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Gonzalez-Calvo I, Ronald A, Shakoor S, Taylor MJ, Eley TC, Hosang GM. Perinatal risk factors and subclinical hypomania: A prospective community study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:885-892. [PMID: 39029678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal risk factors are implicated in the development of psychopathology, but their role in bipolar disorder (BD) and hypomania is unclear. Using data from a prospective community cohort, this is the first study to investigate the association between a range of perinatal risk factors, hypomanic symptoms, and 'high-risk' for BD in the general population. METHODS Parent report of perinatal events were available for 26,040 eighteen-month-olds from the Twins Early Development Study. Subsequent self-report hypomania was measured at ages 16 (Hypomania Checklist-16; N = 2943) and 26 (Mood Disorders Questionnaire; N = 7748). Participants were categorised as 'high-risk' for BD using established classifications. Linear and logistic regressions were conducted within a generalised estimating equations framework to account for relatedness in the sample. RESULTS Prenatal alcohol exposure (β = 0.08, SE = 0.04, p = .0002) and number of alcohol units consumed (β = 0.09, SE = 0.02, p < .0001) were associated with hypomanic symptoms at age 16, and number of alcohol units (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI:1.06-1.21, p = .0003) and maternal stress (OR = 1.68, 95 % CI:1.21-2.34, p = .002) were associated with 'high-risk' for BD age 16. Prenatal tobacco exposure (β = 0.10, SE = 0.04, p < .0001) and number of cigarettes smoked (β = 0.10, SE = 0.01, p < .0001) were associated with hypomanic symptoms and 'high-risk' for BD at age 26, although these result were attenuated controlling for parental psychiatric history. LIMITATIONS Familial confounding could not be fully adjusted for. Rater reports include some biases. CONCLUSIONS These findings show perinatal risk factors to be associated with subclinical hypomania and 'high-risk' for BD. Future work should explore the mechanisms underlying these longitudinal associations, which could shed light on prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gonzalez-Calvo
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Sania Shakoor
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Mark J Taylor
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Georgina M Hosang
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
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Li Y, Song Y, Sui J, Greiner R, Li XM, Greenshaw AJ, Liu YS, Cao B. Prospective prediction of anxiety onset in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA): A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 357:148-155. [PMID: 38670463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in the middle aged and older population. Because older individuals are more likely to have multiple comorbidities or increased frailty, the impact of anxiety disorders on their overall well-being is exacerbated. Early identification of anxiety disorders using machine learning (ML) can potentially mitigate the adverse consequences associated with these disorders. METHODS We applied ML to the data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) to predict the onset of anxiety disorders approximately three years in the future. We used Shapley value-based methods to determine the top factor for prediction. We also investigated whether anxiety onset can be predicted by baseline depression-related predictors alone. RESULTS Our model was able to predict anxiety onset accurately (Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve or AUC = 0.814 ± 0.016 (mean ± standard deviation), balanced accuracy = 0.741 ± 0.016, sensitivity = 0.743 ± 0.033, and specificity = 0.738 ± 0.010). The top predictive factors included prior depression or mood disorder diagnosis, high frailty, anxious personality, and low emotional stability. Depression and mood disorders are well known comorbidity of anxiety; however a prior depression or mood disorder diagnosis could not predict anxiety onset without other factors. LIMITATION While our findings underscore the importance of a prior depression diagnosis in predicting anxiety, they also highlight that it alone is inadequate, signifying the necessity to incorporate additional predictors for improved prediction accuracy. CONCLUSION Our study showcases promising prospects for using machine learning to develop personalized prediction models for anxiety onset in middle-aged and older adults using easy-to-access survey data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yipeng Song
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Russell Greiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew J Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yang S Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Newby D, Taylor N, Joyce DW, Winchester LM. Optimising the use of electronic medical records for large scale research in psychiatry. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:232. [PMID: 38824136 PMCID: PMC11144247 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The explosion and abundance of digital data could facilitate large-scale research for psychiatry and mental health. Research using so-called "real world data"-such as electronic medical/health records-can be resource-efficient, facilitate rapid hypothesis generation and testing, complement existing evidence (e.g. from trials and evidence-synthesis) and may enable a route to translate evidence into clinically effective, outcomes-driven care for patient populations that may be under-represented. However, the interpretation and processing of real-world data sources is complex because the clinically important 'signal' is often contained in both structured and unstructured (narrative or "free-text") data. Techniques for extracting meaningful information (signal) from unstructured text exist and have advanced the re-use of routinely collected clinical data, but these techniques require cautious evaluation. In this paper, we survey the opportunities, risks and progress made in the use of electronic medical record (real-world) data for psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Newby
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Niall Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dan W Joyce
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health and Civic Health, Innovation Labs, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Casares MÁ, Díez-Gómez A, Pérez-Albéniz A, Lucas-Molina B, Fonseca-Pedrero E. Screening for anxiety in adolescents: Validation of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 in a representative sample of adolescents. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:331-338. [PMID: 38490592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
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Monssen D, Davies HL, Kakar S, Bristow S, Curzons SCB, Davies MR, Kelly EJ, Ahmad Z, Bradley JR, Bright S, Coleman JRI, Glen K, Hotopf M, Ter Kuile AR, Malouf CM, Kalsi G, Kingston N, McAtarsney-Kovacs M, Mundy J, Peel AJ, Palmos AB, Rogers HC, Skelton M, Adey BN, Lee SH, Virgo H, Quinn T, Price T, Zvrskovec J, Eley TC, Treasure J, Hübel C, Breen G. The United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1145-1159. [PMID: 37584261 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The United Kingdom Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative (EDGI UK), part of the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Mental Health BioResource, aims to deepen our understanding of the environmental and genetic etiology of eating disorders. EDGI UK launched in February 2020 and is partnered with the UK eating disorders charity, Beat. Multiple EDGI branches exist worldwide. This article serves the dual function of providing an in-depth description of our study protocol and of describing our initial sample including demographics, diagnoses, and physical and psychiatric comorbidities. METHOD EDGI UK recruits via media and clinical services. Anyone living in England, at least 16 years old, with a lifetime probable or clinical eating disorder is eligible to sign up online: edgiuk.org. Participants complete online questionnaires, donate a saliva sample for genetic analysis, and consent to medical record linkage and recontact for future studies. RESULTS As of September 2022, EDGI UK recruited 7435 survey participants: 98% female, 93.1% white, 97.8% cisgender, 65.9% heterosexual, and 52.1% have a university degree. Over half (57.8%) of these participants have returned their saliva DNA kit. The most common diagnoses are anorexia nervosa (48.3%), purging disorder (37.8%), bulimia nervosa (37.5%), binge-eating disorder (15.8%), and atypical anorexia nervosa (7.8%). CONCLUSION EDGI UK is the largest UK eating disorders study and efforts to increase its diversity are underway. It offers a unique opportunity to accelerate eating disorder research. Researchers and participants with lived experience can collaborate on projects with unparalleled sample size. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Eating disorders are debilitating and costly for society but are under-researched due to underfunding. EDGI UK is one of the largest eating disorder studies worldwide with ongoing recruitment. The collected data constitute a resource for secondary analysis. We will combine data from all international EDGI branches and the NIHR BioResource to facilitate research that improves our understanding of eating disorders and their comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helena L Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saakshi Kakar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susannah C B Curzons
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Molly R Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emily J Kelly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zain Ahmad
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Bright
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abigail R Ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chelsea Mika Malouf
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika McAtarsney-Kovacs
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alish B Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Henry C Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Brett N Adey
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hope Virgo
- Unit 1, Beat Eating Disorders, Norwich, UK
| | - Tom Quinn
- Unit 1, Beat Eating Disorders, Norwich, UK
| | - Tom Price
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Johan Zvrskovec
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Hartono SP, Chatrath S, Aktas ON, Kubala SA, Capozza K, Myles IA, Silverberg JI, Schwartz A. Interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8844. [PMID: 38632375 PMCID: PMC11024101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that is associated with anxiety and depression. Few studies have addressed interventions for symptoms of anxiety and depression in this population. To determine the efficacy of interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with AD. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from inception to November 2023. English-language studies published in peer-reviewed journals evaluating the effect of interventions on anxiety and/or depression using validated assessment tools on patients with AD were included. Titles, abstracts, and articles were screened by at least two independent reviewers. Of 1410 references that resulted in the initial search, 17 studies were included. Fourteen of these studies are randomized controlled trials, while the other 3 studies are prospective controlled trials with pre and post-test designs. Data were extracted using a standardized extraction form, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. To accommodate trials with multiple interventions (each compared to a control group), we conducted a mixed-effects meta-analysis with the trial as a random effect. Prespecified outcomes were changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with AD as evaluated using standardized assessment tools. Of the 17 studies included in this systematic review, 7 pharmacological intervention studies with 4723 participants examining 5 different medications were included in a meta-analysis. Of these studies, only 1 study evaluated medications prescribed to treat anxiety and/or depression; the rest evaluated medications prescribed to treat AD. Meta-analysis of all the pharmacological interventions resulted in significant improvement in anxiety, depression, and combined anxiety-depression scale scores (standardized mean difference [95% CI]: - 0.29 [- 0.49 to - 0.09], - 0.27 [- 0.45 to - 0.08], - 0.27 [- 0.45 to - 0.08]) respectively. The 10 non-pharmacological studies with 2058 participants showed general improvement in anxiety but not depression. A meta-analysis of the non-pharmacological interventions was not conducted due to variable approaches and limited data. Pharmacological interventions designed to improve AD were found to improve anxiety and depression in patients with moderate-severe disease. More comprehensive studies on non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions that primarily target anxiety and depression are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella P Hartono
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA.
