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Zhang J, Wang S, Liu Z, Zhong C, Lei Y, Zheng Q, Xu Y, Shan S, He H, Ren T. Connexin 25 maintains self-renewal and functions of airway basal cells for airway regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:286. [PMID: 39256871 PMCID: PMC11389295 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03908-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of stem cell clones enables close contact of stem cells inside. The gap junctions in such clone spheres establish a microenvironment that allows frequent intercellular communication to maintain self-renewal and functions of stem cells. Nevertheless, the essential gap junction protein for molecular signaling in clones is poorly known. METHODS Primary human airway basal cells (hBCs) were isolated from brushing samples through bronchoscopy and then cultured. A tightly focused femtosecond laser was used to excite the local Ca2+ in an individual cell to initiate an internal Ca2+ wave in a clone to screen gap junction proteins. Immunoflourescence staining and clonogenicity assay were used to evaluate self-renewal and functions. RNA and protein levels were assessed by PCR and Western blot. Air-liquid interface assay was conducted to evaluate the differentiation potential. A Naphthalene injury mouse model was used to assess the regeneration potential. RESULTS Herein, we identify Connexin 25 (Cx25) dominates intercellular Ca2+ communications in clones of hBCs in vitro to maintain the self-renewal and pluripotency of them. The self-renewal and in vitro differentiation functions and in vivo regeneration potential of hBCs in an airway damage model are both regulated by Cx25. The abnormal expression of Cx25 is validated in several diseases including IPF, Covid-19 and bronchiectasis. CONCLUSION Cx25 is essential for hBC clones in maintaining self-renewal and functions of hBCs via gap junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yuqiong Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongle Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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2
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Meng H, Huan Y, Zhang K, Yi X, Meng X, Kang E, Wu S, Deng W, Wang Y. Quiescent Adult Neural Stem Cells: Developmental Origin and Regulatory Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1353-1363. [PMID: 38656419 PMCID: PMC11365920 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The existence of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult mammalian nervous system, although small in number and restricted to the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the olfactory epithelium, is a gift of evolution for the adaptive brain function which requires persistent plastic changes of these regions. It is known that most adult NSCs are latent, showing long cell cycles. In the past decade, the concept of quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) has been widely accepted by researchers in the field, and great progress has been made in the biology of qNSCs. Although the spontaneous neuronal regeneration derived from adult NSCs is not significant, understanding how the behaviors of qNSCs are regulated sheds light on stimulating endogenous NSC-based neuronal regeneration. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress of the developmental origin and regulatory mechanisms that maintain qNSCs under normal conditions, and that mobilize qNSCs under pathological conditions, hoping to give some insights for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xuyang Yi
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- School of Life Science and Research Center for Natural Peptide Drugs, Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Enming Kang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Wenbing Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 510631, China.
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Institute of Neurosciences, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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3
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Zhang Z, Su Z, Li Z, Li J, Yu W, Ye G, Lin J, Che Y, Xu P, Zeng Y, Wu Y, Shen H, Xie Z. CYP7B1-mediated 25-hydroxycholesterol degradation maintains quiescence-activation balance and improves therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1277-1289.e7. [PMID: 38382532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells remain quiescent in vivo and become activated in response to external stimuli. However, the mechanism regulating the quiescence-activation balance of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that CYP7B1 was the common critical molecule that promoted activation and impeded quiescence of BM-MSCs under inflammatory stimulation. Mechanistically, CYP7B1 degrades 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) into 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC), which alleviates the quiescence maintenance effect of 25-HC through Notch3 signaling pathway activation. CYP7B1 expression in BM-MSCs was regulated by NF-κB p65 under inflammatory conditions. BM-MSCs from CYP7B1 conditional knockout (CKO) mice had impaired activation abilities, relating to the delayed healing of bone defects. Intravenous infusion of BM-MSCs overexpressing CYP7B1 could improve the pathological scores of mice with collagen-induced arthritis. These results clarified the quiescence-activation regulatory mechanism of BM-MSCs through the NF-κB p65-CYP7B1-Notch3 axis and provided insight into enhancing BM-MSCs biological function as well as the subsequent therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518035, China
| | - Zepeng Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jinteng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yunshu Che
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Peitao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yipeng Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China.
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China.
| | - Zhongyu Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 3025# Shennan Road, Shenzhen 518000, P.R. China.
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4
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Zhao T, Hong Y, Yan B, Huang S, Ming GL, Song H. Epigenetic maintenance of adult neural stem cell quiescence in the mouse hippocampus via Setd1a. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5674. [PMID: 38971831 PMCID: PMC11227589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, a hallmark of adult neural stem cells (NSCs), is required for maintaining the NSC pool to support life-long continuous neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG). Whether long-lasting epigenetic modifications maintain NSC quiescence over the long term in the adult DG is not well-understood. Here we show that mice with haploinsufficiency of Setd1a, a schizophrenia risk gene encoding a histone H3K4 methyltransferase, develop an enlarged DG with more dentate granule cells after young adulthood. Deletion of Setd1a specifically in quiescent NSCs in the adult DG promotes their activation and neurogenesis, which is countered by inhibition of the histone demethylase LSD1. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing and CUT & RUN analyses of cultured quiescent adult NSCs reveal Setd1a deletion-induced transcriptional changes and many Setd1a targets, among which down-regulation of Bhlhe40 promotes quiescent NSC activation in the adult DG in vivo. Together, our study reveals a Setd1a-dependent epigenetic mechanism that sustains NSC quiescence in the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bowen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Maheshwari M, Singla A, Rawat A, Banerjee T, Pati S, Shah S, Maiti S, Vaidya VA. Chronic chemogenetic activation of hippocampal progenitors enhances adult neurogenesis and modulates anxiety-like behavior and fear extinction learning. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:168-181. [PMID: 39007086 PMCID: PMC11240292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a lifelong process that involves the integration of newborn neurons into the hippocampal network, and plays a role in cognitive function and the modulation of mood-related behavior. Here, we sought to address the impact of chemogenetic activation of adult hippocampal progenitors on distinct stages of progenitor development, including quiescent stem cell activation, progenitor turnover, differentiation and morphological maturation. We find that hM3Dq-DREADD-mediated activation of nestin-positive adult hippocampal progenitors recruits quiescent stem cells, enhances progenitor proliferation, increases doublecortin-positive newborn neuron number, accompanied by an acceleration of differentiation and morphological maturation, associated with increased dendritic complexity. Behavioral analysis indicated anxiolytic behavioral responses in transgenic mice subjected to chemogenetic activation of adult hippocampal progenitors at timepoints when newborn neurons are predicted to integrate into the mature hippocampal network. Furthermore, we noted an enhanced fear memory extinction on a contextual fear memory learning task in transgenic mice subjected to chemogenetic activation of adult hippocampal progenitors. Our findings indicate that hM3Dq-DREAD-mediated chemogenetic activation of adult hippocampal progenitors impacts distinct aspects of hippocampal neurogenesis, associated with the regulation of anxiety-like behavior and fear memory extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anoop Rawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Toshali Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Sthitapranjya Pati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Sneha Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Sudipta Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
| | - Vidita A. Vaidya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400005, India
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6
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Gonzalez-Ramos A, Puigsasllosas-Pastor C, Arcas-Marquez A, Tornero D. Updated Toolbox for Assessing Neuronal Network Reconstruction after Cell Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:487. [PMID: 38790353 PMCID: PMC11118929 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has proven to be a promising treatment for a range of neurological disorders, including Parkinson Disease, drug-resistant epilepsy, and stroke, by restoring function after brain damage. Nevertheless, evaluating the true effectiveness of these therapeutic interventions requires a deep understanding of the functional integration of grafted cells into existing neural networks. This review explores a powerful arsenal of molecular techniques revolutionizing our ability to unveil functional integration of grafted cells within the host brain. From precise manipulation of neuronal activity to pinpoint the functional contribution of transplanted cells by using opto- and chemo-genetics, to real-time monitoring of neuronal dynamics shedding light on functional connectivity within the reconstructed circuits by using genetically encoded (calcium) indicators in vivo. Finally, structural reconstruction and mapping communication pathways between grafted and host neurons can be achieved by monosynaptic tracing with viral vectors. The cutting-edge toolbox presented here holds immense promise for elucidating the impact of cell therapy on neural circuitry and guiding the development of more effective treatments for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gonzalez-Ramos
