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Wang K, Wu W, Wang Q, Yang L, Bian X, Jiang X, Lv L, Yan R, Xia J, Han S, Li L. The negative effect of Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut microbiota on the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer in mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:932047. [PMID: 36312913 PMCID: PMC9614165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.932047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional relationship between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome has been well-documented. Here, we investigated the impact of Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic gut microbial reconstitution on the development of colitis-associated CRC (CAC). The results showed that post-antibiotic replenishment of A. muciniphila worsened the tumorigenesis of CAC as indicated by increased number of large (>2 mm in diameter) tumors and both average and total tumor diameters. Measures of intestinal barrier function showed that post-antibiotic A. muciniphila gavage damaged the intestinal barrier as reflected by lower transcriptional levels of Tjp1, Ocln, Cdh1, and MUC2. Impaired gut barrier was followed by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) translocation as indicated by higher level of serum LPS-binding protein (LBP). The increased colonic mRNA levels of Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α indicated that post-antibiotic A. muciniphila replenishment resulted in overactivated inflammatory environment in CAC. The analysis of the evolution of the microbial community during the progression of CAC showed that post-antibiotic supplementation of A. muciniphila led to a distinct microbial configuration when compared with other treatments characterized by enriched Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae, and depleted Bacteroidetes, which was accompanied by higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Furthermore, post-antibiotic A. muciniphila administration changed the bile acid (BA) metabolic profile as indicated by decreased concentrations of secondary BA (SBA), ω–murocholic acid (ωMCA), and murocholic acid (muroCA). In addition, the A. muciniphila supplementation after antibiotic pretreatment also impacted the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as evidenced by increased concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid. Our study surprisingly observed that A. muciniphila-mediated post-antibiotic reconstitution of the gut microbiota aggravated the CAC in mice. It might exert its effect by damaging the gut barrier, exacerbating inflammatory responses, disrupting the post-antibiotic recovery of the microbial community, and further influencing the metabolism of BA and SCFAs. These findings indicated that maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms is more crucial to health than replenishing a single beneficial microbe, and probiotics should be used with caution after antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Bian
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianwan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Han
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lanjuan Li,
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Yu CC, He C, Du YJ, Gao S, Lin YF, Wang SQ, Wang L, Wang J, Wang XS, Jiang T, Kong LH. Preventive electroacupuncture reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:916-923. [PMID: 33229729 PMCID: PMC8178792 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.297090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture can reduce cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease. However, whether electroacupuncture can prevent or alleviate the cognitive deficits in animal models of aging remains poorly understood. Studies have shown that disordered epigenetic modifications play a critical role in age-related cognitive decline. Therefore, we hypothesized that preventive electroacupuncture might improve cognitive functions during aging by regulating epigenetic modifications. A rat model of aging was produced by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg D-galactose for 8 weeks. Baihui and Shenshu acupoints were stimulated by electroacupuncture for 8 weeks from the first day of D-galactose administration. Preventive electroacupuncture alleviated memory impairment, decreased tau hyperphosphorylation, and reduced glycogen synthase kinase-3β protein and mRNA expression levels in the brainstem dorsal raphe nucleus, where intracellular neurofibrillary tangle lesions first occur. In addition, the DNA methylation level in the promoter region of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene was increased. The effects of preventive electroacupuncture were stronger than those of preventive acupuncture. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.4 mg/kg 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase that blocks epigenetic modifications, antagonized the effects of preventive electroacupuncture. Our results suggest that preventive electroacupuncture treatment alleviates cognitive impairment in aging rats probably by affecting the epigenetic modification of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β gene in the dorsal raphe nucleus. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China (approval No. HUCMS201712001) on November 28, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital; The 4th Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuan He
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Lin
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital; The 4th Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu-Qin Wang
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital; The 4th Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li-Hong Kong
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Liu T, Song X, Khan S, Li Y, Guo Z, Li C, Wang S, Dong W, Liu W, Wang B, Cao H. The gut microbiota at the intersection of bile acids and intestinal carcinogenesis: An old story, yet mesmerizing. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1780-1790. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Samiullah Khan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Chuqiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wenxiao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Wentian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General HospitalTianjin Medical University Tianjin China
