higher 10-item, 3-item and 2-item BAS-2 scores correlated significantly and strongly with more positive eating attitudes and greater functionality appreciation, and higher 10-item BAS-2 scores correlated positively and weakly with BMI, supporting convergent validity. CONCLUSION The present work contributes to the literature by providing a psychometrically sound Arabic-translation of the BAS-2 and short-forms, benefitting both researchers and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi Hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vanessa Azzi
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- School of Arts and Sciences, Social and Education Sciences Department, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Psychology Department, College of Humanities, Effat University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR, Ghafouri K, Noorwali E. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Body Image Satisfaction and Appreciation Among Saudi Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e33468. [PMID: 36751167 PMCID: PMC9900045 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity remains a public health concern, and intermittent fasting (IF) is a popular strategy for weight loss that has gained considerable scientific and popular attention. However, weight control can affect body image. Poor body image and its impact on psychological well-being are linked to obesity in many individuals. Body appreciation is a crucial characteristic of positive body image. However, there is a lack of studies assessing these relationships in Saudi adults. AIM To evaluate the associations between IF diet, body image satisfaction, and body appreciation in Saudi adults. METHOD A web-based cross-sectional study was done with healthy Saudi adults aged 18 to 50 years old who followed the IF diet. The questionnaire had five sections: a brief study introduction, sociodemographic variables, adherence to the diet, modified body image scale, and body appreciation scale. Ethical approval was obtained. RESULTS A total of 190 participants were included in this study, including 59 (31.1%) males and 131 (68.9%) females. Comparing before and after IF, the body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased after IF (p < 0.001). After IF, a significant decrease in the body image dissatisfaction score was observed (p < 0.001). A significant increase was noted in the body appreciation score (p < 0.001). Conclusion: IF is significantly associated with better body image satisfaction and body appreciation. These results may help weight loss studies and may have public health implications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Validation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents and sexuality-related correlates. Body Image 2022; 43:193-204. [PMID: 36154978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Body dissatisfaction has received considerable scientific attention, while research about positive body image has been neglected, particularly among adolescents. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) the factor structure of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) in a large sample of cisgender, heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents, (2) measurement invariance across language, gender and sexual orientation-based groups, (3) convergent validity with sexuality-related outcomes and (4) one-year temporal stability. Results of a confirmatory analysis among 2419 adolescents (Mage=14.6 years, SD=0.62; 52.6% girls) corroborated the proposed one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. The BAS-2 demonstrated adequate reliability and one-year temporal stability. The scale was partially invariant across gender and fully invariant across language and cisgender heterosexual and sexual and gender minority adolescents. Boys (cis and trans) had higher levels of body appreciation than girls (cis and trans), while no significant differences were observed between heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents. The BAS-2 correlated positively with sexual satisfaction and sexual body-esteem as well as negatively with sexual distress. Our findings support the validity and reliability of the BAS-2 in French and English for measuring body appreciation in adolescents.
Collapse
|
9
|
McGovern O, Collins R, Dunne S. The associations between photo-editing and body concerns among females: A systematic review. Body Image 2022; 43:504-517. [PMID: 36371869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research has raised concerns about the growing prevalence of photo-editing behaviour and how this may negatively interact with body-related concerns among females. This review aimed to systematically examine the current evidence relating to the associations between photo-editing behaviour and female body concerns, including body image, body dissatisfaction and body modification. Six databases were searched for studies investigating associations between photo-editing and body concerns in female social media users. Empirical studies published in English were included if they quantitatively measured the association between photo-editing and at least one of the body-related outcomes, and included female participants. A narrative synthesis of the 22 studies meeting these specific criteria was completed. This review revealed mixed findings in relation to the associations between photo-editing and body concerns. The findings indicate there may be a more complex relationship between both concepts that is influenced by alternative factors. The findings also revealed considerable heterogeneity in measurement approaches for both photo-editing behaviour and body-related outcomes. Future research should focus on developing a gold-standard approach to the measurement of various body-related concerns and conducting in-depth analyses in order to further understand the complex relationship between photo-editing and female social media users' body concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orla McGovern
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Simon Dunne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
An International Study of Correlates of Women's Positive Body Image. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2022; 12:1521-1534. [PMID: 36286091 PMCID: PMC9601667 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive body image (PBI) has received attention in the recent research literature. Despite this, its role in daily functioning in different cultural contexts, particularly its potential relationship with academic outcomes, is still lacking. This study aimed to offer an international perspective on the association between PBI and body mass index (BMI), perceived academic achievement, and educational aspirations, as well as the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-national study was conducted in eight European countries with a total of 2653 female university students. Participants completed an online survey measuring PBI (conceptualized as body appreciation), self-esteem, perceived academic achievement and aspirations, and body mass index (BMI). Results revealed differences in PBI between countries (low magnitude). PBI correlated negatively with BMI in all national groups (low-to-moderate magnitude). Mediation analysis showed that self-esteem mediated the association between PBI and academic variables. Findings from this study suggest that building students’ self-esteem and PBI can be a suitable way to boost academic success.
