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Eijsvogel PPNM, Borghans LGJM, Prins S, Moss L, van Kraaij SJW, van Brummelen E, Klaassen E, Martin RS, Bautista E, Ford AP, Kremer PHC, Groeneveld GJ, Vargas GA. Cognitive Effects of Three β-Adrenoceptor Acting Drugs in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:JPD240039. [PMID: 39213090 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Noradrenergic signaling declines in Parkinson's disease (PD) following locus coeruleus neurodegeneration. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that β-acting drugs slow PD progression. Objective The primary objective was to compare the safety and effects of 3 β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) acting drugs on central nervous system (CNS) function after a single dose in healthy volunteers (HVs) and evaluate the effects of multiple doses of β-AR acting drugs in HVs and PD-patients. Methods In Part A, HVs received single doses of 32 mg salbutamol, 160μg clenbuterol, 60 mg pindolol and placebo administered in a randomized, 4-way cross-over study. In Part B (randomized cross-over) and Part C (parallel, 2:1 randomized), placebo and/or clenbuterol (20μg on Day 1, 40μg on Day 2, 80μg on Days 3-7) were administered. CNS functions were assessed using the NeuroCart test battery, including pupillometry, adaptive tracking and recall tests. Results Twenty-seven HVs and 12 PD-patients completed the study. Clenbuterol improved and pindolol reduced the adaptive tracking and immediate verbal recall performance. Clenbuterol and salbutamol increased and pindolol decreased pupil-to-iris ratios. Clenbuterol was selected for Parts B and C. In Part B, clenbuterol significantly increased performance in adaptive tracking with a tendency toward improved performance in immediate and delayed verbal recall. In Part C trends toward improved performance in immediate and delayed verbal recall were observed in PD-patients. Typical cardiovascular peripheral β 2-AR effects were observed with clenbuterol. Conclusions This study demonstrates the pro-cognitive effects of clenbuterol in HVs with similar trends in PD-patients. The mechanism of action is likely activation of β2-ARs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn P N M Eijsvogel
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Samantha Prins
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Moss
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan J W van Kraaij
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip H C Kremer
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Groeneveld
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Verduzco-Mendoza A, Mota-Rojas D, Olmos-Hernández A, Avila-Luna A, García-García K, Gálvez-Rosas A, Hidalgo-Bravo A, Ríos C, Parra-Cid C, Montes S, García-López J, Ramos-Languren LE, Pérez-Severiano F, González-Piña R, Bueno-Nava A. Changes in Noradrenergic Synthesis and Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase Activity in Response to Oxidative Stress after Iron-induced Brain Injury. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04222-9. [PMID: 39105899 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) levels are altered during the first hours and several days after cortical injury. NA modulates motor functional recovery. The present study investigated whether iron-induced cortical injury modulated noradrenergic synthesis and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in response to oxidative stress in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum of the rat. Seventy-eight rats were divided into two groups: (a) the sham group, which received an intracortical injection of a vehicle solution; and (b) the injured group, which received an intracortical injection of ferrous chloride. Motor deficits were evaluated for 20 days post-injury. On the 3rd and 20th days, the rats were euthanized to measure oxidative stress indicators (reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)) and catecholamines (NA, dopamine (DA)), plus DBH mRNA and protein levels. Our results showed that iron-induced brain cortex injury increased noradrenergic synthesis and DBH activity in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum at 3 days post-injury, predominantly on the ipsilateral side to the injury, in response to oxidative stress. A compensatory increase in contralateral noradrenergic activity was observed, but without changes in the DBH mRNA and protein levels in the cerebellum and pons. In conclusion, iron-induced cortical injury increased the noradrenergic response in the brain cortex, pons and cerebellum, particularly on the ipsilateral side, accompanied by a compensatory response on the contralateral side. The oxidative stress was countered by antioxidant activity, which favored functional recovery following motor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verduzco-Mendoza
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Mota-Rojas
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana CBS, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Olmos-Hernández
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Avila-Luna
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karla García-García
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Gálvez-Rosas
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Camilo Ríos
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana CBS, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carmen Parra-Cid
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Montes
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, calle 16 y lago de Chapala, Aztlán, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Julieta García-López
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura E Ramos-Languren
- Facultad de Psicología, División de Estudios Profesionales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3040, Col, Copilco Universidad Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, SSa, Insurgentes Sur 3877, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rigoberto González-Piña
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq. Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Clínica de Rehabilitación del Daño Cerebral CLIREDACE "Dr. Hugo Iván González Gutiérrez", Monterrey 243, Col. Roma Sur, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bueno-Nava
- Dirección de Investigación, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calzada México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Química de la Discapacidad, Coordinación de Neurociencias Básica, Arenal de Guadalupe, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, SSa, Calz. México-Xochimilco 289, Ciudad de México, 14389, Mexico.
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Kudrinskaya VM, Ivlev AP, Obukhova DA, Maystrenko VA, Tiutiunnik TV, Traktirov DS, Karpenko MN, Ivleva IS. Spatial memory impairment is associated with decreased dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in the brains of rats exposed to manganese chloride. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39021086 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2379012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to manganese compounds leads to accumulation of the manganese in the basal ganglia and hippocampus. High levels of manganese in these structures lead to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, imbalance of brain neurotransmitters, and hyperactivation of calpains mediating neurotoxicity and causing motor and cognitive impairment. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of excess manganese chloride intake on rats' spatial memory and on dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) activity under conditions of calpain activity suppression. Rats were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each. Group 1 received MnCl2 (30 days, 5 mg/kg/day, intranasally), group 2 received MnCl2 (30 days, 5 mg/kg/day, intranasally) and calpain inhibitor Cast (184-210) (30 days, 5 µg/kg/day, intranasally), and group 3 received sterile saline (30 days in a volume of 20 μl, intranasally). The spatial working memory was assessed using Morris water maze test. DβH activity was determined by HPLC. We have shown that in response to excessive intake of MnCl2, there was a development of cognitive impairments in rats, which was accompanied by a decrease in DβH activity in the hippocampus. The severity of cognitive impairment was reduced by inhibiting the activity of m-calpain. The protective effect of calpain inhibitors was achieved not through an effect on DβH activity. Thus, the development of therapeutic regimens for the treatment of manganism using dopaminomimetics and/or by inhibiting calpains, must be performed taking into account the manganese-induced decrease of DβH activity and the inability to influence this process with calpain inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey Pavlovich Ivlev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irina Sergeevna Ivleva
- Department of Physiology (Pavlov's), Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Verkhratsky A, Zorec R. Neuroglia in cognitive reserve. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02644-z. [PMID: 38956370 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The concept of cognitive reserve was born to account for the disjunction between the objective extent of brain damage in pathology and its clinical and intellectual outcome. The cognitive reserve comprises structural (brain reserve) and functional (brain maintenance, resilience, compensation) aspects of the nervous tissue reflecting exposome-driven life-long plasticity, which defines the ability of the brain to withstand aging and pathology. The mechanistic background of this concept was primarily focused on adaptive changes in neurones and neuronal networks. We present arguments favoring the more inclusive view, positing that neuroglia are fundamental for defining the cognitive reserve through homeostatic, neuroprotective, and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Neuroglia are critical for the life-long shaping of synaptically connected neuronal circuits as well as the brain connectome thus defining cognitive reserve. Neuroglial homeostatic and protective physiological responses define brain maintenance and resilience, while neuroglia regenerative capabilities are critical for brain compensation in pathology. Targeting neuroglia may represent an untrodden path for prolonging cognitive longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Molecular Cell Physiology, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica, BIOMEDICAL, Technology Park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Zorec
- University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology and Molecular Cell Physiology, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Celica, BIOMEDICAL, Technology Park 24, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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5
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Lodeweyckx T, de Hoon J, Van Laere K, Bautista E, Rizzo G, Bishop C, Rabiner E, Martin RS, Ford A, Vargas G. Effects on cerebral blood flow after single doses of the β 2 agonist, clenbuterol, in healthy volunteers and patients with mild cognitive impairment or Parkinson's disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38953404 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cerebral hypometabolism occurs years prior to a diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and coincides with reduced cerebral perfusion and declining noradrenergic transmission from the locus coeruleus. In pre-clinical models, β-adrenoceptor (β-AR) agonists increase cerebrocortical glucose metabolism, and may have therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the safety and effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the oral, brain-penetrant β2-AR agonist, clenbuterol, in healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS This study evaluated the safety and effects on cerebral activity of the oral, brain-penetrant, β2-AR agonist clenbuterol (20-160 μg) in healthy volunteers and patients with MCI or PD. Regional CBF, which is tightly coupled to glucose metabolism, was measured by arterial spin labelling MRI in 32 subjects (25 HV and 8 MCI or PD) across five cohorts. In some cohorts, low doses of nadolol (1-5 mg), a β-AR antagonist with minimal brain penetration, were administered with clenbuterol to control peripheral β2-AR responses. RESULTS Significant, dose-dependent increases in rCBF were seen in multiple brain regions, including hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus, following the administration of clenbuterol to HVs (mean changes from baseline in hippocampal rCBF of -1.7%, 7.3%, 22.9%, 28.4% 3 h after 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg clenbuterol, respectively). In patients with MCI or PD, increases in rCBF following 80 μg clenbuterol were observed both without and with 5 mg nadolol (in hippocampus, 18.6%/13.7% without/with nadolol). Clenbuterol was safe and well-tolerated in all subjects; known side effects of β2-agonists, including increased heart rate and tremor, were mild in intensity and were blocked by low-dose nadolol. CONCLUSIONS The effects of clenbuterol on rCBF were evident both in the absence and presence of low-dose nadolol, suggesting central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Concomitant inhibition of the peripheral effects of clenbuterol by nadolol confirms that meaningful β2-AR antagonism in the periphery was achieved without interrupting the central effects of clenbuterol on rCBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lodeweyckx