| | | | - Ozge N Aktas
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Stephanie A Kubala
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Korey Capozza
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ian A Myles
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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McAusland L, Burton CL, Bagnell A, Boylan K, Hatchard T, Lingley-Pottie P, Al Maruf A, McGrath P, Newton AS, Rowa K, Schachar RJ, Shaheen SM, Stewart S, Arnold PD, Crosbie J, Mattheisen M, Soreni N, Stewart SE, Meier S. The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38395805 PMCID: PMC10885620 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial impairment across the lifespan. Genetic factors play an important role in the vulnerability toward anxiety disorders. However, genetic contribution to anxiety in youth is not well understood and can change across developmental stages. Large-scale genetic studies of youth are needed with detailed assessments of symptoms of anxiety disorders and their major comorbidities to inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. METHODS The Genetic Architecture of Youth Anxiety (GAYA) study is a Pan-Canadian effort of clinical and genetic experts with specific recruitment sites in Calgary, Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto, and Vancouver. Youth aged 10-19 (n = 13,000) will be recruited from both clinical and community settings and will provide saliva samples, complete online questionnaires on demographics, symptoms of mental health concerns, and behavioural inhibition, and complete neurocognitive tasks. A subset of youth will be offered access to a self-managed Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy resource. Analyses will focus on the identification of novel genetic risk loci for anxiety disorders in youth and assess how much of the genetic risk for anxiety disorders is unique or shared across the life span. DISCUSSION Results will substantially inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Given that the GAYA study will be the biggest genomic study of anxiety disorders in youth in Canada, this project will further foster collaborations nationally and across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laina McAusland
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Christie L Burton
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Child and Youth Mental Health Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Hatchard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Youth Wellness Center, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Lingley-Pottie
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al Maruf
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda S Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S-M Shaheen
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sam Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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8
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Huider F, Milaneschi Y, Hottenga JJ, Bot M, Rietman ML, Kok AAL, Galesloot TE, 't Hart LM, Rutters F, Blom MT, Rhebergen D, Visser M, Brouwer I, Feskens E, Hartman CA, Oldehinkel AJ, de Geus EJC, Kiemeney LA, Huisman M, Picavet HSJ, Verschuren WMM, van Loo HM, Penninx BWJH, Boomsma DI. Genomics Research of Lifetime Depression in the Netherlands: The BIObanks Netherlands Internet Collaboration (BIONIC) Project. Twin Res Hum Genet 2024; 27:1-11. [PMID: 38497097 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2024.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In this cohort profile article we describe the lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) database that has been established as part of the BIObanks Netherlands Internet Collaboration (BIONIC). Across the Netherlands we collected data on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lifetime MDD diagnosis in 132,850 Dutch individuals. Currently, N = 66,684 of these also have genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We initiated this project because the complex genetic basis of MDD requires large population-wide studies with uniform in-depth phenotyping. For standardized phenotyping we developed the LIDAS (LIfetime Depression Assessment Survey), which then was used to measure MDD in 11 Dutch cohorts. Data from these cohorts were combined with diagnostic interview depression data from 5 clinical cohorts to create a dataset of N = 29,650 lifetime MDD cases (22%) meeting DSM-5 criteria and 94,300 screened controls. In addition, genomewide genotype data from the cohorts were assembled into a genomewide association study (GWAS) dataset of N = 66,684 Dutch individuals (25.3% cases). Phenotype data include DSM-5-based MDD diagnoses, sociodemographic variables, information on lifestyle and BMI, characteristics of depressive symptoms and episodes, and psychiatric diagnosis and treatment history. We describe the establishment and harmonization of the BIONIC phenotype and GWAS datasets and provide an overview of the available information and sample characteristics. Our next step is the GWAS of lifetime MDD in the Netherlands, with future plans including fine-grained genetic analyses of depression characteristics, international collaborations and multi-omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris Huider
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Liset Rietman
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Almar A L Kok
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Didi Rhebergen
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Mental health Institute GGZ Centraal, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edith Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Huisman
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Center for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hanna M van Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1105 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Etemadi Shamsababdi P, Dehshiri GR. Self-Compassion, Anxiety and Depression Symptoms; the Mediation of Shame and Guilt. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241227525. [PMID: 38251880 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241227525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Self-compassion is related to psychological well-being and can improve mental health problems. The present study aimed to examine the relationship of self-compassion with anxiety and depression symptoms considering the mediating effects of shame and guilt. Two hundred forty-three participants in Iran completed the measures of Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), self-compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and personal feelings questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2 Brief). The result showed that there was a significant negative correlation between self-compassion and shame, guilt, depression, and anxiety. The correlation between shame and guilt with depression and anxiety was also positive and significant. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether self-compassion predicted decreased symptoms of depression and anxiety through decreased shame and guilt. The results showed that self-compassion has a negative direct effect on depression symptoms. The direct effect of self-compassion on anxiety symptoms was not significant. Moreover, we found that shame and guilt mediate the relationship between self-compassion and depressive symptoms. However, the indirect effect of guilt on anxiety symptoms was not significant. The findings of the current study demonstrate that Self-compassion is linked to more psychological strengths and efficient emotional regulations, leading to less self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) and decreased depression and anxiety symptoms.
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Iveson MH, Ball EL, Doherty J, Pugh C, Vashishta S, Palmer CNA, McIntosh A. Cohort profile: The Scottish SHARE Mental Health (SHARE-MH) cohort - linkable survey, genetic and routinely collected data for mental health research. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e078246. [PMID: 38216181 PMCID: PMC10806588 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The SHARE Mental Health (SHARE-MH) cohort was established to address the paucity of clinical and genetic data available for mental health research. The cohort brings together detailed mental health questionnaire responses, routinely collected electronic health data and genetic data to provide researchers with an unprecedented linkable dataset. This combination of data sources allows researchers to track mental health longitudinally, across multiple settings. It will be of interest to researchers investigating the genetic and environmental determinants of mental health, the experiences of those interacting with healthcare services, and the overlap between self-reported and clinically derived mental health outcomes. PARTICIPANTS The cohort consists of individuals sampled from the Scottish Health Research Register (SHARE). To register for SHARE, individuals had to be over the age of 16 years and living in Scotland. Cohort participants were recruited by email and invited to take part in an online mental health survey. When signing up for SHARE, participants also provided written consent to the use of their electronic health records and genetic data-derived from spare blood samples-for research purposes. FINDINGS TO DATE From 5 February 2021 to 27 November 2021, 9829 individuals completed a survey of various mental health topics, capturing information on symptoms, diagnoses, impact and treatment. Survey responses have been made linkable to electronic health records and genetic data using a single patient identifier. Linked data have been used to describe the cohort in terms of their demographics, self-reported mental health, inpatient and outpatient hospitalisations and dispensed prescriptions. FUTURE PLANS The cohort will be improved through linkage to a broader variety of routinely collected data and to increasing amounts of genetic data obtained through blood sample diversion. We see the SHARE-MH cohort being used to drive forward novel areas of mental health research and to contribute to global efforts in psychiatric genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily L Ball
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jason Doherty
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carys Pugh
- Advanced Care Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shobna Vashishta
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Parsons CE, Purves KL, Davies MR, Mundy J, Bristow S, Eley TC, Breen G, Hirsch CR, Young KS. Seeking help for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of adults' experiences with digital technologies and services. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000402. [PMID: 38055730 PMCID: PMC10699588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about dramatic changes in how patients access healthcare from its outset. Lockdown restrictions and remote working led to a proliferation of digital technologies and services, which also impacted mental health provisions. Against the backdrop of new and changing support services, along with an unprecedented emphasis on mental health, relatively little is known about how adults sought out and received support for their mental health during this period. With a sample of 27,574 adults assessed longitudinally online over 12 months of the pandemic in the UK, we analysed reports of help-seeking for mental health, as well as sources of treatment or support and the perceived helpfulness of treatments received. We observed that the proportions of participants who reported seeking help remained relatively consistent throughout the 12-month period (ranging from 12.6% to 17.0%). Online talking therapies were among the most frequently sought sources (15.3%), whereas online self-guided treatments were among the least frequently sought sources (5%). Telephone lines, both NHS and non-governmental, had marked treatment 'gaps'. These treatment gaps, where individuals sought treatment but did not receive it, were especially evident for men and older adults. Our findings underscore online talking therapies as being a widely-sought and helpful source of mental health support. This is important given the current global need for accessible treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirstin. L. Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Colette R. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine S. Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Davies HL, Peel AJ, Mundy J, Monssen D, Kakar S, Davies MR, Adey BN, Armour C, Kalsi G, Lin Y, Marsh I, Rogers HC, Walters JTR, Herle M, Glen K, Malouf CM, Kelly EJ, Eley TC, Treasure J, Breen G, Hübel C. The network structure of mania symptoms differs between people with and without binge eating. Bipolar Disord 2023; 25:592-607. [PMID: 37308319 PMCID: PMC10768381 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with bipolar disorder who also report binge eating have increased psychopathology and greater impairment than those without binge eating. Whether this co-occurrence is related to binge eating as a symptom or presents differently across full-syndrome eating disorders with binge eating is unclear. METHODS We first compared networks of 13 lifetime mania symptoms in 34,226 participants from the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Research BioResource with (n = 12,104) and without (n = 22,122) lifetime binge eating. Second, in the subsample with binge eating, we compared networks of mania symptoms in participants with lifetime anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging (n = 825), bulimia nervosa (n = 3737), and binge-eating disorder (n = 3648). RESULTS People with binge eating endorsed every mania symptom significantly more often than those without binge eating. Within the subsample, people with bulimia nervosa most often had the highest endorsement rate of each mania symptom. We found significant differences in network parameter statistics, including network structure (M = 0.25, p = 0.001) and global strength (S = 1.84, p = 0.002) when comparing the binge eating with no binge-eating participants. However, network structure differences were sensitive to reductions in sample size and the greater density of the latter network was explained by the large proportion of participants (34%) without mania symptoms. The structure of the anorexia nervosa binge-eating/purging network differed from the bulimia nervosa network (M = 0.66, p = 0.001), but the result was unstable. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the presence and structure of mania symptoms may be more associated with binge eating as a symptom rather than any specific binge-type eating disorder. Further research with larger sample sizes is required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alicia J. Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Saakshi Kakar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Brett N. Adey
