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Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Barh D, Uversky V, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM, Alzahrani KJ, Alzahrani FM, Alshammeri S, Lundstrom K. Can COVID-19 Vaccines Induce Premature Non-Communicable Diseases: Where Are We Heading to? Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020208. [PMID: 36851087 PMCID: PMC9960675 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the WHO, as of January 2023, more than 850 million cases and over 6.6 million deaths from COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Currently, the death rate has been reduced due to the decreased pathogenicity of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, but the major factor in the reduced death rates is the administration of more than 12.8 billion vaccine doses globally. While the COVID-19 vaccines are saving lives, serious side effects have been reported after vaccinations for several premature non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, the reported adverse events are low in number. The scientific community must investigate the entire spectrum of COVID-19-vaccine-induced complications so that necessary safety measures can be taken, and current vaccines can be re-engineered to avoid or minimize their side effects. We describe in depth severe adverse events for premature metabolic, mental, and neurological disorders; cardiovascular, renal, and autoimmune diseases, and reproductive health issues detected after COVID-19 vaccinations and whether these are causal or incidental. In any case, it has become clear that the benefits of vaccinations outweigh the risks by a large margin. However, pre-existing conditions in vaccinated individuals need to be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Debmalya Barh
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur 721172, India
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.L.)
| | - Vladimir Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alaa A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, Brayford Pool Campus, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshammeri
- Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kenneth Lundstrom
- PanTherapeutics, Route de Lavaux 49, CH1095 Lutry, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (K.L.)
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COVID-19 vaccination may enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adults. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:87-89. [PMID: 36202167 PMCID: PMC9527215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a detrimental impact of COVID-19 illness on the continued hippocampal neurogenesis in adults. In contrast, the existing literature supports an enhancing effect of COVID-19 vaccination on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Vaccines against respiratory infections, including influenza, have been shown to enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in adult-age animals. We propose that a similar benefit may happen in COVID-19 vaccinated adults. The vaccine-induced enhancement of the hippocampal neurogenesis in adults thus may protect against age-related cognitive decline and mental disorders. It alsohints at an added mental health benefit of the COVID-19 vaccination programs in adults.
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Zheng X, Chen Z, Shi S, Yan H, Zhou J, Jiang L, Wang H, Hou G, Jiang Z. Forsythiaside A improves Influenza A virus infection through TLR7 signaling pathway in the lungs of mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:164. [PMID: 35733131 PMCID: PMC9214192 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Influenza A virus infection due to drug resistance and side effects of the conventional antiviral drugs yet remains a serious public health threat for humans and animals. Forsythiaside A is an effective ingredient isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine forsythia. It has various pharmacological effects and has a good therapeutic effect against a variety of infectious diseases. This study aimed to further explore the immunological mechanism of Forsythiaside A in the treatment of influenza virus-infected mice and its effect on the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway in the lungs of these mice.
Methods
C57/BL6J mice and TLR7−/− mice were infected with the FM1 strains (H1N1 and A/FM/1/4) of the Influenza A virus. Each group of experimental mice were divided into the mock, virus, oseltamivir, and Forsythiaside A groups. Weight change, lung index change, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of key factors in the TLR7 signaling pathway were detected. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes in the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios.
Results
After infection with the Influenza A virus, the weight loss of C57/BL6J mice treated with forsythoside A and oseltamivir decreased, and the pathological tissue sections showed that the inflammatory damage was reduced. The expression levels of the key factors, TLR7, myeloid differentiation factor 88(Myd88), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the TLR7 signaling pathway were significantly reduced. Flow cytometry showed that Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg ratios decreased after Forsythiaside A treatment. In the TLR7−/− mice, there was no significant change after Forsythiaside A treatment in the virus group.
Conclusions
Forsythiaside A affects the TLR7 signaling pathway in mouse lung immune cells and reduces the inflammatory response caused by the Influenza A virus FM1 strain in mouse lungs.