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan de Hoon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Leuven and Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Eugenii Rabiner
- Invicro, London, UK
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony Ford
- CuraSen Therapeutics, San Carlos, California, USA
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6
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Taherian N, Vaezi G, Neamati A, Hojjati V, Ghorbani-Taherdehi F, Sahebkar A, Gorji-Valokola M. The dose-dependent neuroprotective effect of norepinephrine in improving memory retrieval in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110907. [PMID: 38395110 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that causes cognitive impairments by damaging the hippocampal tissue. Conversely, norepinephrine (NEP) has anti-inflammatory and re-myelinating properties, which improve cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of NEP on learning and memory disorders in an experimental animal model of MS. Two guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted in the rat hippocampal CA1 regions. After recovery, the animals received 3 μl of 0.01% ethidium bromide (EtB) in each of both hippocampal regions. After three days, the rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats/group), including control, sham 1, sham 2, and three groups of NEP 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg by intrahippocampal injection. Behavioral tests (e.g. shuttle box test and open-field test) were then performed. Finally, ROS, MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β concentrations in the left CA1 area, as well as using western-blot analysis, p-p38, p-JNK, p-AKT, p-ERK1/2, p-NMDA, p-AMPA, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins in the right CA1 region evaluated. The EtB injection increased ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, as well as p-JNK and p-P38, except all other proteins, while decreasing GSH content, as well as step-through latency and locomotor activity in sham groups compared to the control group. Conversely, NEP (0.5 and 1 mg/kg, particularly at the dose of 1 mg/kg) counterbalanced all the alterations mentioned above in comparison to the sham groups. The EtB induced learning and memory impairment; however, NEP dose-dependently restored these impairments to normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Taherian
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Gholamhassan Vaezi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Ali Neamati
- Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Hojjati
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghorbani-Taherdehi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji-Valokola
- Department of Food and Drug Administration, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Brain and Spinal Injury Repair Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang M, Wang Y, Jiang J, Jiang Y, Song D. The Role of Catecholamines in the Pathogenesis of Diseases and the Modified Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Catecholamines: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38462811 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2324460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs), which include adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine, are neurotransmitters and hormones that critically regulate the cardiovascular system, metabolism, and stress response in the human body. The abnormal levels of these molecules can lead to the development of various diseases, including pheochromocytoma and paragangliomas, Alzheimer's disease, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Due to their low cost, high sensitivity, flexible detection strategies, ease of integration, and miniaturization, electrochemical techniques have been extensively employed in the detection of CAs, surpassing traditional analytical methods. Electrochemical detection of CAs in real samples is challenging due to the tendency of poisoning electrode. Chemically modified electrodes have been widely used to solve the problems of poor sensitivity and selectivity faced by bare electrodes. There are a few articles that provide an overview of electrochemical detection and efficient enrichment of CAs, but there is a dearth of updates on the role of CAs in the pathogenesis of diseases. Additionally, there is still a lack of systematic synthesis with a focus on modified electrodes for electrochemical detection. Thus, this review provides a summary of the recent clinical pathogenesis of CAs and the modified electrodes for electrochemical detection of CAs published between 2017 and 2022. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted. This work is expected to provide useful guidance to researchers entering this interdisciplinary field, promoting further development of CAs pathogenesis, and developing more novel chemically modified electrodes for the detection of CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Elite Engineer School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Daqian Song
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Rocha I, González-García M, Carrillo-Franco L, Dawid-Milner MS, López-González MV. Influence of Brainstem's Area A5 on Sympathetic Outflow and Cardiorespiratory Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:161. [PMID: 38534431 DOI: 10.3390/biology13030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Area A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiological processes that are crucial for adaptation and survival mechanisms. Understanding the role of area A5, therefore, not only provides insights into the basic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system but also sheds light on the neuronal basis of a number of autonomic responses. In this review, we look deeper into the specifics of area A5, exploring its anatomical connections, its neurochemical properties and the mechanisms by which it influences sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiorespiratory regulation and, thus, contributes to the overall dynamics of the autonomic function in regulating body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rocha
- Lisbon School of Medicine and CCUL@Rise, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta González-García
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Carrillo-Franco
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Victor López-González
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Unit of Neurophysiology of the Autonomic Nervous System (CIMES), University of Malaga, 29590 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), 29590 Malaga, Spain
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9
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Lee SH, Purgatorio R, Samarelli F, Catto M, Denora N, Morgese MG, Tucci P, Trabace L, Kim HW, Park HS, Kim SE, Lee BC, de Candia M, Altomare CD. Radiosynthesis and whole-body distribution in mice of a 18 F-labeled azepino[4,3-b]indole-1-one derivative with multimodal activity for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300491. [PMID: 38158335 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the azepino[4,3-b]indole-1-one derivative 1 showed in vitro nanomolar inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), the ChE isoform that plays a role in the progression and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and protects against N-methyl- d-aspartate-induced neuronal toxicity. Three 9-R-substituted (R = F, Br, OMe) congeners were investigated. The 9-F derivative (2a) was found more potent as BChE inhibitors (half-maximal inhibitory concentration value = 21 nM) than 2b (9-Br) and 2c (9-OMe), achieving a residence time (38 s), assessed by surface plasmon resonance, threefold higher than that of 1. To progress in featuring the in vivo pharmacological characterization of 2a, herein the 18 F-labeled congener 2a was synthesized, by applying the aromatic 18 F-fluorination method, and its whole-body distribution in healthy mice, including brain penetration, was evaluated through positron emission tomography imaging. [18 F]2a exhibited a rapid and high brain uptake (3.35 ± 0.26% ID g-1 at 0.95 ± 0.15 min after injection), followed by a rapid clearance (t1/2 = 6.50 ± 0.93 min), showing good blood-brain barrier crossing. After a transient liver accumulation of [18 F]2a, the intestinal and urinary excretion was quantified. Finally, ex vivo pharmacological experiments in mice showed that the unlabeled 2a affects the transmitters' neurochemistry, which might be favorable to reverse cognition impairment in mild-to-moderate AD-related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosa Purgatorio
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Samarelli
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Catto
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Modesto de Candia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo D Altomare
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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10
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Alizadehmoghaddam S, Pourabdolhossein F, Najafzadehvarzi H, Sarbishegi M, Saleki K, Nouri HR. Crocin attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation via expression of AIM2 and NLRP1 inflammasome in an experimental model of Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25523. [PMID: 38356604 PMCID: PMC10864986 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of inflammasome activation and the following dopaminergic neuron loss caused by chronic neuroinflammation remain entirely unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of crocin on the inflammasome complex within an experimental model of Parkinson's disease (PD) using male Wistar rats. PD was induced by the stereotaxic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and crocin was intraperitoneally administrated one week before the lesion, and then treatment continued for 21 days. Open field (OF) and elevated plus maze tests were applied for behavioral assays. Furthermore, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunostaining were performed on whole brain tissue, while dissected substantia nigra (SN) was used for immunoblotting and real-time PCR to evaluate compartments involved in PD. The time spent in the center of test was diminished in the LPS group, while treatment with 30 mg/kg of crocin significantly increased it. H&E staining showed a significant increase in cell infiltration at the site of LPS injection, which was ameliorated upon crocin treatment. Notably, crocin-treated animals showed a reduced number of caspase-1 and IL-1β positive cells, whereas the number of positive cells was increased in the LPS group (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was also found in the LPS group, while crocin treatment significantly elevated its expression. IL-1β, IL-18, NLRP1, and AIM2 genes expression significantly increased in the LPS group. On the other hand, treatment with 30 mg/kg of crocin significantly downregulated the expression levels of these genes along with NLRP1 (P < 0.05). In summary, our findings suggest that crocin reduces neuroinflammation in PD by diminishing IL-1β and caspase-1 levels, potentially by inhibiting the expression of AIM2 and NLRP1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Alizadehmoghaddam
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Pourabdolhossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafzadehvarzi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Sarbishegi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center and Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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11
