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Adnan A, Hongya W, Ali F, Khalid M, Alghushairy O, Alsini R. A bi-layer model for identification of piwiRNA using deep neural learning. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5725-5733. [PMID: 37608578 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2243523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
piwiRNA is a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that cannot be translated into proteins. It helps in understanding the study of gametes generation and regulation of gene expression over both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. piwiRNA has the function of instructing deadenylation, animal fertility, silencing transposons, fighting viruses, and regulating endogenous genes. Due to the great significance of piwiRNA, prediction of piwiRNA is essential for crucial cellular functions. Several predictors were established for prediction of piwiRNA. However, improving the prediction of piwiRNA is highly desirable. In the current study, we developed a more promising predictor named, BLP-piwiRNA. The features are explored by reverse complement k-mer, gapped-k-mer composition, and k-mer composition. The feature set of all descriptors is fused and the best features are selected by cascade and relief feature selection strategies. The best feature sets are provided to random forest (RF), deep neural network (DNN), and support vector machine (SVM). The models validation are examined by 10-fold test. DNN with optimal features of Cascade feature selection approach secured the highest prediction results. The results illustrate that BLP-piwiRNA effectively outperforms the existing studies. The proposed approach would be beneficial for both research community and drug development industry. BLP-piwiRNA would serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Adnan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Hongya
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Farman Ali
- Department of Software Engineering, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majdi Khalid
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computers and Information Systems, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Alghushairy
- Department of Information Systems and Technology, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Alsini
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Kunnummal M, Raveendran PS, Basu B, Rani SV, Paul RA, Kuppusamy K, Angelin M, Issac J, James J, Das AV. HPV16 E6/E7-mediated regulation of PiwiL1 expression induces tumorigenesis in cervical cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:917-937. [PMID: 38036929 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE PiwiL1 has been reported to be over-expressed in many cancers. However, the molecular mechanism by which these proteins contribute to tumorigenesis and their regulation in cancer cells is still unclear. We intend to understand the role of PiwiL1 in tumorigenesis and also its regulation in cervical cells. METHODS We studied the effect of loss of PiwiL1 function on tumor properties of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Also we have looked into the effect of PiwiL1 overexpression in the malignant transformation of normal cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further RNA-seq and RIP-seq analyses were done to get insight of the direct and indirect targets of PiwiL1 in the cervical cancer cells. RESULTS Here, we report that PiwiL1 is not only over-expressed, but also play a major role in tumor induction and progression. Abolition of PiwiL1 in CaSki cells led to a decrease in the tumor-associated properties, whereas, its upregulation conferred malignant transformation of normal HaCaT cells. Our study delineates a new link between HPV oncogenes, E6 and E7 with PiwiL1. p53 and E2F1 directly bind and differentially regulate PiwiL1 promoter in a context-dependant manner. Further, RNA-seq together with RIP-RNA-seq suggested a strong and direct role for PiwiL1 in promoting metastasis in cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that PiwiL1 act as an oncogene in cervical cancer by inducing tumor-associated properties and EMT pathway. The finding that HPV oncogenes, E6/E7 can positively regulate PiwiL1 suggests a possible mechanism behind HPV-mediated tumorigenesis in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pooja Sherly Raveendran
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Budhaditya Basu
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Sheri Vidya Rani
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Riya Ann Paul
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Krithiga Kuppusamy
- Bioscience Research and Training Centre, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Thonnakkal, Thiruvananthapuram, 695317, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Joby Issac
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India
| | - Jackson James
- Neuro Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695 014, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (DBT-RGCB), Thycaud. P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-14, Kerala, India.
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Deng X, Liao T, Xie J, Kang D, He Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Jiang Y, Miao X, Yan Y, Tang H, Zhu L, Zou Y, Liu P. The burgeoning importance of PIWI-interacting RNAs in cancer progression. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:653-662. [PMID: 38198029 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that specifically bind to piwi protein family members to exert regulatory functions in germ cells. Recent studies have found that piRNAs, as tissue-specific molecules, both play oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles in cancer progression, including cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness. Additionally, the atypical manifestation of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in various malignancies presents a promising strategy for the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and management of tumors. Nonetheless, the precise functions of piRNAs in cancer progression and their underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully comprehended. This review aims to examine current research on the biogenesis and functions of piRNA and its burgeoning importance in cancer progression, thereby offering novel perspectives on the potential utilization of piRNAs and piwi proteins in the management and treatment of advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Tianle Liao
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jindong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Da Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhangling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongluo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuan Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yixuan Yan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510062, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lewei Zhu
- The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Yutian Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Chen CC, Chan YM, Jeong H. LSTM4piRNA: Efficient piRNA Detection in Large-Scale Genome Databases Using a Deep Learning-Based LSTM Network. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15681. [PMID: 37958663 PMCID: PMC10649320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a new class of small, non-coding RNAs, crucial in the regulation of gene expression. Recent research has revealed links between piRNAs, viral defense mechanisms, and certain human cancers. Due to their clinical potential, there is a great interest in identifying piRNAs from large genome databases through efficient computational methods. However, piRNAs lack conserved structure and sequence homology across species, which makes piRNA detection challenging. Current detection algorithms heavily rely on manually crafted features, which may overlook or improperly use certain features. Furthermore, there is a lack of suitable computational tools for analyzing large-scale databases and accurately identifying piRNAs. To address these issues, we propose LSTM4piRNA, a highly efficient deep learning-based method for predicting piRNAs in large-scale genome databases. LSTM4piRNA utilizes a compact LSTM network that can effectively analyze RNA sequences from extensive datasets to detect piRNAs. It can automatically learn the dependencies among RNA sequences, and regularization is further integrated to reduce the generalization error. Comprehensive performance evaluations based on piRNAs from the piRBase database demonstrate that LSTM4piRNA outperforms current advanced methods and is well-suited for analysis with large-scale databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | | | - Hyundoo Jeong
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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Ren R, Tan H, Huang Z, Wang Y, Yang B. Differential expression and correlation of immunoregulation related piRNA in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175924. [PMID: 37325646 PMCID: PMC10266269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have recently been associated with germline development and many human diseases, their expression pattern and relationship in autoimmune diseases remain indistinct. This study aimed to investigate the presence and correlation of piRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods We first analyzed the expression profile of piRNAs using small RNA sequencing in peripheral leukocytes of three new-onset untreated RA patients and three healthy controls (HCs). We then selected piRNAs related to immunoregulation by bioinformatics analysis and verified them in 42 new-onset RA patients and 81 HCs by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to quantify the diagnostic performance of these piRNAs. A correlation analysis was conducted to observe the link between piRNA expression and RA clinical characteristics. Results A total of 15 upregulated and 9 downregulated piRNAs among 1,565 known piRNAs were identified in peripheral leukocytes of RA patients. Dysregulated piRNAs were enriched in numerous pathways related to immunity. After selection and validation, two immunoregulation piRNAs (piR-hsa-27620 and piR-hsa-27124) were significantly elevated in RA patients and have good abilities to distinguish patients from controls, which have the potential to serve as biomarkers. PIWI and other proteins implicated in the piRNA pathway were also associated with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Limanówka P, Ochman B, Świętochowska E. PiRNA Obtained through Liquid Biopsy as a Possible Cancer Biomarker. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111895. [PMID: 37296747 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have gained the interest of scientists, mainly because of their possible implications in cancer. Many kinds of research showed how their expression can be linked to malignant diseases. However, most of them evaluated the expression of piRNAs in tumor tissues. It was shown how these non-coding RNAs can interfere with many signaling pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation or apoptosis. A comparison of piRNA expression in tumor tissue and adjacent healthy tissues has demonstrated they can be used as biomarkers. However, this way of obtaining samples has a significant drawback, which is the invasiveness of such a procedure. Liquid biopsy is an alternative for acquiring biological material with little to no harm to a patient. Several different piRNAs in various types of cancer were shown to be expressed in bodily fluids such as blood or urine. Furthermore, their expression significantly differed between cancer patients and healthy individuals. Hence, this review aimed to assess the possible use of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis with piRNAs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Limanówka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Błażej Ochman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 19 Jordana, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Cimmino G, Conte S, Palumbo D, Sperlongano S, Torella M, Della Corte A, Golino P. The Novel Role of Noncoding RNAs in Modulating Platelet Function: Implications in Activation and Aggregation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087650. [PMID: 37108819 PMCID: PMC10144470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that plaque complication, with the consequent superimposed thrombosis, is a key factor in the clinical occurrence of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Platelets are major players in this process. Despite the considerable progress made by the new antithrombotic strategies (P2Y12 receptor inhibitors, new oral anticoagulants, thrombin direct inhibitors, etc.) in terms of a reduction in major cardiovascular events, a significant number of patients with previous ACSs treated with these drugs continue to experience events, indicating that the mechanisms of platelet remain largely unknown. In the last decade, our knowledge of platelet pathophysiology has improved. It has been reported that, in response to physiological and pathological stimuli, platelet activation is accompanied by de novo protein synthesis, through a rapid and particularly well-regulated translation of resident mRNAs of megakaryocytic derivation. Although the platelets are anucleate, they indeed contain an important fraction of mRNAs that can be quickly used for protein synthesis following their activation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of platelet activation and the interaction with the main cellular components of the vascular wall will open up new perspectives in the treatment of the majority of thrombotic disorders, such as ACSs, stroke, and peripheral artery diseases before and after the acute event. In the present review, we will discuss the novel role of noncoding RNAs in modulating platelet function, highlighting the possible implications in activation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Conte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Lung Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Sperlongano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Torella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Golino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, L. Bianchi Street, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Zhou J, Xie H, Liu J, Huang R, Xiang Y, Tian D, Bian E. PIWI-interacting RNAs: Critical roles and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216189. [PMID: 37076042 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a novel class of small regulatory RNAs (approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length) that often bind to members of the PIWI protein family. piRNAs regulate transposons in animal germ cells; piRNAs are also specifically expressed in many human tissues and regulate pivotal signaling pathways. Additionally, the abnormal expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins has been associated with various malignant tumours, and multiple mechanisms of piRNA-mediated target gene dysregulation are involved in tumourigenesis and progression, suggesting that they have the potential to serve as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumours. However, the functions and potential mechanisms of action of piRNAs in cancer have not yet been elucidated. This review summarises the current findings on the biogenesis, function, and mechanisms of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in cancer. We also discuss the clinical significance of piRNAs as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic tools for cancer. Finally, we present some critical questions regarding piRNA research that need to be addressed to provide insight into the future development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medical, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Han Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ruixiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yufei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Erbao Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Fu Rong Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Mei Y, Khan H, Shishikura M, Ishiyama S, Khan A, Orita H, Brock MV. pfeRNAs-A Novel Class of Small Non-coding RNAs With Real Translational Potential. J Surg Res 2023; 284:237-244. [PMID: 36599285 PMCID: PMC9911372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are defined by being less than 200 nucleotides (nt) in length, and consequently, have been divided into many different subclasses including mature microRNA (miRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), protein functional effector sncRNA (pfeRNA), precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), 5S ribosome RNA (5SrRNA), 5.8SrRNA, and small nuclear RNA (snRNA). Except for the class of pfeRNAs, the discovery, identification, biogenesis, characterization, and function of other sncRNAs have been well documented. Herein, we provide a review, written especially for clinicians, of the least understood class of functional sncRNAs, the pfeRNAs, focusing on their initial discovery, identification, unique features, function, as well as their exciting clinical translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Mei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Hamza Khan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria Shishikura
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shun Ishiyama
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ali Khan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hajime Orita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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The epigenetic regulatory mechanism of PIWI/piRNAs in human cancers. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:45. [PMID: 36882835 PMCID: PMC9990219 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI proteins have a strong correlation with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which are significant in development and reproduction of organisms. Recently, emerging evidences have indicated that apart from the reproductive function, PIWI/piRNAs with abnormal expression, also involve greatly in varieties of human cancers. Moreover, human PIWI proteins are usually expressed only in germ cells and hardly in somatic cells, so the abnormal expression of PIWI proteins in different types of cancer offer a promising opportunity for precision medicine. In this review, we discussed current researches about the biogenesis of piRNA, its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in human cancers, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA interference, providing novel insights into the markers for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in human cancers.
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11
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Ma S, Zhou M, Xu Y, Gu X, Zou M, Abudushalamu G, Yao Y, Fan X, Wu G. Clinical application and detection techniques of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36627698 PMCID: PMC9832643 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01715-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related mortality. Endoscopy and serological tumor marker testing are currently the main methods of GC screening, and treatment relies on surgical resection or chemotherapy. However, traditional examination and treatment methods are more harmful to patients and less sensitive and accurate. A minimally invasive method to respond to GC early screening, prognosis monitoring, treatment efficacy, and drug resistance situations is urgently needed. As a result, liquid biopsy techniques have received much attention in the clinical application of GC. The non-invasive liquid biopsy technique requires fewer samples, is reproducible, and can guide individualized patient treatment by monitoring patients' molecular-level changes in real-time. In this review, we introduced the clinical applications of circulating tumor cells, circulating free DNA, circulating tumor DNA, non-coding RNAs, exosomes, and proteins, which are the primary markers in liquid biopsy technology in GC. We also discuss the current limitations and future trends of liquid biopsy technology as applied to early clinical biopsy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Ma
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Meiling Zhou
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- grid.452743.30000 0004 1788 4869Department of Laboratory Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xinliang Gu
- grid.440642.00000 0004 0644 5481Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001 Jiangsu China
| | - Mingyuan Zou
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Gulinaizhaer Abudushalamu
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Yuming Yao
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 Jiangsu China
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12
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and Colorectal Carcinoma: Emerging Non-invasive diagnostic Biomarkers with Potential Therapeutic Target Based Clinical Implications. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:300-311. [PMID: 35068393 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220124102616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute new small non-coding RNA molecules of around 24-31 nucleotides in length, mostly performing regulatory roles for the piwi protein family members. In recent times, developing evidence proposes that piRNAs are expressed in a tissue-specific way in various human tissues and act as moderate vital signalling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level in addition to mammalian germline. Recent findings, however, show that the unusual expression of piRNAs is an exclusive and discrete feature in several diseases, including many human cancers. Recently, considerable evidence indicates that piRNAs could be dysregulated thus playing critical roles in tumorigenesis. The function and underlying mechanisms of piRNAs in cancer, particularly in colorectal carcinoma, are not fully understood to date. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is emerging as a critical player in cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, piRNAs preserve genomic integrity and regulate the expression of downstream target genes through transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms by repressing transposable elements' mobilization. However, little research has been done to check Piwi and piRNAs' potential role in cancer and preserve genome integrity by epigenetically silencing transposons via DNA methylation, especially in germline cancer stem cells. This review reveals emerging insights into piRNA functions in colorectal carcinoma, revealing novel findings behind various piRNA-mediated gene regulation mechanisms, biogenetic piRNA processes, and possible applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and their potential clinical significance in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020, India
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13
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AmeliMojarad M, Amelimojarad M. piRNAs and PIWI proteins as potential biomarkers in Breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9855-9862. [PMID: 35612777 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PIWI interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are another subgroup of small non-coding RNAs, that can play different biological activity further to their capabilities in the germline such as regulating the gene and protein expression, epigenetic silencing of transposable elements, and regulating the spermatogenesis by interacting with PIWI proteins. METHODS We search online academic data bases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of piRNAs and breast cancer as free-text words and also with the combination with OR /AND by may 2022. RESULTS Recently, with the help of next-generation sequencing abnormal piRNA expression has been observed to associate with the occurrence and development of human cancers, such as breast cancer (BC). Recent investigation proposing piRNA as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker based on their cancer-related interaction in the treatment of BC. CONCLUSION This review aims to focus on the role of piRNAs in the initiation, progression, and the occurrence of breast cancer in order to understand its function and provide a better therapeutic strategy.
