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Graham JB, Swarts JL, Koehne AL, Watson CE, Lund JM. Regulatory T cells restrict immunity and pathology in distal tissue sites following a localized infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00061-8. [PMID: 38908483 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are well-known to mediate peripheral tolerance at homeostasis, and there is a growing appreciation for their role in modulating infectious disease immunity. Following acute and chronic infections, Tregs can restrict pathogen-specific T cell responses to limit immunopathology. However, it is unclear if Tregs mediate control of pathology and immunity in distal tissue sites during localized infections. We investigated the role of Tregs in immunity and disease in various tissue compartments in the context of "mild" vaginal Zika virus infection. We found that Tregs are critical to generating robust virus-specific CD8 T cell responses in the initial infection site. Further, Tregs limit inflammatory cytokines and immunopathology during localized infection; a dysregulated immune response in Treg-depleted mice leads to increased T cell infiltrates and immunopathology in both the vagina and the central nervous system (CNS). Importantly, these CNS infiltrates are not present at the same magnitude during infection of Treg-sufficient mice, in which there is no CNS immunopathology. Our data suggest that Tregs are necessary to generate a robust virus-specific response at the mucosal site of infection, while Treg-mediated restriction of bystander inflammation limits immunopathology both at the site of infection as well as distal tissue sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Graham
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica L Swarts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amanda L Koehne
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine E Watson
- Experimental Histopathology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lund
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Huang X, Xing Y, Cui Y, Ji B, Ding B, Zhong J, Jiu Y. Actomyosin-dependent cell contractility orchestrates Zika virus infection. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261301. [PMID: 37622381 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging pathogen infections, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), pose an increasing threat to human health, but the role of mechanobiological attributes of host cells during ZIKV infection is largely unknown. Here, we reveal that ZIKV infection leads to increased contractility of host cells. Importantly, we investigated whether host cell contractility contributes to ZIKV infection efficacy, from both the intracellular and extracellular perspective. By performing drug perturbation and gene editing experiments, we confirmed that disruption of contractile actomyosin compromises ZIKV infection efficiency, viral genome replication and viral particle production. By culturing on compliant matrix, we further demonstrate that a softer substrate, leading to less contractility of host cells, compromises ZIKV infection, which resembles the effects of disrupting intracellular actomyosin organization. Together, our work provides evidence to support a positive correlation between host cell contractility and ZIKV infection efficacy, thus unveiling an unprecedented layer of interplay between ZIKV and the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yifan Xing
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanqin Cui
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Baohua Ji
- Biomechanics and Mechanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Binbin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- Unit of Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaming Jiu
- Unit of Cell Biology and Imaging Study of Pathogen Host Interaction, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road No. 19(A), Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Guerrero Saldivia SE, Unnikrishnan S, Chavarria YY, Akindele AO, Jalkh AP, Eastmond AK, Shetty C, Rizvi SMHA, Sharaf J, Williams KAD, Tariq M, Acharekar MV, Balani P. Zika Virus: A Systematic Review of Teratogenesis, Congenital Anomalies, and Child Mortality. Cureus 2023; 15:e34735. [PMID: 36909038 PMCID: PMC9998135 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus infection (ZIKV) was one of the most catastrophic epidemics. ZIKV in nonpregnant women is mild and sometimes asymptomatic. However, infection during pregnancy leads to congenital malformations in the fetus, while maternal signs of infection are preceded by a rash. The maternal-fetal infection begins with a rash that occurs early during pregnancy. The most severe pathologies were related to the first trimester of gestation, including microcephaly, musculoskeletal, genitourinary, craniofacial, ocular, and pulmonary manifestations. The prognosis may not be encouraging. Herd immunity increases CD8+ (cytotoxic T-lymphocytes) earlier and decreases in the resolution phase. However, CD4+ (T-helper cells) remains higher after infection. Recent ongoing vaccine development shows good immunity, control of the vector (Aedes mosquitoes), and treatment. ZIKV, anomalies, mortality, herd immunity, and vaccine were our main keywords. This systematic review demonstrates the teratogenesis of ZIKV in children, congenital anomalies, mortality, and a view of the future and behavior of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yeny Y Chavarria
- Internal Medicine, Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Adebisi O Akindele
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ana P Jalkh
- Family Medicine, Dermatology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Aziza K Eastmond
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chaitra Shetty
- Medicine and Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Joudi Sharaf
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kerry-Ann D Williams
- Anesthesiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maha Tariq
- Family Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maitri V Acharekar
- Gastroenterology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Prachi Balani
- Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, USA.,Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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4
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Ojha D, Basu R, Peterson KE. Therapeutic targeting of organelles for inhibition of Zika virus replication in neurons. Antiviral Res 2023; 209:105464. [PMID: 36396026 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Since 2015, ZIKV infection has emerged as a leading cause of virus-induced placental insufficiency, microcephaly and other neuronal complications. Currently, no therapeutics have been approved to treat ZIKV infection. In this study, we examined how targeted inhibition of cellular organelles or trafficking processes affected ZIKV infection and replication in neural progenitor cells. We found that blocking endocytosis, Golgi function or structural filaments like actin or microtubules had moderate effects on virus replication. However, inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by treatment with Thapsigargin substantially inhibited virus production, suggesting the ER might be a candidate cellular target. Further analysis showed that sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) was important for ZIKV inhibition. Collectively, these studies indicate that targeting the SERCA-dependent ER stress pathway may be useful to develop antivirals to inhibit ZIKV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durbadal Ojha
- Neuroimmunology Section, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Rahul Basu
- Neuroimmunology Section, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Karin E Peterson
- Neuroimmunology Section, Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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5
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Carabali M, Maxwell L, Levis B, Shreedhar P. Heterogeneity of Zika virus exposure and outcome ascertainment across cohorts of pregnant women, their infants and their children: a metadata survey. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064362. [PMID: 36414312 PMCID: PMC9685007 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To support the Zika virus (ZIKV) Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium's efforts to harmonise and analyse IPD from ZIKV-related prospective cohort studies and surveillance-based studies of pregnant women and their infants and children; we developed and disseminated a metadata survey among ZIKV-IPD Meta-Analysis (MA) study participants to identify and provide a comprehensive overview of study-level heterogeneity in exposure, outcome and covariate ascertainment and definitions. SETTING Cohort and surveillance studies that measured ZIKV infection during pregnancy or at birth and measured fetal, infant, or child outcomes were identified through a systematic search and consultations with ZIKV researchers and Ministries of Health from 20 countries or territories. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-four cohort or active surveillance studies shared deidentified data for the IPD-MA and completed the metadata survey, representing 33 061 women (11 020 with ZIKV) and 18 281 children. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Study-level heterogeneity in exposure, outcome and covariate ascertainment and definitions. RESULTS Median study sample size was 268 (IQR=100, 698). Inclusion criteria, follow-up procedures and exposure and outcome ascertainment were highly heterogenous, differing meaningfully across regions and multisite studies. Enrolment duration and follow-up for children after birth varied before and after the declaration of the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and according to the type of funding received. CONCLUSION This work highlights the logistic and statistical challenges that must be addressed to account for the multiple sources of within-study and between-study heterogeneity when conducting IPD-MAs of data collected in the research response to emergent pathogens like ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Carabali
- Departement de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Maxwell
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland
- Heidelberger Institut für Global Health, UniversitätsKlinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Brooke Levis
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, UK