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Massrali A, Adhya D, Srivastava DP, Baron-Cohen S, Kotter MR. Virus-Induced Maternal Immune Activation as an Environmental Factor in the Etiology of Autism and Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:834058. [PMID: 35495047 PMCID: PMC9039720 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.834058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) is mediated by activation of inflammatory pathways resulting in increased levels of cytokines and chemokines that cross the placental and blood-brain barriers altering fetal neural development. Maternal viral infection is one of the most well-known causes for immune activation in pregnant women. MIA and immune abnormalities are key players in the etiology of developmental conditions such as autism, schizophrenia, ADHD, and depression. Experimental evidence implicating MIA in with different effects in the offspring is complex. For decades, scientists have relied on either MIA models or human epidemiological data or a combination of both. MIA models are generated using infection/pathogenic agents to induce an immunological reaction in rodents and monitor the effects. Human epidemiological studies investigate a link between maternal infection and/or high levels of cytokines in pregnant mothers and the likelihood of developing conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between virus-mediated MIA and neurodevelopmental conditions, focusing on autism and schizophrenia. We further discuss the different methods of studying MIA and their limitations and focus on the different factors contributing to MIA heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïcha Massrali
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dwaipayan Adhya
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Spini VBMG, Ferreira FR, Gomes AO, Duarte RMF, Oliveira VHS, Costa NB, Ferreira AFF, Dourado MDPB, Ribeiro-Barbosa ER. Maternal Immune Activation with H1N1 or Toxoplasma gondii Antigens Induces Behavioral Impairments Associated with Mood Disorders in Rodents. Neuropsychobiology 2021; 80:234-241. [PMID: 33070134 DOI: 10.1159/000510791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies revealed that maternal exposure to influenza A (H1N1) and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection during pregnancy may increase the risk for mood disorders of the offspring. However, the impact of maternal infections in different stages of neural development and the nature of antigens remain to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study investigated behavioral impairments induced by maternal immune activation (MIA) due to H1N1 or T. gondii infection during preborn neurodevelopment. METHODS Maternal infection with influenza or toxoplasma was mimicked by administration of influenza vaccine antigens or suspension of soluble T. gondii antigen (STAg) in pregnant Balb/c mice at E6 or E16. Adult male offspring were evaluated for anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). RESULTS In FST, immobility time at E6 and E16 increased when the mothers were treated with both antigen solutions. There was increased immobility in the pups whose mothers were treated with STAg at E16. MIA with influenza antigens reduced the exploration of the open arms of EPM for the pups whose progenitors received treatment at E6 and E16. The animals at E6 exhibited a greater number of stretch-attend postures compared with the saline group. STAg at E6 reduced the time of exploration in the open arms and increased the number of stretch-attend postures compared with the saline group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that immunological responses to H1N1 or T. gondii during pregnancy may impact differently the susceptibility of adult offspring to mood disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa B M G Spini
- Physiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil,
| | | | - Angelica Oliveira Gomes
- Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Erika R Ribeiro-Barbosa
- Physiology Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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Shuid AN, Jayusman PA, Shuid N, Ismail J, Kamal Nor N, Mohamed IN. Association between Viral Infections and Risk of Autistic Disorder: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2817. [PMID: 33802042 PMCID: PMC7999368 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of the central nervous system (CNS) that presents with severe communication problems, impairment of social interactions, and stereotypic behaviours. Emerging studies indicate possible associations between viral infections and neurodegenerative and neurobehavioural conditions including autism. Viral infection during critical periods of early in utero neurodevelopment may lead to increased risk of autism in the offspring. This review is aimed at highlighting the association between viral infections, including viruses similar to COVID-19, and the aetiology of autism. A literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Ovid/Medline, and Google Scholar database. Relevant search terms included "rubella and autism", "cytomegalovirus and autism", "influenza virus and autism", "Zika virus and autism", "COVID-19 and autism". Based on the search terms, a total of 141 articles were obtained and studies on infants or children with congenital or perinatal viral infection and autistic behaviour were evaluated. The possible mechanisms by which viral infections could lead to autism include direct teratogenic effects and indirect effects of inflammation or maternal immune activation on the developing brain. Brain imaging studies have shown that the ensuing immune response from these viral infections could lead to disruption of the development of brain regions and structures. Hence, long-term follow up is necessary for infants whose mothers report an inflammatory event due to viral infection at any time during pregnancy to monitor for signs of autism. Research into the role of viral infection in the development of ASD may be one avenue of improving ASD outcomes in the future. Early screening and diagnosis to detect, and maybe even prevent ASD are essential to reduce the burden of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naqib Shuid
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Malaysia;
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Nazrun Shuid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sg Buloh 47000, Malaysia
| | - Juriza Ismail
- Autism Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.I.); (N.K.N.)
| | - Norazlin Kamal Nor
- Autism Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (J.I.); (N.K.N.)