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Claudia Puigsasllosas-Pastor
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Arcas-Marquez
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Tornero
- Laboratory of Neural Stem Cells and Brain Damage, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Zhou S, Makashova O, Chevillard PM, Josey V, Li B, Prager-Khoutorsky M. Constitutive cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and subfornical organ of adult rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13377. [PMID: 38418229 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone, hippocampal subgranular zone, and the hypothalamic median eminence (ME) and the adjacent medio-basal hypothalamus. The ME is one of the circumventricular organs (CVO), which are specialized brain areas characterized by an incomplete blood-brain barrier and, thus, are involved in mediating communication between the central nervous system and the periphery. Additional CVOs include the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organs (SFO). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ME contains neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of generating new neurons and glia in the adult brain. However, it remains unclear whether the OVLT and SFO also contain proliferating cells, the identity of these cells, and their ability to differentiate into mature neurons. Here we show that glial and mural subtypes exhibit NSC characteristics, expressing the endogenous mitotic maker Ki67, and incorporating the exogenous mitotic marker BrdU in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. Glial cells constitutively proliferating in the SFO comprise NG2 glia, while in the OVLT, both NG2 glia and tanycytes appear to constitute the NSC pool. Furthermore, pericytes, which are mural cells associated with capillaries, also contribute to the pool of cells constitutively proliferating in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. In addition to these glial and mural cells, a fraction of NSCs containing proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU also expresses the early postmitotic neuronal marker doublecortin, suggesting that these CVOs comprise newborn neurons. Notably, these neurons can differentiate and express the mature neuronal marker NeuN. These findings establish the sensory CVOs OVLT and SFO as additional neurogenic niches, where the generation of new neurons and glia persists in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suijian Zhou
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olena Makashova
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vanessa Josey
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Banruo Li
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Masha Prager-Khoutorsky
- Department of Physiology, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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8
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Shvedov NR, Analoui S, Dafalias T, Bedell BL, Gardner TJ, Scott BB. In vivo imaging in transgenic songbirds reveals superdiffusive neuron migration in the adult brain. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113759. [PMID: 38345898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuron migration is a key phase of neurogenesis, critical for the assembly and function of neuronal circuits. In songbirds, this process continues throughout life, but how these newborn neurons disperse through the adult brain is unclear. We address this question using in vivo two-photon imaging in transgenic zebra finches that express GFP in young neurons and other cell types. In juvenile and adult birds, migratory cells are present at a high density, travel in all directions, and make frequent course changes. Notably, these dynamic migration patterns are well fit by a superdiffusive model. Simulations reveal that these superdiffusive dynamics are sufficient to disperse new neurons throughout the song nucleus HVC. These results suggest that superdiffusive migration may underlie the formation and maintenance of nuclear brain structures in the postnatal brain and indicate that transgenic songbirds are a useful resource for future studies into the mechanisms of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Shvedov
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sina Analoui
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Theresia Dafalias
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brooke L Bedell
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy J Gardner
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Benjamin B Scott
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Neurophotonics Center, Photonics Center, and Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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9
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Liu Q, Luo X, Liang Z, Qin D, Xu M, Wang M, Guo W. Coordination between circadian neural circuit and intracellular molecular clock ensures rhythmic activation of adult neural stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318030121. [PMID: 38346182 PMCID: PMC10895264 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock throughout the day organizes the activity of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of adult hippocampus temporally. However, it is still unclear whether and how circadian signals from the niches contribute to daily rhythmic variation of NSC activation. Here, we show that norepinephrinergic (NEergic) projections from the locus coeruleus (LC), a brain arousal system, innervate into adult DG, where daily rhythmic release of norepinephrine (NE) from the LC NEergic neurons controlled circadian variation of NSC activation through β3-adrenoceptors. Disrupted circadian rhythmicity by acute sleep deprivation leads to transient NSC overactivation and NSC pool exhaustion over time, which is effectively ameliorated by the inhibition of the LC NEergic neuronal activity or β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that NE/β3-adrenoceptors-mediated signaling regulates NSC activation through molecular clock BMAL1. Therefore, our study unravels that adult NSCs precisely coordinate circadian neural circuit and intrinsic molecular circadian clock to adapt their cellular behavior across the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Ziqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
| | - Weixiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100101, China
- Graduate School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100093, China
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10
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Müller T, Reichlmeir M, Hau AC, Wittig I, Schulte D. The neuronal transcription factor MEIS2 is a calpain-2 protease target. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261482. [PMID: 38305737 PMCID: PMC10941658 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Tight control over transcription factor activity is necessary for a sensible balance between cellular proliferation and differentiation in the embryo and during tissue homeostasis by adult stem cells, but mechanistic details have remained incomplete. The homeodomain transcription factor MEIS2 is an important regulator of neurogenesis in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) adult stem cell niche in mice. We here identify MEIS2 as direct target of the intracellular protease calpain-2 (composed of the catalytic subunit CAPN2 and the regulatory subunit CAPNS1). Phosphorylation at conserved serine and/or threonine residues, or dimerization with PBX1, reduced the sensitivity of MEIS2 towards cleavage by calpain-2. In the adult V-SVZ, calpain-2 activity is high in stem and progenitor cells, but rapidly declines during neuronal differentiation, which is accompanied by increased stability of MEIS2 full-length protein. In accordance with this, blocking calpain-2 activity in stem and progenitor cells, or overexpression of a cleavage-insensitive form of MEIS2, increased the production of neurons, whereas overexpression of a catalytically active CAPN2 reduced it. Collectively, our results support a key role for calpain-2 in controlling the output of adult V-SVZ neural stem and progenitor cells through cleavage of the neuronal fate determinant MEIS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Müller
- Goethe University, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), MSNZ Junior Group Translational Neurooncology, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Cancer Research (DoCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), 1445 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marina Reichlmeir
- Goethe University, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Hau
- Goethe University, University Hospital Frankfurt, Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology and Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT), MSNZ Junior Group Translational Neurooncology, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Goethe University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Functional Proteomics, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dorothea Schulte
- Goethe University, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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11
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Yu J, Chen G, Zhu H, Zhong Y, Yang Z, Jian Z, Xiong X. Metabolic and proteostatic differences in quiescent and active neural stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:43-48. [PMID: 37488842 PMCID: PMC10479840 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.375306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem cells are neurogenesis progenitor cells that play an important role in neurogenesis. Therefore, neural regeneration may be a promising target for treatment of many neurological illnesses. The regenerative capacity of adult neural stem cells can be characterized by two states: quiescent and active. Quiescent adult neural stem cells are more stable and guarantee the quantity and quality of the adult neural stem cell pool. Active adult neural stem cells are characterized by rapid proliferation and differentiation into neurons which allow for integration into neural circuits. This review focuses on differences between quiescent and active adult neural stem cells in nutrition metabolism and protein homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss the physiological significance and underlying advantages of these differences. Due to the limited number of adult neural stem cells studies, we referred to studies of embryonic adult neural stem cells or non-mammalian adult neural stem cells to evaluate specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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12