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Ali IM, Tchuenkam VPK, Colton M, Stittleburg V, Mitchell C, Gaither C, Thwai K, Espinoza DO, Zhu Y, Jamal H, Key A, Juliano JJ, Christopher TB, Piantadosi A, Waggoner JJ, Collins MH. Arboviruses as an unappreciated cause of non-malarial acute febrile illness in the Dschang Health District of western Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010790. [PMID: 36223421 PMCID: PMC9591055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile illness is a common problem managed by clinicians and health systems globally, particularly in the Tropics. In many regions, malaria is a leading and potentially deadly cause of fever; however, myriad alternative etiologies exist. Identifying the cause of fever allows optimal management, but this depends on many factors including thorough knowledge of circulating infections. Arboviruses such as dengue (DENV) cause fever and may be underdiagnosed in sub-Saharan Africa where malaria is a major focus. We examined cases of fever in western Cameroon that tested negative for malaria and found 13.5% (13/96) were due to DENV, with 75% (9/12) of these being DENV serotype 2 infections. Two complete DENV2 genomes were obtained and clustered closely to recent isolates from Senegal and Burkina Faso. The seroprevalence of DENV in this region was 24.8% (96/387). Neutralizing antibodies to DENV2 were detected in all (15/15) seropositive samples tested. Chikungunya (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus that is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, the same principal vector as DENV. The seroprevalence for CHIKV was 15.7% (67/427); however, CHIKV did not cause a single case of fever in the 96 subjects tested. Of note, being seropositive for one arbovirus was associated with being seropositive for the other (Χ2 = 16.8, p<0.001). Taken together, these data indicate that Aedes-transmitted arboviruses are endemic in western Cameroon and are likely a common but underappreciated cause of febrile illness. This work supports the need for additional study of arboviruses in sub-Saharan Africa and efforts to improve diagnostic capacity, surveillance systems, and arbovirus prevention strategies. Acute illness with fever is common but can be challenging for clinicians to manage, particularly in resource-limited settings. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is a major cause of fever, but other causes of fever are poorly documented or monitored, which impairs optimal medical care to patients and implementation of public health interventions to control leading causes of disease. Viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are a prevalent and expanding problem throughout the tropics and beyond; however, there is concern that these infections frequently go undetected in sub-Saharan Africa. We discovered a previously unrecognized outbreak of dengue virus in western Cameroon by testing remnant samples from over 400 patients that presented with fever. Our results indicate that dengue has circulated in this region for decades with little recognition. This study adds important information about causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa and advocates for increasing investment in surveillance systems and prevention strategies for mosquito-borne viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Valery P. K. Tchuenkam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Mia Colton
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Victoria Stittleburg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cedar Mitchell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Claudia Gaither
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kyaw Thwai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel O. Espinoza
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yerun Zhu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Haaris Jamal
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Autum Key
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tume B. Christopher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region of Cameroon, Cameroon
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jesse J. Waggoner
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Collins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhou S, Lin Q, Huang C, Luo X, Tian X, Liu C, Zhang P. Rottlerin plays an antiviral role at early and late steps of Zika virus infection. Virol Sin 2022; 37:685-694. [PMID: 35934227 PMCID: PMC9583117 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of Zika virus (ZIKV) may cause microcephaly and other neurological disorders, while no vaccines and drugs are available. Our study revealed that rottlerin confers a broad antiviral activity against several enveloped viruses, including ZIKV, vesicular stomatitis virus, and herpes simplex virus, but not against two naked viruses (enterovirus 71 and encephalomyocarditis virus). Rottlerin does not have a direct virucidal effect on the virions, and its antiviral effect is independent of its regulation on PKCδ or ATP. Both pretreatment and post-treatment of rottlerin effectively reduce the viral replication of ZIKV. The pretreatment of rottlerin disturbs the endocytosis of enveloped viruses, while the post-treatment of rottlerin acts at a late stage through disturbing the maturation of ZIKV. Importantly, administration of rottlerin in neonatal mice significantly decreased the ZIKV replication in vivo, and alleviated the neurological symptoms caused by ZIKV. Our work suggests that rottlerin exerts an antiviral activity at two distinct steps of viral infection, and can be potentially developed as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent. Rottlerin confers an antiviral activity against several enveloped viruses including Zika virus. Rottlerin interferes with the endocytosis and maturation step of Zika virus. Rottlerin inhibits the ZIKV replication in vivo, and alleviates the neurological symptoms caused by Zika virus.
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8
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Measles-based Zika vaccine induces long-term immunity and requires NS1 antibodies to protect the female reproductive tract. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:43. [PMID: 35440656 PMCID: PMC9018676 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause devastating effects in the unborn fetus of pregnant women. To develop a candidate vaccine that can protect human fetuses, we generated a panel of live measles vaccine (MV) vectors expressing ZIKV-E and -NS1. Our MV-based ZIKV-E vaccine, MV-E2, protected mice from the non-lethal Zika Asian strain (PRVABC59) and the lethal African strain (MR766) challenge. Despite 100% survival of the MV-E2 mice, however, complete viral clearance was not achieved in the brain and reproductive tract of the lethally challenged mice. We then tested MV-based vaccines that expressed E and NS1 together or separately in two different vaccines. We observed complete clearance of ZIKV from the female reproductive tract and complete fetal protection in the lethal African challenge model in animals that received the dual antigen vaccines. Additionally, MV-E2 and MV-NS1, when administered together, induced durable plasma cell responses. Our findings suggest that NS1 antibodies are required to enhance the protection of ZIKV-E antibodies in the female reproductive tract.
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Georgiev GI, Malonis RJ, Wirchnianski AS, Wessel AW, Jung HS, Cahill SM, Nyakatura EK, Vergnolle O, Dowd KA, Cowburn D, Pierson TC, Diamond MS, Lai JR. Resurfaced ZIKV EDIII nanoparticle immunogens elicit neutralizing and protective responses in vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:811-823.e7. [PMID: 35231399 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that can cause severe disease, but there are no approved treatments or vaccines. A complication for flavivirus vaccine development is the potential of immunogens to enhance infection via antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), a process mediated by poorly neutralizing and cross-reactive antibodies. Thus, there is a great need to develop immunogens that minimize the potential to elicit enhancing antibodies. Here we utilized structure-based protein engineering to develop "resurfaced" (rs) ZIKV immunogens based on E glycoprotein domain III (ZDIIIs), in which epitopes bound by variably neutralizing antibodies were masked by combinatorial mutagenesis. We identified one resurfaced ZDIII immunogen (rsZDIII-2.39) that elicited a protective but immune-focused response. Compared to wild type ZDIII, immunization with resurfaced rsZDIII-2.39 protein nanoparticles produced fewer numbers of ZIKV EDIII antigen-reactive B cells and elicited serum that had a lower magnitude of induced ADE against dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) Our findings enhance our understanding of the structural and functional determinants of antibody protection against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryan J Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ariel S Wirchnianski
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alex W Wessel
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Helen S Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sean M Cahill
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elisabeth K Nyakatura
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Cowburn
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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10
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Host cytoskeletal vimentin serves as a structural organizer and an RNA-binding protein regulator to facilitate Zika viral replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2113909119. [PMID: 35193960 PMCID: PMC8872754 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113909119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We discovered a dual role of vimentin underlying Zika virus (ZIKV) replication. The vimentin network reorganizes to surround the replication complex. Depletion of vimentin resulted in drastic segregation of viral proteins and subsequent defective infection, indicating its function as an “organizer” that ensures the concentration of all necessary factors for high replication efficacy. With omics analysis, we prove that vimentin also functions as a “regulator” that dominates RNA-binding proteins during infection. These two roles complement one another to make an integrated view of vimentin in regulating ZIKV infection. Collectively, our study fills the long-term gap in our knowledge of the cellular function of intermediate filaments in addition to structural support and provides a potential target for ZIKV therapy. Emerging microbe infections, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), pose an increasing threat to human health. Investigations on ZIKV replication have revealed the construction of replication complexes (RCs), but the role of cytoskeleton in this process is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the function of cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein vimentin in the life cycle of ZIKV infection. Using advanced imaging techniques, we uncovered that vimentin filaments undergo drastic reorganization upon viral protein synthesis to form a perinuclear cage-like structure that embraces and concentrates RCs. Genetic removal of vimentin markedly disrupted the integrity of RCs and resulted in fragmented subcellular dispersion of viral proteins. This led to reduced viral genome replication, viral protein production, and release of infectious virions, without interrupting viral binding and entry. Furthermore, mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing screens identified interactions and interplay between vimentin and hundreds of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident RNA-binding proteins. Among them, the cytoplasmic-region of ribosome receptor binding protein 1, an ER transmembrane protein that directly binds viral RNA, interacted with and was regulated by vimentin, resulting in modulation of ZIKV replication. Together, the data in our work reveal a dual role for vimentin as a structural element for RC integrity and as an RNA-binding-regulating hub during ZIKV infection, thus unveiling a layer of interplay between Zika virus and host cell.
