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Sha Y, Liu X, Li X, Wang Z, Shao P, Jiao T, He Y, Zhao S. Succession of rumen microbiota and metabolites across different reproductive periods in different sheep breeds and their impact on the growth and development of offspring lambs. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:172. [PMID: 39267132 PMCID: PMC11397069 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota and metabolites in the gastrointestinal tracts of female animals at different reproductive periods are very important to the growth, development, and health of themselves and their offspring. However, the changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolites throughout reproductive period of different sheep breeds and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs are still unclear. Hence, this study presents an assessment of the reproductive hormone levels, immune levels, rumen microbiota, and metabolites in Hu sheep and Suffolk ewes at different reproductive periods and their effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. RESULTS Hu sheep and Suffolk during non-pregnancy, pregnancy, and lactation were used as the research objects to determine reproductive and immune indexes of ewes at different periods, analyze rumen microbiome and metabolome, and track the growth performance and development of offspring lambs. The results showed that the reproductive hormone and immune levels of Hu sheep and Suffolk underwent adaptive changes across different reproductive periods. Compared with non-pregnancy, the microbial energy metabolism and lipid metabolism function decreased during Hu sheep pregnancy, and energy metabolism function decreased during lactation. In Suffolk, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and metabolism function were enhanced during pregnancy, and the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins was enhanced during lactation. Prevotella increased in Suffolk during pregnancy and lactation (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated with the birth weight and body size of the lambs (P < 0.05). Moreover, the abundances of Butyrivibrio and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group during pregnancy were positively correlated with the intestinal immunity of the offspring lambs (P < 0.05), thereby regulating the intestinal immunity level of the lambs. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the protein digestion, absorption, and amino acid metabolism of Hu sheep were enhanced during pregnancy, which provided amino acids for the growth and development of pregnant ewes and fetuses and was significantly correlated with the birth weight, body size, and intestinal immunity of lambs (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, there was an increase in acetate and propionate during the pregnancy and lactation period of both Hu sheep and Suffolk, providing energy for ewes during reproductive period. Moreover, the microbiota during the lactation period was significantly correlated with the milk quality and lambs daily gain (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the characteristic succession changes in the rumen microbiota and its metabolites at different reproductive periods in sheep breeds and their regulation of reproductive hormone and immune levels and identified their potential effects on the growth and development of offspring lambs. The findings provide valuable insights into the health and feeding management of different sheep breeds during the reproductive stage. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Sha
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiongxiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University / Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education / Sino-US Grassland Animal Husbandry Sustainable Development Research Center, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Pengyang Shao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agricultural University / Key Laboratory for Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education / Sino-US Grassland Animal Husbandry Sustainable Development Research Center, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yanyu He
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Vesoulis ZA, Diggs S, Brackett C, Sullivan B. Racial and geographic disparities in neonatal brain care. Semin Perinatol 2024; 48:151925. [PMID: 38897830 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we explore race-based disparities in neonatology and their impact on brain injury and neurodevelopmental outcomes. We discuss the historical context of healthcare discrimination, focusing on the post-Civil War era and the segregation of healthcare facilities. We highlight the increasing disparity in infant mortality rates between Black and White infants, with premature birth being a major contributing factor, and emphasize the role of prenatal factors such as metabolic syndrome and toxic stress in affecting neonatal health. Furthermore, we examine the geographic and historical aspects of racial disparities, including the consequences of redlining and limited access to healthcare facilities or nutritious food options in Black communities. Finally, we delve into the higher incidence of brain injuries in Black neonates, as well as disparities in adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. This evidence underscores the need for comprehensive efforts to address systemic racism and provide equitable access to healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Vesoulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Diggs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cherise Brackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia, USA
| | - Brynne Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Virginia, USA
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Li L, Li L, Shao Y, Du R, Li L, Shi X, Bai Y. Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV in trophoblast cells under insulin resistance: functional and metabolomic analyses. Mol Med 2023; 29:82. [PMID: 37386367 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) is an important determinant of glucose metabolic disturbance and placental dysplasia in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CAMK4) improves insulin IR induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The current study sought to elucidate the role and potential mechanism of CAMK4 in GDM. METHODS A GDM model was established in female C57BL/6J mice via HFD feeding for one week before mating and throughout gestation. The IR was elicited by 10-6 M insulin treatment for 48 h in HTR-8/SVneo cells and mouse primary trophoblast cells. The function of CAMK4 was investigated by transfection of overexpression plasmid in HTR-8/SVneo cells and infection of lentivirus loaded with CAMK4 encoding sequence in primary trophoblast cells. Real-time PCR, western blot, cell counting kit-8, transwell, wound healing, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics were performed to confirm the effects of CAMK4 on trophoblast cells. RESULTS Decreased CAMK4 expression was found in the placenta of GDM mice. CAMK4 overexpression ameliorated IR-induced viability impairment, migratory and invasive capacity inhibition, autophagy blocking, insulin signaling inactivation and glucose uptake disorder in trophoblast cells. CAMK4 also transcriptionally activated orphan nuclear receptor NUR77, and the effects of CAMK4 were abrogated by silencing of NUR77. Metabolomics analysis revealed that CAMK4 overexpression caused alterations of amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which were important in GDM. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CAMK4/NUR77 axis may provide novel potential targets in GDM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Runyu Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Placental Malfunction, Fetal Survival and Development Caused by Sow Metabolic Disorder: The Impact of Maternal Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020360. [PMID: 36829919 PMCID: PMC9951909 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The energy and metabolic state of sows will alter considerably over different phases of gestation. Maternal metabolism increases dramatically, particularly in late pregnancy. This is accompanied by the development of an increase in oxidative stress, which has a considerable negative effect on the maternal and the placenta. As the only link between the maternal and the fetus, the placenta is critical for the maternal to deliver nutrients to the fetus and for the fetus' survival and development. This review aimed to clarify the changes in energy and metabolism in sows during different pregnancy periods, as well as the impact of maternal oxidative stress on the placenta, which affects the fetus' survival and development.