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chérie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC), School of PsychologyQueen's University Belfast (QUB)Belfast, Northern IrelandUK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Ian Marsh
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Henry C. Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - James T. R. Walters
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, National Centre for Mental Health and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chelsea Mika Malouf
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Emily J. Kelly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustMaudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health and Social Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
- National Centre for Register‐based Research, Aarhus Business and Social SciencesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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13
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Mundy J, Hübel C, Adey BN, Davies HL, Davies MR, Coleman JRI, Hotopf M, Kalsi G, Lee SH, McIntosh AM, Rogers HC, Eley TC, Murray RM, Vassos E, Breen G. Genetic examination of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire and its relationship with bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2023; 192:147-160. [PMID: 37178379 PMCID: PMC10952822 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a common screening tool for bipolar disorder that assesses manic symptoms. Its utility for genetic studies of mania or bipolar traits has not been fully examined. We psychometrically compared the MDQ to self-reported bipolar disorder in participants from the United Kingdom National Institute of Health and Care Research Mental Health BioResource. We conducted genome-wide association studies of manic symptom quantitative traits and symptom subgroups, derived from the MDQ items (N = 11,568-19,859). We calculated genetic correlations with bipolar disorder and other psychiatric and behavioral traits. The MDQ screener showed low positive predictive value (0.29) for self-reported bipolar disorder. Neither concurrent nor lifetime manic symptoms were genetically correlated with bipolar disorder. Lifetime manic symptoms had a highest genetic correlation (rg = 1.0) with posttraumatic stress disorder although this was not confirmed by within-cohort phenotypic correlations (rp = 0.41). Other significant genetic correlations included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rg = 0.69), insomnia (rg = 0.55), and major depressive disorder (rg = 0.42). Our study adds to existing literature questioning the MDQ's validity and suggests it may capture symptoms of general distress or psychopathology, rather than hypomania/mania specifically, in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mundy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
- National Centre for Register‐based Research, Aarhus Business and Social SciencesAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | - Brett N. Adey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Helena L. Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Jonathan R. I. Coleman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustBethlem Royal HospitalKentUK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Henry C. Rogers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
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14
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Young KS, Purves KL, Hübel C, Davies MR, Thompson KN, Bristow S, Krebs G, Danese A, Hirsch C, Parsons CE, Vassos E, Adey BN, Bright S, Hegemann L, Lee YT, Kalsi G, Monssen D, Mundy J, Peel AJ, Rayner C, Rogers HC, ter Kuile A, Ward C, York K, Lin Y, Palmos AB, Schmidt U, Veale D, Nicholson TR, Pollak TA, Stevelink SAM, Moukhtarian T, Martineau AR, Holt H, Maughan B, Al-Chalabi A, Chaudhuri KR, Richardson MP, Bradley JR, Chinnery PF, Kingston N, Papadia S, Stirrups KE, Linger R, Hotopf M, Eley TC, Breen G. Depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5428-5441. [PMID: 35879886 PMCID: PMC10482709 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health is still being unravelled. It is important to identify which individuals are at greatest risk of worsening symptoms. This study aimed to examine changes in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using prospective and retrospective symptom change assessments, and to find and examine the effect of key risk factors. METHOD Online questionnaires were administered to 34 465 individuals (aged 16 years or above) in April/May 2020 in the UK, recruited from existing cohorts or via social media. Around one-third (n = 12 718) of included participants had prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety and had completed pre-pandemic mental health assessments (between September 2018 and February 2020), allowing prospective investigation of symptom change. RESULTS Prospective symptom analyses showed small decreases in depression (PHQ-9: -0.43 points) and anxiety [generalised anxiety disorder scale - 7 items (GAD)-7: -0.33 points] and increases in PTSD (PCL-6: 0.22 points). Conversely, retrospective symptom analyses demonstrated significant large increases (PHQ-9: 2.40; GAD-7 = 1.97), with 55% reported worsening mental health since the beginning of the pandemic on a global change rating. Across both prospective and retrospective measures of symptom change, worsening depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were associated with prior mental health diagnoses, female gender, young age and unemployed/student status. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the effect of prior mental health diagnoses on worsening mental health during the pandemic and confirm previously reported sociodemographic risk factors. Discrepancies between prospective and retrospective measures of changes in mental health may be related to recall bias-related underestimation of prior symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K. L. Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M. R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K. N. Thompson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - S. Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - G. Krebs
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A. Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C. Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. E. Parsons
- Interacting Minds Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E. Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - B. N. Adey
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - S. Bright
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - L. Hegemann
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Y. T. Lee
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - G. Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D. Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J. Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A. J. Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - C. Rayner
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - H. C. Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A. ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C. Ward
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - K. York
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Y. Lin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A. B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - U. Schmidt
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D. Veale
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T. R. Nicholson
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Section of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T. A. Pollak
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Section of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S. A. M. Stevelink
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T. Moukhtarian
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A. R. Martineau
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - H. Holt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - B. Maughan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - A. Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K. Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College and King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - M. P. Richardson
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J. R. Bradley
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - P. F. Chinnery
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - N. Kingston
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Papadia
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - K. E. Stirrups
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - R. Linger
- NIHR BioResource and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M. Hotopf
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - T. C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G. Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Bright SJ, Hübel C, Young KS, Bristow S, Peel AJ, Rayner C, Mundy J, Palmos AB, Purves KL, Kalsi G, Armour C, Jones IR, Hotopf M, McIntosh AM, Smith DJ, Walters JTR, Rogers HC, Thompson KN, Adey BN, Monssen D, Kakar S, Malouf CM, Hirsch C, Glen K, Kelly EJ, Veale D, Eley TC, Breen G, Davies MR. Sociodemographic, mental health, and physical health factors associated with participation within re-contactable mental health cohorts: an investigation of the GLAD Study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:542. [PMID: 37495971 PMCID: PMC10373233 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study is a large cohort of individuals with lifetime anxiety and/or depression, designed to facilitate re-contact of participants for mental health research. At the start of the pandemic, participants from three cohorts, including the GLAD Study, were invited to join the COVID-19 Psychiatry and Neurological Genetics (COPING) study to monitor mental and neurological health. However, previous research suggests that participation in longitudinal studies follows a systematic, rather than random, process, which can ultimately bias results. Therefore, this study assessed participation biases following the re-contact of GLAD Study participants. METHODS In April 2020, all current GLAD Study participants (N = 36,770) were invited to the COPING study. Using logistic regression, we investigated whether sociodemographic, mental, and physical health characteristics were associated with participation in the COPING baseline survey (aim one). Subsequently, we used a zero-inflated negative binomial regression to examine whether these factors were also related to participation in the COPING follow-up surveys (aim two). RESULTS For aim one, older age, female gender identity, non-binary or self-defined gender identities, having one or more physical health disorders, and providing a saliva kit for the GLAD Study were associated with an increased odds of completing the COPING baseline survey. In contrast, lower educational attainment, Asian or Asian British ethnic identity, Black or Black British ethnic identity, higher alcohol consumption at the GLAD sign-up survey, and current or ex-smoking were associated with a reduced odds. For aim two, older age, female gender, and saliva kit provision were associated with greater COPING follow-up survey completion. Lower educational attainment, higher alcohol consumption at the GLAD Study sign-up, ex-smoking, and self-reported attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had negative relationships. CONCLUSIONS Participation biases surrounding sociodemographic and physical health characteristics were particularly evident when re-contacting the GLAD Study volunteers. Factors associated with participation may vary depending on study design. Researchers should examine the barriers and mechanisms underlying participation bias in order to combat these issues and address recruitment biases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Bright
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katherine S Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher Rayner
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alish B Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kirstin L Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ian R Jones
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, National Centre for Mental Health and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, National Centre for Mental Health and MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Henry C Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katherine N Thompson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Brett N Adey
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saakshi Kakar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chelsea M Malouf
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colette Hirsch