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14
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Goenka A, Tiek DM, Song X, Iglesia RP, Lu M, Hu B, Cheng SY. The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2031. [PMID: 36009578 PMCID: PMC9405925 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, research in cancer biology has been focused on the protein-coding fraction of the human genome. However, with the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it has become known that these entities not only function in numerous fundamental life processes such as growth, differentiation, and development, but also play critical roles in a wide spectrum of human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated ncRNA expression is found to affect cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance, through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, or epigenetic processes in the cell. In this review, we focus on the recent development and advances in ncRNA biology that are pertinent to their role in glioma tumorigenesis and therapy response. Gliomas are common, and are the most aggressive type of primary tumors, which account for ~30% of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Of these, glioblastoma (GBM), which are grade IV tumors, are the most lethal brain tumors. Only 5% of GBM patients survive beyond five years upon diagnosis. Hence, a deeper understanding of the cellular non-coding transcriptome might help identify biomarkers and therapeutic agents for a better treatment of glioma. Here, we delve into the functional roles of microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) in glioma tumorigenesis, discuss the function of their extracellular counterparts, and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Goenka
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Deanna Marie Tiek
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Xiao Song
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rebeca Piatniczka Iglesia
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Minghui Lu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Master of Biotechnology Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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15
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A TRIzol-based method for high recovery of plasma sncRNAs approximately 30 to 60 nucleotides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6778. [PMID: 35474236 PMCID: PMC9042852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein functional effector sncRNAs (pfeRNAs) are approximately 30–60 nucleotides (nt), of which the extraction method from plasma has not yet been reported. Silver staining in a high-resolution polyacrylamide gel suggested that the majority of plasma sncRNAs extracted by some broadly used commercial kits were sncRNAs from 100 nt upwards. Additionally, TRIzol’s protocol is for long RNA but not sncRNA recovery. Here, we report a TRIzol-based frozen precipitation method (TFP method), which shows rigor and reproducibility in high yield and quality for plasma sncRNAs approximately 30–60 nt. In contrast to the yields by the commercial kit, plasma sncRNAs extracted by the TFP method enriched more sncRNAs. We used four different pfeRNAs of 34 nt, 45 nt, 53 nt, and 58 nt to represent typical sizes of sncRNAs from 30 to 60 nt and compared their levels in the recovered sncRNAs by the TFP method and by the commercial kit. The TFP method showed lower cycle threshold (CT) values by 2.01–9.17 cycles in 38 plasma samples from 38 patients, including Caucasian, Asian, African American, Latin, Mexican, and those who were a mix of more than one race. In addition, pfeRNAs extracted by two organic-based extraction methods and four commercial kits were undetermined in 22 of 38 samples. Thus, the quick and unbiased TFP method enriches plasma sncRNA ranging from 30 to 60 nt.
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16
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Lima JRS, Azevedo-Pinheiro J, Andrade RB, Khayat AS, de Assumpção PP, Ribeiro-dos-Santos Â, Batista dos Santos SE, Moreira FC. Identification and Characterization of Polymorphisms in piRNA Regions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:942-951. [PMID: 35723347 PMCID: PMC8929088 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
piRNAs are a class of noncoding RNAs that perform functions in epigenetic regulation and silencing of transposable elements, a mechanism conserved among most mammals. At present, there are more than 30,000 known piRNAs in humans, of which more than 80% are derived from intergenic regions, and approximately 20% are derived from the introns and exons of pre-mRNAs. It was observed that the expression of the piRNA profile is specific in several organs, suggesting that they play functional roles in different tissues. In addition, some studies suggest that changes in regions that encode piRNAs may have an impact on their function. To evaluate the conservation of these regions and explore the existence of a seed region, SNP and INDEL variant rates were investigated in several genomic regions and compared to piRNA region variant rates. Thus, data analysis, data collection, cleaning, treatment, and exploration were implemented using the R programming language with the help of the RStudio platform. We found that piRNA regions are highly conserved after considering INDELs and do not seem to present an identifiable seed region after considering SNPs and INDEL variants. These findings may contribute to future studies attempting to determine how polymorphisms in piRNA regions can impact diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Sobrinho Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Jhully Azevedo-Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica (LGHM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Roberta Borges Andrade
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica (LGHM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Pimentel de Assumpção
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
| | - Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica (LGHM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica (LGHM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil;
| | - Fabiano Cordeiro Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia (NPO), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oncologia e Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (J.R.S.L.); (R.B.A.); (A.S.K.); (P.P.d.A.); (Â.R.-d.-S.); (S.E.B.d.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-091-98107-0858
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17
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Khan S, Khan M, Iqbal N, Amiruddin Abd Rahman M, Khalis Abdul Karim M. Deep-piRNA: Bi-Layered Prediction Model for PIWI-Interacting RNA Using Discriminative Features. COMPUTERS, MATERIALS & CONTINUA 2022; 72:2243-2258. [DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2022.022901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Ameli Mojarad M, Ameli Mojarad M, Shojaee B, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. piRNA: A promising biomarker in early detection of gastrointestinal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 230:153757. [PMID: 34998210 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer has become the primary concern of today's society due to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a subgroup of non-coding RNAs, are mainly expressed in the germline and have emerged as a critical regulator in gene expression and the epigenetic silencing of DNA transposable elements by interacting with PIWI proteins. piRNAs' dysregulations were reported to promote or suppress the initiation and development of different malignancies, especially gastrointestinal cancers. Recently, several studies suggested the use of piRNAs as potential cancer biomarkers associated with the progression and chemoresistance of GI cancer. Hence, this review article aims to focus on the role of piRNAs in GI cancer progression, metastasis, and their molecular mechanisms as therapeutic markers for GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Ameli Mojarad
- Department of Biology Faculty of Basics Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Bahador Shojaee
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Mokarram P, Niknam M, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Siri M, Dastghaib S, Brim H, Ashktorab H. PIWI interacting RNAs perspectives: a new avenues in future cancer investigations. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10401-10419. [PMID: 34723746 PMCID: PMC8809986 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a currently identified small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) category, the PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are crucial mediators of cell biology. The human genome comprises over 30.000 piRNA genes. Although considered a new field in cancer research, the piRNA pathway is shown by the existing evidence as an active pathway in a variety of different types of cancers with critical impacts on main aspects of cancer progression. Among the regulatory molecules that contribute to maintaining the dynamics of cancer cells, the P-element Induced WImpy testis (PIWI) proteins and piRNAs, as new players, have not been broadly studied so far. Therefore, the identification of cancer-related piRNAs and the assessment of target genes of piRNAs may lead to better cancer prevention and therapy strategies. This review articleaimed to highlight the role and function of piRNAs based on existing data. Understanding the role of piRNA in cancer may provide perspectives on their applications as particular biomarker signature in diagnosis in early stage, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,CONTACT Pooneh Mokarram Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Brim
- Pathology and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, Dc, USA
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20
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Das A, Ganesan H, Sriramulu S, Marotta F, Kanna NRR, Banerjee A, He F, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A review on interplay between small RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4117-4131. [PMID: 34292483 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known to be the underlying cause in many instances of cancer development. The new aspect of cancer genesis that has caught the attention of many researchers worldwide is its connection to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs may not be protein coding, but in light of the more recent discovery of their wide range of functions, the term 'dark matter of the genome' has been rendered inapplicable. There is an extensive mention of colon cancer as an example, where some of these ncRNAs and their manipulations have seen significant progress. As of now, the focus is on discovering a non-invasive, cost-effective method for diagnosis that is easier to monitor and can be conducted before visible symptoms indicate cancer in a patient, by which time it may already be too late. The concept of liquid biopsies has revolutionized recent diagnostic measures. It has been possible to detect circulating parts of the cancer genome or other biomarkers in the patients' bodily fluids, resulting in the effective management of the disease. This has led these ncRNAs to be considered effective therapeutic targets and extrinsic modifications in several tumor types, proven to be effective as therapy. However, there is a vast scope for further understanding and pertinent application of our acquired knowledge and expanding it in enhancing the utilization of ncRNAs for a better prognosis, quicker diagnosis, and improved management of cancer. This review explores the prognosis of cancer and related mutations by scrutinizing small ncRNAs in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention and Vitality & Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - N R Rajesh Kanna
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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21
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Peng Q, Chiu PKF, Wong CYP, Cheng CKL, Teoh JYC, Ng CF. Identification of piRNA Targets in Urinary Extracellular Vesicles for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101828. [PMID: 34679526 PMCID: PMC8534571 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies demonstrate that PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are associated with various human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) piRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. RNA was extracted from urinary EVs from five PCa patients and five healthy controls (HC), and the piRNAs were analyzed by small RNA sequencing. Dysregulated piRNAs were identified and then validated in another 30 PCa patients and 10 HC by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expressions of novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, novel_pir158533, and hsa_piR_002468 in urinary EVs were significantly increased in the PCa group compared with the HC group. The area under the curve (AUC) of novel_pir158533, novel_pir349843, novel_pir382289, hsa_piR_002468, and the combination of the four piRNA in PCa diagnosis was 0.723, 0.757, 0.777, 0.783, and 0.853, respectively. After the RNAhybrid program analysis, all four piRNAs had multiple potential binding sites with key mRNAs in PTEN/PI3K/Akt, Wnt/beta-catenin, or androgen receptor pathway, which are critical in PCa development and progression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that specific piRNAs in urinary EVs may serve as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for PCa.