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Cosemans C, Wang C, Alfano R, Martens DS, Sleurs H, Dockx Y, Vanbrabant K, Janssen BG, Vanpoucke C, Lefebvre W, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. In utero particulate matter exposure in association with newborn mitochondrial ND4L 10550A>G heteroplasmy and its role in overweight during early childhood. Environ Health 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36117180 PMCID: PMC9484069 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play an important role in the energy metabolism and are susceptible to environmental pollution. Prenatal air pollution exposure has been linked with childhood obesity. Placental mtDNA mutations have been associated with prenatal particulate matter exposure and MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy has been associated with BMI in adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that in utero PM2.5 exposure is associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy and early life growth. In addition, the role of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in overweight during early childhood is investigated. METHODS This study included 386 mother-newborn pairs. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were determined at the maternal residential address. Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was determined using Droplet Digital PCR. Associations were explored using logistic regression models and distributed lag linear models. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effects of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. RESULTS Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with childhood overweight during the whole pregnancy (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.51; p = 0.01), which was mainly driven by the second trimester. In addition, prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy from gestational week 9 - 13. The largest effect was observed in week 10, where a 5 µg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was linked with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99). Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was also linked with childhood overweight (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.15 to 7.50; p = 0.02). The effect of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight was mainly direct (total effect OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36; natural direct effect OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.36)) and was not mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was linked with childhood overweight. In addition, in utero exposure to PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in newborns. Our analysis did not reveal any mediation of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in the association between PM2.5 exposure and childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Congrong Wang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Vanbrabant
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Minoia JM, Filia MF, Roma MI, De Fino FT, Copello GJ, Peroni RN. Selective modulation of placental and fetal MDR transporters by chronic in utero exposure to NRTIs in Sprague-Dawley rats: Importance for fetoprotection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 450:116170. [PMID: 35843342 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters present in placenta and fetal tissues reduce intracellular accumulation of their substrates. Consequently, induction of protein expression may further reduce toxic effects of specific xenobiotics. This work aimed to study whether sustained drug treatments in utero could modulate MDR transporters P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2 and thus impact their fetoprotective action. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were daily treated by gavage with zidovudine (AZT, 60 mg/kg) or lamivudine (3TC, 30 mg/kg) from gestation day (GD) 11 to 20. On GD 21, DNA damage and MDR protein abundance were assessed by comet assay and western blotting, respectively. Moreover, a single IV dose of AZT or 3TC was administered on GD 21 and drug concentrations were measured in maternal blood and fetal liver by HPLC-UV. Chronic exposure to 3TC caused significantly higher DNA damage than AZT in fetal liver cells, whereas no differences were observed in maternal blood cells. Increased levels of BCRP protein were found in the placenta and fetal liver after AZT, but not 3TC, chronic in utero exposure. Contrarily, no modifications in the protein abundance of P-gp or MRP2 were found after sustained exposure to these drugs. The area under the curve of AZT in fetal liver was significantly lower in the AZT-pretreated rats than in the VEH or 3TC groups. Moreover, pre-administration of the BCRP inhibitor gefitinib (20 mg/kg, IP) increased AZT levels to the values observed in the VEH-treated group in this tissue. On the other hand, the disposition of 3TC in maternal blood or fetal liver was not modified after chronic treatment in either group. In conclusion, chronic exposure to AZT selectively induces BCRP expression in the placenta and fetal liver decreasing its own accumulation which may account for the lower DNA damage observed for AZT compared to 3TC in fetal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mauricio Minoia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Fernanda Filia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Ignacio Roma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental e Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Teresa De Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Javier Copello
- Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental e Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roxana Noemí Peroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Farmacología, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Expression of ABCA1 Transporter and LXRA/LXRB Receptors in Placenta of Women with Late Onset Preeclampsia. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164809. [PMID: 36013052 PMCID: PMC9410380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Appropriate levels of cholesterol are necessary for the mother and developing fetus, but theirexcess may cause preeclampsia. The ABCA1 transporter mediates the secretion of cholesterol and is highly regulated at the transcriptional level via the nuclear liver X receptors (LXRs). Methods: Sixteen preeclamptic and 39 normotensives healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were involved in the case-control study. The placental levels of ABCA1, LXRA and LXRB mRNA were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The concentrations of ABCA1, LXRA and LXRB proteins from the placenta were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Results: We found in the logistic regression model significantly lower placental expression of LXRB mRNA (crude OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.07–0.94, p = 0.040) and LXRA protein level (crude OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05–0.69, p = 0.012) in late-onset preeclamptic women compared to healthy pregnant women. The values remained statistically significant after adjustment for possible confounders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high placenta LXRA mRNA and LXRA protein expression levels decrease the risk of late-onset preeclampsia. These nuclear receptors could play a role in the development of preeclampsia through disturbances of lipid metabolism.
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Sharma R, Frasch MG, Zelgert C, Zimmermann P, Fabre B, Wilson R, Waldenberger M, MacDonald JW, Bammler TK, Lobmaier SM, Antonelli MC. Maternal-fetal stress and DNA methylation signatures in neonatal saliva: an epigenome-wide association study. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:87. [PMID: 35836289 PMCID: PMC9281078 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal stress before, during and after pregnancy has profound effects on the development and lifelong function of the infant's neurocognitive development. We hypothesized that the programming of the central nervous system (CNS), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS) induced by prenatal stress (PS) is reflected in electrophysiological and epigenetic biomarkers. In this study, we aimed to find noninvasive epigenetic biomarkers of PS in the newborn salivary DNA. RESULTS A total of 728 pregnant women were screened for stress exposure using Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), 164 women were enrolled, and 114 dyads were analyzed. Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (PDQ) was also administered to assess specific pregnancy worries. Transabdominal fetal electrocardiograms (taECG) were recorded to derive coupling between maternal and fetal heart rates resulting in a 'Fetal Stress Index' (FSI). Upon delivery, we collected maternal hair strands for cortisol measurements and newborn's saliva for epigenetic analyses. DNA was extracted from saliva samples, and DNA methylation was measured using EPIC BeadChip array (850 k CpG sites). Linear regression was used to identify associations between PSS/PDQ/FSI/Cortisol and DNA methylation. We found epigenome-wide significant associations for 5 CpG with PDQ and cortisol at FDR < 5%. Three CpGs were annotated to genes (Illumina Gene annotation file): YAP1, TOMM20 and CSMD1, and two CpGs were located approximately lay at 50 kb from SSBP4 and SCAMP1. In addition, two differentiated methylation regions (DMR) related to maternal stress measures PDQ and cortisol were found: DAXX and ARL4D. CONCLUSIONS Genes annotated to these CpGs were found to be involved in secretion and transportation, nuclear signaling, Hippo signaling pathways, apoptosis, intracellular trafficking and neuronal signaling. Moreover, some CpGs are annotated to genes related to autism, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and schizophrenia. However, our results should be viewed as hypothesis generating until replicated in a larger sample. Early assessment of such noninvasive PS biomarkers will allow timelier detection of babies at risk and a more effective allocation of resources for early intervention programs to improve child development. A biomarker-guided early intervention strategy is the first step in the prevention of future health problems, reducing their personal and societal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin G Frasch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center On Human Development and Disability (CHDD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Camila Zelgert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bibiana Fabre
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James W MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Silvia M Lobmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marta C Antonelli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yao S, Li S, Zhan Y, Wan C. Proteome-wide analysis of stress response to temperature in Sulfolobus islandicus. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104681. [PMID: 35842219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sulfolobus islandicus is thermophilic archaea that live in an extreme environment of 75 °C-80 °C and pH 2-3. Currently, the molecular mechanism of archaeal adaptation to high temperatures and the stability of proteins at high temperatures are still unclear. This study utilizes proteomics to analyze the differential expression of S. islandicus proteins at different temperatures. We found that ribosomes, glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, RNA metabolism, transport system, and sulfur metabolism are all affected by temperature. Methylation modification of some proteins changed with temperature. Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) was used to analyze the thermal stability of proteins under 65 °C-85 °C growth conditions. It is suggested that the Tm values of proteins are mainly distributed around the optimum growth temperature (OGT). The proteins in the glycolysis pathway had high thermal stability. Meanwhile, proteins related to DNA replication and translation showed low thermal stability. The protein thermal stability of S. islandicus cultured under 65 °C and 85 °C was higher than that of 75 °C. Our study reveals that S. islandicus may adapt to temperature changes by regulating protein synthesis and carbon metabolism pathways, changing post-translational modifications, and improving protein stability at the same time. SIGNIFICANCE: The molecular mechanism of archaeal adaptation to high temperatures and the stability of proteins at high temperatures are still unclear. Our proteomics study identified 477 differentially expressed proteins of S. islandicus at different temperatures, suggesting that ribosomes, glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, RNA metabolism, transport system, and sulfur metabolism are affected by temperature. Meanwhile, we found that methylation modification of some proteins changed with temperature. To evaluate the thermal stability of the proteome, we performed thermal proteome profiling to analyze the Tm of proteins under 65 °C-85 °C growth conditions. Tm values of proteins are mainly distributed around the optimum growth temperature. The proteins in the glycolysis pathway had high thermal stability. Meanwhile, proteins related to DNA replication and translation showed low thermal stability. Our study reveals that S. islandicus may adapt to temperature changes by regulating protein synthesis and carbon metabolism pathways, changing post-translational modifications, and improving protein stability at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Sige Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyue Zhan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Dysregulated Autophagy Leads to Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Expression of ABC Transporters in Women with Early Miscarriage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111742. [PMID: 34829614 PMCID: PMC8614945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early miscarriage (EMC) is a devastating obstetrical complication. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate cholesterol transfer across the placenta and enhance cell survival by effluxing substrates from target cells in the presence of stressors. Recent evidence reports an intricate interplay between autophagy and ABC transporters. We hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy and oxidative stress (OS) in the placenta leads to abnormal expression of membrane transporters contributing to poor pregnancy survival in EMC. We determined mRNA and protein expression of autophagy genes (Beclin-1/Bcl-2/LC3I/LC3II/p62) and ABC transporters (ABCA1/ABCG1/ABCG2) in placentae from EMC patients (n = 20), term controls (n = 19), first trimester (n = 6), and term controls (n = 5) controls. Oxidative/antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative damage were evaluated in maternal serum and placentae from EMC and healthy controls. In EMC, placental expression of LC3II/LC3I as well as of the key autophagy regulatory proteins Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were reduced, whereas p62 was increased. Both in the serum and placentae of EMC patients, total OS was elevated reflected by increased oxidative damage markers (8-OHdG/malondialdehyde/carbonyl formation) accompanied by diminished levels of total antioxidant status, catalase, and total glutathione. Furthermore, we found reduced ABCG1 and increased ABCG2 expression. These findings suggest that a decreased autophagy status triggers Bcl-2-dependent OS leading to macromolecule damage in EMC placentae. The decreased expression of ABCG1 contributes to reduced cholesterol export to the growing fetus. Increasing ABCG2 expression could represent a protective feedback mechanism under inhibited autophagy conditions. In conclusion, dysregulated autophagy combined with increased oxidative toxicity and aberrant expression of placental ABC transporters affects materno-fetal health in EMC.
