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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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Karimi Tari P, Parsons CG, Collingridge GL, Rammes G. Memantine: Updating a rare success story in pro-cognitive therapeutics. Neuropharmacology 2024; 244:109737. [PMID: 37832633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The great potential for NMDA receptor modulators as druggable targets in neurodegenerative disorders has been met with limited success. Considered one of the rare exceptions, memantine has consistently demonstrated restorative and prophylactic properties in many AD models. In clinical trials memantine slows the decline in cognitive performance associated with AD. Here, we provide an overview of the basic properties including pharmacological targets, toxicology and cellular effects of memantine. Evidence demonstrating reductions in molecular, physiological and behavioural indices of AD-like impairments associated with memantine treatment are also discussed. This represents both an extension and homage to Dr. Chris Parson's considerable contributions to our fundamental understanding of a success story in the AD treatment landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi Tari
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Chris G Parsons
- Galimedix Therapeutics, Inc., 2704 Calvend Lane, Kensington, 20895, MD, USA
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; TANZ Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Gerhard Rammes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of the Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Korde DS, Humpel C. A Combination of Heavy Metals and Intracellular Pathway Modulators Induces Alzheimer Disease-like Pathologies in Organotypic Brain Slices. Biomolecules 2024; 14:165. [PMID: 38397402 PMCID: PMC10887098 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Modelling aspects of AD is challenging due to its complex multifactorial etiology and pathology. The present study aims to establish a cost-effective and rapid method to model the two primary pathologies in organotypic brain slices. Coronal hippocampal brain slices (150 µm) were generated from postnatal (day 8-10) C57BL6 wild-type mice and cultured for 9 weeks. Collagen hydrogels containing either an empty load or a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau were applied to the slices. The media was further supplemented with various intracellular pathway modulators or heavy metals to augment the appearance of Aβ plaques and tau NFTs, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for Aβ and tau was significantly increased in the ventral areas in slices with a mixture of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau compared to slices with empty hydrogels. Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like pathologies could be induced independently in slices. Heavy metals (aluminum, lead, cadmium) potently augmented Aβ plaque-like pathology, which developed intracellularly prior to cell death. Intracellular pathway modulators (scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485) significantly boosted tau NFT-like pathologies. A combination of nanomolar concentrations of scopolamine, wortmannin, MHY1485, lead, and cadmium in the media strongly increased Aβ plaque- and tau NFT-like immunoreactivity in ventral areas compared to the slices with non-supplemented media. The results highlight that we could harness the potential of the collagen hydrogel-based spreading of human Aβ42 and P301S aggregated tau, along with pharmacological manipulation, to produce pathologies relevant to AD. The results offer a novel ex vivo organotypic slice model to investigate AD pathologies with potential applications for screening drugs or therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Sharma H, Chang KA, Hulme J, An SSA. Mammalian Models in Alzheimer's Research: An Update. Cells 2023; 12:2459. [PMID: 37887303 PMCID: PMC10605533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A form of dementia distinct from healthy cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multi-stage disease that currently afflicts over 50 million people worldwide. Unfortunately, previous therapeutic strategies developed from murine models emulating different aspects of AD pathogenesis were limited. Consequently, researchers are now developing models that express several aspects of pathogenesis that better reflect the clinical situation in humans. As such, this review seeks to provide insight regarding current applications of mammalian models in AD research by addressing recent developments and characterizations of prominent transgenic models and their contributions to pathogenesis as well as discuss the advantages, limitations, and application of emerging models that better capture genetic heterogeneity and mixed pathologies observed in the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hulme
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Çakır M, Yüksel F, Mustafa Özkut M, Durhan M, Kaymak E, Tekin S, Çiğremiş Y. Neuroprotective effect of transient receptor potential Vanilloid 1 agonist capsaicin in Alzheimer’s disease model induced with okadaic acid. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:109925. [PMID: 37011502 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels was detected in many regions of the human and rat brain, including the cortex and hippocampus. TRPV1 channels have functions such as the modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity and the regulation of cognitive functions. Previous studies conducted with TRPV1 agonists and antagonists show that this channel is associated with the neurodegenerative process. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the effects of capsaicin, which is a TRPV1 agonist, and capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) model that was induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of okadaic acid (OKA). METHODS The AD-like experimental model was created with bilateral ICV OKA injection. Intraperitoneal capsaicin and capsazepine injections were administered to the treatment groups for 13 days and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed from the cortex and hippocampal CA3 regions of the brain. The Morris Water Maze Test was used for spatial memory measurement. RESULTS ICV OKA administration increased the levels of caspase-3, phosphorylated-tau-(ser396), Aβ, TNF-α, and IL1-β, from the cortex and hippocampal CA3 regions of the brain and decreased the phosphorylated-Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-(ser9) levels. In addition, the OKA administration corrupted the spatial memory. The TRPV1 agonist capsaicin reversed the pathological changes induced by ICV OKA administration, but not the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. CONCLUSIONS It was found in the study that the administration of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin reduced neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and deterioration in spatial memory in the AD model induced by OKA.
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Zhang Q, Yin B, Huang Y, Gu Y, Yan J, Chen J, Li C, Zhang Y, Wong SHD, Yang M. A dual “turn-on” biosensor based on AIE effect and FRET for in situ detection of miR-125b biomarker in early Alzheimer's disease. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 230:115270. [PMID: 37023551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b) is highly associated with synaptic dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it a promising biomarker for early AD diagnosis. Hence, there is an urgent need for a reliable sensing platform to assist in situ miR-125b detection. In this work, we report a dual "turn-on" fluorescence biosensor based on the nanocomposite of aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen)-labeled oligonucleotide (TPET-DNA) probes immobilized on the surface of cationic dextran modified molybdenum disulfide (TPET-DNA@Dex-MoS2). In the presence of the target, TEPT-DNA can hybridize with miR-125b to form a DNA/RNA duplex, causing TPET-DNA to detach from the surface of Dex-MoS2 that simultaneously activates the dual fluorescence enhancement processes: (1) recovery of TPET-DNA signal and (2) strong fluorescent emission from AIEgen triggered by restriction of the intramolecular rotation. The sensing performance of TPET-DNA@Dex-MoS2 was demonstrated by detecting miR-125b in vitro with good sensitivity at the picomolar level and rapid response (≤1 h) without amplification procedures. Furthermore, our nanoprobes exhibited excellent imaging capabilities to aid real-time monitoring of the endogenous miR-125b in PC12 cells and brain tissues of mice AD model induced by local administration of okadaic acid (OA). The fluorescence signals of the nanoprobes indicated miR-125b was spatially associated with phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, TPET-DNA@Dex-MoS2 could be a promising tool for in situ and real-time monitoring of the AD-related microRNAs and also provide mechanistic insight into the early prognosis of AD.
