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Barros O, D'Agostino VG, Lara Santos L, Vitorino R, Ferreira R. Shaping the future of oral cancer diagnosis: advances in salivary proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024; 21:149-168. [PMID: 38626289 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2343585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva has gained increasing attention in the quest for disease biomarkers. Because it is a biological fluid that can be collected is an easy, painless, and safe way, it has been increasingly studied for the identification of oral cancer biomarkers. This is particularly important because oral cancer is often diagnosed at late stages with a poor prognosis. AREAS COVERED The review addresses the evolution of the experimental approaches used in salivary proteomics studies of oral cancer over the years and outlines advantages and pitfalls related to each one. In addition, examines the current landscape of oral cancer biomarker discovery and translation focusing on salivary proteomic studies. This discussion is based on an extensive literature search (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar). EXPERT OPINION The introduction of mass spectrometry has revolutionized the study of salivary proteomics. In the future, the focus will be on refining existing methods and introducing powerful experimental techniques such as mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring, which, despite their effectiveness, are still underutilized due to their high cost. In addition, conducting studies with larger cohorts and establishing standardized protocols for salivary proteomics are key challenges that need to be addressed in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Barros
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Vito G D'Agostino
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lucio Lara Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network) and Surgical Department of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
- UnIC, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Reddi KK, Zhang W, Shahrabi-Farahani S, Anderson KM, Liu M, Kakhniashvili D, Wang X, Zhang YH. Tetraspanin CD82 Correlates with and May Regulate S100A7 Expression in Oral Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2659. [PMID: 38473906 PMCID: PMC10932236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Many metastatic cancers with poor prognoses correlate to downregulated CD82, but exceptions exist. Understanding the context of this correlation is essential to CD82 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes over 90% of oral cancer. We aimed to uncover the function and mechanism of CD82 in OSCC. We investigated CD82 in human OSCC cell lines, tissues, and healthy controls using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene knockout, transcriptomics, proteomics, etc. CD82 expression is elevated in CAL 27 cells. Knockout CD82 altered over 300 genes and proteins and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, CD82 expression correlates with S100 proteins in CAL 27, CD82KO, SCC-25, and S-G cells and some OSCC tissues. The 37-50 kDa CD82 protein in CAL 27 cells is upregulated, glycosylated, and truncated. CD82 correlates with S100 proteins and may regulate their expression and cell migration. The truncated CD82 explains the invasive metastasis and poor outcome of the CAL 27 donor. OSCC with upregulated truncated CD82 and S100A7 may represent a distinct subtype with a poor prognosis. Differing alternatives from wild-type CD82 may elucidate the contradictory functions and pave the way for CD82 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Reddi
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- USDA-ARS, Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research Unit, 141 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 346, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Shokoufeh Shahrabi-Farahani
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kenneth Mark Anderson
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mingyue Liu
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - David Kakhniashvili
- The Proteomics & Metabolomics Core Facility, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas, Suite 110, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Xusheng Wang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 71 S. Manassas, Room 410H, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yanhui H. Zhang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 875 Union Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Fathima R, Ramamoorthi R, Gopalakrishnan S, Jayaseelan VP, Muniapillai S. Expression of salivary levels of S100A7 in oral submucous fibrosis and oral leukoplakia. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:84-89. [PMID: 38800445 PMCID: PMC11126246 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_113_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to evaluate the expression of S100A7 levels in saliva of oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia patients, and healthy control. Materials and Methods The study comprised of saliva samples from 15 patients each with clinically diagnosed oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, and healthy control. Salivary S100A7 levels were estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. The significance level is fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). To compare the mean values of concentration between the disease group oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and control, one-way analysis of variance was used followed by a post hoc test for multiple pairwise comparisons. Results The results of the study indicated a statistically significant increase in the salivary S100A7 level among the OSMF and OL when compared with the control group. When a pairwise comparison was done between OSMF with a control group and leukoplakia with a control group, a statistically significant difference was observed, subsequently while comparing OSMF with leukoplakia, and no statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated increased S100A7 levels in OSMF and OL when compared with control group. This indicated that salivary S100A7 can be used as an adjunctive marker to identify patients at risk of progression into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Razwia Fathima
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghini Ramamoorthi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, and Research Scholar, Clinical Genetics Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vijayashree P. Jayaseelan
- Associate Professor, Clinical Genetics Lab, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Muniapillai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Madha Dental College and Hospital, Kundrathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kalló G, Bertalan PM, Márton I, Kiss C, Csősz É. Salivary Chemical Barrier Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Alterations in the Defense Mechanism of the Oral Cavity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13657. [PMID: 37686462 PMCID: PMC10487546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most frequent types of head and neck cancer. Despite the genetic and environmental risk factors, OSCC is also associated with microbial infections and/or dysbiosis. The secreted saliva serves as the chemical barrier of the oral cavity and, since OSCC can alter the protein composition of saliva, our aim was to analyze the effect of OSCC on the salivary chemical barrier proteins. Publicly available datasets regarding the analysis of salivary proteins from patients with OSCC and controls were collected and examined in order to identify differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins. Network analysis and gene ontology (GO) classification of the differentially expressed chemical barrier proteins were performed as well. One hundred and twenty-seven proteins showing different expression pattern between the OSCC and control groups were found. Protein-protein interaction networks of up- and down-regulated proteins were constructed and analyzed. The main hub proteins (IL-6, IL-1B, IL-8, TNF, APOA1, APOA2, APOB, APOC3, APOE, and HP) were identified and the enriched GO terms were examined. Our study highlighted the importance of the chemical barrier of saliva in the development of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Kalló
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Petra Magdolna Bertalan
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Éva Csősz
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (P.M.B.); (I.M.); (É.C.)