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Friedenberger Z, Harkin E, Tóth K, Naud R. Silences, spikes and bursts: Three-part knot of the neural code. J Physiol 2023; 601:5165-5193. [PMID: 37889516 DOI: 10.1113/jp281510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When a neuron breaks silence, it can emit action potentials in a number of patterns. Some responses are so sudden and intense that electrophysiologists felt the need to single them out, labelling action potentials emitted at a particularly high frequency with a metonym - bursts. Is there more to bursts than a figure of speech? After all, sudden bouts of high-frequency firing are expected to occur whenever inputs surge. The burst coding hypothesis advances that the neural code has three syllables: silences, spikes and bursts. We review evidence supporting this ternary code in terms of devoted mechanisms for burst generation, synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. We also review the learning and attention theories for which such a triad is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Friedenberger
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
| | - Emerson Harkin
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Tóth
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Naud
- Brain and Mind Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Neural Dynamics and Artifical Intelligence, Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Ottawa
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13
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Zhu YD, Ma XY, Li LP, Yang QJ, Jin F, Chen ZN, Wu CP, Shi HB, Feng ZQ, Yin SK, Li CY. Surface Functional Modification by Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene on PLLA Nanofibers for Optimizing Neural Stem Cell Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300731. [PMID: 37341969 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing cell substrates by surface modification of neural stem cells (NSCs), for efficient and oriented neurogenesis, represents a promising strategy for treating neurological diseases. However, developing substrates with the advanced surface functionality, conductivity, and biocompatibility required for practical application is still challenging. Here, Ti3 C2 Tx MXene is introduced as a coating nanomaterial for aligned poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) nanofibers (M-ANF) to enhance NSC neurogenesis and simultaneously tailor the cell growth direction. Ti3 C2 Tx MXene treatment provides a superior conductivity substrate with a surface rich in functional groups, hydrophilicity, and roughness, which can provide biochemical and physical cues to support NSC adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, Ti3 C2 Tx MXene coating significantly promotes NSC differentiation into both neurons and astrocytes. Interestingly, Ti3 C2 Tx MXene acts synergistically with the alignment of nanofibers to promote the growth of neurites, indicating enhanced maturation of these neurons. RNA sequencing analysis further reveals the molecular mechanism by which Ti3 C2 Tx MXene modulates the fate of NSCs. Notably, surface modification by Ti3 C2 Tx MXene mitigates the in vivo foreign body response to implanted PLLA nanofibers. This study confirms that Ti3 C2 Tx MXene provides multiple advantages for decorating the aligned PLLA nanofibers to cooperatively improve neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Dan Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xi-Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Lin-Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Quan-Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zheng-Nong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Cui-Ping Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hai-Bo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Shan-Kai Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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14
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Rönkkö J, Rodriguez Y, Rasila T, Torregrosa-Muñumer R, Pennonen J, Kvist J, Kuuluvainen E, Bosch LVD, Hietakangas V, Bultynck G, Tyynismaa H, Ylikallio E. Human IP 3 receptor triple knockout stem cells remain pluripotent despite altered mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Calcium 2023; 114:102782. [PMID: 37481871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are ER Ca2+-release channels that control a broad set of cellular processes. Animal models lacking IP3Rs in different combinations display severe developmental phenotypes. Given the importance of IP3Rs in human diseases, we investigated their role in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) by developing single IP3R and triple IP3R knockouts (TKO). Genome edited TKO-hiPSC lacking all three IP3R isoforms, IP3R1, IP3R2, IP3R3, failed to generate Ca2+ signals in response to agonists activating GPCRs, but retained stemness and pluripotency. Steady state metabolite profiling and flux analysis of TKO-hiPSC indicated distinct alterations in tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites consistent with a deficiency in their pyruvate utilization via pyruvate dehydrogenase, shifting towards pyruvate carboxylase pathway. These results demonstrate that IP3Rs are not essential for hiPSC identity and pluripotency but regulate mitochondrial metabolism. This set of knockout hiPSC is a valuable resource for investigating IP3Rs in human cell types of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Rönkkö
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Yago Rodriguez
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Tiina Rasila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Rubén Torregrosa-Muñumer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jana Pennonen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emilia Kuuluvainen
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ville Hietakangas
- Molecular and Integrative Bioscience Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
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15
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Zhao YX, Li XN, Tang YX, Talukder M, Zhao Y, Li JL. Cadmium Transforms Astrocytes into the A1 Subtype via Inducing Gap Junction Protein Connexin 43 into the Nucleus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12043-12051. [PMID: 37471304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is highly toxic and present in the environment and can be accumulated among various levels of the food chain. Both humans and animals are at risk from toxicity associated with cadmium. However, the neurological endpoint caused by cadmium has not been revealed. The aim of our research is to explore the potential target of cadmium attack when causing neurotoxicity. 80 male chickens (one day old, weighing 36.49 ± 2.88 g) were randomly divided into four groups and independently treated with 0, 35, 70, or 140 mg/kg CdCl2 in diet for 90 days. The result showed that the striatum was damaged due to a high dose of cadmium in the brain, which was characterized by degeneration of neurons and astrocyte dysfunction. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that striatal astrocytes were transformed into the A1 state under cadmium exposure. Deeper investigation revealed that the internalization of gap junction protein connexin 43 was responsible for this transformation. Eventually, we can conclude that the internalized gap junction protein connexin 43 of astrocytes is the target of cadmium anchoring, and this process was accompanied by the transformation of astrocytes into the A1 subtype. This study provides a new direction for exploring the effects of cadmium on the nervous system and the treatment of subsequent nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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16
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Scandella V, Petrelli F, Moore DL, Braun SMG, Knobloch M. Neural stem cell metabolism revisited: a critical role for mitochondria. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:446-461. [PMID: 37380501 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has emerged as a key regulator of stem cell behavior. Mitochondria are crucial metabolic organelles that are important for differentiated cells, yet considered less so for stem cells. However, recent studies have shown that mitochondria influence stem cell maintenance and fate decisions, inviting a revised look at this topic. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the role of mitochondrial metabolism in mouse and human neural stem cells (NSCs) in the embryonic and adult brain. We summarize how mitochondria are implicated in fate regulation and how substrate oxidation affects NSC quiescence. We further explore single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for metabolic signatures of adult NSCs, highlight emerging technologies reporting on metabolic signatures, and discuss mitochondrial metabolism in other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darcie L Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Yeo RW, Zhou OY, Zhong BL, Sun ED, Navarro Negredo P, Nair S, Sharmin M, Ruetz TJ, Wilson M, Kundaje A, Dunn AR, Brunet A. Chromatin accessibility dynamics of neurogenic niche cells reveal defects in neural stem cell adhesion and migration during aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:866-893. [PMID: 37443352 PMCID: PMC10353944 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative potential of brain stem cell niches deteriorates during aging. Yet the mechanisms underlying this decline are largely unknown. Here we characterize genome-wide chromatin accessibility of neurogenic niche cells in vivo during aging. Interestingly, chromatin accessibility at adhesion and migration genes decreases with age in quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) but increases with age in activated (proliferative) NSCs. Quiescent and activated NSCs exhibit opposing adhesion behaviors during aging: quiescent NSCs become less adhesive, whereas activated NSCs become more adhesive. Old activated NSCs also show decreased migration in vitro and diminished mobilization out of the niche for neurogenesis in vivo. Using tension sensors, we find that aging increases force-producing adhesions in activated NSCs. Inhibiting the cytoskeletal-regulating kinase ROCK reduces these adhesions, restores migration in old activated NSCs in vitro, and boosts neurogenesis in vivo. These results have implications for restoring the migratory potential of NSCs and for improving neurogenesis in the aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Surag Nair
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mahfuza Sharmin
