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Kherroubi S, Morjen M, Teka N, Mraihi F, Srairi-Abid N, Le Cerf D, Marrakchi N, Majdoub H, Cherif JK, Jebali J, Ternane R. Chemical characterization and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves: In vitro and in vivo assays. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134302. [PMID: 39094866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Allium roseum is amongst the most important wild medicinal plants. It is known for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. In this work, the polysaccharides (PARLs) were ultrasonically extracted from Allium roesum leaves then purified and analyzed by several techniques. Chemical composition and GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose (40.20 %), mannose (25.30 %), fructose (10.60 %) and galacturonic acid (15.11 %). Moreover, PARLs exhibited a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities up to 69.61 % and 71.72 % for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. The in-vivo tests proved that the extract was able to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15 % after 4 h of treatment. PARLs, significantly reduced the growth of U87 (glioblastoma) and IGROV-1 cancer cells with IC50 values of about 4.27 and 7.89 mg/mL respectively. This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kherroubi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Maram Morjen
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Teka
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Mraihi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS (UMR 6270 & FR 3038), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Medicine School of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Jamila Kalthoum Cherif
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Jed Jebali
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
| | - Riadh Ternane
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
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Ji W, Qian C, Su X, Li X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Zhang M, Li D. Structure characterization and protective effect against UVB irradiation of polysaccharides isolated from the plateau plant Gentiana dahurica Fisch. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131551. [PMID: 38621566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Gentiana dahurica Fisch. (G. dahurica) is one of the legitimate sources of Qinjiao in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and grows on high-altitude plateaus. Plants develop unique biochemical accumulations to resist plateau conditions, especially the strong UV irradiation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the polysaccharide of G. dahurica (GDP), its structure and its activity against UVB irradiation. Four GDPs were isolated and two of them were subjected to structural elucidation. The results suggested that GDP-1 has 53.5 % Ara and 30.8 % GalA as its main monosaccharides, with a molecular weight (Mw) of 23 kDa; the GDP-2 has 33.9 % Ara and 48.5 % GalA, with a Mw of 82 kDa. Methylation and NMR spectroscopy analysis revealed that GDP-1 contains →5)-α-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,4)-α-GalpA-(6-OMe)-(1→ as the main chain, the branches of GalA (with esterification), and the terminal Ara; the GDP-2 contains →4)-α-GalpA-(1 → 4)-α-GalpA-(6-OMe)-(1 → 5)-α-Araf-(1 → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1→ as the main chain, the branches of →5)-α-Araf-(1-5)-α-Araf, and the terminal GalA. Both GDP-1 and GDP-2 exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radicals. Moreover, GDPs significantly attenuated the decreases in viability and proliferation of HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation. They can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH). The potential mechanism explored by flow cytometry assays of cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution suggested that GDPs exert protective effects against UVB irradiation by reducing ROS and attenuating S phase cell arrest. In brief, the GDP-1 and GDP-2 are α-1,3- and α-1,4- arabinogalacturonan, respectively. The high content of Ara could be attributed to biochemical accumulation in resisting to the plateau environment and to prevent UVB irradiation-related damage in cells. These findings provide insight into authentic medicinal herbs and the development of GDPs in the modern pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ji
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Cuiyin Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Qinghai Province, School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, PR China.
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China.
| | - Duxin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People's Government of Qinghai Province & Beijing Normal University, Xining 810016, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Yu A, Hu W, Wu L, Yang D, Fu L, Wang Z, Kuang H, Wang M. A review on extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, applications of polysaccharides from Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Guai Zao). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131097. [PMID: 38537845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (H. dulcis) is a widely distributed plant with a long history of cultivation and consumption. As a common plant, it has economic, edible and medicinal value. H. dulcis polysaccharides are one of their main bioactive ingredients and have many health benefits, such as anti-diabetes, antioxidation, anti-glycosylation, anti-fatigue, immune regulation activities and alcoholic liver disease protection activity. In this paper, the research progress of H. dulcis polysaccharides in extraction, purification, structural characteristics, biological activities, existing and potential applications were reviewed, which could provide new valuable insights for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Aiqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Deqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150000, China.
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Sultana N. Biological Properties and Biomedical Applications of Pectin and Pectin-Based Composites: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7974. [PMID: 38138464 PMCID: PMC10745545 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin has recently drawn much attention in biomedical applications due to its distinctive chemical and biological properties. Polymers like pectin with cell-instructive properties are attractive natural biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. In addition, bioactive pectin and pectin-based composites exhibit improved characteristics to deliver active molecules. Pectin and pectin-based composites serve as interactive matrices or scaffolds by stimulating cell adhesion and cell proliferation and enhancing tissue remodeling by forming an extracellular matrix in vivo. Several bioactive properties, such as immunoregulatory, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities, contribute to the pectin's and pectin-based composite's enhanced applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems. Tissue engineering scaffolds containing pectin and pectin-based conjugates or composites demonstrate essential features such as nontoxicity, tunable mechanical properties, biodegradability, and suitable surface properties. The design and fabrication of pectic composites are versatile for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications. This article reviews the promising characteristics of pectin or pectic polysaccharides and pectin-based composites and highlights their potential biomedical applications, focusing on drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naznin Sultana
- Texas Undergraduate Medical Academy, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
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Haș IM, Vodnar DC, Bungau AF, Tarce AG, Tit DM, Teleky BE. Enhanced Elderberry Snack Bars: A Sensory, Nutritional, and Rheological Evaluation. Foods 2023; 12:3544. [PMID: 37835197 PMCID: PMC10572914 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in functional foods is continuously increasing, having the potential to be an ally in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. This study focuses on developing and evaluating oat- and millet-based snack bars enriched with freeze-dried elderberry powder (FDEBP), aiming to combine great taste with enhanced nutritional value, antioxidant properties, and prebiotic potential. The research encompassed a sensory evaluation, nutritional assessment, and rheological analysis of the snack bars. A hedonic test was conducted to gauge consumer preferences and overall liking, providing insights into taste, texture, and acceptance. Sensory evaluation revealed positive feedback from participants, and acceptance rating scores ranged from 7 to 8.04, the best score recorded by one of the enhanced bars with 1% FDEBP. The rheological analysis determined the bars' dynamic storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″), assessing the material's elasticity and mechanical properties. Results showed that the incorporation of 0.5% and 1% FDEBP in the oat and millet snack bars significantly impacted their rheological properties, enhancing structural strength. Nutritional analysis demonstrated that the snack bars provided a complete mix of macronutrients required in a daily diet. The study sheds light on the potential of functional snack bars enriched with FDEBP, offering a delectable way to access essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in a minimally processed form, without the addition of sweeteners or additives, friendly to the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; (I.M.H.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Alexandra Georgiana Tarce
- Medicine Program of Study, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Liu Y, Ran L, Wang Y, Wan P, Zhou H. Basic characterization, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from sea buckthorn leaves. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105592. [PMID: 37343686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides from Sea buckthorn leaves (SBLPs) were extracted by hot water and purified by DEAE cellulose, then separated into six polysaccharides (SBLP-S) by DEAE-52 column. Six separated polysaccharides were characterized by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectrum, High Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Congo red analysis. The antioxidant activity and immunological activity were investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the monosaccharide composition of SBLP-S-1, SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-3, SBLP-S-5 and SBLP-S-6 contained Man, GlcN, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc, among them, rare glucosamine was found. And SBLP-S-4 contained all above components except GlcN and GluA. FT-IR showed that SBLP-S were sulfated polysaccharide containing uronic acid. Molecular weights of SBLP-S were 338.659, 401.305, 599.849, 393.904, 626.895 and 176.862 kDa. The Congo-red test indicated that SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-4, SBLP-S-5, and SBLP-S-6 had triple helix conformation. Crude polysaccharides had the strong scavenging activities on DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The six polysaccharides had the activity of immune stimulation on RAW264.7 cell. SBLP-S-2 promoted the phagocytosis best and SBLP-S-6 promoted the NO production best. The results suggested that SBLPs could be used as potential antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents in pharmaceutical and functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Limei Ran