Collapse
|
11
|
Portuguese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C): Psychometric evaluation and measurement of invariance across sex. Body Image 2022; 42:419-426. [PMID: 35944392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Body appreciation, a central aspect of positive body image, recently started to capture the attention of the scientific community as a potential determinant of well-being. However, little is known about onset and early identification in both males and females, as studies on this subject in childhood are still scarce, due in part to a dearth of validated instruments. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties and sex invariance of a Portuguese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C; Halliwell et al., 2017). We also explored the relationship between the BAS-2C and body mass index z-scores (BMIz). Participants were 328 children, ages 9-to-11 years (50.9% girls). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the one-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit, but sex invariance was not supported. Differential item functioning analysis revealed that boys and girls respond differently to item #9, which assesses body comfort. BAS-2C scores evidenced internal consistency and convergent validity with quality of life, healthy eating habits, and body size dissatisfaction. BMIz showed a low ability to predict body appreciation. This study brings support for the use of the BAS-2C in Portuguese-speaking children, but caution is warranted in comparing BAS-2C scores across sexes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Korean translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2022; 42:11-24. [PMID: 35617824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The applicability of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) in a Korean context is still unexplored, even though awareness of the importance of a positive body image has increased in South Korea. The current study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Korean translation of the BAS-2, specifically to (1) translate and culturally adapt the BAS-2 to Korea, (2) confirm its unidimensional construct, and (3) identify its associations with body image and psychological outcomes across sex with a Korean sample. Data from 839 Korean adult men (n = 415) and women (n = 424) were randomly split into two subsamples. Using the exploratory factor analysis to confirmatory factor analysis strategy, the current study showed support for one factor structure of a Korean translation of the BAS-2. Scalar measurement invariance was found between men and women. Further analyses revealed construct validity through associations with measures of muscularity and body fat dissatisfaction (for men), internalization (for women), and appearance evaluation, as well as incremental validity through hierarchical regression analyses predicting life satisfaction and self-esteem. The Korean BAS-2 presented good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The Korean BAS-2 is a reliable and valid measure, allowing for cross-cultural comparisons of body appreciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Lee
- Dept. of Fashion Design, Konkuk University Glocal Campus, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 27478, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. Body Image 2022; 42:257-262. [PMID: 35841699 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Positive body image may be particularly relevant to assess for Brazilian gay and bisexual men, given the extent of sexual minority stressors (e.g., harassment, discrimination) in Brazilian culture, which can impair one's self-perception and concept. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men, aged 18-50 years. We evaluated the factor structure using a two-step, split-sample exploratory (EFA; n = 682) and confirmatory factor analytic approach (CFA; n = 727), which supported the one-factor structure of the measure. Additionally, convergent validity, internal consistency, and 2-week test-retest reliability were assessed. The BAS-2 scores showed small to large negative correlations with self-objectification beliefs and behaviors, drive for muscularity and appearance-ideal internalization measures. We also found good internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the measure. Taken together, these results support the use of the BAS-2 in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men and provide an initial understanding of body appreciation and other related constructs among this population.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma J, Wang K, Tylka TL. Psychometric properties of a Mandarin Chinese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 with residents from Chinese mainland. Body Image 2022; 42:110-119. [PMID: 35691102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to translate the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) into Mandarin Chinese and explore its psychometric properties with college students from the Chinese mainland. In Study 1 (N = 840, 415 women, 425 men), an exploratory factor analysis upheld the unidimensional factor structure of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2, and McDonald's omega supported the internal consistency reliability of its scores. Evidence of construct validity of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 was also accrued via its positive correlations with self-esteem, self-compassion, and body satisfaction as well as negative correlations with BMI, weight discrepancy, negative affect, and body surveillance. Its negative correlation with eating disorder symptomatology and negligible correlation with impression management supported its criterion-related validity and discriminant validity, respectively. Additionally, the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 contributed unique variance in eating disorder symptomatology and self-esteem beyond the variance explained by BMI and other body satisfaction measures, providing evidence of incremental validity. Study 2 (N = 522, 322 women, 230 men) confirmed its unidimensional factor structure, upheld the internal consistency and stability of its scores over a 3-month period, and supported its measurement invariance between women and men. Taken together, these findings support the cross-cultural validity of the Mandarin Chinese BAS-2 on the Chinse mainland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Child Healthcare Department, Jiangyou Second Hospital, Sichan, China.
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus and Marion Campuses, Marion, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Linardon J. Reciprocal associations between intuitive eating and positive body image components: A multi-wave, cross-lagged study. Appetite 2022; 178:106184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
16
|
Behrend N, Warschburger P. Validation of a German version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Body Image 2022; 41:216-224. [PMID: 35279465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is the most current measure of body appreciation, a central facet of positive body image. This work aimed to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of a German version. In Study 1 (N = 659; Mage = 27.19, SD = 8.57), exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed that the German BAS-2 has a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men, showing cross-gender factor similarity. In Study 2 (N = 472; Mage = 30.08, SD = 12.35), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) further supported the original scale's one-dimensional factor structure after freeing correlated errors. The German BAS-2 also showed partial scalar invariance across gender, with women and men not differing significantly in latent mean scores. As predicted, we found convergent relationships with measures of self-esteem, intuitive eating, and variables associated with negative body image (i.e., weight- and shape concerns, drive for thinness). Correlations with BMI were small and in an inverse direction. Incremental validity was demonstrated by predicting self-esteem and intuitive eating over and above measures of negative body image. Additionally, the German BAS-2 showed internal consistency and 2-week test-retest reliability. Overall, our results suggest that the German BAS-2 is a psychometrically sound instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Behrend
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tylka TL, Linardon J, Wood-Barcalow NL, Daníelsdóttir S, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Short forms of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2SF): Item selection and psychometric evaluation. Body Image 2022; 41:308-330. [PMID: 35427857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) is a widely used contemporary measure of positive body image that assesses one's love for, acceptance and appreciation of, and respect for their body. Given the need for abbreviated measures to reduce participant burden and study cost, we aimed to generate a short form of the BAS-2 (BAS-2SF). Two versions of the BAS-2SF emerged: a 3-item version derived deductively from theory (items selected based on their unique contribution to the body appreciation construct), and a 2-item version generated empirically (items selected based on a genetic algorithm approach). Psychometric evidence was garnered across five studies, totaling 3114 participants. Both BAS-2SF versions correlated highly (rs = .93-.97) with the original 10-item BAS-2 and demonstrated internally consistent and stable scores. Factor analyses revealed high item-factor loadings, unidimensionality, and gender invariance of the 3-item BAS-2SF. Correlations with construct validity measures, as well as model pathways, were similar between both BAS-2SF versions and the 10-item BAS-2. BAS-2SF versions also evidenced incremental validity. Both BAS-2SF versions retain the psychometric integrity of the BAS-2 and are recommended for use; however, the 3-item BAS-2SF is an ideal option for researchers who wish to estimate a body appreciation latent factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus and Marion Campuses, United States.
| | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Milton A, Hambleton A, Roberts A, Davenport T, Flego A, Burns J, Hickie I. Body Image Distress and Its Associations From an International Sample of Men and Women Across the Adult Life Span: Web-Based Survey Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e25329. [PMID: 34734831 PMCID: PMC8603168 DOI: 10.2196/25329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on body image distress mainly relied on samples that were small, generally homogeneous in age or sex, often limited to one geographical region, and were characterized by a lack of comprehensive analysis of multiple psychosocial domains. The research presented in this paper extends the international literature using the results of the web-based Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015. The survey included a large sample of both men and women aged ≥16 years from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, or the United States. OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this study are to examine body image distress across the adult life span (≥16 years) and sex and assess the association between body image distress and various psychosocial risk and protective factors. METHODS Data were extracted from the Global Health and Wellbeing Survey 2015, a web-based international self-report survey with 10,765 respondents, and compared with previous web-based surveys conducted in 2009 and 2012. RESULTS The body image distress of young Australians (aged 16-25 years) significantly rose by 33% from 2009 to 2015. In 2015, 75.19% (961/1278) of 16- to 25-year-old adults reported body image distress worldwide, and a decline in body image distress was noted with increasing age. More women reported higher levels of body image distress than men (1953/3338, 58.51% vs 853/2175, 39.22%). Sex, age, current dieting status, perception of weight, psychological distress, alcohol and other substance misuse, and well-being significantly explained 24% of the variance in body image distress in a linear regression (F15,4966=105.8; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the significant interplay between body image distress and psychosocial factors across age and sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Milton
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Ashlea Hambleton
- Project Synergy, InnoWell Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia.,Inside Out Institute for Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Roberts
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Project Synergy, InnoWell Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tracey Davenport
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Project Synergy, InnoWell Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Flego
- The Movember Foundation, Australia, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jane Burns
- Project Synergy, InnoWell Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Urke HB, Holsen I, Larsen T. Positive Youth Development and Mental Well-Being in Late Adolescence: The Role of Body Appreciation. Findings From a Prospective Study in Norway. Front Psychol 2021; 12:696198. [PMID: 34497559 PMCID: PMC8419256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.696198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a vulnerable period, adolescence is a time of great potential for healthy development. Understanding factors that contribute to mental well-being in this period is of great importance to facilitate for healthy development. During the adolescence period the body goes through rapid and considerable changes, and the focus on body appearance and perfection is substantial at societal, media, and peer level. In this study, we investigated the association between dimensions characterizing positive youth development, and mental well-being among Norwegian adolescents 16-17 years 1 year later, and whether this association was mediated by degree of body appreciation. We further tested whether the indirect and direct paths between positive youth development dimensions and mental well-being were moderated by gender. We used data from the first and second follow-up of the control arm of the COMPLETE study, a cluster randomized controlled trial in upper secondary schools in Norway. Findings showed that positive youth development in grade 1, as measured by both a combined global PYD and the dimensions competence, and connection were significantly associated with mental well-being in grade 2 in models adjusted for mental well-being in grade 1, gender and perceived family affluence. Also, body appreciation in grade 1 significantly predicted mental well-being in grade 2 in models including each of global PYD, competence, connection, character, and caring dimensions. Contrary to our hypothesis, no mediating effects of body appreciation were observed, and no moderation of indirect effects by gender were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helga Bjørnøy Urke
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingrid Holsen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Torill Larsen
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Translation and validation of an Italian version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2021; 37:1-5. [PMID: 33545619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body appreciation is considered a key dimension of positive body image. Tylka and Wood-Barcalow (2015) developed the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2), a psychometrically sound measure to assess body appreciation. The present study examines various psychometric properties (i.e. factor structure, sex-based measurement invariance, and construct validity) of an Italian translation of the BAS-2 in a community sample (N = 601; F = 50.6 %; Mage = 25.72; SD = 4.81). Exploratory factor analyses with a randomly selected split-half subsample (n = 300; F = 50 %) supported the one-dimensional factor structure among both sexes. Confirmatory factor analyses with a second split-half subsample (n = 301; F = 51.16 %) indicated that the one-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit after some modifications were made. BAS-2 scores achieved full invariance across sex and men reported significantly higher scores than women (d = 0.45). Further, the Italian version of the BAS-2 had good internal consistency and was positively correlated with self-esteem and life satisfaction, whereas negative associations were found with body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. Results indicated that the Italian BAS-2 has good psychometric properties.
Collapse
|
21
|
Escoto Ponce de León MDC, Cervantes-Luna BS, Camacho Ruiz EJ. Cross-validation of the body appreciation scale-2: invariance across sex, body mass index, and age in Mexican adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1187-1194. [PMID: 33026603 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-validation is a useful strategy to address problems associated with the post hoc model fitting. The aim of this study was to cross-validate the BAS-2, in two samples (Calibration and Validation Samples), using an invariance testing strategy. 1127 Mexican adolescents (508 males and 619 females), aged 11-19 years (M = 15.41, SD = 2.30), allocated in two samples (n1 = 672; n2 = 455) completed the Mexican version of the BAS-2, along with other body image-related instruments. The cross-validation supported the generalizability of the one-factor respecified model of the BAS-2. The measure was invariant across body mass index and age, but not across sex. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability (a three-week period between each test) was excellent. In support of the validity of the BAS-2, it was positively associated with scores on body esteem, but negatively with body mass index, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction. Normal-weight and young adolescents groups showed higher body appreciation than excess-weight and late adolescents groups, respectively. Considering these findings, it is reasonable to conclude that the BAS-2 is a reliable and valid instrument to assess body appreciation in Mexican adolescents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, cross-sectional, descriptive study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenda Sarahi Cervantes-Luna
- Department of Psychology, Centro Universitario UAEM Ecatepec, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Ecatepec, Mexico
| | - Esteban Jaime Camacho Ruiz
- Health Education Department and Health Sociology Master Program, Centro Universitario Nezahualcóyotl, Universidad Autónoma de Estado de México, Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sundgot-Borgen C, Sundgot-Borgen J, Bratland-Sanda S, Kolle E, Torstveit MK, Svantorp-Tveiten KME, Mathisen TF. Body appreciation and body appearance pressure in Norwegian university students comparing exercise science students and other students. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:532. [PMID: 33740918 PMCID: PMC7977603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image is considered a core issue for public health and associates with university students' overall health. Due to positive associations between exercise and body image, it has been suggested that students within an exercise science program might be more body appreciative compared to other students. On the other hand, the strong societal idealization of the athletic body may expose them to a pressure of having a specific body appearance, which may result in unfavorable health consequences. Nevertheless, studies investigating these hypotheses are lacking. We therefore aimed to explore the level and associations of body appreciation, body appearance pressure, body image related mental health constructs, physical activity, and exercise, in Norwegian university exercise science and non-health reference students. METHOD Male and female exercise science students (n = 517) and reference students (n = 476), from nine large universities in Norway took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants responded to the Body appreciation scale-2, a self-developed questionnaire on body appearance pressure, Physical Appearance Comparison Scale-Revised, Sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4R, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and questions about physical activity and exercise. Between group differences were analyzed using student independent t-test and ANCOVA for parametric data and Chi-square test for categorical data, and associations were evaluated by Person's correlation. P-values ≤0.05 were defined as significant. RESULTS Female exercise science students had higher scores on body appreciation compared to reference students. No group difference was found in males. A high percentage of students reported experiencing body appearance pressure, with 69 and 85% among male and female exercise science students, and 57 and 83% among male and female reference students. Fitness centers were the settings where most respondents experienced body appearance pressure. Body appreciation was strongly associated with favorable scores on body image related mental health constructs, while personally experienced body appearance pressure associated with destructive scores on the same constructs. CONCLUSION Body appearance pressure is an issue among university students regardless of study program. Actions to promote body appreciation and prevent body appearance pressure may include an implementation of media literacy, body functionality, and exercise as topics within the education program to safeguard students' health and well-being. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY No. NCT04256967 .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