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tyson J Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mikaela Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Ren Q, Zhang G, Dong C, Li Z, Zhou D, Huang L, Li W, Huang G, Yan J. Parental Folate Deficiency Inhibits Proliferation and Increases Apoptosis of Neural Stem Cells in Rat Offspring: Aggravating Telomere Attrition as a Potential Mechanism. Nutrients 2023; 15:2843. [PMID: 37447170 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of maternal folate status on the fetal central nervous system (CNS) is well recognized, while evidence is emerging that such an association also exists between fathers and offspring. The biological functions of telomeres and telomerase are also related to neural cell proliferation and apoptosis. The study aimed to investigate the effect of parental folate deficiency on the proliferation and apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) in neonatal offspring and the role of telomeres in this effect. In this study, rats were divided into four groups: maternal folate-deficient and paternal folate-deficient diet (D-D) group; maternal folate-deficient and paternal folate-normal diet (D-N) group; maternal folate-normal and paternal folate-deficient diet (N-D) group; and the maternal folate-normal and paternal folate-normal diet (N-N) group. The offspring were sacrificed at postnatal day 0 (PND0), and NSCs were cultured from the hippocampus and striatum tissues of offspring for future assay. The results revealed that parental folate deficiency decreased folate levels, increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels of the offspring's brain tissue, inhibited proliferation, increased apoptosis, shortened telomere length, and aggravated telomere attrition of offspring NSCs in vivo and in vitro. In vitro experiments further showed that offspring NSCs telomerase activity was inhibited due to parental folate deficiency. In conclusion, parental folate deficiency inhibited the proliferation and increased apoptosis of offspring NSCs, maternal folate deficiency had more adverse effects than paternal, and the mechanisms may involve the telomere attrition of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhenshu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dezheng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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19
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Chen X, Ren L, Zhang H, Hu Y, Liao M, Shen Y, Wang K, Cai J, Cheng H, Guo J, Qi Y, Wei H, Li X, Shang L, Xiao J, Sun J, Chai R. Basic fibroblast growth factor-loaded methacrylate gelatin hydrogel microspheres for spinal nerve regeneration. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220038. [PMID: 39188281 PMCID: PMC11235853 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system injury, and developing appropriate drug delivery platforms for spinal nerve regeneration is highly anticipated. Here, we propose a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel microsphere with ideal performances for spinal cord injury repair. Benefitting from the precise droplet manipulation capability of the microfluidic technology, the GelMA microspheres possess uniform and satisfactory size and good stability. More importantly, by taking advantage of the porous structures and facile chemical modification of the GelMA microspheres, bFGF could be easily loaded and gradually released. By co-culturing with neural stem cells, it is validated that the bFGF-loaded GelMA microspheres could effectively promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. We also confirm the effective role of the bFGF-loaded GelMA microspheres in nerve repair of spinal cord injury in rats. Our results demonstrate the potential value of the microspheres for applications in repairing central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Lei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Menghui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yingbo Shen
- Chien‐Shiung Wu CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Kaichen Wang
- Chien‐Shiung Wu CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiaying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jiamin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yanru Qi
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hao Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingChina
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Shanghai Xuhui Central HospitalZhongshan‐Xuhui HospitalThe Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Xiao
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health)WenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jingwu Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhuiChina
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryZhongda HospitalSchool of Life Sciences and TechnologyAdvanced Institute for Life and HealthJiangsu Province High Tech Key Laboratory for Bio‐Medical ResearchSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Chien‐Shiung Wu CollegeSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
- Co‐Innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgerySichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and RepairCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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20
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Zhou OY, Brunet A. Seeing is believing: old clones die young. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:371-373. [PMID: 37117790 PMCID: PMC10833654 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability of adult neural stem cells to produce new neurons (neurogenesis) declines markedly during aging, but exactly how this occurs is largely unknown. Using sophisticated in vivo imaging, a study in Nature Aging shows that aging affects several steps of neurogenesis — most notably, increasing the death of newborn clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Cucielo MS, Tan DX, Rosales-Corral S, Gancitano G, de Almeida Chuffa LG. Brain washing and neural health: role of age, sleep, and the cerebrospinal fluid melatonin rhythm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:88. [PMID: 36917314 PMCID: PMC11072793 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04736-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
The brain lacks a classic lymphatic drainage system. How it is cleansed of damaged proteins, cellular debris, and molecular by-products has remained a mystery for decades. Recent discoveries have identified a hybrid system that includes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled perivascular spaces and classic lymph vessels in the dural covering of the brain and spinal cord that functionally cooperate to remove toxic and non-functional trash from the brain. These two components functioning together are referred to as the glymphatic system. We propose that the high levels of melatonin secreted by the pineal gland directly into the CSF play a role in flushing pathological molecules such as amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) from the brain via this network. Melatonin is a sleep-promoting agent, with waste clearance from the CNS being highest especially during slow wave sleep. Melatonin is also a potent and versatile antioxidant that prevents neural accumulation of oxidatively-damaged molecules which contribute to neurological decline. Due to its feedback actions on the suprachiasmatic nucleus, CSF melatonin rhythm functions to maintain optimal circadian rhythmicity, which is also critical for preserving neurocognitive health. Melatonin levels drop dramatically in the frail aged, potentially contributing to neurological failure and dementia. Melatonin supplementation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) defers Aβ accumulation, enhances its clearance from the CNS, and prolongs animal survival. In AD patients, preliminary data show that melatonin use reduces neurobehavioral signs such as sundowning. Finally, melatonin controls the mitotic activity of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone, suggesting its involvement in neuronal renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Maira Smaniotto Cucielo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Giuseppe Gancitano
- 1st "Tuscania" Paratrooper Regiment, Italian Ministry of Defense, 57127, Leghorn, Italy
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology-IBB/UNESP, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-689, Brazil
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22
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Chen L, Zhang M. Promoting Endogenous Neurogenesis as a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1353-1368. [PMID: 36445633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most universal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. AD is biologically defined by production and aggregation of misfolded protein including extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and intracellular microtubule-associated protein tau tangles in neurons, leading to irreversible neuronal loss. At present, regulation of endogenous neurogenesis to supplement lost neurons has been proposed as a promising strategy for treatment of AD. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of impaired neurogenesis in AD have not been fully explained and effective treatments targeting neurogenesis for AD are limited. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest research of impaired neurogenesis in AD. Then we discuss the factors affecting stages of neurogenesis and the interplay between neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurogenic niche under AD pathological conditions. This review aims to explore potential therapeutic strategies that promote endogenous neurogenesis for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. .,School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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23
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Petković M, Henis M, Heese O, Relógio A. Chronotherapy in Glioblastoma: state of the art and future perspectives. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104470. [PMID: 36796229 PMCID: PMC9958380 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate various processes in the human body, including drug metabolism. Chronotherapy optimizes treatment timing based on the circadian rhythm of the individual patient, such that the treatment efficacy is maximized, and adverse effects are minimized. It has been explored in different cancers with varying conclusions. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumour with a very dismal prognosis. In recent years, there has been very little success in designing successful therapies to fight this disease. Chronotherapy offers the opportunity to leverage existing treatments to extend patient survival and to increase their quality of life. Here, we discuss recent advances in using chronotherapy regimens in the treatment of GMB, such as radiotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ) and bortezomib, as well as discuss novel treatments with drugs of short half-life or circadian phase specific activity, and examine the therapeutic potential of new approaches that target elements of the core circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Petković
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Melad Henis
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Oliver Heese
- Department of Neurosurgery and Spinal Surgery, HELIOS Medical Center Schwerin, University Campus of MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany; Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg 20457, Germany; Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany.