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11
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Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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12
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He Y, Yu W, Xiao L, Shen L, Qi J, Hu T. Conjugation of Zika virus EDIII with CRM 197, 8-arm PEG and mannan for development of an effective Zika virus vaccine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:713-721. [PMID: 34474053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) induces neurological and autoimmune complications such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Effective vaccines are necessary to prevent the ZIKV infection. E protein of ZIKV is responsible for virus attachment, entry, and fusion. The domain III of E protein (EDIII) contains the neutralizing epitopes and is ideal to act as an antigen for ZIKV vaccine. However, EDIII is poorly immunogenic. CRM197 is a carrier protein and can activate T helper cells for EDIII. Mannan is a ligand of TLR-4 or TLR-2. Eight-arm PEG can link multiple EDIII molecules in one entity. In the present study, EDIII was covalently conjugated with CRM197, 8-arm PEG and mannan to improve the immunogenicity of EDIII. The conjugate (CRM-EDIII-PM) elicited high EDIII-specific antibody titers in the BALB/c mice. Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-5 and IL-10) were secreted at a marked level. Thus, CRM-EDIII-PM could stimulate potent humoral and cellular immune response to EDIII. The serum exposure of CRM-EDIII-PM to the immune system was prolonged. Moreover, CRM-EDIII-PM did not lead to apparent toxicity to the organs. Therefore, CRM-EDIII-PM was expected as a promising vaccine candidate for its ability to induce strong immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lucheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Wieland J, Frey S, Rupp U, Essbauer S, Groß R, Münch J, Walther P. Zika virus replication in glioblastoma cells: electron microscopic tomography shows 3D arrangement of endoplasmic reticulum, replication organelles, and viral ribonucleoproteins. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:527-538. [PMID: 34514517 PMCID: PMC8435300 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structural changes of two patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines after Zika virus infection were investigated using scanning transmission electron tomography on high-pressure-frozen, freeze-substituted samples. In Zika-virus-infected cells, Golgi structures were barely visible under an electron microscope, and viral factories appeared. The cytosol outside of the viral factories resembled the cytosol of uninfected cells. The viral factories contained largely deranged endoplasmic reticulum (ER), filled with many so-called replication organelles consisting of a luminal vesicle surrounded by the ER membrane. Viral capsids were observed in the vicinity of the replication organelles (cell line #12537 GB) or in ER cisternae at large distance from the replication organelles (cell line #15747 GB). Near the replication organelles, we observed many about 100-nm-long filaments that may represent viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs), which consist of the RNA genome and N protein oligomers. In addition, we compared Zika-virus-infected cells with cells infected with a phlebovirus (sandfly fever Turkey virus). Zika virions are formed in the ER, whereas phlebovirus virions are assembled in the Golgi apparatus. Our findings will help to understand the replication cycle in the virus factories and the building of the replication organelles in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wieland
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Frey
- Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and CBRN Protection, 29633, Munster, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sandra Essbauer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Carrasquilla MC, Ortiz MI, León C, Rondón S, Kulkarni MA, Talbot B, Sander B, Vásquez H, Cordovez JM, González C. Entomological characterization of Aedes mosquitoes and arbovirus detection in Ibagué, a Colombian city with co-circulation of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:446. [PMID: 34488857 PMCID: PMC8419972 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue, Zika and chikungunya are arboviruses of significant public health importance that are transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. In Colombia, where dengue is hyperendemic, and where chikungunya and Zika were introduced in the last decade, more than half of the population lives in areas at risk. The objective of this study was to characterize Aedes spp. vectors and study their natural infection with dengue, Zika and chikungunya in Ibagué, a Colombian city and capital of the department of Tolima, with case reports of simultaneous circulation of these three arboviruses. Methods Mosquito collections were carried out monthly between June 2018 and May 2019 in neighborhoods with different levels of socioeconomic status. We used the non-parametric Friedman, Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests to compare mosquito density distributions. We applied logistic regression analyses to identify associations between mosquito density and absence/presence of breeding sites, and the Spearman correlation coefficient to analyze the possible relationship between climatic variables and mosquito density. Results We collected Ae. aegypti in all sampled neighborhoods and found for the first time Ae. albopictus in the city of Ibagué. A greater abundance of mosquitoes was collected in neighborhoods displaying low compared to high socioeconomic status as well as in the intradomicile compared to the peridomestic space. Female mosquitoes predominated over males, and most of the test females had fed on human blood. In total, four Ae. aegypti pools (3%) were positive for dengue virus (serotype 1) and one pool for chikungunya virus (0.8%). Interestingly, infected females were only collected in neighborhoods of low socioeconomic status, and mostly in the intradomicile space. Conclusions We confirmed the co-circulation of dengue (serotype 1) and chikungunya viruses in the Ae. aegypti population in Ibagué. However, Zika virus was not detected in any mosquito sample, 3 years after its introduction into the country. The positivity for dengue and chikungunya viruses, predominance of mosquitoes in the intradomicile space and the high proportion of females fed on humans highlight the high risk for arbovirus transmission in Ibagué, but may also provide an opportunity for establishing effective control strategies. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04908-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C Carrasquilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Mario I Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Rondón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manisha A Kulkarni
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benoit Talbot
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Beate Sander
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES), Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Juan M Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Jin H, Jiao C, Cao Z, Huang P, Chi H, Bai Y, Liu D, Wang J, Feng N, Li N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Gao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Wang H. An inactivated recombinant rabies virus displaying the Zika virus prM-E induces protective immunity against both pathogens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009484. [PMID: 34086672 PMCID: PMC8208564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV), which caused a pandemic associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome and neuropathology in newborns and adults, prompted the pursuit of a safe and effective vaccine. Here, three kinds of recombinant rabies virus (RABV) encoding the prM-E protein of ZIKV were constructed: ZI-D (prM-E), ZI-E (transmembrane domain (TM) of prM-E replaced with RABV G) and ZI-F (signal peptide and TM domain of prM-E replaced with the region of RABV G). When the TM of prM-E was replaced with the region of RABV G (termed ZI-E), it promoted ZIKV E protein localization on the cell membrane and assembly on recombinant viruses. In addition, the change in the signal peptide with RABV G (termed ZI-F) was not conducive to foreign protein expression. The immunogenicity of recombinant viruses mixed with a complex adjuvant of ISA 201 VG and poly(I:C) was tested in BALB/c mice. After immunization with ZI-E, the anti-ZIKV IgG antibody lasted for at least 10 weeks. The titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against ZIKV and RABV at week 6 were all greater than the protective titers. Moreover, ZI-E stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and promoted the secretion of cytokines. It also promoted the production of central memory T cells (TCMs) among CD4+/CD8+ T cells and stimulated B cell activation and maturation. These results indicate that ZI-E could induce ZIKV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, which have the potential to be developed into a promising vaccine for protection against both ZIKV and RABV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Jin
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Cuicui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zengguo Cao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hang Chi
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (HW)
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
- * E-mail: (XX); (HW)
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Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Immune Escape and Application of Reverse Genetics in Attenuated Live Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050480. [PMID: 34068505 PMCID: PMC8150910 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), an RNA virus widely prevalent in pigs, results in significant economic losses worldwide. PRRSV can escape from the host immune response in several processes. Vaccines, including modified live vaccines and inactivated vaccines, are the best available countermeasures against PRRSV infection. However, challenges still exist as the vaccines are not able to induce broad protection. The reason lies in several facts, mainly the variability of PRRSV and the complexity of the interaction between PRRSV and host immune responses, and overcoming these obstacles will require more exploration. Many novel strategies have been proposed to construct more effective vaccines against this evolving and smart virus. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of how PRRSV induces weak and delayed immune responses, the current vaccines of PRRSV, and the strategies to develop modified live vaccines using reverse genetics systems.
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Choudhury SKM, Ma X, Abdullah SW, Zheng H. Activation and Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by RNA Viruses. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1145-1163. [PMID: 33814921 PMCID: PMC8009543 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. It is important for the development of many RNA virus-infected diseases. The primary factors through which the infection becomes inflammation involve inflammasome. Inflammasomes are proteins complex that the activation is responsive to specific pathogens, host cell damage, and other environmental stimuli. Inflammasomes bring about the maturation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β in order to mediate the innate immune defense mechanisms. Many RNA viruses and their components, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B viroporin, the viral RNA of hepatitis C virus, the influenza virus M2 viroporin, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) small hydrophobic (SH) viroporin, and the human rhinovirus (HRV) 2B viroporin can activate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to influence the inflammatory response. On the other hand, several viruses use virus-encoded proteins to suppress inflammation activation, such as the influenza virus NS1 protein and the measles virus (MV) V protein. In this review, we summarize how RNA virus infection leads to the activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zika Virus Pathogenesis: A Battle for Immune Evasion. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9030294. [PMID: 33810028 PMCID: PMC8005041 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9030294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and its associated congenital and other neurological disorders, particularly microcephaly and other fetal developmental abnormalities, constitute a World Health Organization (WHO) Zika Virus Research Agenda within the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Action to Prevent Epidemics, and continue to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) today. ZIKV pathogenicity is initiated by viral infection and propagation across multiple placental and fetal tissue barriers, and is critically strengthened by subverting host immunity. ZIKV immune evasion involves viral non-structural proteins, genomic and non-coding RNA and microRNA (miRNA) to modulate interferon (IFN) signaling and production, interfering with intracellular signal pathways and autophagy, and promoting cellular environment changes together with secretion of cellular components to escape innate and adaptive immunity and further infect privileged immune organs/tissues such as the placenta and eyes. This review includes a description of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying ZIKV immune modulation and evasion that strongly condition viral pathogenesis, which would certainly contribute to the development of anti-ZIKV strategies, drugs, and vaccines.