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Somm E, Henry H, Bruce SJ, Bonnet N, Montandon SA, Niederländer NJ, Messina A, Aeby S, Rosikiewicz M, Fajas L, Sempoux C, Ferrari SL, Greub G, Pitteloud N. β-Klotho deficiency shifts the gut-liver bile acid axis and induces hepatic alterations in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E833-E847. [PMID: 29944388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Klotho (encoded by Klb) is an obligate coreceptor, mediating both fibroblast growth factor (FGF)15 and FGF21 signaling. Klb-/- mice are refractory to metabolic FGF15 and FGF21 action and exhibit derepressed (increased) bile acid (BA) synthesis. Here, we deeply phenotyped male Klb-/- mice on a pure C57BL/6J genetic background, fed a chow diet focusing on metabolic aspects. This aims to better understand the physiological consequences of concomitant FGF15 and FGF21 signaling deficiency, in particular on the gut-liver axis. Klb-/- mice present permanent growth restriction independent of adiposity and energy balance. Klb-/- mice also exhibit few changes in carbohydrate metabolism, combining normal gluco-tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and fasting response with increased gluconeogenic capacity and decreased glycogen mobilization. Livers of Klb-/- mice reveal pathologic features, including a proinflammatory status and initiation of fibrosis. These defects are associated to a massive shift in BA composition in the enterohepatic system and blood circulation featured by a large excess of microbiota-derived deoxycholic acid, classically known for its genotoxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, β-Klotho is a gatekeeper of hepatic integrity through direct action (mediating FGF21 anti-inflammatory signaling) and indirect mechanisms (mediating FGF15 signaling that maintains BA level and composition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Bruce
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Sophie A Montandon
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension, and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Nicolas J Niederländer
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Andrea Messina
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Marta Rosikiewicz
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Serge L Ferrari
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Vachon J, Pagé-Larivière F, Sirard MA, Rodriguez MJ, Levallois P, Campagna C. Availability, Quality, and Relevance of Toxicogenomics Data for Human Health Risk Assessment: A Scoping Review of the Literature on Trihalomethanes. Toxicol Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vachon
- Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 5B3
| | - Florence Pagé-Larivière
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Manuel J Rodriguez
- École Supérieure d’Aménagement du Territoire et de Développement Régional, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
- Chaire de Recherche CRSNG en Eau Potable, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Patrick Levallois
- Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 5B3
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
- Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec (CRCHUQ), Québec, Québec, Canada G1S 4L8
| | - Céline Campagna
- Direction de la Santé Environnementale et de la Toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec (INSPQ), Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 5B3
- Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Molina-Molina E, Lunardi Baccetto R, Calamita G, Palmieri VO, Portincasa P. Bile Acids and Cancer: Direct and Environmental-Dependent Effects. Ann Hepatol 2017; 16:s87-s105. [PMID: 29080344 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.5501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) regulate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, cholesterol and lipids but have also a key role as singalling molecules and in the modulation of epithelial cell proliferation, gene expression and metabolism. These homeostatic pathways, when disrupted, are able to promote local inflammation, systemic metabolic disorders and, ultimately, cancer. The effect of hydrophobic BAs, in particular, can be linked with cancer in several digestive (mainly oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, biliary tract, colon) and extra-digestive organs (i.e. prostate, breast) through a complex series of mechanisms including direct oxidative stress with DNA damage, apoptosis, epigenetic factors regulating gene expression, reduced/increased expression of nuclear receptors (mainly farnesoid X receptor, FXR) and altered composition of gut microbiota, also acting as a common interface between environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, exposure to toxics) and the molecular events promoting cancerogenesis. Primary prevention strategies (i.e. changes in dietary habits and lifestyle, reduced exposure to environmental toxics) mainly able to modulate gut microbiota and the epigenome, and the therapeutic use of hydrophilic BAs to counterbalance the negative effects of the more hydrophobic BAs might be, in the near future, part of useful tools for cancer prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emilio Molina-Molina
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Raquel Lunardi Baccetto
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Vincenzo O Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari. Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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Low concentrations of bromodichloromethane induce a toxicogenomic response in porcine embryos in vitro. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 66:44-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Assessment of global and gene-specific DNA methylation in rat liver and kidney in response to non-genotoxic carcinogen exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:203-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lsh Is Essential for Maintaining Global DNA Methylation Levels in Amphibia and Fish and Interacts Directly with Dnmt1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:740637. [PMID: 26491684 PMCID: PMC4600896 DOI: 10.1155/2015/740637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic genomes are methylated at cytosine bases in the context of CpG dinucleotides, a pattern which is maintained through cell division by the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1. Dramatic methylation losses are observed in plant and mouse cells lacking Lsh (lymphoid specific helicase), predominantly at repetitive sequences and gene promoters. However, the mechanism by which Lsh contributes to the maintenance of DNA methylation is unknown. Here we show that DNA methylation is lost in Lsh depleted frog and fish embryos, both of which exhibit developmental delay. Additionally, we show that both Lsh and Dnmt1 are associated with chromatin and that Lsh knockdown leads to a decreased Dnmt1-chromatin association. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments reveal that Lsh and Dnmt1 are found in the same protein complex, and pulldowns show this interaction is direct. Our data indicate that Lsh is usually diffuse in the nucleus but can be recruited to heterochromatin in a HP1α-dependent manner. These data together (a) show that the role of Lsh in DNA methylation is conserved in plants, amphibian, fish, and mice and (b) support a model in which Lsh contributes to Dnmt1 binding to chromatin, explaining how its loss can potentially lead to perturbations in DNA methylation maintenance.