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24
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Saghatelyan A. Calcium signaling as an integrator and decoder of niche factors to control somatic stem cell quiescence and activation. FEBS J 2023; 290:677-683. [PMID: 34797958 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells (SSCs) play a major role in tissue homeostasis and respond to a panoply of micro-environmental cues by adjusting their quiescence and activation profiles. How these cells integrate and decode multiple niche signals remains elusive. In recent years, Ca2+ signaling has emerged as one of the key intracellular pathways that allow stem cells to dynamically adjust their fate and either to remain quiescent for future needs or to become activated to generate new progeny. Interestingly, not only distinct Ca2+ signatures are associated with the quiescence and activation states of stem cells, but also various extracellular cues impinge on Ca2+ pathways to dynamically regulate the responses of stem cells to different niche signals. This Viewpoint article deals with how Ca2+ signaling may be used to decode and integrate different niche factors and how Ca2+ fluctuations of distinct amplitudes, frequencies, and overall intracellular levels may trigger the differential gene transcription program. Knowledge about mechanisms that allow SSCs to translate the complexity of extracellular niche signaling into intrinsic states of cell quiescence and activation is crucial for understanding life-long tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Hemoglobin Derived from Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Pyroptosis of Neural Stem Cells via ROS/NLRP3/GSDMD Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:4383332. [PMID: 36703912 PMCID: PMC9871413 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4383332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) have regenerative capacity after brain injuries, such as in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers inflammatory responses and pyroptosis of cells; however, whether ROS-induced neuroinflammation modulates the fate of endogenous NSCs after SAH remains largely unknown. In this study, the level of IL-1β was increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with SAH. In an endovascular perforation model of SAH in mice, the secretion of IL-1β increased to a peak at 24 h following SAH, and the expression of Caspase1 and NLRP3 was elevated in the hippocampus. Primary cultured NSCs were incubated with hemoglobin (Hb) to mimic SAH in vitro. The cell viability, LDH release, intracellular ROS levels, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the expression of NLRP3 and pyroptosis indicators (GSDMD, ASC, and Caspase-1) in NSCs after SAH were examined to investigate the process of pyroptosis. We found that pyroptotic death featuring cellular swelling, cell membrane pore formation and elevated IL-1β was increased in cultured primary NSCs after Hb treatment, as was the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, and GSDMD. In addition, we found that ROS-induced pyroptosis of NSCs by activating the NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. These findings suggest that pyroptosis of NSCs induced by Hb can impede neural regeneration after SAH.
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26
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Ghareghani M, Pons V, Laflamme N, Zibara K, Rivest S. Inhibiting nighttime melatonin and boosting cortisol increase patrolling monocytes, phagocytosis, and myelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:215-227. [PMID: 36635431 PMCID: PMC9898548 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results on melatonin synthesis in multiple sclerosis (MS) have been reported due to variabilities in patient lifestyles, which are not considered when supplementing melatonin. Since melatonin acts through its receptors, we identified melatonin receptors in oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the corpus callosum, where demyelination occurs; the subventricular zone, where neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are located; and the choroid plexus, which functions as a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Moreover, using chimeric mice, resident macrophages were found to express melatonin receptors, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophages lost this expression in the demyelinated brain. Next, we showed that cuprizone-fed mice, which is an MS model, tended to have increased melatonin levels. While we used different approaches to alter the circadian rhythm of melatonin and cortisol, only the constant light approach increased NSPC proliferation and differentiation to oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), OPCs maturation to OLs and recruitment to the site of demyelination, the number of patrolling monocytes, and phagocytosis. In contrast, constant darkness and exogenous melatonin exacerbated these events and amplified monocyte infiltration. Therefore, melatonin should not be considered a universal remedy, as is currently claimed. Our data emphasize the importance of monitoring melatonin/cortisol oscillations in each MS patient by considering diet and lifestyle to avoid melatonin overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Vincent Pons
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Nataly Laflamme
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2 Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- grid.411324.10000 0001 2324 3572PRASE and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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27
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Gao J, Yao M, Chang D, Liu J. mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin): Hitting the Bull's Eye for Enhancing Neurogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia? Stroke 2023; 54:279-285. [PMID: 36321454 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability around the world. The sequelae of serious neurological damage are irreversible due to body's own limited repair capacity. However, endogenous neurogenesis induced by cerebral ischemia plays a critical role in the repair and regeneration of impaired neural cells after ischemic brain injury. mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) kinase has been suggested to regulate neural stem cells ability to self-renew and differentiate into proliferative daughter cells, thus leading to improved cell growth, proliferation, and survival. In this review, we summarized the current evidence to support that mTOR signaling pathways may enhance neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia, which could highlight the potential of mTOR to be a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia (D.C.)
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China (J.G., M.Y., J.L.)