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Koehn LM, Huang Y, Habgood MD, Nie S, Chiou SY, Banati RB, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Efflux transporters in rat placenta and developing brain: transcriptomic and functional response to paracetamol. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19878. [PMID: 34615937 PMCID: PMC8494792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters transfer lipid-soluble molecules across cellular interfaces either directly or after enzymatic metabolism. RNAseq analysis identified transcripts for ABC transporters and enzymes in rat E19, P5 and adult brain and choroid plexus and E19 placenta. Their functional capacity to efflux small molecules was studied by quantitative analysis of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and its metabolites using liquid scintillation counting, autoradiography and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Animals were treated acutely (30 min) and chronically (5 days, twice daily) with paracetamol (15 mg/kg) to investigate ability of brain and placenta barriers to regulate ABC transport functionality during extended treatment. Results indicated that transcripts of many efflux-associated ABC transporters were higher in adult brain and choroid plexus than at earlier ages. Chronic treatment upregulated certain transcripts only in adult brain and altered concentrations of paracetamol metabolites in circulation of pregnant dams. Combination of changes to metabolites and transport system transcripts may explain observed changes in paracetamol entry into adult and fetal brains. Analysis of lower paracetamol dosing (3.75 mg/kg) indicated dose-dependent changes in paracetamol metabolism. Transcripts of ABC transporters and enzymes at key barriers responsible for molecular transport into the developing brain showed alterations in paracetamol pharmacokinetics in pregnancy following different treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Koehn
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - M D Habgood
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - S Nie
- Melbourne Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - S Y Chiou
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - R B Banati
- ANSTO - Australia's Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, 2234, Australia.,University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Dziegielewska
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - N R Saunders
- Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia. .,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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12
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Sharma A, Sah N, Kannan S, Kannan RM. Targeted drug delivery for maternal and perinatal health: Challenges and opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113950. [PMID: 34454979 PMCID: PMC8544131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing conditions at reproductive age, and complications arising during pregnancy can be detrimental to maternal and fetal health. Current therapies to combat obstetric disorders are limited due to the inherent complexity of pregnancy, and can have harmful effects on developing fetus. Emerging research shows intricate signaling between the cells from mother and fetus at maternal-fetal interface, providing unique opportunities for interventions specifically targeted to the mother, fetus, or placenta. Advancements in nanotechnology, stem-cell biology and gene therapy have resulted in target-specific treatments with promising results in pre-clinical maternal and fetal disorder models. Comprehensive understanding of the effect of physicochemical properties of delivery systems on their uptake, retention and accumulation across placenta will help in the better diagnosis and treatment of perinatal disorders. This review describes the factors leading to obstetric complications along with their effect on pregnancy outcomes, and discusses key targeted therapeutic strategies for addressing conditions related to maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Inc., Baltimore MD, 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21218, USA.
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Marinello WP, Patisaul HB. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and placental function: Impact on fetal brain development. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:347-400. [PMID: 34452690 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a critical time of vulnerability for the development of the fetal brain. Exposure to environmental pollutants at any point in pregnancy can negatively impact many aspects of fetal development, especially the organization and differentiation of the brain. The placenta performs a variety of functions that can help protect the fetus and sustain brain development. However, disruption of any of these functions can have negative impacts on both the pregnancy outcome and fetal neurodevelopment. This review presents current understanding of how environmental exposures, specifically to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), interfere with placental function and, in turn, neurodevelopment. Some of the key differences in placental development between animal models are presented, as well as how placental functions such as serving as a xenobiotic barrier and exchange organ, immune interface, regulator of growth and fetal oxygenation, and a neuroendocrine organ, could be vulnerable to environmental exposure. This review illustrates the importance of the placenta as a modulator of fetal brain development and suggests critical unexplored areas and possible vulnerabilities to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Marinello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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Bedell S, Hutson J, de Vrijer B, Eastabrook G. Effects of Maternal Obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Placenta: Current Knowledge and Targets for Therapeutic Interventions. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2021; 19:176-192. [PMID: 32543363 DOI: 10.2174/1570161118666200616144512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are becoming more common among pregnant women worldwide and are individually associated with a number of placenta-mediated obstetric complications, including preeclampsia, macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirth. The placenta serves several functions throughout pregnancy and is the main exchange site for the transfer of nutrients and gas from mother to fetus. In pregnancies complicated by maternal obesity or GDM, the placenta is exposed to environmental changes, such as increased inflammation and oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and altered hormone levels. These changes can affect placental development and function and lead to abnormal fetal growth and development as well as metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in the offspring. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of obesity and GDM on placental development and function. Understanding these processes is key in developing therapeutic interventions with the goal of mitigating these effects and preventing future cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bedell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Janine Hutson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Barbra de Vrijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
| | - Genevieve Eastabrook
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, ON N6A 3B4, Canada
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15
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Nicklisch SC, Hamdoun A. Disruption of small molecule transporter systems by Transporter-Interfering Chemicals (TICs). FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4158-4185. [PMID: 33222203 PMCID: PMC8112642 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule transporters (SMTs) in the ABC and SLC families are important players in disposition of diverse endo- and xenobiotics. Interactions of environmental chemicals with these transporters were first postulated in the 1990s, and since validated in numerous in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Recent results on the co-crystal structure of ABCB1 with the flame-retardant BDE-100 demonstrate that a diverse range of man-made and natural toxic molecules, hereafter termed transporter-interfering chemicals (TICs), can directly bind to SMTs and interfere with their function. TIC-binding modes mimic those of substrates, inhibitors, modulators, inducers, and possibly stimulants through direct and allosteric mechanisms. Similarly, the effects could directly or indirectly agonize, antagonize or perhaps even prime the SMT system to alter transport function. Importantly, TICs are distinguished from drugs and pharmaceuticals that interact with transporters in that exposure is unintended and inherently variant. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical interaction with SMTs, the methodological considerations for their evaluation, and the future directions for TIC discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C.T. Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202
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The impact of intrauterine growth restriction on cytochrome P450 enzyme expression and activity. Placenta 2020; 99:50-62. [PMID: 32755725 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
With the increased prevalence of non-communicable disease and availability of medications to treat these and other conditions, a pregnancy free from prescribed medication exposure is rare. Up to 99% of women take at least one medication during pregnancy. These medications can be divided into those used to improve maternal health and wellbeing (e.g., analgesics, antidepressants, antidiabetics, antiasthmatics), and those used to promote the baby's wellbeing in either fetal (e.g., anti-arrhythmics) or postnatal life (e.g., antenatal glucocorticoids). These medications are needed for pre-existing or coincidental illnesses in the mother, maternal conditions induced by the pregnancy itself through to conditions that arise in the fetus or that will be encountered by the newborn. Thus, medications administered to the mother may be used to treat the mother, the fetus or both. Metabolism of medications is regulated by a range of physiological processes that change during pregnancy. Other pathological processes such as placental insufficiency can in turn have both immediate and lifelong adverse health consequences for babies. Individuals born growth restricted are more likely to require medications but may also have an altered ability to metabolise these medications in fetal and postnatal life. This review aims to determine the effect of suboptimal fetal growth on the fetal expression of the drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) that convert medications into active or inactive metabolites, and the transporters that remove both these medications and their metabolites from the fetal compartment.