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Berger A, Beckers E, Joris V, Duchêne G, Danthine V, Delinte N, Cakiroglu I, Sherif S, Morrison EIG, Sánchez AT, Macq B, Dricot L, Vandewalle G, El Tahry R. Locus coeruleus features are linked to vagus nerve stimulation response in drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1296161. [PMID: 38469571 PMCID: PMC10926962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1296161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is thought to be involved in the clinical effects of vagus nerve stimulation. This system is known to prevent seizure development and induce long-term plastic changes, particularly with the release of norepinephrine in the hippocampus. However, the requisites to become responder to the therapy and the mechanisms of action are still under investigation. Using MRI, we assessed the structural and functional characteristics of the locus coeruleus and microstructural properties of locus coeruleus-hippocampus white matter tracts in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy responding or not to the therapy. Twenty-three drug-resistant epileptic patients with cervical vagus nerve stimulation were recruited for this pilot study, including 13 responders or partial responders and 10 non-responders. A dedicated structural MRI acquisition allowed in vivo localization of the locus coeruleus and computation of its contrast (an accepted marker of LC integrity). Locus coeruleus activity was estimated using functional MRI during an auditory oddball task. Finally, multi-shell diffusion MRI was used to estimate the structural properties of locus coeruleus-hippocampus tracts. These characteristics were compared between responders/partial responders and non-responders and their association with therapy duration was also explored. In patients with a better response to the therapy, trends toward a lower activity and a higher contrast were found in the left medial and right caudal portions of the locus coeruleus, respectively. An increased locus coeruleus contrast, bilaterally over its medial portions, correlated with duration of the treatment. Finally, a higher integrity of locus coeruleus-hippocampus connections was found in patients with a better response to the treatment. These new insights into the neurobiology of vagus nerve stimulation may provide novel markers of the response to the treatment and may reflect neuroplasticity effects occurring in the brain following the implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Berger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elise Beckers
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Joris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Duchêne
- GE Center MR Applications, General Electric Healthcare, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Venethia Danthine
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Delinte
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Inci Cakiroglu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Andres Torres Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Innoviris, Brussels Institute for Research and Innovation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Macq
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riëm El Tahry
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Center for Refractory Epilepsy, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Lin CP, Frigerio I, Bol JGJM, Bouwman MMA, Wesseling AJ, Dahl MJ, Rozemuller AJM, van der Werf YD, Pouwels PJW, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Microstructural integrity of the locus coeruleus and its tracts reflect noradrenergic degeneration in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:9. [PMID: 38336865 PMCID: PMC10854137 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system contributes to clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to evaluate the integrity of the LC noradrenergic system. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the diffusion MRI-measured integrity of the LC and its tracts are sensitive to noradrenergic degeneration in AD and PD. METHODS Post-mortem in situ T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion MRI was performed for 9 AD, 14 PD, and 8 control brain donors. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were derived from the LC, and from tracts between the LC and the anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the primary motor cortex (M1) or the hippocampus. Brain tissue sections of the LC and cortical regions were obtained and immunostained for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) to quantify noradrenergic cell density and fiber load. Group comparisons and correlations between outcome measures were performed using linear regression and partial correlations. RESULTS The AD and PD cases showed loss of LC noradrenergic cells and fibers. In the cortex, the AD cases showed increased DBH + immunoreactivity in the DLPFC compared to PD cases and controls, while PD cases showed reduced DBH + immunoreactivity in the M1 compared to controls. Higher FA within the LC was found for AD, which was correlated with loss of noradrenergic cells and fibers in the LC. Increased FA of the LC-DLPFC tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic fiber loss in the combined AD and control group, whereas the increased FA of the LC-M1 tract was correlated with LC noradrenergic neuronal loss in the combined PD and control group. The tract alterations were not correlated with cortical DBH + immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS In AD and PD, the diffusion MRI-detected alterations within the LC and its tracts to the DLPFC and the M1 were associated with local noradrenergic neuronal loss within the LC, rather than noradrenergic changes in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pei Lin
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maud M A Bouwman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex J Wesseling
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Compulsivity, Impulsivity and Attention Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Beardmore R, Durkin M, Zayee-Mellick F, Lau LC, Nicoll JAR, Holmes C, Boche D. Changes in the locus coeruleus during the course of Alzheimer's disease and their relationship to cortical pathology. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12965. [PMID: 38374720 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the locus coeruleus (LC) undergoes early and extensive neuronal loss, preceded by abnormal intracellular tau aggregation, decades before the onset of clinical disease. Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI has been proposed as a method to image these changes during life. Surprisingly, human post-mortem studies have not examined how changes in LC during the course of the disease relate to cerebral pathology following the loss of the LC projection to the cortex. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine markers for 4G8 (pan-Aβ) and AT8 (ptau), LC integrity (neuromelanin, dopamine β-hydroxylase [DβH], tyrosine hydroxylase [TH]) and microglia (Iba1, CD68, HLA-DR) in the LC and related temporal lobe pathology of 59 post-mortem brains grouped by disease severity determined by Braak stage (0-II, III-IV and V-VI). The inflammatory environment was assessed using multiplex assays. RESULTS Changes in the LC with increasing Braak stage included increased neuronal loss (p < 0.001) and microglial Iba1 (p = 0.005) together with a reduction in neuromelanin (p < 0.001), DβH (p = 0.002) and TH (p = 0.041). Interestingly in LC, increased ptau and loss of neuromelanin were detected from Braak stage III-IV (p = 0.001). At Braak stage V/VI, the inflammatory environment was different in the LC vs TL, highlighting the anatomical heterogeneity of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report the first quantification of neuromelanin during the course of AD and its relationship to AD pathology and neuroinflammation in the TL. Our findings of neuromelanin loss early in AD and before the neuroinflammatory reaction support the use of neuromelanin-MRI as a sensitive technique to identify early changes in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beardmore
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Matthew Durkin
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Faizan Zayee-Mellick
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laurie C Lau
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Clive Holmes
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Memory Assessment and Research Centre, Moorgreen Hospital, Southern Health Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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14
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Matt RA, Martin RS, Evans AK, Gever JR, Vargas GA, Shamloo M, Ford AP. Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Pharmacology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:555-616. [PMID: 37495851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) throughout the brain are stimulated by noradrenaline originating mostly from neurons of the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus that is ostensibly the earliest to show detectable pathology in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The α1-AR, α2-AR, and β-AR subtypes expressed in target brain regions and on a range of cell populations define the physiological responses to noradrenaline, which includes activation of cognitive function in addition to modulation of neurometabolism, cerebral blood flow, and neuroinflammation. As these heterocellular functions are critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and neuronal health, combating the loss of noradrenergic tone from locus coeruleus degeneration may therefore be an effective treatment for both cognitive symptoms and disease modification in neurodegenerative indications. Two pharmacologic approaches are receiving attention in recent clinical studies: preserving noradrenaline levels (e.g., via reuptake inhibition) and direct activation of target adrenoceptors. Here, we review the expression and role of adrenoceptors in the brain, the preclinical studies which demonstrate that adrenergic stimulation can support cognitive function and cerebral health by reversing the effects of noradrenaline depletion, and the human data provided by pharmacoepidemiologic analyses and clinical trials which together identify adrenoceptors as promising targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew K Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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15
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Tao Y, Li X, Dong Q, Kong L, Petersen AJ, Yan Y, Xu K, Zima S, Li Y, Schmidt DK, Ayala M, Mathivanan S, Sousa AMM, Chang Q, Zhang SC. Generation of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol 2023:10.1038/s41587-023-01977-4. [PMID: 37974010 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Central norepinephrine (NE) neurons, located mainly in the locus coeruleus (LC), are implicated in diverse psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and are an emerging target for drug discovery. To facilitate their study, we developed a method to generate 40-60% human LC-NE neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. The approach depends on our identification of ACTIVIN A in regulating LC-NE transcription factors in dorsal rhombomere 1 (r1) progenitors. In vitro generated human LC-NE neurons display extensive axonal arborization; release and uptake NE; and exhibit pacemaker activity, calcium oscillation and chemoreceptor activity in response to CO2. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) analysis at multiple timepoints confirmed NE cell identity and revealed the differentiation trajectory from hindbrain progenitors to NE neurons via an ASCL1-expressing precursor stage. LC-NE neurons engineered with an NE sensor reliably reported extracellular levels of NE. The availability of functional human LC-NE neurons enables investigation of their roles in psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and provides a tool for therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Tao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xueyan Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiping Dong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linghai Kong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Yuanwei Yan
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth Zima
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yanru Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Melvin Ayala
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Andre M M Sousa