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28
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Brunet A, Goodell MA, Rando TA. Ageing and rejuvenation of tissue stem cells and their niches. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:45-62. [PMID: 35859206 PMCID: PMC9879573 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Most adult organs contain regenerative stem cells, often organized in specific niches. Stem cell function is critical for tissue homeostasis and repair upon injury, and it is dependent on interactions with the niche. During ageing, stem cells decline in their regenerative potential and ability to give rise to differentiated cells in the tissue, which is associated with a deterioration of tissue integrity and health. Ageing-associated changes in regenerative tissue regions include defects in maintenance of stem cell quiescence, differentiation ability and bias, clonal expansion and infiltration of immune cells in the niche. In this Review, we discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ageing in the regenerative regions of different tissues as well as potential rejuvenation strategies. We focus primarily on brain, muscle and blood tissues, but also provide examples from other tissues, such as skin and intestine. We describe the complex interactions between different cell types, non-cell-autonomous mechanisms between ageing niches and stem cells, and the influence of systemic factors. We also compare different interventions for the rejuvenation of old regenerative regions. Future outlooks in the field of stem cell ageing are discussed, including strategies to counter ageing and age-dependent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Ageing, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Neurology Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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29
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Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
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30
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Nutrition influences nervous system development by regulating neural stem cell homeostasis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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31
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Everlien I, Yen TY, Liu YC, Di Marco B, Vázquez-Marín J, Centanin L, Alfonso J, Monyer H. Diazepam binding inhibitor governs neurogenesis of excitatory and inhibitory neurons during embryonic development via GABA signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3139-3153.e6. [PMID: 35998632 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the neurotransmitters that influence neurogenesis, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an outstanding role, and GABA receptors support non-synaptic signaling in progenitors and migrating neurons. Here, we report that expression levels of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), an endozepine that modulates GABA signaling, regulate embryonic neurogenesis, affecting the long-term outcome regarding the number of neurons in the postnatal mouse brain. We demonstrate that DBI is highly expressed in radial glia and intermediate progenitor cells in the germinal zones of the embryonic mouse brain that give rise to excitatory and inhibitory cells. The mechanism by which DBI controls neurogenesis involves its action as a negative allosteric modulator of GABA-induced currents on progenitor cells that express GABAA receptors containing γ2 subunits. DBI's modulatory effect parallels that of GABAA-receptor-mediating signaling in these cells in the proliferative areas, reflecting the tight control that DBI exerts on embryonic neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Everlien
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ting-Yun Yen
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Liu
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Marco
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Javier Vázquez-Marín
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Center for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Julieta Alfonso
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and the Medical Faculty of the Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunology: A Role for Melatonin in This New Paradigm. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154888. [PMID: 35956837 PMCID: PMC9370109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology is the area of study of the intimate relationship between immune, physical, emotional, and psychological aspects. This new way of studying the human body and its diseases was initiated in the last century’s first decades. However, the molecules that participate in the communication between the immune, endocrine, and neurological systems are still being discovered. This paper aims to describe the development of psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology, its scopes, limitations in actual medicine, and the extent of melatonin within it.
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33
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Reduced Melatonin Levels May Facilitate Glioblastoma Initiation in the Subventricular Zone. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e24. [PMID: 35570582 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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34
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Kann AP, Hung M, Wang W, Nguyen J, Gilbert PM, Wu Z, Krauss RS. An injury-responsive Rac-to-Rho GTPase switch drives activation of muscle stem cells through rapid cytoskeletal remodeling. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:933-947.e6. [PMID: 35597234 PMCID: PMC9177759 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many tissues harbor quiescent stem cells that are activated upon injury, subsequently proliferating and differentiating to repair tissue damage. Mechanisms by which stem cells sense injury and transition from quiescence to activation, however, remain largely unknown. Resident skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential orchestrators of muscle regeneration and repair. Here, with a combination of in vivo and ex vivo approaches, we show that quiescent MuSCs have elaborate, Rac GTPase-promoted cytoplasmic projections that respond to injury via the upregulation of Rho/ROCK signaling, facilitating projection retraction and driving downstream activation events. These early events involve rapid cytoskeletal rearrangements and occur independently of exogenous growth factors. This mechanism is conserved across a broad range of MuSC activation models, including injury, disease, and genetic loss of quiescence. Our results redefine MuSC activation and present a central mechanism by which quiescent stem cells initiate responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jo Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada
| | - Penney M Gilbert
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G9, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3E1, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3G5, Canada
| | - Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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35
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Melatonin in ventricular and subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid: Its function in the neural glymphatic network and biological significance for neurocognitive health. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 605:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Circadian rhythm modulates endochondral bone formation via MTR1/AMPKβ1/BMAL1 signaling axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:874-887. [PMID: 35094018 PMCID: PMC8991200 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is a master regulator in coordinating daily oscillations of physiology and behaviors. Nevertheless, how the circadian rhythm affects endochondral ossification is poorly understood. Here we showed that endochondral bone formation exhibits circadian rhythms, manifested as fast DNA replication in the daytime, active cell mitosis, and matrix synthesis at night. Circadian rhythm disruption led to endochondral ossification deformities. The mechanistic dissection revealed that melatonin receptor 1 (MTR1) periodically activates the AMPKβ1 phosphorylation, which then orchestrates the rhythms of cell proliferation and matrix synthesis via destabilizing the clock component CRY1 and triggering BMAL1 expression. Accordingly, the AMPKβ1 agonist is capable of alleviating the abnormity of endochondral ossification caused by circadian dysrhythmias. Taken together, these findings indicated that the central circadian clock could control endochondral bone formation via the MTR1/AMPKβ1/BMAL1 signaling axis in chondrocytes. Also, our results suggested that the AMPKβ1 signaling activators are promising medications toward endochondral ossification deformities.
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37
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Du H, Xu Y, Zhu L. Role of Semaphorins in Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:848506. [PMID: 35350431 PMCID: PMC8957939 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.848506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the major causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in the world. Although the management of ischemic stroke has been improved significantly, it still imposes a huge burden on the health and property. The integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) is closely related with the prognosis of ischemic stroke. Growing evidence has shown that semaphorins, a family of axon guidance cues, play a pivotal role in multiple pathophysiological processes in NVU after ischemia, such as regulating the immune system, angiogenesis, and neuroprotection. Modulating the NVU function via semaphorin signaling has a potential to develop a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. We, therefore, review recent progresses on the role of semphorin family members in neurons, glial cells and vasculature after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Du
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology of Jiangsu Province, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhu,
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38
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Hypothesis of Cyclic Structures of Pre- and Consciousness as a Transition in Neuron-like Graphs to a Special Type of Symmetry. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the proposed statistical kinetic model for describing the pre- and consciousness structures based on the cognitive neural networks. The method of statistics of the growth graph systems and a possible transition to symmetric structures (a kind of phase transition) is applied. With the complication of a random Erdőos-Rényi (ER) graph during the percolation transition from the tree structure to the large cluster structures is obtained. In the evolutionary model two classes of algorithms have been developed. The differences between the cycle parameters in the obtained neural network models can reach thousands or more times. This is due to the tree-like architecture of the neural graph, which mimics the columnar structures of the neocortex. These cluster and cyclic structures can be interpreted as the primary elements of consciousness and as a necessary condition for the effect of consciousness itself. The comparison with other known theoretical mainly statistical models of consciousness is discussed. The presented results are promising in neurocomputer interfaces, man-machine systems and artificial intelligence systems.
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Regulating Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Activation to Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050846. [PMID: 35269466 PMCID: PMC8909806 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects millions of individuals worldwide. Currently, there is no cure, and treatment options to promote neural recovery are limited. An innovative approach to improve outcomes following SCI involves the recruitment of endogenous populations of neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs can be isolated from the neuroaxis of the central nervous system (CNS), with brain and spinal cord populations sharing common characteristics (as well as regionally distinct phenotypes). Within the spinal cord, a number of NSC sub-populations have been identified which display unique protein expression profiles and proliferation kinetics. Collectively, the potential for NSCs to impact regenerative medicine strategies hinges on their cardinal properties, including self-renewal and multipotency (the ability to generate de novo neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes). Accordingly, endogenous NSCs could be harnessed to replace lost cells and promote structural repair following SCI. While studies exploring the efficacy of this approach continue to suggest its potential, many questions remain including those related to heterogeneity within the NSC pool, the interaction of NSCs with their environment, and the identification of factors that can enhance their response. We discuss the current state of knowledge regarding populations of endogenous spinal cord NSCs, their niche, and the factors that regulate their behavior. In an attempt to move towards the goal of enhancing neural repair, we highlight approaches that promote NSC activation following injury including the modulation of the microenvironment and parenchymal cells, pharmaceuticals, and applied electrical stimulation.