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Physiology, Jilin Medical College, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
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Kakar MU, Karim H, Shabir G, Iqbal I, Akram M, Ahmad S, Shafi M, Gul P, Riaz S, Rehman R, Salari H. A review on extraction, composition, structure, and biological activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Nelumbo nucifera. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3655-3674. [PMID: 37457175 PMCID: PMC10345683 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera (lotus plant) is an important member of the Nelumbonaceae family. This review summarizes the studies conducted on it since the past 15 years to provide an understanding on future areas of focus. Different parts of this plant, that is, leaves, roots, and seeds, have been used as food and for the treatment of various diseases. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts using different methods. The manuscript reviews the methods of extraction of polysaccharides used for leaves, roots, and seeds, along with their yield. Some methods can provide better yield while some provide better biological activity with low yield. The composition and structure of extracted polysaccharides have been determined in some studies. Although monosaccharide composition has been determined in various studies, too little information about the structure of polysaccharides from N. nucifera is available in the current literature. Different useful biological activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods, which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic activities. Antitumor activity from polysaccharides of lotus leaves is yet to be explored, besides lotus root has been underexplored as compared to other parts (leaves and seeds) according to our literature survey. Studies dedicated to the successful use of combination of extraction methods can be conducted in future. The plant provides a therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential; however, antimicrobial activity and synergistic relationships of polysaccharides from different parts of the plant need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Hammad Karim
- Sheikh Zayed Medical CollegeRahim Yar KhanPunjabPakistan
| | | | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational SciencesSchool of Mathematical Sciences and LMAMPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Life Sciences, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology (UMT)LahorePakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafi
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Pari Gul
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of BalochistanQuettaPakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Rizwan‐ur‐ Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Hamid Salari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of AgricultureKabul UniversityKabulAfghanistan
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Priyadarsani Mandhata C, Ranjan Sahoo C, Nath Padhy R. A comprehensive overview on the role of phytocompounds in human immunodeficiency virus treatment. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023:S2095-4964(23)00040-7. [PMID: 37244763 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Newer medicines for eliminating the viral reservoir and eradicating the virus are urgently needed. Attempts to locate relatively safe and non-toxic medications from natural resources are ongoing now. Natural-product-based antiviral candidates have been exploited to a limited extent. However, antiviral research is inadequate to counteract for the resistant patterns. Plant-derived bioactive compounds hold promise as powerful pharmacophore scaffolds, which have shown anti-HIV potential. This review focuses on a consideration of the virus, various possible HIV-controlling methods and the recent progress in alternative natural compounds with anti-HIV activity, with a particular emphasis on recent results from natural sources of anti-HIV agents. Please cite this article as: Mandhata CP, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. A comprehensive overview on the role of phytocompounds in human immunodeficiency virus treatment. J Integr Med. 2023; Epub ahead of print.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee Priyadarsani Mandhata
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
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Bencze B, Temesfői V, Das S, Papp H, Kaltenecker P, Kuczmog A, Jakab F, Kocsis B, Kőszegi T. Development of a novel, entirely herbal-based mouthwash effective against common oral bacteria and SARS-CoV-2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 37127611 PMCID: PMC10150350 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parallel to the growth of the oral healthcare market, there is a constantly increasing demand for natural products as well. Many customers prefer products that contain fewer toxic agents, therefore providing an environmentally friendly solution with the benefit of smaller risk to the user. Medieval and early modern medicinal knowledge might be useful when looking for natural, herbal-based components to develop modern products. Along with these considerations we created, tested, and compared an entirely natural mouthwash, named Herba Dei. METHODS The manufacturing procedure was standardized, and the created tincture was evaluated by GC/MS analysis for active compounds, experimentally tested in cell-based cytotoxicity, salivary protein integrity, cell-free antioxidant activity, anti-bacterial and anti-viral assays, and compared with three market-leading mouthwashes. RESULTS Our tincture did not show significant damage in the cytotoxicity assays to keratinocyte and Vero E6 cells and did not disrupt the low molecular weight salivary proteins. Its radical scavenging capacity surpassed that of two tested, partly natural, and synthetic mouthwashes, while its antibacterial activity was comparable to the tested products, or higher in the bacterial aerobic respiratory assay. The active compounds responsible for the effects include naturally occurring phenylpropanoids, terpenes, and terpenoids. Our mouthwash proved to be effective in vitro in lowering the copy number of SARS-CoV-2 in circumstances mimicking the salivary environment. CONCLUSIONS The developed product might be a useful tool to impede the transmission and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in interpersonal contact and aerosol-generating conditions. Our mouthwash can help reduce the oral bacterial flora and has an antioxidant activity that facilitates wound healing and prevents adverse effects of smoke in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Bencze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Út 13, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Viktória Temesfői
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Út 13, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- Lab-On-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
- Hungarian National Laboratory On Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Út 13, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Lab-On-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Henrietta Papp
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Kaltenecker
- Lab-On-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Hungarian National Laboratory On Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Anett Kuczmog
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Jakab
- National Laboratory of Virology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 6, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Út 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Út 13, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Lab-On-a-Chip Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Útja 20, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- Hungarian National Laboratory On Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
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Haș IM, Teleky BE, Szabo K, Simon E, Ranga F, Diaconeasa ZM, Purza AL, Vodnar DC, Tit DM, Nițescu M. Bioactive Potential of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Bioaccessibility and Prebiotic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073099. [PMID: 37049862 PMCID: PMC10095832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its abundance of physiologically active ingredients, one of the oldest medicinal herbs, elderberry (EB) Sambucus nigra L., is beneficial for both therapeutic and dietary purposes. This study determined the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds and the prebiotic potential of the polyphenols from freeze-dried EB powder (FDEBP), along with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of this extract. The most significant phenolic compounds in black EB are represented by anthocyanins (41.8%), predominating cyanidin-sambubiosides and cyanidin-glucosides (90.1% of the identified anthocyanins). The FRAP assay obtained the highest antioxidant activity value (185 ± 0.18 μmol Fe2+/g DW). The most sensitive to the antimicrobial activity of the extract was proven to be Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.95 mg/mL. To determine the prebiotic potential of the polyphenols, the cell growth of five probiotic strains (Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. fermentum and Saccharomyces boulardii) was tested. The influence on cell growth was positive for all five probiotic strains used. Overall, the most significant increase (p < 0.05) was recorded at 1.5% FDEBP, on S. boulardii with a growth index (GI) of 141.02%, very closely followed by GI at 0.5% and 1% concentrations. The stability of the total phenolic compounds through simulated gastronitestinal digestion was increased (93%), and the bioaccessibility was also elevated (75%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mariana Haș
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Bernadette-Emőke Teleky
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katalin Szabo
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elemer Simon
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Floricuta Ranga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zorița Maria Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Lavinia Purza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Dan-Cristian Vodnar
- Institute of Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.-C.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.-C.V.); (D.M.T.)