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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Sünnetçi E, Durankuş F, Albayrak Y, Erdoğan MA, Atasoy Ö, Erbaş O. Effects of the Prenatal Administration of Tetanus Toxoid on the Sociability and Explorative Behaviors of Rat Offspring: A Preliminary Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 19:84-92. [PMID: 33508791 PMCID: PMC7851460 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2021.19.1.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a severely disabling psychiatric disease characterized by impairments in communication and social skills. Although efforts have been made to explore the etiology of ASD, its pathophysiology remains unclear. This issue is rendered more challenging by confounding data about the effects of vaccination on disease etiology. In this study, therefore, we investigated the neurodevelopmental effects of maternal tetanus toxoid administration on rat offspring. We hypothesized that the vaccine affects the sociability and preference for social novelty of rat offspring as well as the production of immunological and neurotrophic factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), neuron growth factor (NGF), and oxytocin. METHODS The study involved 12 female and 4 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (238 ± 10 g), which were assigned to two groups. Group 1 (control group) was given 0.5 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) on the 10th day of pregnancy, whereas Group 2 (experimental group) was administered 0.5 ml of tetanus vaccine (tetanus toxoid, 40 IU). RESULTS Maternal tetanus toxoid administration exerted beneficial effects on the sociability and explorative behaviors of the rats. The brain tissue levels of TNF-α, NGF, NRG-1, and oxytocin were higher in the experimental group than those among the controls. All these significant differences were found in both the male and female rats. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the advantages of tetanus toxoid administration in relation to the sociability and explorative behaviors of rat offspring. The results showed that the vaccine also influences NRG-1, neuregulin, and oxytocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Sünnetçi
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Training and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferit Durankuş
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Albayrak
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mümin Alper Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Katip Çelebi University Medical School, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özüm Atasoy
- Department of Radiation Oncolgy, Kartal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Demiroğlu Bilim University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gu L, Zhou Y, Wang G, Deng H, Song X, He X, Wang T, Chen X, Dai J, Li R. Spatial learning and memory impaired after infection of non-neurotropic influenza virus in BALB/c male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:29-36. [PMID: 33429197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
During the influenza pandemic or seasonal influenza outbreak, influenza infection can cause acute influenza-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis (IAE), even death. Patients with severe IAE will also have severe neurological sequelae. Neurologic disorders have been demonstrated in the mice treated with peripheral influenza viruses infection, whether neurotropic or non-neurotropic viruses. However, previous studies focused on the acute phase of infection, and rarely paid attention to a longer range of observations. Therefore, the long-term effect of non-neurotropic virus infection on the host is not very clear. In this study, adult mice were infected with influenza virus H1N1/PR8. Then, spontaneous behavior, body weight, expression of cytokines in brain, spatial learning ability and spatial memory ability were observed, until the complete recovery period. The results showed that cytokines in the brain were highly expressed in the convalescent phase (14 day post inoculation, dpi), especially BDNF, IBA1, CX3CL1 and CD200 were still highly expressed in the recovery phase (28 dpi). Otherwise the emotional and spatial memory ability of mice were impacted in the convalescent phase (14 dpi) and the recovery phase (28 dpi). In brief, BALB/c mice infected with non-neurotropic influenza virus H1N1, the weight and motor ability decreased in acute stage. During the recovery period, the body weight and activity ability were completely restored, whereas the emotion disordered, and the ability of spatial learning and memory were impacted in the infected mice. This long-term behavior impact may be the lag injury caused by non-neurotropic influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanlin Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Gefei Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Huixiong Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinli Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuanting He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China; Center of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Antiviral Activity of 3D, a Butene Lactone Derivative Against Influenza A Virus In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020278. [PMID: 33670217 PMCID: PMC7916974 DOI: 10.3390/v13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a highly variable and contagious respiratory pathogen that can cause annual epidemics and it poses an enormous threat to public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new generation of antiviral drugs to combat the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the influenza virus. A novel series of butene lactone derivatives were screened and the compound 3D was selected, as it exhibited in vitro potential antiviral activity against A/Weiss/43 H1N1 virus with low toxicity. In addition, 3D dose-dependently inhibited the viral replication, expression of viral mRNA and viral proteins. 3D exerted a suppressive effect on A/Virginia/ATCC2/2009 H1N1 and A/California/2/2014 H3N2 in vitro. The time-of-addition analysis indicated that 3D suppressed H1N1 in the early stage of its life cycle. A/Weiss/43 H1N1-induced apoptosis in A549 cells was reduced by 3D via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. 3D could decrease the production of H1N1-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines that are induced by H1N1 in vitro and in vivo. The administration of 3D reduced lung lesions and virus load in vivo. These results suggest that 3D, which is a butene lactone derivative, is a promising agent for the treatment of influenza A virus infection.