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Demirel G, Alpertunga B, Ozden S. Role of fumonisin B1 on DNA methylation changes in rat kidney and liver cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1302-1310. [PMID: 25858139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.976714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (Nectriaceae) mold that contaminates maize and other agricultural products. Although the effects of FB1 on sphingolipid metabolism are clear, little is known about early molecular changes associated with FB1 carcinogenicity. OBJECTIVE Alteration on DNA methylation, as an early event in non-genotoxic carcinogenesis, may play an important role in the mechanism of FB1 toxiciy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dose-related effects of FB1 (1-50 µM for 24 h) on global DNA methylation by using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection (HPLC-UV/DAD) and CpG promoter methylation by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) were performed in rat liver (Clone 9) and rat kidney (NRK-52E) epithelial cells. RESULTS Cell viability reduction is 39% and 34% by the XTT test and LDH release in the growth medium is 32% and 26% at 200 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 and NRK-52E cells, respectively. No significant dose-related effects of FB1 on global DNA methylation which ranged from 4 to 5% were observed in both cells compared with controls. Promoter regions of c-myc gene were methylated (>33%) at 10 and 50 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 cells while it was unmethylated in NRK-52E cells. Promoter regions of p15 gene were unmethylated while VHL gene were found to be methylated (>33%) at 10, 25, and 50 µM and 10 and 50 µM of FB1 treatment in Clone 9 and NRK-52E cells, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Alteration in DNA methylation might play an important role in the toxicity of FB1 in risk assessment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goksun Demirel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Beyazit, Istanbul , Turkey
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Inoue I, Kato J, Tamai H, Iguchi M, Maekita T, Yoshimura N, Ichinose M. Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis as a risk factor for colonic neoplasms. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1485-1492. [PMID: 24587623 PMCID: PMC3925856 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To summarize the current views and insights on associations between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related chronic gastritis and colorectal neoplasm, we reviewed recent studies to clarify whether H. pylori infection/H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal neoplasm. Recent studies based on large databases with careful control for confounding variables have clearly demonstrated an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm associated with H. pylori infection. The correlation between H. pylori-related chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and colorectal neoplasm has only been examined in a limited number of studies. A recent large study using a national histopathological database, and our study based on the stage of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis as determined by serum levels of H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen, indicated that H. pylori-related CAG confers an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm, and more extensive atrophic gastritis will probably be associated with even higher risk of neoplasm. In addition, our study suggested that the activity of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is correlated with colorectal neoplasm risk. H. pylori-related chronic gastritis could be involved in an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm that appears to be enhanced by the progression of gastric atrophy and the presence of active inflammation.
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Qin W, Zhang K, Clarke K, Weiland T, Sauter ER. Methylation and miRNA effects of resveratrol on mammary tumors vs. normal tissue. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:270-7. [PMID: 24447120 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.868910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We reported that resveratrol decreased DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3b expression in vitro and demethylates tumor suppressor RASSF-1a in women at increased breast cancer risk. We investigated the effects of resveratrol on DNMT and miRNA expression in normal and tumor mammary tissue in a rodent model of estrogen dependent mammary carcinoma. Eighty-nine female ACI rats received estradiol plus: low dose (lo) resveratrol, high dose (hi) resveratrol, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza), a known inhibitor of DNMTs, or control (no additional treatment). After 21 wk of treatment, animals were sacrificed and mammary glands harvested. Matched tumor/normal tissues were available from 36 rats. DMNT3b (but not DNMT1) differed in tumor vs. normal tissue after lo (P = .04) and hi (P = .007) resveratrol and Aza treatment. With hi resveratrol, DNMT3b decreased in tumor but increased normal tissue. Hi resveratrol increased miR21, -129, -204, and -489 >twofold in tumor and decreased the same miRs in normal tissue 10-50% compared to control. There was an inverse association between DNMT3b and miR129, -204, and -489 in normal and/or tumor tissue. Treatment with resveratrol differentially influences tumor vs. normal tissue DNMT3b and miRNA expression. This mechanism of action of resveratrol to influence mammary carcinogenesis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Qin
- a Department of Surgery , University of Texas Health Science Center , Tyler , Texas , USA
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Liao J, Li XF, Zhou SC, Luo Y, Liu AL, Lu WQ. Bromodichloromethane induces cell proliferation in different tissues of male F344 rats by suppression of E-cadherin expression via hypermethylation or transcriptional activation of c-myc and cyclin D1. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:162-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Inoue I, Kato J, Yoshimura N, Maeda Y, Moribata K, Shingaki N, Deguchi H, Enomoto S, Maekita T, Ueda K, Iguchi M, Tamai H, Fujishiro M, Yamamichi N, Takeshita T, Ichinose M. Elevated risk of recurrent colorectal neoplasia with Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis: A follow-up study of patients with endoscopically resected colorectal neoplasia. Mol Clin Oncol 2012; 1:75-82. [PMID: 24649126 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2012.