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Michel ZD, Aitken SF, Glover OD, Alejandro LO, Randazzo D, Dambkowski C, Martin D, Collins MT, Somerman MJ, Chu EY. Infigratinib, a selective FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, alters dentoalveolar development at high doses. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1428-1448. [PMID: 37435833 PMCID: PMC10784415 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) gain-of-function mutations are linked to achondroplasia. Infigratinib, a FGFR1-3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, improves skeletal growth in an achondroplasia mouse model. FGFs and their receptors have critical roles in developing teeth, yet effects of infigratinib on tooth development have not been assessed. Dentoalveolar and craniofacial phenotype of Wistar rats dosed with low (0.1 mg/kg) and high (1.0 mg/kg) dose infigratinib were evaluated using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Mandibular third molars were reduced in size and exhibited aberrant crown and root morphology in 100% of female rats and 80% of male rats at high doses. FGFR3 and FGF18 immunolocalization and extracellular matrix protein expression were unaffected, but cathepsin K (CTSK) was altered by infigratinib. Cranial vault bones exhibited alterations in dimension, volume, and density that were more pronounced in females. In both sexes, interfrontal sutures were significantly more patent with high dose vs vehicle. CONCLUSIONS High dose infigratinib administered to rats during early stages affects dental and craniofacial development. Changes in CTSK from infigratinib in female rats suggest FGFR roles in bone homeostasis. While dental and craniofacial disruptions are not expected at therapeutic doses, our findings confirm the importance of dental monitoring in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Michel
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah F Aitken
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar D Glover
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucy O Alejandro
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Davide Randazzo
- Light Imaging Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David Martin
- QED Therapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T Collins
- Skeletal Disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Y Chu
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Gu L, Huang R, Ni N, Gu P, Fan X. Advances and Prospects in Materials for Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4462-4496. [PMID: 37470754 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The craniofacial region is composed of 23 bones, which provide crucial function in keeping the normal position of brain and eyeballs, aesthetics of the craniofacial complex, facial movements, and visual function. Given the complex geometry and architecture, craniofacial bone defects not only affect the normal craniofacial structure but also may result in severe craniofacial dysfunction. Therefore, the exploration of rapid, precise, and effective reconstruction of craniofacial bone defects is urgent. Recently, developments in advanced bone tissue engineering bring new hope for the ideal reconstruction of the craniofacial bone defects. This report, presenting a first-time comprehensive review of recent advances of biomaterials in craniofacial bone tissue engineering, overviews the modification of traditional biomaterials and development of advanced biomaterials applying to craniofacial reconstruction. Challenges and perspectives of biomaterial development in craniofacial fields are discussed in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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Darjanki CM, Hananta JS, Prahasanti C, Ulfah N, Kusumawardani B, Wijaksana IKE, Aljunaid M, Nkuba A. Expression of VEGF and BMP-2 in Osteoblast cells exposed to a combination of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:243-248. [PMID: 36818023 PMCID: PMC9930150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been widely used, but it has several fallback properties in its interaction with bone tissue, so the addition of hydroxyapatite (HAp) material aims to improve the biocompatibility, regeneration process, and osteointegration of bone implants. The HAp material can be sourced from bovine bone and processed through Good Manufacturing Practice from Tissue Bank (HApGMP), and from limestone (CaCO3) processed by Balai Besar Keramik (HApBBK).This study was to observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in cultured osteoblasts exposed to PMMA-HApGMP and PMMA-HApBBK as implant candidate materials. Methods Sample of PMMA and HAp materials with a mixture of PMMA and HApBBK in the first group and a mixture of PMMA and HApGMP in the second group. Twenty-four fetal rat calvarie osteoblast cell cultures were randomly divided into 6 groups: 7- and 14-day control group, 7 and 14 days PMMA-HApGMP group, 7 and 14 days PMMA-HApBBK group. The expression of VEGF and BMP-2 was seen by immunocytochemical examination. Results The one-way ANOVA with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). BMP-2 and VEGF expression was increased in the 7- and 14-days groups after exposure to PMMA-HApGMP and PMMA-HApBBK. Conclusion The application of PMMA-HApGMP and PMMA-HApBBK showed an increase in the expression of VEGF and BMP-2 in osteoblast cell cultures which indicates a potential increase in the accelerated angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the bone regeneration process of bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiquita Prahasanti
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Noer Ulfah
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Banun Kusumawardani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Komang Evan Wijaksana
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mohammed Aljunaid
- Doctoral Program of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Dental and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Anord Nkuba
- Aqua Farms Organization. Sinza, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
- European Marine Biological Resource, Ghent University, Belgium
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4
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Parsegian K. The BMP and FGF pathways reciprocally regulate odontoblast differentiation. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:53-63. [PMID: 35816114 PMCID: PMC9832171 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2094789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies demonstrated that the exposure of primary dental pulp (DP) cultures to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) between days 3-7 exerted significant and long-lasting stimulatory effects on odontoblast differentiation and Dspp expression. These effects involved the increased expression of components of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and were reverted by a BMP inhibitor noggin. FGF2 also transiently stimulated osteoblast differentiation and the expression of Ibsp and Dmp1. The present study aimed to further explore interactions between BMP and FGF signaling during odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation in DP cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cultures were established using DP tissue isolated from non-transgenic and fluorescent reporter (DSPP-Cerulean, BSP-GFP, and DMP1-mCherry) transgenic mice and exposed to BMP2, FGF2, SU5402 (an FGF receptor inhibitor), and noggin between days 3-7. Mineralization, gene expression, fluorescent protein expression, and odontoblast formation were examined using xylenol orange, quantitative PCR, fluorometric analysis, and immunocytochemistry, respectively. RESULTS BMP2 activated SMAD1/5/8 but not ERK1/2 signaling, whereas FGF2 exerted opposite effects. BMP2 did not affect mineralization, the expression of Ibsp and Dmp1, and the percentage of DSPP-Cerulean+ odontoblasts but significantly increased Dspp and DSPP-Cerulean. In cultures exposed to BMP2 and FGF2, respectively, both SU5402 and noggin led to long-lasting decreases in Dspp and DSPP-Cerulean and transient decreases in Dmp1 and DMP1-mCherry without affecting Ibsp and BSP-GFP. CONCLUSION BMP2 and FGF2 exerted reciprocal stimulatory effects on odontoblast differentiation, whereas their effects on osteoblast differentiation were mediated independently. These data will further elucidate the perspectives of using BMP2 and FGF2 for dentin regeneration/repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karo Parsegian
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgical Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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5
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Hurley MM, Coffin JD, Doetschman T, Valera C, Clarke K, Xiao L. FGF receptor inhibitor BGJ398 partially rescues osteoarthritis-like phenotype in older high molecular weight FGF2 transgenic mice via multiple mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15968. [PMID: 36153352 PMCID: PMC9509331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF2) transgenic mice as experimental models for human X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH)-related degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) to investigate the pathogenesis of the disease and to test potential pharmacotherapies for treatment. This study tested the efficacy of BJG398, a small molecule fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (FGFRTK) inhibitor, to rescue the knee joint osteoarthritis phenotype in High Molecular Weight fibroblast growth factor 2 transgenic (HMWTgFGF2) mice. BJG398 was administered in vivo to 8-month-old female HMWTgFGF2 mice for six weeks. Histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and micro-CT were used to examine the knee joints in BGJ398-treated and control mice. We assessed: Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) expression and FGFR1 activity; Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and Aggrecanase2 (ADAMTS5) expression; then signaling by SMAD1/5/8-pSMAD6, pERK1/2 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Using PrimePCR arrays, we identified a contributing role for major target genes in the TGFB/BMP2 signaling pathway that were regulated by BGJ398. BGJ398 inhibited HMWFGF2/FGF23-induced increase in bone morphogenic protein receptor-1, bone morphogenic protein-2 and 4 and Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1. The results from Micro-CT and histology show BGJ398 treatment rescued the OA changes in subchondral bone and knee articular cartilage of HMWTgFGF2 mice. The gene expression and signal transduction results provide convincing evidence that HMWFGF2 generates OA through FGFRTK with characteristic downstream signaling that defines OA, namely: increased FGF23-FGFR1 activity with BMP-BMPR, activation of pSMAD1/5/8-RUNX2 and pERK signaling pathways, then upregulation of MMP13 and ADAMTS5 to degrade matrix. BGJ398 treatment effectively reversed these OA molecular phenotypes, providing further evidence that the OA generated by HMWFGF2 in the transgenic mice is FGFR-mediated and phenocopies the OA found in the Hyp mouse homolog of XLH with a spontaneous mutation in the Phex (phosphate regulating endopeptidase on the X chromosome) gene and human XLH-OA. Overall, the results obtained here explain how the pleotropic effects of FGF2 emanate from the different functions of HMW protein isoforms for cartilage and bone homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of XLH-degenerative osteoarthropathy. BGJ398 inhibits HMWFGF2-induced osteoarthritis via multiple mechanisms. These results provided important scientific evidence for the potential application of BGJ398 as a therapeutic agent for osteoarthritis in XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja M Hurley
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3023, USA.