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiang Chang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Dahl MJ, Bachman SL, Dutt S, Düzel S, Bodammer NC, Lindenberger U, Kühn S, Werkle-Bergner M, Mather M. The integrity of dopaminergic and noradrenergic brain regions is associated with different aspects of late-life memory performance. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1128-1143. [PMID: 37653256 PMCID: PMC10501910 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Changes in dopaminergic neuromodulation play a key role in adult memory decline. Recent research has also implicated noradrenaline in shaping late-life memory. However, it is unclear whether these two neuromodulators have distinct roles in age-related cognitive changes. Here, combining longitudinal MRI of the dopaminergic substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA) and noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) in younger (n = 69) and older (n = 251) adults, we found that dopaminergic and noradrenergic integrity are differentially associated with memory performance. While LC integrity was related to better episodic memory across several tasks, SN-VTA integrity was linked to working memory. Longitudinally, we found that older age was associated with more negative change in SN-VTA and LC integrity. Notably, changes in LC integrity reliably predicted future episodic memory. These differential associations of dopaminergic and noradrenergic nuclei with late-life cognitive decline have potential clinical utility, given their degeneration in several age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Shelby L Bachman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shubir Dutt
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils C Bodammer
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mara Mather
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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17
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Lin CP, Knoop LEJ, Frigerio I, Bol JGJM, Rozemuller AJM, Berendse HW, Pouwels PJW, van de Berg WDJ, Jonkman LE. Nigral Pathology Contributes to Microstructural Integrity of Striatal and Frontal Tracts in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1655-1667. [PMID: 37347552 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with dopaminergic dysfunction that stems from substantia nigra (SN) degeneration and concomitant α-synuclein accumulation. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect microstructural alterations of the SN and its tracts to (sub)cortical regions, but their pathological sensitivity is still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To unravel the pathological substrate(s) underlying microstructural alterations of SN, and its tracts to the dorsal striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in PD. METHODS Combining post-mortem in situ MRI and histopathology, T1-weighted and diffusion MRI, and neuropathological samples of nine PD, six PD with dementia (PDD), five dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and 10 control donors were collected. From diffusion MRI, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were derived from the SN, and tracts between the SN and caudate nucleus, putamen, and DLPFC. Phosphorylated-Ser129-α-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry was included to quantify nigral Lewy pathology and dopaminergic degeneration, respectively. RESULTS Compared to controls, PD and PDD/DLB showed increased MD of the SN and SN-DLPFC tract, as well as increased FA of the SN-caudate nucleus tract. Both PD and PDD/DLB showed nigral Lewy pathology and dopaminergic loss compared to controls. Increased MD of the SN and FA of SN-caudate nucleus tract were associated with SN dopaminergic loss. Whereas increased MD of the SN-DLPFC tract was associated with increased SN Lewy neurite load. CONCLUSIONS In PD and PDD/DLB, diffusion MRI captures microstructural alterations of the SN and tracts to the dorsal striatum and DLPFC, which differentially associates with SN dopaminergic degeneration and Lewy neurite pathology. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Pei Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lydian E J Knoop
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Frigerio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John G J M Bol
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke J M Rozemuller
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W Berendse
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura E Jonkman
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy and Biobanking, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Gargano A, Olabiyi BF, Palmisano M, Zimmer A, Bilkei-Gorzo A. Possible role of locus coeruleus neuronal loss in age-related memory and attention deficits. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1264253. [PMID: 37694113 PMCID: PMC10492095 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1264253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory and attention. It is generally accepted that age-related histological changes such as increased neuroinflammatory glial activity and a reduction in the number of specific neuronal populations contribute to cognitive aging. Noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) undergo an approximately 20 % loss during ageing both in humans and mice, but whether this change contributes to cognitive deficits is not known. To address this issue, we asked whether a similar loss of LC neurons in young animals as observed in aged animals impairs memory and attention, cognitive domains that are both influenced by the noradrenergic system and impaired in aging. Methods For that, we treated young healthy mice with DSP-4, a toxin that specifically kills LC noradrenergic neurons. We compared the performance of DSP-4 treated young mice with the performance of aged mice in models of attention and memory. To do this, we first determined the dose of DSP-4, which causes a similar 20 % neuronal loss as is typical in aged animals. Results Young mice treated with DSP-4 showed impaired attention in the presence of distractor and memory deficits in the 5-choice serial reaction time test (5-CSRTT). Old, untreated mice showed severe deficits in both the 5-CSRTT and in fear extinction tests. Discussion Our data now suggest that a reduction in the number of LC neurons contributes to impaired working memory and greater distractibility in attentional tasks but not to deficits in fear extinction. We hypothesize that the moderate loss of LC noradrenergic neurons during aging contributes to attention deficits and working memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Evancho A, Tyler WJ, McGregor K. A review of combined neuromodulation and physical therapy interventions for enhanced neurorehabilitation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1151218. [PMID: 37545593 PMCID: PMC10400781 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehabilitation approaches for individuals with neurologic conditions have increasingly shifted toward promoting neuroplasticity for enhanced recovery and restoration of function. This review focuses on exercise strategies and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques that target neuroplasticity, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). We have chosen to focus on non-invasive neuromodulation techniques due to their greater potential for integration into routine clinical practice. We explore and discuss the application of these interventional strategies in four neurological conditions that are frequently encountered in rehabilitation settings: Parkinson's Disease (PD), Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), stroke, and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of combining non-invasive neuromodulation with rehabilitation, which has shown promise in accelerating recovery. Our review identifies studies that demonstrate enhanced recovery through combined exercise and non-invasive neuromodulation in the selected patient populations. We primarily focus on the motor aspects of rehabilitation, but also briefly address non-motor impacts of these conditions. Additionally, we identify the gaps in current literature and barriers to implementation of combined approaches into clinical practice. We highlight areas needing further research and suggest avenues for future investigation, aiming to enhance the personalization of the unique neuroplastic responses associated with each condition. This review serves as a resource for rehabilitation professionals and researchers seeking a comprehensive understanding of neuroplastic exercise interventions and non-invasive neuromodulation techniques tailored for specific diseases and diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Evancho
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - William J. Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Keith McGregor
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Studies, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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20
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Pisani F, Pisani V, Arcangeli F, Harding A, Singhrao SK. Treponema denticola Has the Potential to Cause Neurodegeneration in the Midbrain via the Periodontal Route of Infection-Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6049. [PMID: 37297653 PMCID: PMC10252855 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the most common example of dementia. The neuropathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. It is recognized that AD starts in the frontal cerebral cortex, and then it progresses to the entorhinal cortex, the hippocampus, and the rest of the brain. However, some studies on animals suggest that AD could also progress in the reverse order starting from the midbrain and then spreading to the frontal cortex. Spirochetes are neurotrophic: From a peripheral route of infection, they can reach the brain via the midbrain. Their direct and indirect effect via the interaction of their virulence factors and the microglia potentially leads to the host peripheral nerve, the midbrain (especially the locus coeruleus), and cortical damage. On this basis, this review aims to discuss the hypothesis of the ability of Treponema denticola to damage the peripheral axons in the periodontal ligament, to evade the complemental pathway and microglial immune response, to determine the cytoskeletal impairment and therefore causing the axonal transport disruption, an altered mitochondrial migration and the consequent neuronal apoptosis. Further insights about the central neurodegeneration mechanism and Treponema denticola's resistance to the immune response when aggregated in biofilm and its quorum sensing are suggested as a pathogenetic model for the advanced stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pisani
- Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Valerio Pisani
- IRCCS, “Santa Lucia” Foundation, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcangeli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASLRM1, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Geriatric Department, Advanced Centre for Dementia and Cognitive Disorders, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Harding
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Simarjit Kaur Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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21
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Laurencin C, Lancelot S, Merida I, Costes N, Redouté J, Le Bars D, Boulinguez P, Ballanger B. Distribution of α 2-Adrenergic Receptors in the Living Human Brain Using [ 11C]yohimbine PET. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050843. [PMID: 37238713 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurofunctional basis of the noradrenergic (NA) system and its associated disorders is still very incomplete because in vivo imaging tools in humans have been missing up to now. Here, for the first time, we use [11C]yohimbine in a large sample of subjects (46 healthy volunteers, 23 females, 23 males; aged 20-50) to perform direct quantification of regional alpha 2 adrenergic receptors' (α2-ARs) availability in the living human brain. The global map shows the highest [11C]yohimbine binding in the hippocampus, the occipital lobe, the cingulate gyrus, and the frontal lobe. Moderate binding was found in the parietal lobe, thalamus, parahippocampus, insula, and temporal lobe. Low levels of binding were found in the basal ganglia, the amygdala, the cerebellum, and the raphe nucleus. Parcellation of the brain into anatomical subregions revealed important variations in [11C]yohimbine binding within most structures. Strong heterogeneity was found in the occipital lobe, the frontal lobe, and the basal ganglia, with substantial gender effects. Mapping the distribution of α2-ARs in the living human brain may prove useful not only for understanding the role of the NA system in many brain functions, but also for understanding neurodegenerative diseases in which altered NA transmission with specific loss of α2-ARs is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Laurencin