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily J Kelly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Molly R Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, PO80, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Lockhart C, Bright J, Ahmadzadeh Y, Breen G, Bristow S, Boyd A, Downs J, Hotopf M, Palaiologou E, Rimfeld K, Maxwell J, Malanchini M, McAdams TA, McMillan A, Plomin R, Eley TC. Twins Early Development Study (TEDS): A genetically sensitive investigation of mental health outcomes in the mid-twenties. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12154. [PMID: 37753150 PMCID: PMC10519737 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) is a longitudinal study following a cohort of twins born 1994-1996 in England and Wales. Of the 13,759 families who originally consented to take part, over 10,000 families remain enrolled in the study. The current focus of TEDS is on mental health in the mid-twenties. Making use of over 25 years of genetically sensitive data, TEDS is uniquely placed to explore the longitudinal genetic and environmental influences on common mental health disorders in early adulthood. This paper outlines recent data collection efforts supporting this work, including a cohort-wide mental health assessment at age 26 and a multi-phase Covid-19 study. It will also provide an update on data linkage efforts and the Children of TEDS (CoTEDS) project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine Lockhart
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Joanna Bright
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Yasmin Ahmadzadeh
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Andy Boyd
- Population Health Sciences InstituteBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Johnny Downs
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Elisavet Palaiologou
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Kaili Rimfeld
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
- Department of PsychologyRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamSurreyUK
| | - Jessye Maxwell
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Margherita Malanchini
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
- Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
- Promenta Research CentreUniversity of OsloOsloUK
| | - Andrew McMillan
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonCamberwellLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
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17
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Flint J. The genetic basis of major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2254-2265. [PMID: 36702864 PMCID: PMC10611584 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The genetic dissection of major depressive disorder (MDD) ranks as one of the success stories of psychiatric genetics, with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying 178 genetic risk loci and proposing more than 200 candidate genes. However, the GWAS results derive from the analysis of cohorts in which most cases are diagnosed by minimal phenotyping, a method that has low specificity. I review data indicating that there is a large genetic component unique to MDD that remains inaccessible to minimal phenotyping strategies and that the majority of genetic risk loci identified with minimal phenotyping approaches are unlikely to be MDD risk loci. I show that inventive uses of biobank data, novel imputation methods, combined with more interviewer diagnosed cases, can identify loci that contribute to the episodic severe shifts of mood, and neurovegetative and cognitive changes that are central to MDD. Furthermore, new theories about the nature and causes of MDD, drawing upon advances in neuroscience and psychology, can provide handles on how best to interpret and exploit genetic mapping results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Flint
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Billy and Audrey Wilder Endowed Chair in Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, 3357B Gonda, Box 951761, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1761, USA.
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18
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Bolgeo T, Di Matteo R, Simonelli N, Molin AD, Lusignani M, Bassola B, Vellone E, Maconi A, Iovino P. Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the 7-item General Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) in an Italian coronary heart disease population. J Affect Disord 2023; 334:213-219. [PMID: 37149049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized Anxiety Disorder is predominant in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale psychometric properties have never been tested in CHD populations. This study aims to verify the GAD-7 psychometric properties and measurement invariance in an Italian CHD sample. METHOD A baseline data secondary analysis from HEARTS-IN-DYADS study. Several healthcare facilities enrolled an adult inpatient sample. Anxiety and depression data were collected using GAD-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Factorial validity was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis; construct validity was tested by correlating GAD-7 scores with PHQ-9 scores and other sociodemographic characteristics; internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and the composite reliability index, while confirmatory multigroup factor analysis was employed to investigate measurement invariance across gender and age (65 vs. 65). RESULTS We enrolled 398 patients (mean age 64.7 years; 78.9 % male; 66.8 % married). Factor structure was confirmed as unidimensional. Construct validity was confirmed with significant associations between GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, female gender, having a caregiver, and being employed. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability index were 0.89 and 0.90, respectively. Measurement invariance across gender and age was confirmed at the scalar level. LIMITATIONS A convenience sample in one European country, a small female sample, validity testing against a single criterion. CONCLUSION Study results demonstrate adequate validity and reliability of the GAD-7 in an Italian CHD sample. It showed satisfactory invariance properties; GAD-7 is suitable for measuring anxiety in CHD while making significant comparisons of scores among stratified gender and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Bolgeo
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Matteo
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Niccolò Simonelli
- SC Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Dal Molin
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Health Professions' Direction, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Maura Lusignani
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; School of Nursing, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassola
- School of Nursing, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Maconi
- Research Training Innovation Infrastructure, Department of Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Paolo Iovino
- Health Sciences Department, University of Florence, Florence, (Italy)
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19
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Davies MR, Glen K, Mundy J, Ter Kuile AR, Adey BN, Armour C, Assary E, Coleman JRI, Goldsmith KA, Hirsch CR, Hotopf M, Hübel C, Jones IR, Kalsi G, Krebs G, McIntosh AM, Morneau-Vaillancourt G, Peel AJ, Purves KL, Lee SH, Skelton M, Smith DJ, Veale D, Walters JTR, Young KS, Zvrskovec J, Breen G, Eley TC. Factors associated with anxiety disorder comorbidity. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:280-291. [PMID: 36442657 PMCID: PMC10202820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and depressive disorders often co-occur and the order of their emergence may be associated with different clinical outcomes. However, minimal research has been conducted on anxiety-anxiety comorbidity. This study examined factors associated with anxiety comorbidity and anxiety-MDD temporal sequence. METHODS Online, self-report data were collected from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 38,775). Logistic regression analyses compared differences in sociodemographic, trauma, and clinical factors between single anxiety, anxiety-anxiety comorbidity, anxiety-MDD (major depressive disorder) comorbidity, and MDD-only. Additionally, anxiety-first and MDD-first anxiety-MDD were compared. Differences in familial risk were assessed in those participants with self-reported family history or genotype data. RESULTS Anxiety-anxiety and anxiety-MDD had higher rates of self-reported anxiety or depressive disorder diagnoses, younger age of onset, and higher recurrence than single anxiety. Anxiety-MDD displayed greater clinical severity/complexity than MDD only. Anxiety-anxiety had more severe current anxiety symptoms, less severe current depressive symptoms, and reduced likelihood of self-reporting an anxiety/depressive disorder diagnosis than anxiety-MDD. Anxiety-first anxiety-MDD had a younger age of onset, more severe anxiety symptoms, and less likelihood of self-reporting a diagnosis than MDD-first. Minimal differences in familial risk were found. LIMITATIONS Self-report, retrospective measures may introduce recall bias. The familial risk analyses were likely underpowered. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety-anxiety comorbidity displayed a similarly severe and complex profile of symptoms as anxiety-MDD but distinct features. For anxiety-MDD, first-onset anxiety had an earlier age of onset and greater severity than MDD-first. Anxiety disorders and comorbidity warrant further investigation and attention in research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Abigail R Ter Kuile
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Brett N Adey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chérie Armour
- Stress, Trauma & Related Conditions (STARC) research lab, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, UK
| | - Elham Assary
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kimberley A Goldsmith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian R Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Alicia J Peel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Kirstin L Purves
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sang Hyuck Lee
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Katherine S Young
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Johan Zvrskovec
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
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20
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Davies HL, Hübel C, Herle M, Kakar S, Mundy J, Peel AJ, ter Kuile AR, Zvrskovec J, Monssen D, Lim KX, Davies MR, Palmos AB, Lin Y, Kalsi G, Rogers HC, Bristow S, Glen K, Malouf CM, Kelly EJ, Purves KL, Young KS, Hotopf M, Armour C, McIntosh AM, Eley TC, Treasure J, Breen G. Risk and protective factors for new-onset binge eating, low weight, and self-harm symptoms in >35,000 individuals in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:91-107. [PMID: 36315390 PMCID: PMC9874817 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health, including increases in eating disorders and self-harm symptoms. We investigated risk and protective factors for the new onset of these symptoms during the pandemic. METHOD Data were from the COVID-19 Psychiatry and Neurological Genetics study and the Repeated Assessment of Mental health in Pandemics Study (n = 36,715). Exposures were socio-demographic characteristics, lifetime psychiatric disorder, and COVID-related variables, including SARS-CoV-2 infection/illness with COVID-19. We identified four subsamples of participants without pre-pandemic experience of our outcomes: binge eating (n = 24,211), low weight (n = 24,364), suicidal and/or self-harm ideation (n = 18,040), and self-harm (n = 29,948). Participants reported on our outcomes at frequent intervals (fortnightly to monthly). We fitted multiple logistic regression models to identify factors associated with the new onset of our outcomes. RESULTS Within each subsample, new onset was reported by: 21% for binge eating, 10.8% for low weight, 23.5% for suicidal and/or self-harm ideation, and 3.5% for self-harm. Shared risk factors included having a lifetime psychiatric disorder, not being in paid employment, higher pandemic worry scores, and being racially minoritized. Conversely, infection with SARS-CoV-2/illness with COVID-19 was linked to lower odds of binge eating, low weight, and suicidal and/or self-harm ideation. DISCUSSION Overall, we detected shared risk factors that may drive the comorbidity between eating disorders and self-harm. Subgroups of individuals with these risk factors may require more frequent monitoring during future pandemics. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE In a sample of 35,000 UK residents, people who had a psychiatric disorder, identified as being part of a racially minoritized group, were not in paid employment, or were more worried about the pandemic were more likely to experience binge eating, low weight, suicidal and/or self-harm ideation, and self-harm for the first time during the pandemic. People with these risk factors may need particular attention during future pandemics to enable early identification of new psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biostatistics and Health InformaticsInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Saakshi Kakar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alicia J. Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Abigail R. ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Johan Zvrskovec
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kai Xiang Lim
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Alish B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Henry C. Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kiran Glen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Chelsea Mika Malouf
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Emily J. Kelly
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Kirstin L. Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katherine S. Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
- Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress, Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC), School of PsychologyQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological MedicineInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research CentreSouth London and Maudsley HospitalLondonUK
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21