- Biomarker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Hu Y, Han Y, He M, Zhang Y, Zou X. S100 proteins in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:362. [PMID: 37545618 PMCID: PMC10398633 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common tumor affecting the head and neck is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The characteristics of HNSCC include a rapid onset, a lack of early diagnosis, drug resistance, relapse and systemic adverse effects, leading to inadequate prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Notably, previous research suggests that there is an association between S100 proteins and HNSCC. S100A8, S100A9 and S100A14 interfere with tumor cell proliferation by blocking the cell cycle. The present review discusses this association. S100A4 enhances cancer stem cell properties, and interacts with actin and tropomyosin to promote tumor cell migration. S100A1, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, S100A14 and S100P are involved in the initiation and progression of HNSCC via Hippo, nuclear factor κB, phosphatidylinositol kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin and other signaling pathways. In addition, certain long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs are involved in regulating the expression of S100 proteins in HNSCC. Reducing the expression of certain members of the S100 protein family may enhance the chemosensitivity of HNSCC. Collectively, it is suggested that S100 proteins may function as markers and targets for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yucheng Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Minhui He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Yanqun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xianqiong Zou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
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Sánchez-Medrano AG, Martinez-Martinez RE, Soria-Guerra R, Portales-Perez D, Bach H, Martinez-Gutierrez F. A systematic review of the protein composition of whole saliva in subjects with healthy periodontium compared with chronic periodontitis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286079. [PMID: 37224160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease linked to oral microbiota dysbiosis. This disease progresses to infection that stimulates a host immune/inflammatory response, with progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to present a robust critical evaluation of the evidence of salivary protein profiles for identifying oral diseases using proteomic approaches and summarize the use of these approaches to diagnose chronic periodontitis. DATA SOURCES A systematic literature search was conducted from January 1st, 2010, to December 1st, 2022, based on PICO criteria following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and by searching the three databases Science Direct, Scopus, and Springer Link. STUDY SELECTION According to the inclusion criteria, eight studies were identified to analyze the proteins identified by proteomics. RESULTS The protein family S100 was identified as the most abundant in patients with chronic periodontitis. In this family, an increased abundance of S100A8 and S100A9 from individuals with the active disease was observed, which strongly relates to the inflammatory response. Moreover, the ratio S100A8/S100A9 and the metalloproteinase-8 in saliva could differentiate distinct periodontitis groups. The changes in protein profile after non-surgical periodontal therapy improved the health of the buccal area. The results of this systematic review identified a set of proteins that could be used as a complementary tool for periodontitis diagnosis using salivary proteins. CONCLUSION Biomarkers in saliva can be used to monitor an early stage of periodontitis and the progression of the disease following therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Soria-Guerra
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Diana Portales-Perez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fidel Martinez-Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico
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Alsaeedi SM, Aggarwal S. The Holistic Review on Occurrence, Biology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus 2022; 14:e30226. [PMID: 36381928 PMCID: PMC9651169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalent head and neck cancer type is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It is widespread and associated with a high death rate of around 50% in some regions of the world. We discuss the likelihood of developing OSCC and the impact of age in this review. Prior to examining the vast array of diagnostic indicators, a brief explanation of the biology of the disease is addressed. Finally, the therapeutic strategies for OSCC are listed. The complete literature for this study was compiled by searching Google Scholar and PubMed using the terms "OSCC," "oral squamous cell carcinoma," "diagnosis of OSCC," "oral cancer," and "biomarkers and OSCC." The research finds that OSCC has several critical parameters with a lot of room for additional in-depth study.