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Centre Expert Parkinson, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 69500 Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Inès Merida
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 69500 Bron, France
| | | | | | - Didier Le Bars
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, 69500 Bron, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Philippe Boulinguez
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Bénédicte Ballanger
- Université de Lyon, 69622 Lyon, France
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- INSERM U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), 69000 Lyon, France
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22
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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23
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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24
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Zorec R, Vardjan N. Adrenergic regulation of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid metabolism: Towards a noradrenergic hypothesis of neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 182:106132. [PMID: 37094775 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a key factor in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, an increasing and challenging problem of the modern world. The most commonly diagnosed cognitive decline is related to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the pathophysiology of which is poorly understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. The cholinergic hypothesis is the oldest, however, recently the noradrenergic system has been considered to have a role as well. The aim of this review is to provide evidence that supports the view that an impaired noradrenergic system is causally linked to AD. Although dementia is associated with neurodegeneration and loss of neurons, this likely develops due to a primary failure of homeostatic cells, astrocytes, abundant and heterogeneous neuroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The many functions that astrocytes provide to maintain the viability of neural networks include the control of ionic balance, neurotransmitter turnover, synaptic connectivity and energy balance. This latter function is regulated by noradrenaline, released from the axon varicosities of neurons arising from the locus coeruleus (LC), the primary site of noradrenaline release in the CNS. The demise of the LC is linked to AD, whereby a hypometabolic CNS state is observed clinically. This is likely due to impaired release of noradrenaline in the AD brain during states of arousal, attention and awareness. These functions controlled by the LC are needed for learning and memory formation and require activation of the energy metabolism. In this review, we address first the process of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, highlighting the function of astrocytes. Cholinergic and/or noradrenergic deficits lead to impaired astroglial function. Then, we focus on adrenergic control of astroglial aerobic glycolysis and lipid droplet metabolism, which play a protective role but also promote neurodegeneration under some circumstances, supporting the noradrenergic hypothesis of cognitive decline. We conclude that targeting astroglial metabolism, glycolysis and/or mitochondrial processes may lead to important new developments in the future when searching for medicines to prevent or even halt cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology - Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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25
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Lancini E, Haag L, Bartl F, Rühling M, Ashton NJ, Zetterberg H, Düzel E, Hämmerer D, Betts MJ. Cerebrospinal fluid and positron-emission tomography biomarkers for noradrenergic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad085. [PMID: 37151227 PMCID: PMC10154713 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic system shows pathological modifications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases and undergoes substantial neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. While a coherent picture of structural decline in post-mortem and in vivo MRI measures seems to emerge, whether this translates into a consistent decline in available noradrenaline levels is unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of noradrenergic differences in Alzheimer's disease dementia and Parkinson's disease using CSF and PET biomarkers. CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels as well as noradrenaline transporters availability, measured with PET, were summarized from 26 articles using a random-effects model meta-analysis. Compared to controls, individuals with Parkinson's disease showed significantly decreased levels of CSF noradrenaline and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, as well as noradrenaline transporters availability in the hypothalamus. In Alzheimer's disease dementia, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol but not noradrenaline levels were increased compared to controls. Both CSF and PET biomarkers of noradrenergic dysfunction reveal significant alterations in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease dementia. However, further studies are required to understand how these biomarkers are associated to the clinical symptoms and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lancini
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lena Haag
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Bartl
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maren Rühling
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health & Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Hämmerer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthew J Betts
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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26
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Hippocampal Noradrenaline Is a Positive Regulator of Spatial Working Memory and Neurogenesis in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065613. [PMID: 36982688 PMCID: PMC10052298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of noradrenaline (NA)-rich afferents from the Locus Coeruleus (LC) ascending to the hippocampal formation has been reported to dramatically affect distinct aspects of cognitive function, in addition to reducing the proliferation of neural progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Here, the hypothesis that reinstating hippocampal noradrenergic neurotransmission with transplanted LC-derived neuroblasts would concurrently normalize both cognitive performance and adult hippocampal neurogenesis was investigated. Post-natal day (PD) 4 rats underwent selective immunolesioning of hippocampal noradrenergic afferents followed, 4 days later, by the bilateral intrahippocampal implantation of LC noradrenergic-rich or control cerebellar (CBL) neuroblasts. Starting from 4 weeks and up to about 9 months post-surgery, sensory-motor and spatial navigation abilities were evaluated, followed by post-mortem semiquantitative tissue analyses. All animals in the Control, Lesion, Noradrenergic Transplant and Control CBL Transplant groups exhibited normal sensory-motor function and were equally efficient in the reference memory version of the water maze task. By contrast, working memory abilities were seen to be consistently impaired in the Lesion-only and Control CBL-Transplanted rats, which also exhibited a virtually complete noradrenergic fiber depletion and a significant 62–65% reduction in proliferating 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive progenitors in the dentate gyrus. Notably, the noradrenergic reinnervation promoted by the grafted LC, but not cerebellar neuroblasts, significantly ameliorated working memory performance and reinstated a fairly normal density of proliferating progenitors. Thus, LC-derived noradrenergic inputs may act as positive regulators of hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory possibly via the concurrent maintenance of normal progenitor proliferation in the dentate gyrus.
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Wang RPH, Huang J, Chan KWY, Leung WK, Goto T, Ho YS, Chang RCC. IL-1β and TNF-α play an important role in modulating the risk of periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:71. [PMID: 36915108 PMCID: PMC10012546 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic activation of the immune system can exert detrimental effects on the central nervous system. Periodontitis, a chronic disease of the oral cavity, is a common source of systemic inflammation. Neuroinflammation might be a result of this to accelerate progressive deterioration of neuronal functions during aging or exacerbate pre-existing neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. With advancing age, the progressive increase in the body's pro-inflammatory status favors the state of vulnerability to both periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we sought to delineate the roles of cytokines in the pathogenesis of both diseases. METHODS To examine the impacts of periodontitis on the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease, 6-month-old female 3 × Tg-AD mice and their age-matched non-transgenic mice were employed. Periodontitis was induced using two different experimental models: heat-killed bacterial-induced periodontitis and ligature-induced periodontitis. To delineate the roles of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were also injected into the buccal mandibular vestibule of mice. RESULTS Here, we show that IL-1β and TNF-α were two of the most important and earliest cytokines upregulated upon periodontal infection. The systemic upregulation of these two cytokines promoted a pro-inflammatory environment in the brain contributing to the development of Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive dysfunctions. Periodontitis-induced systemic inflammation also enhanced brain inflammatory responses and subsequently exacerbated Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive impairment in 3 × Tg-AD mice. The role of inflammation in connecting periodontitis to Alzheimer's disease was further affirmed in the conventional magnetization transfer experiment in which increased glial responses resulting from periodontitis led to decreased magnetization transfer ratios in the brain of 3 × Tg-AD mice. CONCLUSIONS Systemic inflammation resulting from periodontitis contributed to the development of Alzheimer's disease tau pathology and subsequently led to cognitive decline in non-transgenic mice. It also potentiated Alzheimer's disease pathological features and exacerbated impairment of cognitive function in 3 × Tg-AD mice. Taken together, this study provides convincing evidence that systemic inflammation serves as a connecting link between periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Pei-Hsuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, Rm. L4-49, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kannie Wai Yan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Keung Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tetsuya Goto
- Division of Oral Anatomy and Histology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuen-Shan Ho