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Parsons CE, Purves KL, Skelton M, Peel AJ, Davies MR, Rijsdijk F, Bristow S, Eley TC, Breen G, Hirsch CR, Young KS. Different trajectories of depression, anxiety and anhedonia symptoms in the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in a UK longitudinal sample. Psychol Med 2022; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36468440 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722003828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic have described initial negative effects on mental health and exacerbating mental health inequalities, longer-term studies are only now emerging. METHOD In total, 34 465 individuals in the UK completed online questionnaires and were re-contacted over the first 12 months of the pandemic. We used growth mixture modelling to identify trajectories of depression, anxiety and anhedonia symptoms using the 12-month data. We identified sociodemographic predictors of trajectory class membership using multinomial regression models. RESULTS Most participants had consistently low symptoms of depression or anxiety over the year of assessments (60%, 69% respectively), and a minority had consistently high symptoms (10%, 15%). We also identified participants who appeared to show improvements in symptoms as the pandemic progressed, and others who showed the opposite pattern, marked symptom worsening, until the second national lockdown. Unexpectedly, most participants showed stable low positive affect, indicating anhedonia, throughout the 12-month period. From regression analyses, younger age, reporting a previous mental health diagnosis, non-binary, or self-defined gender, and an unemployed or a student status were significantly associated with membership of the stable high symptom groups for depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS While most participants showed little change in their depression and anxiety symptoms across the first year of the pandemic, we highlight the divergent responses of subgroups of participants, who fared both better and worse around national lockdowns. We confirm that previously identified predictors of negative outcomes in the first months of the pandemic also predict negative outcomes over a 12-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Parsons
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kirstin L Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Molly R Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shannon Bristow
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katherine S Young
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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22
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Rayner C, Coleman JRI, Skelton M, Armour C, Bradley J, Buckman JEJ, Davies MR, Hirsch CR, Hotopf M, Hübel C, Jones IR, Kalsi G, Kingston N, Krebs G, Lin Y, Monssen D, McIntosh AM, Mundy JR, Peel AJ, Rimes KA, Rogers HC, Smith DJ, Ter Kuile AR, Thompson KN, Veale D, Wingrove J, Walters JTR, Breen G, Eley TC. Patient characteristics associated with retrospectively self-reported treatment outcomes following psychological therapy for anxiety or depressive disorders - a cohort of GLAD study participants. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:719. [PMID: 36401199 PMCID: PMC9675224 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progress towards stratified care for anxiety and depression will require the identification of new predictors. We collected data on retrospectively self-reported therapeutic outcomes in adults who received psychological therapy in the UK in the past ten years. We aimed to replicate factors associated with traditional treatment outcome measures from the literature. METHODS Participants were from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study, a UK-based volunteer cohort study. We investigated associations between retrospectively self-reported outcomes following therapy, on a five-point scale (global rating of change; GRC) and a range of sociodemographic, clinical and therapy-related factors, using ordinal logistic regression models (n = 2890). RESULTS Four factors were associated with therapy outcomes (adjusted odds ratios, OR). One sociodemographic factor, having university-level education, was associated with favourable outcomes (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.18, 1.59). Two clinical factors, greater number of reported episodes of illness (OR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.97) and higher levels of personality disorder symptoms (OR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.87, 0.91), were associated with less favourable outcomes. Finally, reported regular use of additional therapeutic activities was associated with favourable outcomes (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.63). There were no statistically significant differences between fully adjusted multivariable and unadjusted univariable odds ratios. CONCLUSION Therapy outcome data can be collected quickly and inexpensively using retrospectively self-reported measures in large observational cohorts. Retrospectively self-reported therapy outcomes were associated with four factors previously reported in the literature. Similar data collected in larger observational cohorts may enable detection of novel associations with therapy outcomes, to generate new hypotheses, which can be followed up in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rayner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan R I Coleman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Research Centre for Stress Trauma & Related Conditions (STARC), School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John Bradley
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 7HB, London, UK
- iCope - Camden & Islington Psychological Therapies Services - Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, NW1 0PE, London, UK
| | - Molly R Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AZ, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian R Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Kingston
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AZ, London, UK
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jessica R Mundy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Katharine A Rimes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henry C Rogers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abigail R Ter Kuile
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katherine N Thompson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AZ, London, UK
| | - Janet Wingrove
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, SE5 8AZ, London, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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23
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Magalhães E, Ferreira C, Antunes C, Jongenelen I, Castro E. Stressful Events During Last Year, Violence and Anxiety and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model by Sex. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2022; 37:610-624. [PMID: 36192121 DOI: 10.1891/vv-2021-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The literature suggests that being subject to a stressful life and victimization may negatively affect mental health, and that women and men seem to differ in these variables. Nevertheless, neither the mediating role of victimization experiences in the relationship between stress and mental health, nor the moderated role of sex have been explored. A sample of 826 adults, aged from 18 to 77 years old, completed a set of self-reported questionnaires (69.4% women). Results revealed significant mediation effects of psychological violence on the relationship between stress, depression and anxiety. Participants who reported more stressful life events in the previous year, also reported higher psychological abuse, which in turn predicted higher depression and anxiety. Furthermore, the moderating effects of sex were found to be statistically significant. Results suggest that interventions should be tailored to individual needs in order to prevent secondary victimization derived from biased beliefs related to stress, violence and gender in professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Magalhães
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Emma Castro
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Devereux-Cooke A, Leary S, McGrath SJ, Northwood E, Redshaw A, Shepherd C, Stacey P, Tripp C, Wilson J, Mar M, Boobyer D, Bromiley S, Chowdhury S, Dransfield C, Almas M, Almelid Ø, Buchanan D, Garcia D, Ireland J, Kerr SM, Lewis I, McDowall E, Migdal M, Murray P, Perry D, Ponting CP, Vitart V, Wolfe JC. DecodeME: community recruitment for a large genetics study of myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 35854226 PMCID: PMC9294749 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a common, long-term condition characterised by post-exertional malaise, often with fatigue that is not significantly relieved by rest. ME/CFS has no confirmed diagnostic test or effective treatment and we lack knowledge of its causes. Identification of genes and cellular processes whose disruption adds to ME/CFS risk is a necessary first step towards development of effective therapy. METHODS Here we describe DecodeME, an ongoing study co-produced by people with lived experience of ME/CFS and scientists. Together we designed the study and obtained funding and are now recruiting up to 25,000 people in the UK with a clinical diagnosis of ME/CFS. Those eligible for the study are at least 16 years old, pass international study criteria, and lack any alternative diagnoses that can result in chronic fatigue. These will include 5,000 people whose ME/CFS diagnosis was a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Questionnaires are completed online or on paper. Participants' saliva DNA samples are acquired by post, which improves participation by more severely-affected individuals. Digital marketing and social media approaches resulted in 29,000 people with ME/CFS in the UK pre-registering their interest in participating. We will perform a genome-wide association study, comparing participants' genotypes with those from UK Biobank as controls. This should generate hypotheses regarding the genes, mechanisms and cell types contributing to ME/CFS disease aetiology. DISCUSSION The DecodeME study has been reviewed and given a favourable opinion by the North West - Liverpool Central Research Ethics Committee (21/NW/0169). Relevant documents will be available online ( www.decodeme.org.uk ). Genetic data will be disseminated as associated variants and genomic intervals, and as summary statistics. Results will be reported on the DecodeME website and via open access publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Devereux-Cooke
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Sian Leary
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Simon J McGrath
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma Northwood
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Redshaw
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Charles Shepherd
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Pippa Stacey
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Claire Tripp
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jim Wilson
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret Mar
- c/o DecodeME, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Sam Bromiley
- Action for ME, 42 Temple Street, Keynsham, BS31 1EH, UK
| | | | | | - Mohammed Almas
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Øyvind Almelid
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Buchanan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Diana Garcia
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Ireland
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Shona M Kerr
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Isabel Lewis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ewan McDowall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Malgorzata Migdal
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Phil Murray
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David Perry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jareth C Wolfe
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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25
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Matcham F, Leightley D, Siddi S, Lamers F, White KM, Annas P, de Girolamo G, Difrancesco S, Haro JM, Horsfall M, Ivan A, Lavelle G, Li Q, Lombardini F, Mohr DC, Narayan VA, Oetzmann C, Penninx BWJH, Bruce S, Nica R, Simblett SK, Wykes T, Brasen JC, Myin-Germeys I, Rintala A, Conde P, Dobson RJB, Folarin AA, Stewart C, Ranjan Y, Rashid Z, Cummins N, Manyakov NV, Vairavan S, Hotopf M. Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse in Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR-MDD): recruitment, retention, and data availability in a longitudinal remote measurement study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:136. [PMID: 35189842 PMCID: PMC8860359 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is prevalent, often chronic, and requires ongoing monitoring of symptoms to track response to treatment and identify early indicators of relapse. Remote Measurement Technologies (RMT) provide an opportunity to transform the measurement and management of MDD, via data collected from inbuilt smartphone sensors and wearable devices alongside app-based questionnaires and tasks. A key question for the field is the extent to which participants can adhere to research protocols and the completeness of data collected. We aimed to describe drop out and data completeness in a naturalistic multimodal longitudinal RMT study, in people with a history of recurrent MDD. We further aimed to determine whether those experiencing a depressive relapse at baseline contributed less complete data. METHODS Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse - Major Depressive Disorder (RADAR-MDD) is a multi-centre, prospective observational cohort study conducted as part of the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse - Central Nervous System (RADAR-CNS) program. People with a history of MDD were provided with a wrist-worn wearable device, and smartphone apps designed to: a) collect data from smartphone sensors; and b) deliver questionnaires, speech tasks, and cognitive assessments. Participants were followed-up for a minimum of 11 months and maximum of 24 months. RESULTS Individuals with a history of MDD (n = 623) were enrolled in the study,. We report 80% completion rates for primary outcome assessments across all follow-up timepoints. 79.8% of people participated for the maximum amount of time available and 20.2% withdrew prematurely. We found no evidence of an association between the severity of depression symptoms at baseline and the availability of data. In total, 110 participants had > 50% data available across all data types. CONCLUSIONS RADAR-MDD is the largest multimodal RMT study in the field of mental health. Here, we have shown that collecting RMT data from a clinical population is feasible. We found comparable levels of data availability in active and passive forms of data collection, demonstrating that both are feasible in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Matcham