- grid.55325.340000 0004 0389 8485Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway, P.O. Box 235, N-3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Klungland Torstveit
- grid.23048.3d0000 0004 0417 6230University of Agder, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Postbox 422, 4604 Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kethe M. E. Svantorp-Tveiten
- grid.412285.80000 0000 8567 2092Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Sognsveien 220, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Therese Fostervold Mathisen
- grid.446040.20000 0001 1940 9648Østfold University College, Department of Health and Welfare, PO 700, 1757 Halden, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Melissant HC, Jansen F, Eerenstein SEJ, Cuijpers P, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Sherman KA, Laan ETM, Leemans CR, Verdonck-de Leeuw IM. A structured expressive writing activity targeting body image-related distress among head and neck cancer survivors: who do we reach and what are the effects? Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:5763-5776. [PMID: 33738593 PMCID: PMC8410700 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this pretest–posttest study was to investigate the reach and effects of My Changed Body (MyCB), an expressive writing activity based on self-compassion, among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Methods This pilot study had a pretest–posttest design. HNC survivors received an invitation to complete a baseline survey on body image-related distress. At the end of the survey, HNC survivors were asked if they were interested in the intervention study. This entailed the writing activity and a survey 1 week and 1 month post-intervention. The reach was calculated by dividing the number of participants in the intervention study, by the number of (1) eligible HNC survivors and (2) those who filled in the baseline survey. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effect on body image-related distress. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with the reach and reduced body image-related distress. MyCB was evaluated using study-specific questions. Results The reach of MyCB was 15–33% (depending on reference group) and was associated with lower education level, more social eating problems, and fewer wound healing problems. Among the 87 participants, 9 (10%) showed a clinically relevant improvement in body image-related distress. No significant effect on body image-related distress was found. Self-compassion improved significantly during follow-up until 1 month post-intervention (p=0.003). Users rated satisfaction with MyCB as 7.2/10. Conclusion MyCB does not significantly improve body image-related distress, but is likely to increase self-compassion, which sustains for at least 1 month. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06114-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen C Melissant
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Jansen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone E J Eerenstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry A Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ellen T M Laan
- Department of Sexology and Psychosomatic OBGYN, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C René Leemans
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Irma M Verdonck-de Leeuw
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Piko BF, Obál A, Mellor D. Body Appreciation in Light of Psychological, Health- and Weight-Related Variables Among Female Adolescents. EUROPES JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 16:676-687. [PMID: 33680205 PMCID: PMC7909497 DOI: 10.5964/ejop.v16i4.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has begun to focus on positive body image and how this can be supported in adolescence. Body appreciation is a key element of positive body image, and has been associated with self-reported health status, weight-related concern, family factors and psychological variables such as self-esteem. In this study we explored these associations among Hungarian adolescent females. Female high school students from two major towns in Csongrád county, Hungary (N = 454; age range from 14 to 20; M = 16.3 years, SD = 1.2) completed questionnaires assessing body appreciation, self-esteem, optimism, life satisfaction and health- and weight-related variables. Analyses revealed that body appreciation was most strongly related to self-esteem, as well as being positively associated with life satisfaction, self-perceived health, being in control of diet, and engagement in sport. Conversely, binge drinking, engaging in slimming behaviors and having eating disorders in the family were negatively associated with body appreciation. These findings provide some indications of factors that might be targetted in health education programs aiming to promote positive body image and to develop resilience against body dissatisfaction in this demographic group. Such programs should also include information of nutrition and media literacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina F Piko
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annabella Obál
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He J, Sun S, Lin Z, Fan X. The association between body appreciation and body mass index among males and females: A meta-analysis. Body Image 2020; 34:10-26. [PMID: 32505864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, a number of studies have reported an association between body appreciation and body mass index (BMI), but the findings are not consistent. Using a meta-analytic approach, the current study aimed to clarify this association as well as to explore what factors might have contributed to the inconsistency across previous studies. By searching and screening potential studies published up to June 2019 in four databases, we identified 26 articles that reported an association between body appreciation and BMI among males, and 59 articles among females. Under a random-effects model, among males the overall estimate of the association between body appreciation and BMI was negative and small, with the pooled r = -.20 (95 % CI: -.25, -.14) and an adjusted (for publication bias) pooled r = -.11 (95 % CI: -.16, -.06). Among females, the overall estimate of the association was negative and small (but close to moderate), with r = -.27 (95 % CI: -.30, -.24). A mixed-effects model identified several moderators that contributed to the inconsistency across previous studies. These results indicate that the overall negative association between body appreciation and BMI is weak among males, and slightly larger among females. Potential explanations, implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo He
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaojing Sun
- School of Journalism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xitao Fan
- School of Humanities and Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Linardon J, Messer M, Lisboa J, Newton A, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. Examining the factor structure, sex invariance, and psychometric properties of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and the Functionality Appreciation Scale. Body Image 2020; 34:1-9. [PMID: 32512524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Body image flexibility and functionality appreciation are two facets of positive body image gaining significant research attention. The measures that assess these constructs- the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ) and Functionality Appreciation Scale (FAS), respectively-have produced a unidimensional structure with adequate psychometric properties. However, the cross-sex invariance of the BI-AAQ has yet to be established, and replicating the FAS' one-factor structure is needed. We examined the factor structure, cross-sex invariance, and psychometric properties of the BI-AAQ and FAS. Data were analyzed from 383 men and 631 women who completed questionnaires (participants were not restricted to a specific country). An unacceptable model fit for the BI-AAQ was found for men and women, indicating that the unidimensional structure was not replicated. The unidimensional structure of the FAS and an abbreviated 5-item BI-AAQ was replicated, and tests of measurement invariance between men and women were upheld. Evidence of internal consistency, convergent validity, and incremental validity for the abbreviated BI-AAQ and FAS was found. Overall, the abbreviated BI-AAQ and the FAS appear to be psychometrically sound measures of positive body image. Findings suggest that sex comparisons on the abbreviated BI-AAQ and FAS are permissible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Mariel Messer
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Juliana Lisboa
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Angela Newton
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia; Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Geller S, Handelzalts JE, Levy S, Boxer N, Todd J, Swami V. An examination of the factor structure and preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of a Hebrew translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Body Image 2020; 34:145-154. [PMID: 32674037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely-used, 10-item measure of a core facet of positive body image. To extend its use internationally, we examined the factor structure and conducted a preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of a novel Hebrew translation of the BAS-2. A sample of 613 Israeli adults (362 women, 251 men; age M = 29.52, SD = 9.47) completed the BAS-2 alongside demographic items and previously-validated measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-compassion, and body investment. Exploratory factor analyses with a semi-random split-half subsample (n = 377) indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items. This factor structure was equivalent across women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a second split-half subsample (n = 235) showed the 1-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit following one modification and multi-group CFA showed that the model was invariant across sex. Men had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than women, but the effect size was small (d = 0.22). Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated through positive associations with indices of life satisfaction, self-esteem, self-compassion, and body investment. The availability of a validated BAS-2 Hebrew translation should advance future research of body appreciation in Israel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Geller
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.