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Melatonin and the Programming of Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041971. [PMID: 35216086 PMCID: PMC8879213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin interacts with various types of stem cells, in multiple ways that comprise stimulation of proliferation, maintenance of stemness and self-renewal, protection of survival, and programming toward functionally different cell lineages. These various properties are frequently intertwined but may not be always jointly present. Melatonin typically stimulates proliferation and transition to the mature cell type. For all sufficiently studied stem or progenitor cells, melatonin’s signaling pathways leading to expression of respective morphogenetic factors are discussed. The focus of this article will be laid on the aspect of programming, particularly in pluripotent cells. This is especially but not exclusively the case in neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Concerning developmental bifurcations, decisions are not exclusively made by melatonin alone. In MSCs, melatonin promotes adipogenesis in a Wnt (Wingless-Integration-1)-independent mode, but chondrogenesis and osteogenesis Wnt-dependently. Melatonin upregulates Wnt, but not in the adipogenic lineage. This decision seems to depend on microenvironment and epigenetic memory. The decision for chondrogenesis instead of osteogenesis, both being Wnt-dependent, seems to involve fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Stem cell-specific differences in melatonin and Wnt receptors, and contributions of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs are outlined, as well as possibilities and the medical importance of re-programming for transdifferentiation.
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Ren Q, Pan J, Chen Y, Shen Z, Yang Z, Kwon K, Guo Y, Wang Y, Ji F. Melatonin-Medicated Neural JNK3 Up-Regulation Promotes Ameloblastic Mineralization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:749642. [PMID: 35004671 PMCID: PMC8740296 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Melatonin, an endogenous neurohormone, modulates the biological circadian rhythms of vertebrates. It functions have been reported in previous stomatological studies as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, osseointegration of dental implants and stimulation to dental pulp stem cells differentiation, but its role in ameloblastic differentiation and mineralization has been rarely studied. Objective: To reveal the effects of melatonin on the mineralization of ameloblast lineage cells (ALCs), and to identify the change in gene expression and the potential mechanism based on ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. Method: ALCs were induced in melatonin-conditioned medium. After 7-days culture, Western blot, real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test, RNA-seq were accordingly used to detect the change in molecular level. After 1-month odontogenic induction in melatonin medium, Alizarin Red-S (ARS) staining showed the changes of mineral nodules. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enrichment of functions and signaling pathways analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) database were performed. The JNK3 antagonist (JNK3 inhibitor IX, SR3576) and β-arrestin1 (Arrb1) overexpression were applied to confirm the fluctuation of melatonin-medicated JNK3 and Arrb1 expression. Results: In this study, we found out melatonin contributed to the ameloblastic mineralization, from which we can observed the elevated expression of enamel matrix protein, and increased ALP activity and mineralized nodules formation. RNA-seq analysis showed the up-regulation of neural JNK3 and down-regulation of Arrb1 in ALCs. Meanwhile, phosphorylated JNK3 deficiency (phosphorylated JNK3 inhibitor---SR3576 added to culture medium) led to mineralization delay, and Arrb1 overexpression proved Arrb1 takes bridge between melatonin receptors (MTNR) and JNK3 in MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhecheng Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kubin Kwon
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Aldib N, Bernard M, Paquette AS, Ferreira A, Lecordier S, Saghatelyan A, Flamand L, ElAli A. SARS-CoV-2 deregulates the vascular and immune functions of brain pericytes via Spike protein. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 161:105561. [PMID: 34780863 PMCID: PMC8590447 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 pathogenesis causes vascular-mediated neurological disorders via elusive mechanisms. SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells via the binding of viral Spike (S) protein to transmembrane receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Although brain pericytes were recently shown to abundantly express ACE2 at the neurovascular interface, their response to SARS-CoV-2 S protein is still to be elucidated. Using cell-based assays, we found that ACE2 expression in human brain vascular pericytes was increased upon S protein exposure. Pericytes exposed to S protein underwent profound phenotypic changes associated with an elongated and contracted morphology accompanied with an enhanced expression of contractile and myofibrogenic proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen I, and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein-3 (NOTCH3). On the functional level, S protein exposure promoted the acquisition of calcium (Ca2+) signature of contractile ensheathing pericytes characterized by highly regular oscillatory Ca2+ fluctuations. Furthermore, S protein induced lipid peroxidation, oxidative and nitrosative stress in pericytes as well as triggered an immune reaction translated by activation of nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which was potentiated by hypoxia, a condition associated with vascular comorbidities that exacerbate COVID-19 pathogenesis. S protein exposure combined to hypoxia enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in immune cell activation and trafficking, namely macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Using transgenic mice expressing the human ACE2 that recognizes S protein, we observed that the intranasal infection with SARS-CoV-2 rapidly induced hypoxic/ischemic-like pericyte reactivity in the brain of transgenic mice, accompanied with an increased vascular expression of ACE2. Moreover, we found that SARS-CoV-2 S protein accumulated in the intranasal cavity reached the brain of mice in which the nasal mucosa is deregulated. Collectively, these findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 S protein impairs the vascular and immune regulatory functions of brain pericytes, which may account for vascular-mediated brain damage. Our study provides a better understanding for the mechanisms underlying cerebrovascular disorders in COVID-19, paving the way to develop new therapeutic interventions.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/drug effects
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/metabolism
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/physiopathology
- Calcium Signaling
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Lipid Peroxidation/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/drug effects
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts
- NF-kappa B/drug effects
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nasal Mucosa
- Nitrosative Stress
- Oxidative Stress
- Pericytes/cytology
- Pericytes/drug effects
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Receptor, Notch3/metabolism
- Receptors, Coronavirus/drug effects
- Receptors, Coronavirus/genetics
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Natija Aldib
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Research Center CERVO, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Bernard
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Paquette
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aymeric Ferreira
- Research Center CERVO, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- Research Center CERVO, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Flamand
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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Cao Y, Wu HN, Cao XL, Yue KY, Han WJ, Cao ZP, Zhang YF, Gao XY, Luo C, Jiang XF, Han H, Zheng MH. Transmembrane Protein Ttyh1 Maintains the Quiescence of Neural Stem Cells Through Ca 2+/NFATc3 Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:779373. [PMID: 34869383 PMCID: PMC8635056 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The quiescence, activation, and subsequent neurogenesis of neural stem cells (NSCs) play essential roles in the physiological homeostasis and pathological repair of the central nervous system. Previous studies indicate that transmembrane protein Ttyh1 is required for the stemness of NSCs, whereas the exact functions in vivo and precise mechanisms are still waiting to be elucidated. By constructing Ttyh1-promoter driven reporter mice, we determined the specific expression of Ttyh1 in quiescent NSCs and niche astrocytes. Further evaluations on Ttyh1 knockout mice revealed that Ttyh1 ablation leads to activated neurogenesis and enhanced spatial learning and memory in adult mice (6-8 weeks). Correspondingly, Ttyh1 deficiency results in accelerated exhaustion of NSC pool and impaired neurogenesis in aged mice (12 months). By RNA-sequencing, bioinformatics and molecular biological analysis, we found that Ttyh1 is involved in the regulation of calcium signaling in NSCs, and transcription factor NFATc3 is a critical effector in quiescence versus cell cycle entry regulated by Ttyh1. Our research uncovered new endogenous mechanisms that regulate quiescence versus activation of NSCs, therefore provide novel targets for the intervention to activate quiescent NSCs to participate in injury repair during pathology and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hai-ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiu-li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Kang-yi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-juan Han