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Vinhaes CL, Arriaga MB, de Almeida BL, Oliveira JV, Santos CS, Calcagno JI, Carvalho TX, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Siqueira IC, Andrade BB. Newborns With Zika Virus-Associated Microcephaly Exhibit Marked Systemic Inflammatory Imbalance. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:670-680. [PMID: 32311029 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent flavivirus initially considered a benign and self-limited exanthematic illness. In 2015, a new epidemic emerged in northeastern of Brazil with increased incidence of a previously rare clinical outcome, microcephaly, in newborns from mothers who were infected during pregnancy. Little is known about the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV-associated microcephaly. Understanding the inflammatory profile and degree of inflammation of persons affected with such condition is an important step towards development of innovative therapeutic strategies. METHODS A case-control study compared plasma levels of several inflammatory biomarkers from newborns with ZIKV microcephaly, asymptomatic ZKV infection, or uninfected controls. Plasma biomarkers were assessed using Luminex. A series of multidimensional analysis was performed to characterize the systemic immune activation profile of the clinical groups. RESULTS We identified an inflammatory signature associated with ZIKV microcephaly that suggested an increased inflammation. Network analysis suggested that ZIKV microcephaly is associated with imbalanced immune activation and inflammation. The cephalic perimeter was inversely proportional with the degree of inflammatory perturbation. Furthermore, a combination of plasma inflammatory biomarkers could discriminate ZIKV with microcephaly from those with ZIKV without microcephaly or uninfected neonates. CONCLUSIONS An intense inflammatory imbalance that is proportional to the disease severity hallmarks ZIKV microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caian L Vinhaes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil
| | - María B Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - João V Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cleiton S Santos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Juan I Calcagno
- Maternidade de Referência Prof. José Maria de Magalhães Netto-Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Tereza X Carvalho
- Maternidade de Referência Prof. José Maria de Magalhães Netto-Secretaria de Saúde do Estado da Bahia (SESAB), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos J Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências (UniFTC), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
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20
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Monrad JT, Sandbrink JB, Cherian NG. Promoting versatile vaccine development for emerging pandemics. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:26. [PMID: 33574335 PMCID: PMC7878788 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance of rapid and versatile development of emergency medical countermeasures such as vaccines. We discuss the role of platform vaccines and prototype pathogen research in modern vaccine development, and outline how previous pathogen-specific funding approaches can be improved to adequately promote vaccine R&D for emerging pandemics. We present a more comprehensive approach to financing vaccine R&D, which maximises biomedical pandemic preparedness by promoting flexible vaccine platforms and translatable research into prototype pathogens. As the numerous platform-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines show, funders can accelerate pandemic vaccine development by proactively investing in versatile platform technologies. For certain emerging infectious diseases, where vaccine research can translate to other related pathogens with pandemic potential, investment decisions should reflect the full social value of increasing overall preparedness, rather than just the value of bringing a vaccine to market for individual pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Monrad
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK.
- Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jonas B Sandbrink
- Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil G Cherian
- The Coalition of Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, USA
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21
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Qi J, He Y, Shen L, Yu W, Hu T. Conjugation of Hemoglobin and Mannan Markedly Improves the Immunogenicity of Domain III of the Zika Virus E Protein: Structural and Immunological Study. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:328-338. [PMID: 33522239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) leads to congenital microcephaly and anomalies and severe neurological diseases such as Guillain-Barre syndrome. Safe and effective vaccines are necessitated to deal with these severe health threats. As an ideal antigen, the domain III of the envelope protein (EDIII) of ZIKV can evoke potent neutralizing antibodies without any antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect. However, EDIII necessitates to be formulated with an antigen delivery system or adjuvants to improve its immunogenicity. Hemoglobin (Hb) regulates inflammation, cytokine levels, and activate macrophage. Mannan is a polysaccharide of the fungal cell wall with an immunomodulatory activity. In this study, EDIII was conjugated with Hb and mannan, using the disulfide bond as the linker. Hb and mannan both functioned as the adjuvants. Conjugation of Hb and mannan acted as the delivery system for EDIII. The structure of EDIII was essentially maintained upon conjugation of Hb and mannan. The intracellular release of EDIII from the conjugate (HM-EDIII-2) was achieved by reduction of the glutathione-sensitive disulfide bond. As compared with EDIII, HM-EDIII-2 elicited high EDIII-specific IgG titers and high levels of Th1-type cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and Th2-type cytokines (IL-5 and IL-10), along with no apparent toxicity to the organs. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic study revealed a prolonged serum exposure of HM-EDIII-2 to the immune cells. Thus, HM-EDIII-2 could boost a strong humoral and cellular immune response to EDIII. Our study was expected to provide the feasibility necessary to develop a robust and potentially safe ZIKV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yunxia He
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Weili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Lee SH, Kim EH, O'neal JT, Dale G, Holthausen DJ, Bowen JR, Quicke KM, Skountzou I, Gopal S, George S, Wrammert J, Suthar MS, Jacob J. The amphibian peptide Yodha is virucidal for Zika and dengue viruses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:602. [PMID: 33436917 PMCID: PMC7804942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a serious health threat in the Americas and the Caribbean. ZIKV is transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito, sexual contact, and blood transfusion. ZIKV can also be transmitted to the developing fetus in utero, in some cases resulting in spontaneous abortion, fetal brain abnormalities, and microcephaly. In adults, ZIKV infection has been correlated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Despite the public health threat posed by ZIKV, neither a vaccine nor antiviral drugs for use in humans are currently available. We have identified an amphibian host defense peptide, Yodha, which has potent virucidal activity against ZIKV. It acts directly on the virus and destroys Zika virus particles within 5 min of exposure. The Yodha peptide was effective against the Asian, African, and South American Zika virus strains and has the potential to be developed as an antiviral therapeutic in the fight against Zika virus. The peptide was also effective against all four dengue virus serotypes. Thus, Yodha peptide could potentially be developed as a pan-therapeutic for Zika and dengue viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Eui Ho Kim
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin T O'neal
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gordon Dale
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - David J Holthausen
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - James R Bowen
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kendra M Quicke
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shyla Gopal
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sanil George
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joshy Jacob
- Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
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23
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Anton A, Mazeaud C, Freppel W, Gilbert C, Tremblay N, Sow AA, Roy M, Rodrigue-Gervais IG, Chatel-Chaix L. Valosin-containing protein ATPase activity regulates the morphogenesis of Zika virus replication organelles and virus-induced cell death. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13302. [PMID: 33432690 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With no available therapies, infections with Zika virus (ZIKV) constitute a major public health concern as they can lead to congenital microcephaly. In order to generate an intracellular environment favourable to viral replication, ZIKV induces endomembrane remodelling and the morphogenesis of replication factories via enigmatic mechanisms. In this study, we identified the AAA+ type ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a cellular interaction partner of ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B). Importantly, its pharmacological inhibition as well as the expression of a VCP dominant-negative mutant impaired ZIKV replication. In infected cells, VCP is relocalised to large ultrastructures containing both NS4B and NS3, which are reminiscent of dengue virus convoluted membranes. Moreover, short treatment with the VCP inhibitors NMS-873 or CB-5083 drastically decreased the abundance and size of ZIKV-induced convoluted membranes. Furthermore, NMS-873 treatment inhibited ZIKV-induced mitochondria elongation previously reported to be physically and functionally linked to convoluted membranes in case of the closely related dengue virus. Finally, VCP inhibition resulted in enhanced apoptosis of ZIKV-infected cells strongly suggesting that convoluted membranes limit virus-induced cytopathic effects. Altogether, this study identifies VCP as a host factor required for ZIKV life cycle and more precisely, for the maintenance of viral replication factories. Our data further support a model in which convoluted membranes regulate ZIKV life cycle by impacting on mitochondrial functions and ZIKV-induced death signals in order to create a cytoplasmic environment favourable to viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Anton
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Clément Mazeaud
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Wesley Freppel
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Gilbert
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tremblay
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Aïssatou Aïcha Sow
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Roy
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ian Gaël Rodrigue-Gervais
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Chatel-Chaix
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Center of Excellence in Research on Orphan Diseases-Courtois Foundation (CERMO-FC), Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Réseau Intersectoriel de Recherche en Santé de l'Université du Québec (RISUQ), Québec, Canada
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24
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Sun J, Zhang W, Tan Z, Zheng C, Tang Y, Ke X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li P, Hu Q, Wang H, Mao P, Zheng Z. Zika virus promotes CCN1 expression via the CaMKIIα-CREB pathway in astrocytes. Virulence 2021; 11:113-131. [PMID: 31957543 PMCID: PMC6984649 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1715189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the human central nervous system (CNS) causes Guillain–Barre syndrome, cerebellum deformity, and other diseases. Astrocytes are immune response cells in the CNS and an important component of the blood–brain barrier. Consequently, any damage to astrocytes facilitates the spread of ZIKV in the CNS. Connective tissue growth factor/Nephroblastoma overexpressed gene family 1 (CCN1), an important inflammatory factor secreted by astrocytes, is reported to regulate innate immunity and viral infection. However, the mechanism by which astrocyte viral infection affects CCN1 expression remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection up-regulates CCN1 expression in astrocytes, thus promoting intracellular viral replication. Other studies revealed that the cAMP response element (CRE) in the CCN1 promoter is activated by the ZIKV NS3 protein. The cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB), a transacting factor of the CRE, is also activated by NS3 or ZIKV. Furthermore,a specific inhibitor of CREB, i.e. SGC-CBP30, reduced ZIKV-induced CCN1 up-regulation and ZIKV replication. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation, overexpression, and knockdown studies confirmed that the interaction between NS3 and the regulatory domain of CaMKIIα could activate the CREB pathway, thus resulting in the up-regulation of CCN1 expression and enhancement of virus replication. In conclusion, the findings of our investigations on the NS3-CaMKIIα-CREB-CCN1 pathway provide a foundation for understanding the infection mechanism of ZIKV in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of life sciences and health, Wuhan university of science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanpo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongyuan Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Caishang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xianliang Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinxue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Panyong Mao