| | - Jonathan E Handelzalts
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sigal Levy
- Statistics Education Unit, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Nofar Boxer
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Jennifer Todd
- Division of Psychology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Viren Swami
- Division of Psychology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Razmus M, Razmus W, Tylka TL, Jović M, Jović M, Namatame H. Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 across five countries. Body Image 2020; 34:270-276. [PMID: 32711371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a, 2015b) is a widely used measure of positive body image within many cultures and countries; yet, cross-cultural examinations are few. The present study aimed to investigate the measurement invariance of the BAS-2 across adults from five countries: Iran, Japan, Poland, Serbia, and the U.S. The sample included 2944 participants ranging in age from 18 to 82 years. The findings provided evidence that the BAS-2's one-dimensional structure is the same in these countries. Partial metric invariance (when some but not all items contribute to a latent construct equally for groups) indicated that nine out of 10 items contributed to the latent body appreciation construct to a similar degree across the countries. When a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model was applied with participants' age and gender as covariates, evidence of differential item functioning was found. Results suggest that both age and gender influenced body appreciation, indicating that the body appreciation factor means are different at different levels of the covariates. In conclusion, cross-culturally body appreciation may be shaped by country, language, age, and gender correlates to different degrees. In future research, measurement invariance analyses should be conducted prior to cultural group comparisons on the BAS-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Plac Litewski 5, 20-080, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Raclawickie 14, 20-950, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tracy L Tylka
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1465 Mt. Vernon Avenue, Marion, OH, 43302, United States.
| | - Marija Jović
- Department of Marketing Management and Public Relations, University of Belgrade, Jove Ilića 154, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Jović
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Zvecanska 9, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Hikari Namatame
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Namatame H, Yashima Y, Sawamiya Y. Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C). Body Image 2020; 33:7-12. [PMID: 32062410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the heightened interest in positive body image research in recent years, few studies have explored positive body image among children. Examining the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C) using a different cultural sample than the original version would thus be beneficial in extending the research on this topic. This research aimed to validate the BAS-2C for use in Japan. The measures were administered to 243 children, and the participants completed the survey in their classrooms with the support of a teacher. The survey was repeated after four weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the one-factor structure was the same as that of the original version, and the BAS-2C was invariant across gender. Scores on the BAS-2C demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability over a four-week period. In addition, construct validity was accrued through the BAS-2C's correlation with body dissatisfaction (among girls), self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results indicated that the BAS-2C shows good psychometric properties among Japanese children, and supports further research into positive body image in this group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Namatame
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan; National Center for Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira City, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Yoko Sawamiya
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baceviciene M, Jankauskiene R. Associations between Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating in a Large Sample of Adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030752. [PMID: 32178334 PMCID: PMC7146197 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Body appreciation is one of the main facets of a positive body image. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2-LT) and test the associations between body appreciation and disordered eating in a large sample of adolescents of both genders. Method: The sample consisted of 1412 adolescents (40.2% were boys). The ages ranged from 15 to 18 years (92.4% were 17), with a mean age of 16.9 (SD = 0.5) for girls and 17.0 (SD = 0.4) for boys. Participants completed the BAS-2-LT alongside the measures of body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, body mass index, self-esteem, body functionality, and participation in sports. Linear regressions were used to test the associations between study variables and disordered eating. Results: BAS-2-LT replicated the original one-dimensional structure in girls and boys. Invariance across genders was established. The instrument showed good internal consistency and temporal stability. Body appreciation was negatively correlated with higher levels of body mass index, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating. Positive associations were observed between body appreciation, self-esteem, body functionality, and sports participation. Higher levels of body appreciation decreased the risk of disordered eating behaviors in both genders. Conclusions: The results of the present study support the psychometric properties of BAS-2-LT. Body appreciation is associated with lower disordered eating in adolescent girls and boys. These findings present empirical support for the development of interventions programs that promote positive body images and aim to prevent disordered eating in adolescent boys and girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Migle Baceviciene
- Department of Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-37-302638
| | - Rasa Jankauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Góngora VC, Cruz Licea V, Mebarak Chams MR, Thornborrow T. Assessing the measurement invariance of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Mexican, Argentinean, and Colombian adolescents. Body Image 2020; 32:180-189. [PMID: 31982840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to advance in the study of positive body image among different cultures, it is important to create culturally appropriate measures. We examined the psychometric properties of a Latin-American Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a), specifically assessing measurement invariance using a large sample of 3845 male and female adolescents from Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia. Participants completed the BAS-2, Eating Disorder Inventory-2, Male Body Attitude Scale and the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3. The BAS-2 had a unidimensional factor structure in each of the three samples. We confirmed the structural, metric, and scalar invariance of the scale regardless of gender or country. Adolescents in Argentina had lower body appreciation compared with those in Mexico and Colombia. Overall, females had lower body appreciation than males, with the greatest gender difference found in the Argentinean sample. Our findings strongly support the validity and reliability of this Latin-American translation of the BAS-2 in measuring positive body image in adolescents in Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa C Góngora
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Department of Psychology, Social Science Faculty, Universidad de Palermo, Mario Bravo 1259, Buenos Aires, C1175ABW, Argentina.