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Kępińska AP, Iyegbe CO, Vernon AC, Yolken R, Murray RM, Pollak TA. Schizophrenia and Influenza at the Centenary of the 1918-1919 Spanish Influenza Pandemic: Mechanisms of Psychosis Risk. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:72. [PMID: 32174851 PMCID: PMC7054463 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between influenza infection and psychosis have been reported since the eighteenth century, with acute "psychoses of influenza" documented during multiple pandemics. In the late 20th century, reports of a season-of-birth effect in schizophrenia were supported by large-scale ecological and sero-epidemiological studies suggesting that maternal influenza infection increases the risk of psychosis in offspring. We examine the evidence for the association between influenza infection and schizophrenia risk, before reviewing possible mechanisms via which this risk may be conferred. Maternal immune activation models implicate placental dysfunction, disruption of cytokine networks, and subsequent microglial activation as potentially important pathogenic processes. More recent neuroimmunological advances focusing on neuronal autoimmunity following infection provide the basis for a model of infection-induced psychosis, potentially implicating autoimmunity to schizophrenia-relevant protein targets including the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Finally, we outline areas for future research and relevant experimental approaches and consider whether the current evidence provides a basis for the rational development of strategies to prevent schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna P. Kępińska
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad O. Iyegbe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony C. Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Laboratory of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Pollak
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Leiter O, Bernas SN, Seidemann S, Overall RW, Horenburg C, Kowal S, Kempermann G, Walker TL. The systemic exercise-released chemokine lymphotactin/XCL1 modulates in vitro adult hippocampal precursor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11831. [PMID: 31413355 PMCID: PMC6694144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has well-established anti-inflammatory effects, with neuro-immunological crosstalk being proposed as a mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on brain health. Here, we used physical exercise, a strong positive modulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as a model to identify immune molecules that are secreted into the blood stream, which could potentially mediate this process. Proteomic profiling of mouse plasma showed that levels of the chemokine lymphotactin (XCL1) were elevated after four days of running. We found that XCL1 treatment of primary cells isolated from both the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of the adult mice led to an increase in the number of neurospheres and neuronal differentiation in neurospheres derived from the dentate gyrus. In contrast, primary dentate gyrus cells isolated from XCL1 knockout mice formed fewer neurospheres and exhibited a reduced neuronal differentiation potential. XCL1 supplementation in a dentate gyrus-derived neural precursor cell line promoted neuronal differentiation and resulted in lower cell motility and a reduced number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. This work suggests an additional function of the chemokine XCL1 in the brain and underpins the complexity of neuro-immune interactions that contribute to the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Leiter
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Stefanie N Bernas
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Suse Seidemann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cindy Horenburg
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susann Kowal
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tara L Walker
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
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12
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Wu Y, Qi F, Song D, He Z, Zuo Z, Yang Y, Liu Q, Hu S, Wang X, Zheng X, Yang J, Yuan Q, Zou J, Guo K, Yao Z. Prenatal influenza vaccination rescues impairments of social behavior and lamination in a mouse model of autism. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:228. [PMID: 30103815 PMCID: PMC6090662 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prenatal infection is a substantial risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism in offspring. We have previously reported that influenza vaccination (VAC) during early pregnancy contributes to neurogenesis and behavioral function in offspring. Results Here, we probe the efficacy of VAC pretreatment on autism-like behaviors in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model. We show that VAC improves abnormal fetal brain cytoarchitecture and lamination, an effect associated with promotion of intermediate progenitor cell differentiation in MIA fetal brain. These beneficial effects are sufficient to prevent social deficits in adult MIA offspring. Furthermore, whole-genome analysis suggests a strong interaction between Ikzf1 (IKAROS family zinc-finger 1) and neuronal differentiation. Intriguingly, VAC rescues excessive microglial Ikzf1 expression and attenuates microglial inflammatory responses in the MIA fetal brain. Conclusions Our study implies that a preprocessed influenza vaccination prevents maternal bacterial infection from causing neocortical lamination impairments and autism-related behaviors in offspring. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1252-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zitian He
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zejie Zuo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yunjie Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Saisai Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaona Zheng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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13