| | - J Douglas Coffin
- Department BMED, SB 271, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Thomas Doetschman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christina Valera
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3023, USA
| | - Kai Clarke
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3023, USA
| | - Liping Xiao
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030-3023, USA
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Vlashi R, Zhang X, Wu M, Chen G. Wnt signaling: essential roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone metabolism and therapeutic implications for bone and skeletal disorders. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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Dobson SM, Kiss C, Borschneck D, Heath KE, Gross A, Glucksman MJ, Guerin A. Novel
FGF9
variant contributes to multiple synostoses syndrome 3. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2162-2167. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Courtney Kiss
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | | | - Karen E. Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ Universidad de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Skeletal dysplasia multidisciplinary Unit and ERN‐BOND Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
- CIBERER, ISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - Adrian Gross
- Center for Proteomics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Andrea Guerin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics Queen’s University Kingston Ontario Canada
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8
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Bjelić D, Finšgar M. The Role of Growth Factors in Bioactive Coatings. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1083. [PMID: 34371775 PMCID: PMC8309025 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing obesity and an ageing population, health complications are also on the rise, such as the need to replace a joint with an artificial one. In both humans and animals, the integration of the implant is crucial, and bioactive coatings play an important role in bone tissue engineering. Since bone tissue engineering is about designing an implant that maximally mimics natural bone and is accepted by the tissue, the search for optimal materials and therapeutic agents and their concentrations is increasing. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs) in a bioactive coating represents a novel approach in bone tissue engineering, in which osteoinduction is enhanced in order to create the optimal conditions for the bone healing process, which crucially affects implant fixation. For the application of GFs in coatings and their implementation in clinical practice, factors such as the choice of one or more GFs, their concentration, the coating material, the method of incorporation, and the implant material must be considered to achieve the desired controlled release. Therefore, the avoidance of revision surgery also depends on the success of the design of the most appropriate bioactive coating. This overview considers the integration of the most common GFs that have been investigated in in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as in human clinical trials, with the aim of applying them in bioactive coatings. An overview of the main therapeutic agents that can stimulate cells to express the GFs necessary for bone tissue development is also provided. The main objective is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the GFs that have shown promise for inclusion in bioactive coatings according to the results of numerous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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Novais A, Chatzopoulou E, Chaussain C, Gorin C. The Potential of FGF-2 in Craniofacial Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040932. [PMID: 33920587 PMCID: PMC8073160 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a hard-vascularized tissue, which renews itself continuously to adapt to the mechanical and metabolic demands of the body. The craniofacial area is prone to trauma and pathologies that often result in large bone damage, these leading to both aesthetic and functional complications for patients. The "gold standard" for treating these large defects is autologous bone grafting, which has some drawbacks including the requirement for a second surgical site with quantity of bone limitations, pain and other surgical complications. Indeed, tissue engineering combining a biomaterial with the appropriate cells and molecules of interest would allow a new therapeutic approach to treat large bone defects while avoiding complications associated with a second surgical site. This review first outlines the current knowledge of bone remodeling and the different signaling pathways involved seeking to improve our understanding of the roles of each to be able to stimulate or inhibit them. Secondly, it highlights the interesting characteristics of one growth factor in particular, FGF-2, and its role in bone homeostasis, before then analyzing its potential usefulness in craniofacial bone tissue engineering because of its proliferative, pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic effects depending on its spatial-temporal use, dose and mode of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Novais
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Eirini Chatzopoulou
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Département de Parodontologie, Université de Paris, UFR Odontologie-Garancière, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gorin
- Pathologies, Imagerie et Biothérapies Orofaciales, Université de Paris, URP2496, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France; (A.N.); (E.C.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP Département d’Odontologie, Services d’odontologie, GH Pitié Salpêtrière, Henri Mondor, Paris Nord, Hôpital Rothschild, Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-(0)1-5807-6724
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Tang L, Wu M, Lu S, Zhang H, Shen Y, Shen C, Liang H, Ge H, Ding X, Wang Z. Fgf9 Negatively Regulates Bone Mass by Inhibiting Osteogenesis and Promoting Osteoclastogenesis Via MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:779-791. [PMID: 33316109 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9) is a well-known factor that regulates bone development; however, its function in bone homeostasis is still unknown. Previously, we identified a point mutation in the FGF9 gene (p.Ser99Asn, S99N) and generated an isogeneic knock-in mouse model, which revealed that this loss-of-function mutation impaired early joint formation and was responsible for human multiple synostosis syndrome 3 (SYNS3). Moreover, newborn and adult S99N mutant mice exhibited significantly increased bone mass, suggesting that Fgf9 also participated in bone homeostasis. Histomorphology, tomography, and serological analysis of homozygous newborns and heterozygous adults showed that the Fgf9S99N mutation immensely increased bone mass and bone formation in perinatal and adult bones and decreased osteoclastogenesis in adult bone. An in vitro differentiation assay further revealed that the S99N mutation enhanced bone formation by promoting osteogenesis and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and attenuating osteoclastogenesis of bone marrow monocytes (BMMs). Considering the loss-of-function effect of the S99N mutation, we hypothesized that Fgf9 itself inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis. An in vitro differentiation assay revealed that Fgf9 prominently inhibited BMSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and showed for the first time that Fgf9 promoted osteoclastogenesis by enhancing preosteoclast aggregation and cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, specific inhibitors and in vitro differentiation assays were used and showed that Fgf9 inhibited BMSC osteogenesis mainly via the MEK/ERK pathway and partially via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Fgf9 also promoted osteoclastogenesis as a potential costimulatory factor with macrophage colony-stimating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) by coactivating the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Taken together, our study demonstrated that Fgf9 is a negative regulator of bone homeostasis by regulating osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and provides a potential therapeutic target for bone degenerative diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- Department of Radiology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to SJTUSM, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
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11
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the growth factors active in bone regeneration and healing. Both normal and impaired bone healing are discussed, with a focus on the spatiotemporal activity of the various growth factors known to be involved in the healing response. The review highlights the activities of most important growth factors impacting bone regeneration, with a particular emphasis on those being pursued for clinical translation or which have already been marketed as components of bone regenerative materials. Current approaches the use of bone grafts in clinical settings of bone repair (including bone grafts) are summarized, and carrier systems (scaffolds) for bone tissue engineering via localized growth factor delivery are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a consideration of how bone repair might be improved in the future.