| | - Verónica Cruz Licea
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad universitaria 3000, Col. Copilco, Del. Coyoacán, 04510, City of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Moises R Mebarak Chams
- Department of Psychology, Universidad del Norte, Km 5, Antigua vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Tracey Thornborrow
- Person Perception Lab, School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, 8 Brayford Wharf E, Lincoln, LN5 7AT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Argyrides M. The body appreciation scale-2: Translation and validation in the greek language. THE EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.5964/ejcop.v8i1.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric properties of a Greek translation of the 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) was examined. A total of 193 Greek-speaking female university students from Cyprus completed the BAS-2, along with measures of appearance satisfaction, investment in appearance, weight-related anxiety, self-esteem and body image quality of life. Principal-axis factor analysis indicated that the Greek version of the BAS-2 scores had a one-dimensional factor structure. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the unidimesionality of the measure. Further analyses indicated that Greek BAS-2 scores evidenced internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent validity with the other variables of interest. These results suggest that the Greek version of the BAS-2 has adequate psychometric properties and can be used within the Greek-speaking populations.
Collapse
|
33
|
Swami V, Barron D. Translation and validation of body image instruments: Challenges, good practice guidelines, and reporting recommendations for test adaptation. Body Image 2019; 31:204-220. [PMID: 30220631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Body image research has grown rapidly to include new cultural and linguistic populations, but this gives rise to a need for measurement instruments that are sensitive to local contextual variations while remaining equivalent across groups. Test adaptation, or the translation and validation of a source instrument for use in a new cultural group, is an important part of this process. Here, we offer an operational framework for conducting effective test adaptation. We cover good-practice guidelines for instrument translation and suggest effective strategies for achieving semantic equivalence of translated instruments. We also focus on measurement invariance and provide good-practice and reporting guidelines for conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, we suggest good-practice guidelines for demonstrating that scores on translated measures have good reliability and validity. It is our hope that the availability of this article will assist body image scholars seeking to conduct robust test adaptations of existing measurement tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sports Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Junqueira ACP, Laus MF, Sousa Almeida S, Braga Costa TM, Todd J, Swami V. Translation and validation of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in Brazilian adults. Body Image 2019; 31:160-170. [PMID: 31715552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). A sample of 990 Brazilian adults (560 women, 430 men; Mage = 31.10, SD = 8.94) completed the BAS-2 and measures of life satisfaction, self-esteem, actual-ideal weight discrepancy (women only), breast size dissatisfaction (women only), drive for muscularity (men only), and disordered eating behaviours. Exploratory factor analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items in women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of this one-dimensional factor structure following freeing of error covariances between two pairs of items. BAS-2 scores achieved full scalar invariance across sex, and men had significantly higher BAS-2 scores than women. Internal consistency coefficients were adequate and test-retest reliability was supported up to three weeks in a subsample of 221 participants (140 women, 81 men). Evidence of construct validity was demonstrated through positive associations with indices of psychological well-being and negative associations with indices of negative body image and disordered eating behaviours. Availability of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the BAS-2 should help to promote greater understanding of positive body image in the Brazilian context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Costa Pereira Junqueira
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Laus
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jennifer Todd
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kling J, Kwakkenbos L, Diedrichs PC, Rumsey N, Frisén A, Brandão MP, Silva AG, Dooley B, Rodgers RF, Fitzgerald A. Systematic review of body image measures. Body Image 2019; 30:170-211. [PMID: 31394462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises measurement properties of influential body image measures. Eight measures that met the definition of an assessment of body image (i.e., an individual's cognitive or affective evaluation of their body or appearance with a positive or negative valence), and scored high on systematic expert priority ranking, were included. These measures were: the Body Appreciation Scale (original BAS and BAS-2), the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Centre for Appearance Research Valence Scale, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, two subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, one subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory 3, and two subscales of the Multidimensional Body Relations Questionnaire. Articles assessing these scales' psychometric properties (N = 136) were evaluated for their methodological quality using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist, and a best evidence synthesis was performed. The results supported the majority of measures in terms of reliability and validity; however, suitability varied across populations, and some measurement properties were insufficiently evaluated. The measures are discussed in detail, including recommendations for their future use in research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kling
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Linda Kwakkenbos
- Behavioural Science Institute, Clinical Psychology, Radboud University, Postbus 9104, 6500, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Phillippa C Diedrichs
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS161QY, UK.
| | - Nichola Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS161QY, UK.
| | - Ann Frisén
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Maria Piedade Brandão
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cintesis, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Anabela G Silva
- School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Cintesis, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France.