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zi-peng Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiang-yu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-fan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Min-hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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44
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Marymonchyk A, Malvaut S, Saghatelyan A. In vivo live imaging of postnatal neural stem cells. Development 2021; 148:271820. [PMID: 34383894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in specific regions of the postnatal brain and contribute to its structural and functional plasticity. However, the long-term renewal potential of NSCs and their mode of division remain elusive. The use of advanced in vivo live imaging approaches may expand our knowledge of NSC physiology and provide new information for cell replacement therapies. In this Review, we discuss the in vivo imaging methods used to study NSC dynamics and recent live-imaging results with respect to specific intracellular pathways that allow NSCs to integrate and decode different micro-environmental signals. Lastly, we discuss future directions that may provide answers to unresolved questions regarding NSC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
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45
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Terrié E, Déliot N, Benzidane Y, Harnois T, Cousin L, Bois P, Oliver L, Arnault P, Vallette F, Constantin B, Coronas V. Store-Operated Calcium Channels Control Proliferation and Self-Renewal of Cancer Stem Cells from Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143428. [PMID: 34298643 PMCID: PMC8307764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a high-grade primary brain tumor that contains a subpopulation of cells called glioblastoma stem cells, which are responsible for tumor initiation, growth and recurrence after treatment. Recent transcriptomic studies have highlighted that calcium pathways predominate in glioblastoma stem cells. Calcium channels have the ability to transduce signals from the microenvironment and are therefore ideally placed to control cellular behavior. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate in five different primary cultures, previously derived from surgical specimens, that glioblastoma stem cells express store-operated channels (SOC) that support calcium entry into these cells. Pharmacological inhibition of SOC dramatically reduces cell proliferation and stem cell self-renewal in these cultures. By identifying SOC as a critical mechanism involved in the maintenance of the stem cell population in glioblastoma, our study will contribute to the framework for the identification of new therapies against this deadly tumor. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most frequent and deadly form of primary brain tumors. Despite multimodal treatment, more than 90% of patients experience tumor recurrence. Glioblastoma contains a small population of cells, called glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) that are highly resistant to treatment and endowed with the ability to regenerate the tumor, which accounts for tumor recurrence. Transcriptomic studies disclosed an enrichment of calcium (Ca2+) signaling transcripts in GSC. In non-excitable cells, store-operated channels (SOC) represent a major route of Ca2+ influx. As SOC regulate the self-renewal of adult neural stem cells that are possible cells of origin of GSC, we analyzed the roles of SOC in cultures of GSC previously derived from five different glioblastoma surgical specimens. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry experiments showed that GSC express Orai1 and TRPC1, two core SOC proteins, along with their activator STIM1. Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that SOC support Ca2+ entries in GSC. Pharmacological inhibition of SOC-dependent Ca2+ entries decreased proliferation, impaired self-renewal, and reduced expression of the stem cell marker SOX2 in GSC. Our data showing the ability of SOC inhibitors to impede GSC self-renewal paves the way for a strategy to target the cells considered responsible for conveying resistance to treatment and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Terrié
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Nadine Déliot
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Yassine Benzidane
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Thomas Harnois
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Laëtitia Cousin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - Patrick Bois
- EA 4379, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France;
| | - Lisa Oliver
- CRCINA-UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 01, 44007 Nantes, France; (L.O.); (F.V.)
| | - Patricia Arnault
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
| | - François Vallette
- CRCINA-UMR 1232 INSERM, Université de Nantes, CEDEX 01, 44007 Nantes, France; (L.O.); (F.V.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Bruno Constantin
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Valérie Coronas
- CNRS ERL 7003, Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, University of Poitiers, CEDEX 09, 86073 Poitiers, France; (E.T.); (N.D.); (Y.B.); (T.H.); (L.C.); (P.A.); (B.C.)
- CNRS GDR3697, Micronit “Microenvironment of Tumor Niches”, 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-49-45-36-55
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Malvaut S, Marymonchyk A, Gengatharan A, Saghatelyan A. Live imaging of adult neural stem cells in freely behaving mice using mini-endoscopes. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100596. [PMID: 34169290 PMCID: PMC8209737 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During adulthood, the activation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) has been mostly studied ex vivo in post-mortem tissues or in vivo in anesthetized animals. This protocol presents an approach that allows for the long-term and minimally invasive investigation of adult NSC activation and physiology in freely behaving animals. By combining specific NSC labeling and mini-endoscopic microscopy, live imaging of NSC division and Ca2+ activity can be performed continuously for 2–3 days and even up to several months. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Gengatharan et al. (2021). A protocol for mini-endoscopic imaging of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) Live imaging of NSCs activation in freely behaving mice In vivo mini-endoscopic imaging and analysis of Ca2+ dynamics in NSCs A protocol for labeling adult NSCs based on coincident activity of two promoters
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Archana Gengatharan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.,Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Hossain MF, Wang N, Chen R, Li S, Roy J, Uddin MG, Li Z, Lim LW, Song YQ. Exploring the multifunctional role of melatonin in regulating autophagy and sleep to mitigate Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101304. [PMID: 33610813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a neurohormone that is regulated by the circadian clock and plays multifunctional roles in numerous neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia and is associated with the degradation of axons and synapses resulting in memory loss and cognitive impairment. Despite extensive research, there is still no effective cure or specific treatment to prevent the progression of AD. The pathogenesis of AD involves atrophic alterations in the brain that also result in circadian alterations, sleep disruption, and autophagic dysfunction. In this scenario, MLT and autophagy play a central role in removing the misfolded protein aggregations. MLT also promotes autophagy through inhibiting methamphetamine toxicity to protect against neuronal cell death in AD brain. Besides, MLT plays critical roles as either a pro-autophagic indicator or anti-autophagic regulator depending on the phase of autophagy. MLT also has antioxidant properties that can counteract mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Aging, a major risk factor for AD, can change sleep patterns and sleep quality, and MLT can improve sleep quality through regulating sleep cycles. The primary purpose of this review is to explore the putative mechanisms of the beneficial effects of MLT in AD patients. Furthermore, we also summarize the findings from preclinical and clinical studies on the multifunctional roles of MLT on autophagic regulation, the control of the circadian clock-associated genes, and sleep regulation.
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Verkhratsky A, Dayanithi G. When day meets night: Subsiding calcium signalling translates daylight into new neurones. Cell Calcium 2021; 95:102385. [PMID: 33750576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Day/night cycle controls neurogenesis; melatonin released from pineal gland in darkness stimulates intracellular Ca2+ dynamics thus decreasing proliferation of neural stem cells. In the daylight intracellular Ca2+ activity subsides, which stimulates neural stem cells division and increases generation of newborn neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Govindan Dayanithi
- Molecular Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE-Sorbonne, INSERM, UMR-S1198, Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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