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12
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Mukherjee S, Agarwal M, Bakshi A, Sawant S, Thomas L, Fujii N, Nair P, Kode J. Chemokine SDF1 Mediated Bone Regeneration Using Biodegradable Poly(D,L-lactide- co-glycolide) 3D Scaffolds and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Implication for the Development of an "Off-the-Shelf" Pharmacologically Active Construct. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4888-4903. [PMID: 33136384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for bone substitutes for reconstructive orthopedic surgery following removal of bone tumors. Despite the advances in bone regeneration, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) presents a significant challenge, particularly for the treatment of large bone defects in cancer patients. This study aims at developing new chemokine-based technology to generate biodegradable scaffolds that bind pharmacologically active proteins for regeneration/repair of target injured tissues in patients. Primary MSC were cultured from the uninvolved bone marrow (BM) of cancer patients and further characterized for "stemness". Their ability to differentiate into an osteogenic lineage was studied in 2D cultures as well as on 3D macroporous PLGA scaffolds incorporated with biomacromolecules bFGF and homing factor chemokine stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF1). MSC from the uninvolved BM of cancer patients exhibited properties similar to that reported for MSC from BM of healthy individuals. Macroporous PLGA discs were prepared and characterized for pore size, architecture, functional groups, thermostability, and cytocompatibility by ESEM, FTIR, DSC, and CCK-8 dye proliferation assay, respectively. It was observed that the MSC+PLGA+bFGF+SDF1 construct cultured for 14 days supported significant cell growth, osteo-lineage differentiation with increased osteocalcin expression, alkaline phosphatase secretion, calcium mineralization, bone volume, and soluble IL6 compared to unseeded PLGA and PLGA+MSC, as analyzed by confocal microscopy, biochemistry, ESEM, microCT imaging, flow cytometry, and EDS. Thus, chemotactic biomacromolecule SDF1-guided tissue repair/regeneration ability of MSC from cancer patients opens up the avenues for development of "off-the-shelf" pharmacologically active construct for optimal repair of the target injured tissue in postsurgery cancer patients, bone defects, damaged bladder tissue, and radiation-induced skin/mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayanti Mukherjee
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton VIC Australia 3168
| | - Manish Agarwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, TMC, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Bakshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medical Oncology, Hiranandani Hospital, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sharada Sawant
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Lynda Thomas
- Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Prabha Nair
- Laboratory for Polymer Analysis, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Poojappura, Trivandrum, India
| | - Jyoti Kode
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre (TMC), Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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MicroRNA-16, via FGF2 Regulation of the ERK/MAPK Pathway, Is Involved in the Magnesium-Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3894926. [PMID: 32411326 PMCID: PMC7201663 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3894926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, few reports have discussed the effect of miRNAs on the magnesium chloride (MgCl2)-induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, a process involved in the healing of bone tissue. As determined in the present investigation, MgCl2 decreased miR-16 levels; increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), p-p38, and p-ERK; and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Enhancement of miR-16 levels by an miR-16 mimic blocked these MgCl2-induced changes. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-16 binds to the 3'UTR region of FGF2 mRNA. Down-regulation of FGF2 blocked the MgCl2-induced increases of p-p38 and p-ERK and the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-16 attenuated the MgCl2-induced overproduction of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 and the high levels of osteogenic differentiation, effects that were reversed by elevated expression of FGF2. In summary, the present findings provide a mechanism by which miR-16 regulates MgCl2-induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation by targeting FGF2-mediated activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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14
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Regulatory T cells are a double-edged sword in pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106443. [PMID: 32334385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic progressive interstitial lung disease. The pathogenesis of PF has not been clearly elucidated, and there is no obvious effective treatment to arrest the progression of PF to date. A long-term chronic inflammatory response and inappropriate repair process after lung injury are important causes and pathological processes of PF. As an influential type of the body's immune cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an irreplaceable role in inhibiting the inflammatory response and promoting the repair of lung tissue. However, the exact roles of Tregs in the process of PF have not been clearly established, and the available literature concerning the roles of Tregs in PF are contradictory. First, Tregs can advance the progression of pulmonary fibrosis by secreting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and other related factors, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and affecting the Th1 and Th2 balance, etc. Second, Tregs can inhibit PF by promoting the repair of epithelial cell damage, inhibiting the accumulation of fibroblasts, and strongly inhibiting the production and function of other related pro-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory cells. Accordingly, in this review, we focus on the multiple roles of Tregs in different models and different pulmonary fibrosis phases, thereby providing theoretical support for a better understanding of the multiple roles of these cells in PF and a theoretical basis for identifying targets for PF therapy.
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Lin YH, Chuang TY, Chiang WH, Chen IWP, Wang K, Shie MY, Chen YW. The synergistic effects of graphene-contained 3D-printed calcium silicate/poly-ε-caprolactone scaffolds promote FGFR-induced osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 104:109887. [PMID: 31500024 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-contained calcium silicate (CS)/polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold (GCP) provides an alternative solution that can bring several bone formation properties, such as osteoinductive. This study finds out the optimal percentage of graphene additive to calcium silicate and polycaprolactone mixture for excellent in vitro and in vivo bone-regeneration ability, in addition, this scaffold could fabricate by 3D printing technology and demonstrates distinct mechanical, degradation, and biological behavior. With controlled structure and porosity by 3D printing, osteogenesis and proliferation capabilities of Wharton's Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJMSCs) were significantly enhanced when cultured on 3D printed GCP scaffolds. In this study, it was also discovered that fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) plays an active role in modulating differentiation behavior of WJMSCs cultured on GCP scaffolds. The validation has been proved by analyzed the decreased cell proliferation, osteogenic-related protein (ALP and OC), and angiogenic-related protein (VEGF and vWF) with FGFR knockdown on all experimental groups. Moreover, this study infers that the GCP scaffold could induce the effects of proliferation, differentiation and related protein expression on WJMSCs through FGFR pathway. In summary, this research indicated the 3D-printed GCP scaffolds own the dual bioactivities to reach the osteogenesis and vascularization for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Chuang
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Peter Chen
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Kan Wang
- Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; 3D Printing Medical Research Institute, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Adhikary S, Choudhary D, Tripathi AK, Karvande A, Ahmad N, Kothari P, Trivedi R. FGF-2 targets sclerostin in bone and myostatin in skeletal muscle to mitigate the deleterious effects of glucocorticoid on musculoskeletal degradation. Life Sci 2019; 229:261-276. [PMID: 31082400 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Myokines are associated with regulation of bone and muscle mass. However, limited information is available regarding the impact of myokines on glucocorticoid (GC) mediated adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system. This study investigates the role of myokine fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in regulating GC-induced deleterious effects on bone and skeletal muscle. METHODS Primary osteoblast cells and C2C12 myoblast cell line were treated with FGF-2 and then exposed to dexamethasone (GC). FGF-2 mediated attenuation of the inhibitory effect of GC on osteoblast and myoblast differentiation and muscle atrophy was assessed through quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Further, FGF-2 was administered subcutaneously to dexamethasone treated mice to collect bone and skeletal muscle tissue for in vivo analysis of bone microarchitecture, mechanical strength, histomorphometry and for histological alterations in treated tissue samples. KEY FINDINGS FGF-2 abrogated the dexamethasone induced inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation by modulating BMP-2 pathway and inhibiting Wnt antagonist sclerostin. Further, dexamethasone induced atrophy in C2C12 cells was mitigated by FGF-2 as evident from down regulation of atrogenes expression. FGF-2 prevented GC-induced impairment of mineral density, biomechanical strength, trabecular bone volume, cortical thickness and bone formation rate in mice. Additionally, skeletal muscle tissue from GC treated mice displayed weak myostatin immunostaining and reduced expression of atrogenes following FGF-2 treatment. SIGNIFICANCE FGF-2 mitigated GC induced effects through inhibition of sclerostin and myostatin expression in bone and muscle respectively. Taken together, this study exhibited the role of exogenous FGF-2 in sustaining osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting muscle atrophy in presence of glucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulekha Adhikary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Dharmendra Choudhary
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anirudha Karvande
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naseer Ahmad
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Priyanka Kothari
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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17