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases,Military Hospital of China, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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25
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Fontes-Garfias CR, Baker CK, Shi PY. Reverse genetic approaches for the development of Zika vaccines and therapeutics. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 44:7-15. [PMID: 32563700 PMCID: PMC9373025 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2015-2016, the little known Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an epidemic, in which it became recognized as a unique human pathogen associated with a range of devastating congenital abnormalities collectively categorized as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). In adults, the virus can trigger the autoimmune disorder Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), characterized by ascending paralysis. In February 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared ZIKV to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The global public health problem prompted academia, industry, and governments worldwide to initiate development of an effective vaccine to prevent another ZIKV epidemic that would put millions at risk. The development of reverse genetic systems for the study and manipulation of RNA viral genomes has revolutionized the field of virology, providing platforms for vaccine and antiviral development. In this review, we discuss the impact of reverse genetic systems on the rapid progress of ZIKV vaccines and antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Fontes-Garfias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Coleman K. Baker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA,Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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26
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Chowdhury A, Modahl CM, Tan ST, Wong Wei Xiang B, Missé D, Vial T, Kini RM, Pompon JF. JNK pathway restricts DENV2, ZIKV and CHIKV infection by activating complement and apoptosis in mosquito salivary glands. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008754. [PMID: 32776975 PMCID: PMC7444518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbovirus infection of Aedes aegypti salivary glands (SGs) determines transmission. However, there is a dearth of knowledge on SG immunity. Here, we characterized SG immune response to dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses using high-throughput transcriptomics. We also describe a transcriptomic response associated to apoptosis, blood-feeding and lipid metabolism. The three viruses differentially regulate components of Toll, Immune deficiency (IMD) and c-Jun N- terminal Kinase (JNK) pathways. However, silencing of the Toll and IMD pathway components showed variable effects on SG infection by each virus. In contrast, regulation of the JNK pathway produced consistent responses in both SGs and midgut. Infection by the three viruses increased with depletion of the activator Kayak and decreased with depletion of the negative regulator Puckered. Virus-induced JNK pathway regulates the complement factor, Thioester containing protein-20 (TEP20), and the apoptosis activator, Dronc, in SGs. Individual and co-silencing of these genes demonstrate their antiviral effects and that both may function together. Co-silencing either TEP20 or Dronc with Puckered annihilates JNK pathway antiviral effect. Upon infection in SGs, TEP20 induces antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), while Dronc is required for apoptosis independently of TEP20. In conclusion, we revealed the broad antiviral function of JNK pathway in SGs and showed that it is mediated by a TEP20 complement and Dronc-induced apoptosis response. These results expand our understanding of the immune arsenal that blocks arbovirus transmission. Arboviral diseases caused by dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses are responsible for large number of death and debilitation around the world. These viruses are transmitted to humans by the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti. During the bites, infected salivary glands (SGs) release saliva containing viruses, which initiate human infection. As the tissue where transmitted viruses are produced, SG infection is a key determinant of transmission. To bridge the knowledge gap in vector-virus molecular interactions in SGs, we describe the transcriptome after DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infection using RNA-sequencing and characterized the immune response in this tissue. Our study reveals the broad antiviral function of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway against DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in SGs. We further show that it is mediated by the complement system and apoptosis, identifying the mechanism. Our study adds the JNK pathway to the immune arsenal that can be harnessed to engineer refractory vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisha Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cassandra M. Modahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok Thing Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thomas Vial
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (RMK); (JFP)
| | - Julien Francis Pompon
- Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (RMK); (JFP)
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27
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Wang L, Wang R, Wang L, Ben H, Yu L, Gao F, Shi X, Yin C, Zhang F, Xiang Y, Zhang L. Structural Basis for Neutralization and Protection by a Zika Virus-Specific Human Antibody. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3360-3368.e5. [PMID: 30893607 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported a human monoclonal antibody, ZK2B10, capable of protection against Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and microcephaly in developing mouse embryos. Here, we report the structural features and mechanism of action of ZK2B10. The crystal structure at a resolution of 2.32 Å revealed that the epitope is located on the lateral ridge of DIII of the envelope glycoprotein. Cryo-EM structure with mature ZIKV showed that the antibody binds to DIIIs around the icosahedral 2-fold, 3-fold, and 5-fold axes, a distinct feature compared to those reported for DIII-specific antibodies. The binding of ZK2B10 to ZIKV has no detectable effect on viral attachment to target cells or on conformational changes of the E glycoprotein in the acidic environment, suggesting that ZK2B10 functions at steps between the formation of the fusion intermediate and membrane fusion. These results provide structural and mechanistic insights into how ZK2B10 mediates protection against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haijing Ben
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chibiao Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ye Xiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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28
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Chen MY, Chai KM, Chiang CY, Wu CC, Yu GY, Liu SJ, Chen HW. Recombinant lipidated Zika virus envelope protein domain III elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses against Zika virus in mice. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:51. [PMID: 32290844 PMCID: PMC7158147 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of Zika virus (ZV) in tropical and subtropical areas of the world has created an urgent need for vaccines against ZV. However, approved vaccines that prevent ZV infection are not available. To develop an effective vaccine against ZV infection, a lipidated form of ZV envelope protein domain III that possesses an intrinsic adjuvant property was rationally designed. Our goal was to examine the immunogenicity of recombinant lipidated ZV envelope protein domain III (rLZE3) and evaluate its potential as a vaccine candidate against ZV. Methods Recombinant ZV envelope protein domain III (rZE3) and rLZE3 were prepared with an Escherichia coli-based system. Dendritic cell surface marker expression and cytokine production upon stimulation were analyzed to evaluate the function of rLZE3. Neutralizing antibody capacities were evaluated using focus reduction neutralization tests after immunization. To investigate the protective immunity in immunized mice, serum samples collected from immunized mice were adoptively transferred into AG129 mice, and then viremia levels and survival times were examined after ZV challenge. Results rLZE3 alone but not rZE3 alone efficiently activated dendritic cells in vitro and was taken up by dendritic cells in vivo. Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with rLZE3 alone (without exogenous adjuvant) could induce ZV-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Furthermore, serum samples obtained from rLZE3-immunized mice provided protection as indicated by a reduction in viremia levels and prolongation of survival times after ZV challenge. Conclusion These results indicate that rLZE3 is an excellent vaccine candidate and has great potential that should be evaluated in further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Kit Man Chai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Chiang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Kam YW, Leite JA, Amrun SN, Lum FM, Yee WX, Bakar FA, Eng KE, Lye DC, Leo YS, Chong CY, Freitas ARR, Milanez GP, Proença-Modena JL, Rénia L, Costa FTM, Ng LFP. ZIKV-Specific NS1 Epitopes as Serological Markers of Acute Zika Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:203-212. [PMID: 30901054 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have reemerged as a global health issue due to serious clinical complications. Development of specific serological assays to detect and differentiate ZIKV from other cocirculating flaviviruses for accurate diagnosis remains a challenge. METHODS We investigated antibody responses in 51 acute ZIKV-infected adult patients from Campinas, Brazil, including 7 pregnant women who later delivered during the study. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, levels of antibody response were measured and specific epitopes identified. RESULTS Several antibody-binding hot spots were identified in ZIKV immunogenic antigens, including membrane, envelope (E) and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). Interestingly, specific epitopes (2 from E and 2 from NS1) strongly recognized by ZIKV-infected patients' antibodies were identified and were not cross-recognized by dengue virus (DENV)-infected patients' antibodies. Corresponding DENV peptides were not strongly recognized by ZIKV-infected patients' antibodies. Notably, ZIKV-infected pregnant women had specific epitope recognition for ZIKV NS1 (amino acid residues 17-34), which could be a potential serological marker for early ZIKV detection. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 6 linear ZIKV-specific epitopes for early detection of ZIKV infections. We observed differential epitope recognition between ZIKV-infected and DENV-infected patients. This information will be useful for developing diagnostic methods that differentiate between closely related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu-Wing Kam
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Juliana Almeida Leite
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Wearn-Xin Yee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Farhana Abu Bakar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Kai Er Eng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
| | - Chia-Yin Chong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine.,KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Andre Ricardo Ribas Freitas
- Campinas Department of Public Health Surveillance. Campinas.,Sao Leopoldo Mandic Medical School. Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Paier Milanez
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Luiz Proença-Modena
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Fabio T M Costa
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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30