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Singh LK, Pandey M, Baithalu RK, Fernandes A, Ali SA, Jaiswal L, Pannu S, Neeraj, Mohanty TK, Kumaresan A, Datta TK, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Comparative Proteome Profiling of Saliva Between Estrus and Non-Estrus Stages by Employing Label-Free Quantitation (LFQ) and Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-LC-MS/MS Analysis: An Approach for Estrus Biomarker Identification in Bubalus bubalis. Front Genet 2022; 13:867909. [PMID: 35754844 PMCID: PMC9217162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.867909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of estrus is essentially required for efficient reproduction management of farm animals. Buffalo is a shy breeder and does not manifest overt signs of estrus that make estrus detection difficult resulting in a poor conception rate. Therefore, identifying estrus biomarkers in easily accessible biofluid such as saliva is of utmost interest. In the current study, we generated saliva proteome profiles during proestrus (PE), estrus (E), metestrus (ME), and diestrus (DE) stages of the buffalo estrous cycle using both label-free quantitation (LFQ) and labeled (TMT) quantitation and mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 520 proteins were identified as DEPs in LFQ; among these, 59 and four proteins were upregulated (FC ≥ 1.5) and downregulated (FC ≤ 0.5) during E vs. PE, ME, and DE comparisons, respectively. Similarly, TMT-LC-MS/MS analysis identified 369 DEPs; among these, 74 and 73 proteins were upregulated and downregulated during E vs. PE, ME, and DE stages, respectively. Functional annotations of GO terms showed enrichment of glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, endopeptidase inhibitor activity, salivary secretion, innate immune response, calcium ion binding, oocyte meiosis, and estrogen signaling. Over-expression of SERPINB1, HSPA1A, VMO1, SDF4, LCN1, OBP, and ENO3 proteins during estrus was further confirmed by Western blotting. This is the first comprehensive report on differential proteome analysis of buffalo saliva between estrus and non-estrus stages. This study generated an important panel of candidate proteins that may be considered buffalo estrus biomarkers which can be applied in the development of a diagnostic kit for estrus detection in buffalo.
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Kim JW, Jung JY, Lee SW, Baek WY, Kim HA, Suh CH. S100A8 in Serum, Urine, and Saliva as a Potential Biomarker for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886209. [PMID: 35529863 PMCID: PMC9073082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the potential of serum, urine, and saliva S100 calcium-binding protein A8 protein (S100A8) levels as biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsSerum, urine, and saliva samples were obtained from 249 patients with SLE from the Ajou lupus cohort and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). The concentrations of S100A8 were quantified using an ELISA, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze whether they may be used as biomarkers for diagnosing SLE.ResultsAmong 249 SLE patients included in our study, the mean SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI)-2K was 7.16 ± 5.61, and the number of patients with lupus flare was 11. Patients with SLE showed a 2.7-fold increase in serum S100A8 levels compared with that in HCs (1,890.6 vs. 709 pg/ml, p < 0.001). In urine and saliva, the average S100A8 levels were significantly higher in patients with SLE compared with those in HCs (urine, 2,029.4 vs. 1,096.7 pg/ml, p = 0.001; saliva, 290,496.3 vs. 47,742 pg/ml, p < 0.001). For SLE diagnosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.831 for serum S100A8 (95% CI, 0.765–0.897), 0.751 for urine S100A8 (95% CI, 0.648–0.854), and 0.729 for salivary S100A8 (95% CI, 0.646–0.812). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that S100A8 in serum, urine, and saliva was significantly associated with the SLEDAI (r = 0.267, p < 0.001; r = 0.274, p < 0.001; and r = 0.629, p < 0.001, respectively). Among the clinical manifestations, nephritis was the most influential factor related to SLE in the concentration of S100A8 in serum, urine, and saliva.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that the expression of S100A8 in serum, urine, and saliva is significantly higher in patients with SLE than in HCs and is associated with disease activity markers. Therefore, we suggest that S100A8 protein could be a potential biomarker for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Wook-Young Baek
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Chang-Hee Suh,
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Boroumand M, Olianas A, Cabras T, Manconi B, Fanni D, Faa G, Desiderio C, Messana I, Castagnola M. Saliva, a bodily fluid with recognized and potential diagnostic applications. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3677-3690. [PMID: 34350708 PMCID: PMC9290823 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human whole saliva is a bodily fluid that can be obtained easily by noninvasive techniques. Specimens can be collected by the patient also at home in order to monitor health status and variations of several analytes of clinical interest. The contributions to whole saliva include secretions from salivary glands and, among others, from the gingival crevicular fluid that derives from the epithelial mucosa. Therefore, saliva is currently a relevant diagnostic fluid for many substances, including steroids, nonpeptide hormones, therapeutic drugs, and drugs of abuse. This review at first briefly describes the different contributions to whole saliva. A section illustrates the procedures for the collection, handling, and storage of salivary specimens. Another section describes the present use of whole saliva for diagnostic purposes and its specific utilization for the diagnosis of several local and systemic diseases. The final sections illustrate the future opportunities offered by various not conventional techniques with a focus on the most recent –omic investigations. It describes the various issues that have to be taken into account to avoid false positives and negatives, such as the strength of the experimental plan, the adequacy of the number of samples under study, and the proper choice of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Boroumand