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Shin HR, Bae HS, Kim BS, Yoon HI, Cho YD, Kim WJ, Choi KY, Lee YS, Woo KM, Baek JH, Ryoo HM. PIN1 is a new therapeutic target of craniosynostosis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3827-3839. [PMID: 30007339 PMCID: PMC6216213 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) cause congenital skeletal anomalies, including craniosynostosis (CS), which is characterized by the premature closure of craniofacial sutures. Apert syndrome (AS) is one of the severest forms of CS, and the only treatment is surgical expansion of prematurely fused sutures in infants. Previously, we demonstrated that the prolyl isomerase peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase interacting 1 (PIN1) plays a critical role in mediating FGFR signaling and that Pin1+/- mice exhibit delayed closure of cranial sutures. In this study, using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we tested whether PIN1 modulation could be used as a therapeutic regimen against AS. In the genetic approach, we crossbred Fgfr2S252W/+, a mouse model of AS, and Pin1+/- mice. Downregulation of Pin1 gene dosage attenuated premature cranial suture closure and other phenotypes of AS in Fgfr2S252W/+ mutant mice. In the pharmacological approach, we intraperitoneally administered juglone, a PIN1 enzyme inhibitor, to pregnant Fgfr2S252W/+ mutant mice and found that this treatment successfully interrupted fetal development of AS phenotypes. Primary cultured osteoblasts from Fgfr2S252W/+ mutant mice expressed high levels of FGFR2 downstream target genes, but this phenotype was attenuated by PIN1 inhibition. Post-translational stabilization and activation of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in Fgfr2S252W/+ osteoblasts were also attenuated by PIN1 inhibition. Based on these observations, we conclude that PIN1 enzyme activity is important for FGFR2-induced RUNX2 activation and craniofacial suture morphogenesis. Moreover, these findings highlight that juglone or other PIN1 inhibitors represent viable alternatives to surgical intervention for treatment of CS and other hyperostotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Shin
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Bae
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kim
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H I Yoon
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y D Cho
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Kim
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Y Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K M Woo
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Baek
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Ryoo
- BK21 Program, Department of Molecular Genetics and Dental Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Osteogenic and angiogenic characterization of mandible and femur osteoblasts. J Mol Histol 2019; 50:105-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-019-09810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are expressed throughout all stages of skeletal development. In the limb bud and in cranial mesenchyme, FGF signaling is important for formation of mesenchymal condensations that give rise to bone. Once skeletal elements are initiated and patterned, FGFs regulate both endochondral and intramembranous ossification programs. In this chapter, we review functions of the FGF signaling pathway during these critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explore skeletal malformations in humans that are caused by mutations in FGF signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132 Inserm (Institut national de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) and University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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20
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Watson ATD, Nordberg RC, Loboa EG, Kullman SW. Evidence for Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Toxicol Sci 2019; 167:145-156. [PMID: 30203000 PMCID: PMC6317429 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic, or osteogenic cell lineages. There is increasing concern that exposure to environmental agents such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, may perturb the osteogenic pathways responsible for normal bone formation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the potential of the prototypic AhR ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to disrupt osteogenic differentiation of human bone-derived MSCs (hBMSCs) in vitro. Primary hBMSCs from three donors were exposed to 10 nM TCDD and differentiation was interrogated using select histological, biochemical, and transcriptional markers of osteogenesis. Exposure to 10 nM TCDD resulted in an overall consistent attenuation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and matrix mineralization at terminal stages of differentiation in primary hBMSCs. At the transcriptional level, the transcriptional regulator DLX5 and additional osteogenic markers (ALP, OPN, and IBSP) displayed attenuated expression; conversely, FGF9 and FGF18 were consistently upregulated in each donor. Expression of stem cell potency markers SOX2, NANOG, and SALL4 decreased in the osteogenic controls, whereas expression in TCDD-treated cells resembled that of undifferentiated cells. Coexposure with the AhR antagonist GNF351 blocked TCDD-mediated attenuation of matrix mineralization, and either fully or partially rescued expression of genes associated with osteogenic regulation, extracellular matrix, and/or maintenance of multipotency. Thus, experimental evidence from this study suggests that AhR transactivation likely attenuates osteoblast differentiation in multipotent hBMSCs. This study also underscores the use of primary human MSCs to evaluate osteoinductive or osteotoxic potential of chemical and pharmacologic agents in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- AtLee T D Watson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rachel C Nordberg
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Elizabeth G Loboa
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 and Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Seth W Kullman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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21
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Basic fibroblast growth factor regulates phosphate/pyrophosphate regulatory genes in stem cells isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:345. [PMID: 30526676 PMCID: PMC6288970 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) regulates maintenance of stemness and modulation of osteo/odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Mineralization in the bones and teeth is in part controlled by pericellular levels of inorganic phosphate (Pi), a component of hydroxyapatite, and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), an inhibitor of mineralization. The progressive ankylosis protein (gene ANKH; protein ANKH) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1/ENPP1) increase PPi and inhibit mineralization, while tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL; TNAP) is a critical pro-mineralization enzyme that hydrolyzes PPi. We hypothesized that regulation by bFGF of mineralization in SHEDs occurs by modulation of Pi/PPi-associated genes. Methods Cells were isolated from human exfoliated deciduous teeth and characterized for mesenchymal stem cell characteristics. Cells were treated with bFGF, and the osteogenic differentiation ability was determined. The mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The mineralization was examined using alizarin red S staining. Results Cells isolated from primary teeth expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers, CD44, CD90, and CD105, and were able to differentiate into osteo/odontogenic and adipogenic lineages. Addition of 10 ng/ml bFGF to SHEDs during in vitro osteo/odontogenic differentiation decreased ALPL mRNA expression and ALP enzyme activity, increased ANKH mRNA, and decreased both Pi/PPi ratio and mineral deposition. Effects of bFGF on ALPL and ANKH expression were detected within 24 h. Addition of 20 mM fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor SU5402 revealed the necessity of FGFR-mediated signaling, and inclusion of 1 μg/ml cyclohexamide (CHX) implicated the necessity of protein synthesis for effects on ALPL and ANKH. Addition of exogenous 10 μm PPi inhibited mineralization and increased ANKH, collagen type 1a1 (COL1A1), and osteopontin (SPP1) mRNA, while addition of exogenous Pi increased mineralization and osterix (OSX), ANKH, SPP1, and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) mRNA. The effects of PPi and Pi on mineralization could be replicated by short-term 3- and 7-day treatments, suggesting signaling effects in addition to physicochemical regulation of mineral deposition. Conclusion This study reveals for the first time the effects of bFGF on Pi/PPi regulators in SHEDs and implicates these factors in how bFGF directs osteo/odontogenic differentiation and mineralization by these cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1093-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kuttappan S, Mathew D, Jo JI, Tanaka R, Menon D, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Nair SV, Nair MB, Tabata Y. Dual release of growth factor from nanocomposite fibrous scaffold promotes vascularisation and bone regeneration in rat critical sized calvarial defect. Acta Biomater 2018; 78:36-47. [PMID: 30067947 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A promising strategy for augmenting bone formation involves the local delivery of multiple osteoinductive and vasculogenic growth factors. However, success depends on sustained growth factor release and its appropriate combination to induce stem cells and osteogenic cells at the bony site. Herein, we have developed a nanocomposite fibrous scaffold loaded with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and its ability to promote vascularisation and bone regeneration in critical sized calvarial defect was compared to the scaffold with VEGF + BMP2 and FGF2 + BMP2. Simple loading of growth factors on the scaffold could provide a differential release pattern, both in vitro and in vivo (VEGF release for 1 week where as BMP2 and FGF2 release for 3 weeks). Among all the groups, dual growth factor loaded scaffold (VEGF + BMP2 & FGF2 + BMP2) enhanced vascularisation and new bone formation, but there was no difference between FGF2 and VEGF loaded scaffolds although its release pattern was different. FGF2 mainly promoted stem cell migration, whereas VEGF augmented new blood vessel formation at the defect site. This study suggests that biomimetic nanocomposite scaffold is a promising growth factor delivery vehicle to improve bone regeneration in critical sized bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Many studies have shown the effect of growth factors like VEGF-BMP2 or FGF2-BMP2 in enhancing bone formation in critical sized defects, but there are no reports that demonstrate the direct comparison of VEGF-BMP2 and FGF2-BMP2. In this study, we have developed a nanocomposite fibrous scaffold that could differentially release growth factors like VEGF, BMP2 and FGF2 (VEGF release for 1 week where as BMP2 and FGF2 release for 3 weeks), which in turn promoted neovascularisation and new bone formation in critical sized defects. There was no difference in vascularisation and bone formation induced by VEGF + BMP2 or FGF2 + BMP2. The growth factor was loaded in a simple manner, which would ensure ease of use for the end-user, especially for the surgeons treating a patient in an operating room.