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22
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Asim MN, Ibrahim MA, Imran Malik M, Dengel A, Ahmed S. Advances in Computational Methodologies for Classification and Sub-Cellular Locality Prediction of Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8719. [PMID: 34445436 PMCID: PMC8395733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from protein-coding Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), there exists a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which regulate complex cellular and molecular processes. High-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches have largely promoted the exploration of ncRNAs which revealed their crucial roles in gene regulation, miRNA binding, protein interactions, and splicing. Furthermore, ncRNAs are involved in the development of complicated diseases like cancer. Categorization of ncRNAs is essential to understand the mechanisms of diseases and to develop effective treatments. Sub-cellular localization information of ncRNAs demystifies diverse functionalities of ncRNAs. To date, several computational methodologies have been proposed to precisely identify the class as well as sub-cellular localization patterns of RNAs). This paper discusses different types of ncRNAs, reviews computational approaches proposed in the last 10 years to distinguish coding-RNA from ncRNA, to identify sub-types of ncRNAs such as piwi-associated RNA, micro RNA, long ncRNA, and circular RNA, and to determine sub-cellular localization of distinct ncRNAs and RNAs. Furthermore, it summarizes diverse ncRNA classification and sub-cellular localization determination datasets along with benchmark performance to aid the development and evaluation of novel computational methodologies. It identifies research gaps, heterogeneity, and challenges in the development of computational approaches for RNA sequence analysis. We consider that our expert analysis will assist Artificial Intelligence researchers with knowing state-of-the-art performance, model selection for various tasks on one platform, dominantly used sequence descriptors, neural architectures, and interpreting inter-species and intra-species performance deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nabeel Asim
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Muhammad Ali Ibrahim
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
- School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Dengel
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sheraz Ahmed
- German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany; (M.A.I.); (A.D.); (S.A.)
- DeepReader GmbH, Trippstadter Str. 122, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Kunnummal M, Angelin M, Das AV. PIWI proteins and piRNAs in cervical cancer: a propitious dart in cancer stem cell-targeted therapy. Hum Cell 2021; 34:1629-1641. [PMID: 34374035 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Any form of cancer is a result of uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations and/or epigenetic alterations, implying that a balance of chromatin remodeling activities and epigenetic regulators is crucial to prevent the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell. Many of the chromatin remodelers do not recognize any specific sites on their targets and require guiding molecules to reach the respective targets. PIWI proteins and their interacting small non-coding RNAs (piRNAs) have proved to act as a guiding signal for such molecules. While epigenetic alterations lead to tumorigenesis, the stemness of cancer cells contributes to recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Various studies have propounded that the PIWI-piRNA complex also promotes stemness of cancer cells, providing new doors for target-mediated anti-cancer therapies. Despite the progress in diagnosis and development of vaccines, cervical cancer remains to be the second most prevalent cancer among women, due to the lack of cost-effective and accessible diagnostic and prevention methods. With the emergence of liquid biopsy, there is a significant demand for the ideal biomarker in the diagnosis of cancer. PIWI and piRNAs have been recommended to serve as prognostic and diagnostic markers, to differentiate early and later stages of cancer, including cervical cancer. This review discusses how PIWIs and piRNAs are involved in disease progression as well as their potential role in diagnostics and therapeutics in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhunaraj Kunnummal
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Mary Angelin
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India
| | - Ani V Das
- Cancer Research Program-12, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, P.O. 695 014, India.
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Non-Coding RNA-Based Biosensors for Early Detection of Liver Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080964. [PMID: 34440168 PMCID: PMC8391662 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is an aggressive, lethal malignancy that ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Its 5-year mortality rate is estimated to be more than 95%. This significant low survival rate is due to poor diagnosis, which can be referred to as the lack of sufficient and early-stage detection methods. Many liver cancer-associated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been extensively examined to serve as promising biomarkers for precise diagnostics, prognostics, and the evaluation of the therapeutic progress. For the simple, rapid, and selective ncRNA detection, various nanomaterial-enhanced biosensors have been developed based on electrochemical, optical, and electromechanical detection methods. This review presents ncRNAs as the potential biomarkers for the early-stage diagnosis of liver cancer. Moreover, a comprehensive overview of recent developments in nanobiosensors for liver cancer-related ncRNA detection is provided.
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Jia S, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu D, He Y, Wei X, Gu H, Ma W, Luo W, Yuan Z. PIWI-interacting RNA sequencing profiles in maternal plasma-derived exosomes reveal novel non-invasive prenatal biomarkers for the early diagnosis of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103253. [PMID: 33639402 PMCID: PMC7921467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital malformations are common birth defects with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is essential to find simpler and more efficient biomarkers for early prenatal diagnosis. Therefore, we investigated PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) as potential prenatal biomarkers in plasma-derived exosomes from pregnant women carrying foetuses with congenital malformations. Methods Small RNA sequencing was used to screen piRNA biomarkers in plasma-derived exosomes of five pregnant women carrying foetuses with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (nsCLP) and five women carrying normal foetuses. Differentially expressed piRNAs were verified in 270 pregnant women, including 111 paired women carrying foetuses with congenital malformations and normal foetuses (at 24 gestational weeks), 10 paired women carrying foetuses with nsCLP and normal foetuses (at 15–19 gestational weeks), and 28 women at different stages of normal pregnancy. piRNA biomarkers were also verified in placentas, umbilical cords, fetal medial calf muscles, and lip tissues of nsCLP and normal foetuses. Findings We identified a biomarker panel of three pregnancy-associated exosomal piRNAs (hsa-piR-009228, hsa-piR-016659, and hsa-piR-020496) could distinguish nsCLP foetuses from normal foetuses. These three piRNAs had better diagnostic accuracy for nsCLP at the early gestational stage, at which time typical malformations were not detected upon prenatal ultrasound screening, and had diagnostic value for neural tube defects (NTDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Interpretation Our work revealed the potential clinical applications of piRNAs for predicting nsCLP, NTDs, and CHDs. Funding National Key Research and Development Program, National Natural Science Foundation of China, and LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program .