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Daniel Leightley
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sara Siddi
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Femke Lamers
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katie M. White
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Annas
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Giovanni de Girolamo
- grid.419422.8IRCCS Instituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sonia Difrancesco
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melany Horsfall
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alina Ivan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Lavelle
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Qingqin Li
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Federica Lombardini
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David C. Mohr
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Narayan
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Psychiatry and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart Bruce
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764RADAR-CNS Patient Advisory Board, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Raluca Nica
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764RADAR-CNS Patient Advisory Board, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Sara K. Simblett
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aki Rintala
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.508322.eFaculty of Social and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland
| | - Pauline Conde
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Richard J. B. Dobson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Amos A. Folarin
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Callum Stewart
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Yatharth Ranjan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Zulqarnain Rashid
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Cummins
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.7307.30000 0001 2108 9006Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Srinivasan Vairavan
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ USA
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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26
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Warne N, Rook S, Bevan Jones R, Brown R, Bates L, Hopkins-Jones L, Evans A, Hall J, Langley K, Thapar A, Walters J, Murphy S, Moore G, Rice F, Collishaw S. Collecting genetic samples and linked mental health data from adolescents in schools: protocol coproduction and a mixed-methods pilot of feasibility and acceptability. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e049283. [PMID: 35105567 PMCID: PMC8808403 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To coproduce a school-based protocol and examine acceptability and feasibility of collecting saliva samples for genetic studies from secondary/high school students for the purpose of mental health research. DESIGN Protocol coproduction and mixed-methods feasibility pilot. SETTING Secondary schools in Wales, UK. PARTICIPANTS Students aged 11-13 years. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Coproduced research protocol including an interactive science workshop delivered in schools; school, parental and student recruitment rates; adherence to protocol and adverse events; ability to extract and genotype saliva samples; student enjoyment of the science workshop and qualitative analysis of teacher focus groups on acceptability and feasibility. RESULTS Five secondary schools participated in the coproduction phase, and three of these took part in the research study (eligible sample n=868 students). Four further schools were subsequently approached, but none participated. Parental opt-in consent was received from 98 parents (11.3% eligible sample), three parents (0.3%) actively refused and responses were not received for 767 (88.4%) parents. We obtained saliva samples plus consent for data linkage for 79 students. Only one sample was of insufficient quality to be genotyped. The science workshop received positive feedback from students. Feedback from teachers showed that undertaking research like this in schools is viewed as acceptable in principle, potentially feasible, but that there are important procedural barriers to be overcome. Key recommendations include establishing close working relationships between the research team and school classroom staff, together with improved methods for communicating with and engaging parents. CONCLUSIONS There are major challenges to undertaking large-scale genetic mental health research in secondary schools. Such research may be acceptable in principle, and in practice DNA collected from saliva in classrooms is of sufficient quality. However, key challenges that must be overcome include ensuring representative recruitment of schools and sufficient parental engagement where opt-in parental consent is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Warne
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Rook
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rhys Bevan Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Brown
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lesley Bates
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucinda Hopkins-Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexandra Evans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kate Langley
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Murphy
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephan Collishaw
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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27
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Di Gessa G, Maddock J, Green MJ, Thompson EJ, McElroy E, Davies HL, Mundy J, Stevenson AJ, Kwong ASF, Griffith GJ, Katikireddi SV, Niedzwiedz CL, Ploubidis GB, Fitzsimons E, Henderson M, Silverwood RJ, Chaturvedi N, Breen G, Steves CJ, Steptoe A, Porteous DJ, Patalay P. Pre-pandemic mental health and disruptions to healthcare, economic and housing outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK longitudinal studies. Br J Psychiatry 2022; 220:21-30. [PMID: 35045893 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2021.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives and livelihoods, and people already experiencing mental ill health may have been especially vulnerable. AIMS Quantify mental health inequalities in disruptions to healthcare, economic activity and housing. METHOD We examined data from 59 482 participants in 12 UK longitudinal studies with data collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Within each study, we estimated the association between psychological distress assessed pre-pandemic and disruptions since the start of the pandemic to healthcare (medication access, procedures or appointments), economic activity (employment, income or working hours) and housing (change of address or household composition). Estimates were pooled across studies. RESULTS Across the analysed data-sets, 28% to 77% of participants experienced at least one disruption, with 2.3-33.2% experiencing disruptions in two or more domains. We found 1 s.d. higher pre-pandemic psychological distress was associated with (a) increased odds of any healthcare disruptions (odds ratio (OR) 1.30, 95% CI 1.20-1.40), with fully adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.41) for disruption to procedures to 1.33 (95% CI 1.20-1.49) for disruptions to prescriptions or medication access; (b) loss of employment (odds ratio 1.13, 95% CI 1.06-1.21) and income (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 -1.19), and reductions in working hours/furlough (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) and (c) increased likelihood of experiencing a disruption in at least two domains (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.18-1.32) or in one domain (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07-1.16), relative to no disruption. There were no associations with housing disruptions (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97-1.03). CONCLUSIONS People experiencing psychological distress pre-pandemic were more likely to experience healthcare and economic disruptions, and clusters of disruptions across multiple domains during the pandemic. Failing to address these disruptions risks further widening mental health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Di Gessa
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Jane Maddock
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Michael J Green
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Ellen J Thompson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Eoin McElroy
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, UK
| | - Helena L Davies
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex S F Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK; and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - George B Ploubidis
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Emla Fitzsimons
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Morag Henderson
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Richard J Silverwood
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; and Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Praveetha Patalay
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, UK; and Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, UK
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28
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Davies MR, Buckman JEJ, Adey BN, Armour C, Bradley JR, Curzons SCB, Davies HL, Davis KAS, Goldsmith KA, Hirsch CR, Hotopf M, Hübel C, Jones IR, Kalsi G, Krebs G, Lin Y, Marsh I, McAtarsney-Kovacs M, McIntosh AM, Mundy J, Monssen D, Peel AJ, Rogers HC, Skelton M, Smith DJ, Ter Kuile A, Thompson KN, Veale D, Walters JTR, Zahn R, Breen G, Eley TC. Comparison of symptom-based versus self-reported diagnostic measures of anxiety and depression disorders in the GLAD and COPING cohorts. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 85:102491. [PMID: 34775166 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding and improving outcomes for people with anxiety or depression often requires large sample sizes. To increase participation and reduce costs, such research is typically unable to utilise "gold-standard" methods to ascertain diagnoses, instead relying on remote, self-report measures. AIMS Assess the comparability of remote diagnostic methods for anxiety and depression disorders commonly used in research. METHOD Participants from the UK-based GLAD and COPING NBR cohorts (N = 58,400) completed an online questionnaire between 2018 and 2020. Responses to detailed symptom reports were compared to DSM-5 criteria to generate symptom-based diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and agoraphobia. Participants also self-reported any prior diagnoses from health professionals, termed self-reported diagnoses. "Any anxiety" included participants with at least one anxiety disorder. Agreement was assessed by calculating accuracy, Cohen's kappa, McNemar's chi-squared, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS Agreement between diagnoses was moderate for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD, but varied by cohort. Agreement was slight to fair for the phobic disorders. Many participants with self-reported GAD did not receive a symptom-based diagnosis. In contrast, symptom-based diagnoses of the phobic disorders were more common than self-reported diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Agreement for MDD, any anxiety, and GAD was higher for cases in the case-enriched GLAD cohort and for controls in the general population COPING NBR cohort. For anxiety disorders, self-reported diagnoses classified most participants as having GAD, whereas symptom-based diagnoses distributed participants more evenly across the anxiety disorders. Further validation against gold standard measures is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joshua E J Buckman
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 7HB, UK; iCope - Camden and Islington Psychological Therapies Services, Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK
| | - Brett N Adey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chérie Armour
- Stress, Trauma & Related Conditions (STARC) research lab, School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast (QUB), Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susannah C B Curzons
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Helena L Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katrina A S Davis
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Kimberley A Goldsmith
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Colette R Hirsch
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian R Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Yuhao Lin
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Marsh
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monika McAtarsney-Kovacs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinurgh, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Henry C Rogers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Abigail Ter Kuile
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katherine N Thompson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Veale
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roland Zahn
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
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29