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Cattane N, Richetto J, Cattaneo A. Prenatal exposure to environmental insults and enhanced risk of developing Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder: focus on biological pathways and epigenetic mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 117:253-278. [PMID: 29981347 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When considering neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), Schizophrenia (SZ) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are considered to be among the most severe in term of prevalence, morbidity and impact on the society. Similar features and overlapping symptoms have been observed at multiple levels, suggesting common pathophysiological bases. Indeed, recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and epidemiological data report shared vulnerability genes and environmental triggers across the two disorders. In this review, we will discuss the possible biological mechanisms, including glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions, inflammatory signals and oxidative stress related systems, which are targeted by adverse environmental exposures and that have been associated with the development of SZ and ASD. We will also discuss the emerging role of the gut microbiome as possible interplay between environment, immune system and brain development. Finally, we will describe the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the maintenance of long-lasting effects of adverse environments early in life. This will allow us to better understand the pathophysiology of these NDDs, and also to identify novel targets for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy
| | - Juliet Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli San Giovanni di Dio, via Pilastroni 4, Brescia, Italy; Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, SE5 9NU, London, UK.
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14
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Palumbo ML, Di Rosso ME, Simon EH, Gonzalez Murano MR, Genaro AM. Altered interferon-γ expression in lymphocytes as a potential peripheral marker of chronic stress-induced cognitive deficit. Cytokine 2018; 107:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Liu JX, Zhang Y, Hu QP, Li JQ, Liu YT, Wu QG, Wu JG, Lai XP, Zhang ZD, Li X, Li G. Anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside in reducing acute lung injury in mice infected with influenza virus. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:34-43. [PMID: 28461072 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside (RAG) is a dicaffeoyl phenolic compound isolated from Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai. Preliminary studies show that RAG has significant anti-inflammatory properties and can alleviate ear swelling in mice and the paw swelling in rats. Here, the anti-influenza effects of RAG were investigated in mice infected with A/FM/1/47 H1N1 virus. The survival rate and body weight were observed, the lung edema, virus copies, inflammatory cytokines (including IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α and IFN-γ) and oxidative damage indexes (including SOD, MDA, NO, and CAT) were measured. Moreover, immune cell recruitment in alveoli was measured with white blood cells and differential counts. Therapeutic RAG concentrations substantially improve the symptoms, mitigate body weight loss and alleviate lung edema induced by virus, thus improve survival protection effects. Furthermore, RAG was shown to regulate influenza virus-induced inflammatory cytokine expression, specifically by downregulating the Th1 cell cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α and upregulating the Th2 cell cytokines IL-4, IL-5. Cell migration and infiltration were also diminished after RAG administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xing Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Hu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yun-Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qing-Guang Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhong-de Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Remodeling the Th1 polarized systemic environment contributes to neurogenesis and cognitive function via the Wnt7a pathway in neonatal mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:60-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Yang J, Qi F, Yang Y, Yuan Q, Zou J, Guo K, Yao Z. Neonatal hepatitis B vaccination impaired the behavior and neurogenesis of mice transiently in early adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:166-176. [PMID: 27501128 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a vital role in brain development. The hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) is administered to more than 70% of neonates worldwide. Whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development is unknown. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with HBV or phosphate-buffered saline. HBV induced impaired behavioral performances and hippocampal long-term potentiation at 8 weeks (w) of age without influence at 4 or 12w. At 6w, there was decreased neurogenesis, M1 microglial activation and a neurotoxic profile of neuroimmune molecule expression [increased tumor necrosis factor-α and reduced interferon (IFN)-γ, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor-1] in the hippocampus of the HBV-vaccinated mice. In the serum, HBV induced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)-4, indicating a T helper (Th)-2 bias. Moreover, the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was positively correlated with the levels of neurotrophins and neurogenesis in the hippocampus at the individual level. These findings suggest that neonatal HBV vaccination of mice results in neurobehavioral impairments in early adulthood by inducing a proinflammatory and low neurotrophic milieu in the hippocampus, which follows the HBV-induced systemic Th2 bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Kaihua Guo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China.