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Olianas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Vita e Dell'Ambiente, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gavino Faa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Patologia, Università di Cagliari, AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Irene Messana
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Laboratorio di Proteomica, Centro Europeo di Ricerca sul Cervello, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
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11
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Guillon M, Pham Dang N, Thévenon J, Devoize L. Salivary diagnosis of oral cancers by salivary samples: a systematic literature review. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2021013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to carry out a systematic analysis of the literature concerning the diagnosis of oral cancers by salivary samples. Different biomarkers, produced by the tumor itself or by its environment, show significant variations in their concentration at the salivary level, correlated or not at the blood or tissue level. After studying 239 articles, we included 36 in this analysis. This allowed us to extract 46 potential molecules for salivary diagnostics. Only 26 demonstrated a good level of evidence. 8 clusters have also been proposed for better specificity and sensitivity. To date, the protocols of the studies carried out do not allow to affirm that one or more biomarkers are effective for a salivary diagnosis of oral cancers. Part of the results contradict or sometimes lack precision. In addition, the studies included here do not have a good methodological quality and do not always take into account other factors influencing the concentrations (systemic diseases, age, sex, tobacco, alcohol, etc.). Additional studies are still necessary, notably with larger groups of patients, representative of the general population and standardization of the protocols for the study and quantification of biomarkers.
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Goldoni R, Farronato M, Connelly ST, Tartaglia GM, Yeo WH. Recent advances in graphene-based nanobiosensors for salivary biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 33096432 PMCID: PMC7666013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As biosensing research is rapidly advancing due to significant developments in materials, chemistry, and electronics, researchers strive to build cutting-edge biomedical devices capable of detecting health-monitoring biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. Biosensors using nanomaterials are highly promising because of the wide detection range, fast response time, system miniaturization, and enhanced sensitivity. In the recent development of biosensors and electronics, graphene has rapidly gained popularity due to its superior electrical, biochemical, and mechanical properties. For biomarker detection, human saliva offers easy access with a large variety of analytes, making it a promising candidate for its use in point-of-care (POC) devices. Here, we report a comprehensive review that summarizes the most recent graphene-based nanobiosensors and oral bioelectronics for salivary biomarker detection. We discuss the details of structural designs of graphene electronics, use cases of salivary biomarkers, the performance of existing sensors, and applications in health monitoring. This review also describes current challenges in materials and systems and future directions of the graphene bioelectronics for clinical POC applications. Collectively, the main contribution of this paper is to deliver an extensive review of the graphene-enabled biosensors and oral electronics and their successful applications in human salivary biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Stephen Thaddeus Connelly
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Maxillofacial and Dental Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Italy
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Abstract
Oral cancer, a universal malady, has become a stumbling block over the years due to its significant morbidity and mortality rates. The greater morbidity associated with this deadly disease is attributed to delay in its diagnosis / its presentation in advanced stage. Being multifactorial, Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the outcome of genetic and epigenetic instability. However, in many instances, oral cancer is preceded by precursor lesions named as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), the early detection of which makes it beneficial for patients with the possible increase in the productive longevity. Many diagnostic tools / aids have been explored with the aim of early detection of oral precancer and cancer. The basic chair-side procedures or relatively advanced aids come with a set of limitations along with subjectivity as one of the setbacks. The advent and exploitation of molecular techniques in the field of health diagnostics, is demanding the molecular typing of the OPMDs and also of oral cancer. The saga of various diagnostic aids for OSCC has witnessed the so-called latest trends such as lab-on-chip, microfluidics, nano diagnostics, liquid biopsy, omics technology and synthetic biology in early detection of oral precancer and cancer. Oral cancer being multifactorial in origin with the chief participation of altered genetics and epigenetics would demand high-end diagnostics for designing personalized therapy. Hence, the present paper highlights the role of various advanced diagnostic aids including 'omics' technology and synthetic biology in oral precancer and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roopa S Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hytham N Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Alhazmi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Habib Awan
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah 84095, United States.