| | - Maria Nițescu
- Department of Preclinical–Complementary Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Bioactive Compounds from Elderberry: Extraction, Health Benefits, and Food Applications. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10112288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderberries are appreciated for their antioxidant properties. Sambucus nigra L. is an extremely abundant plant in the wild flora of Romania, but it is underutilized. Elderberry is used in modern and traditional medicine due to the complex chemical composition of the fruit. The content of phenolic compounds is high (516–8974 mg/100 g DW), of which the most abundant are anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds are known for their beneficial effects on the body. Numerous studies have demonstrated the antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties of the fruit. It is considered that most of the therapeutic properties of elderberries can be correlated with the antioxidant activity they have. S. nigra fruits are also used in the food industry. Some studies have shown that the therapeutic properties of elderberries can also be found in the products obtained from them. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the chemical composition of elderberries and products obtained from them, the positive effects on the body, and the methods by which the bioactive compounds can be extracted from the fruits and analyzed. This manuscript is useful for extraction optimization and characterization in order to valorize new functional foods, food supplements, and also in new pharmaceutical products.
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12
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Asgary S, Pouramini A. The Pros and Cons of Using Elderberry ( Sambucus nigra) for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:96. [PMID: 36518861 PMCID: PMC9744084 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_146_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in 2019. Health-care systems around the world are looking for alternative prevention and treatment remedies. Herbal supplements are popular among consumers as a complementary method to prevent and treat illnesses. One of them is Sambucus nigra. METHODS We searched for related articles in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals using the following keywords: elderberry, S. nigra, and COVID-19. RESULTS Elderberry has antiviral properties due to its ability to modulate inflammatory cytokines. The current evidence suggests elderberry is appropriate for the prevention and initial treatment of viral disease. Concerns have been raised that elderberry may overstimulate the immune system, increasing the risk of a cytokine storm. There is not yet enough evidence to support this claim. CONCLUSIONS For COVID-19 patients, further research is required since elderberry may provoke a cytokine storm if administered therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Center, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Cardiovascular Disease Control, Prevention and Rehabilitation for Cardiac Patients, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Pouramini
- Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Ferreira SS, Martins-Gomes C, Nunes FM, Silva AM. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) extracts promote anti-inflammatory and cellular antioxidant activity. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100437. [PMID: 36211754 PMCID: PMC9532789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of Sambucus nigra berries have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Elderberries prevented the oxidative damage induced by tert-butyl-hydroperoxide. Elderberries protect HepG2 and Caco-2 cells from t-BOOH-induced oxidative stress. Elderberry extracts prevented GSH depletion, ROS production, and DNA fragmentation. Elderberries can be considered a functional food or a sources of nutraceuticals.
Despite the high value of Portuguese elderberries, recognized for decades by European markets, only a few studies address their beneficial effects at cellular level. Aiming to explore the anti-inflammatory and the cellular antioxidant potential characterized extracts from the three main Portuguese elderberry cultivars (Sabugueiro, Sabugueira, Bastardeira) were used. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells pre-exposed to elderberry extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide release, evidencing anti-inflammatory activity. Concerning cellular antioxidant protection, HepG2 and Caco-2 cells pre-exposure to elderberry extracts (50 µg/mL) prevented up-to 90 % of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH)-induced toxicity. In Caco-2 cells, elderberry extracts prevented glutathione depletion, reactive oxygen species production, abnormal morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, in response to t-BOOH oxidative insult. Results demonstrated that elderberries have high potential in reducing cellular oxidative stress as well as in preventing inflammatory processes. Thus, elderberries have high potential as health promoters, acting as functional foods or as sources of nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine S. Ferreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab., University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Corresponding authors at: Chemistry Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (F.M. Nunes). Department of Biology and Environment (DeBA), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal (A.M. Silva).