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous population-based case-control study, we demonstrated an elevated risk of colorectal neoplasia with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The present study investigated the effects of H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis on the development of colorectal neoplasia by analyzing the recurrence of colorectal neoplasia subsequent to endoscopic resection. Ninety-nine patients who had undergone endoscopic resection of colorectal neoplasia were monitored under colonoscopy, and the recurrence of colorectal neoplasia was prospectively investigated. The stage of H. pylori-associated chronic gastritis in each subject was evaluated using a combination of two serum tests: H. pylori antibody and pepsinogen. In the present cohort, colorectal neoplasia recurred at a rate of 15,296/100,000 person-years during the study period. After adjusting for the confounding factors, chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) was identified as an independent risk factor [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-5.57], while H. pylori-infected non-atrophic gastritis was not identified as an independent risk factor for recurrent colorectal neoplasia. Colorectal neoplasia recurred earlier and was significantly more frequent in patients with CAG (22,573/100,000 person-years) compared to patients without CAG (11,089/100,000 person-years; P=0.029, log-rank test). Patients with more extensive CAG showed a higher risk of recurrence. These results demonstrated a significant elevation of the risk of recurrent colorectal neoplasia with the establishment and progression of CAG, indicating the involvement of H. pylori infection in the development of colorectal neoplasia. The two serum tests were useful clinical markers for noninvasively evaluating the risk of each individual for recurrent colorectal neoplasia subsequent to endoscopic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Jun Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | | | - Yoshimasa Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Kosaku Moribata
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Naoki Shingaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Hisanobu Deguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Shotaro Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Takao Maekita
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Kazuki Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Mikitaka Iguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Hideyuki Tamai
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655
| | - Tatsuya Takeshita
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Masao Ichinose
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-0012
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Abstract
Animal and human data suggest a relationship between bile acids, especially secondary bile acids, and colorectal cancer. Ursodeoxycholic acid, a synthetic bile acid, has been shown in animal and in vitro studies to reduce the risk of colonic dysplasia and cancer development. Human trials have focused on patients with history of adenoma, inflammatory bowel disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis. Some studies suggest that ursodeoxycholic may reduce the colorectal cancer risk, but to date the studies are small, mostly retrospective, and lacking in solid evidence to support use of UDCA for colorectal cancer chemoprophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Carey
- Division of Hepatology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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Sales AJ, Biojone C, Terceti MS, Guimarães FS, Gomes MVM, Joca SRL. Antidepressant-like effect induced by systemic and intra-hippocampal administration of DNA methylation inhibitors. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1711-21. [PMID: 21585346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epigenetic modifications are thought to play an important role in the neurobiology of depression. Antidepressant treatment induces histone acetylation in the hippocampus, which is associated with transcriptional activation, whereas stress increases DNA methylation, which is associated with transcriptional repression. Because the specific involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of depressive-like behaviours is not yet known, we have investigated the effects induced by systemic or intra-hippocampal administration of inhibitors of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) in rats submitted to a range of behavioural tests. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats received i.p. injections of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-azaD, 0.1-0.8 mg·kg(-1) ), 5-azacytidine (5-azaC, 0.4-3.2 mg·kg(-1) ), imipramine (15 mg·kg(-1) ) or vehicle and were submitted to the forced swimming test (FST) or open field test (OFT). Other groups of rats received intra-hippocampal injection of DNMT inhibitors. KEY RESULTS Systemic administration of DNMT inhibitors induced a dose-dependent antidepressant-like effect, which was followed by decreased DNA methylation and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus. Hippocampal inhibition of DNA methylation induced similar behavioural effects. No treatment induced any locomotor effects in the OFT. Antidepressant-like effects of 5-azaD were confirmed in mice submitted to the FST or the tail suspension test. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Systemic, as well as hippocampal, inhibition of DNA methylation induced antidepressant-like effects. These effects could be associated with increased hippocampal expression of BDNF. Our data give further support to the hypothesis that DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in the development of depressive-like behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Sales
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Barra V, Schillaci T, Lentini L, Costa G, Di Leonardo A. Bypass of cell cycle arrest induced by transient DNMT1 post-transcriptional silencing triggers aneuploidy in human cells. Cell Div 2012; 7:2. [PMID: 22305267 PMCID: PMC3292948 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneuploidy has been acknowledged as a major source of genomic instability in cancer, and it is often considered the result of chromosome segregation errors including those caused by defects in genes controlling the mitotic spindle assembly, centrosome duplication and cell-cycle checkpoints. Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability has been also correlated with epigenetic alteration, however the molecular basis of this correlation is poorly understood. RESULTS To address the functional connection existing between epigenetic changes and aneuploidy, we used RNA-interference to silence the DNMT1 gene, encoding for a highly conserved member of the DNA methyl-transferases. DNMT1 depletion slowed down proliferation of near-diploid human tumor cells (HCT116) and triggered G1 arrest in primary human fibroblasts (IMR90), by inducing p53 stabilization and, in turn, p21waf1 transactivation. Remarkably, p53 increase was not caused by DNA damage and was not observed after p14-ARF post-transcriptional silencing. Interestingly, DNMT1 silenced cells with p53 or p14-ARF depleted did not arrest in G1 but, instead, underwent DNA hypomethylation and became aneuploid. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DNMT1 depletion triggers a p14ARF/p53 dependent cell cycle arrest to counteract the aneuploidy induced by changes in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Barra
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Science and Technology (STEMBIO) University of Palermo, Italy.