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China; Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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Gebert M, Jaśkiewicz M, Moszyńska A, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. The Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Cancer RNAi Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113119. [PMID: 33113880 PMCID: PMC7694039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite the recent progress in RNAi delivery of siRNA-based therapeutics for cancer therapy, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the general population could dramatically reduce the effectiveness of RNAi therapy. Their ubiquitous presence can also lead to unpredictable and adverse side effects. Because both SNPs and somatic mosaicisms have also been implicated in a number of human diseases including cancer, however, these specific changes offer the ability to selectively and efficiently target cancer cells. Here, we discuss how SNPs influence the development and success of novel anticancer RNAi therapies. Abstract Tremendous progress in RNAi delivery methods and design has allowed for the effective development of siRNA-based therapeutics that are currently under clinical investigation for various cancer treatments. This approach has the potential to revolutionize cancer therapy by providing the ability to specifically downregulate or upregulate the mRNA of any protein of interest. This exquisite specificity, unfortunately, also has a downside. Genetic variations in the human population are common because of the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs lead to synonymous and non-synonymous changes and they occur once in every 300 base pairs in both coding and non-coding regions in the human genome. Much less common are the somatic mosaicism variations associated with genetically distinct populations of cells within an individual that is derived from postzygotic mutations. These heterogeneities in the population can affect the RNAi’s efficacy or more problematically, which can lead to unpredictable and sometimes adverse side effects. From a more positive viewpoint, both SNPs and somatic mosaicisms have also been implicated in human diseases, including cancer, and these specific changes could offer the ability to effectively and, more importantly, selectively target the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss how SNPs in the human population can influence the development and success of novel anticancer RNAi therapies and the importance of why SNPs should be carefully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Maciej Jaśkiewicz
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Adrianna Moszyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
| | - James F. Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (M.J.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Ma C, Zhang L, Wang X, He S, Bai J, Li Q, Zhang M, Zhang C, Yu X, Zhang J, Xin W, Li Y, Zhu D. piRNA-63076 contributes to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation through acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5260-5273. [PMID: 32227582 PMCID: PMC7205801 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are thought to be germline-specific and to be involved in maintaining genome stability during development. Recently, piRNA expression has been identified in somatic cells in diverse organisms. However, the roles of piRNAs in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation and the molecular mechanism underlying the hypoxia-regulated pathological process of pulmonary hypertension are not well understood. Using hypoxic animal models, cell and molecular biology, we obtained the first evidence that the expression of piRNA-63076 was up-regulated in hypoxia and was positively correlated with cell proliferation. Subsequently, we showed that acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acadm), which is negatively regulated by piRNA-63076 and interacts with Piwi proteins, was involved in hypoxic PASMC proliferation. Finally, Acadm inhibition under hypoxia was partly attributed to DNA methylation of the Acadm promoter region mediated by piRNA-63076. Overall, these findings represent invaluable resources for better understanding the role of epigenetics in pulmonary hypertension associated with piRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Siyu He
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - June Bai
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qian Li
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of PharmacyHarbin University of CommerceHarbinChina
| | - Xiufeng Yu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and TechnologyHarbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Junting Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Wei Xin
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yiying Li
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Daling Zhu
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
- College of PharmacyHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- State Province Key Laboratories of BiomedicinePharmaceutics of ChinaDaqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine ResearchMinistry of EducationHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Small RNA Profiling of piRNAs in Colorectal Cancer Identifies Consistent Overexpression of piR-24000 That Correlates Clinically with an Aggressive Disease Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010188. [PMID: 31940941 PMCID: PMC7016796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) represent a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been shown to have a deregulated expression in several cancers, although their clinical significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. With an aim of delineating the piRNA distribution in CRC, we conducted a systematic discovery and validation of piRNAs within two clinical cohorts. In the discovery phase, we profiled tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 18 CRC patients by deep sequencing and identified a global piRNA downregulation in CRC. Moreover, we identified piR-24000 as an unexplored piRNA that was significantly overexpressed in CRC. Using qPCR, we validated the overexpression of piR-24000 in 87 CRC patients. Additionally, we identified a significant association between a high expression of piR-24000 and an aggressive CRC phenotype including poor differentiation, presence of distant metastases, and a higher stage. Lastly, ROC analysis demonstrated a strong diagnostic power of piR-24000 in discriminating CRC patients from normal subjects. Taken together, this study provides one of the earliest large-scale reports of the global distribution of piRNAs in CRC. In addition, piR-24000 was identified as a likely oncogene in CRC that can serve as a biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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Bartoszewski R, Sikorski AF. Editorial focus: understanding off-target effects as the key to successful RNAi therapy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:69. [PMID: 31867046 PMCID: PMC6902517 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0196-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the first RNA interference (RNAi) drug (ONPATTRO (patisiran)) on the market, we witness the RNAi therapy field reaching a critical turning point, when further improvements in drug candidate design and delivery pipelines should enable fast delivery of novel life changing treatments to patients. Nevertheless, ignoring parallel development of RNAi dedicated in vitro pharmacological profiling aiming to identify undesirable off-target activity may slow down or halt progress in the RNAi field. Since academic research is currently fueling the RNAi development pipeline with new therapeutic options, the objective of this article is to briefly summarize the basics of RNAi therapy, as well as to discuss how to translate basic research into better understanding of related drug candidate safety profiles early in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Zuo Y, Liang Y, Zhang J, Hao Y, Li M, Wen Z, Zhao Y. Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Piwi-Interacting RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Recurrence of Prostate Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:1018. [PMID: 31695724 PMCID: PMC6817565 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of male cancer death, and there is an unmet need for biomarkers to identify patients with such aggressive disease. Piwi-inteacting RNAs (piRNAs) have been classified as transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulators in somatic cells. In this study, we discovered three piRNAs as novel prognostic markers and their association with prostate cancer biochemical recurrence was confirmed in validation data set. To obtain a better understanding of piRNA expression patterns in prostate cancer and to find gene coexpression with piRNAs, we performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Target genes of three piRNAs have also been predicted based on base complementarity and expression correlativity. Functional analysis revealed the relationships between target genes and prostate cancer. Our work also identified differential expression of piRNAs between Gleason stage 3 + 4 and 4 + 3 prostate cancer. Overall, this study may explain the roles and demonstrate the potential clinical utility of piRNAs in prostate cancer in a way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingyi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menglong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhining Wen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Casier K, Boivin A, Carré C, Teysset L. Environmentally-Induced Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Implication of PIWI Interacting RNAs. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091108. [PMID: 31546882 PMCID: PMC6770481 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-induced transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is an emerging field. The understanding of associated epigenetic mechanisms is currently in progress with open questions still remaining. In this review, we present an overview of the knowledge of environmentally-induced transgenerational inheritance and associated epigenetic mechanisms, mainly in animals. The second part focuses on the role of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of small RNAs involved in the maintenance of the germline genome, in epigenetic memory to put into perspective cases of environmentally-induced transgenerational inheritance involving piRNA production. Finally, the last part addresses how genomes are facing production of new piRNAs, and from a broader perspective, how this process might have consequences on evolution and on sporadic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Casier
- Transgenerational Epigenetics & small RNA Biology, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Antoine Boivin
- Transgenerational Epigenetics & small RNA Biology, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Clément Carré
- Transgenerational Epigenetics & small RNA Biology, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Laure Teysset
- Transgenerational Epigenetics & small RNA Biology, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Biologie du Développement, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR7622, 75005 Paris, France.