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Bozkurt AS, Görücü Yílmaz Ş. Ferroptotic Potency of ISM1 Expression in the Drug-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-Like Phenotype Under the Influence of Betulin. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1565-1578. [PMID: 37980676 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by two main pathological mechanisms, mostly hyperphosphorylated tau and amyloid-β toxicity. Although many studies focus on these basic mechanisms, ferroptosis draws attention as an important pathway responsible for neurodegeneration in AD. There is no definitive treatment for AD but alternative phytochemicals to drugs come into prominence. Betulin is usually obtained from the birch tree. It is an abundant triterpene and has a high antioxidant capacity. Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a secreted adipokine. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the potential treatment of AD in the ferroptosis-ISM1-betulin triangle. METHODS For this, we created an AD model with okadaic acid (200 ng/kg)) in 36 Wistar albino male rats and treated with betulin (20 mg/kg/day, i.p). We evaluated ISM1 gene expression, iron accumulation, and total oxidative metabolism parameters (TAS, TOS, OSI) in hippocampal tissue. We analyzed cognitive recovery in AD with Morris Water Maze Test and general locomotor activity, explore, and anti-anxiolytic effect with Open Field Test. RESULTS We compared the obtained data with metabolic and genetic results. In conclusion, betulin may have a role in neuronal ferroptotic mechanisms by reducing iron accumulation by ISM1 regulation. CONCLUSIONS Betulin may have a role in neuronal ferroptotic mechanisms by reducing iron accumulation by ISM1 regulation. Although this study suggests the corrective effect of betulin and ISM1 on cognitive gain and anxiety, it is the first study to show the total antioxidant capacity of betulin in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Sarper Bozkurt
- Gaziantep University, Medical Faculty, Physiology Department, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Şenay Görücü Yílmaz
- Gaziantep University, Health Science Faculty, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Koberskaya NN, Roshchin FA. Alzheimer's disease and COVID-19. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-89-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Koberskaya
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia; Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - F. A. Roshchin
- Department of Nervous System Diseases and Neurosurgery, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia
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Jarosova R, Niyangoda SS, Hettiarachchi P, Johnson MA. Impaired Dopamine Release and Latent Learning in Alzheimer's Disease Model Zebrafish. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2924-2931. [PMID: 36113115 PMCID: PMC10127145 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disorder for which only treatments of limited efficacy are available. Despite early mentions of dementia in the ancient literature and the first patient diagnosed in 1906, the underlying causes of AD are not well understood. This study examined the possible role of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is involved in cognitive and motor function, in AD. We treated adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) with okadaic acid (OKA) to model AD and assessed the resulting behavioral and neurochemical changes. We then employed a latent learning paradigm to assess cognitive and motor function followed by neurochemical analysis with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at carbon fiber microelectrodes to measure the electrically stimulated dopamine release. The behavioral assay showed that OKA treatment caused fish to have lower motivation to reach the goal chamber, resulting in impeded learning and decreased locomotor activity compared to controls. Our voltammetric measurements revealed that the peak dopamine overflow in OKA-treated fish was about one-third of that measured in controls. These findings highlight the profound neurochemical changes that may occur in AD. Furthermore, they demonstrate that applying the latent learning paradigm and FSCV to zebrafish is a promising tool for future neurochemical studies and may be useful for screening drugs for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Jarosova
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic 12843
| | - Sayuri S. Niyangoda
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Piyanka Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Michael A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and R.N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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Lekchand Dasriya V, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Puniya M, Kumar S, Ranveer S, Chaudhary V, Vij S, Behare P, Singh N, Aluko RE, Puniya AK. Etiology and management of Alzheimer's disease: Potential role of gut microbiota modulation with probiotics supplementation. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14043. [PMID: 34927261 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading type of dementia in aging people and is a progressive condition that causes neurodegeneration, resulting in confusion, memory loss, and deterioration of mental functions. AD happens because of abnormal twisting of the microtubule tau protein in neurons into a tangled neurofibrillary structure. Different factors responsible for AD pathogenesis include heavy metals, aging, cardiovascular disease, and environmental and genetic factors. Market available drugs for AD have several side effects that include hepato-toxicity, accelerated cognitive decline, worsened neuropsychiatric symptoms, and triggered suicidal ideation. Therefore, an emerging alternative therapeutic approach is probiotics, which can improve AD by modulating the gut-brain axis. Probiotics modulate different neurochemical pathways by regulating the signalling pathways associated with inflammation, histone deacetylation, and microglial cell activation and maturation. In addition, probiotics-derived metabolites (i.e., short-chain fatty acid, neurotransmitters, and antioxidants) have shown ameliorative effects against AD. Probiotics also modulate gut microbiota, with a beneficial impact on neural signalling and cognitive activity, which can attenuate AD progression. Therefore, the current review describes the etiology and mechanism of AD progression as well as various treatment options with a focus on the use of probiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In an aging population, dementia concerns are quite prevalent globally. AD is one of the most commonly occurring cognition disorders, which is linked to diminished brain functions. Scientific evidence supports the findings that probiotics and gut microbiota can regulate/modulate brain functions, one of the finest strategies to alleviate such disorders through the gut-brain axis. Thus, gut microbiota modulation, especially through probiotic supplementation, could become an effective solution to ameliorate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pradip Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Trzeciak P, Herbet M, Dudka J. Common Factors of Alzheimer's Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis-Pathomechanism and Treatment. Molecules 2021; 26:6038. [PMID: 34641582 PMCID: PMC8512006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid plaques, or misfolded fragments of proteins, leads to the development of a condition known as amyloidosis, which is clinically recognized as a systemic disease. Amyloidosis plays a special role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The occurrence of amyloidosis correlates with the aging process of the organism, and since nowadays, old age is determined by the comfort of functioning and the elimination of unpleasant disease symptoms in the elderly, exposure to this subject is justified. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques negatively affect glutaminergic and cholinergic transmission and loss of sympathetic protein, while in RA, amyloids stimulated by the activity of the immune system affect the degradation of the osteoarticular bond. The following monograph draws attention to the over-reactivity of the immune system in AD and RA, describes the functionality of the blood-brain barrier as an intermediary medium between RA and AD, and indicates the direction of research to date, focusing on determining the relationship and the cause-effect link between these disorders. The paper presents possible directions for the treatment of amyloidosis, with particular emphasis on innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (P.T.)