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18
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Zeng H, Yan L, Cheng WH, Uthus EO. Dietary selenomethionine increases exon-specific DNA methylation of the p53 gene in rat liver and colon mucosa. J Nutr 2011; 141:1464-8. [PMID: 21653573 DOI: 10.3945/jn.111.140715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of site-specific DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes has been considered as a leading mechanism by which certain nutrients exert their anticancer property. This study was to investigate whether selenium (Se) affects the methylation of globe genomic DNA and the exon-specific p53 gene. Three groups of rats (n = 6-7/group) were fed the AIN-93G basal diet supplemented with 0 [Se deficient (D)], 0.15 [Se adequate (A)], or 4 mg [Se supranutritional (S)] (Se as l-selenomethionine)/kg diet for 104 d, respectively. Rats fed the A or S diet had greater plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activity, liver thioredoxin reductase activity, and plasma homocysteine concentration than those fed the D diet. However, compared with the A diet, rats fed the S diet did not further increase these Se-dependent enzyme activities or homocysteine concentration. In contrast, Se concentrations in kidney, liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and plasma were increased in a Se-dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, rats fed the S diet had significantly less global liver genomic DNA methylation than those fed the D diet. However, the S diet significantly increased the methylation of the p53 gene (exons 5-8) but not the β-actin gene (exons 2-3) DNA in liver and colon mucosa compared with those fed the D diet. Taken together, long-term Se consumption not only affects selenoprotein enzyme activities, homocysteine, tissue Se concentrations, and global genomic DNA methylation but also increases exon-specific DNA methylation of the p53 gene in a Se-dose-dependent manner in rat liver and colon mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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19
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Inoue I, Mukoubayashi C, Yoshimura N, Niwa T, Deguchi H, Watanabe M, Enomoto S, Maekita T, Ueda K, Iguchi M, Yanaoka K, Tamai H, Arii K, Oka M, Fujishiro M, Takeshita T, Iwane M, Mohara O, Ichinose M. Elevated risk of colorectal adenoma with Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis: a population-based case-control study. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:2704-11. [PMID: 21225622 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated correlations between Helicobacter pylori infection or chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) and risk of colorectal adenoma in a population-based case-control study. Subjects comprised asymptomatic, middle-aged, male Japanese factory workers who participated in an annual health check-up program, including cancer screening with colonoscopy. We selected 239 colorectal adenoma cases based on histological evaluation and 239 age-matched adenoma-free controls, and evaluated colorectal adenoma risk according to stage of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis as determined by serum tests for H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen. Subjects with colorectal adenoma were more likely to be smokers and have hypercholesterolemia. H. pylori infection was a risk factor for adenoma as a whole (crude odds ratio [OR]: 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-3.55). Analysis of distal adenoma cases showed that adenoma risk was significantly increased in the presence of H. pylori infection, but there was no further increase in risk with CAG. In contrast, proximal adenoma risk increased stepwise with the presence and progression of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis and showed a maximal and significant increase with CAG (crude OR: 4.51, 95% CI: 1.43-14.2). Subjects with more extensive and severe gastritis showed still higher risk not only for proximal but also for distal adenoma. H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is likely to be involved in the development of colorectal neoplasms, and its progression appears to increase the risk, particularly for proximal adenomas. Knowing the H. pylori-related chronic gastritis stage will probably be useful for evaluation of risk for colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama, Japan.
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20
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zuo Z. DNA hypomethylation induced by tributyltin, triphenyltin, and a mixture of these in Sebastiscus marmoratus liver. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2009; 95:93-8. [PMID: 19782413 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) coexist in freshwater and marine environments. However, the effects of TBT, TPT, and a mixture of the two on DNA methylation in marine fish livers and the mechanism involved remain to be elucidated. Previous study have proved that abnormal methylation patterns are induced by the balance of transmethylation reaction including the tissue level of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) or the activity of DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Therefore, in the present study, we assessed their ability to cause hepatic DNA hypomethylation in Sebastiscus marmoratus liver and the related mechanism. The results showed that TBT, TPT, and a mixture of the two significantly induced DNA hypomethylation in the fish livers in a dose-dependent manner. Using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, we identified strong linear correlations between S-adenosylhomocysteine, S-adenosylmethionine, or the SAM to SAH ratio and the hepatic genome-wide 5-methylcytosine content of the DNA, but no correlation between the latter and the DNMT1 expression level. It is therefore proposed that the organotins hypomethylation induced in the marine fish livers was due to altering the balance of the substrate and the product in transmethylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coast and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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21