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Borland SJ, Morris TG, Borland SC, Morgan MR, Francis SE, Merry CLR, Canfield AE. Regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by syndecan-4/FGF-2/PKCα signalling and cross-talk with TGFβ. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1639-1652. [PMID: 29016732 PMCID: PMC5852548 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Vascular calcification is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) plays an instructive role in osteogenesis and bone development, but its role in vascular calcification was unknown. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of FGF-2 in vascular calcification and determined the mechanism by which it regulates this process. Methods and results We demonstrate that FGF-2 expression is increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced to deposit a mineralized matrix by incubation with β-glycerophosphate. FGF-2 is also localized to sites of calcification within human atherosclerotic plaques. The expression of syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan which regulates FGF-2 signalling, is also increased in mineralizing VSMCs and co-localizes with FGF-2 in human calcified atherosclerotic plaques. Exogenous FGF-2 inhibits VSMC mineralization, and this inhibition is reduced when syndecan-4 expression is knocked-down using siRNA. Biochemical inhibition of FGFR signalling using a pan FGFR inhibitor (BGJ398) or knocking-down syndecan-4 expression in VSMCs using siRNA increases VSMC mineralization. These increases are prevented by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling with SB431542, suggesting cross-talk between FGF-2 and TGFβ signalling is crucial for the regulation of VSMC mineralization. Syndecan-4 can also regulate FGF-2 signalling directly via protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation. Biochemical inhibition of PKCα activity using Gö6976, or siRNA-mediated suppression of PKCα expression increases VSMC mineralization; this increase is also prevented with SB431542. Finally, the ability of FGF-2 to inhibit VSMC mineralization is reduced when PKCα expression is knocked-down. Conclusion This is the first demonstration that syndecan-4 promotes FGF-2 signalling, and in turn, suppresses VSMC mineralization by down-regulating TGFβ signalling. Our discoveries that FGF-2 and syndecan-4 expression is increased in mineralizing VSMCs and that PKCα regulates FGF-2 and TGFβ signalling in VSMCs suggests that the syndecan-4/FGF-2/TGFβ signalling axis could represent a new therapeutic target for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Borland
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas G Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Shona C Borland
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark R Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sheila E Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- Stem Cell Glycobiology Group, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ann E Canfield
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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24
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Coffin JD, Homer-Bouthiette C, Hurley MM. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 and Its Receptors in Bone Biology and Disease. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:657-671. [PMID: 29942929 PMCID: PMC6009610 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulatory axis is phylogenetically ancient, evolving into a large mammalian/human gene family of 22 ligands that bind to four receptor tyrosine kinases for a complex physiologic system controlling cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The tissue targets for the primary FGF function are mainly in cartilage and in bone for morphogenesis, mineralization, and metabolism. A multitude of complexities in the FGF ligand-receptor signaling pathways have made translation into therapies for FGF-related bone disorders such as osteomalacia, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis difficult but not impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marja Marie Hurley
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, UCONN Health, Farmington, Connecticut
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25
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Liu H, Chen C, Gao Z, Min J, Gu Y, Jian J, Jiang X, Cai H, Ebersberger I, Xu M, Zhang X, Chen J, Luo W, Chen B, Chen J, Liu H, Li J, Lai R, Bai M, Wei J, Yi S, Wang H, Cao X, Zhou X, Zhao Y, Wei K, Yang R, Liu B, Zhao S, Fang X, Schartl M, Qian X, Wang W. The draft genome of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) reveals the development of intermuscular bone and adaptation to herbivorous diet. Gigascience 2018; 6:1-13. [PMID: 28535200 PMCID: PMC5570040 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala is the economically most important cyprinid fish species. As an herbivore, it can be grown by eco-friendly and resource-conserving aquaculture. However, the large number of intermuscular bones in the trunk musculature is adverse to fish meat processing and consumption. As a first towards optimizing this aquatic livestock, we present a 1.116-Gb draft genome of M. amblycephala, with 779.54 Mb anchored on 24 linkage groups. Integrating spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses, we show that intermuscular bone is formed in the more basal teleosts by intramembranous ossification and may be involved in muscle contractibility and coordinating cellular events. Comparative analysis revealed that olfactory receptor genes, especially of the beta type, underwent an extensive expansion in herbivorous cyprinids, whereas the gene for the umami receptor T1R1 was specifically lost in M. amblycephala. The composition of gut microflora, which contributes to the herbivorous adaptation of M. amblycephala, was found to be similar to that of other herbivores. As a valuable resource for the improvement of M. amblycephala livestock, the draft genome sequence offers new insights into the development of intermuscular bone and herbivorous adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zexia Gao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiumeng Min
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yongming Gu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jianbo Jian
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiewu Jiang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Huimin Cai
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Department for Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University, Frankfurt D-60438, Germany
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianwei Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Boxiang Chen
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Junhui Chen
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ruifang Lai
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingzhou Bai
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jin Wei
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaokui Yi
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanling Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaijian Wei
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruibin Yang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bingnan Liu
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Shancen Zhao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Physiological Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg 97070, Germany.,Texas A&M Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xueqiao Qian
- Guangdong Haid Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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26
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He MY, Wang G, Han SS, Li K, Jin Y, Liu M, Si ZP, Wang J, Liu GS, Yang X. Negative impact of hyperglycaemia on mouse alveolar development. Cell Cycle 2017; 17:80-91. [PMID: 29143549 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1403683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy has been known to affect the embryonic development of various systems, including cardiovascular and nervous systems. However, whether this disease could have a negative impact on embryonic respiratory system remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM)-induced defects in lung development in mice are mainly characterized by the changes in the morphological structure of the lung. Immunostaining and Western blotting showed that proliferation increased and apoptosis decreased in PGDM. Hyperglycaemia caused pulmonary tissue fibrationas manifested by an increase in Masson staining and decorin expression in PGDM lungs, and the immunofluorescent pro-SPC+ type II pulmonary epithelial cell number was decreased. The alteration of pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation might be due to hyperglycaemia-activated Wnt signalling and suppressed GATA6 expression in PGDM mouse lung tissues and MLE-12 cells. The treatment of MLE-12 cells with high glucose in the presence/absence of XAV939 or su5402 further proved that hyperglycaemia suppressed the expression of GATA6 and pro-SPC by activating Wnt signalling and induced the expression of decorin, α-SMA and TGF-β by activating Fgf signalling. Therefore, in this study, we revealed that hyperglycemia induced dysfunctional pulmonary cell apoptosis and proliferation, as well as pulmonary myofibroblast hyperplasia, which contributed to the formation of aberrant structure of alveolar walls. Furthermore, the hyperglycaemia also inhibited the differentiation of pulmonary epithelial cells through the canonical Wnt and Fgf signalling, and the alteration of Fgf and Wnt signalling activated TGF-β, which would promote the AECII EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yao He
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine ; The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Guang Wang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology , Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education , Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Sha-Sha Han
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine ; The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Ke Li
- b Division of Histology & Embryology , Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education , Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Ya Jin
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine ; The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Meng Liu
- b Division of Histology & Embryology , Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education , Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Zhen-Peng Si
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine ; The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Ju Wang
- c Institute of Biomedicine , National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
| | - Guo-Sheng Liu
- a Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology , Institute of Fetal-Preterm Labor Medicine ; The First Affiliated Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510630 , China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- b Division of Histology & Embryology , Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education , Medical College , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , China
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27
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Gronowicz G, Jacobs E, Peng T, Zhu L, Hurley M, Kuhn LT. * Calvarial Bone Regeneration Is Enhanced by Sequential Delivery of FGF-2 and BMP-2 from Layer-by-Layer Coatings with a Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Barrier Layer. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:1490-1501. [PMID: 28946792 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A drug delivery coating for synthetic bone grafts has been developed to provide sequential delivery of multiple osteoinductive factors to better mimic aspects of the natural regenerative process. The coating is composed of a biomimetic calcium phosphate (bCaP) layer that is applied to a synthetic bone graft and then covered with a poly-l-Lysine/poly-l-Glutamic acid polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) film. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was applied before the coating process directly on the synthetic bone graft and then, bCaP-PEM was deposited followed by adsorption of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) into the PEM layer. Cells access the FGF-2 immediately, while the bCaP-PEM temporally delays the cell access to BMP-2. In vitro studies with cells derived from mouse calvarial bones demonstrated that Sca-1 and CD-166 positive osteoblast progenitor cells proliferated in response to media dosing with FGF-2. Coated scaffolds with BMP-2 and FGF-2 were implanted in mouse calvarial bone defects and harvested at 1 and 3 weeks. After 1 week in vivo, proliferation of cells, including Sca-1+ progenitors, was observed with low dose FGF-2 and BMP-2 compared to BMP-2 alone, indicating that in vivo delivery of FGF-2 activated a similar population of cells as shown by in vitro testing. At 3 weeks, FGF-2 and BMP-2 delivery increased bone formation more than BMP-2 alone, particularly in the center of the defect, confirming that the proliferation of the Sca-1 positive osteoprogenitors by FGF-2 was associated with increased bone healing. Areas of bone mineralization were positive for double fluorochrome labeling of calcium and alkaline phosphatase staining of osteoblasts, along with increased TRAP+ osteoclasts, demonstrating active bone formation distinct from the bone-like collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold. In conclusion, the addition of a bCaP layer to PEM delayed access to BMP-2 and allowed the FGF-2 stimulated progenitors to populate the scaffold before differentiating in response to BMP-2, leading to improved bone defect healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gronowicz