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Hydrodynamics-Based Transplacental Delivery as a Useful Noninvasive Tool for Manipulating Fetal Genome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071744. [PMID: 32708213 PMCID: PMC7409276 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the injection of pregnant wild-type female mice (carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing transgenic fetuses) at embryonic day (E) 12.5 with an all-in-one plasmid conferring the expression of both Cas9 and guide RNA (targeted to the EGFP cDNA) complexed with the gene delivery reagent, resulted in some fetuses exhibiting reduced fluorescence in their hearts and gene insertion/deletion (indel) mutations. In this study, we examined whether the endogenous myosin heavy-chain α (MHCα) gene can be successfully genome-edited by this method in the absence of a gene delivery reagent with potential fetal toxicity. For this, we employed a hydrodynamics-based gene delivery (HGD) system with the aim of ensuring fetal gene delivery rates and biosafety. We also investigated which embryonic stages are suitable for the induction of genome editing in fetuses. Of the three pregnant females injected at E9.5, one had mutated fetuses: all examined fetuses carried exogenous plasmid DNA, and four of 10 (40%) exhibited mosaic indel mutations in MHCα. Gene delivery to fetuses at E12.5 and E15.5 did not cause mutations. Thus, the HGD-based transplacental delivery of a genome editing vector may be able to manipulate the fetal genomes of E9.5 fetuses.
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18
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Nedder M, Boland S, Devineau S, Zerrad-Saadi A, Rogozarski J, Lai-Kuen R, Baya I, Guibourdenche J, Vibert F, Chissey A, Gil S, Coumoul X, Fournier T, Ferecatu I. Uptake of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Impact on Viability, Differentiation and Functions of Primary Trophoblast Cells from Human Placenta. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071309. [PMID: 32635405 PMCID: PMC7407216 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta is at the interface between maternal and fetal circulations, and is crucial for fetal development. The nanoparticles of cerium dioxide (CeO2 NPs) from air pollution are an unevaluated risk during pregnancy. Assessing the consequences of placenta exposure to CeO2 NPs could contribute to a better understanding of NPs’ effect on the development and functions of the placenta and pregnancy outcome. We used primary villous cytotrophoblasts purified from term human placenta, with a wide range of CeO2 NPs concentrations (0.1–101 μg/cm2) and exposure time (24–72 h), to assess trophoblast uptake, toxicity and impact on trophoblast differentiation and endocrine function. We have shown the capacity of both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts to internalize CeO2 NPs. CeO2 NPs affected trophoblast metabolic activity in a dose and time dependency, induced caspase activation and a LDH release in the absence of oxidative stress. CeO2 NPs decreased the fusion capacity of cytotrophoblasts to form a syncytiotrophoblast and disturbed secretion of the pregnancy hormones hCG, hPL, PlGF, P4 and E2, in accordance with NPs concentration. This is the first study on the impact of CeO2 NPs using human primary trophoblasts that decrypts their toxicity and impact on placental formation and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Nedder
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Sonja Boland
- BFA, Université de Paris, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Stéphanie Devineau
- BFA, Université de Paris, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.B.); (S.D.)
| | - Amal Zerrad-Saadi
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Jasmina Rogozarski
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - René Lai-Kuen
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMS 025—CNRS UMS 3612, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Ibtissem Baya
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Service d’hormonologie, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Francoise Vibert
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Audrey Chissey
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Sophie Gil
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1124, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioana Ferecatu
- Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.N.); (A.Z.-S.); (J.R.); (I.B.); (J.G.); (F.V.); (A.C.); (S.G.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-53-73-96-05; Fax: +33-1-44-07-39-92
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Excessive early-life cholesterol exposure may have later-life consequences for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 12:229-236. [PMID: 32290895 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The in utero and immediate postnatal environments are recognized as critical windows of developmental plasticity where offspring are highly susceptible to changes in the maternal metabolic milieu. Maternal hypercholesterolemia (MHC) is a pathological condition characterized by an exaggerated rise in maternal serum cholesterol during pregnancy which can program metabolic dysfunction in offspring, including dysregulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. Although there is currently no established reference range MHC, a loosely defined cutoff point for total cholesterol >280 mg/dL in the third trimester has been suggested. There are several unanswered questions regarding this condition particularly with regard to how the timing of cholesterol exposure influences hepatic lipid dysfunction and the mechanisms through which these adaptations manifest in adulthood. Gestational hypercholesterolemia increased fetal hepatic lipid concentrations and altered lipid regulatory mRNA and protein content. These early changes in hepatic lipid metabolism are evident in the postweaning environment and persist into adulthood. Further, changes to hepatic epigenetic signatures including microRNA (miR) and DNA methylation are observed in utero, at weaning, and are evident in adult offspring. In conclusion, early exposure to cholesterol during critical developmental periods can predispose offspring to the early development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which is characterized by altered regulatory function beginning in utero and persisting throughout the life cycle.
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Gershoni M, Ezra E, Weller JI. Genetic and genomic analysis of long insemination interval in Israeli dairy cattle as an indicator of early abortions. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4495-4509. [PMID: 32113774 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the causes of observed low fertility is embryo loss after fertilization. Previous findings suggested that more than half of fertilizations result in embryo loss before pregnancy is detected. We proposed reinsemination between 49 and 100 d after the first insemination as an indicator trait for early abortion (EA) in dairy cattle based on the mean estrus interval of 21 d. This trait was compared with conception rate from first insemination and conception status, computed as the inverse of the number of inseminations to conception. Animal model variance components were estimated by REML, including parents and grandparents of cows with records. First-parity heritability for first insemination conception rate was 3%. In the multitrait analysis of parities 1 to 3 for putative EA, heritabilities ranged from 8.9% for first parity to 10.4% for second parity. All genetic correlations were >0.9, whereas all environmental correlations were <0.12. The variance component for the service sire effect for putative EA rate was less than half the variance component for conception rate. Thus, genetic control of the 2 traits is clearly different, and analysis of EA rate by a single-trait animal model is justified. Genetic evaluation for putative EA was computed using this model, including all first- through third-parity cows with freshening dates from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2016, that either became pregnant on first insemination or were reinseminated between 49 and 100 d after the first insemination. All known parents and grandparents of cows with records were included in the analysis. The regression of the breeding value for non-abortion rate on the cows' birth year was 0.083%/yr. The genetic correlation between first-parity EA and conception status was 0.995. The genetic correlations between first-parity EA and milk, fat, and protein production were all negative, whereas the genetic correlation between EA and herd life was 0.33. Inclusion of putative EA in the selection index instead of conception status resulted in 10 to 20% greater genetic gain for both fertility traits. In a genome-wide association study based on 1,200 dairy bulls with reliabilities >50% for abortion rate genotyped for 41,000 markers, 6 markers were found with nominal probabilities of <10-12 to reject the null hypothesis of no effect on EA rate. The markers with the lowest probabilities for EA rate were also included among the markers with the lowest probabilities for female fertility, but not vice versa. The marker explaining the most variance for abortion rate is located within the ABCA9 gene, which is found within an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) genes cluster. The ABC family is the major class of primary active transporters in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Gershoni
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Ephraim Ezra
- Israeli Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea Industrial Park 3088900, Israel
| | - Joel Ira Weller
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Israeli Cattle Breeders Association, Caesarea Industrial Park 3088900, Israel.