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Maronpot RR. Biological Basis of Differential Susceptibility to Hepatocarcinogenesis among Mouse Strains. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:11-33. [PMID: 22271974 PMCID: PMC3246016 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vast amount of literature related to mouse liver tumorigenesis generated over the past 60 years, not all of which has been captured here. The studies reported in this literature have generally been state of the art at the time they were carried out. A PubMed search on the topic "mouse liver tumors" covering the past 10 years yields over 7000 scientific papers. This review address several important topics related to the unresolved controversy regarding the relevance of mouse liver tumor responses observed in cancer bioassays. The inherent mouse strain differential sensitivities to hepatocarcinogenesis largely parallel the strain susceptibility to chemically induced liver neoplasia. The effects of phenobarbital and halogenated hydrocarbons in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis have been summarized because of recurring interest and numerous publications on these topics. No single simple paradigm fully explains differential mouse strain responses, which can vary more than 50-fold among inbred strains. In addition to inherent genetics, modifying factors including cell cycle balance, enzyme induction, DNA methylation, oncogenes and suppressor genes, diet, and intercellular communication influence susceptibility to spontaneous and induced mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Comments are offered on the evaluation, interpretation, and relevance of mouse liver tumor responses in the context of cancer bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Maronpot
- Maronpot Consulting, LLC, 1612 Medfield Road, Raleigh, NC 27607-4726, USA
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22
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Aniagu SO, Williams TD, Chipman JK. Changes in gene expression and assessment of DNA methylation in primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells exposed to the environmental contaminants-Hexabromocyclododecane and 17-beta oestradiol. Toxicology 2008; 256:143-51. [PMID: 19027819 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of two putative non-genotoxic hepatic carcinogens, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 17-beta oestradiol (E(2)) on global and CpG promoter DNA methylation in both primary human hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The mRNA gene expression levels of genes involved particularly in cell cycle were also evaluated and potential correlation with DNA methylation status examined. HBCD at 0.03 and 0.3 ng/mL did not produce statistically significant differences in global genomic methylation. However, E(2) (0.1 ng/mL) significantly lowered global DNA methylation levels in HepG2 cells by approximately 65% (P<0.01). In primary hepatocytes, the promoter regions of N-cym and ERalpha were methylated in both control and treated groups, signifying lack of promoter demethylation by both HBCD and E(2). Furthermore, CpG promoter methylation of RB1 was observed in HepG2 cells but this was unaffected by treatments. The remaining genes (p16, C-myc, H-ras, THRalpha, histone H3, TBK1 and TNFRalpha) were unmethylated in their CpG promoter regions in both test systems. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that HBCD at 0.03 ng/mL up-regulated the expression of N-cym whereas E(2) up-regulated the expression of ERalpha and THRalpha genes in primary hepatocytes. In HepG2 cells, the mRNA gene expression levels of p16, RB1 and N-cym were significantly down regulated by HBCD (0.03 ng/mL) and E(2) (0.1 ng/mL) while HBCD at 0.3 ng/mL, significantly down regulated the expression levels of N-cym, ERalpha and ERbeta genes. Thus, while both HBCD and E(2) may alter the expression of certain genes involved in proliferation, the mechanisms appear unrelated to DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley O Aniagu
- School of Biosciences, the University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum lack detectable DNA cytosine methylation. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2008; 7:537-40. [PMID: 18178772 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00448-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors play a role in the expression of virulence traits in Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan genomes encode putative DNA cytosine methylation enzymes. To assess the presence of cytosine methylation of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum DNA, we used mass spectrometry analysis and confirmed that these organisms lack detectable methylcytosine in their DNA.
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Umemura T, Kuroiwa Y, Tasaki M, Okamura T, Ishii Y, Kodama Y, Nohmi T, Mitsumori K, Nishikawa A, Hirose M. Detection of oxidative DNA damage, cell proliferation and in vivo mutagenicity induced by dicyclanil, a non-genotoxic carcinogen, using gpt delta mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 633:46-54. [PMID: 17581771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain whether measurement of possible contributing factors to carcinogenesis concurrently with the transgenic mutation assay is useful to understand the mode of action underlying tumorigenesis of non-genotoxic carcinogens, male and female gpt delta mice were given dicyclanil (DC), a mouse hepatocarcinogen showing all negative results in various genotoxicity tests, at a carcinogenic dose for 13 weeks. Together with gpt and Spi(-) mutations, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices (BrdU-LIs) in the livers were examined. Whereas there were no changes in TBARS levels among the groups, significant increases in 8-OHdG levels and centrilobular hepatocyte hypertrophy were observed in the treated mice of both genders. In contrast, BrdU-LIs and liver weights for the treated females, but not the males were significantly higher than those for the controls. Likewise, the gpt mutant frequencies (MFs) in the treated females were significantly elevated, GC:TA transversion mutations being predominant. No significant alterations were found in the gpt MFs of the males and the Spi(-) MFs of both sexes. The results for the transgenic mutation assays were consistent with DC carcinogenicity in terms of the sex specificity for females. Considering that 8-OHdG induces GC:TA transversion mutations by mispairing with A bases, it is likely that cells with high proliferation rates and a large amounts of 8-OHdG come to harbor mutations at high incidence. This is the first report demonstrating DC-induced genotoxicity, the results implying that examination of carcinogenic parameters concomitantly with reporter gene mutation assays is able to provide crucial information to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of so-called non-genotoxic carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Umemura