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Emily Jacobs
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tao Peng
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Li Zhu
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Marja Hurley
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut
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28
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Effect of Serial Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Periodontal Tissue Regeneration. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 26:664-673. [DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Song R, Wang D, Zeng R, Wang J. Synergistic effects of fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on bone induction. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4483-4492. [PMID: 28791357 PMCID: PMC5647008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the synergistic effect of co-administering fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells and in rats. C2C12 murine myoblast cells represent a well-accepted in vitro model system to study the ability of BMP-2 to alter cell lineage from the myogenic to the osteogenic phenotype. The osteoblastic differentiation potency was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S staining. ALP activity and calcium concentrations were colorimetrically measured. Simultaneous administration of 4 µg/ml recombinant human BMP-2 with 2 ng/ml FGF-2 markedly enhanced ALP activity (an early marker of osteogenesis) of C2C12 cells. This combination also increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling that is involved in the promoting effect of FGF-2 on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Calcium deposition (a late marker of osteogenesis) and the expression of CD34 (a marker of new vessels) were promoted optimally by simultaneous local sustained administration of FGF-2 and BMP-2 using collagen and chitosan-coated antigen-extracted porcine cancellous implants in a rat ectopic implantation model. The synergistic effects of a combination of BMP-2 and FGF-2 may have potential for bone regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongying Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio‑Engineering Medicine (National Engineering Research Centre of Genetic Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dingding Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Bio‑Pharmaceutical, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Ju Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio‑Engineering Medicine (National Engineering Research Centre of Genetic Medicine), Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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30
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Kang ML, Kim EA, Jeong SY, Im GI. Angiopoietin-2 Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2896-2908. [PMID: 28214341 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that co-transplantation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can enhance bone regeneration and angiogenesis. However, it is unclear which genes are involved in the regulation of osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis during the co-culturing of BMSCs and ADSCs. The expression patterns of genes associated with osteogenesis and/or angiogenesis were analyzed in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs and ADSCs using an oligonucleotide microarray. Significant difference in the expression patterns of several genes were identified from hierarchical clustering and analyzed on co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs. Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) and activin receptor-like kinase-1 were significantly down-regulated in co-culture than culture of either BMSCs or ADSCs, while fibroblast growth factor-9 was significantly up-regulated in co-culture. The effect of ANGPT2 in osteogenesis-induced BMSCs was validated using recombinant protein and siRNA of ANGPT2. Treatment of the ANGPT2 protein significantly increased the expressions of osteogenic makers and the intensity of Alizarin red-S staining in BMSCs. Down-regulation of ANGPT2 significantly decreased the expression of osteogenic makers. The treatment of ANGPT2 protein to BMSCs induced significantly increased tube formation in Transwell-co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with untreated control. ANGPT2 siRNA transfection showed the opposite effects. These results suggest that the treatment of ANGPT2 in BMSCs increase osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, and that the enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis in the co-cultured BMSCs and ADSCs seems to be mediated by a mechanism that makes the activation of ANGPT2 unnecessary. These observations provide the first evidence for positive regulation of osteogenesis by ANGPT2 in vitro. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2896-2908, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Lan Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Kim
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Young Jeong
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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31
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Islam R, Yoon WJ, Ryoo HM. Pin1, the Master Orchestrator of Bone Cell Differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2339-2347. [PMID: 27225727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pin1 is an enzyme that specifically recognizes the peptide bond between phosphorylated serine or threonine (pS/pT-P) and proline. This recognition causes a conformational change of its substrate, which further regulates downstream signaling. Pin1-/- mice show developmental bone defects and reduced mineralization. Pin1 targets RUNX2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2), SMAD1/5, and β-catenin in the FGF, BMP, and WNT pathways, respectively. Pin1 has multiple roles in the crosstalk between different anabolic bone signaling pathways. For example, it controls different aspects of osteoblastogenesis and increases the transcriptional activity of Runx2, both directly and indirectly. Pin1 also influences osteoclastogenesis at different stages by targeting PU.1 (Purine-rich nucleic acid binding protein 1), C-FOS, and DC-STAMP. The phenotype of Pin1-/- mice has led to the recent identification of multiple roles of Pin1 in different molecular pathways in bone cells. These roles suggest that Pin1 can be utilized as an efficient drug target in congenital and acquired bone diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2339-2347, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Islam
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joon Yoon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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32
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Romero R, Travers JK, Asbury E, Pennybaker A, Chubb L, Rose R, Ehrhart NP, Kipper MJ. Combined delivery of FGF-2, TGF-β1, and adipose-derived stem cells from an engineered periosteum to a critical-sized mouse femur defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:900-911. [PMID: 27874253 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Critical-sized long bone defects suffer from complications including impaired healing and non-union due to substandard healing and integration of devitalized bone allograft. Removal of the periosteum contributes to the limited healing of bone allografts. Restoring a periosteum on bone allografts may provide improved allograft healing and integration. This article reports a polysaccharide-based tissue engineered periosteum that delivers basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) to a critical-sized mouse femur defect. The tissue engineered periosteum was evaluated for improving bone allograft healing and incorporation by locally delivering FGF-2, TGF-β1, and supporting ASCs transplantation. ASCs were successfully delivered and longitudinally tracked at the defect site for at least 7 days post operation with delivered FGF-2 and TGF-β1 showing a mitogenic effect on the ASCs. At 6 weeks post implantation, data showed a non-significant increase in normalized bone callus volume. However, union ratio analysis showed a significant inhibition in allograft incorporation, confirmed by histological analysis, due to loosening of the nanofiber coating from the allograft surface. Ultimately, this investigation shows our tissue engineered periosteum can deliver FGF-2, TGF-β1, and ASCs to a mouse critical-sized femur defect and further optimization may yield improved bone allograft healing. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 900-911, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimundo Romero
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - John K Travers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Emilie Asbury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Attie Pennybaker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Laura Chubb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Ruth Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Nicole P Ehrhart
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523
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33
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Agata H, Asahina I, Yamazaki Y, Uchida M, Shinohara Y, Honda MJ, Kagami H, Ueda M. Effective Bone Engineering with Periosteum-derived Cells. J Dent Res 2016; 86:79-83. [PMID: 17189468 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone augmentation via tissue engineering has generated significant interest. We hypothesized that periosteum-derived cells could be used in place of bone marrow stromal cells (which are widely used) in bone engineering, but the differences in osteogenic potential between these 2 cell types are unclear. Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of these cells, and investigated the optimal osteoinductive conditions for periosteum-derived cells. Both cell types were induced, via bFGF and BMP-2, to differentiate into osteoblasts. Periosteal cells proliferated faster than marrow stromal cells, and osteogenic markers indicated that bone marrow stromal cells were more osteogenic than periosteal cells. However, pre-treatment with bFGF made periosteal cells more sensitive to BMP-2 and more osteogenic. Transplants of periosteal cells treated with BMP-2 after pre-treatment with bFGF formed more new bone than did marrow stromal cells. Analysis of these data suggests that combined treatment with bFGF and BMP-2 can make periosteum a highly useful source of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Agata
- Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abd Rahman F, Mohd Ali J, Abdullah M, Abu Kasim NH, Musa S. Aspirin Enhances Osteogenic Potential of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells (PDLSCs) and Modulates the Expression Profile of Growth Factor–Associated Genes in PDLSCs. J Periodontol 2016; 87:837-47. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Li Y, Li R, Hu J, Song D, Jiang X, Zhu S. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 suspended in fibrin glue enhances bone formation during distraction osteogenesis in rabbits. Arch Med Sci 2016; 12:494-501. [PMID: 27279839 PMCID: PMC4889683 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.59922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has high potential for bone formation, but its in vivo effects are unpredictable due to the short life time. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of recombinant human (rh) BMP-2 suspended in fibrin on bone formation during distraction osteogenesis (DO) in rabbits. MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro release kinetics of rhBMP-2 suspended in fibrin was tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Unilateral tibial lengthening for 10 mm was achieved in 48 rabbits. At the completion of osteodistraction, vehicle, fibrin, rhBMP-2 or rhBMP-2 suspended in fibrin (rhBMP-2 + fibrin) was injected into the center of the lengthened gap, with 12 animals in each group. Eight weeks later, the distracted callus was examined by histology, micro-CT and biomechanical testing. Radiographs of the distracted tibiae were taken at both 4 and 8 weeks after drug treatment. RESULTS It was found that fibrin prolonged the life span of rhBMP-2 in vitro with sustained release during 17 days. The rhBMP-2 + fibrin treated animals showed the best results in bone mineral density, bone volume fraction, cortical bone thickness by micro-CT evaluation and mechanical properties by the three-point bending test when compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). In histological images, rhBMP-2 + fibrin treatment showed increased callus formation and better gap bridging compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that fibrin holds promise to be a good carrier of rhBMP-2, and rhBMP-2 suspended in fibrin showed a stronger promoting effect on bone formation during DO in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghui Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Songsong Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sichuan University West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