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Ellfolk M, Tornio A, Niemi M, Leinonen MK, Lahesmaa-Korpinen AM, Malm H. Placental transporter-mediated drug interactions and offspring congenital anomalies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:868-879. [PMID: 31823387 PMCID: PMC7163376 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are efflux transporters expressed in the placenta, limiting their substrates from reaching the foetus. Our aim was to investigate if concomitant prenatal exposure to several substrates or inhibitors of these transporters increases the risk of congenital anomalies. Methods The national Drugs and Pregnancy database, years 1996–2014, was utilized in this population‐based birth cohort study. In the database, the Medical Birth Register, the Register on Induced Abortions, the Malformation register and the Register on Reimbursed Drug Purchases have been linked. The University of Washington Metabolism and Transport Drug Interaction Database was used to identify substrates and inhibitors of P‐gp and BCRP. We included singleton pregnancies ending in birth or elective termination of pregnancy due to foetal anomaly. Known teratogens were excluded. We identified women exposed 1 month before pregnancy or during the first trimester to P‐gp/BCRP polytherapy (n = 21 186); P‐gp/breast cancer resistance protein monotherapy (n = 97 906); non‐P‐gp/BCRP polytherapy (n = 78 636); and unexposed (n = 728 870). We investigated the association between the exposure groups and major congenital anomalies using logistic regression adjusting for several confounders. Results The prevalence of congenital anomalies was higher in the P‐gp/BCRP polytherapy group (5.5%) compared to the P‐gp/BCRP monotherapy (4.7%, OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05–1.21), the non‐P‐gp/BCRP polytherapy (4.9%, OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.06–1.22), and to the unexposed groups (4.2%, OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15–1.31). Conclusion The results suggest a role of placental transporter‐mediated drug interactions in teratogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ellfolk
- Teratology Information, Department of Emergency Medicine Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit K Leinonen
- Information Services Department, Unit of Statistics and Registers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Lahesmaa-Korpinen
- Information Services Department, Unit of Statistics and Registers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Malm
- Teratology Information, Department of Emergency Medicine Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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22
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Connor KL, Kibschull M, Matysiak-Zablocki E, Nguyen TTTN, Matthews SG, Lye SJ, Bloise E. Maternal malnutrition impacts placental morphology and transporter expression: an origin for poor offspring growth. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108329. [PMID: 32004932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The placenta promotes fetal growth through nutrient transfer and selective barrier systems. An optimally developed placenta can adapt to changes in the pregnancy environment, buffering the fetus from adverse exposures. We hypothesized that the placenta adapts differently to suboptimal maternal diets, evidenced by changes in placental morphology, developmental markers and key transport systems. Mice were fed a control diet (CON) during pregnancy, undernourished (UN) by 30% of control intake from gestational day (GD) 5.5-18.5 or fed 60% high-fat diet (HF) 8 weeks before and during pregnancy. At GD18.5, placental morphometry, development and transport were assessed. Junctional and labyrinthine areas of UN and HF placentae were smaller than CON by >10%. Fetal blood space area and fetal blood space:fetal weight ratios were reduced in HF vs. CON and UN. Trophoblast giant cell marker Ctsq mRNA expression was lower in UN vs. HF, and expression of glycogen cell markers Cx31.1 and Pcdh12 was lower in HF vs. UN. Efflux transporter Abcb1a mRNA expression was lower in HF vs. UN, and Abcg2 expression was lower in UN vs. HF. mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein Fabppm was higher in UN vs. CON and HF. mRNA and protein levels of the lipid transporter FAT/CD36 were lower in UN, and FATP4 protein levels were lower in HF vs. UN. UN placentae appear less mature with aberrant transport, whereas HF placentae adapt to excessive nutrient supply. Understanding placental adaptations to common nutritional adversities may reveal mechanisms underlying the developmental origins of later disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Connor
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mark Kibschull
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen G Matthews
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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23
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Yu L, Wang T, Que R, Yang J, Wang Z, Jiang X, Wang L. The potentially protective role of ATP-binding cassette transporters in preeclampsia via Nrf2. Pregnancy Hypertens 2019; 18:21-28. [PMID: 31445436 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe placental syndrome that likely results from placental oxidative stress and inflammation, and can lead to maternal hypertension and premature delivery. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activates several genes involved in antioxidant defense in the placentae, along with the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters which regulate substrate flow between maternal and fetal circulation. Although several ABC transporters are down-regulated in PE, their exact mechanistic role is poorly understood. METHODS& RESULTS: In this study, we compared the levels of major ABC transporters and NRF2 in placentae of healthy full-term pregnant women and those with early and term onset PE. We found a significant decrease in the levels of Nrf2 and several ABC transporters in the placentae of early onset compared to term onset PE. In addition, women with term onset PE showed improved post-partum parameters (lower blood pressure, and greater placental and neonatal weights) compared to those with early onset PE. Mechanistically, Nrf2 knockdown/knockout downregulated the genes for ABC transporters and antioxidant enzymes, and upregulated pro-inflammatory factors, whereas Nrf2 upregulation had the opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS Nrf2 protects the placenta against PE by activating the ABC transporter-mediated efflux, indicating a novel target in PE therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rongcheng Que
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jillian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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24
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Froehlich K, Schmidt A, Heger JI, Al-Kawlani B, Aberl CA, Jeschke U, Loibl S, Markert UR. Breast cancer, placenta and pregnancy. Eur J Cancer 2019; 115:68-78. [PMID: 31121525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies during pregnancy. Tumours often present characteristics of high malignancy and are hormone receptor negative/HER2 positive or triple negative. In general, pregnancy, including the postpartum period, is associated with a transiently increased risk of developing breast cancer but followed by a long-lasting protective period. Placental metastases are very rare and, thus far, breast cancer metastases in the foetal compartment have not been described. To discuss these apparently contradictory observations, this narrative review resumes immunological and hormonal alterations during pregnancy potentially affecting breast cancer risk as well as tumour growth and behaviour. OBSERVATIONS Upregulation of breast cancer-associated genes involved in immunological and reproductive processes has been observed in parous women and is potentially responsible for a transiently increased risk in pregnancy. In contrast, maternal immunisation and immunoglobulin production against antigens expressed on trophoblast cells, such as specific glycosylation patterns of mucin-1 or RCAS1-associated truncated glycans, seem to prevent breast cancer development in later years. Animal and human studies indicate that T cells are involved in these processes. Several placenta-derived factors, especially kisspeptin, have direct anti-tumour effects. The pregnancy-related increase of estrogen, progesterone, and other hormones influence growth and characteristics of breast cancer while the role of further placenta-secreted factors is still controversially discussed. CONCLUSION Several factors and cells are involved in altered breast cancer risk during and after pregnancy and have potential for developing novel treatment strategies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Froehlich
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - André Schmidt
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Isabell Heger
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Boodor Al-Kawlani
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Caroline Anna Aberl
- LMU München, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- LMU München, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Maistrasse 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sibylle Loibl
- German Breast Group, c/o GBG-Forschungs GmbH, Martin-Behaim-Str 12, 63263, Neu-Isenburg, Germany
| | - Udo Rudolf Markert
- University Hospital Jena, Department of Obstetrics, Placenta Lab, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
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25
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Taher S, Borja Y, Cabanela L, Costers VJ, Carson-Marino M, Bailes JC, Dhar B, Beckworth MT, Rabaglino MB, Post Uiterweer ED, Conrad KP. Cholecystokinin, gastrin, cholecystokinin/gastrin receptors, and bitter taste receptor TAS2R14: trophoblast expression and signaling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R628-R639. [PMID: 30892908 PMCID: PMC6589605 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00153.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) in humans and mice, and the bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Because CCK and gastrin activate the CCKBR receptor, we also explored placental gastrin expression. Finally, we investigated calcium signaling by CCK and TAS2R14. By RT-PCR, we found CCK/Cck and GAST/Gast mRNA expression in both normal human and mouse placentas, as well as in human trophoblast cell lines (TCL). Although both Cckar and -br mRNA were expressed in the mouse placenta, only CCKBR mRNA was detected in the human placenta and TCL. mRNA expression for TAS2R14 was also observed in the human placenta and TCL. Using immunohistochemistry, CCK protein was localized to the syncytiotrophoblast (ST) and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) in the human term placenta, and to trophoblast glycogen cells in mouse and human placentas. Gastrin and TAS2R14 proteins were also observed in ST and EVT of the human placenta. Both sulfated and nonsulfated CCK elicited a comparable rise in intracellular calcium in TCL, consistent with CCKBR expression. Three TAS2R14 agonists, flufenamic acid, chlorhexidine, and diphenhydramine, also evoked rises in intracellular calcium in TCL. These results establish CCK, gastrin, and their receptor(s) in both human and mouse placentas, and TAS2R14 in the human placenta. Both CCK and TAS2R14 agonists increased intracellular calcium in human TCL. Although the roles of these ligands and receptors, and their potential cross talk in normal and pathological placentas, are currently unknown, this study opens new avenues for placental research.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Line
- Cholecystokinin/genetics
- Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Cholecystokinin/pharmacology
- Female
- Gastrins/genetics
- Gastrins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pregnancy
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin B/genetics
- Receptor, Cholecystokinin B/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholecystokinin/agonists
- Receptors, Cholecystokinin/genetics
- Receptors, Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/agonists
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/drug effects
- Trophoblasts/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shèdy Taher
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yamilette Borja
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lucía Cabanela
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Vincent J Costers
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Morgan Carson-Marino
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Julie C Bailes
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Biswadeep Dhar
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mark T Beckworth
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria B Rabaglino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pabellón de Biología Celular, Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Emiel D Post Uiterweer
- Department of Obstetrics and Laboratory of Neuroimmunology and Developmental Origins of Disease, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Kirk P Conrad
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida College of Medicine , Gainesville, Florida
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26
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Ono K, Furugen A, Kurosawa Y, Jinno N, Narumi K, Kobayashi M, Iseki K. Analysis of the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on transporter expressions using a PCR array: Induction of xCT/SLC7A11 in human placental BeWo cells. Placenta 2018; 75:34-41. [PMID: 30712664 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential for adequate fetal growth. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of PUFAs on the expression and function of placental transporters, which play important roles in placental functions including the supply of nutrients to the fetus, excretion of metabolites, and protection of the fetus from xenobiotics. METHODS Human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells were used as a trophoblast model. PUFA-induced alteration in the gene expression of 84 transporters was investigated by a commercially available PCR array. Protein levels and the activity of transporters were assessed by western blotting and uptake experiments, respectively. The placental expression of the transporters was analyzed using pregnant Wistar rats. RESULTS PUFAs (AA, EPA, and DHA) increased cystine/glutamate transporter xCT/SLC7A11, which mediates the cellular uptake of cystine coupled with the efflux of glutamate in human placental choriocarcinoma BeWo cells. These PUFAs also increased [14C]-cystine uptake in BeWo cells. PUFA-induced xCT/SLC7A11 mRNA expression was not blocked by nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NRF2) knockdown. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis indicated that xCT/Slc7a11 mRNA was detected in rat placenta and the expression level at gestational day (GD) 12 was higher than that at GD 20. CONCLUSION These results indicate that PUFAs promoted cystine uptake in placental cells by inducing xCT/SLC7A11 expression and NRF2 did not contribute to upregulation of xCT/SLC7A11 by PUFAs. Furthermore, xCT expression in rat placenta may change during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Ono
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Naoko Jinno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14-jo, Nishi-5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Ken Iseki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12-jo, Nishi-6-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-14-jo, Nishi-5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan.
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27
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Abstract
Two sets of evidence reviewed herein, one indicating that prenatal stress is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological dysregulation and the other that such phenotypic functioning is itself associated with heightened susceptibility to positive and negative environmental influences postnatally, raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (2011) that prenatal stress fosters, promotes, or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. Here we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including new experimental research systematically manipulating both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Collectively this work would seem to explain why prenatal stress has so consistently been linked to problematic development: stresses encountered prenatally are likely to continue postnatally, thereby adversely affecting the development of children programmed (by prenatal stress) to be especially susceptible to environmental effects. Less investigated are the potential benefits prenatal stress may promote, due to increased plasticity, when the postnatal environment proves to be favorable. Future directions of research pertaining to potential mechanisms instantiating postnatal plasticity and moderators of such prenatal-programming effects are outlined.
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28
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Hartman S, Belsky J. Prenatal stress and enhanced developmental plasticity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1759-1779. [PMID: 30206701 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two separate lines of inquiry indicate (a) that prenatal stress is associated with heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity, and (b) that these postnatal phenotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to both positive and negative developmental experiences and environmental exposures. This research considered together raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (Dev Psychopathol 23:29-38, 2011) that prenatal-stress fosters, promotes or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. In this paper, we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including a novel animal study which experimentally manipulated both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Directions for future work focused on mechanisms mediating the plasticity-inducing effects of prenatal stress and the moderators of such effects are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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29
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Abstract
The human placenta is responsible for the adequate supply of nutrients essential for proper embryonic and fetal development such as glucose, amino acids, and lipids. Processes involved in the placental transport of these nutrients are complex and tightly regulated and involve many transporters, receptors, and regulators. In this chapter, we describe the current methods to study the impact of maternal metabolic disorders on key players of human placental transfer of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evemie Dubé
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Marterno-Fœtale, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C3P8
| | - Guillaume Desparois
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Marterno-Fœtale, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C3P8
| | - Julie Lafond
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Marterno-Fœtale, Centre de Recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3C3P8.
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30
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Murphy SK, Fineberg AM, Maxwell SD, Alloy LB, Zimmermann L, Krigbaum NY, Cohn BA, Drabick DAG, Ellman LM. Maternal infection and stress during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:102-110. [PMID: 28750213 PMCID: PMC5823248 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of offspring depression. Additionally, maternal stress during pregnancy has been consistently linked with adverse offspring outcomes associated with depression. Relatedly, stress has been associated with increased risk of infection; however no study has investigated stress-infection interactions during pregnancy and risk for offspring depression. Participants were drawn from the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS), a prospective, longitudinal study that enrolled pregnant women from 1959 to 1966. Maternal health and birth outcome information were collected, as well as open-ended interviews about worrisome events during pregnancy. The present study included participants from a subsample of women whose offspring (n = 1711) completed self-reports of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Results indicated that maternal infection during only the second trimester was associated with higher scores on adolescent offspring depressive symptoms, while controlling for maternal education at birth, adolescent age, and maternal depressive symptoms at adolescence. Maternal experiences of daily stress during pregnancy moderated this association, such that mothers diagnosed with second trimester infection and who experienced daily stress had offspring with significantly higher depression scores than mothers of adolescents diagnosed with an infection alone. Findings have potential implications for prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M. Fineberg
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth D. Maxwell
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Zimmermann
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nickilou Y. Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Ellman
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author. Lauren M. Ellman, Ph.D., Temple University, Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13 Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19122,
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31
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BCRP expression in schwannoma, plexiform neurofibroma and MPNST. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88751-88759. [PMID: 29179472 PMCID: PMC5687642 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background peripheral nerve sheath tumors comprise a broad spectrum of neoplasms. Vestibular schwannomas and plexiform neurofibromas are symptomatic albeit benign, but a subset of the latter pre-malignant lesions will transform to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST). Surgery and radiotherapy are the primary strategies to treat these tumors. Intrinsic resistance to drug therapy characterizes all three tumor subtypes. The breast cancer resistance protein BCRP is a transmembrane efflux transporter considered to play a key role in various biological barriers such as the blood brain barrier. At the same time it is associated with drug resistance in various tumors. Its potential role in drug resistant tumors of the peripheral nervous system is largely unknown. Objective to assess if BCRP is expressed in vestibular schwannomas, plexiform neurofibromas and MPNST. Material and methods immunohistochemical staining for BCRP was performed on a tissue microarray composed out of 22 vestibular schwannomas, 10 plexiform neurofibromas and 18 MPNSTs. Results sixteen out of twenty-two vestibular schwannomas (73%), nine out of ten plexiform neurofibromas (90%) and six out of eighteen MPNST (33%) expressed BCRP in the vasculature. Tumor cells were negative. Conclusion BCRP is present in the vasculature of vestibular schwannomas, plexiform neurofibromas and MPSNT. Therefore, it may reduce the drug exposure of underlying tumor tissues and potentially cause failure of drug therapy.