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Simão EP, Silva DB, Cordeiro MT, Gil LH, Andrade CA, Oliveira MD. Nanostructured impedimetric lectin-based biosensor for arboviruses detection. Talanta 2020; 208:120338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Goodman A. The Global Impact of the Zika Virus Pandemic: The Importance of Emergency Preparedness. Health (London) 2020. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2020.122012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Gim E, Shim DW, Hwang I, Shin OS, Yu JW. Zika Virus Impairs Host NLRP3-mediated Inflammasome Activation in an NS3-dependent Manner. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e40. [PMID: 31921470 PMCID: PMC6943171 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with severe neurological disorders including Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The host innate immune responses against ZIKV infection are essential for protection; however, ZIKV has evolved strategies to evade and antagonize antiviral responses via its nonstructural (NS) proteins. Here, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection unexpectedly inhibits NLRP3-dependent inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages and mixed glial cells from mouse brain. ZIKV infection led to increased transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6 via activating NF-κB signaling. However, ZIKV infection failed to trigger the secretion of active caspase-1 and IL-1β from macrophages and glial cells even in the presence of LPS priming or ATP costimulation. Intriguingly, ZIKV infection significantly attenuated NLRP3-dependent, but not absent in melanoma 2-dependent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion from both cells. ZIKV infection further blocked apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain oligomerization in LPS/ATP-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, expression of ZIKV NS3 protein reduced NLRP3-mediated caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion in macrophages, whereas NS1 and NS5 proteins showed no effects. Furthermore, NLRP3 was found to be degraded by the overexpression of ZIKV NS3 in 293T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that ZIKV evades host NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune responses in macrophages and glial cells; this may facilitate ZIKV's ability to enhance the replication and dissemination in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Gim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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33
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Abstract
Flaviviruses are controlled by adaptive immune responses but are exquisitely sensitive to interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). How coinfections, particularly simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), that induce robust ISG signatures influence flavivirus clearance and pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we studied how Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is modulated in SIV-infected nonhuman primates. We measured ZIKV replication, cellular ZIKV RNA levels, and immune responses in non-SIV-infected and SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs), which we infected with ZIKV. Coinfected animals had a 1- to 2-day delay in peak ZIKV viremia, which was 30% of that in non-SIV-infected animals. However, ZIKV viremia was significantly prolonged in SIV-positive (SIV+) RMs. ISG levels at the time of ZIKV infection were predictive for lower ZIKV viremia in the SIV+ RMs, while prolonged ZIKV viremia was associated with muted and delayed adaptive responses in SIV+ RMs.IMPORTANCE Immunocompromised individuals often become symptomatic with infections which are normally fairly asymptomatic in healthy individuals. The particular mechanisms that underlie susceptibility to coinfections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are multifaceted. ZIKV and other flaviviruses are sensitive to neutralizing antibodies, whose production can be limited in HIV-infected individuals but are also sensitive to type I interferons, which are expressed at high levels in HIV-infected individuals. Data in this study highlight how individual components of the innate and adaptive immune responses which become perturbed in HIV-infected individuals influence ZIKV infection.
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34
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Gao F, Lin X, He L, Wang R, Wang H, Shi X, Zhang F, Yin C, Zhang L, Zhu J, Yu L. Development of a Potent and Protective Germline-Like Antibody Lineage Against Zika Virus in a Convalescent Human. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2424. [PMID: 31708914 PMCID: PMC6821881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) specific neutralizing antibodies hold great promise for antibody-based interventions and vaccine design against ZIKV infection. However, their development in infected patients remains unclear. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing (NGS) to probe the dynamic development of a potent and protective ZIKV E DIII-specific antibody ZK2B10 isolated from a ZIKV convalescent individual. The unbiased repertoire analysis showed dramatic changes in the usage of antibody variable region germline genes. However, lineage tracing of ZK2B10 revealed limited somatic hypermutation and transient expansion during the 12 months following the onset of symptoms. The NGS-derived, germline-like ZK2B10 somatic variants neutralized ZIKV potently and protected mice from lethal challenge of ZIKV without detectable cross-reactivity with Dengue virus (DENV). Site-directed mutagenesis identified two residues within the λ chain, N31 and S91, that are essential to the functional maturation of ZK2B10. The repertoire and lineage features unveiled here will help elucidate the developmental process and protective potential of E DIII-directed antibodies against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Lin
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linling He
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ruoke Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanling Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chibiao Yin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linqi Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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35
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Zhou S, Yang C, Zhao F, Huang Y, Lin Y, Huang C, Ma X, Du J, Wang Y, Long G, He J, Liu C, Zhang P. Double-stranded RNA deaminase ADAR1 promotes the Zika virus replication by inhibiting the activation of protein kinase PKR. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18168-18180. [PMID: 31636123 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has emerged as a threat to global health. The family of adenosine deaminases acting on dsRNA (ADARs) are human host factors important for the genetic diversity and evolution of ZIKV. Here, we further investigated the role of ADAR1 in ZIKV replication by utilizing CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing and RNAi-based gene knockdown techniques. Both ADAR1 knockout and knockdown significantly reduced ZIKV RNA synthesis, protein levels, and viral titers in several human cell lines. Trans-complementation with the full-length ADAR1 form p150 or the shorter form p110 lacking the Zα domain restored viral replication levels suppressed by the ADAR1 knockout. Moreover, we observed that the nuclear p110 form was redistributed to the cytoplasm in response to ZIKV infection. ADAR1 was not involved in viral entry but promoted viral protein translation by impairing ZIKV-induced activation of protein kinase regulated by dsRNA (PKR). Of note, the RNA-editing activity of ADAR1 was not required to promote ZIKV replication. We also found that the proviral role of ADAR1 was partially mediated through its ability to suppress IFN production and PKR activation. Our work identifies ADAR1 as a proviral factor involved in ZIKV replication, suggesting that ADAR1 could be a potential antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fanfan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanxia Huang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuxia Lin
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changbai Huang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaocao Ma
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jingjie Du
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gang Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Junfang He
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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36
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A Single Injection of Human Neutralizing Antibody Protects against Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly in Developing Mouse Embryos. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1424-1434. [PMID: 29719255 PMCID: PMC7104101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that is generally benign in humans. However, an emergent strain of ZIKV has become widespread, causing severe pre- and post-natal neurological defects. There is now an urgent need for prophylactic and therapeutic agents. To address this, we investigated six human monoclonal antibodies with ZIKV epitope specificity and neutralizing activity in mouse models of ZIKV infection and microcephaly. A single intraperitoneal injection of these antibodies conveyed distinct levels of adult and in utero protection from ZIKV infection, which closely mirrored their respective in vitro neutralizing activities. One antibody, ZK2B10, showed the most potent neutralization activity, completely protected uninfected mice, and markedly reduced tissue pathology in infected mice. Thus, ZK2B10 is a promising candidate for the development of antibody-based interventions and informs the rational design of ZIKV vaccine. Human antibodies against ZIKV are tested in mouse models In vitro neutralizing activity correlates with in vivo protection The most potent antibody, ZK2B10, provides protection against infection ZK2B10 markedly delays mortality
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37
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Maness NJ, Schouest B, Singapuri A, Dennis M, Gilbert MH, Bohm RP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Baker K, Van Rompay KKA, Lackner AA, Bonaldo MC, Blair RV, Permar SR, Coffey LL, Panganiban AT, Magnani D. Postnatal Zika virus infection of nonhuman primate infants born to mothers infected with homologous Brazilian Zika virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12802. [PMID: 31488856 PMCID: PMC6728326 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent data in a nonhuman primate model showed that infants postnatally infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) were acutely susceptible to high viremia and neurological damage, suggesting the window of vulnerability extends beyond gestation. In this pilot study, we addressed the susceptibility of two infant rhesus macaques born healthy to dams infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. Passively acquired neutralizing antibody titers dropped below detection limits between 2 and 3 months of age, while binding antibodies remained detectable until viral infection at 5 months. Acute serum viremia was comparatively lower than adults infected with the same Brazilian isolate of ZIKV (n = 11 pregnant females, 4 males, and 4 non-pregnant females). Virus was never detected in cerebrospinal fluid nor in neural tissues at necropsy two weeks after infection. However, viral RNA was detected in lymph nodes, confirming some tissue dissemination. Though protection was not absolute and our study lacks an important comparison with postnatally infected infants born to naïve dams, our data suggest infants born healthy to infected mothers may harbor a modest but important level of protection from postnatally acquired ZIKV for several months after birth, an encouraging result given the potentially severe infection outcomes of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Maness
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Blake Schouest
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Training Program, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anil Singapuri
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dennis
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret H Gilbert
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rudolf P Bohm
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kate Baker
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Koen K A Van Rompay
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrew A Lackner
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Myrna C Bonaldo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sallie R Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lark L Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Antonito T Panganiban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - Diogo Magnani
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
We present a model to optimise a vaccination campaign aiming to prevent or to curb a Zika virus outbreak. We show that the optimum vaccination strategy to reduce the number of cases by a mass vaccination campaign should start when the Aedes mosquitoes' density reaches the threshold of 1.5 mosquitoes per humans, the moment the reproduction number crosses one. The maximum time it is advisable to wait for the introduction of a vaccination campaign is when the first ZIKV case is identified, although this would not be as effective to minimise the number of infections as when the mosquitoes' density crosses the critical threshold. This suboptimum strategy, however, would still curb the outbreak. In both cases, the catch up strategy should aim to vaccinate at least 25% of the target population during a concentrated effort of 1 month immediately after identifying the threshold. This is the time taken to accumulate the herd immunity threshold of 56.5%. These calculations were done based on theoretical assumptions that vaccine implementation would be feasible within a very short time frame.