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Laboratory Block, Rm. L4-49, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Pilipović I, Stojić-Vukanić Z, Leposavić G. Adrenoceptors as potential target for add-on immunomodulatory therapy in multiple sclerosis. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 243:108358. [PMID: 36804434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent findings related to the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its commonly used experimental model - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). They indicate that noradrenaline, the key end-point mediator of the SNS, acting through β-adrenoceptor, has a contributory role in the early stages of MS/EAE development. This stage is characterized by the SNS hyperactivity (increased release of noradrenaline) reflecting the net effect of different factors, such as the disease-associated inflammation, stress, vitamin D hypovitaminosis, Epstein-Barr virus infection and dysbiosis. Thus, the administration of propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocker, readily crossing the blood-brain barrier, to experimental rats before the autoimmune challenge and in the early (preclinical/prodromal) phase of the disease mitigates EAE severity. This phenomenon has been ascribed to the alleviation of neuroinflammation (due to attenuation of primarily microglial activation/proinflammatory functions) and the diminution of the magnitude of the primary CD4+ T-cell autoimmune response (the effect associated with impaired autoantigen uptake by antigen presenting cells and their migration into draining lymph nodes). The former is partly related to breaking of the catecholamine-dependent self-amplifying microglial feed-forward loop and the positive feedback loop between microglia and the SNS, leading to down-regulation of the SNS hyperactivity and its enhancing influence on microglial activation/proinflammatory functions and the magnitude of autoimmune response. The effects of propranolol are shown to be more prominent in male EAE animals, the phenomenon important as males (like men) are likely to develop clinically more severe disease. Thus, these findings could serve as a firm scientific background for formulation of a new sex-specific immune-intervention strategy for the early phases of MS (characterized by the SNS hyperactivity) exploiting anti-(neuro)inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of propranolol and other relatively cheap and safe adrenergic drugs with similar therapeutic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Pilipović
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathobiology, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Pisani F, Pisani V, Arcangeli F, Harding A, Singhrao SK. Locus Coeruleus Dysfunction and Trigeminal Mesencephalic Nucleus Degeneration: A Cue for Periodontal Infection Mediated Damage in Alzheimer's Disease? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1007. [PMID: 36673763 PMCID: PMC9858796 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading neurodegenerative disease with deteriorating cognition as its main clinical sign. In addition to the clinical history, it is characterized by the presence of two neuropathological hallmark lesions; amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), identified in the brain at post-mortem in specific anatomical areas. Recently, it was discovered that NFTs occur initially in the subcortical nuclei, such as the locus coeruleus in the pons, and are said to spread from there to the cerebral cortices and the hippocampus. This contrasts with the prior acceptance of their neuropathology in the enthorinal cortex and the hippocampus. The Braak staging system places the accumulation of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) binding to NFTs in the locus coeruleus and other subcortical nuclei to precede stages I-IV. The locus coeruleus plays diverse psychological and physiological roles within the human body including rapid eye movement sleep disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression, regulation of sleep-wake cycles, attention, memory, mood, and behavior, which correlates with AD clinical behavior. In addition, the locus coeruleus regulates cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal activities, which have only recently been associated with AD by modern day research enabling the wider understanding of AD development via comorbidities and microbial dysbiosis. The focus of this narrative review is to explore the modes of neurodegeneration taking place in the locus coeruleus during the natural aging process of the trigeminal nerve connections from the teeth and microbial dysbiosis, and to postulate a pathogenetic mechanism due to periodontal damage and/or infection focused on Treponema denticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pisani
- Programme Lead, MSc/MClinDent in Clinical Periodontology, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Valerio Pisani
- I.R.C.C.S. “Santa Lucia” Foundation, Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Via Ardeatina, 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Arcangeli
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale ASLRM1, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Geriatric Department-Advanced Centre for Dementia and Cognitive Disorders, Via Emilio Morosini, 30, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Harding
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Sim K. Singhrao
- Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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Oshaghi M, Kourosh-Arami M, Roozbehkia M. Role of neurotransmitters in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders: a crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:99-113. [PMID: 36169755 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a group of common heterogeneous disorders, characterized by an alteration of cellular homeostasis. Primarily, it has been shown that the release and diffusion of neurotransmitters from nervous tissue could result in signaling through lymphocyte cell-surface receptors and the modulation of immune function. This finding led to the idea that the neurotransmitters could serve as immunomodulators. It is now manifested that neurotransmitters can also be released from leukocytes and act as autocrine or paracrine modulators. Increasing data indicate that there is a crosstalk between inflammation and alterations in neurotransmission. The primary goal of this review is to demonstrate how these two pathways may converge at the level of the neuron and glia to involve in IMID. We review the role of neurotransmitters in IMID. The different effects that these compounds exert on a variety of immune cells are also reviewed. Current and future developments in understanding the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems will undoubtedly identify new ways for treating immune-mediated diseases utilizing agonists or antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Roozbehkia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Markussen NB, Knopper RW, Hasselholt S, Skoven CS, Nyengaard JR, Østergaard L, Hansen B. Locus coeruleus ablation in mice: protocol optimization, stereology and behavioral impact. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1138624. [PMID: 37180952 PMCID: PMC10172584 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1138624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Locus Coeruleus (LC) is in the brainstem and supplies key brain structures with noradrenaline, including the forebrain and hippocampus. The LC impacts specific behaviors such as anxiety, fear, and motivation, as well as physiological phenomena that impact brain functions in general, including sleep, blood flow regulation, and capillary permeability. Nevertheless, the short- and long-term consequences of LC dysfunction remain unclear. The LC is among the brain structures first affected in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's Disease, hinting that LC dysfunction may play a central role in disease development and progression. Animal models with modified or disrupted LC function are essential to further our understanding of LC function in the normal brain, the consequences of LC dysfunction, and its putative roles in disease development. For this, well-characterized animal models of LC dysfunction are needed. Here, we establish the optimal dose of selective neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-bromo-benzylamine (DSP-4) for LC ablation. Using histology and stereology, we compare LC volume and neuron number in LC ablated (LCA) mice and controls to assess the efficacy of LC ablation with different numbers of DSP-4 injections. All LCA groups show a consistent decrease in LC cell count and LC volume. We then proceed to characterize the behavior of LCA mice using a light-dark box test, Barnes maze test, and non-invasive sleep-wakefulness monitoring. Behaviorally, LCA mice differ subtly from control mice, with LCA mice generally being more curious and less anxious compared to controls consistent with known LC function and projections. We note an interesting contrast in that control mice have varying LC size and neuron count but consistent behavior whereas LCA mice (as expected) have consistently sized LC but erratic behavior. Our study provides a thorough characterization of an LC ablation model, firmly consolidating it as a valid model system for the study of LC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Bertin Markussen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus West Knopper
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stine Hasselholt
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Stald Skoven
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Østergaard
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Hansen
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Brian Hansen,
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de Leo G, Gulino R, Coradazzi M, Leanza G. Acetylcholine and noradrenaline differentially regulate hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory. Brain Commun 2022; 5:fcac338. [PMID: 36632183 PMCID: PMC9825812 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain nuclei and of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus are almost invariant histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of these transmitter systems in the spectrum of cognitive dysfunctions typical of the disease is still unclear, nor is it yet fully known whether do these systems interact and how. Selective ablation of either neuronal population, or both of them combined, were produced in developing animals to investigate their respective and/or concurrent contribution to spatial learning and memory, known to be severely affected in Alzheimer's disease. Single or double lesions were created in 4-8 days old rats by bilateral intraventricular infusion of two selective immunotoxins. At about 16 weeks of age, the animals underwent behavioural tests specifically designed to evaluate reference and working memory abilities, and their brains were later processed for quantitative morphological analyses. Animals with lesion to either system alone showed no significant reference memory deficits which, by contrast, were evident in the double-lesioned subjects. These animals could not adopt an efficient search strategy on a given testing day and were unable to transfer all relevant information to the next day, suggesting deficits in acquisition, storage and/or recall. Only animals with single noradrenergic or double lesions exhibited impaired working memory. Interestingly, ablation of cholinergic afferents to the hippocampus stimulated a robust ingrowth of thick fibres from the superior cervical ganglion which, however, did not appear to have contributed to the observed cognitive performance. Ascending cholinergic and noradrenergic afferents to the hippocampus and neocortex appear to be primarily involved in the regulation of different cognitive domains, but they may functionally interact, mainly at hippocampal level, for sustaining normal learning and memory. Moreover, these transmitter systems are likely to compensate for each other, but apparently not via ingrowing sympathetic fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marino Coradazzi
- Neurogenesis and Repair Lab., B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Fleming 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Leanza
- Correspondence to: Giampiero Leanza Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania Via S. Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy E-mail:
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Mercan D, Heneka MT. The Contribution of the Locus Coeruleus-Noradrenaline System Degeneration during the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121822. [PMID: 36552331 PMCID: PMC9775634 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta peptide and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, is the most common form of dementia. Memory loss, cognitive decline and disorientation are the ultimate consequences of neuronal death, synapse loss and neuroinflammation in AD. In general, there are many brain regions affected but neuronal loss in the locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the earliest indicators of neurodegeneration in AD. Since the LC is the main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain, degeneration of the LC in AD leads to decreased NA levels, causing increased neuroinflammation, enhanced amyloid and tau burden, decreased phagocytosis and impairment in cognition and long-term synaptic plasticity. In this review, we summarized current findings on the locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system and consequences of its dysfunction which is now recognized as an important contributor to AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Mercan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas Heneka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +352-46-66-44-6922 or +352-62-17-12-820