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Peel AJ, Armour C, Buckman JE, Coleman JR, Curzons SC, Davies MR, Hübel C, Jones I, Kalsi G, McAtarsney-Kovacs M, McIntosh AM, Monssen D, Mundy J, Rayner C, Rogers HC, Skelton M, ter Kuile A, Thompson KN, Breen G, Danese A, Eley TC. Comparison of depression and anxiety symptom networks in reporters and non-reporters of lifetime trauma in two samples of differing severity. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021; 6:100201. [PMID: 34988540 PMCID: PMC8689407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported trauma is associated with differences in the course and outcomes of depression and anxiety. However, no research has explored the association between reported trauma and patterns of clinically relevant symptoms of both depression and anxiety. METHODS We used network analysis to investigate associations between reported trauma and depression and anxiety symptom interactions in affected individuals from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study (n = 17720), and population volunteers from the UK Biobank (n = 11120). Participants with current moderate symptoms of depression or anxiety were grouped into reporters and non-reporters of lifetime trauma. Networks of 16 depression and anxiety symptoms in the two groups were compared using the network comparison test. RESULTS In the GLAD Study, networks of reporters and non-reporters of lifetime trauma did not differ on any metric. In the UK Biobank, the symptom network of reporters had significantly greater density (7.80) than the network of non-reporters (7.05). LIMITATIONS The data collected in the GLAD Study and the UK Biobank are self-reported with validated or semi-validated questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS Reported lifetime trauma was associated with stronger interactions between symptoms of depression and anxiety in population volunteers. Differences between reporters and non-reporters may not be observed in individuals with severe depression and/or anxiety due to limited variance in the presentation of disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J. Peel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Chérie Armour
- School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland
| | - Joshua E.J. Buckman
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness (CORE), Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- iCope – Camden and Islington Psychological Therapies Services, Camden & Islington NHS Foundation Trust, 4 St Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, UK
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Susannah C.B. Curzons
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Molly R. Davies
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Monika McAtarsney-Kovacs
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Dina Monssen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jessica Mundy
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Christopher Rayner
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Henry C. Rogers
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Abigail ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Katherine N. Thompson
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- National and Specialist CAMHS Trauma, Anxiety, and Depression Clinic, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience; King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London SE5 8AF, UK
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30
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Thompson KN, Hübel C, Cheesman R, Adey BN, Armour C, Davies MR, Hotopf M, Jones IR, Kalsi G, McIntosh AM, Monssen D, Peel AJ, Rogers HC, Skelton M, Smith DJ, Walters JTR, Breen G, Eley TC. Age and sex-related variability in the presentation of generalized anxiety and depression symptoms. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:1054-1065. [PMID: 34496112 DOI: 10.1002/da.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety and depression are extremely prevalent and debilitating. There is evidence for age and sex variability in symptoms of depression, but despite comorbidity it is unclear whether this extends to anxiety symptomatology. Studies using questionnaire sum scores typically fail to address this phenotypic complexity. METHOD We conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) items to identify latent factors of anxiety and depression in participants from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression Study (N = 35,637; 16-93 years). We assessed age- and sex-related variability in latent factors and individual symptoms using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Four factors of mood, worry, motor, and somatic symptoms were identified (comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.99, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.07, standardized root mean square residuals [SRMR] = 0.04). Symptoms of irritability (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81) were most strongly associated with younger age, and sleep change (OR = 1.14) with older age. Males were more likely to report mood and motor symptoms (p < .001) and females to report somatic symptoms (p < .001). CONCLUSION Significant age and sex variability suggest that classic diagnostic criteria reflect the presentation most commonly seen in younger males. This study provides avenues for diagnostic adaptation and factor-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine N Thompson
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brett N Adey
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Chérie Armour
- Stress, Trauma & Related Conditions (STARC) Research Lab, School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Molly R Davies
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Ian R Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dina Monssen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alicia J Peel
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
| | - Henry C Rogers
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Megan Skelton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - James T R Walters
- National Centre for Mental Health, Division of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
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31
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Kendall KM, Van Assche E, Andlauer TFM, Choi KW, Luykx JJ, Schulte EC, Lu Y. The genetic basis of major depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2217-2230. [PMID: 33682643 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common, debilitating, phenotypically heterogeneous disorder with heritability ranges from 30% to 50%. Compared to other psychiatric disorders, its high prevalence, moderate heritability, and strong polygenicity have posed major challenges for gene-mapping in MDD. Studies of common genetic variation in MDD, driven by large international collaborations such as the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, have confirmed the highly polygenic nature of the disorder and implicated over 100 genetic risk loci to date. Rare copy number variants associated with MDD risk were also recently identified. The goal of this review is to present a broad picture of our current understanding of the epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, molecular genetics, and gene-environment interplay in MDD. Insights into the impact of genetic factors on the aetiology of this complex disorder hold great promise for improving clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Kendall
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Van Assche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - T F M Andlauer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - K W Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA02114, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - J J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Outpatient Second Opinion Clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - E C Schulte
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Coleman JR. The Validity of Brief Phenotyping in Population Biobanks for Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Studies on the Biobank Scale. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 7:11-15. [PMID: 34883499 PMCID: PMC8443942 DOI: 10.1159/000516837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Fabbri C, Hagenaars SP, John C, Williams AT, Shrine N, Moles L, Hanscombe KB, Serretti A, Shepherd DJ, Free RC, Wain LV, Tobin MD, Lewis CM. Genetic and clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression using primary care records in two UK cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3363-3373. [PMID: 33753889 PMCID: PMC8505242 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major contributor to the disability caused by major depressive disorder (MDD). Primary care electronic health records provide an easily accessible approach to investigate TRD clinical and genetic characteristics. MDD defined from primary care records in UK Biobank (UKB) and EXCEED studies was compared with other measures of depression and tested for association with MDD polygenic risk score (PRS). Using prescribing records, TRD was defined from at least two switches between antidepressant drugs, each prescribed for at least 6 weeks. Clinical-demographic characteristics, SNP-based heritability (h2SNP) and genetic overlap with psychiatric and non-psychiatric traits were compared in TRD and non-TRD MDD cases. In 230,096 and 8926 UKB and EXCEED participants with primary care data, respectively, the prevalence of MDD was 8.7% and 14.2%, of which 13.2% and 13.5% was TRD, respectively. In both cohorts, MDD defined from primary care records was strongly associated with MDD PRS, and in UKB it showed overlap of 71-88% with other MDD definitions. In UKB, TRD vs healthy controls and non-TRD vs healthy controls h2SNP was comparable (0.25 [SE = 0.04] and 0.19 [SE = 0.02], respectively). TRD vs non-TRD was positively associated with the PRS of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with lower socio-economic status, obesity, higher neuroticism and other unfavourable clinical characteristics. This study demonstrated that MDD and TRD can be reliably defined using primary care records and provides the first large scale population assessment of the genetic, clinical and demographic characteristics of TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fabbri
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise Moles
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ken B Hanscombe
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David J Shepherd
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert C Free
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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34
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Murray GK, Lin T, Austin J, McGrath JJ, Hickie IB, Wray NR. Could Polygenic Risk Scores Be Useful in Psychiatry?: A Review. JAMA Psychiatry 2021; 78:210-219. [PMID: 33052393 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Polygenic risk scores (PRS) are predictors of the genetic susceptibility to diseases, calculated for individuals as weighted counts of thousands of risk variants in which the risk variants and their weights have been identified in genome-wide association studies. Polygenic risk scores show promise in aiding clinical decision-making in many areas of medical practice. This review evaluates the potential use of PRS in psychiatry. OBSERVATIONS On their own, PRS will never be able to establish or definitively predict a diagnosis of common complex conditions (eg, mental health disorders), because genetic factors only contribute part of the risk and PRS will only ever capture part of the genetic contribution. Combining PRS with other risk factors has potential to improve outcome prediction and aid clinical decision-making (eg, determining follow-up options for individuals seeking help who are at clinical risk of future illness). Prognostication of adverse physical health outcomes or response to treatment in clinical populations are of great interest for psychiatric practice, but data from larger samples are needed to develop and evaluate PRS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Polygenic risk scores will contribute to risk assessment in clinical psychiatry as it evolves to combine information from molecular, clinical, and lifestyle metrics. The genome-wide genotype data needed to calculate PRS are inexpensive to generate and could become available to psychiatrists as a by-product of practices in other medical specialties. The utility of PRS in clinical psychiatry, as well as ethical issues associated with their use, should be evaluated in the context of realistic expectations of what PRS can and cannot deliver. Clinical psychiatry has lagged behind other fields of health care in its use of new technologies and routine clinical data for research. Now is the time to catch up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham K Murray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Lin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jehannine Austin
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,BC Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John J McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia.,National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Forstner AJ, Hoffmann P, Nöthen MM, Cichon S. Insights into the genomics of affective disorders. MED GENET-BERLIN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2020-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Affective disorders, or mood disorders, are a group of neuropsychiatric illnesses that are characterized by a disturbance of mood or affect. Most genetic research in this field to date has focused on bipolar disorder and major depression. Symptoms of major depression include a depressed mood, reduced energy, and a loss of interest and enjoyment. Bipolar disorder is characterized by the occurrence of (hypo)manic episodes, which generally alternate with periods of depression. Formal and molecular genetic studies have demonstrated that affective disorders are multifactorial diseases, in which both genetic and environmental factors contribute to disease development. Twin and family studies have generated heritability estimates of 58–85 % for bipolar disorder and 40 % for major depression.