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14
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Zhang S, Lin Z, Wang D, Xu X, Song C, Sun L, Mayo KH, Zhao Z, Zhou Y. Galactofuranose side chains in galactomannans from Penicillium spp. modulate galectin-8-mediated bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 292:119677. [PMID: 35725172 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from fungi have many bioactivities. Previous studies showed that galactomannans from Penicillium oxalicum antagonize galectin-8-mediated activity. Here, two intracellular and two extracellular galactomannans were purified and their structures were comparatively characterized by NMR, partial acid hydrolysis and methylation. All four of them were identified to be galactomannans with similar mannan backbones having 1,2-/1,6-linkages (~3:1) and various amounts of galactofuranan side chains. The interaction of those polysaccharides with galectin-8 was assessed by hemagglutination and biolayer interferometry. These results show that side chains are important for the interaction, and the more the side chains, the stronger the interaction. But the side chains alone did not show act on galectin-8, which indicated that the cooperation between backbone and side chains is another necessary factor for this interaction. Our findings provide important information about structure-activity relationships and the galactofuranose-containing galactomannans might be as potential therapeutic of galectin-8 related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Zhiying Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Kevin H Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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15
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Kedir WM, Deresa EM, Diriba TF. Pharmaceutical and drug delivery applications of pectin and its modified nanocomposites. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10654. [PMID: 36164543 PMCID: PMC9508417 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their natural availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, flexibility, as well as improved structural and functional characteristics, pectin and pectin-based nanocomposites have become an interesting area of numerous researchers. Pectin is a polysaccharide that comes from plants and is used in a variety of products. The significance of pectin polysaccharide and its modified nanocomposites in a number of applications has been shown in numerous reviews. On their uses in pharmaceutical and medication delivery, there are, however, few review publications. The majority of papers on pectin polysaccharide do not structure their explanations of drug distribution and medicinal application. The biological application of pectin nanocomposite is also explained in this review, along with a recent publication. As a result, the goal of this review was in-depth analysis to summarize biological application of pectin and its modified nanocomposites. Due to their exceptional physicochemical and biological characteristics, pectin and its nanocomposites are remarkable materials for medicinal applications. In addition to enhancing the immune system, controlling blood cholesterol, and other things, they have been shown to have anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial properties. Because of their biocompatibility and properties that allow for regulated release, they have also received a lot of interest as drug carriers in targeted drug delivery systems. They have been used to administer medications to treat cancer, inflammation, pain, Alzheimer's, bacteria, and relax muscles. This review found that pectin and its derivatives have better drug delivery efficiency and are viable candidates for a wide range of medicinal applications. It has been advised to conduct further research on the subject of toxicity in order to produce commercial formulations that can serve as both therapeutic agents and drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welela Meka Kedir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia
| | - Ebisa Mirete Deresa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tamiru Fayisa Diriba
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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16
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Mocanu ML, Amariei S. Elderberries—A Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antiviral Action. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060740. [PMID: 35336621 PMCID: PMC8948669 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the current context, when more and more unknown pathogens appear, healthy eating and supplementing it with natural products play an increasingly important role in maintaining the health of the body. The European black elder (Sambucus nigra), found in abundance in the spontaneous flora, can provide us, as a raw material, elderberries, which have been known for thousands of years as having nutritional and healing properties. The phytotherapeutic principles found in elderberry fruits give them antiviral, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties, antitumor potential, antioxidant, antidepressant and immune boosting properties, as well as a certain impacts on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Polyphenols and lectins give elderberry fruits the ability to inhibit coronaviruses, which is a topic of great interest in our times. This article summarizes the existing data regarding the chemical composition, active principles and biopharmaceutical properties of elderberries, as well as their use.
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17
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Liu HM, He MK, Yao YG, Qin Z, Cai XS, Wang XD. Pectic polysaccharides extracted from sesame seed hull: Physicochemical and functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1075-1083. [PMID: 34673100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to extract pectic polysaccharides from sesame seed hull and to determine their physicochemical and functional characteristics. The pectic polysaccharides in the seed hull were extracted with HCl and then collected at three ethanol concentrations of 30% (SSP30), 50% (SSP50), and 90% (SSP90). We found that SSP30 represented 75.6% of the total polysaccharides, and that it contained 76.39% galacturonic acid, with many HG domains and few short side chains in the RG-I domains. SSP30 exhibited the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity among the three fractions, and was better able to stabilize the emulsions. Higher Mw pectic polysaccharides were firstly precipitated at lower ethanol concentrations, and the Mw of the precipitated pectic polysaccharides decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. These results provide important information on the structure and functional characteristics of sesame hull polysaccharides. This information can contribute to the future development of sesame hull polysaccharides for industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng-Ke He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue-De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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18
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Ti H, Zhuang Z, Yu Q, Wang S. Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1385-1408. [PMID: 33833499 PMCID: PMC8020337 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s299120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases are serious threats to human health in both developing and developed countries. Although there is the continued development of new drugs from synthetic sources as antiviral agents, medicinal plants continue to provide the basic raw materials for some of the most important antiviral drugs. Alkaloids are a class of pharmacologically active plant compounds that are usually alkaline in nature. In this review, we tried to summarize recent progress in herb-based antiviral research, the advantages of using active plant compounds as antiviral agents, and the inflammatory responses initiated by alkaloids, based on the literature from 2009 to 2019, for the treatment of conditions, including influenza, human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections. Articles are retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science using relevant keywords. In particular, the alkaloids from medicinal plants responsible for the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory actions are identified and discussed. This review can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for using various alkaloids as antiviral treatments. More research is needed to develop alkaloidal compounds as antiviral therapeutic agents and potential regulators of the anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixi Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Institute of Analysis (China National Analytical Center, Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 510070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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19
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Structure analysis of a non-esterified homogalacturonan isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. and its adjuvant effect in OVA-immunized mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 177:422-429. [PMID: 33631260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and purified a pectin from Portulaca oleracea L. (P. oleracea), and analysed its structure by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The data indicated that this pectin (designated as POPW-HG) was a linear non-esterified homogalacturonan, which is unique in plants; its molecular weight was around 41.2 kDa. Meanwhile, POPW-HG as an adjuvant was evaluated in the mice immunized with OVA subcutaneously. OVA-specific antibody titres from the sera of immunized mice were tested by ELISA. It showed that POPW-HG significantly enhanced OVA-specific antibody titres (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b) (p < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner in the OVA-immunized mice, preliminarily indicating POPW-HG could increase an antibody response, Th1 and Th2 immune response. In addition, the ratio of IgG1/IgG2b suggested POPW-HG induced a Th2-biased response in the OVA-immunized mice. The results demonstrated POPW-HG could be a potential adjuvant candidate in vaccines.