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Salivary Proteomic Analysis of Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Consumers by Mass Spectrometry Revealed Primary Indication of Oral Malignancies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Alghamdi O, Al-Aali KA, Al Deeb M, Abduljabbar T, Vohra F. Expression of Salivary S100A7 Levels in Stage I Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical and Laboratory Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1115-1119. [PMID: 32334479 PMCID: PMC7445966 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by juxta-epithelial fibrosis. The main etiological agent associated with the high-risk precancerous condition is areca nut use. S100A7 is a member of the largest calcium-binding proteins exclusively found in vertebrates and are associated with the regulation of numerous intracellular and extracellular functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of protein S100A7 in salivary samples of individuals with stage I OSF and healthy controls. Methods: This study included 63 participants, 30 of whom had OSF stage I and 33 healthy controls. Nonprobability quota sampling technique was utilized for recruitment of the study participants. A structured baseline questionnaire was used to collect demographic data. Saliva samples were collected by passive droll technique in a sterile container. Salivary levels of S100A7 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For the normality of the data Shapiro Wilk test was performed. Student t-test was commuted to evaluate the expression of S100A7 protein expression between both the study groups. Results: The mean salivary S100A7 value for stage I OSF group was 0.334 ng/ml, compared to 0.172 ng/ml for healthy controls. Student t-test reported a statistically significant difference, indicating higher levels of S100A7 in stage I OSF group than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). In the individual group analysis, a significant negative correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and duration of areca nut use (r = –0.45, p = 0.009) and gutka chewing (r = –0.20, p = 0.03), while a significant positive correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and mouth opening (r = 0.03, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Higher levels of S100A7 protein level was seen in stage I OSF group in comparison to the healthy individuals. Results of our study suggest that S100A7 could be used as a surrogate assessment to identify patients at risk of OSF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsalan Raffat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Baqai Dental College, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Osama Alghamdi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of dentistry King Saud University. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulud Abdulrahman Al-Aali
- Department of Clinical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Al Deeb
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gug IT, Tertis M, Hosu O, Cristea C. Salivary biomarkers detection: Analytical and immunological methods overview. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Hosein M, Zubairi AM, Ikram S, Akram Z. Differential expression of salivary S100A7 in oral submucous fibrosis. Saudi Dent J 2018; 31:39-44. [PMID: 30705567 PMCID: PMC6349954 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the expression of salivary S100A7 levels among patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and healthy controls. Method A total number of 60 participants were included in the study (30 OSF cases and 30 healthy controls). Demographic data was collected using a structured baseline questionnaire. Salivary S100A7 levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analyzed using Student t-test. Pearson correlation test was used to evaluate correlation between S100A7 levels and independent variables such as frequency and duration of areca nut use, gutka use, and mouth opening. Results The mean value of salivary S100A7 for OSF group was 0.275 ng/ml, whereas mean value of salivary S100A7 for healthy controls was 0.195 ng/ml. Student t-test indicated that there was statistically significantly higher levels of S100A7 in OSF group as compared to healthy controls (p < .001). When the clinical variables of individual groups were analysed, a significant negative correlation was found between salivary S100A7 and duration of areca nut (p = .009) and gutka chewing (p = .03), whereas a significant positive correlation was found for mouth opening (p = .04). Conclusion OSF presented higher levels of salivary S100A7 levels as compared with healthy individuals and may be used as surrogate measure to identify subjects at risk for OSF.
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Key Words
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma
- OSF, oral submucous fibrosis
- Oral submucous fibrosis
- Psoriasin, S100A7
- RAGEs, receptors of advanced glycated end products
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S100A7 protein
- SPSS, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
- Saliva
- TMB, tetramethylbenzidine
- UWS, unstimulated whole saliva
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arsalan Raffat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naila Irum Hadi
- Department of Pathology, Islamabad Medical & Dental College, 45400 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mervyn Hosein
- Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Mustafa Zubairi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Ziauddin University Hospital, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ikram
- Department of Oral Biology, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University, 75600 Karachi, Pakistan
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18