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18
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Ma L, Shen X, Gao Y, Wu Q, Ji M, Luo C, Zhang M, Wang T, Chen X, Tao L. Blocking B7-1/CD28 Pathway Diminished Long-Range Brain Damage by Regulating the Immune and Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1673-83. [PMID: 26980009 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute brain injuries can activate bidirectional crosstalk between the injured brain and the immune system. The immune system, particularly T lymphocytes and cytokines, has been implicated in the progression of brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80)/B7-2 (CD86) binding cognate receptor provides a secondary signaling to T cell activation. The aim of our study was to explore the effects of anti-B7-1 antibody on the development and prognosis of cerebral hemorrhage and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. Mice were inner canthus veniplex administered with anti-B7-1 antibody at 10 min and 24 h after ICH and sacrificed on the third day after ICH. Immune function was assessed via splenocyte proliferation assay and organism index, respectively. IFN-γ and IL-4 were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay. The cerebral edema was evaluated via brain water content. The levels of autophagy and apoptosis related proteins were measured by western blotting analysis. In addition, functional outcome was studied with pole-climbing test and morris water maze. The mice were weighed on 0, 1, 3, 14 and 21 days after ICH. The treatment with anti-B7-1 antibody significantly lowered immune function, and reduced the latency of water maze on 18 and 20 days, the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 as well as body weight on day 3 after cerebral hemorrhage. Our study suggests that in the cerebral hemorrhage mice brain anti-B7-1 antibody may reduce long-range brain damage by reversing immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Mengmeng Ji
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, No. 178, Ganjiang East Road, Soochow, 215123, China.
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19
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A(H1N1) vaccination recruits T lymphocytes to the choroid plexus for the promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory in pregnant mice. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 53:72-83. [PMID: 26576725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that A(H1N1) influenza vaccine (AIV) promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory in pregnant mice. However, the underlying mechanism of flu vaccination in neurogenesis and memory has remained unclear. In this study, we found that T lymphocytes were recruited from the periphery to the choroid plexus (CP) of the lateral and third (3rd) ventricles in pregnant mice vaccinated with AIV (Pre+AIV). Intracerebroventricular delivery of anti-TCR antibodies markedly decreased neurogenesis and the working memory of the Pre+AIV mice. Similarly, intravenous delivery of anti-CD4 antibodies to the periphery also down-regulated neurogenesis. Furthermore, AIV vaccination caused microglia to skew toward an M2-like phenotype (increased Arginase-1 and Ym1 mRNA levels), and elevated levels of brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were found in the hippocampus, whereas these effects were offset by anti-TCR antibody treatment. Additionally, in the CP, the expression level of adhesion molecules and chemokines, which assist leukocytes in permeating into the brain, were also elevated after AIV vaccination of pregnant mice. Collectively, the results suggested that the infiltrative T lymphocytes in the CP contribute to the increase in hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory caused by flu vaccination, involving activation of the brain's CP, M2 microglial polarization and neurotrophic factor expression.