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Emery DC, Davies M, Cerajewska TL, Taylor J, Hazell M, Paterson A, Allen-Birt SJ, West NX. High resolution 16S rRNA gene Next Generation Sequencing study of brain areas associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1026260. [PMID: 36570533 PMCID: PMC9780557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1026260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by incremental deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) and α-synuclein in AD and PD brain, respectively, in relatively conserved patterns. Both are associated with neuroinflammation, with a proposed microbial component for disease initiation and/or progression. Notably, Aβ and α-synuclein have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. There is evidence for bacterial presence within the brain, including the oral pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis, with cognitive impairment and brain pathology being linked to periodontal (gum) disease and gut dysbiosis. Methods Here, we use high resolution 16S rRNA PCR-based Next Generation Sequencing (16SNGS) to characterize bacterial composition in brain areas associated with the early, intermediate and late-stage of the diseases. Results and discussion This study reveals the widespread presence of bacteria in areas of the brain associated with AD and PD pathology, with distinctly different bacterial profiles in blood and brain. Brain area profiles were overall somewhat similar, predominantly oral, with some bacteria subgingival and oronasal in origin, and relatively comparable profiles in AD and PD brain. However, brain areas associated with early disease development, such as the locus coeruleus, were substantially different in bacterial DNA content compared to areas affected later in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mae Hazell
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Paterson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Genomics Facility, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shelley J. Allen-Birt
- Translational Health Sciences, Learning and Research, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola X. West
- Bristol Dental School, Bristol, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Nicola X. West,
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Caligiore D, Giocondo F, Silvetti M. The Neurodegenerative Elderly Syndrome (NES) hypothesis: Alzheimer and Parkinson are two faces of the same disease. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:330-343. [PMID: 36247524 PMCID: PMC9554826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) share monoamine and alpha-synuclein (αSyn) dysfunctions, often beginning years before clinical manifestations onset. The triggers for these impairments and the causes leading these early neurodegenerative processes to become AD or PD remain unclear. We address these issues by proposing a radically new perspective to frame AD and PD: they are different manifestations of one only disease we call "Neurodegenerative Elderly Syndrome (NES)". NES goes through three phases. The seeding stage, which starts years before clinical signs, and where the part of the brain-body affected by the initial αSyn and monoamine dysfunctions, influences the future possible progression of NES towards PD or AD. The compensatory stage, where the clinical symptoms are still silent thanks to compensatory mechanisms keeping monoamine concentrations homeostasis. The bifurcation stage, where NES becomes AD or PD. We present recent literature supporting NES and discuss how this hypothesis could radically change the comprehension of AD and PD comorbidities and the design of novel system-level diagnostic and therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caligiore
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CTNLab-ISTC-CNR), Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, Rome 00185, Italy
- AI2Life s.r.l., Innovative Start-Up, ISTC-CNR Spin-Off, Via Sebino 32, Rome 00199, Italy
| | - Flora Giocondo
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (LENAI-ISTC-CNR), Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Massimo Silvetti
- Computational and Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CTNLab-ISTC-CNR), Via San Martino della Battaglia 44, Rome 00185, Italy
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Evans AK, Defensor E, Shamloo M. Selective Vulnerability of the Locus Coeruleus Noradrenergic System and its Role in Modulation of Neuroinflammation, Cognition, and Neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1030609. [PMID: 36532725 PMCID: PMC9748190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NE) neurons supply the main adrenergic input to the forebrain. NE is a dual modulator of cognition and neuroinflammation. NE neurons of the LC are particularly vulnerable to degeneration both with normal aging and in neurodegenerative disorders. Consequences of this vulnerability can be observed in both cognitive impairment and dysregulation of neuroinflammation. LC NE neurons are pacemaker neurons that are active during waking and arousal and are responsive to stressors in the environment. Chronic overactivation is thought to be a major contributor to the vulnerability of these neurons. Here we review what is known about the mechanisms underlying this neuronal vulnerability and combinations of environmental and genetic factors that contribute to confer risk to these important brainstem neuromodulatory and immunomodulatory neurons. Finally, we discuss proposed and potential interventions that may reduce the overall risk for LC NE neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K. Evans
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Chai GS, Wu JJ, Gong J, Zhou JL, Jiang ZQ, Yi HY, Gu Y, Huang HH, Yao ZY, Zhang YQ, Zhao P, Nie YJ. Activation of β2-adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Amyloid-β-induced Mitophagy Defects and Tau Pathology in Mice. Neuroscience 2022; 505:34-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Trebesova H, Olivero G, Marchi M, Grilli M. The Anti-Aggregative Peptide KLVFF Mimics Aβ1-40 in the Modulation of Nicotinic Receptors: Implications for Peptide-Based Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092231. [PMID: 36140331 PMCID: PMC9496455 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the inhibition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation has emerged as a potential strategy for Alzheimer’s disease. KLVFF, a small peptide corresponding to the aminoacidic sequence 16-20 of Aβ, reduces Aβ fibrillation dose dependently. Therefore, the toxic and functional characterization of its brain activity is fundamental for clarifying its potential therapeutic role. Accordingly, we studied the modulatory role of KLVFF on the cholinergic receptors regulating dopamine and noradrenaline release in rat synaptosomes. Nicotinic receptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals in the nucleus acccumbens are inhibited by KLVFF, which closely resembles full-length Aβ1-40. Moreover, KLVFF entrapped in synaptosomes does not modify the nicotinic receptor’s function, suggesting that external binding to the receptor is required for its activity. The cholinergic agent desformylflustrabromine counteracts the KLVFF effect. Remarkably, muscarinic receptors on dopaminergic terminals and nicotinic receptors regulating noradrenaline release in the hippocampus are completely insensitive to KLVFF. Based on our findings, KLVFF mimics Aβ1-40 as a negative modulator of specific nicotinic receptor subtypes affecting dopamine transmission in the rat brain. Therefore, new pharmacological strategies using the anti-aggregative properties of KLVFF need to be evaluated for potential interference with nicotinic receptor-mediated transmission.
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Sriram K, Lin GX, Jefferson AM, McKinney W, Jackson MC, Cumpston JL, Cumpston JB, Leonard HD, Kashon ML, Fedan JS. Biological effects of inhaled crude oil vapor V. Altered biogenic amine neurotransmitters and neural protein expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116137. [PMID: 35750205 PMCID: PMC9936428 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Workers in the oil and gas industry are at risk for exposure to a number of physical and chemical hazards at the workplace. Chemical hazard risks include inhalation of crude oil or its volatile components. While several studies have investigated the neurotoxic effects of volatile hydrocarbons, in general, there is a paucity of studies assessing the neurotoxicity of crude oil vapor (COV). Consequent to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill, there is growing concern about the short- and long-term health effects of exposure to COV. NIOSH surveys suggested that the DWH oil spill cleanup workers experienced neurological symptoms, including depression and mood disorders, but the health effects apart from oil dispersants were difficult to discern. To investigate the potential neurological risks of COV, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by whole-body inhalation to COV (300 ppm; Macondo surrogate crude oil) following an acute (6 h/d × 1 d) or sub-chronic (6 h/d × 4 d/wk. × 4 wks) exposure regimen. At 1, 28 or 90 d post-exposure, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) were evaluated as neurotransmitter imbalances are associated with psychosocial-, motor- and cognitive- disorders. Sub-chronic COV exposure caused significant reductions in NE, EPI and DA in the dopaminergic brain regions, striatum (STR) and midbrain (MB), and a large increase in 5-HT in the STR. Further, sub-chronic exposure to COV caused upregulation of synaptic and Parkinson's disease-related proteins in the STR and MB. Whether such effects will lead to neurodegenerative outcomes remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America.
| | - Gary X Lin
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Amy M Jefferson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Walter McKinney
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Mark C Jackson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jared L Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - James B Cumpston
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Howard D Leonard
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Michael L Kashon
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey S Fedan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States of America
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Slater C, Liu Y, Weiss E, Yu K, Wang Q. The Neuromodulatory Role of the Noradrenergic and Cholinergic Systems and Their Interplay in Cognitive Functions: A Focused Review. Brain Sci 2022; 12:890. [PMID: 35884697 PMCID: PMC9320657 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the contribution of each system to the diversity of neural computation in the central nervous system. Decades of work has shown that a diverse family of receptors, stratified across different brain regions, and circuit-specific afferent and efferent projections play a critical role in helping such widespread neuromodulatory systems obtain substantial heterogeneity in neural information processing. This review briefly discusses the anatomical layout of both the noradrenergic and cholinergic systems, as well as the types and distributions of relevant receptors for each system. Previous work characterizing the direct and indirect interaction between these two systems is discussed, especially in the context of higher order cognitive functions such as attention, learning, and the decision-making process. Though a substantial amount of work has been done to characterize the role of each neuromodulator, a cohesive understanding of the region-specific cooperation of these two systems is not yet fully realized. For the field to progress, new experiments will need to be conducted that capitalize on the modular subdivisions of the brain and systematically explore the role of norepinephrine and acetylcholine in each of these subunits and across the full range of receptors expressed in different cell types in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxiang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Evan Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kunpeng Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, ET 351, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; (C.S.); (Y.L.); (E.W.); (K.Y.)