- Divisions of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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O'Keefe SJD, Chung D, Mahmoud N, Sepulveda AR, Manafe M, Arch J, Adada H, van der Merwe T. Why do African Americans get more colon cancer than Native Africans? J Nutr 2007; 137:175S-182S. [PMID: 17182822 DOI: 10.1093/jn/137.1.175s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is dramatically higher in African Americans (AAs) than in Native Africans (NAs) (60:100,000 vs. <1:100,000) and slightly higher than in Caucasian Americans (CAs). To explore whether the difference could be explained by interactions between diet and colonic bacterial flora, we compared randomly selected samples of healthy 50- to 65-y-old AAs (n = 17) with NAs (n = 18) and CAs (n = 17). Diet was measured by 3-d recall, and colonic metabolism by breath hydrogen and methane responses to oral lactulose. Fecal samples were cultured for 7-alpha dehydroxylating bacteria and Lactobacillus plantarum. Colonoscopic mucosal biopsies were taken to measure proliferation rates. In comparison with NAs, AAs consumed more (P < 0.01) protein (94 +/- 9.3 vs. 58 +/- 4.1 g/d) and fat (114 +/- 11.2 vs. 38 +/- 3.0 g/d), meat, saturated fat, and cholesterol. However, they also consumed more (P < 0.05) calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C, and fiber intake was the same. Breath hydrogen was higher (P < 0.0001) and methane lower in AAs, and fecal colony counts of 7-alpha dehydroxylating bacteria were higher and of Lactobacilli were lower. Colonic crypt cell proliferation rates were dramatically higher in AAs (21.8 +/- 1.1% vs. 3.2 +/- 0.8% labeling, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the higher CRC risk and mucosal proliferation rates in AAs than in NAs were associated with higher dietary intakes of animal products and higher colonic populations of potentially toxic hydrogen and secondary bile-salt-producing bacteria. This supports our hypothesis that CRC risk is determined by interactions between the external (dietary) and internal (bacterial) environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J D O'Keefe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Caldwell JC, Keshava N. Key issues in the modes of action and effects of trichloroethylene metabolites for liver and kidney tumorigenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2006; 114:1457-63. [PMID: 16966105 PMCID: PMC1570066 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure has been associated with increased risk of liver and kidney cancer in both laboratory animal and epidemiologic studies. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2001 draft TCE risk assessment concluded that it is difficult to determine which TCE metabolites may be responsible for these effects, the key events involved in their modes of action (MOAs) , and the relevance of these MOAs to humans. In this article, which is part of a mini-monograph on key issues in the health risk assessment of TCE, we present a review of recently published scientific literature examining the effects of TCE metabolites in the context of the preceding questions. Studies of the TCE metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA) , trichloroacetic acid (TCA) , and chloral hydrate suggest that both DCA and TCA are involved in TCE-induced liver tumorigenesis and that many DCA effects are consistent with conditions that increase the risk of liver cancer in humans. Studies of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl) -l-cysteine have revealed a number of different possible cell signaling effects that may be related to kidney tumorigenesis at lower concentrations than those leading to cytotoxicity. Recent studies of trichloroethanol exploring an alternative hypothesis for kidney tumorigenesis have failed to establish the formation of formate as a key event for TCE-induced kidney tumors. Overall, although MOAs and key events for TCE-induced liver and kidney tumors have yet to be definitively established, these results support the likelihood that toxicity is due to multiple metabolites through several MOAs, none of which appear to be irrelevant to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Caldwell
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
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Nie AY, McMillian M, Parker JB, Leone A, Bryant S, Yieh L, Bittner A, Nelson J, Carmen A, Wan J, Lord PG. Predictive toxicogenomics approaches reveal underlying molecular mechanisms of nongenotoxic carcinogenicity. Mol Carcinog 2006; 45:914-33. [PMID: 16921489 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Toxicogenomics technology defines toxicity gene expression signatures for early predictions and hypotheses generation for mechanistic studies, which are important approaches for evaluating toxicity of drug candidate compounds. A large gene expression database built using cDNA microarrays and liver samples treated with over one hundred paradigm compounds was mined to determine gene expression signatures for nongenotoxic carcinogens (NGTCs). Data were obtained from male rats treated for 24 h. Training/testing sets of 24 NGTCs and 28 noncarcinogens were used to select genes. A semiexhaustive, nonredundant gene selection algorithm yielded six genes (nuclear transport factor 2, NUTF2; progesterone receptor membrane component 1, Pgrmc1; liver uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase, phenobarbital-inducible form, UDPGTr2; metallothionein 1A, MT1A; suppressor of lin-12 homolog, Sel1h; and methionine adenosyltransferase 1, alpha, Mat1a), which identified NGTCs with 88.5% prediction accuracy estimated by cross-validation. This six genes signature set also predicted NGTCs with 84% accuracy when samples were hybridized to commercially available CodeLink oligo-based microarrays. To unveil molecular mechanisms of nongenotoxic carcinogenesis, 125 differentially expressed genes (P<0.01) were selected by Student's t-test. These genes appear biologically relevant, of 71 well-annotated genes from these 125 genes, 62 were overrepresented in five biochemical pathway networks (most linked to cancer), and all of these networks were linked by one gene, c-myc. Gene expression profiling at early time points accurately predicts NGTC potential of compounds, and the same data can be mined effectively for other toxicity signatures. Predictive genes confirm prior work and suggest pathways critical for early stages of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Y Nie