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Zhao C, Zou H, Wang J, Shen J, Liu H. A Three Long Noncoding RNA-Based Signature for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Prognosis Prediction. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:888-895. [PMID: 30234381 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite relative high 5-year survival rate, delayed diagnosis still hampers its prognosis improvement. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has recently been demonstrated to involve in development of various cancers. This study aimed to identify a lncRNA-based signature by which we could accurately predict OSCC prognosis. We first downloaded the RNA sequencing datasets for OSCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and divided samples into training set and validation set. Associations between lncRNAs' expression and OSCC overall survival (OS) were evaluated in training set. Further screening through Random Survival Forest (RSF) method identified a prognostic signature composed of three lncRNAs, including AC013268.5, RP11.65 L3.4, and RP11.15A1.7, and by which OSCC samples in training set could be divided into high-risk and low-risk group with significantly different OS (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.873). Besides, reliability of the prognostic signature was confirmed in the validation set (p < 0.01, HR = 2.14). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed the superiority of the signature in OSCC prognosis prediction than other clinical characteristics. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that high-risk score was closely associated with metabolism and spliceosome related pathways. Our findings suggest that lncRNA should be an important biomarker for prognosis of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhao
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Huiru Zou
- 2 Central Laboratory of Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University , Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- 1 Department of Emergency, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Liu
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital , Tianjin, China
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19
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Goertzen C, Mahdi H, Laliberte C, Meirson T, Eymael D, Gil-Henn H, Magalhaes M. Oral inflammation promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29047-29063. [PMID: 30018735 PMCID: PMC6044370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 95% of oral malignancies and invasion, and metastasis underlies disease morbidity and mortality. We recently established a direct link between oral inflammation and cancer invasion by showing that neutrophils increase OSCC invasion through a tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)-dependent mechanism. The objective of this study was to characterize OSCC-associated inflammation and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-mediated OSCC invasion. Our results showed a significant increase in neutrophil infiltration, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in the OSCC microenvironment and increased inflammatory markers, particularly TNFα in saliva. We performed next-generation sequencing of the TNFα-treated OSCC cells and showed marked overexpression of over 180 genes distributed among clusters related to neutrophil recruitment, invasion, and invadopodia. At the molecular level, TNFα treatment increased phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated invadopodia formation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent invasion. We show here that TNFα promotes a pro-inflammatory and pro-invasion phenotype leading to the recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells in a paracrine mechanism. Increased TNFα in the tumor microenvironment tips the balance towards invasion leading to decreased overall survival and disease-free survival. This represents a significant advancement of oral cancer research and will support new treatment approaches to control OSCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Goertzen
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hayder Mahdi
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine Laliberte
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tomer Meirson
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Denise Eymael
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Marco Magalhaes
- Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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20
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Castagnola M, Scarano E, Passali GC, Messana I, Cabras T, Iavarone F, Di Cintio G, Fiorita A, De Corso E, Paludetti G. Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA 2018; 37:94-101. [PMID: 28516971 PMCID: PMC5463528 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and -omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castagnola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - E Scarano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G C Passali
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - I Messana
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, and Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare C.N.R. Rome, Italy
| | - T Cabras
- Life and Enviromental Sciences Department, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Iavarone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Di Cintio
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Fiorita
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - E De Corso
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Paludetti
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Raffat MA, Hadi NI, Hosein M, Mirza S, Ikram S, Akram Z. S100 proteins in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Methylation of S100A8 is a promising diagnosis and prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56798-56810. [PMID: 27462864 PMCID: PMC5302953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormality of DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic alterations in the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have assessed the global genomic DNA methylation profiles in human HCC patients by using the Infinium Human Methylation27 BeadChip. A CpG loci of S100A8 was found to be significantly hypomethylated in HCC. Pooled meta-analysis of five validation public datasets demonstrated its methylation level was significantly lower for HCC compared to paired adjacent normal tissues. Quantitative pyrosequencing analysis also showed that the S100A8 methylation level was decreased in cancer tissues (31.90%±13.31%) than that in the paired adjacent normal tissues (65.33%±3.64%, p<0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was 0.950 (p<0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that hypomethylation of S100A8 was associated with shortened overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (log rank p<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model also indicated significantly shorter OS (HR, 1.709; 95 % CI, 1.127–2.591) and PFS (HR, 1.767; 95 % CI, 1.168–2.974) were observed in the low-methylation-level group compared to the high-methylation-level group. Furthermore, S100A8 overexpression in Huh7 and MHCC-97H hepatoma cell lines led to increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. These findings suggested S100A8 methylation to be served as potential diagnosis and prognosis marker for HCC. S100A8 also may play as a tumor promoter in HCC.