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be unexpected, for organ systems are at their most plastic when progenitor cells are proliferating and differentiating. Influences operating at this time can permanently affect their structure and functional capacity, and the activity of enzyme systems and endocrine axes. It is now appreciated that such effects lay the foundations for a diverse array of diseases that become manifest many years later, often in response to secondary environmental stressors. Fetal development is underpinned by the placenta, the organ that forms the interface between the fetus and its mother. All nutrients and oxygen reaching the fetus must pass through this organ. The placenta also has major endocrine functions, orchestrating maternal adaptations to pregnancy and mobilizing resources for fetal use. In addition, it acts as a selective barrier, creating a protective milieu by minimizing exposure of the fetus to maternal hormones, such as glucocorticoids, xenobiotics, pathogens, and parasites. The placenta shows a remarkable capacity to adapt to adverse environmental cues and lessen their impact on the fetus. However, if placental function is impaired, or its capacity to adapt is exceeded, then fetal development may be compromised. Here, we explore the complex relationships between the placental phenotype and developmental programming of chronic disease in the offspring. Ensuring optimal placentation offers a new approach to the prevention of disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity, which are reaching epidemic proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Abigail L Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Centre for Trophoblast Research and Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, and Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Marchitti SA, Mazur CS, Dillingham CM, Rawat S, Sharma A, Zastre J, Kenneke JF. Inhibition of the Human ABC Efflux Transporters P-gp and BCRP by the BDE-47 Hydroxylated Metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47: Considerations for Human Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2016; 155:270-282. [PMID: 28031414 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High body burdens of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in infants and young children have led to increased concern over their potential impact on human development. PBDE exposure can alter the expression of genes involved in thyroid homeostasis, including those of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which mediate cellular xenobiotic efflux. However, little information exists on how PBDEs interact with ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interactions of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and its hydroxylated metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47 with P-gp and BCRP, using human MDR1- and BCRP-expressing membrane vesicles and stably transfected NIH-3T3-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells. In P-gp membranes, BDE-47 did not affect P-gp activity; however, 6-OH-BDE-47 inhibited P-gp activity at low µM concentrations (IC50 = 11.7 µM). In BCRP membranes, BDE-47 inhibited BCRP activity; however, 6-OH-BDE-47 was a stronger inhibitor [IC50 = 45.9 µM (BDE-47) vs. IC50 = 9.4 µM (6-OH-BDE-47)]. Intracellular concentrations of known P-gp and BCRP substrates [(3H)-paclitaxel and (3H)-prazosin, respectively] were significantly higher (indicating less efflux) in NIH-3T3-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP cells in the presence of 6-OH-BDE-47, but not BDE-47. Collectively, our results indicate that the BDE-47 metabolite 6-OH-BDE-47 is an inhibitor of both P-gp and BCRP efflux activity. These findings suggest that some effects previously attributed to BDE-47 in biological systems may actually be due to 6-OH-BDE-47. Considerations for human exposure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satori A Marchitti
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Christopher S Mazur
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Caleb M Dillingham
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Swati Rawat
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605
| | - Anshika Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Jason Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - John F Kenneke
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia 30605;
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Ellinger I, Chatuphonprasert W, Reiter M, Voss A, Kemper J, Straka E, Scheinast M, Zeisler H, Salzer H, Gundacker C. Don't trust an(t)ybody - Pitfalls during investigation of candidate proteins for methylmercury transport at the placental interface. Placenta 2016; 43:13-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Muoth C, Rottmar M, Schipanski A, Gmuender C, Maniura-Weber K, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. A micropatterning approach to study the influence of actin cytoskeletal organization on polystyrene nanoparticle uptake by BeWo cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13782b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microcontact printing technique was successfully applied to study nanoparticle uptake in dependence on different actin cytoskeletal organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Muoth
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - M. Rottmar
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - A. Schipanski
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - C. Gmuender
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - K. Maniura-Weber
- Biointerfaces
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - P. Wick
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
| | - T. Buerki-Thurnherr
- Particles-Biology Interactions
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- 9014 St. Gallen
- Switzerland
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Bronson SL, Bale TL. The Placenta as a Mediator of Stress Effects on Neurodevelopmental Reprogramming. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:207-18. [PMID: 26250599 PMCID: PMC4677129 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adversity experienced during gestation is a predictor of lifetime neuropsychiatric disease susceptibility. Specifically, maternal stress during pregnancy predisposes offspring to sex-biased neurodevelopmental disorders, including schizophrenia, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorders. Animal models have demonstrated disease-relevant endophenotypes in prenatally stressed offspring and have provided unique insight into potential programmatic mechanisms. The placenta has a critical role in the deleterious and sex-specific effects of maternal stress and other fetal exposures on the developing brain. Stress-induced perturbations of the maternal milieu are conveyed to the embryo via the placenta, the maternal-fetal intermediary responsible for maintaining intrauterine homeostasis. Disruption of vital placental functions can have a significant impact on fetal development, including the brain, outcomes that are largely sex-specific. Here we review the novel involvement of the placenta in the transmission of the maternal adverse environment and effects on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Bronson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Qosa H, Miller DS, Pasinelli P, Trotti D. Regulation of ABC efflux transporters at blood-brain barrier in health and neurological disorders. Brain Res 2015; 1628:298-316. [PMID: 26187753 PMCID: PMC4681613 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The strength of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in providing protection to the central nervous system from exposure to circulating chemicals is maintained by tight junctions between endothelial cells and by a broad range of transporter proteins that regulate exchange between CNS and blood. The most important transporters that restrict the permeability of large number of toxins as well as therapeutic agents are the ABC transporters. Among them, P-gp, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP2 are the utmost studied. These efflux transporters are neuroprotective, limiting the brain entry of neurotoxins; however, they could also restrict the entry of many therapeutics and contribute to CNS pharmacoresistance. Characterization of several regulatory pathways that govern expression and activity of ABC efflux transporters in the endothelium of brain capillaries have led to an emerging consensus that these processes are complex and contain several cellular and molecular elements. Alterations in ABC efflux transporters expression and/or activity occur in several neurological diseases. Here, we review the signaling pathways that regulate expression and transport activity of P-gp, BCRP, MRP1 and MRP2 as well as how their expression/activity changes in neurological diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Qosa
- Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - David S Miller
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIH/NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Piera Pasinelli
- Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Weinberg Unit for ALS Research, Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, 900 Walnut street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Bloise E, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Reis FM, Lye SJ, Gibb W, Matthews SG. ATP-binding cassette transporters in reproduction: a new frontier. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:164-81. [PMID: 26545808 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmembrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters actively efflux an array of clinically relevant compounds across biological barriers, and modulate biodistribution of many physiological and pharmacological factors. To date, over 48 ABC transporters have been identified and shown to be directly and indirectly involved in peri-implantation events and fetal/placental development. They efflux cholesterol, steroid hormones, vitamins, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins, diverse xenobiotics and environmental toxins, playing a critical role in regulating drug disposition, immunological responses and lipid trafficking, as well as preventing fetal accumulation of drugs and environmental toxins. METHODS This review examines ABC transporters as important mediators of placental barrier functions and key reproductive processes. Expression, localization and function of all identified ABC transporters were systematically reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar websites to identify relevant studies examining ABC transporters in reproductive tissues in physiological and pathophysiological states. Only reports written in English were incorporated with no restriction on year of publication. While a major focus has been placed on the human, extensive evidence from animal studies is utilized to describe current understanding of the regulation and function of ABC transporters relevant to human reproduction. RESULTS ABC transporters are modulators of steroidogenesis, fertilization, implantation, nutrient transport and immunological responses, and function as 'gatekeepers' at various barrier sites (i.e. blood-testes barrier and placenta) against potentially harmful xenobiotic factors, including drugs and environmental toxins. These roles appear to be species dependent and change as a function of gestation and development. The best-described ABC transporters in reproductive tissues (primarily in the placenta) are the multidrug transporters p-glycoprotein and breast cancer-related protein, the multidrug resistance proteins 1 through 5 and the cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. CONCLUSIONS The ABC transporters have various roles across multiple reproductive tissues. Knowledge of efflux direction, tissue distribution, substrate specificity and regulation of the ABC transporters in the placenta and other reproductive tissues is rapidly expanding. This will allow better understanding of the disposition of specific substrates within reproductive tissues, and facilitate development of novel treatments for reproductive disorders as well as improved approaches to protecting the developing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T M Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F M Reis