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39
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Collins MH. Serologic Tools and Strategies to Support Intervention Trials to Combat Zika Virus Infection and Disease. Trop Med Infect Dis 2019; 4:E68. [PMID: 31010134 PMCID: PMC6632022 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed4020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that recently caused a large epidemic in Latin America characterized by novel disease phenotypes, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, sexual transmission, and congenital anomalies, such as microcephaly. This epidemic, which was declared an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization, has highlighted shortcomings in our current understanding of, and preparation for, emerging infectious diseases in general, as well as challenges that are specific to Zika virus infection. Vaccine development for Zika virus has been a high priority of the public health response, and several candidates have shown promise in pre-clinical and early phase clinical trials. The optimal selection and implementation of imperfect serologic assays are among the crucial issues that must be addressed in order to advance Zika vaccine development. Here, I review key considerations for how best to incorporate into Zika vaccine trials the existing serologic tools, as well as those on the horizon. Beyond that, this discussion is relevant to other intervention strategies to combat Zika and likely other emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Collins
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.
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40
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de La Vega MA, Piret J, Griffin BD, Rhéaume C, Venable MC, Carbonneau J, Couture C, das Neves Almeida R, Tremblay RR, Magalhães KG, Park YK, Roberts CC, Maslow JN, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Muthumani K, Weiner DB, Kobinger GP, Boivin G. Zika-Induced Male Infertility in Mice Is Potentially Reversible and Preventable by Deoxyribonucleic Acid Immunization. J Infect Dis 2019; 219:365-374. [PMID: 30053014 PMCID: PMC6325345 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has been associated with prolonged viral excretion in human semen and causes testicular atrophy and infertility in 10-week-old immunodeficient mice. Methods Male IFNAR-/- mice, knockout for type I interferon receptor, were immunized with GLS-5700, a deoxyribonucleic acid-based vaccine, before a subcutaneous ZIKV challenge with 6 × 105 plaque-forming units at 13 weeks of age. On day 28 postinfection, testes and epididymides were collected in some mice for histological and functional analyses, whereas others were mated with naive female wild-type C57BL/6J. Results Although all mice challenged with ZIKV developed viremia, most of them were asymptomatic, showed no weight loss, and survived infection. On day 28 postinfection, none of the unvaccinated, infected mice (9 of 9) exhibited abnormal spermatozoa counts or motility. However, 33% (3 of 9) and 36% (4 of 11) of mated males from this group were infertile, from 2 independent studies. Contrarily, males from the noninfected and the vaccinated, infected groups were all fertile. On days 75 and 207 postinfection, partial recovery of fertility was observed in 66% (2 of 3) of the previously infertile males. Conclusions This study reports the effects of ZIKV infection on male fertility in a sublethal, immunodeficient mouse model and the efficacy of GLS-5700 vaccination in preventing male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine de La Vega
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Jocelyne Piret
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Bryan D Griffin
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Chantal Rhéaume
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
| | | | - Julie Carbonneau
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Département d’Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Canada
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Roland R Tremblay
- Unité de Recherche en Reproduction, Santé de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
| | - Kelly G Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joel N Maslow
- GeneOne Life Science Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Morristown Medical Center, New Jersey
| | | | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Gary P Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Guy Boivin
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d’Immunologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Canada
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Gharbaran R, Somenarain L. Putative Cellular and Molecular Roles of Zika Virus in Fetal and Pediatric Neuropathologies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2019; 22:5-21. [PMID: 30149771 DOI: 10.1177/1093526618790742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the World Health Organization declared an end to the recent Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and its association with adverse fetal and pediatric outcome, on November 18, 2016, the virus still remains a severe public health threat. Laboratory experiments thus far supported the suspicions that ZIKV is a teratogenic agent. Evidence indicated that ZIKV infection cripples the host cells' innate immune responses, allowing productive replication and potential dissemination of the virus. In addition, studies suggest potential transplacental passage of the virus and subsequent selective targeting of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Depletion of NPCs by ZIKV is associated with restricted brain growth. And while microcephaly can result from infection at any gestational stages, the risk is greater during the first trimester. Although a number of recent studies revealed some of specific molecular and cellular roles of ZIKV proteins of this mosquito-borne flavivirus, the mechanisms by which it produces it suspected pathophysiological effects are not completely understood. Thus, this review highlights the cellular and molecular evidence that implicate ZIKV in fetal and pediatric neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Gharbaran
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
| | - Latchman Somenarain
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Bronx Community College, The City University of New York, Bronx, New York
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42
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Sant AJ. Overview of T-Cell Recognition. Clin Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6896-6.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fortner KB, Nieuwoudt C, Reeder CF, Swamy GK. Infections in Pregnancy and the Role of Vaccines. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2018; 45:369-388. [PMID: 29747736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant women are at risk for infection and may have significant morbidity or mortality. Influenza, pertussis, zika, and cytomegalovirus produce mild or asymptomatic illness in the mother, but have profound implications for her fetus. Maternal immunization can prevent or mitigate infections in pregnant women and their infants. The Advisory Committee of Immunization Practices recommends 2 vaccines during pregnancy: inactivated influenza, and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis during pregnancy. The benefits of MMR, varicella, and other vaccines are reviewed. Novel vaccine studies for use during pregnancy for prevention of illness are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Fortner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box 96, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA.