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Roy J, Das B, Jain N, Mallick B. PIWI‐interacting RNA 39980 promotes tumor progression and reduces drug sensitivity in neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2286-2299. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Roy
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Basudeb Das
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Bibekanand Mallick
- Department of Life Science, RNAi and Functional Genomics Lab National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela Odisha India
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Mao Q, Fan L, Wang X, Lin X, Cao Y, Zheng C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Garcia-Milian R, Kang L, Shi J, Yu T, Wang K, Zuo L, Li CSR, Guo X, Luo X. Transcriptome-wide piRNA profiling in human brains for aging genetic factors. JACOBS JOURNAL OF GENETICS 2019; 4:014. [PMID: 32149191 PMCID: PMC7059831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) represent a molecular feature shared by all nonaging biological systems, including the germline and somatic cancer stem cells, which display an indefinite renewal capacity and lifespan-stable genomic integrity and are potentially immortal. Here, we tested the hypothesis that piRNA is a critical genetic determinant of aging in humans. METHODS Expression of transcriptome-wide piRNAs (n=24k) was profiled in the human prefrontal cortex of 12 subjects (84.9±9.5, range 68-100, years of age) using microarray technology. We examined the correlation between these piRNAs' expression levels and age, adjusting for covariates including disease status. RESULTS A total of 9,453 piRNAs were detected in brain. Including seven intergenic and three intronic piRNAs, ten piRNAs were significantly associated with age after correction for multiple testing (|r|=0.9; 1.9×10-5≤p≤9.9×10-5). CONCLUSION We conclude that piRNAs might play a potential role in determining the years of survival of humans. The underlying mechanisms might involve the suppression of transposable elements (TEs) and expression regulation of aging-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Mao
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China
| | - Longhua Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingpu Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, the Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Huihao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Rolando Garcia-Milian
- Curriculum & Research Support Department, Cushing/Whitney Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Longli Kang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, Xizang Minzu University School of Medicine, Xiangyang, Shaanxi 712082, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Kesheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Liu Y, Dou M, Song X, Dong Y, Liu S, Liu H, Tao J, Li W, Yin X, Xu W. The emerging role of the piRNA/piwi complex in cancer. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:123. [PMID: 31399034 PMCID: PMC6688334 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitute novel small non-coding RNA molecules of approximately 24-31 nucleotides in length that often bind to members of the piwi protein family to play regulatory roles. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that in addition to the mammalian germline, piRNAs are also expressed in a tissue-specific manner in a variety of human tissues and modulate key signaling pathways at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In addition, a growing number of studies have shown that piRNA and PIWI proteins, which are abnormally expressed in various cancers, may serve as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. However, the functions of piRNAs in cancer and their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss current findings regarding piRNA biogenetic processes, functions, and emerging roles in cancer, providing new insights regarding the potential applications of piRNAs and piwi proteins in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei Dou
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuxia Song
- The Laboratory of Biomedical Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanhan Dong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Haoran Liu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jiaping Tao
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xunhua Yin
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Department of Inspection, The medical faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Khan S, Khan M, Iqbal N, Hussain T, Khan SA, Chou KC. A Two-Level Computation Model Based on Deep Learning Algorithm for Identification of piRNA and Their Functions via Chou’s 5-Steps Rule. Int J Pept Res Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Ai L, Mu S, Sun C, Fan F, Yan H, Qin Y, Cui G, Wang Y, Guo T, Mei H, Wang H, Hu Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells endow stem-like qualities to multiple myeloma cells by inducing piRNA-823 expression and DNMT3B activation. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:88. [PMID: 30979371 PMCID: PMC6461814 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are two important cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, which may modify the cancer phenotype and affect patient survival. However, the crosstalk between MDSCs and multiple myeloma stem cells (MMSCs) are relatively poorly understood. METHODS The frequencies of granulocytic-MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in MM patients were detected by flow cytometry and their association with the disease stage and patient survival were analyzed. RT-PCR, flow cytometry, western blot and sphere formation assays were performed to investigate the effects of G-MDSCs, piRNA-823 and DNA methylation on the maintenance of stemness in MM. Then a subcutaneous tumor mouse model was constructed to analyze tumor growth and angiogenesis after G-MDSCs induction and/or piRNA-823 knockdown in MM cells. RESULTS Our clinical dataset validated the association between high G-MDSCs levels and poor overall survival in MM patients. In addition, for the first time we showed that G-MDSCs enhanced the side population, sphere formation and expression of CSCs core genes in MM cells. Moreover, the mechanism study showed that G-MDSCs triggered piRNA-823 expression, which then promoted DNA methylation and increased the tumorigenic potential of MM cells. Furthermore, silencing of piRNA-823 in MM cells reduced the stemness of MMSCs maintained by G-MDSCs, resulting in decreased tumor burden and angiogenesis in vivo. CONCLUSION Altogether, these data established a cellular, molecular, and clinical network among G-MDSCs, piRNA-823, DNA methylation and CSCs core genes, suggesting a new anti-cancer strategy targeting both G-MDSCs and CSCs in MM microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antagomirs/genetics
- Antagomirs/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Granulocytes/metabolism
- Granulocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Multiple Myeloma/genetics
- Multiple Myeloma/metabolism
- Multiple Myeloma/mortality
- Multiple Myeloma/pathology
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/mortality
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Ai
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Shidai Mu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Fengjuan Fan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Han Yan
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - You Qin
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Guohui Cui
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yadan Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Tao Guo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huafang Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Lin X, Xia Y, Hu D, Mao Q, Yu Z, Zhang H, Li C, Chen G, Liu F, Zhu W, Shi Y, Zhang H, Zheng J, Sun T, Xu J, Chao HH, Zheng X, Luο X. Transcriptome‑wide piRNA profiling in human gastric cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:3089-3099. [PMID: 30896887 PMCID: PMC6448102 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) comprise the largest class of non-coding RNAs. They represent a molecular feature shared by all non-aging biological systems, including germline and somatic cancer stem cells, which display an indefinite capacity of renewal and proliferation and are potentially immortal. They have been identified in animal stomachs, but their relationship with human gastric cancers remains largely unclear. The present study aimed to identify the piRNAs associated with human gastric cancers across the whole transcriptome. Fresh tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumorous tissues from stomachs were examined using a piRNA microarray (23,677 piRNAs) that was then validated by qPCR. The differential expression of piRNAs between cases and controls was analyzed. The transposable elements (TEs) that are potentially targeted by the risk piRNAs were searched. The expression of the nearest genes that are complementary to the sequences of the piRNAs was examined in the stomach tissue. The regulatory effects of genome-wide significant and replicated cancer-risk DNA variants on the piRNA expression in stomach were tested. Based on the findings, we identified a total of 8,759 piRNAs in human stomachs. Of all, 50 were significantly (P<0.05) and differentially (>2-fold change) expressed between the cases and controls, and 64.7% of the protein-coding genes potentially regulated by the gastric cancer-associated piRNAs were expressed in the human stomach. The expression of many cancer-associated piRNAs was correlated with the genome-wide and replicated cancer-risk SNPs. In conclusion, we conclude that piRNAs are abundant in human stomachs and may play important roles in the etiological processes of gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiandong Lin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Radiobiology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Mao
- People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichun 618000, P.R. China
| | - Zongyang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Fen Liu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Cancer Hospital and Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Huihao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianying Xu
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Herta H Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, P.R. China
| | - Xiongwei Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, P.R. China
| | - Xingguang Luο
- Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing University School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100096, P.R. China
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40
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Shi X, Xiao Z, Zonta F, Wang W, Wan Y, Li Y, Wang N, Kuang Y, Du M, Dong J, Wang J, Yang G. Somatic MIWI2 Hinders Direct Lineage Reprogramming From Fibroblast to Hepatocyte. Stem Cells 2019; 37:803-812. [PMID: 30805989 PMCID: PMC6850183 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the gene regulatory network in cells is believed to be a prerequisite for their lineage reprogramming. However, its key regulatory factors are not yet elucidated. In this article, we investigate the role of PIWI proteins and provide evidence that one of them, MIWI2, is elicited during transdifferentiation of fibroblasts into hepatocyte‐like cells. In coincidence with the peak expression of MIWI2, we identified the appearance of a unique intermediate epigenetic state characterized by a specific Piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) profile consisting of 219 novel sequences. Knockout of MIWI2 greatly improved the formation of the induced hepatocytes, whereas overexpression of exogenous MIWI2 completely abolished the stimulated effect. A bioinformatics analysis of piRNA interaction network, followed by experimental validation, revealed the Notch signaling pathway as one of the immediate effectors of MIWI2. Altogether, our results show for the first time that temporal expression of MIWI2 contributes negatively to cell plasticity not only in germline, but also in developed cells, such as mouse fibroblasts. stem cells2019;37:803–812
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zipei Xiao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Francesco Zonta
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjuan Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kunming Cancer Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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41