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20
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Ali SI, Sheikh WM, Rather MA, Venkatesalu V, Muzamil Bashir S, Nabi SU. Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3447-3483. [PMID: 33590931 PMCID: PMC8013762 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019-nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
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21
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Wu J, Chen T, Wan F, Wang J, Li X, Li W, Ma L. Structural characterization of a polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum and its neuroprotective effect against β-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:352-363. [PMID: 33549666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated as LBP-3, was isolated and purified from Lycium barbarum. Chemical analysis indicated that LBP-3 was composed of arabinose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.00:1.56. The average molecular weight of LBP-3 was 6.74 × 104 Da. The structural features of LBP-3 were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). LBP-3 is a highly branched polysaccharide with a backbone of 1, 3-linked β-Galp, which is partially substituted at C-6. The branches contain 1, 5-linked α-Araf, 1, 6-linked β-Galp, 1, 3-linked α-Araf, and 1, 4-linked α-Araf. In vitro studies revealed that LBP-3 induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the levels of Aβ42/Aβ40 in N2a/APP695 cells. Proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate the potential molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of LBP-3, and the results suggested that LBP-3 might have the potential for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Wu
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; College of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fengqi Wan
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; The second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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22
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Bao Z, Yao L, Zhang X, Lin S. Isolation, purification, characterization, and immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula on RAW264.7 macrophages. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13516. [PMID: 33051900 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) was isolated by hot-water extraction and purified to evaluate its structural and immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results show that three kinds of Auricularia auricula polysaccharides (c-AAP) were obtained and named as AAP-I, AAP-II, and AAP-III Their further purification found that AAP-I and AAP-II were glycoproteins, and only AAP-III was a pure polysaccharide, which we named AAP for further experiments. Structural characteristics revealed that AAP was a homogeneous galactan comprising mannose, rhamnose, gluconic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 5.02:0.9:0.12:4.48:0.37:1.0:0.36, and the average molecular weight is approximately 23.51 kDa. Methylation analysis revealed that AAP mainly consisted of 1,4-linked-Glcp, 1,4,6-linked-Glcp, terminal Glcp, 1,4-linked-Manp, 1,2,6-linked-Manp, and terminal Arap. Furthermore, the in vitro immunomodulatory activities of AAP were evaluated by cell proliferation, NO production, and phagocytic ability using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results show that AAP not only promoted the activation of macrophages but also provided a scientific basis for the further use of AAP. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Three water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from Auricularia auricula of Changbai Mountain, two of which contained binding proteins. Determination of molecular weight, structure, and immunoreactivity of pure polysaccharide components. The result clearly demonstrated the benefits of this plant as a healthy functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Liqun Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
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Bartak M, Lange A, Słonska A, Cymerys J. Antiviral and healing potential of Sambucus nigra extracts. BIONATURA 2020. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2020.05.03.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of alternative methods instead of clinical treatment creates a new possibility to prevent the development of diseases. Medicinal plants such as Sambucus nigra have been well known due to their extraordinary properties. The similarity to synthetic substances makes it potentially dependable; however, a high concentration of cyanogenic glycosides may exert detrimental consequences. It has been documented that Sambucus nigra extracts are used against both human and animal viruses, like influenza A and B viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), dengue virus (DENV-2), human herpesvirus type 1 (HSV-1) and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Such reports are notably valuable especially considering the widespread usage of commercial drugs, which could be ineffective. This review provides insight on recent research on the health properties of plant Sambucus nigra as an antiviral medication that may help propose new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Bartak
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lange
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Experimental Ecology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Słonska
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Cymerys
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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24
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Zhang SJ, Hu TT, Chen YY, Wang S, Kang YF. Analysis of the polysaccharide fractions isolated from pea (Pisum sativum L.) at different levels of purification. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13248. [PMID: 32557695 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crude pea (Pisum sativum L.) polysaccharides (CPPs) were extracted under ultrasound assistance, and CPP yield was highest to 6.27381%, which optimized using response surface methodology. Enzymatic method was more effective in deproteinization than Trichloroacetic acid and Sevag method, when considering the polysaccharide retention value as well as the protein clearance. Three-phase partitioning deproteinization indicated that the combination of the enzyme and Sevag method was more effective than their single use. Pea polysaccharide fractions were obtained by diethylaminoethyl-52 cellulose (W-DE-PP, N-DE-PP1, and N-DE-PP2) and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography (W-DE-GPP, N1-DE-GPPa, and N1-DE-GPPb) in that order. Polysaccharide fractions W-DE-GPP and N1-DE-GPPa were showed a smooth surface with many cavities by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in 1,000 folds. All polysaccharides, characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose, with the highest concentrations of galactose and glucose. Compared with different purification levels, N-DE-GPP showed the strongest activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals and the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power, which were similar to the results of W-DE-GPP. Therefore, W-DE-GPP and N-DE-GPP may be promising natural sources of antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Recently, numerous studies on the extraction, purification, characteristics, and bioactivities of polysaccharides have been conducted. We mainly focused on the functional compounds of legumes. Comprehensive studies on pea polysaccharides are limited. Therefore, in the present study, extraction of CPPs was performed to optimize conditions using response surface methodology. Polysaccharide fractions were obtained from different purification levels and were chemically characterized using HPLC and SEM. Antioxidant activities of polysaccharides with different purification levels were determined. All the conventional methods, described in previous studies, were applied in the study. Furthermore, we analyzed and compared the characteristics of polysaccharides at different purification levels. We believe that our results would likely supplement the fundamental studies on pea polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jie Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Community Health, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Ting Ting Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya Yun Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- School of Community Health, Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Yu Fan Kang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
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25
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Ferreira SS, Silva AM, Nunes FM. Sambucus nigra L. Fruits and Flowers: Chemical Composition and Related Bioactivities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1788578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine S. Ferreira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Biology and Environment, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernando M. Nunes
- Chemistry Research Center – Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Lab, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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26
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Isolation, purification, and structural characterization of polysaccharides from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and their immunostimulatory activity in RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:270-278. [PMID: 32619666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three water-soluble polysaccharides (AMAP-1, AMAP-2 and AMAP-3) were isolated and purified from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma by using the combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The structures of the polysaccharides were characterized by chemical derivatization, HPGC, GC-MS, FT-IR, and NMR techniques. Structural analyses show that the three polysaccharides are pectin-type macromolecules consisting of homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan type I (RG-I) regions in different ratios. Immunostimulatory assay highlighted that the RG-I-rich AMAP-1 and AMAP-2 with high molecular weights can stimulate RAW264.7 macrophages to release nitric oxide, but HG-rich AMAP-3 with a low molecular weight cannot. This finding suggests that the immune activity may be related to the side chains of the RG-I region, which provides a certain theoretical guidance for further exploring the structure-activity relationship. Meanwhile, AMAP-1 and AMAP-2, especially AMAP-2, from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma show potential as immune adjuvants.
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27
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Song Y, Wen P, Hao H, Zhu M, Sun Y, Zou Y, Requena T, Huang R, Wang H. Structural Features of Three Hetero-Galacturonans from Passiflora foetida Fruits and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E615. [PMID: 32182663 PMCID: PMC7182839 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Passiflora foetida is a horticultural plant and vital traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In our previous study, the characterization and immuno-enhancing effect of fruits polysaccharide 1 (PFP1), a water-eluted hetero-mannan from wild Passiflora foetida fruits, were investigated. Herein, another three salt-eluted novel polysaccharides, namely PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4, were obtained and structurally characterized. The results showed that PFP2, PFP3, and PFP4 were three structurally similar hetero-galacturonans with different molecular weights of 6.11 × 104, 4.37 × 104, and 3.48 × 105 g/mol, respectively. All three of these hetero-galacturonans are mainly composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose (75.69%, 80.39%, and 74.30%, respectively), and other monosaccharides including mannose, fucose, glucose, ribose, xylose, and glucuronic acid (24.31%, 19.61, and 25.70%, respectively), although differences in their backbone structure exist. Additionally, immunomodulatory assay indicated that the three hetero-galacturonans possess the ability to promote the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Especially, PFP3 displayed a stronger enhancing effect than PFP2 and PFP4 at the minimum effective concentration. Therefore, the results suggested that the obtained three salt-eluted hetero-galacturonans, especially PFP3, could be utilized as immunomodulatory effectivity ingredients in nutritional/pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huili Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Minqian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuanming Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Teresa Requena
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias de la Alimentacion CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolas Cabrera, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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28
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Meng Y, Yi L, Chen L, Hao J, Li DX, Xue J, Xu NY, Zhang ZQ. Purification, structure characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Saposhnikovia divaricata. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:792-800. [PMID: 31703760 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide from traditional Chinese herb, Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. (SD) was extracted, fractionated and characterized in this work. Four fractions were prepared. Their molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, linkage modes and structural properties were characterized with SEC-MALS-RI, HPAEC-PAD, GC-MS and NMR. SDP1 was assigned as a 1, 4-α-glucan with small amount of O-6 linked branches. SDP2 contained a big amount of the 1, 4-α-glucan and a small amount of arabinogalactan, while SDP3 possessed relatively lower amount of the 1, 4-α-glucan and a big amount of the arabinogalactan. SDP4 was defined as a pectic arabinogalactan. Four fractions showed antioxidant activities in both molecular and cellular levels and their activity was ranked as SDP4 ≈ SDP3>SDP2>SDP1. The 1, 4-α-glucan in SDP1 had the weakest, while SDP3 and SDP4 showed similar and the highest antioxidant activity. The arabinogalactan was the major component of both SDP3 and SDP4, which significantly contributed to the antioxidant activity of SDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Hao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Du-Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Xue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nai-Yu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China
| | - Zhen-Qing Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou 215021, China.