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20
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Kumsiri R, Troye-Blomberg M, Pattanapanyasat K, Krudsood S, Maneerat Y. IgE low affinity receptor (CD23) expression, Plasmodium falciparum specific IgE and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in Thai uncomplicated and severe falciparum malaria patients. Acta Trop 2016; 154:25-33. [PMID: 26519199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) specific IgE in the form of immune complexes crosslinking the low-affinity receptor (CD23) on monocyte results in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO) production. However, the roles of these parameters in severity and immune protection are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between CD23 expression on monocytes, plasma soluble CD23 (sCD23), total IgE, malaria-specific IgE and IgG, and TNF-α levels in P. falciparum infected patients. We evaluated 64 uncomplicated (UC) and 25 severe patients (S), admitted at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, and 34 healthy controls (C) enrolled in 2001. Flow cytometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) demonstrated that trends of the CD23 expression, levels of sCD23 and specific IgE were higher in the S group as compared to those in the UC and C groups. Plasma levels of P. falciparum specific IgE in the UC (p=0.011) and S groups (p=0.025) were significantly higher than those in C group. In contrast the TNF-α levels tended to be higher in the UC than those in the S (p=0.343) and significantly higher than those in C (p=0.004) groups. The specific IgG levels in UC were significantly higher than those in S and C (p<0.001) groups. At admission, a strong significant negative correlation was found between specific IgG and sCD23 (r=-0.762, p=0.028), and TNF-α and IgE-IgG complexes (r=-0.715, p=0.002). Significant positive correlations between levels of specific IgE and TNF-α (r=0.575, p=0.010); and sCD23 (r=0.597, p=0.000) were also observed. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD23 expression and malaria-specific IgE levels may be involved in the severity of the disease while TNF-α and the malaria-specific IgG may correlate with protection against falciparum malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanok Kumsiri
- Pathobiology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Marita Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Hygiene, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yaowapa Maneerat
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Yang J, Qi F, Gu H, Zou J, Yang Y, Yuan Q, Yao Z. Neonatal BCG vaccination of mice improves neurogenesis and behavior in early life. Brain Res Bull 2015; 120:25-33. [PMID: 26536170 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is administered to neonates worldwide, but it is still unknown whether this neonatal vaccination affects brain development during early postnatal life, despite the close association of the immune system with the brain. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were injected subcutaneously with BCG or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and their mood status and spatial cognition were observed at four and eight weeks (w) old. The mice were also subjected to tests at 2 and 6 w to examine BCG's effects on neurogenesis, the hippocampal microglia phenotype and number, and the expression of hippocampal neuroimmune molecules and peripheral cytokines. The BCG-injected mice showed better behavioral performances at 4 w. We observed elevated neurogenesis, M2 microglial activation and a neurotrophic profile of neuroimmune molecules [more interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and less tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-1β] in the hippocampus of the 2-w-old BCG-mice. In the periphery, BCG induced a T helper (Th)-1 serum response. At the individual level, there were positive correlations between the serum IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio and the levels of neurotrophins and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that neonatal BCG vaccination improved neurogenesis and mouse behavior in early life by affecting the neuroimmune milieu in the brain, which may be associated with a systemic Th1 bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Fangfang Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huaiyu Gu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Juntao Zou
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qunfang Yuan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhibin Yao
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, #74, Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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22
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Neonatal vaccination with bacillus Calmette-Guérin and hepatitis B vaccines modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:1-12. [PMID: 26531688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation can exert multiple effects on synaptic transmission. Our study demonstrates the influence of neonatal vaccination on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats under normal physiological conditions. The results revealed that neonatal BCG vaccination enhanced synaptic plasticity. In contrast, HBV hampered it. Furthermore, we found that the cytokine balance shifted in favour of the T helper type 1/T helper type 2 immune response in BCG/HBV-vaccinated rats in the periphery. The peripheral IFN-γ:IL-4 ratio was positively correlated with BDNF and IGF-1 in the hippocampus. BCG raised IFN-γ, IL-4, BDNF and IGF-1 and reduced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, whereas, HBV triggered the opposite effects.
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