Large genome-wide association studies have provided important insights into the genetics of affective disorders via the identification of a number of common genetic risk factors. Based on these studies, the estimated overall contribution of common variants to the phenotypic variability (single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP]-based heritability) is 17–23 % for bipolar disorder and 9 % for major depression. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that the associated loci and implicated genes converge into specific pathways, including calcium signaling. Research suggests that rare copy number variants make a lower contribution to the development of affective disorders than to other psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia or the autism spectrum disorders, which would be compatible with their less pronounced negative impact on reproduction. However, the identification of rare sequence variants remains in its infancy, as available next-generation sequencing studies have been conducted in limited samples. Future research strategies will include the enlargement of genomic data sets via innovative recruitment strategies; functional analyses of known associated loci; and the development of new, etiologically based disease models. Researchers hope that deeper insights into the biological causes of affective disorders will eventually lead to improved diagnostics and disease prediction, as well as to the development of new preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies. Pharmacogenetics and the application of polygenic risk scores represent promising initial approaches to the future translation of genomic findings into psychiatric clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J. Forstner
- Centre for Human Genetics , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics , University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology , University Hospital Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine , University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1) , Research Center Jülich , Jülich , Germany
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Nick Martin and the Genetics of Depression: Sample Size, Sample Size, Sample Size. Twin Res Hum Genet 2020; 23:109-111. [PMID: 32383421 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nick Martin is a pioneer in recognizing the need for large sample size to study the complex, heterogeneous and polygenic disorders of common mental disorders. In the predigital era, questionnaires were mailed to thousands of twin pairs around Australia. Always quick to adopt new technology, Nick's studies progressed to phone interviews and then online. Moreover, Nick was early to recognize the value of collecting DNA samples. As genotyping technologies improved over the years, these twin and family cohorts were used for linkage, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies. These cohorts have underpinned many analyses to disentangle the complex web of genetic and lifestyle factors associated with mental health. With characteristic foresight, Nick is chief investigator of our Australian Genetics of Depression Study, which has recruited 16,000 people with self-reported depression (plus DNA samples) over a time frame of a few months - analyses are currently ongoing. The mantra of sample size, sample size, sample size has guided Nick's research over the last 30 years and continues to do so.
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Burden of depression in China, 1990-2017: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2017. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:95-101. [PMID: 32158012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in China has risen from the 15th leading cause of all-cause disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 1990 to the 10th in 2017. However, the burden of depression and the epidemiological trend in Chinese provinces remain unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and burden of depression among different sexes, ages, disease types and provincial administrative units in China. METHODS Based on a general analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) in 2017, we analyzed the age- sex- and province-specific prevalence and DALYs of depression in China from 1990 to 2017. RESULTS From 1990 to 2017, the all-age prevalence rate of depression per 100,000 rose from 3224.6 (95% UI:2976.6-3509.1) to 3990.5 (95% UI: 3667.8-4353.0), and the DALY rate per 100,000 rose from 525.1 (95% UI: 373.5-719.0) to 607.4 (95% UI: 427.7-820.2). The prevalence rate decreased in the population aged 5-54 years, and increased in the population aged over 55 years. In 2017, the prevalence rate of females (5039.6, 95% UI: 4630.0-5502.8) was significantly higher than that of males (2984.9, 95% UI: 2736.0-3265.3). The prevalence and DALY rate increased in all provinces. However, the age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate decreased in 31 provinces. CONCLUSIONS Depression has gradually become a major public health issue in China. The government should take measures to prevent the development of depression immediately. Women and the elderly are at high risk for depression.
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Spinhoven P, Cuijpers P, Hollon S. Cognitive-behavioural therapy and personalized treatment: An introduction to the special issue. Behav Res Ther 2020; 129:103595. [PMID: 32278474 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Spinhoven
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, and Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Steve Hollon
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Akdeniz G, Kavakci M, Gozugok M, Yalcinkaya S, Kucukay A, Sahutogullari B. A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:695. [PMID: 32760303 PMCID: PMC7373786 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new coronavirus disease began on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan/China and has caused a global outbreak in only a few months resulting in millions being infected. In conjunction with its' physical side effects, this outbreak also has a tremendous impact on psychology health. This study aims to assess the spread and frequency of protective behaviors, emotional and anxiety status among the Turkish population using a rapid survey during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online questionnaire was administered to 3,040 respondents between the ages of 18-30. This cross-sectional study was conducted from Apr 2 to Apr 8, 2020. While questions related to the outbreak were created by members of our neuroscience department, the Turkish version of the Abbreviated Beck Anxiety Inventory was included in our survey to measure anxiety status. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. We found that 90% of respondents report washing hands more frequently since the outbreak while %50 wear protective gloves. Respondents were more fearful of their relatives catching the coronavirus disease than they were of themselves catching it. In response to the question, "What are your emotions about the coronavirus?", 38% responded with "worried". There was a significant correlation between anxiety status and consumption information from the media about COVID-19. Individual early protection behaviors might slow transmission of the outbreak. Our results showed that the behavior of the participants has changed in predictable ways during the COVID-19 outbreak. Understanding how emotional responses such as fear and anxiety status vary and the specific factors that mediate it may help with the design of outbreak control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Akdeniz
- Department of Neuroscience, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.,Electroneurophysiology Lab, Department of Biophysics, and Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mariam Kavakci
- Department of Neuroscience, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muharrem Gozugok
- Department of Neuroscience, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semiha Yalcinkaya
- Department of Translational Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alper Kucukay
- Department of Neuroscience, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bilal Sahutogullari
- Department of Neuroscience, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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Golovina E, Vickers MH, Erb CD, O'Sullivan JM. GWAS SNPs Impact Shared Regulatory Pathways Amongst Multimorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Cognitive Functioning. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:560751. [PMID: 33192679 PMCID: PMC7649776 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.560751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological research has reported that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and unipolar depression (UD) are multimorbid conditions that are typically accompanied by cognitive advantages or deficits, suggesting that common biological mechanisms may underlie these phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with psychiatric disorders and cognitive functioning. However, the mechanisms by which these SNPs contribute to multimorbidities amongst psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes remains largely unknown. Objective: To identify shared regulatory mechanisms amongst multimorbid psychiatric disorders and cognitive functioning. Methods: We integrated data on 3D genome organization, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs), and pathway analyses to identify shared and specific regulatory impacts of 2,893 GWAS SNPs (p < 1 × 10-6) associated with ADHD, anxiety, BD, SCZ, UD, and cognitive functioning on genes and biological pathways. Drug-gene interaction analysis was performed to identify potential pharmacological impacts on these genes and pathways. Results: The analysis revealed 33 genes and 62 pathways that were commonly affected by tissue-specific gene regulatory interactions associated with all six phenotypes despite there being no common SNPs in our original dataset. The analysis of brain-specific regulatory connections revealed similar patterns at eQTL and eGene levels, but no pathways shared by all six phenotypes. Instead, pairwise overlaps and individualized pathways were identified for psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes in brain tissues. Conclusions: This study offers insight into the shared genes and biological pathways that are affected by tissue-specific regulatory impacts resulting from psychiatric- and cognition-associated genetic variants. These results provide limited support for the "p-factor" hypothesis for psychiatric disorders and potential mechanisms that explain drug side-effects. Our results highlight key biological pathways for development of therapies that target single or multiple psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Golovina
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark H Vickers
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
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