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29
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Chakraborty I, Sen IK, Mondal S, Rout D, Bhanja SK, Maity GN, Maity P. Bioactive polysaccharides from natural sources: A review on the antitumor and immunomodulating activities. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Mironova LG, Nemtarev AV, Vyshtakalyuk AB, Kholin KV, Nizameeva GR, Milyukov VA. Synthesis, properties, and antianemic activity of new metal complexes of sodium pectinate with iron and calcium. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Huang C, Yao R, Zhu Z, Pang D, Cao X, Feng B, Paulsen BS, Li L, Yin Z, Chen X, Jia R, Song X, Ye G, Luo Q, Chen Z, Zou Y. A pectic polysaccharide from water decoction of Xinjiang Lycium barbarum fruit protects against intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:508-514. [PMID: 30826406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutral polysaccharides from Ningxia L. barbarum fruit have been reported with immunomodulatory and antioxidative biological activities. Few studies on pectic polysaccharides have been reported, especially not from the Xinjiang L. barbarum. In the present study, a pectic polysaccharide, XLBP-I-I, was obtained from water decoction of Xinjiang L. barbarum using anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The results from methanolysis, methylation, FT-IR and NMR experiments indicated that XLBP-I-I was a typical pectic polysaccharide. In vitro assay showed that XLBP-I-I could reduce the ER stress and UPR in tunicamycin insult IPEC-J2 cells, and further protect IPEC-J2 cells against apoptosis induced by ER stress. These results reveal a new perspective for pectic L. barbarum polysaccharides on intestine ER stress, and this elicited interests for its further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruyu Yao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhongkai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Dejiang Pang
- Neuroscience & Metabolism Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiyue Cao
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | | | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Renrong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Qihui Luo
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
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32
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Song YR, Han AR, Lim TG, Lee EJ, Hong HD. Isolation, purification, and characterization of novel polysaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves and their immunostimulatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:546-555. [PMID: 30685309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a crude water-soluble polysaccharide (LLWP-C) was extracted from lotus leaves and further purified by size exclusion chromatography, to obtain the two main polysaccharides, LLWP-1 and LLWP-3. Physical and chemical analyses showed that they were homogeneous polysaccharides in β-type glycosidic linkage. LLWP-1 was devoid of helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 85.1 kDa and was mainly composed of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, and GalA in a molar ratio of 7.0:24.8:28.0:6.0:26.4. LLWP-3 showed a helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa and consisted mainly of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, Man, and GalA in a molar ratio of 6.6:9.8:15.0:8.9:6.1:47.2. It was demonstrated that LLWP-C and both purified LLWP-1 and LLWP-3 could effectively enhance the proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO), and cytokine secretions by activating corresponding mRNA expression in macrophages, via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. LLWP-3 displayed the greatest immunostimulatory potential, followed by LLWP-1 and LLWP-C. These findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from lotus leaf exert immunostimulatory activity that could be further investigated to develop functional foods and natural immunopotentiating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Han
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Minzanova ST, Mironov VF, Arkhipova DM, Khabibullina AV, Mironova LG, Zakirova YM, Milyukov VA. Biological Activity and Pharmacological Application of Pectic Polysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1407. [PMID: 30961332 PMCID: PMC6401843 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a polymer with a core of alternating α-1,4-linked d-galacturonic acid and α-1,2-l-rhamnose units, as well as a variety of neutral sugars such as arabinose, galactose, and lesser amounts of other sugars. Currently, native pectins have been compared to modified ones due to the development of natural medicines and health products. In this review, the results of a study of the bioactivity of pectic polysaccharides, including its various pharmacological applications, such as its immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor activities, have been summarized. The potential of pectins to contribute to the enhancement of drug delivery systems has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima T Minzanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Vladimir F Mironov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Daria M Arkhipova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Anna V Khabibullina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Lubov G Mironova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
| | - Yulia M Zakirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan University, KFU, Kazan 420008, Russia.
| | - Vasili A Milyukov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420088, Russia.
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Sims IM, Carnachan SM, Bell TJ, Hinkley SF. Methylation analysis of polysaccharides: Technical advice. Carbohydr Polym 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yao R, Huang C, Chen X, Yin Z, Fu Y, Li L, Feng B, Song X, He C, Yue G, Jing B, Lv C, Su G, Ye G, Zou Y. Two complement fixing pectic polysaccharides from pedicel of Lycium barbarum L. promote cellular antioxidant defense. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:356-363. [PMID: 29409772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Purification, characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum pedicel were investigated in this study. Two polysaccharides, PLBP-I-I and PLBP-II-I, were obtained from water extracts by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Structural elucidation based on IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra indicated that these two fractions were typical pectic polysaccharides, with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan side chains, and some of the galacturonic acid units were methyl esterified. Both fractions exhibited potent complement fixating activity and pro-antioxidant defense capacity, and those two fractions showed different activities. The higher complement fixation activity was obtained in fraction PLBP-I-I, while the higher pro-antioxidant defense capacity was obtained in fraction PLBP-II-I, which may be due to the structural differences between those two fractions. Thus, the pedicel of L. barbarum could be used as a potential source for natural immunomodulator and antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China; Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Chao Huang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xingfu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Su
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Ye
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, PR China.