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Zhang L, Meng X, Xiang Z, Li D, Han X. From the Cover: Roles of mmu_piR_003399 in Microcystin-Leucine Arginine-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in the Spermatogonial Cells and Testis. Toxicol Sci 2019; 161:159-170. [PMID: 29040791 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous work has demonstrated that microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) is a potent toxin for the reproductive system of male mice and it exerts cytotoxicity in spermatogonial cells, resulting in the constitutional and functional changes of the mouse testis. The present study was designed to investigate the functions of P-element-induced wimpy (piwi)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in MC-LR-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. We observed an increase in the mmu_piR_003399 level in spermatogonial cells and mouse testicular tissues following treatment with MC-LR. Moreover, our data confirmed that cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was the target gene of mmu_piR_003399. Increases in the concentration of mmu_piR_003399 were correlated with the reduced expression of CDK6 both in vitro and in vivo. mmu_piR_003399 induced cell cycle arrest at the G1-phase, down-regulated sperm counts and sperm motility, and compromised sperm morphology. On the contrary, suppressing the expression of mmu_piR_003399 could substantially attenuate MC-LR-induced pathology in mice including cell cycle arrest, reduced mature sperm counts, sperm viability loss and abnormal sperm morphology. Furthermore, our data supported that mmu_piR_003399 existed in mouse serum and plasma, and its level was increased in MC-LR-treated mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that mmu_piR_003399 plays a crucial role in regulating MC-LR-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiannan Meng
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China and.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
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42
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Saad MA, Ku J, Kuo SZ, Li PX, Zheng H, Yu MA, Wang-Rodriguez J, Ongkeko WM. Identification and characterization of dysregulated P-element induced wimpy testis-interacting RNAs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2615-2622. [PMID: 30854037 PMCID: PMC6365962 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is clear that alcohol consumption is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and PIWI proteins dysregulated in alcohol-associated HNSCC to elucidate their function in the development of this cancer. Using next generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data obtained from 40 HNSCC patients, the piRNA and PIWI protein expression of HNSCC samples was compared between alcohol drinkers and non-drinkers. A separate piRNA expression RNA-seq analysis of 18 non-smoker HNSCC patients was also conducted. To verify piRNA expression, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on the most differentially expressed alcohol-associated piRNAs in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. The correlation between piRNA expression and patient survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimators and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. A comparison between alcohol drinking and non-drinking HNSCC patients demonstrated that a panel of 3,223 piRNA transcripts were consistently detected and differentially expressed. RNA-seq analysis and in vitro RT-qPCR verification revealed that 4 of these piRNAs, piR-35373, piR-266308, piR-58510 and piR-38034, were significantly dysregulated between drinking and non-drinking cohorts. Of these four piRNAs, low expression of piR-58510 and piR-35373 significantly correlated with improved patient survival. Furthermore, human PIWI-like protein 4 was consistently upregulated in ethanol and acetaldehyde-treated normal oral keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that alcohol consumption may cause dysregulation of piRNA expression in HNSCC and in vitro verifications identified 4 piRNAs that may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf A Saad
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonjei Ku
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Selena Z Kuo
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pin Xue Li
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hao Zheng
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Andrew Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jessica Wang-Rodriguez
- Veterans Administration Medical Center and Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Weg M Ongkeko
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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43
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Jacobs DI, Qin Q, Fu A, Chen Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y. piRNA-8041 is downregulated in human glioblastoma and suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37616-37626. [PMID: 30701019 PMCID: PMC6340885 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that partner with PIWI proteins to protect germline tissues from destabilizing transposon activity. While the aberrant expression of PIWI proteins has been linked with poor outcomes for many cancers, less is known about the expression or function of piRNAs in cancer. We performed array-based piRNA expression profiling in seven pairs of normal brain and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tissue specimens, and identified expression of ~350 piRNAs in both tissues and a subset with dysregulated expression in GBM. Over-expression of the most down-regulated piRNA in GBM tissue, piR-8041, was found to reduce glioma cell line proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibit cell survival pathways. Furthermore, pre-treatment with piR-8041 significantly reduced the volume of intracranial mouse xenograft tumors. Taken together, our study reveals reduced expression in GBM of piR-8041 and other piRNAs with tumor suppressive properties, and suggests that restoration of such piRNAs may be a potential strategy for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I. Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Current address: Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Alan Fu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Current Address: Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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44
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Chalbatani GM, Dana H, Memari F, Gharagozlou E, Ashjaei S, Kheirandish P, Marmari V, Mahmoudzadeh H, Mozayani F, Maleki AR, Sadeghian E, Nia EZ, Miri SR, Nia NZ, Rezaeian O, Eskandary A, Razavi N, Shirkhoda M, Rouzbahani FN. Biological function and molecular mechanism of piRNA in cancer. Pract Lab Med 2018; 13:e00113. [PMID: 30705933 PMCID: PMC6349561 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2018.e00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. piRNAs, which are a novel type of identified small noncoding RNA (ncRNA), play a crucial role in cancer genomics. In recent years, a relatively large number of studies have demonstrated that several piRNA are aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancers including gastric cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and Lung cancer and may probably serve as a novel therapeutic target and biomarker for cancer treatment. The present review summarized current advances in our knowledge of the roles of piRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Dana
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Feridon Memari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Gharagozlou
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Ashjaei
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Kheirandish
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Marmari
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoudzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Mozayani
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Maleki
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sadeghian
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zainali Nia
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Seyed Rohollah Miri
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Zainali Nia
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Omid Rezaeian
- Department of Biology, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anahita Eskandary
- Department of Biology, NourDanesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Narges Razavi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shirkhoda
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri Rouzbahani
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Gebert M, Bartoszewska S, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Moszyńska A, Cabaj A, Króliczewski J, Madanecki P, Ochocka RJ, Crossman DK, Collawn JF, Bartoszewski R. PIWI proteins contribute to apoptosis during the UPR in human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16431. [PMID: 30401887 PMCID: PMC6219583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate a large portion of the human transcriptome. miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular adaptive mechanism that is important in alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and promoting cell recovery. Another class of small noncoding RNAs, the Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) together with PIWI proteins, was originally shown to play a role as repressors of germline transposable elements. More recent studies, however, indicate that P-element induced WImpy proteins (PIWI proteins) and piRNAs also regulate mRNA levels in somatic tissues. Using genome-wide small RNA next generation sequencing, cell viability assays, and caspase activity assays in human airway epithelial cells, we demonstrate that ER stress specifically up-regulates total piRNA expression profiles, and these changes correlate with UPR-induced apoptosis as shown by up-regulation of two pro-apoptotic factor mRNAs, CHOP and NOXA. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of PIWIL2 and PIWIL4, two proteins involved in piRNA function, attenuates UPR-related cell death, inhibits piRNA expression, and inhibits the up-regulation of CHOP and NOXA mRNA expression. Hence, we provide evidence that PIWIL2 and PIWIL4 proteins, and potentially the up-regulated piRNAs, constitute a novel epigenetic mechanism that control cellular fate during the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gebert
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bartoszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Janaszak-Jasiecka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Moszyńska
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cabaj
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Króliczewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Renata J Ochocka
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, Heflin Center for Genomic Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Rafal Bartoszewski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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46
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Lim MCJ, Baird AM, Aird J, Greene J, Kapoor D, Gray SG, McDermott R, Finn SP. RNAs as Candidate Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Prostate Cancer-From Cell Line Models to Liquid Biopsies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:E60. [PMID: 30200254 PMCID: PMC6163368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment landscape of prostate cancer has evolved rapidly over the past five years. The explosion in treatment advances has been witnessed in parallel with significant progress in the field of molecular biomarkers. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled the molecular profiling of the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of prostate and other cancers. Coupled with this, is a renewed interest in the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in prostate cancer biology. ncRNA consists of several different classes including small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These families are under active investigation, given their essential roles in cancer initiation, development and progression. This review focuses on the evidence for the role of RNAs in prostate cancer, and their use as diagnostic and prognostic markers, and targets for treatment in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin C J Lim
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Cancer and Ageing Research Programme, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Aird
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - John Greene
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Dhruv Kapoor
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 08 W9RT, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland.