| | - Claudia Nieuwoudt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box U27, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Callie F Reeder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Box U27, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
| | - Geeta K Swamy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Obstetrics Clinical Research, Duke University Medical System, Durham, NC, USA
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44
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Tang B, Huo X, Xiao Y, Ruan S, Wu J. A conceptual model for optimizing vaccine coverage to reduce vector-borne infections in the presence of antibody-dependent enhancement. Theor Biol Med Model 2018; 15:13. [PMID: 30173664 PMCID: PMC6120075 DOI: 10.1186/s12976-018-0085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many vector-borne diseases co-circulate, as the viruses from the same family are also transmitted by the same vector species. For example, Zika and dengue viruses belong to the same Flavivirus family and are primarily transmitted by a common mosquito species Aedes aegypti. Zika outbreaks have also commonly occurred in dengue-endemic areas, and co-circulation and co-infection of both viruses have been reported. As recent immunological cross-reactivity studies have confirmed that convalescent plasma following dengue infection can enhance Zika infection, and as global efforts of developing dengue and Zika vaccines are intensified, it is important to examine whether and how vaccination against one disease in a large population may affect infection dynamics of another disease due to antibody-dependent enhancement. Methods Through a conceptual co-infection dynamics model parametrized by reported dengue and Zika epidemic and immunological cross-reactivity characteristics, we evaluate impact of a hypothetical dengue vaccination program on Zika infection dynamics in a single season when only one particular dengue serotype is involved. Results We show that an appropriately designed and optimized dengue vaccination program can not only help control the dengue spread but also, counter-intuitively, reduce Zika infections. We identify optimal dengue vaccination coverages for controlling dengue and simultaneously reducing Zika infections, as well as the critical coverages exceeding which dengue vaccination will increase Zika infections. Conclusion This study based on a conceptual model shows the promise of an integrative vector-borne disease control strategy involving optimal vaccination programs, in regions where different viruses or different serotypes of the same virus co-circulate, and convalescent plasma following infection from one virus (serotype) can enhance infection against another virus (serotype). The conceptual model provides a first step towards well-designed regional and global vector-borne disease immunization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Tang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Xi Huo
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33146, USA
| | - Yanni Xiao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shigui Ruan
- Department of Mathematics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, 33146, USA
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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Zhu X, Li C, Afridi SK, Zu S, Xu JW, Quanquin N, Yang H, Cheng G, Xu Z. E90 subunit vaccine protects mice from Zika virus infection and microcephaly. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:77. [PMID: 30097059 PMCID: PMC6086021 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a global threat due to its unprecedented outbreak and its association with congenital malformations such as microcephaly in developing fetuses and neonates. There are currently no effective vaccines or drugs available for the prevention or treatment of ZIKV infection. Although multiple vaccine platforms have been established, their effectiveness in preventing congenital microcephaly has not been addressed. Herein, we tested a subunit vaccine containing the 450 amino acids at the N-terminus of the ZIKV envelope protein (E90) in mouse models for either in utero or neonatal ZIKV infection. In one model, embryos of vaccinated dams were challenged with a contemporary ZIKV strain at embryonic day 13.5. The other model infects neonatal mice from vaccinated dams by direct injection of ZIKV into the developing brains. The vaccine led to a substantial reduction of ZIKV-infected cells measured in the brains of fetal or suckling mice, and successfully prevented the onset of microcephaly compared to unvaccinated controls. Furthermore, E90 could protect mice from ZIKV infection even at 140 days post-immunization. This work directly demonstrates that immunization of pregnant mice protects the developing brains of offspring both in utero and in the neonatal period from subsequent ZIKV infection and microcephaly. It also supports the further development of the E90 subunit vaccine towards clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shulong Zu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jesse W Xu
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Natalie Quanquin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Heng Yang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Parkinson's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Wewer CR, Khandelia H. Different footprints of the Zika and dengue surface proteins on viral membranes. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5615-5621. [PMID: 29932192 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00223a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus Zika virus (ZV) became an international emergency within two years of its outbreak in the Americas. Dengue virus (DENV), which is also a flavivirus, causes significant clinical harm in equatorial regions. A common feature amongst flaviviruses like ZV and DENV is an icosahedral shell of exactly 180 copies of the envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins anchored in a lipid membrane, which engulfs the viral RNA and capsid proteins. Host recognition by both ZV and DENV is linked to the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids in the viral lipidome. Glycosylation of Asn residues on the Zika E protein may be linked to ZV induced neuropathies. We carry out coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations of the E3M3 hexamer embedded in the ZV and DENV lipidomes, and we show that the proteins have a significantly different lipid footprint in the viral lipidome. PE lipids in DENV and PS lipids in ZV enrich near the protein hexamer. We attribute the difference to a higher number of cationic amino acids in the ZV M protein. We also show that the three glycosylation sites on ZV, but not on DENV, are conformationally variant. Our data shed new light on the lipid interactions, and thus the host recognition mechanisms of the two viruses, which may be molecular determinants of the neuropathies caused by the ZV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R Wewer
- MEMPHYS: Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Badolato‐Corrêa J, Sánchez‐Arcila JC, Alves de Souza TM, Santos Barbosa L, Conrado Guerra Nunes P, da Rocha Queiroz Lima M, Gandini M, Bispo de Filippis AM, Venâncio da Cunha R, Leal de Azeredo E, de‐Oliveira‐Pinto LM. Human T cell responses to Dengue and Zika virus infection compared to Dengue/Zika coinfection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2018; 6:194-206. [PMID: 29282904 PMCID: PMC5946158 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) co-circulated during latest outbreaks in Brazil, hence, it is important to evaluate the host cross-reactive immune responses to these viruses. So far, little is known about human T cell responses to ZIKV and no reports detail adaptive immune responses during DENV/ZIKV coinfection. METHODS Here, we studied T cells responses in well-characterized groups of DENV, ZIKV, or DENV/ZIKV infected patients and DENV-exposed healthy donors. We evaluated chemokine receptors expression and single/multifunctional frequencies of IFNγ, TNF, and IL2-producing T cells during these infections. Even without antigenic stimulation, it was possible to detect chemokine receptors and IFNγ, TNF, and IL2-producing T cells from all individuals by flow cytometry. Additionally, PBMCs' IFNγ response to DENV NS1 protein and to polyclonal stimuli was evaluated by ELISPOT. RESULTS DENV and ZIKV infections and DENV/ZIKV coinfections similarly induced expression of CCR5, CX3CR1, and CXCR3 on CD4 and CD8 T cells. DENV/ZIKV coinfection decreased the ability of CD4+ T cells to produce IFNγ+ , TNF+ , TNF + IFNγ+ , and TNF + IL2+ , compared to DENV and ZIKV infections. A higher magnitude of IFNγ response to DENV NS1 was found in donors with a history of dengue infection, however, a hyporesponsiveness was found in acute DENV, ZIKV, or DENV/ZIKV infected patients, even previously infected with DENV. CONCLUSION Therefore, we emphasize the potential impact of coinfection on the immune response from human hosts, mainly in areas where DENV and ZIKV cocirculate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Badolato‐Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral ImmunologyFundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Santos Barbosa
- Laboratory of Viral ImmunologyFundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG)Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Gandini
- Laboratory of Cellular MicrobiologyFundação Oswaldo CruzInstituto Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | - Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha
- Department of Clinical MedicineUniversidade Federal do Mato Grosso do SulBrazil
- Fundação Oswaldo CruzCampo GrandeMato Grosso do SulBrazil
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Dai S, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Wang H, Deng F. Zika Virus Baculovirus-Expressed Virus-Like Particles Induce Neutralizing Antibodies in Mice. Virol Sin 2018; 33:213-226. [PMID: 29774519 PMCID: PMC6013542 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerged mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) strains pose a global challenge owing to its ability to cause microcephaly and neurological disorders. Several ZIKV vaccine candidates have been proposed, including inactivated and live attenuated virus vaccines, vector-based vaccines, DNA and RNA vaccines. These have been shown to be efficacious in preclinical studies in mice and nonhuman primates, but their use will potentially be a threat to immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty particles composed merely of viral proteins, which can serve as a safe and valuable tool for clinical prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we used a new strategy to produce ZIKV VLPs based on the baculovirus expression system and demonstrated the feasibility of their use as a vaccine candidate. The pre-membrane (prM) and envelope (E) proteins were co-expressed in insect cells and self-assembled into particles similar to ZIKV. We found that the ZIKV VLPs could be quickly and easily prepared in large quantities using this system. The VLPs were shown to have good immunogenicity in immunized mice, as they stimulated high levels of virus neutralizing antibody titers, ZIKV-specific IgG titers and potent memory T cell responses. Thus, the baculovirus-based ZIKV VLP vaccine is a safe, effective and economical vaccine candidate for use against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Rees EE, Petukhova T, Mascarenhas M, Pelcat Y, Ogden NH. Environmental and social determinants of population vulnerability to Zika virus emergence at the local scale. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:290. [PMID: 29739467 PMCID: PMC5941591 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zika virus (ZIKV) spread rapidly in the Americas in 2015. Targeting effective public health interventions for inhabitants of, and travellers to and from, affected countries depends on understanding the risk of ZIKV emergence (and re-emergence) at the local scale. We explore the extent to which environmental, social and neighbourhood disease intensity variables influenced emergence dynamics. Our objective was to characterise population vulnerability given the potential for sustained autochthonous ZIKV transmission and the timing of emergence. Logistic regression models estimated the probability of reporting at least one case of ZIKV in a given municipality over the course of the study period as an indicator for sustained transmission; while accelerated failure time (AFT) survival models estimated the time to a first reported case of ZIKV in week t for a given municipality as an indicator for timing of emergence. Results Sustained autochthonous ZIKV transmission was best described at the temporal scale of the study period (almost one year), such that high levels of study period precipitation and low mean study period temperature reduced the probability. Timing of ZIKV emergence was best described at the weekly scale for precipitation in that high precipitation in the current week delayed reporting. Both modelling approaches detected an effect of high poverty on reducing/slowing case detection, especially when inter-municipal road connectivity was low. We also found that proximity to municipalities reporting ZIKV had an effect to reduce timing of emergence when located, on average, less than 100 km away. Conclusions The different modelling approaches help distinguish between large temporal scale factors driving vector habitat suitability and short temporal scale factors affecting the speed of spread. We find evidence for inter-municipal movements of infected people as a local-scale driver of spatial spread. The negative association with poverty suggests reduced case reporting in poorer areas. Overall, relatively simplistic models may be able to predict the vulnerability of populations to autochthonous ZIKV transmission at the local scale. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-2867-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Rees
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada.
| | - Tatiana Petukhova
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariola Mascarenhas
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yann Pelcat
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Ogden
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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