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Vally Z, D'Souza CG, Habeeb H, Bensumaidea BM. The factor structure and psychometric properties of an Arabic-translated version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:373-377. [PMID: 30019763 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The conduct of body image studies with Arab populations is hindered by a lack of psychometrically sound assessment measures. We examined the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the most frequently employed measure of body appreciation, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of college-aged women from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (n = 256) completed the Arabic BAS-2, and measures of aesthetic and functional body image, authentic body pride, and self-reported body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the Arabic BAS-2 had a one-dimensional factor structure. BAS-2 scores were positively correlated with body image and body pride, but not with BMI. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS A psychometrically sound BAS-2 may now facilitate the conduct of cross-cultural work that includes the Arabic-speaking population, an often-neglected ethnic group in most body image studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Vally
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Caroline G D'Souza
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hiba Habeeb
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basma M Bensumaidea
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Meneses L, Torres S, Miller KM, Barbosa MR. Extending the use of the Body Appreciation Scale -2 in older adults: A Portuguese validation study. Body Image 2019; 29:74-81. [PMID: 30861485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Body appreciation is a key characteristic, and the most common operationalization, of positive body image. Positive body image is often measured using the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a), which has demonstrated good psychometric properties in adult samples. The purpose of this study is to extend the validation of the BAS-2 to late adulthood facilitating future research with this population. A total of 202 male and female participants (aged 65-91 years) completed the Portuguese version of the BAS-2, along with other body image-related instruments and measures of self-esteem and intuitive eating. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor model and demonstrated sex invariance. There were no significant sex differences in BAS-2 scores. The BAS-2 had satisfactory convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Internal consistency and test-retest stability estimates were adequate. The BAS-2 will likely meet the needs of researchers interested in exploring body appreciation among elderly people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Meneses
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Sandra Torres
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Kylee M Miller
- Oregon Health & Science University, Institute on Development & Disability, Child Development and Rehabilitation Center (CDRC), 901 E. 18th Ave, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Maria Raquel Barbosa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal; Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Swami V, Todd J, Mohd Khatib NA, Toh EKL, Zahari HS, Barron D. Dimensional structure, psychometric properties, and sex invariance of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) translation of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) in Malaysian Malay adults. Body Image 2019; 28:81-92. [PMID: 30599288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The 34-item Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) is a widely-used measure of multidimensional body image. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) translation of the MBSRQ-AS. A sample of 629 Malaysian Malays (women n = 315) completed the MBSRQ-AS, as well as measures of body appreciation, psychological well-being, perceptions of appearance ideals, and internalisation of appearance ideals. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the MBSRQ-AS items reduced to four dimensions, although one factor had less-than-adequate internal consistency. Omitting this factor resulted in a 23-item 3-factor solution, which we tested for fit using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) alongside the parent 5-factor model. CFA indicated that both models had good fit on some indices, but less-than-ideal fit on other indices, with the 3-factor model showing comparatively better fit. Multi-group CFA indicated that it was not possible to achieve scalar invariance across sex, but internal consistency coefficients were adequate. Evidence of construct validity, as assessed through correlations between MBSRQ-AS scores and additional measures, was mixed. We discuss reasons that complicate interpretation of the dimensionality of MBSRQ-AS scores in this and previous studies, and call for further research on this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Jennifer Todd
- School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item interpretation and sensitivity to priming. Body Image 2019; 28:16-24. [PMID: 30465919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely-used measure of positive body image. Items are worded ambiguously to allow reference to any aspect of the body during measure completion. We examined (a) how BAS-2 items are interpreted and whether this interpretation is influenced by the content of measures administered prior to it, (b) whether measures administered prior to the BAS-2 alter its scores or (c) the correlation between BAS-2 scores and scores on a measure of body dissatisfaction, (d) how BAS-2 item interpretation relates to total scores, and (e) whether BAS-2 scores are associated with investment in appearance for aesthetic purposes. Canadian female undergraduates (N = 392) completed one of four priming questionnaires, followed by the BAS-2, and then indicated how they interpreted each BAS-2 item. Most items were interpreted in terms of appearance, with the primes having no impact on item interpretation, scores, or the magnitude of the correlation with body dissatisfaction. BAS-2 scores were highest among women interpreting a moderate number of items in terms of appearance and negatively correlated with investment for aesthetic purposes. Thus, the BAS-2 is not vulnerable to priming, but among young Western women, items are likely to be interpreted in terms of appearance.
Collapse
|
40
|
Swami V, Mohd Khatib NA, Toh E, Zahari HS, Todd J, Barron D. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Body Image 2019; 28:66-75. [PMID: 30594001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a widely-used measure of a facet of positive body image. Here, we examined the psychometric properties of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) translation of the BAS-2 in a community sample of Malaysian Malay and Chinese adults (N = 781). Participants completed the Malay BAS-2 alongside demographic items and measures of subjective happiness, life satisfaction, actual-ideal weight discrepancy (women only), drive for muscularity (men only), and internalisation of appearance ideals. Exploratory factor analyses with a Malay subsample indicated that BAS-2 scores reduced to a single dimension with all 10 items in women and men, although the factor structure was similar but not identical across sex. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the one-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit following modifications. BAS-2 scores were partially scalar invariant across sex (with no significant sex differences) and ethnicity (Malay participants had significantly higher body appreciation than Chinese participants), as well as had adequate internal consistency. Evidence of construct and incremental validity was also provided through associations with additional measures and the prediction of subjective happiness over-and-above other variables, respectively. The availability of the Malay BAS-2 should help advance research on the body appreciation construct in Malay-speaking populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Division of Psychology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Evelyn Toh
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jennifer Todd
- Division of Psychology, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lemoine JE, Konradsen H, Lunde Jensen A, Roland-Lévy C, Ny P, Khalaf A, Torres S. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 among adolescents and young adults in Danish, Portuguese, and Swedish. Body Image 2018; 26:1-9. [PMID: 29772464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the study of body image shifted from focusing on the negative aspects to a more extensive view of body image. The present study seeks to validate a measure of positive body image, the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) in Denmark, Portugal, and Sweden. Participants (N = 1012) were adolescents and young adults aged from 12 to 19. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the one-dimensional factor structure of the scale. Multi-group confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale was invariant across sex and country. Further results showed that BAS-2 was positively correlated with self-esteem, psychological well-being, and intuitive eating. It was negatively correlated with BMI among boys and girls in Portugal but not in Denmark and Sweden. Additionally, boys had higher body appreciation than girls. Results indicated that the BAS-2 has good psychometric properties in the three languages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Lemoine
- ESCP Europe Business School, 527 Finchley Rd, London NW3 7BG, United Kingdom; C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - H Konradsen
- Karolinska Institutet, NVS, Alfred Nobels Álle 23, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - A Lunde Jensen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens-gade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus N, Denmark; Aarhus University, Faculty of Health, Institute of Public Health, Department of Nursing Science, Hoegh Guldbergsgade 6, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - C Roland-Lévy
- C2S, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 57, Rue Pierre-Taittinger, 51096 Reims Cedex, France.
| | - P Ny
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - A Khalaf
- The PRO-CARE Group, Faculty of Health Science, Kristianstad University, 291 88 Kristianstad, Sweden.