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Akram M, Tahir IM, Shah SMA, Mahmood Z, Altaf A, Ahmad K, Munir N, Daniyal M, Nasir S, Mehboob H. Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus: A systematic review. Phytother Res 2018; 32:811-822. [PMID: 29356205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections resistant to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a serious health concern. For viral hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely are not ultimate solutions due to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and especially of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities need to be improved, complemented with the discovery of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The articles, published in the English language since 1982 to 2017, were included from Web of Science, Cochrane Library, AMED, CISCOM, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed by using relevant keywords including plants possessing antiviral activity, the antiviral effects of plants, and plants used in viral disorders. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. However, the data from only 36 families investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. The inferences from scientific literature review, focusing on potential therapeutic consequences of medicinal plants on experimental models of HIV, HSV, influenza, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus have ascertained the curative antiviral potential of plants. Fifty-four medicinal plants belonging to 36 different families having antiviral potential were documented. Out of 54 plants, 27 individually belong to particular plant families. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, those are Sambucus nigra, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Hypericum connatum, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal models. Consequently, the original research addressing the development of novel nutraceuticals based on listed medicinal plants is highly recommended for the management of viral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Directorate of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- Department of Eastern Medicine, University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Suhaila Nasir
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Mehboob
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Purification, characterization, and complement fixation activity of acidic polysaccharides from Tuber sinoaestivum. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Huang C, Cao X, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Luo Q, Li L, Song X, Jia R, Yin Z, Feng B, Zou Y. A pectic polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong promotes intestine antioxidant defense in aged mice. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:915-922. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Georgiev YN, Paulsen BS, Kiyohara H, Ciz M, Ognyanov MH, Vasicek O, Rise F, Denev PN, Yamada H, Lojek A, Kussovski V, Barsett H, Krastanov AI, Yanakieva IZ, Kratchanova MG. The common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) pectic polysaccharides modulate phagocytic leukocytes and intestinal Peyer’s patch cells. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:948-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Zou YF, Fu YP, Chen XF, Austarheim I, Inngjerdingen KT, Huang C, Lei FY, Song X, Li L, Ye G, Eticha LD, Yin Z, Paulsen BS. Polysaccharides with immunomodulating activity from roots of Gentiana crassicaulis. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 172:306-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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A Pectic Polysaccharide from Sijunzi Decoction Promotes the Antioxidant Defenses of SW480 Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22081341. [PMID: 28805701 PMCID: PMC6152311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sijunzi Decoction (SJZD) is a formula used for the treatment of spleen deficiency and gastrointestinal diseases in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Polysaccharides are reported to be the main components of SJZD responsible for its bio-functions. However, highly purified and clearly characterized polysaccharides from SJZD are not well described. Here we obtained a purified polysaccharide (SJZDP-II-I) from SJZD using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Structure analysis by FT-IR and NMR identified SJZDP-II-I as a typical pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan type I and II as side chains. In vitro studies indicated that SJZDP-II-I treatment could significantly enhance the total antioxidant capacity of SW480 cells, resulting from the promoted expressions of antioxidant enzymes and their master regulator PGC-1α, which would be valuable for further research and applications.
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Georgiev YN, Paulsen BS, Kiyohara H, Ciz M, Ognyanov MH, Vasicek O, Rise F, Denev PN, Lojek A, Batsalova TG, Dzhambazov BM, Yamada H, Lund R, Barsett H, Krastanov AI, Yanakieva IZ, Kratchanova MG. Tilia tomentosa pectins exhibit dual mode of action on phagocytes as β-glucuronic acid monomers are abundant in their rhamnogalacturonans I. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:178-191. [PMID: 28917854 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Silver linden flowers contain different pectins (PSI-PSIII) with immunomodulating properties. PSI is a low-esterified pectic polysaccharide with predominant homogalacturonan region, followed by rhamnogalacturonan I (RGI) with arabinogalactan II and RGII (traces) domains. PSII and PSIII are unusual glucuronidated RGI polymers. PSIII is a unique high molecular weight RGI, having almost completely O-3 glucuronidated GalA units with >30% O-3 acetylation at the Rha units. Linden pectins induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO generation from non-stimulated whole blood phagocytes and macrophages, resp., but suppressed OZP-(opsonized zymosan particles)-activated ROS generation, LPS-induced iNOS expression and NO production. This dual mode of action suggests their anti-inflammatory activity, which is known for silver linden extracts. PSI expressed the highest complement fixation and macrophage-stimulating activities and was active on intestinal Peyer's patch cells. PSIII was active on non-stimulated neutrophils, as it induced ß2-integrin expression, revealing that acetylated and highly glucuronidated RGI exhibits immunomodulating properties via phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan N Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Innovative-Technological Center Ltd., 20 Dr. G. M. Dimitrov Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hiroaki Kiyohara
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, JP-108-8641, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Milan Ciz
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manol H Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Innovative-Technological Center Ltd., 20 Dr. G. M. Dimitrov Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center - Center of Biomolecular and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, 53 Pekarska, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petko N Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Innovative-Technological Center Ltd., 20 Dr. G. M. Dimitrov Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Antonin Lojek
- Department of Free Radical Pathophysiology, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tsvetelina G Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Balik M Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Haruki Yamada
- Department of Drug Discovery Science, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, JP-108-8641, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, NO-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Albert I Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., BG-4002, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Irina Z Yanakieva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Innovative-Technological Center Ltd., 20 Dr. G. M. Dimitrov Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria G Kratchanova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Innovative-Technological Center Ltd., 20 Dr. G. M. Dimitrov Str., BG-4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Wang M, Liu Y, Qiang M, Wang J. Structural elucidation of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Hovenia dulcis peduncles and its proliferative activity on RAW264.7 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 104:1246-1253. [PMID: 28715863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an acidic polysaccharide HDP3A was isolated from Hovenia dulcis peduncles with 45.9% of uronic acid content. Structure of HDP3A was elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analysis. HDP3A was mainly contained of galacturonic acid, galactose, rhamnose and arabinose with a small quantity of xylose, fucose, mannose, glucose. The structural analysis indicated that HDP3A was a pectin-type polysaccharide with HG and RG-I regions and hairy regions. HG was linear homopolymer with repeating units of (1→4)-α-d-galactopyranosyl uronic (GalA) residues. The GalpA residues in HG domain may be acetylated and/or methyl-esterified. The backbone of RG-I contains repeating units of [→α-GalpA-1,2)-α-Rhap-1,4→]n and the hairy regions attached in the Rha at position O-4. Hairy regions were mainly composed of galactans, arabinans, arabinogalactans, glucans, mannans and xylans. The immunomodulatory activities of HDP3A and its reduced (HDP3A-R) and hydrolyzed product (HDP3A-0.1) in vitro on macrophages were determined. The three polysaccharide fractions all stimulated the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells and the order of the proliferative effects was HDP3A>HDP3A-R>HDP3A-0.1, indicating that the immune effects of pectin-type polysaccharides were related to branches and molecular weight. Consequently, HDP3A could be as a potential source for the proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Mingliang Qiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Ho GTT, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030584. [PMID: 28282861 PMCID: PMC5372600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of complement activity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages and dendritic cells may have therapeutic value in inflammatory diseases. Elderberry and elderflower extracts, constituents, and metabolites were investigated for their effects on the complement system, and on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages and murine dendritic D2SC/I cells. The EtOH crude extracts from elderberry and elderflower and the isolated anthocyanins and procyanidins possessed strong complement fixating activity and strong inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW cells and dendritic cells. Phenolic compounds in the range of 0.1–100 µM showed a dose-dependent inhibition of NO production, with quercetin, rutin, and kaempferol as the most potent ones. Among the metabolites, caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effects on NO production in both cell lines, without having cytotoxic effect. Only 4-methylcatechol was cytotoxic at the highest tested concentration (100 µM). Elderberry and elderflower constituents may possess inflammatory modulating activity, which increases their nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thanh Thi Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hilde Barsett