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Wu M, Chen G, Li YP. TGF-β and BMP signaling in osteoblast, skeletal development, and bone formation, homeostasis and disease. Bone Res 2016; 4:16009. [PMID: 27563484 PMCID: PMC4985055 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 994] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs, acting on a tetrameric receptor complex, transduce signals to both the canonical Smad-dependent signaling pathway (that is, TGF-β/BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical-Smad-independent signaling pathway (that is, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/p38 MAPK) to regulate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation during skeletal development, bone formation and bone homeostasis. Both the Smad and p38 MAPK signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, for example, Runx2 to promote osteoblast differentiation and chondrocyte differentiation from mesenchymal precursor cells. TGF-β and BMP signaling is controlled by multiple factors, including the ubiquitin–proteasome system, epigenetic factors, and microRNA. Dysregulated TGF-β and BMP signaling result in a number of bone disorders in humans. Knockout or mutation of TGF-β and BMP signaling-related genes in mice leads to bone abnormalities of varying severity, which enable a better understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in bone and the signaling networks underlying osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. There is also crosstalk between TGF-β/BMP signaling and several critical cytokines’ signaling pathways (for example, Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, PTHrP, and FGF) to coordinate osteogenesis, skeletal development, and bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of TGF-β/BMP signaling in osteoblast differentiation, chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal development, cartilage formation, bone formation, bone homeostasis, and related human bone diseases caused by the disruption of TGF-β/BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
| | - Guiqian Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA; Department of neurology, Bruke Medical Research Institute, Weil Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, White Plains, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, USA
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Hung IH, Schoenwolf GC, Lewandoski M, Ornitz DM. A combined series of Fgf9 and Fgf18 mutant alleles identifies unique and redundant roles in skeletal development. Dev Biol 2016; 411:72-84. [PMID: 26794256 PMCID: PMC4801039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is a critical regulator of skeletal development. Fgf9 and Fgf18 are the only FGF ligands with identified functions in embryonic bone growth. Mice lacking Fgf9 or Fgf18 have distinct skeletal phenotypes; however, the extent of overlapping or redundant functions for these ligands and the stage-specific contributions of FGF signaling to chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are not known. To identify separate versus shared roles for FGF9 and FGF18, we generated a combined series of Fgf9 and Fgf18 null alleles. Analysis of embryos lacking alleles of Fgf9 and Fgf18 shows that both encoded ligands function redundantly to control all stages of skeletogenesis; however, they have variable potencies along the proximodistal limb axis, suggesting gradients of activity during formation of the appendicular skeleton. Congenital absence of both Fgf9 and Fgf18 results in a striking osteochondrodysplasia and revealed functions for FGF signaling in early proximal limb chondrogenesis. Additional defects were also noted in craniofacial bones, vertebrae, and ribs. Loss of alleles of Fgf9 and Fgf18 also affect the expression of genes encoding other key intrinsic skeletal regulators, including IHH, PTHLH (PTHrP), and RUNX2, revealing potential direct, indirect, and compensatory mechanisms to coordinate chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene H Hung
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States; Cancer and Developmental Biology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
| | - Gary C Schoenwolf
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, United States
| | - Mark Lewandoski
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Lab, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701, United States
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Chen T, Gomez AW, Zuo Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Hu J, Li J. Osteogenic potential and synergistic effects of growth factors delivered from a bionic composite system. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:659-668. [PMID: 26514654 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Alan W. Gomez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University; Stanford California 94305
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano-Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Jihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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Zheng W, Wang S, Wang J, Jin F. Periodontitis promotes the proliferation and suppresses the differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:915-22. [PMID: 26310866 PMCID: PMC4564090 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the periodontitis-associated changes in the number, proliferation and differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Cultures of human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were established from healthy donors and donors with periodontitis. The numbers of stem cell were characterized using flow cytometry. PDLSCs were isolated from the PDLCs by immunomagnetic bead selection. Colony-forming abilities, osteogenic and adipogenic potential, gene expression of cementoblast phenotype, alkaline phosphatase activity and in vivo differentiation capacities were then evaluated. Periodontitis caused an increase in the proliferation of PDLSCs and a decrease in the commitment to the osteoblast lineage. This is reflected by changes in the expression of osteoblast markers. When transplanted into immunocompromised mice, PDLSCs from the healthy donors exhibited the capacity to produce cementum PDL-like structures, whereas, the inflammatory PDLSCs transplants predominantly formed connective tissues. In conclusion, the data from the present study suggest that periodontitis affects the proliferation and differentiation potential of human PDLSCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Central Hospital, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin 300041, P.R. China
| | - Fang Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Sagomonyants K, Kalajzic I, Maye P, Mina M. Enhanced Dentinogenesis of Pulp Progenitors by Early Exposure to FGF2. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1582-90. [PMID: 26276371 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play essential and important roles in primary and reparative dentinogenesis. Although there appears to be a general agreement on the effects of FGF signaling on the proliferation of pulp cells, there are conflicting results regarding its effects on odontoblast differentiation. We recently examined the effects of continuous exposure of dental pulp cells to FGF2 and showed that the effects of FGF2 on differentiation of progenitor cells into odontoblasts were stage specific and dependent on the stage of cell maturity. The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the stimulatory effects of FGF2 on odontoblast differentiation. To do so, we examined the effects of early and limited exposure of pulp cells from a series of green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter transgenic mice that display stage-specific activation of transgenes during odontoblast differentiation to FGF2. Our results showed that early and limited exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 did not have significant effects on the extent of mineralization but induced significant increases in the expression of Dmp1 and Dspp and the number of DMP1-GFP(+) and DSPP-Cerulean(+) odontoblasts. Our results also showed that the stimulatory effects of FGF2 on odontoblast differentiation were mediated through FGFR/MEK/Erk1/2 signaling, increases in Bmp2, and activation of the BMP/BMPR signaling pathway. These observations show that early and limited exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 alone promotes odontoblast differentiation and provides critical insight for applications of FGF2 in dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sagomonyants
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - I Kalajzic
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - P Maye
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways are essential regulators of vertebrate skeletal development. FGF signaling regulates development of the limb bud and formation of the mesenchymal condensation and has key roles in regulating chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and bone and mineral homeostasis. This review updates our review on FGFs in skeletal development published in Genes & Development in 2002, examines progress made on understanding the functions of the FGF signaling pathway during critical stages of skeletogenesis, and explores the mechanisms by which mutations in FGF signaling molecules cause skeletal malformations in humans. Links between FGF signaling pathways and other interacting pathways that are critical for skeletal development and could be exploited to treat genetic diseases and repair bone are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Pierre J Marie
- UMR-1132, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hopital Lariboisiere, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
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Steinert AF, Kunz M, Prager P, Göbel S, Klein-Hitpass L, Ebert R, Nöth U, Jakob F, Gohlke F. Characterization of bursa subacromialis-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:114. [PMID: 26036250 PMCID: PMC4479225 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The bursa subacromialis (BS) provides the gliding mechanism of the shoulder and regenerates itself after surgical removal. Therefore, we explored the presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) within the human adult BS tissue and characterized the BS cells compared to MSCs from bone marrow (BMSCs) on a molecular level. Methods BS cells were isolated by collagenase digest from BS tissues derived from patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears, and BMSCs were recovered by adherent culture from bone-marrow of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip. BS cells and BMSCs were compared upon their potential to proliferate and differentiate along chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages under specific culture conditions. Expression profiles of markers associated with mesenchymal phenotypes were comparatively evaluated by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and whole genome array analyses. Results BS cells and BMSCs appeared mainly fibroblastic and revealed almost similar surface antigen expression profiles, which was CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD106+, STRO-1+, CD14−, CD31−, CD34−, CD45−, CD144−. Array analyses revealed 1969 genes upregulated and 1184 genes downregulated in BS cells vs. BMSCs, indicating a high level of transcriptome similarity. After 3 weeks of differentiation culture, BS cells and BMSCs showed a similar strong chondrogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic potential, as shown by histological, immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses in contrast to the respective negative controls. Conclusions Our in vitro characterizations show that BS cells fulfill all characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, and therefore merit further attention for the development of improved therapies for various shoulder pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Steinert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Manuela Kunz
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Prager
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Sascha Göbel
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Klein-Hitpass
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioChip Laboratory, Essen, Germany.
| | - Regina Ebert
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Franz Jakob
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Frank Gohlke
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, König-Ludwig-Haus, Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Brettreichstr. 11, D - 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Present address: Klinik für Schulterchirurgie, Rhön Klinikum AG, Bad Neustadt/Saale, Germany.