| | - S Torres
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Swami V, Tudorel O, Goian C, Barron D, Vintila M. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2017; 23:61-68. [PMID: 28863282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of a Romanian translation of the 10-item Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). A total of 453 university students from Romania completed the BAS-2, along with measures of disordered eating, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, and subjective happiness. In addition, a separate sample of university students (N=109) completed only the BAS-2 at two time-points three weeks apart. Principal-axis factor analysis indicated that BAS-2 scores had a one-dimensional factor structure in both women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that this factor structure had adequate fit, but invariance across sex was not supported. Further analyses indicated that BAS-2 scores evidenced internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability in both women and men. These results suggest that BAS-2 scores reduce to one dimension in Romanian adults, but the lack of sex invariance may indicate that the same latent construct is not being measured in women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Otilia Tudorel
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Goian
- Department of Social Work, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| | - David Barron
- Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mona Vintila
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Razmus M, Razmus W. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2017; 23:45-49. [PMID: 28826045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). Data were collected from 721 individuals residing in various regions of Poland. There were two subsamples (n=336, age M=34.95, SD=10.83; and n=385, age M=35.38, SD=10.83). Both principal-axis and confirmatory factor analyses supported the one-dimensional structure of BAS-2 scores. Moreover, full scalar invariance of the BAS-2 in Poland across sex was demonstrated. Scores on the Polish BAS-2 had adequate internal consistency. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant correlations between BAS-2 scores and variables related to body image (body and appearance self-conscious emotions), well-being (self-esteem, positive affect, and positive orientation), and body mass index. These results indicate that the Polish BAS-2 is an appropriate and psychometrically-sound measure of body appreciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Plac Litewski 5, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wiktor Razmus
- Institute of Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Raclawickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Swami V, Weis L, Barron D, Furnham A. Positive body image is positively associated with hedonic (emotional) and eudaimonic (psychological and social) well-being in British adults. The Journal of Social Psychology 2017; 158:541-552. [PMID: 29053404 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2017.1392278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Studies examining associations between positive body image and well-being have used a limited array of measures of each construct. To rectify this, we asked an online sample of 1148 U.K. adults to complete a range of measures of positive body image (body appreciation, body image flexibility, body pride, body acceptance from others) and a multi-dimensional measure of well-being (emotional, psychological, and social). Results showed that, once the effects of age and body mass index (BMI) had been accounted for, body appreciation significantly predicted all dimensions of well-being. Other positive body image measures emerged as significant predictors, but patterns of associations were mixed across sex and well-being dimension. Additional analyses showed that women had significantly lower scores than men on most body image measures, and that BMI was negatively associated with all body image measures. These results have implications for the promotion of well-being, which we discuss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- a Department of Psychology , Anglia Ruskin University.,c Perdana University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Swami V, García AA, Barron D. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2). Body Image 2017; 22:13-17. [PMID: 28551528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) in a community sample of 411 women and 389 men in Almería, Spain. Participants completed the 10-item BAS-2 along with measures of appearance evaluation, body areas satisfaction, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and self-reported body mass index (BMI). Exploratory factor analyses with one split-half subsample revealed that BAS-2 scores had a one-dimensional factor structure in women and men. Confirmatory factor analysis with a second split-half subsample showed the one-dimensional factor structure had acceptable fit and was invariant across sex. There were no significant sex differences in BAS-2 scores. BAS-2 scores were significantly and positively correlated with appearance evaluation, body areas satisfaction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Body appreciation was significantly and negatively correlated with BMI in men, but associations in women were only significant in the second subsample. Results suggest that the Spanish BAS-2 has adequate psychometric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | | | - David Barron
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kertechian S, Swami V. An examination of the factor structure and sex invariance of a French translation of the Body Appreciation Scale-2 in university students. Body Image 2017; 21:26-29. [PMID: 28260632 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2) is a measure of positive body image that has been found that have a one-dimensional factor structure in a number of different cultural groups. Here, we examined the factor structure and sex-based measurement invariance of a French translation of the BAS-2. A total of 652 university students (age M=21.33, SD=3.18) completed a newly-translated French version of the BAS-2. Exploratory factor analyses with a randomly selected split-half subsample revealed that the BAS-2 had a one-dimensional factor structure in both sexes. Confirmatory factor analyses with a second split-half subsample indicated that the one-dimensional factor structure had adequate fit following modifications and was invariant across sex. French BAS-2 scores had adequate internal consistency and men had significantly higher body appreciation than women (ds=.16-.23). These results provide preliminary support for the factorial validity of the French BAS-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Kertechian
- Department of Management, Pantheon Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, HELP University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Halliwell E, Jarman H, Tylka T, Slater A. Adapting the Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children: A psychometric analysis of the BAS-2C. Body Image 2017; 21:97-102. [PMID: 28414994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Positive body image among adults is related to numerous indicators of well-being. However, no research has explored body appreciation among children. To facilitate our understanding of children's positive body image, the current study adapts and validates the Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015a) for use with children. Three hundred and forty-four children (54.4% girls) aged 9-11 completed the adapted Body Appreciation Scale-2 for Children (BAS-2C) alongside measures of body esteem, media influence, body surveillance, mood, and dieting. A sub-sample of 154 participants (62.3% girls) completed the questionnaire 6-weeks later to examine stability (test-retest) reliability. The BAS-2C displayed a unidimensional factor structure and evidence of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct, criterion-related, and incremental validity. Additionally, the results suggest adaptive properties of body appreciation for body-related and emotional well-being among children. The BAS-2C could serve as an essential component within research to understand and estimate children's positive body image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Halliwell
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK.
| | - Hannah Jarman
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
| | - Tracy Tylka
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, USA
| | - Amy Slater
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Homan KJ. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a state version of the Body Appreciation Scale-2. Body Image 2016; 19:204-207. [PMID: 27816032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Body appreciation is an important construct in the growing area of positive body image. It is often assessed with the recently revised Body Appreciation Scale-2 (BAS-2; Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015) and regarded as a trait-level variable. In light of the growing research interest in positive body image, there is a need for a validated measure of body appreciation that is sensitive to fluctuations in body appreciation; thus, the present study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of a state version of the BAS-2 (SBAS-2). Similar to the BAS-2, the state version had a one-factor solution. It also had satisfactory convergent validity, incremental validity, and internal consistency. The measure was sensitive to situational contexts. The SBAS-2 will likely meet the needs of researchers interested in exploring the dynamic nature of body appreciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Homan
- Department of Psychology, Grove City College, Grove City, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|