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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45
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Porter RS, Bode RF. A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products. Phytother Res 2017; 31:533-554. [PMID: 28198157 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) has a long ethnobotanical history across many disparate cultures as a treatment for viral infection and is currently one of the most-used medicinal plants worldwide. Until recently, however, substantial scientific research concerning its antiviral properties has been lacking. Here, we evaluate the state of current scientific research concerning the use of elderberry extract and related products as antivirals, particularly in the treatment of influenza, as well as their safety and health impacts as dietary supplements. While the extent of black elder's antiviral effects are not well known, antiviral and antimicrobial properties have been demonstrated in these extracts, and the safety of black elder is reflected by the United States Food and Drug Administration approval as generally recognized as safe. A deficit of studies comparing these S. nigra products and standard antiviral medications makes informed and detailed recommendations for use of S. nigra extracts in medical applications currently impractical. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall S Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert F Bode
- Department of Biology, Saint Martin's University, Lacey, WA, USA
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Zou YF, Fu YP, Chen XF, Austarheim I, Inngjerdingen KT, Huang C, Eticha LD, Song X, Li L, Feng B, He CL, Yin ZQ, Paulsen BS. Purification and Partial Structural Characterization of a Complement Fixating Polysaccharide from Rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Molecules 2017; 22:E287. [PMID: 28216596 PMCID: PMC6155779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong is an effective medical plant, which has been extensively applied for centuries in migraine and cardiovascular diseases treatment in China. Polysaccharides from this plant have been shown to have interesting bioactivities, but previous studies have only been performed on the neutral polysaccharides. In this study, LCP-I-I, a pectic polysaccharide fraction, was obtained from the 100 °C water extracts of L. chuangxiong rhizomes and purified by diethylaminethyl (DEAE) sepharose anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Monosaccharide analysis and linkage determination in addition to Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum, indicated that LCP-I-I is a typical pectic polysaccharide, with homo-galacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan type I regions and arabinogalactan type I and type II (AG-I/AG-II) side chains. LCP-I-I exhibited potent complement fixation activity, ICH50 of 26.3 ± 2.2 µg/mL, and thus has potential as a natural immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Feng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Yu-Ping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Xing-Fu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Ingvild Austarheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kari Tvete Inngjerdingen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Chao Huang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Lemlem Dugassa Eticha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Bin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Chang-Liang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China.
| | - Berit Smestad Paulsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Ho GTT, Kase ET, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Elderflowers on Glucose- and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Myotubes and HepG2-Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E90. [PMID: 28067838 PMCID: PMC6155811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is manifested by progressive metabolic impairments in tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, and these tissues become less responsive to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. In the present study, stimulation of glucose and oleic acid uptake by elderflower extracts, constituents and metabolites were tested in vitro using the HepG2 hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line and human skeletal muscle cells. Among the crude extracts, the 96% EtOH extract showed the highest increase in glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells and HepG2-cells. The flavonoids and phenolic acids contained therein were potent stimulators of glucose and fatty acid uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the phenolic constituents and several of the metabolites showed high antioxidant activity and showed considerably higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose. Elderflower might therefore be valuable as a functional food against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thanh Thi Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Helle Wangensteen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Hilde Barsett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Ho GTT, Zou YF, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. RG-I regions from elderflower pectins substituted on GalA are strong immunomodulators. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:731-738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Liu W, Liu Y, Zhu R, Yu J, Lu W, Pan C, Yao W, Gao X. Structure characterization, chemical and enzymatic degradation, and chain conformation of an acidic polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 147:114-124. [PMID: 27178915 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An acidic polysaccharide, named as p-LBP, was isolated from Lycium barbarum L. by water extraction and purified by decoloration, ion exchange chromatography, dialysis and gel chromatography, successively. The primary structure analysis was determined by HPAEC-PAD, HPSEC, FT-IR, GC-MS, and NMR. The results showed p-LBP was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide as a pectin molecule with an average molecular weight of 64kDa p-LBP was an approximately 87nm hollow sphere in 0.05mol/L sodium sulfate solution determined by HPSEC-MALLS, DLS and TEM. A discussion of degradation patterns gave the detailed structural information of p-LBP. Therefore, the results from degraded fragments elucidated that the backbone of p-LBP was formed by →4-α-GalpA-(1→, repeatedly. Partial region was connected by →4-α-GalpA-(1→ and →2-α-Rhap-(1→, alternatively. On the C-4 of partial →2-α-Rhap-(1→ residues existed branches forming by →4-β-Galp-(1→, →3-β-Galp-(1→ or →5-α-Araf-(1→, while on the C-6 of partial →3-β-Galp-(1→ residues existed secondary branches forming by terminal-α-Araf, terminal-β-Galp or →3-α-Araf-(1→.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Juping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weisheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chun Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Freysdottir J, Logadottir OT, Omarsdottir SS, Vikingsson A, Hardardottir I. A polysaccharide fraction from Achillea millefolium increases cytokine secretion and reduces activation of Akt, ERK and NF-κB in THP-1 monocytes. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 143:131-8. [PMID: 27083352 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Achillea millefolium has been used in traditional medicine for a number of ailments, including skin inflammation and wounds. A polysaccharide fraction (Am-25-d) isolated from aqueous extract from A. millefolium had an average molecular weight of 270 kDa and a monosaccharide composition of GalA, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Rha in molar ratio of 28:26:23:9:7. THP-1 cells primed with IFN-γ and stimulated with LPS in the presence of Am-25-d secreted more IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-23 and TNF-α than THP-1 cells stimulated in the absence of Am-25-d. However, when added to unstimulated cells Am-25-d did not increase secretion of the cytokines examined. Stimulating THP-1 monocytes in the presence of Am-25-d led to decreased nuclear concentrations of NF-κB and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt kinases compared with that when the cells were stimulated without Am-25-d. These findings indicate that Am-25-d isolated from A. millefolium has immunoenhancing properties that may be mediated via the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Freysdottir
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Oddny T Logadottir
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Immunology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Sesselja S Omarsdottir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Arnor Vikingsson
- Center for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Eiriksgata, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ingibjorg Hardardottir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyrarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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