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Chu J, Wang J, Cui L, Liu S, An N, Han J, Che X, Wu C, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 ameliorates okadiac acid-induced learning and memory impairment in rats via modulating protein phosphatase 2A. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 197:111496. [PMID: 33957218 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) can significantly improve the cognitive impairments in several Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effects of PF11 on AD, in particular the underlying mechanisms related with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), were investigated in a rat model induced by okadaic acid (OA), a selective inhibitor of PP2A. The results showed that PF11 treatment dose-dependently improved the learning and memory impairments in OA-induced AD rats. PF11 could significantly inhibit OA-induced tau hyperphosphorylation, suppress the activation of glial cells, alleviate neuroinflammation, thus rescue the neuronal and synaptic damage. Further investigation revealed that PF11 could regulate the protein expression of methyl modifying enzymes (leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 and protein phosphatase methylesterase-1) in the brain, thus increase methyl-PP2A protein expression and indirectly increase the activity of PP2A. Molecular docking analysis, structural alignment and in vitro results showed that PF11 was similar in the shape and electrostatic field feature to a known activator of PP2A, and could directly bind and activate PP2A. In conclusion, the present data indicate that PF11 can ameliorate OA-induced learning and memory impairment in rats via modulating PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory for Chronic Diseases, Tangshan Key Laboratory for Clinical and Basic Research on Chronic Diseases, College of Elementary Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Nina An
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Solís-Chagoyán H, Domínguez-Alonso A, Valdés-Tovar M, Argueta J, Sánchez-Florentino ZA, Calixto E, Benítez-King G. Melatonin Rescues the Dendrite Collapse Induced by the Pro-Oxidant Toxin Okadaic Acid in Organotypic Cultures of Rat Hilar Hippocampus. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235508. [PMID: 33255515 PMCID: PMC7727803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-oxidant compound okadaic acid (OKA) mimics alterations found in Alzheimer's disease (AD) as oxidative stress and tau hyperphosphorylation, leading to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Although loss of dendrite complexity occurs in AD, the study of this post-synaptic domain in chemical-induced models remains unexplored. Moreover, there is a growing expectation for therapeutic adjuvants to counteract these brain dysfunctions. Melatonin, a free-radical scavenger, inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation, modulates phosphatases, and strengthens dendritic arbors. Thus, we determined if OKA alters the dendritic arbors of hilar hippocampal neurons and whether melatonin prevents, counteracts, or reverses these damages. Rat organotypic cultures were incubated with vehicle, OKA, melatonin, and combined treatments with melatonin either before, simultaneously, or after OKA. DNA breaks were assessed by TUNEL assay and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Additionally, MAP2 was immunostained to assess the dendritic arbor properties by the Sholl method. In hippocampal hilus, OKA increased DNA fragmentation and reduced the number of MAP2(+) cells, whereas melatonin protected against oxidation and apoptosis. Additionally, OKA decreased the dendritic arbor complexity and melatonin not only counteracted, but also prevented and reversed the dendritic arbor retraction, highlighting its role in post-synaptic domain integrity preservation against neurodegenerative events in hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
| | - Aline Domínguez-Alonso
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
| | - Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
- Departamento de Farmacogenética (current affiliation), Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
| | - Zuly A. Sánchez-Florentino
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
| | - Eduardo Calixto
- Departamento de Neurobiología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico;
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico; (H.S.-C.); (A.D.-A.); (M.V.-T.); (J.A.); (Z.A.S.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-4160-5097
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14
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Marinescu I, Marinescu D, Mogoantă L, Efrem IC, Stovicek PO. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with serious mental illness and possible benefits of prophylaxis with Memantine and Amantadine. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2020; 61:1007-1022. [PMID: 34171050 PMCID: PMC8343601 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with serious mental illness are a high-risk category of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Patients with schizophrenia are not participatory and have increased mortality and morbidity, patients with dementia cannot be cared for while depression, anxiety, bipolar tubing are associated with low immune status. Social stress is amplified by social isolation, amplifying depression and the mechanisms of decreased immunity. Hygiene measures and prophylactic behavior are impossible to put into practice in conditions of chronic mental illness. In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the risk for severe development is associated with the presence of comorbidities and immune system deficiency. Prothrombotic status, cytokine storm and alveolar destruction are mechanisms that aggravate the evolution of patients, especially in the context in which they have dysfunction of the autonomic system. The activity of proinflammatory cytokines is accentuated by hyperglutamatergia, which potentiates oxidative stress and triggers the mechanisms of neural apoptosis by stimulating microglial activation. Activation of M1-type microglia has an important role in pathogenesis of major psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and may associate hippocampal atrophy and disconnection of cognitive structures. Memantine and Amantadine, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor inhibitors, have demonstrated, through their pharmacological profile, psychotropic effects but also antiviral properties. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on these arguments, we suggest that they can be associated with the therapy with the basic psychotropics, Memantine or Amantadine, for the control of neuropsychiatric symptoms but also as adjuvants with antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Marinescu
- Doctoral School, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; ,
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15
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Mir AH, Qamar A, Qadir I, Naqvi AH, Begum R. Accumulation and trafficking of zinc oxide nanoparticles in an invertebrate model, Bombyx mori, with insights on their effects on immuno-competent cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1617. [PMID: 32005898 PMCID: PMC6994675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used in many applications; however, their interactions with cells, immune cells in particular, and potential health risk(s) are not fully known. In this manuscript, we have demonstrated the potential of ZnO NPs to cross the gut barrier in an invertebrate model, Bombyx mori, and that they can reach the hemolymph where they interact with and/or are taken up by immune-competent cells resulting in various toxic responses like decline in hemocyte viability, ROS generation, morphological alterations, apoptotic cell death, etc. Exposure to these NPs also resulted in alteration of hemocyte dynamics including an immediate increase in THC, possibly due to the release of these hemocytes either from enhanced rate of cell divisions or from attached hemocyte populations, and decline in percentage of prohemocytes and increase in percentage of two professional phagocytes, i.e., granulocytes and plasmatocytes, possibly due to the differentiation of prohemocytes into phagocytes in response to a perceived immune challenge posed by these NPs. Taken together, our data suggest that ZnO NPs have the potential to cross gut barrier and cause various toxic effects that could reverse and the insects could return to normal physiological states as there is restoration and repair of various systems and their affected pathways following the clearance of these NPs from the insect body. Our study also indicates that B. mori has the potential to serve as an effective alternate animal model for biosafety, environmental monitoring and screening of NPs, particularly to evaluate their interactions with invertebrate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashiq Hussain Mir
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India. .,Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Ayesha Qamar
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ishana Qadir
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alim H Naqvi
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rizwana Begum
- Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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16
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Hamidi N, Nozad A, Sheikhkanloui Milan H, Salari AA, Amani M. Effect of ceftriaxone on paired-pulse response and long-term potentiation of hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons in rats with Alzheimer-like disease. Life Sci 2019; 238:116969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Pore-former enabled seeding of tau in rats: Alleviation by memantine and lithium chloride. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:47-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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18
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Cholinergic Differentiation of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Line and Its Potential Use as an In vitro Model for Alzheimer's Disease Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7355-7367. [PMID: 31037648 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission is critical to high-order brain functions such as memory, learning, and attention. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive decline associated with a specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons. No effective treatment to prevent or reverse the symptoms is known. Part of this might be due to the lack of in vitro models that effectively mimic the relevant features of AD. Here, we describe the characterization of an AD in vitro model using the SH-SY5Y cell line. Exponentially growing cells were maintained in DMEM/F12 medium and differentiation was triggered by the combination of retinoic acid (RA) and BDNF. Both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities and immunocontent were determined. For mimicking tau and amyloid-β pathology, RA + BDNF-differentiated cells were challenged with okadaic acid (OA) or soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (AβOs) and neurotoxicity was evaluated. RA + BDNF-induced differentiation resulted in remarkable neuronal morphology alterations characterized by increased neurite density. Enhanced expression and enzymatic activities of cholinergic markers were observed compared to RA-differentiation only. Combination of sublethal doses of AβOs and OA resulted in decreased neurite densities, an in vitro marker of synaptopathy. Challenging RA + BDNF-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with the combination of sublethal doses of OA and AβO, without causing considerable decrease of cell viability, provides an in vitro model which mimics the early-stage pathophysiology of cholinergic neurons affected by AD.