- Division of Human Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S J Lye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - W Gibb
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S G Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8 Department Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Wong CT, Wais J, Crawford DA. Prenatal exposure to common environmental factors affects brain lipids and increases risk of developing autism spectrum disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine T. Wong
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Joshua Wais
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Dorota A. Crawford
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
- Department of Biology; York University; Toronto ON Canada M3J 1P3
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40
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Braakhuis HM, Kloet SK, Kezic S, Kuper F, Park MVDZ, Bellmann S, van der Zande M, Le Gac S, Krystek P, Peters RJB, Rietjens IMCM, Bouwmeester H. Progress and future of in vitro models to study translocation of nanoparticles. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1469-95. [PMID: 25975987 PMCID: PMC4551544 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of nanoparticles in products likely results in increased exposure of both workers and consumers. Because of their small size, there are concerns that nanoparticles unintentionally cross the barriers of the human body. Several in vivo rodent studies show that, dependent on the exposure route, time, and concentration, and their characteristics, nanoparticles can cross the lung, gut, skin, and placental barrier. This review aims to evaluate the performance of in vitro models that mimic the barriers of the human body, with a focus on the lung, gut, skin, and placental barrier. For these barriers, in vitro models of varying complexity are available, ranging from single-cell-type monolayer to multi-cell (3D) models. Only a few studies are available that allow comparison of the in vitro translocation to in vivo data. This situation could change since the availability of analytical detection techniques is no longer a limiting factor for this comparison. We conclude that to further develop in vitro models to be used in risk assessment, the current strategy to improve the models to more closely mimic the human situation by using co-cultures of different cell types and microfluidic approaches to better control the tissue microenvironments are essential. At the current state of the art, the in vitro models do not yet allow prediction of absolute transfer rates but they do support the definition of relative transfer rates and can thus help to reduce animal testing by setting priorities for subsequent in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig M. Braakhuis
- />Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- />Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Samantha K. Kloet
- />Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanja Kezic
- />AMC, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frieke Kuper
- />TNO, Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Margriet V. D. Z. Park
- />Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Séverine Le Gac
- />UT BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Krystek
- />Philips Innovation Services, High Tech Campus 11, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J. B. Peters
- />RIKILT- Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
- />Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- />RIKILT- Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Grafmueller S, Manser P, Diener L, Maurizi L, Diener PA, Hofmann H, Jochum W, Krug HF, Buerki-Thurnherr T, von Mandach U, Wick P. Transfer studies of polystyrene nanoparticles in the ex vivo human placenta perfusion model: key sources of artifacts. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:044602. [PMID: 27877820 PMCID: PMC5090179 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/4/044602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding and highly promising new technology with many different fields of application. Consequently, the investigation of engineered nanoparticles in biological systems is steadily increasing. Questions about the safety of such engineered nanoparticles are very important and the most critical subject with regard to the penetration of biological barriers allowing particle distribution throughout the human body. Such translocation studies are technically challenging and many issues have to be considered to obtain meaningful and comparable results. Here we report on the transfer of polystyrene nanoparticles across the human placenta using an ex vivo human placenta perfusion model. We provide an overview of several challenges that can potentially occur in any translocation study in relation to particle size distribution, functionalization and stability of labels. In conclusion, a careful assessment of nanoparticle properties in a physiologically relevant milieu is as challenging and important as the actual study of nanoparticle-cell interactions itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grafmueller
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Perinatal Pharmacology, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Pius Manser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Diener
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Maurizi
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-André Diener
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfram Jochum
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Harald F. Krug
- Empa, International Research Cooperations Manager, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Ursula von Mandach
- Perinatal Pharmacology, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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42
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Lemire BD. Glutathione metabolism links FOXRED1 to NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) deficiency: A hypothesis. Mitochondrion 2015; 24:105-12. [PMID: 26235939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FOXRED1 mutations result in complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) deficiencies and Leigh syndrome (subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy). FOXRED1 is a mitochondrial flavoprotein related to N-methyl amino acid dehydrogenases. How is FOXRED1 required for the biogenesis of complex I? I present a hypothesis that suggests FOXRED1 catalytic activity as a sarcosine oxidase protects the developing fetus from oxidative stress during pregnancy. Loss of FOXRED1, coupled with protein, choline and/or folate-deficient diets results in the depletion of glutathione, the dysregulation of nitric oxide metabolism and the peroxynitrite-mediated inactivation of complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard D Lemire
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2H7, Canada.
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43
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Jebbink J, Veenboer G, Boussata S, Keijser R, Kremer AE, Elferink RO, van der Post J, Afink G, Ris-Stalpers C. Total bile acids in the maternal and fetal compartment in relation to placental ABCG2 expression in preeclamptic pregnancies complicated by HELLP syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:131-6. [PMID: 25446997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate total bile acid (TBA) levels in maternal (MB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) in normotensive, preeclamptic (PE), and PE pregnancies complicated by hemolysis elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome in the context of ABCG2 placental gene expression levels, a recently reported placental bile acid transporter. METHODS TBA levels were determined in 83 paired MB and UCB samples of normotensive, PE and PE/HELLP pregnancies and in 22 paired arterial and venous UCB samples from uncomplicated term pregnancies. ABCG2 gene expression was measured in 104 human placentas by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Overall, TBA levels in MB are higher compared to levels in UCB (p<0.0001), but this comparison looses statistical significance for the 11 PE/HELLP cases. TBA levels in maternal blood are increased in PE/HELLP compared to PE pregnancies (p=0.016). TBA levels in arterial and venous UCB from 22 normotensive pregnancies are not statistically different. ABCG2 expression is reduced in pregnancies where preeclampsia is further complicated by HELLP syndrome. ABCG2 expression in human placenta is not correlated with TBA levels in either the maternal or fetal compartment. CONCLUSION Increased maternal TBA levels in PE/HELLP pregnancies indicate a relation between bile acids in the maternal circulation and HELLP syndrome. As overall TBA levels in maternal blood are increased compared to UCB, we conclude that the placenta partly protects the fetus from increased maternal TBA levels. This consistent difference in TBA levels between the maternal and fetal compartment is unrelated to the placental expression of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiska Jebbink
- Women's and Children's Clinic, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, PO Box 95500, Amsterdam 1090 HM, The Netherlands.
| | - Geertruda Veenboer
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Souad Boussata
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Keijser
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas E Kremer
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Ulmenweg 18, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Ronald Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van der Post
- Women's and Children's Clinic, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Afink
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie Ris-Stalpers
- Women's and Children's Clinic, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands; Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam 1100 DD, The Netherlands
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Cressman AM, McDonald CR, Silver K, Kain KC, Piquette-Miller M. Malaria infection alters the expression of hepatobiliary and placental drug transporters in pregnant mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:603-10. [PMID: 24281836 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing and treating malaria in pregnancy is a global health priority. However little is known regarding the impact of malaria infection on the maternal and fetal disposition of pharmaceuticals and other xenobiotics. Our objective was to characterize expression of key determinants of drug-disposition in maternal and fetal tissues in a validated murine model of experimental placental malaria. Balb/c mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei at mid gestation [gestational day (GD) 13] and maternal, placental, and fetal tissues were collected at GD19. Expression of key ABC drug transporters and Cyp3a11 was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to examine the protein expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1, ABCB1). Compared with controls, placental mRNA expression of Abcb1a, Abcb1b, Abcc1, Abcc2, Abcc3, and Abcg2 were significantly downregulated in the malaria-infected group (P < 0.05), as was placental MDR1 protein (P < 0.05). Significantly decreased hepatic expression of Abcc2, Abcg2, and Abcb11 and significantly increased expression of Abcb1b, Abcc1, and Abcc3 were seen in malaria-infected dams (P < 0.05) in comparison with uninfected controls. The expression of Abcb1a and Abcg2 was significantly decreased in fetal liver of infected dams, whereas levels of Abcb1b were increased (P < 0.05). Maternal and fetal hepatic expression of Cyp3a11 was significantly downregulated in the malaria group (P < 0.05). Together, malaria-induced alterations in the expression of transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in maternal and fetal tissues may alter the disposition of endogenous and therapeutic substrates, potentially impacting maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Cressman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.C., M.P.-M.); and Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (C.R.M., K.S., K.C.K.)
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