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
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Hayatsu H. Bisulfite Modification of Cytosine and 5-Methylcytosine as used in Epigenetic Studies. Genes Environ 2006. [DOI: 10.3123/jemsge.28.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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29
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Ong TP, Heidor R, de Conti A, Dagli MLZ, Moreno FS. Farnesol and geraniol chemopreventive activities during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis involve similar actions on cell proliferation and DNA damage, but distinct actions on apoptosis, plasma cholesterol and HMGCoA reductase. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:1194-203. [PMID: 16332721 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemopreventive activities of farnesol (FOH) and geraniol (GOH) were evaluated during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis. Rats received during eight consecutive weeks 25 mg/100 g body weight FOH (FOH group) or GOH (GOH group), or only corn oil (CO group, controls). Incidence (%) and mean number of visible hepatocyte nodules/animal were inhibited in FOH group (13% and 4 +/- 1; P < 0.05), but not in GOH group (42% and 18 +/- 17, P > 0.05), compared to CO group (100% and 42 +/- 17). Mean area (mm2) and % liver section area occupied by total hepatic placental glutathione S-transferase positive preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) were reduced in FOH group (0.09 +/- 0.06; 2.8 +/- 1.3; P < 0.05) compared to CO group (0.18 +/- 0.12; 10.0 +/- 2.8), while in GOH group only the mean area of these PNL was reduced (0.11 +/- 0.09; P < 0.05), but not the % liver section area occupied by them (5.1 +/- 1.1; P > 0.05). Compared to CO group, FOH and GOH groups showed reduced (P < 0.05) PNL cell proliferation and DNA damage, but only GOH group showed increased PNL apoptosis (P < 0.05). FOH group, but not GOH group, presented reduced (P < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol levels and increased (P < 0.05) hepatic levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase mRNA, compared to CO group. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed between CO, FOH and GOH regarding hepatic levels of farnesoid X activated receptor (FXR) protein. Results indicate that FOH and GOH could represent promising chemopreventive agents against hepatocarcinogenesis. Inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA damage relate to both isoprenoids' anticarcinogenic actions while induction of apoptosis specifically relates to GOH protective actions. Inhibition of HMGCoA reductase activity could be associated with FOH, but not GOH anticarcinogenic actions. FXR does not seem to be involved in the isoprenoids' chemopreventive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Prates Ong
- Laboratory of Diet, Nutrition and Cancer, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
Secondary bile acids, produced solely by intestinal bacteria, can accumulate to high levels in the enterohepatic circulation of some individuals and may contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer, gallstones, and other gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Bile salt hydrolysis and hydroxy group dehydrogenation reactions are carried out by a broad spectrum of intestinal anaerobic bacteria, whereas bile acid 7-dehydroxylation appears restricted to a limited number of intestinal anaerobes representing a small fraction of the total colonic flora. Microbial enzymes modifying bile salts differ between species with respect to pH optima, enzyme kinetics, substrate specificity, cellular location, and possibly physiological function. Crystallization, site-directed mutagenesis, and comparisons of protein secondary structure have provided insight into the mechanisms of several bile acid-biotransforming enzymatic reactions. Molecular cloning of genes encoding bile salt-modifying enzymes has facilitated the understanding of the genetic organization of these pathways and is a means of developing probes for the detection of bile salt-modifying bacteria. The potential exists for altering the bile acid pool by targeting key enzymes in the 7alpha/beta-dehydroxylation pathway through the development of pharmaceuticals or sequestering bile acids biologically in probiotic bacteria, which may result in their effective removal from the host after excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Tao L, Wang W, Li L, Kramer PK, Pereira MA. DNA hypomethylation induced by drinking water disinfection by-products in mouse and rat kidney. Toxicol Sci 2005; 87:344-52. [PMID: 16014735 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodichloromethane (BDCM), chloroform, dibromoacetic acid (DBA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are chlorine disinfection by-products (DBPs) found in drinking water that have indicated renal carcinogenic and/or tumor promoting activity. We have reported that the DBPs caused DNA hypomethylation in mouse liver, which correlated with their carcinogenic and tumor promoting activity. In this study, we determined their ability to cause renal DNA hypomethylation. B6C3F1 mice were administered DCA or TCA concurrently with/without chloroform in their drinking water for 7 days. In male, but not female mouse kidney, DCA, TCA, and to a lesser extent, chloroform decreased the methylation of DNA and the c-myc gene. Coadministering chloroform increased DCA but not TCA-induced DNA hypomethylation. DBA and BDCM caused renal DNA hypomethylation in both male B6C3F1 mice and Fischer 344 rats. We have reported that, in mouse liver, methionine prevented DCA- and TCA-induced hypomethylation of the c-myc gene. To determine whether it would also prevent hypomethylation in the kidneys, male mice were administered methionine in their diet concurrently with DCA or TCA in their drinking water. Methionine prevented both DCA- and TCA-induced hypomethylation of the c-myc gene. The ability of the DBPs to cause hypomethylation of DNA and of the c-myc gene correlated with their carcinogenic and tumor promoting activity in mouse and rat kidney, which should be taken into consideration as part of their risk assessment. That methionine prevents DCA- and TCA-induced hypomethylation of the c-myc gene would suggest it could prevent their carcinogenic activity in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhui Tao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
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