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19
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Cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist JWH-133, attenuates Okadaic acid induced spatial memory impairment and neurodegeneration in rats. Life Sci 2019; 217:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Koehler D, Shah ZA, Williams FE. The GSK3β inhibitor, TDZD-8, rescues cognition in a zebrafish model of okadaic acid-induced Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:31-37. [PMID: 30392874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, no treatments exist that are able to directly treat against Alzheimer's disease (AD), and we are facing an inevitable increase in the near future of the amount of patients who will suffer from AD. Most animal models of AD are limited by not being able to recapitulate the entire pathology of AD. Recently an AD model in zebrafish was established by using the protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor, okadaic acid (OKA). Administering OKA to zebrafish was able to recapitulate most of the neuropathology associated with AD. Therefore, providing a drug discovery model for AD that is also time and cost efficient. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GSK3β inhibition by 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1, 2, 4-thiadiazolidine-3, 5-dione (TDZD-8) on this newly developed AD model. Fish were divided into 4 groups and each group received a different treatment. The fish were divided into a control group, a group treated with 1 μM TDZD-8 only, a group treated with 1 μM TDZD-8 + 100 nM OKA, and a group treated with 100 nM OKA only. Administering the GSK3β inhibitor to zebrafish concomitantly with OKA proved to be protective. TDZD-8 treatment reduced the mortality rate, the ratio of active: inactive GSK3β, pTau (Ser199), and restored PP2A activity. This further corroborates the use of GSKβ inhibitors in the treatment against AD and bolsters the use of the OKA-induced AD-like zebrafish model for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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21
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Kim YO, Kim HJ, Abu-Taweel GM, Oh J, Sung GH. Neuroprotective and therapeutic effect of Cordyceps militaris on ischemia-induced neuronal death and cognitive impairments. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:1352-1357. [PMID: 31762595 PMCID: PMC6864366 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a type of fungus consumed by people all over the world and renowned for their nutritional benefits and herbal formulas to promote health and longevity. In the present study investigation was carried out to explore the therapeutic properties and neuroprotective effect of the C. militaris on ischemic brain neuronal injury, impairment of memory and learning in experimental rats induced by a global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in WISTAR rats. Vascular Dementia with transient global brain injuries induced by a four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in WISTAR rats. Further, donepezil (5 mg/kg) and C. militaris was (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) were orally administered for 7 days in 4-VO WISTAR rats. C. militaris has the ability to improve memory impairments due to global cerebral ischemia and scopolamine-induced memory deterioration. Our present findings suggest that C. militaris may be a potential candidate for the neuroprotection of hippocampus and the recovery of various vascular dementia or neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ock Kim
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary's Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Chungam, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Gasem Mohammad Abu-Taweel
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2375, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Junsang Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea
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22
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Ueda K, Takimoto E, Lu Q, Liu P, Fukuma N, Adachi Y, Suzuki R, Chou S, Baur W, Aronovitz MJ, Greenberg AS, Komuro I, Karas RH. Membrane-Initiated Estrogen Receptor Signaling Mediates Metabolic Homeostasis via Central Activation of Protein Phosphatase 2A. Diabetes 2018; 67:1524-1537. [PMID: 29764860 PMCID: PMC6054435 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Women gain weight and their diabetes risk increases as they transition through menopause; these changes can be partly reversed by hormone therapy. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating these effects are unknown. A novel knock-in mouse line with the selective blockade of the membrane-initiated estrogen receptor (ER) pathway was used, and we found that the lack of this pathway precipitated excessive weight gain and glucose intolerance independent of food intake and that this was accompanied by impaired adaptive thermogenesis and reduced physical activity. Notably, the central activation of protein phosphatase (PP) 2A improved metabolic disorders induced by the lack of membrane-initiated ER signaling. Furthermore, the antiobesity effect of estrogen replacement in a murine menopause model was abolished by central PP2A inactivation. These findings define a critical role for membrane-initiated ER signaling in metabolic homeostasis via the central action of PP2A.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipocytes/pathology
- Adiposity/drug effects
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estradiol/therapeutic use
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/agonists
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics
- Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Female
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Glucose Intolerance/etiology
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Glucose Intolerance/pathology
- Glucose Intolerance/prevention & control
- Insulin Resistance
- Menopause
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Ovariectomy
- Point Mutation
- Protein Phosphatase 2/chemistry
- Protein Phosphatase 2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ueda
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiki Takimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Qing Lu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Pangyen Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Fukuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Adachi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shengpu Chou
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wendy Baur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Mark J Aronovitz
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard H Karas
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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23
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Koehler D, Shah ZA, Hensley K, Williams FE. Lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester provides neuroprotection in a zebrafish model of okadaic acid-induced Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2018; 115:61-68. [PMID: 29475037 PMCID: PMC5865644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OKA) is a protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor that is used to induce neurodegeneration and study disease states such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester (LKE) is a bioavailable derivative of the naturally occurring brain sulfur metabolite, lanthionine ketimine (LK). In previously conducted studies, LKE exhibited neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties in murine models but its mechanism of action remains to be clarified. In this study, a recently established zebrafish OKA-induced AD model was utilized to further elucidate the neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties of LKE in the context of an AD-like condition. The fish were divided into 3 groups containing 8 fish per group. Group #1 = negative control, Group #2 = 100 nM OKA, Group #3 = 100 nM OKA +500 μM LKE. OKA caused severe cognitive impairments in the zebrafish, but concomitant treatment with LKE protected against cognitive impairments. Further, LKE significantly and substantially reduced the number of apoptotic brain cells, increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and increased phospho-activation of the pro-survival factors pAkt (Ser 473) and pCREB (Ser133). These findings clarify the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of LKE by highlighting particular survival pathways that are bolstered by the experimental therapeutic LKE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Koehler
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Science, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith, Arkansas, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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24