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Rai V, Mukherjee R, Ghosh AK, Routray A, Chakraborty C. "Omics" in oral cancer: New approaches for biomarker discovery. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:15-34. [PMID: 29247855 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this review paper, we explored the application of "omics" approaches in the study of oral cancer (OC). It will provide a better understanding of how "omics" approaches may lead to novel biomarker molecules or molecular signatures with potential value in clinical practice. A future direction of "omics"-driven research in OC is also discussed. METHODS Studies on "omics"-based approaches [genomics/proteomics/transcriptomics/metabolomics] were investigated for differentiating oral squamous cell carcinoma,oral sub-mucous fibrosis, oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, oral erythroplakia from normal cases. Electronic databases viz., PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar were searched. RESULTS One eighty-one studies were included in this review. The review shows that the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics-based marker identification have implemented advanced tools to screen early changes in DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite expression in OC population. CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that despite advances in OC therapy, symptomatic presentation occurs at an advanced stage, where various curative treatment options become very limited. A molecular level study is essential for detecting an OC biomarker at an early stage. Modern "Omics" strategies can potentially make a major contribution to meet this need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vertika Rai
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, India
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24
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Mackie M, Hendy J, Lowe AD, Sperduti A, Holst M, Collins MJ, Speller CF. Preservation of the metaproteome: variability of protein preservation in ancient dental calculus. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 3:74-86. [PMID: 29098079 PMCID: PMC5633013 DOI: 10.1080/20548923.2017.1361629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of dental calculus is emerging as a powerful tool for disease and dietary characterisation of archaeological populations. To better understand the variability in protein results from dental calculus, we analysed 21 samples from three Roman-period populations to compare: 1) the quantity of extracted protein; 2) the number of mass spectral queries; and 3) the number of peptide spectral matches and protein identifications. We found little correlation between the quantity of calculus analysed and total protein identifications, as well as no systematic trends between site location and protein preservation. We identified a wide range of individual variability, which may be associated with the mechanisms of calculus formation and/or post-depositional contamination, in addition to taphonomic factors. Our results suggest dental calculus is indeed a stable, long-term reservoir of proteins as previously reported, but further systematic studies are needed to identify mechanisms associated with protein entrapment and survival in dental calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Mackie
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jessica Hendy
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Abigail D. Lowe
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | | | - Malin Holst
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- York Osteoarchaeology Ltd
| | - Matthew J. Collins
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- EvoGenomics Section, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Csősz É, Lábiscsák P, Kalló G, Márkus B, Emri M, Szabó A, Tar I, Tőzsér J, Kiss C, Márton I. Proteomics investigation of OSCC-specific salivary biomarkers in a Hungarian population highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored biomarkers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177282. [PMID: 28545132 PMCID: PMC5436697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounting for about 90% of malignant oral lesions is the 6th most common malignancy worldwide. Diagnostic delay may contribute to dismal survival rate therefore, there is a need for developing specific and sensitive biomarkers to improve early detection. Hungarian population occupies the top places of statistics regarding OSCC incidence and mortality figures therefore, we aimed at finding potential salivary protein biomarkers suitable for the Hungarian population. In this study we investigated 14 proteins which were previously reported as significantly elevated in saliva of patients with OSCC. In case of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and VEGF a Luminex-based multiplex kit was utilized and the salivary concentrations were determined. In case of catalase, profilin-1, S100A9, CD59, galectin-3-bindig protein, CD44, thioredoxin and keratin-19, SRM-based targeted proteomic method was developed and the relative amount of the proteins was determined in the saliva of patients with OSCC and controls. After several rounds of optimization and using stable isotope-containing peptides, we developed an SRM-based method for rapid salivary protein detection. The validation of the selected potential biomarkers by ELISA revealed salivary protein S100A9 and IL-6 as useful protein biomarkers for OSCC detection improving the diagnostic accuracy for OSCC in the Hungarian population.A noninvasive diagnostic method to detect biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis of OSCC was developed. This can be an attractive strategy in screening saliva samples collected in a nation-wide multi-centric study in order to decrease morbidity, mortality, to enhance survival rate and to improve quality of life. The heterogeneity of protein biomarkers found in different ethnic groups presented in the literature highlights the importance of identification of population-tailored protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Lábiscsák
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Márkus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Emri
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Tar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor Kiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Márton
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Debrecen, 1. Egyetem ter, Debrecen, Hungary
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Chen YT, Chen HW, Wu CF, Chu LJ, Chiang WF, Wu CC, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Liang KH, Chang YS, Wu M, Ou Yang WT. Development of a Multiplexed Liquid Chromatography Multiple-Reaction-Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (LC-MRM/MS) Method for Evaluation of Salivary Proteins as Oral Cancer Biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:799-811. [PMID: 28235782 PMCID: PMC5417822 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple (selected) reaction monitoring (MRM/SRM) of peptides is a growing technology for target protein quantification because it is more robust, precise, accurate, high-throughput, and multiplex-capable than antibody-based techniques. The technique has been applied clinically to the large-scale quantification of multiple target proteins in different types of fluids. However, previous MRM-based studies have placed less focus on sample-preparation workflow and analytical performance in the precise quantification of proteins in saliva, a noninvasively sampled body fluid. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of a simple and robust multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted proteomics approach incorporating liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MRM/MS). This platform was used to quantitatively assess the biomarker potential of a group of 56 salivary proteins that have previously been associated with human cancers. To further enhance the development of this technology for assay of salivary samples, we optimized the workflow for salivary protein digestion and evaluated quantification performance, robustness and technical limitations in analyzing clinical samples. Using a clinically well-characterized cohort of two independent clinical sample sets (total n = 119), we quantitatively characterized these protein biomarker candidates in saliva specimens from controls and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. The results clearly showed a significant elevation of most targeted proteins in saliva samples from OSCC patients compared with controls. Overall, this platform was capable of assaying the most highly multiplexed panel of salivary protein biomarkers, highlighting the clinical utility of MRM in oral cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Chen