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Agas D, Marchetti L, Douni E, Sabbieti MG. The unbearable lightness of bone marrow homeostasis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:347-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Huang MH, Kao CT, Chen YW, Hsu TT, Shieh DE, Huang TH, Shie MY. The synergistic effects of Chinese herb and injectable calcium silicate/β-tricalcium phosphate composite on an osteogenic accelerator in vitro. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:161. [PMID: 25786397 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the physicochemical and biological effects of traditional Chinese medicines on the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/calcium silicate (CS) composites of bone cells using human dental pulp cell. CS is an osteoconductive and bioactive material. For this research we have combined β-TCP and CS and check its effectiveness, a series of β-TCP/CS composites with different ratios of Xu Duan (XD) were prepared to make new bioactive and biodegradable biocomposites for bone repair. XD has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for hundreds of years as an antiosteoporosis, tonic and antiaging agent for the therapy of low back pain, traumatic hematoma, threatened abortion and bone fractures. Formation of bone-like apatite, the diametral tensile strength, and weight loss of composites were considered before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, we also examined the effects of XD released from β-TCP/CS composites and in vitro human dental pulp cell (hDPCs) and studied its behavior. The results show the XD-contained paste did not give any demixing when the weight ratio of XD increased to 5-10 % due to the filter-pressing effect during extrusion through the syringe. After immersion in SBF, the microstructure image showed a dense bone-like apatite layer covered on the β-TCP/CS/XD composites. In vitro cell experiments shows that the XD-rich composites promote human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) proliferation and differentiation. However, when the XD quantity in the composite is more than 5 %, the amount of cells and osteogenesis protein of hDPCs were stimulated by XD released from β-TCP/CS composites. The combination of XD in degradation of β-TCP and osteogenesis of CS gives strong reason to believe that these calcium-based composite cements may prove to be promising bone repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Sagomonyants K, Mina M. Stage-specific effects of fibroblast growth factor 2 on the differentiation of dental pulp cells. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 199:311-28. [PMID: 25823776 DOI: 10.1159/000371343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentinogenesis is a complex and multistep process, which is regulated by various growth factors, including members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. Both positive and negative effects of FGFs on dentinogenesis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of these conflicting results are still unclear. To gain a better insight into the role of FGF2 in dentinogenesis, we used dental pulp cells from various transgenic mice, in which fluorescent protein expression identifies cells at different stages of odontoblast differentiation. Our results showed that the continuous exposure of pulp cells to FGF2 inhibited mineralization and revealed both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of FGF2 on the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and various transgenes. During the proliferation phase of in vitro growth, FGF2 increased the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and the percentages of dentin matrix protein 1/green fluorescent protein (DMP1-GFP)-positive functional odontoblasts and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)-Cerulean-positive odontoblasts. Additional exposure to FGF2 during the differentiation/mineralization phase of in vitro growth decreased the extent of mineralization and the expression of markers of dentinogenesis and of the DMP1-GFP and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. Recovery experiments showed that the inhibitory effects of FGF2 on dentinogenesis were related to the blocking of the differentiation of cells into mature odontoblasts. These observations together showed the stage-specific effects of FGF2 on dentinogenesis by dental pulp cells, and they provide critical information for the development of improved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Sagomonyants
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Conn., USA
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Wallner C, Schira J, Wagner JM, Schulte M, Fischer S, Hirsch T, Richter W, Abraham S, Kneser U, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Application of VEGFA and FGF-9 enhances angiogenesis, osteogenesis and bone remodeling in type 2 diabetic long bone regeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118823. [PMID: 25742620 PMCID: PMC4350939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although bone regeneration is typically a reliable process, type 2 diabetes is associated with impaired or delayed healing processes. In addition, angiogenesis, a crucial step in bone regeneration, is often altered in the diabetic state. In this study, different stages of bone regeneration were characterized in an unicortical bone defect model comparing transgenic type 2 diabetic (db-/db-) and wild type (WT) mice in vivo. We investigated angiogenesis, callus formation and bone remodeling at early, intermediate and late time points by means of histomorphometry as well as protein level analyses. In order to enhance bone regeneration, defects were locally treated with recombinant FGF-9 or VEGFA. Histomorphometry of aniline blue stained sections indicated that bone regeneration is significantly decreased in db-/db- as opposed to WT mice at intermediate (5 days post operation) and late stages (7 days post operation) of bone regeneration. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed significantly decreased levels of RUNX-2, PCNA, Osteocalcin and PECAM-1 in db-/db- defects. In addition, osteoclastogenesis is impaired in db-/db- indicating altered bone remodeling. These results indicate significant impairments in angiogenesis and osteogenesis in type 2 diabetic bones. Importantly, angiogenesis, osteogenesis and bone remodeling could be reconstituted by application of recombinant FGF-9 and, in part, by VEGFA application. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that type 2 diabetes affects angiogenesis, osteogenesis and subsequently bone remodeling, which in turn leads to decreased bone regeneration. These effects could be reversed by local application of FGF-9 and to a lesser degree VEGFA. These data could serve as a basis for future therapeutic applications aiming at improving bone regeneration in the type 2 diabetic patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jessica Schira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schulte
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Hirsch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Abraham
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kneser
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG Trauma Hospital Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Charles LF, Woodman JL, Ueno D, Gronowicz G, Hurley MM, Kuhn LT. Effects of low dose FGF-2 and BMP-2 on healing of calvarial defects in old mice. Exp Gerontol 2015; 64:62-9. [PMID: 25681640 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an age-associated reduction in the bone healing activity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) that is currently addressed by administering higher doses of BMP-2 in elderly patients. The unwanted medical complications from high dose BMP-2 motivated this investigation to determine whether the addition of a low dose of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) could enhance the ability of a lower dose of BMP-2 to heal calvarial bone defects in old mice (18-20 months old). FGF-2 (5 ng) and BMP-2 (2 μg) were administered by a controlled release two-phase biomaterial scaffold placed into the bone defect. FGF-2 released more rapidly and completely in vitro than BMP-2 (40% vs 2%). In vivo, both BMP-2 and FGF-2+BMP-2 groups formed more new bone in calvarial defects than scaffold alone (p < 0.001) or FGF-2 only groups (p < 0.01). The overall total volume of new bone was not statistically increased by the addition of FGF-2 to BMP-2 as measured by microCT, but the pattern of bone deposition was different. In old mice, but not young, there was enhanced bony fill in the central bone defect area when the BMP-2 was supplemented with FGF-2. Histological analysis of the center of the defect revealed an increased bone volume (%BV/TV (p = 0.004)) from the addition of FGF-2. These studies suggest that combining a low dose of FGF-2 with a low dose of BMP-2 has the potential to increase bone healing in old mice relative to BMP-2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon F Charles
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jessica L Woodman
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Daisuke Ueno
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gloria Gronowicz
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Marja M Hurley
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Liisa T Kuhn
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Lu J, Dai J, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang P, Sun H, Zhang X, Yu H, Zhang W, Zhang L, Jiang X, Shen SG. Effect of fibroblast growth factor 9 on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells and dental pulp stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1661-8. [PMID: 25435023 PMCID: PMC4270321 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) in bone formation may depend on gene dosage, developmental stage, cell type or interactions with other cytokines. In the present study bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were cultured and osteogenically induced in vitro, treated with exogenous FGF9 at varying concentrations. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed in order to investigate the gene expression levels of osteogenic markers. The results of the present study demonstrated that FGF9 enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) during osteogenic induction in BMSCs and DPSCs, which are derived from different tissues. FGF9 also inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and DPSCs through the activation of ERK1/2. These findings suggested that FGF9 may be an inhibitor of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and its application in vivo requires investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Lu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jiewen Dai
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Oral Bioengineering Lab, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Steve Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Impact of ellagic acid in bone formation after tooth extraction: an experimental study on diabetic rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:908098. [PMID: 25485304 PMCID: PMC4251085 DOI: 10.1155/2014/908098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. To estimate the impact of ellagic acid (EA) towards healing tooth socket in diabetic animals, after tooth extraction. Methods. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley male rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for this study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg (b.w.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ), to induce diabetic mellitus. Then, the animals were anesthetized, and the upper left central incisor was extracted and the whole extracted sockets were filled with Rosuvastatin (RSV). The rats were separated into three groups, comprising 8 rats each. The first group was considered as normal control group and orally treated with normal saline. The second group was regarded as diabetic control group and orally treated with normal saline, whereas the third group comprised diabetic rats, administrated with EA (50 mg/kg) orally. The maxilla tissue stained by eosin and hematoxylin (H&E) was used for histological examinations and immunohistochemical technique. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket by immunohistochemistry test. Results. The reactions of immunohistochemistry for FGF-2 and ALP presented stronger expression, predominantly in EA treated diabetic rat, than the untreated diabetic rat. Conclusion. These findings suggest that the administration of EA combined with RSV may have accelerated the healing process of the tooth socket of diabetic rats, after tooth extraction.
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