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Gonzalez D, Arribas RL, Viejo L, Lajarin-Cuesta R, de los Rios C. Substituent effect of N-benzylated gramine derivatives that prevent the PP2A inhibition and dissipate the neuronal Ca2+ overload, as a multitarget strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2551-2560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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George AK, Behera J, Kelly KE, Mondal NK, Richardson KP, Tyagi N. Exercise Mitigates Alcohol Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Mediated Cognitive Impairment through ATF6-Herp Signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5158. [PMID: 29581524 PMCID: PMC5980102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic ethanol/alcohol (AL) dosing causes an elevation in homocysteine (Hcy) levels, which leads to the condition known as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy enhances oxidative stress and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) disruption through modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; in part by epigenetic alternation, leading to cognitive impairment. Clinicians have recommended exercise as a therapy; however, its protective effect on cognitive functions has not been fully explored. The present study was designed to observe the protective effects of exercise (EX) against alcohol-induced epigenetic and molecular alterations leading to cerebrovascular dysfunction. Wild-type mice were subjected to AL administration (1.5 g/kg-bw) and subsequent treadmill EX for 12 weeks (5 day/week@7-11 m/min). AL affected mouse brain through increases in oxidative and ER stress markers, SAHH and DNMTs alternation, while decreases in CBS, CSE, MTHFR, tight-junction proteins and cellular H2S levels. Mechanistic study revealed that AL increased epigenetic DNA hypomethylation of Herp promoter. BBB dysfunction and cognitive impairment were observed in the AL treated mice. AL mediated transcriptional changes were abolished by administration of ER stress inhibitor DTT. In conclusion, exercise restored Hcy and H2S to basal levels while ameliorating AL-induced ER stress, diminishing BBB dysfunction and improving cognitive function via ATF6-Herp-signaling. EX showed its protective efficacy against AL-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kimberly E Kelly
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Nandan K Mondal
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Kennedy P Richardson
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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26
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Souid G, Souayed N, Haouas Z, Maaroufi K. Does the phycotoxin Okadaic acid cause oxidative stress damages and histological alterations to seabream (Sparus aurata)? Toxicon 2018; 144:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Jiao YH, Dou M, Wang G, Li HY, Liu JS, Yang X, Yang WD. Exposure of okadaic acid alters the angiogenesis in developing chick embryos. Toxicon 2017; 133:74-81. [PMID: 28476539 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is a common phycotoxin, which concerns diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) in human being. It has been known that OA can induce disorganization in cytoskeletal architecture and cell-cell contact, cause chromosome loss, apoptosis, DNA damage and inhibit phosphatases, suggesting its potential embryotoxicity. In this paper, we found that low concentration of OA (50 nM, 100 nM and 200 nM) significantly reduced the density of vascular plexus in yolk-sac membrane (YSM) of chick embryo, while high concentration of OA (500 nM) distinctly depressed the blood vessel density in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). After exposed to OA, MDA level and SOD activity increased significantly in CAM tissues. However, addition of vitamin C could rescue OA-suppressed angiogenesis in CAM of chick embryo. After exposure of OA, Ang-2 expression was down-regulated in CAM tissues. Taking together, we proposed that OA interfered with angiogenesis in developing chick embryo, through, at least partly, the induction of excessive ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Min Dou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Cakir M, Duzova H, Tekin S, Taslıdere E, Kaya GB, Cigremis Y, Ozgocer T, Yologlu S. ACA, an inhibitor phospholipases A2 and transient receptor potential melastatin-2 channels, attenuates okadaic acid induced neurodegeneration in rats. Life Sci 2017; 176:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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More SV, Kumar H, Cho DY, Yun YS, Choi DK. Toxin-Induced Experimental Models of Learning and Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1447. [PMID: 27598124 PMCID: PMC5037726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for learning and memory have significantly contributed to novel strategies for drug development and hence are an imperative part in the assessment of therapeutics. Learning and memory involve different stages including acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval and each stage can be characterized using specific toxin. Recent studies have postulated the molecular basis of these processes and have also demonstrated many signaling molecules that are involved in several stages of memory. Most insights into learning and memory impairment and to develop a novel compound stems from the investigations performed in experimental models, especially those produced by neurotoxins models. Several toxins have been utilized based on their mechanism of action for learning and memory impairment such as scopolamine, streptozotocin, quinolinic acid, and domoic acid. Further, some toxins like 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OHDA), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amyloid-β are known to cause specific learning and memory impairment which imitate the disease pathology of Parkinson's disease dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia. Apart from these toxins, several other toxins come under a miscellaneous category like an environmental pollutant, snake venoms, botulinum, and lipopolysaccharide. This review will focus on the various classes of neurotoxin models for learning and memory impairment with their specific mechanism of action that could assist the process of drug discovery and development for dementia and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Duk-Yeon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Yo-Sep Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
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Niedzielska E, Smaga I, Gawlik M, Moniczewski A, Stankowicz P, Pera J, Filip M. Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:4094-4125. [PMID: 26198567 PMCID: PMC4937091 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiologies of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are far from being fully explained. Oxidative stress (OS) has been proposed as one factor that plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by higher levels of OS biomarkers and by lower levels of antioxidant defense biomarkers in the brain and peripheral tissues. In this article, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of OS in neurodegenerative diseases, based on clinical trials and animal studies. In addition, we analyze the effects of the drug-induced modulation of oxidative balance, and we explore pharmacotherapeutic strategies for OS reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niedzielska
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Smaga
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Gawlik
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Moniczewski
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Stankowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Pera
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Filip
- Department of Toxicology, Chair of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
- Laboratory of Drug Addiction Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Liu CC, Lin SP, Hsu HS, Yang SH, Lin CH, Yang MH, Hung MC, Hung SC. Suspension survival mediated by PP2A-STAT3-Col XVII determines tumour initiation and metastasis in cancer stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11798. [PMID: 27306323 PMCID: PMC4912642 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumour-initiating cells (TICs) would lead to new therapies to cure cancer. We previously demonstrated that TICs have the capacity to survive under suspension conditions, while other cells undergo anoikis. Here we show that TICs exhibit increased phosphorylation levels of S727STAT3 because of PP2A inactivation. Collagen 17 gene expression is upregulated in a STAT3-dependent manner, which also stabilizes laminin 5 and engages cells to form hemidesmosome-like junctions in response. Blocking the PP2A-S727STAT3-collagen 17 pathway inhibits the suspension survival of TICs and their ability to form tumours in mice, while activation of the same pathway increases the suspension survival and tumour-initiation capacities of bulk cancer cells. The S727STAT3 phosphorylation levels correlate with collagen 17 expression in colon tumour samples, and correlate inversely with survival. Finally, this signalling axis enhances the ability of TIC to form tumours in mouse models of malignant lung cancer pleural effusion and spontaneous colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pei Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Han-Shui Hsu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Hua Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Stem Cell Laboratory, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Intracerebroventricular administration of okadaic acid induces hippocampal glucose uptake dysfunction and tau phosphorylation. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:136-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Zhao L, Xiao Y, Wang XL, Pei J, Guan ZZ. Original Research: Influence of okadaic acid on hyperphosphorylation of tau and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in primary neurons. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1825-33. [PMID: 27190248 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by okadaic acid on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide. Primary cultures of neurons isolated from the hippocampus of the brains of neonatal rats were exposed to okadaic acid or/and Aβ1-42 Tau phosphorylated at Ser404 and Ser202, and the protein expressions of α7, α4 and α3 nAChR subunits were quantified by Western blotting, and their corresponding mRNAs by real-time PCR. Superoxide dismutase activity was assayed biochemically and malondialdehyde by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance. As compared to controls, phosphorylations of tau at Ser404 and Ser202 in the neurons were elevated by exposure to 20 nM okadaic acid for 48 h but not by 1 or 2 µM Aβ1-42 Treatment with 20 nM okadaic acid or 1 µM Aβ1-42 for 48 h resulted in the reduced α7, α4 and α3 proteins, and α4 and α3 mRNAs, as well as the decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and the increased malondialdehyde. Okadaic acid and Aβ1-42 together caused more pronounced changes in the expressions of α7 and α4, superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation than either alone. When pre-treatment with vitamin E or lovastatin, the neurotoxicity induced by okadaic acid was significantly attenuated. These findings indicate that hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by okadaic acid inhibits the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at both the protein and mRNA levels, as well as enhances the neurotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yan Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Xiao-Liang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jinjing Pei
- KI-Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Zhi-Zhong Guan
- Department of Pathology at the Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, PR China
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A new coumarin derivative, IMM-H004, attenuates okadaic acid-induced spatial memory impairment in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:444-52. [PMID: 26838073 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM A novel coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methyl-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-coumarin (IMM-H004) has shown anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. In this study we investigated the effects of IMM-H004 on spatial memory in rats treated with okadaic acid (OKA), which was used to imitate Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms. METHODS SD rats were administered IMM-H004 (8 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) or donepezil (positive control, 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), ig) for 25 d. On d 8 and 9, OKA (200 ng) was microinjected into the right ventricle. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the spatial memory impairments. Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology in the hippocampus was detected using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. RESULTS OKA-treated rats showed significant impairments of spatial memory in Morris water maze test, which were largely reversed by administration of IMM-H004 or donepezil. Furthermore, OKA-treated rats exhibited significantly increased phosphorylation of tau, deposits of Aβ protein and cell apoptosis in the hippocampus, which were also reversed by administration of IMM-H004 or donepezil. CONCLUSION Administration of IMM-H004 or donepezil protects rats against OKA-induced spatial memory impairments via attenuating tau or Aβ pathology. Thus, IMM-H004 may be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of AD.
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Kalani A, Pushpakumar SB, Vacek JC, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Inhibition of MMP-9 attenuates hypertensive cerebrovascular dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:25-35. [PMID: 26800984 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive cerebropathy is a pathological condition associated with cerebral edema and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. However, the molecular pathways leading to this condition remains obscure. We hypothesize that MMP-9 inhibition can help reducing blood pressure and endothelial disruption associated with hypertensive cerebropathy. Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl/SS) and Lewis rats were fed with high-salt diet for 6 weeks and then treated without and with GM6001 (MMP inhibitor). Treatment of GM6001 (1.2 mg/kg body weight) was administered through intraperitoneal injections on alternate days for 4 weeks. GM6001 non-administered groups were given vehicle (0.9% NaCl in water) treatment as control. Blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff method. The brain tissues were analyzed for oxidative/nitrosative stress, vascular MMP-9 expression, and tight junction proteins (TJPs). GM6001 treatment significantly reduced mean blood pressure in Dahl/SS rats which was significantly higher in vehicle-treated Dahl/SS rats. MMP-9 expression and activity was also considerably reduced in GM6001-treated Dahl/SS rats, which was otherwise notably increased in vehicle-treated Dahl/SS rats. Similarly MMP-9 expression in cerebral vessels of GM6001-treated Dahl/SS rats was also alleviated, as devised by immunohistochemistry analysis. Oxidative/nitrosative stress was significantly higher in vehicle-treated Dahl/SS rats as determined by biochemical estimations of malondialdehyde, nitrite, reactive oxygen species, and glutathione levels. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis further confirmed considerable alterations of TJPs in hypertensive rats. Interestingly, GM6001 treatment significantly ameliorated oxidative/nitrosative stress and TJPs, which suggest restoration of vascular integrity in Dahl/SS rats. These findings determined that pharmacological inhibition of MMP-9 in hypertensive Dahl-SS rats attenuate high blood pressure and hypertension-associated cerebrovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Sathnur B Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jonathan C Vacek
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 500 South Preston Street, Health Sciences Centre, A-1201, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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Sachdeva AK, Chopra K. Naringin mitigate okadaic acid-induced cognitive impairment in an experimental paradigm of Alzheimer's disease. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Dwivedi S, Rajasekar N, Hanif K, Nath C, Shukla R. Sulforaphane Ameliorates Okadaic Acid-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Antioxidant Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5310-23. [PMID: 26433376 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OKA) causes memory impairment and attenuates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats. Sulforaphane (dietary isothiocyanate compound), an activator of Nrf2 signaling, exhibits neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effect of sulforaphane in OKA-induced neurotoxicity remains uninvestigated. Therefore, in the present study, the role of sulforaphane in OKA-induced memory impairment in rats was explored. A significant increased Nrf2 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was observed in trained (Morris water maze) rats, and a significant decreased Nrf2 expression in memory-impaired (OKA, 200 ng icv) rats indicated its involvement in memory function. Sulforaphane administration (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip, days 1 and 2) ameliorates OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. The treatment also restored Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein expression (GCLC, HO-1) and attenuated oxidative stress (ROS, nitrite, GSH), neuroinflammation (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-10), and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of OKA-treated rats. Further, to determine whether modulation of Nrf2 signaling is responsible for the protective effect of sulforaphane, in vitro, Nrf2 siRNA and its downstream HO-1 inhibition studies were carried out in a rat astrocytoma cell line (C6). The protective effects of sulforaphane were abolished with Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibition in astrocytes. The results suggest that Nrf2-dependent activation of cellular antioxidant machinery results in sulforaphane-mediated protection against OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - N Rajasekar
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai, India.