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Ghosh-Swaby OR, Reichelt AC, Sheppard PAS, Davies J, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM. Metabolic hormones mediate cognition. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:101009. [PMID: 35679900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent biochemical and behavioural evidence indicates that metabolic hormones not only regulate energy intake and nutrient content, but also modulate plasticity and cognition in the central nervous system. Disruptions in metabolic hormone signalling may provide a link between metabolic syndromes like obesity and diabetes, and cognitive impairment. For example, altered metabolic homeostasis in obesity is a strong determinant of the severity of age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Here we review the evidence that eating behaviours and metabolic hormones-particularly ghrelin, leptin, and insulin-are key players in the delicate regulation of neural plasticity and cognition. Caloric restriction and antidiabetic therapies, both of which affect metabolic hormone levels can restore metabolic homeostasis and enhance cognitive function. Thus, metabolic hormone pathways provide a promising target for the treatment of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Ghosh-Swaby
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul A S Sheppard
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Neuroscience Program, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Gutiérrez IL, Dello Russo C, Novellino F, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Madrigal JLM. Noradrenaline in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116143. [PMID: 35682822 PMCID: PMC9181823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the important role of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative processes, especially Alzheimer’s disease, due to its ability to control glial activation and chemokine production resulting in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Noradrenaline involvement in this disease was first proposed after finding deficits of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus from Alzheimer’s disease patients. Based on this, it has been hypothesized that the early loss of noradrenergic projections and the subsequent reduction of noradrenaline brain levels contribute to cognitive dysfunctions and the progression of neurodegeneration. Several studies have focused on analyzing the role of noradrenaline in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review we summarize some of the most relevant data describing the alterations of the noradrenergic system normally occurring in Alzheimer’s disease as well as experimental studies in which noradrenaline concentration was modified in order to further analyze how these alterations affect the behavior and viability of different nervous cells. The combination of the different studies here presented suggests that the maintenance of adequate noradrenaline levels in the central nervous system constitutes a key factor of the endogenous defense systems that help prevent or delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease. For this reason, the use of noradrenaline modulating drugs is proposed as an interesting alternative therapeutic option for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L. Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Cinzia Dello Russo
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Fabiana Novellino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - José L. M. Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-394-1463
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Guzmán-Ramos K, Osorio-Gómez D, Bermúdez-Rattoni F. Cognitive impairment in alzheimer’s and metabolic diseases: A catecholaminergic hypothesis. Neuroscience 2022; 497:308-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kim S, Nam Y, Kim HS, Jung H, Jeon SG, Hong SB, Moon M. Alteration of Neural Pathways and Its Implications in Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040845. [PMID: 35453595 PMCID: PMC9025507 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease accompanied by cognitive and behavioral symptoms. These AD-related manifestations result from the alteration of neural circuitry by aggregated forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, which are neurotoxic. From a neuroscience perspective, identifying neural circuits that integrate various inputs and outputs to determine behaviors can provide insight into the principles of behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the alterations in the neural circuits associated with AD-related behavioral and psychological symptoms. Interestingly, it is well known that the alteration of neural circuitry is prominent in the brains of patients with AD. Here, we selected specific regions in the AD brain that are associated with AD-related behavioral and psychological symptoms, and reviewed studies of healthy and altered efferent pathways to the target regions. Moreover, we propose that specific neural circuits that are altered in the AD brain can be potential targets for AD treatment. Furthermore, we provide therapeutic implications for targeting neuronal circuits through various therapeutic approaches and the appropriate timing of treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Yunkwon Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Hyeon soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Haram Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Seong Gak Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Sang Bum Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (S.K.); (Y.N.); (H.s.K.); (H.J.); (S.G.J.); (S.B.H.)
- Research Institute for Dementia Science, Konyang University, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Malatt C, Tagliati M. The role of the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine system in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders: An update. Curr Opin Neurol 2022; 35:220-229. [PMID: 35175974 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this review was to provide an update on current and emerging knowledge of the neuropathological processes affecting the locus coeruleus/norepinephrine (LC/NE) system, their effect on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease symptomatology, including efforts to translate these notions into therapeutic actions targeting the noradrenergic system. RECENT FINDINGS Over the past 2 years, work from multiple groups has contributed to support an early role of locus coeruleus degeneration and/or hyperactivation in the neurodegenerative process, including a trigger of neuroinflammation. Imaging advances are allowing the quantification of locus coeruleus structural features in vivo, which is critical in the early stages of disease. Nonmotor and noncognitive symptoms, often secondary to the involvement of the LC/NE system, are becoming more important in the definition of these diseases and their treatment. SUMMARY The diverse symptomatology of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, which is not limited to cardinal motor and cognitive abnormalities, strongly suggests a multisystem neurodegenerative process. In this context, it is increasingly clear how the LC/NE system plays a key role in the initiation and maintenance of the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Malatt
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Dahl MJ, Mather M, Werkle-Bergner M, Kennedy BL, Guzman S, Hurth K, Miller CA, Qiao Y, Shi Y, Chui HC, Ringman JM. Locus coeruleus integrity is related to tau burden and memory loss in autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:39-54. [PMID: 35045380 PMCID: PMC8976827 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abnormally phosphorylated tau, an indicator of Alzheimer's disease, accumulates in the first decades of life in the locus coeruleus (LC), the brain's main noradrenaline supply. However, technical challenges in in-vivo assessments have impeded research into the role of the LC in Alzheimer's disease. We studied participants with or known to be at-risk for mutations in genes causing autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) with early onset, providing a unique window into the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's largely disentangled from age-related factors. Using high-resolution MRI and tau PET, we found lower rostral LC integrity in symptomatic participants. LC integrity was associated with individual differences in tau burden and memory decline. Post-mortem analyses in a separate set of carriers of the same mutation confirmed substantial neuronal loss in the LC. Our findings link LC degeneration to tau burden and memory in Alzheimer's, and highlight a role of the noradrenergic system in this neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Dahl
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Mara Mather
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Werkle-Bergner
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Briana L Kennedy
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Samuel Guzman
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kyle Hurth
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuchuan Qiao
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI), USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Chen Y, Chen T, Hou R. Locus coeruleus in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2022; 8:e12257. [PMID: 35282658 PMCID: PMC8900465 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a nucleus in the brain stem producing noradrenaline. While cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has primarily been related to cholinergic depletion, evidence indicates extensive LC degeneration as its earliest pathological marker. The current study aimed to systematically evaluate current evidence investigating the role of the LC in the pathogenesis of AD. A systematic search of the literature was performed on electronic databases including PubMed and Web of Science. Twelve animal, human post mortem, and human imaging studies were included in this review. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were undertaken following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for preferred reporting of systematic reviews. Significant associations were identified between LC changes and cognitive decline. Significant reductions in fiber density, neuronal number, and LC volume were seen to correlate with other pathological degenerative markers. Current evidence indicates an important role of the LC in pathogenesis of AD and suggests its potential in both diagnosis and treatment of AD. This systematic review advances our understanding of the role of the LC in AD by synthesizing available evidence, identifying research gaps, highlighting methodological challenges, and making recommendations for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- School of Clinical MedicineAddenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ruihua Hou
- Clinical and Experimental SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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Carving the senescent phenotype by the chemical reactivity of catecholamines: An integrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101570. [PMID: 35051644 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules damaged by covalent modifications produced by chemically reactive metabolites accumulate in the slowly renewable components of living bodies and compromise their functions. Among such metabolites, catecholamines (CA) are unique, compared with the ubiquitous oxygen, ROS, glucose and methylglyoxal, in that their high chemical reactivity is confined to a limited set of cell types, including the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons and their direct targets, which suffer from CA propensities for autoxidation yielding toxic quinones, and for Pictet-Spengler reactions with carbonyl-containing compounds, which yield mitochondrial toxins. The functions progressively compromised because of that include motor performance, cognition, reward-driven behaviors, emotional tuning, and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The phenotypic manifestations of the resulting disorders culminate in such conditions as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, and menopause. The reasons to suspect that CA play some special role in aging accumulated since early 1970-ies. Published reviews address the role of CA hazardousness in the development of specific aging-associated diseases. The present integrative review explores how the bizarre discrepancy between CA hazardousness and biological importance could have emerged in evolution, how much does the chemical reactivity of CA contribute to the senescent phenotype in mammals, and what can be done with it.
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Hoffmeister JD, Kelm-Nelson CA, Ciucci MR. Manipulation of vocal communication and anxiety through pharmacologic modulation of norepinephrine in the Pink1-/- rat model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2022; 418:113642. [PMID: 34755639 PMCID: PMC8671235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vocal deficits and anxiety are common, co-occurring, and interacting signs of Parkinson Disease (PD) that have a devastating impact on quality of life. Both manifest early in the disease process. Unlike hallmark motor signs of PD, neither respond adequately to dopamine replacement therapies, suggesting that their disease-specific mechanisms are at least partially extra-dopaminergic. Because noradrenergic dysfunction is also a defining feature of PD, especially early in the disease progression, drug therapies targeting norepinephrine are being trialed for treatment of motor and non-motor impairments in PD. Research assessing the effects of noradrenergic manipulation on anxiety and vocal impairment in PD, however, is sparse. In this pre-clinical study, we quantified the influence of pharmacologic manipulation of norepinephrine on vocal impairment and anxiety in Pink1-/- rats, a translational model of PD that demonstrates both vocal deficits and anxiety. Ultrasonic vocalization acoustics, anxiety behavior, and limb motor activity were tested twice for each rat: after injection of saline and after one of three drugs. We hypothesized that norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (atomoxetine and reboxetine) and a β receptor antagonist (propranolol) would decrease vocal impairment and anxiety compared to saline, without affecting spontaneous motor activity. Our results demonstrated that atomoxetine and reboxetine decreased anxiety behavior. Atomoxetine also modulated ultrasonic vocalization acoustics, including an increase in vocal intensity, which is almost always reduced in animal models and patients with PD. Propranolol did not affect anxiety or vocalization. Drug condition did not influence spontaneous motor activity. These studies demonstrate relationships among vocal impairment, anxiety, and noradrenergic systems in the Pink1-/- rat model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Hoffmeister
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Cynthia A Kelm-Nelson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.
| | - Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA; Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 9531 WIMR II, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Functional neuroanatomy of cognition in Parkinson's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 269:289-307. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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