- From the ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan;
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Chen
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Chiang
- ‡‡Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Taiwan
- §§School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶¶Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- **Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ¶Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- ‖‖Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Maureen Wu
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Ou Yang
- §Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Cheng DD, Li J, Li SJ, Yang QC, Fan CY. CNOT1 cooperates with LMNA to aggravate osteosarcoma tumorigenesis through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:388-404. [PMID: 28188704 PMCID: PMC5527480 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
While treatments for childhood osteosarcoma have improved, the overall survival for this common type of bone cancer has not changed for three decades, and thus, new targets for therapeutic development are needed. To identify tumor-related proteins in osteosarcoma, we used isobaric tags in a relative and absolute quantitation proteomic approach to analyze the differentially expressed proteins between osteosarcoma cells and human osteoblastic cells. Through clinical screening and functional evaluation, CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 1 (CNOT1) correlated with the growth of osteosarcoma cells. To date, the mechanisms and regulatory roles of CNOT1 in tumors, including osteosarcoma, remain largely elusive. Here, we present evidence that knockdown of CNOT1 inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we observed that CNOT1 interacted with LMNA (lamin A) and functioned as a positive regulator of this intermediate filament protein. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that CNOT1 depletion inhibited the Hedgehog signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells. A rescue study showed that the decreased growth of osteosarcoma cells and inhibition of the Hedgehog signaling pathway by CNOT1 depletion were reversed by LMNA overexpression, indicating that the activity of CNOT1 was LMNA dependent. Notably, the CNOT1 expression was significantly associated with tumor recurrence, Enneking stage, and poor survival in patients with osteosarcoma. Examination of clinical samples confirmed that CNOT1 expression positively correlated with LMNA protein expression. Taken together, these results suggest that the CNOT1-LMNA-Hedgehog signaling pathway axis exerts an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma progression, which could be a potential target for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Qing-Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
| | - Cun-Yi Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China
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28
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Ekström J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Sannam Khan R, Khurshid Z, Akhbar S, Faraz Moin S. Advances of Salivary Proteomics in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Detection: An Update. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4040041. [PMID: 28248250 PMCID: PMC5260973 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer refers to malignancies that have higher morbidity and mortality rates due to the late stage diagnosis and no early detection of a reliable diagnostic marker, while oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is amongst the world’s top ten most common cancers. Diagnosis of cancer requires highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tools which can support untraceable hidden sites of OSCC, yet to be unleashed, for which plenty of biomarkers are identified; the most recommended biomarker detection medium for OSCC includes biological fluids, such as blood and saliva. Saliva holds a promising future in the search for new clinical biomarkers that are easily accessible, less complex, accurate, and cost effective as well as being a non-invasive technique to follow, by analysing the malignant cells’ molecular pathology obtained from saliva through proteomic, genomic and transcriptomic approaches. However, protein biomarkers provide an immense potential for developing novel marker-based assays for oral cancer, hence this current review offers an overall focus on the discovery of a panel of candidates as salivary protein biomarkers, as well as the proteomic tools used for their identification and their significance in early oral cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai University, Super Highway, P.O. Box: 2407, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shazia Akhbar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Heath Sciences (DUHS), Baba-E-Urdu Road, Karachi 74200, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Faraz Moin
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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30
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Zhao J, Huang Y. Salivary uric acid as a noninvasive biomarker for monitoring the efficacy of urate-lowering therapy in a patient with chronic gouty arthropathy. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 450:115-20. [PMID: 26276048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring blood uric acid (UA) is important in all patients on urate-lowering therapy so that the selection of the effective drugs and dosage adjustments could be made until the target level is reached. The issue is that frequent needle jabs are unacceptable. Reported mean levels of salivary UA were 185-240 μmol/l in healthy adults. A linear correlation was demonstrated between UA concentrations in saliva and plasma. We monitored salivary UA instead of plasmatic UA in a patient with gout. METHODS Allopurinol and benzbromarone were used as the therapeutic drugs. Salivary UA; urinary UA and creatinine; and plasmatic UA, creatinine, kynurenine and tryptophan were measured by HPLC. RESULTS Salivary UA indicated the efficacy of therapy accurately and conveniently. After eight weeks therapy, the weekly mean levels of salivary UA were reduced and maintained to <300 μmol/l, which was equivalent to <360 μmol/l of plasmatic UA according to the salivary UA/plasmatic UA ratio of this patient. CONCLUSION Measurement of salivary UA is a noninvasive and useful way for monitoring the status of hyperuricemia and the therapeutic efficacy of urate-lowering therapy. It has value for the management of hyperuricemia and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhao
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Multi-residue analysis of emerging pollutants in benthic invertebrates by modified micro-quick-easy-cheap-efficient-rugged-safe extraction and nanoliquid chromatography–nanospray–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1367:16-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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