| | - Ray McDermott
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24 NR0A, Ireland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 YN26, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, P.O. Box 580, James's Street, Dublin D08 X4RX, Ireland.
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47
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Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Stitkovcova K, Radova L, Sachlova M, Kosarova Z, Slaba K, Kala Z, Svoboda M, Kiss I, Vyzula R, Cho WC, Slaby O. Circulating PIWI-Interacting RNAs piR-5937 and piR-28876 Are Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers of Colon Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 27:1019-1028. [PMID: 29976566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The early detection of colon cancer is one of the main prerequisites for successful treatment and mortality reduction. Circulating PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNA) were recently identified as novel promising biomarkers. The purpose of the study was to assess the profiles of piRNAs in blood serum of colon cancer patients with the aim to identify those with high diagnostic potential.Methods: Blood serum samples from 403 colon cancer patients and 276 healthy donors were included in this 3-phase biomarker study. Large-scale piRNA expression profiling was performed using Illumina small RNA sequencing. The diagnostic potential of selected piRNAs was further validated on independent training and validation sets of samples using RT-qPCR.Results: In total, 31 piRNAs were found to be significantly deregulated in serum of cancer patients compared with healthy donors. Based on the levels of piR-5937 and piR-28876, it was possible to differentiate between cancer patients and healthy donors with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, both piRNAs exhibited satisfactory diagnostic performance also in patients with stage I disease and enabled detection of colon cancer with higher sensitivity than currently used biomarkers CEA and CA19-9. Finally, the expression of analyzed piRNAs in blood restored significantly 1 month after the surgical resection.Conclusions: Based on our findings, piRNAs are abundant in human blood serum. Furthermore, their levels in colon cancer have been observed to be significantly deregulated. However, their involvement in carcinogenesis must be further established.Impact: piRNAs could serve as promising noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of colon cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(9); 1019-28. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karolina Stitkovcova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milana Sachlova
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kosarova
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Slaba
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kala
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery, Institutions Shared with the Faculty Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Vyzula
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - William C Cho
- Cancer Research Unit, Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Lacunza E, Montanaro MA, Salvati A, Memoli D, Rizzo F, Henning MF, Quiroga IY, Guillou H, Abba MC, Gonzalez-Baro MDR, Weisz A, Pellon-Maison M. Small non-coding RNA landscape is modified by GPAT2 silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28141-28154. [PMID: 29963267 PMCID: PMC6021339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-2 is a member of "cancer-testis gene" family. Initially linked to lipid metabolism, this gene has been recently found involved also in PIWI-interacting RNAs biogenesis in germline stem cells. To investigate its role in piRNA metabolism in cancer, the gene was silenced in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and small RNA sequencing was applied. PIWI-interacting RNAs and tRNA-derived fragments expression profiles showed changes following GPAT2 silencing. Interestingly, a marked shift in length distribution for both small RNAs was detected in GPAT2-silenced cells. Most downregulated PIWI-interacting RNAs are single copy in the genome, intragenic, hosted in snoRNAs and previously found to be upregulated in cancer cells. Putative targets of these PIWI-interacting RNAs are linked to lipid metabolism. Downregulated tRNA derived fragments derived from, so-called 'differentiation tRNAs', whereas upregulated ones derived from proliferation-linked tRNAs. miRNA amounts decrease after Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase-2 silencing and functional enrichment analysis of deregulated miRNA putative targets point to mitochondrial biogenesis, IGF1R signaling and oxidative metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. In addition, miRNAs known to be overexpressed in breast cancer tumors with poor prognosis where found downregulated in GPAT2-silenced cells. In conclusion, GPAT2 silencing quantitatively and qualitatively affects the population of PIWI-interacting RNAs, tRNA derived fragments and miRNAs which, in combination, result in a more differentiated cancer cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mauro Aldo Montanaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Genomix4Life, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Maria Florencia Henning
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ivana Yoseli Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martín Carlos Abba
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Del Rosario Gonzalez-Baro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.,Genomix4Life, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Magalí Pellon-Maison
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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49
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The Challenges and Opportunities in the Clinical Application of Noncoding RNAs: The Road Map for miRNAs and piRNAs in Cancer Diagnostics and Prognostics. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:5848046. [PMID: 29854719 PMCID: PMC5952559 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5848046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries on nonprotein-coding RNAs have induced a paradigm shift in our overall understanding of gene expression and regulation. We now understand that coding and noncoding RNA machinery work in concert to maintain overall homeostasis. Based on their length, noncoding RNAs are broadly classified into two groups—long (>200 nt) and small noncoding RNAs (<200 nt). These RNAs perform diverse functions—gene regulation, splicing, translation, and posttranscriptional modifications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are two classes of small noncoding RNAs that are now classified as master regulators of gene expression. They have also demonstrated clinical significance as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for several diseases, including cancer. Despite these similarities, both these RNAs are generated through contrasting mechanisms, and one of the aims of this review is to cover the distance travelled since their discovery and compare and contrast the various facets of these RNAs. Although these RNAs show tremendous promise as biomarkers, translating the findings from bench to bedside is often met with roadblocks. The second aim of this review therefore is to highlight some of the challenges that hinder application of miRNA and piRNA as in guiding treatment decisions.
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50
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Sonea L, Buse M, Gulei D, Onaciu A, Simon I, Braicu C, Berindan-Neagoe I. Decoding the Emerging Patterns Exhibited in Non-coding RNAs Characteristic of Lung Cancer with Regard to their Clinical Significance. Curr Genomics 2018; 19:258-278. [PMID: 29755289 PMCID: PMC5930448 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666171005100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer continues to be the leading topic concerning global mortality rate caused by can-cer; it needs to be further investigated to reduce these dramatic unfavorable statistic data. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be important cellular regulatory factors and the alteration of their expression levels has become correlated to extensive number of pathologies. Specifically, their expres-sion profiles are correlated with development and progression of lung cancer, generating great interest for further investigation. This review focuses on the complex role of non-coding RNAs, namely miR-NAs, piwi-interacting RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in the process of developing novel biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic factors that can then be utilized for personalized therapies toward this devastating disease. To support the concept of personalized medi-cine, we will focus on the roles of miRNAs in lung cancer tumorigenesis, their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and their application for patient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sonea
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihail Buse
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Onaciu
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioan Simon
- Surgery Department IV, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Surgery Department, Romanian Railway (CF) University Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, Republicii Street, No. 34-36, 401015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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