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Zhang T, Tian F, Wang J, Zhou S, Dong X, Guo K, Jing J, Zhou Y, Chen Y. Donepezil attenuates high glucose-accelerated senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells through SIRT1 activation. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:787-92. [PMID: 26194321 PMCID: PMC4529865 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence of endothelial cells is a damage and stress response which induces pro-inflammatory, pro-atherosclerotic, and pro-thrombotic phenotypes. Donepezil is a drug used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the attenuation of endothelial cell senescence by donepezil and to explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of donepezil. Our results indicated that high glucose (HG) markedly decreased cell viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and this phenomenon was reversed by treatment with donepezil. Importantly, our results displayed that the frequency of senescent (SA-ß-gal-positive) cells and the expression level of senescence genes (PAI-1 and p21) were significantly higher in the HG group compared with the normal glucose (NG) group, and these changes were blocked by treatment with donepezil. Also, our results showed that donepezil inhibits the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promotes cellular senescence. Pretreatment with nicotinamide (NAM), a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor, inhibited the reduction in senescence associated with donepezil. Indeed, our results indicated that donepezil increased the SIRT1 enzyme activity. Therefore, these results show that donepezil delays cellular senescence that is promoted under HG condition via activation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28, Fuxing Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Kim UJ, Won R, Lee KH. Neuroprotective effects of okadaic acid following oxidative injury in organotypic hippocampal slice culture. Brain Res 2015; 1618:241-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nazem A, Sankowski R, Bacher M, Al-Abed Y. Rodent models of neuroinflammation for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:74. [PMID: 25890375 PMCID: PMC4404276 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease remains incurable, and the failures of current disease-modifying strategies for Alzheimer's disease could be attributed to a lack of in vivo models that recapitulate the underlying etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The etiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease is not based on mutations related to amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau production which are currently the basis of in vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. It has recently been suggested that mechanisms like chronic neuroinflammation may occur prior to amyloid-β and tau pathologies in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of rodent models of neuroinflammation in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Our search criteria were based on characteristics of an idealistic disease model that should recapitulate causes, symptoms, and lesions in a chronological order similar to the actual disease. Therefore, a model based on the inflammation hypothesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease should include the following features: (i) primary chronic neuroinflammation, (ii) manifestations of memory and cognitive impairment, and (iii) late development of tau and Aβ pathologies. The following models fit the pre-defined criteria: lipopolysaccharide- and PolyI:C-induced models of immune challenge; streptozotocin-, okadaic acid-, and colchicine neurotoxin-induced neuroinflammation models, as well as interleukin-1β, anti-nerve growth factor and p25 transgenic models. Among these models, streptozotocin, PolyI:C-induced, and p25 neuroinflammation models are compatible with the inflammation hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nazem
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Michael Bacher
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., 35043, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Center for Molecular Innovation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Abstract
Synapses are the functional connection between neurons which are necessary for the transfer of electric activity or chemical activity from one cell to another. Synapses are formed by the pre- and postsynaptic membrane which communicates between pre- and postneurons while a neurochemical modulator is operated in this process. H2S has been known as a toxic gas with rotten eggs smell. However, increasing number of researches show that it regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. Hence, H2S is a physiologically important molecule and has been referred to as the third gaseous molecule alongside carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. The previous era has made an exponential development in the physiological and pathological significance of H2S. Specifically, in the central nervous system, H2S facilitates long-term potentiation and regulates intracellular calcium concentration in brain cells. We as well as others have also shown that H2S has antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties against various neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia. In this chapter, we highlight the current knowledge of H2S and its neuroprotective effects with a special emphasis on synaptic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Kamat
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anuradha Kalani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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Mechanism of Oxidative Stress and Synapse Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Therapeutics Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:648-661. [PMID: 25511446 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Synapses are formed by interneuronal connections that permit a neuronal cell to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell. This passage usually gets damaged or lost in most of the neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely believed that the synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss contribute to the cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although pathological hallmarks of AD are senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal degeneration which are associated with increased oxidative stress, synaptic loss is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. The involvement of major kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII), glycogen synthase-3β (GSK-3β), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and calcineurin is dynamically associated with oxidative stress-mediated abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau and suggests that alteration of these kinases could exclusively be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) activation and beta amyloid (Aβ) toxicity alter the synapse function, which is also associated with protein phosphatase (PP) inhibition and tau hyperphosphorylation (two main events of AD). However, the involvement of oxidative stress in synapse dysfunction is poorly understood. Oxidative stress and free radical generation in the brain along with excitotoxicity leads to neuronal cell death. It is inferred from several studies that excitotoxicity, free radical generation, and altered synaptic function encouraged by oxidative stress are associated with AD pathology. NMDARs maintain neuronal excitability, Ca(2+) influx, and memory formation through mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Recently, we have reported the mechanism of the synapse redox stress associated with NMDARs altered expression. We suggest that oxidative stress mediated through NMDAR and their interaction with other molecules might be a driving force for tau hyperphosphorylation and synapse dysfunction. Thus, understanding the oxidative stress mechanism and degenerating synapses is crucial for the development of therapeutic strategies designed to prevent AD pathogenesis.
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Zhang JJ, Han J, Sui N. Okadaic acid blocks the effects of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine on consolidation, acquisition and retrieval of morphine-induced place preference in rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:282-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kalani A, Kamat PK, Givvimani S, Brown K, Metreveli N, Tyagi SC, Tyagi N. Nutri-epigenetics ameliorates blood-brain barrier damage and neurodegeneration in hyperhomocysteinemia: role of folic acid. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 52:202-15. [PMID: 24122186 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms underlying nutrition (nutrition epigenetics) are important in understanding human health. Nutritional supplements, for example folic acid, a cofactor in one-carbon metabolism, regulate epigenetic alterations and may play an important role in the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Folic acid also ameliorates hyperhomocysteinemia, which is a consequence of elevated levels of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces oxidative stress that may epigenetically mediate cerebrovascular remodeling and leads to neurodegeneration; however, the mechanisms behind such alterations remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the protective effects of folic acid against hyperhomocysteinemia-induced epigenetic and molecular alterations leading to neurotoxic cascades. To test this hypothesis, we employed 8-weeks-old male wild-type (WT) cystathionine-beta-synthase heterozygote knockout methionine-fed (CBS+/− + Met), WT, and CBS+/− + Met mice supplemented with folic acid (FA) [WT + FA and CBS+/− + Met + FA, respectively, 0.0057-μg g−1 day−1 dose in drinking water/4 weeks]. Hyperhomocysteinemia in CBS+/− + Met mouse brain was accompanied by a decrease in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and an increase in S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase expression, symptoms of oxidative stress, upregulation of DNA methyltransferases, rise in matrix metalloproteinases, a drop in the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, decreased expression of tight junction proteins, increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration, and synaptotoxicity. Supplementation of folic acid to CBS+/− + Met mouse brain led to a decrease in the homocysteine level and rescued pathogenic and epigenetic alterations, showing its protective efficacy against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity.
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Neha, Sodhi RK, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Animal models of dementia and cognitive dysfunction. Life Sci 2014; 109:73-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Mechanism of synapse redox stress in Okadaic acid (ICV) induced memory impairment: Role of NMDA receptor. Neurochem Int 2014; 76:32-41. [PMID: 24984170 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor that is involved in synaptic mechanisms of learning and memory, and mediates excitotoxic neuronal injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that NMDA receptor subunit gene expression is altered in cortex and hippocampus of OKA induced memory impairment. Therefore in the present study, we checked the effect of OKA (ICV) on NMDA receptor regulation and synapse function. The memory function anomalies and synaptosomal calcium ion (Ca(2+)) level were increased in OKA treated rats brain; which was further protected by MK801 (0.05mg/kg. i.p) treatment daily for 13days. To elucidate the involvement of NMDA receptor, we estimated NR1, NR2A and NR2B (subunits) expression in rat brain. Results showed that expression of NR1 and NR2B were significantly increased, but expression of NR2A had no significant change in OKA treated rat brain. We also observed decrease in synapsin-1 mRNA and protein expression which indicates synapse dysfunction. In addition, we detected an increase in MDA and nitrite levels and a decrease in GSH level in synapse preparation which indicates synapse altered redox stress. Moreover, neuronal loss was also confirmed by nissl staining in periventricular cortex and hippocampus. Altered level of oxidative stress markers along with neuronal loss confirmed neurotoxicity. Further, MK801 treatment restored the level of NR1, NR2B and synapsin-1 expression, and protected from neuronal loss and synapse redox stress. In conclusion, Okadaic acid (OKA) induced expression of NR1 and NR2B deteriorates synapse function in rat brain which was confirmed by the neuroprotective effect of MK801.
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Kamat PK, Rai S, Swarnkar S, Shukla R, Nath C. Molecular and Cellular Mechanism of Okadaic Acid (OKA)-Induced Neurotoxicity: A Novel Tool for Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutic Application. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:852-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Rai S, Kamat PK, Nath C, Shukla R. Glial activation and post-synaptic neurotoxicity: the key events in Streptozotocin (ICV) induced memory impairment in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 117:104-17. [PMID: 24333387 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study the role of glial activation and post synaptic toxicity in ICV Streptozotocin (STZ) induced memory impaired rats was explored. In experiment set up 1: Memory deficit was found in Morris water maze test on 14-16 days after STZ (ICV; 3mg/Kg) administration. STZ causes increased expression of GFAP, CD11b and TNF-α indicating glial activation and neuroinflammation. STZ also significantly increased the level of ROS, nitrite, Ca(2+) and reduced the mitochondrial activity in synaptosomal preparation illustrating free radical generation and excitotoxicity. Increased expression and activity of Caspase-3 was also observed in STZ treated rat which specify apoptotic cell death in hippocampus and cortex. STZ treatment showed decrease expression of post synaptic markers CaMKIIα and PSD-95, while, expression of pre synaptic markers (synaptophysin and SNAP-25) remains unaltered indicating selective post synaptic neurotoxicity. Oral treatment with Memantine (10mg/kg) and Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg) daily for 13 days attenuated STZ induced glial activation, apoptotic cell death and post synaptic neurotoxicity in rat brain. Further, in experiment set up 2: where memory function was not affected i.e. 7-9 days after STZ treatment. The level of GFAP, CD11b, TNF-α, ROS and nitrite levels were increased. On the other hand, apoptotic marker, synaptic markers, mitochondrial activity and Ca(2+) levels remained unaffected. Collective data indicates that neuroinflammatory process and oxidative stress occurs earlier to apoptosis and does not affect memory function. Present study clearly suggests that glial activation and post synaptic neurotoxicity are the key factors in STZ induced memory impairment and neuronal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivika Rai
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, U.P. 226001, India
| | - Pradeep K Kamat
- Division of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Chandishwar Nath
- Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, U.P. 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Shukla
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, U.P. 226001, India.
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Valdiglesias V, Prego-Faraldo MV, Pásaro E, Méndez J, Laffon B. Okadaic acid: more than a diarrheic toxin. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:4328-49. [PMID: 24184795 PMCID: PMC3853731 DOI: 10.3390/md11114328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is one of the most frequent and worldwide distributed marine toxins. It is easily accumulated by shellfish, mainly bivalve mollusks and fish, and, subsequently, can be consumed by humans causing alimentary intoxications. OA is the main representative diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxin and its ingestion induces gastrointestinal symptoms, although it is not considered lethal. At the molecular level, OA is a specific inhibitor of several types of serine/threonine protein phosphatases and a tumor promoter in animal carcinogenesis experiments. In the last few decades, the potential toxic effects of OA, beyond its role as a DSP toxin, have been investigated in a number of studies. Alterations in DNA and cellular components, as well as effects on immune and nervous system, and even on embryonic development, have been increasingly reported. In this manuscript, results from all these studies are compiled and reviewed to clarify the role of this toxin not only as a DSP inductor but also as cause of alterations at the cellular and molecular levels, and to highlight the relevance of biomonitoring its effects on human health. Despite further investigations are required to elucidate OA mechanisms of action, toxicokinetics, and harmful effects, there are enough evidences illustrating its toxicity, not related to DSP induction, and, consequently, supporting a revision of the current regulation on OA levels in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.P.); (B.L.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruna, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (M.V.P.-F.); (J.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-981167000; Fax: +34-981167172
| | - María Verónica Prego-Faraldo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruna, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (M.V.P.-F.); (J.M.)
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.P.); (B.L.)
| | - Josefina Méndez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruna, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (M.V.P.-F.); (J.M.)
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Psychobiology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña E15071, Spain; E-Mails: (E.P.); (B.L.)
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Standardized Extract of Bacopa monniera Attenuates Okadaic Acid Induced Memory Dysfunction in Rats: Effect on Nrf2 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:294501. [PMID: 24078822 PMCID: PMC3776558 DOI: 10.1155/2013/294501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri (memory enhancer) and Melatonin (an antioxidant) on nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in Okadaic acid induced memory impaired rats. OKA (200 ng) was administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) to induce memory impairment in rats. Bacopa monnieri (BM-40 and 80 mg/kg) and Melatonin (20 mg/kg) were administered 1 hr before OKA injection and continued daily up to day 13. Memory functions were assessed by Morris water maze test on days 13–15. Rats were sacrificed for biochemical estimations of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and molecular studies of Nrf2, HO1, and GCLC expressions in cerebral cortex and hippocampus brain regions. OKA caused a significant memory deficit with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss which was concomitant with attenuated expression of Nrf2, HO1, and GCLC. Treatment with BM and Melatonin significantly improved memory dysfunction in OKA rats as shown by decreased latency time and path length. The treatments also restored Nrf2, HO1, and GCLC expressions and decreased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal loss. Thus strengthening the endogenous defense through Nrf2 modulation plays a key role in the protective effect of BM and Melatonin in OKA induced memory impairment in rats.
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