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Sankar P, Mishra BB. Early innate cell interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in protection and pathology of tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260859. [PMID: 37965344 PMCID: PMC10641450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, claiming the lives of up to 1.5 million individuals annually. TB is caused by the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which primarily infects innate immune cells in the lungs. These immune cells play a critical role in the host defense against Mtb infection, influencing the inflammatory environment in the lungs, and facilitating the development of adaptive immunity. However, Mtb exploits and manipulates innate immune cells, using them as favorable niche for replication. Unfortunately, our understanding of the early interactions between Mtb and innate effector cells remains limited. This review underscores the interactions between Mtb and various innate immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, NK cells, innate lymphocytes-iNKT and ILCs. In addition, the contribution of alveolar epithelial cell and endothelial cells that constitutes the mucosal barrier in TB immunity will be discussed. Gaining insights into the early cellular basis of immune reactions to Mtb infection is crucial for our understanding of Mtb resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms. We argue that a better understanding of the early host-pathogen interactions could inform on future vaccination approaches and devise intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bibhuti Bhusan Mishra
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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2
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Choe U, Pham Q, Kim YS, Yu L, Wang TTY. Identification and elucidation of cross talk between SLAM Family Member 7 (SLAMF7) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways in monocytes and macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11007. [PMID: 37420084 PMCID: PMC10329007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To further elucidate the expression, regulation and function of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) protein members in human monocytes and macrophages. Un-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cell (u-THP-1) and differentiated THP-1 macrophage (d-THP-1) were used as culture models in the study. Responses of cells to the differentiation agents phorbol ester (25 ng/ml) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) ligands were assessed. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to determine mRNA and protein level. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression levels and phagocytosis were used as functional markers. Data analyzed using t-test, one-way or two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test. SLAMFs were differentially expressed in THP-1 cells. Differentiation of u-THP-1 to d-THP-1 led to significantly higher SLAMF7 mRNA and protein levels than other SLAMF. In addition, TLR stimuli increased SLAMF7 mRNA expression but not protein expression. Importantly, SLAMF7 agonist antibody and TLR ligands synergistically increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, but had no effect on phagocytosis. SLAMF7 knocked-down in d-THP-1 significantly lowered TLR-induced mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory markers. SLAM family proteins are differentially regulated by differentiation and TLRs. SLAMF7 enhanced TLR-mediated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes and macrophages but not phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyory Choe
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Young S Kim
- Cancer Prevention Science Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liangli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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3
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Wang CJ, Pang CY, Huan-Yu, Cheng YF, Wang H, Deng BB, Huang HJ. Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio affects prognosis in LAA-type stroke patients. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10948. [PMID: 36247122 PMCID: PMC9561738 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the prognostic prediction of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is still challenging because of the limited predictive properties of existing models. Blood-based biomarkers may provide additional information to the established prognostic factors. Markers of atherosclerosis have been identified as one of the most promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis, and inflammation, in turn, affects atherosclerosis. According to previous studies, the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (MLR) has been reported as a novel indicator of inflammation. Thus, our study was the first to conduct more in-depth research on the relationship between MLR and the prognosis of large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)-type AIS patients. A total of 296 patients with LAA-type stroke were recruited. Of these, 202 patients were assigned to the development cohort, and 94 patients were assigned to the validation cohort. In the development cohort, 202 patients were divided into groups A, B, C, and D according to the quartile method of MLR levels. The one-year prognosis of patients was tracked, and the modified Rankin scale (MRS, with a score ranging from 0 to 6) was mainly selected as the measurement result of the function. The relationship between MLR and prognosis was analyzed by building logistics regression models. The models showed that MLR made significant predictions in poor outcomes of LAA-type stroke patients (odds ratio: 4.037; p = 0.048). At the same time, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive values between MLR and clinical prediction score (Barthel Index). This study demonstrated that patients with LAA-type stroke and high MLR had a poor prognosis. MLR might be a reliable, inexpensive, and novel predictor of LAA-type stroke prognosis.
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Resistin production does not affect outcomes in a mouse model of acute surgical sepsis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265241. [PMID: 35286340 PMCID: PMC8920279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of the strong correlation between the blood concentration of circulating resistin and the illness severity of septic patients, resistin has been proposed as a mediator of sepsis pathophysiology. In vitro data indicate that human resistin directly impairs neutrophil migration and intracellular bacterial killing, although the significance of these findings in vivo remain unclear. Objective The objectives of the present study were: (1) to validate the expression of human resistin in a clinically relevant, murine model of surgical sepsis, (2) to assess how sepsis-induced changes in resistin correlate with markers of infection and organ dysfunction, and (3) to investigate whether the expression of human resistin alters immune function or disease outcomes in vivo. Methods 107 male, C57BL/6 mice transgenic for the human resistin gene and its promoter elements (Retn+/−/−, or Retn+) were generated on a Retn−/− (mouse resistin knockout, or Rko) background. Outcomes were compared between age-matched transgenic and knockout mice. Acute sepsis was defined as the initial 24 h following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Physiologic and laboratory parameters correlating to the human Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score were measured in mice, and innate immune cell number/function in the blood and peritoneal cavity were assessed. Results CLP significantly increased circulating levels of human resistin. The severity of sepsis-induced leukopenia was comparable between Retn+ and Rko mice. Resistin was associated with increased production of neutrophil reactive oxygen species, a decrease in circulating neutrophils at 6 h and an increase in peritoneal Ly6Chi monocytes at 6 h and 24 h post-sepsis. However, intraperitoneal bacterial growth, organ dysfunction and mouse survival did not differ with resistin production in septic mice. Significance Ex vivo resistin-induced impairment of neutrophil function do not appear to translate to increased sepsis severity or poorer outcomes in vivo following CLP.
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The Outer Membrane Vesicles of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Activate Chicken Immune Cells through Lipopolysaccharides and Membrane Proteins. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030339. [PMID: 35335663 PMCID: PMC8948782 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a common pathogen which can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). However, the effect of OMVs from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) of poultry origin on cells of the chicken innate immune system is not well known. In this study, S. Typhimurium OMVs were first isolated from three different poultry strains of Salmonella, Salmonella CVCC542, SALA, and SALB. In order to investigate the effect of OMVs on the maturation of monocytes into macrophages, both bone marrow-derived (BMD) monocytes and macrophage cell line HD11 cells were used. OMVs promoted the formation of monocyte dendrites in both types of cells, enabled BMD cells to become larger, and stimulated expression of LPS-induced TNF-αfactor (LITAF), IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes in HD11 cells. These results demonstrated the capability of OMVs to promote the development of chicken monocytes into macrophages and the maturation of macrophages. In order to study the effect of OMVs on the phagocytosis of macrophages, chicken spleen-derived monocytes and HD11 cells were used. Phagocytosis of FITC-Salmonella and FITC-dextran by these two types of cells was enhanced after stimulation with OMVs. To determine which components in OMVs were responsible for the above observed results, OMVs were treated with proteinase K(PK) or polymyxin B (PMB). Both treatments reduced the phagocytosis of FITC-Salmonella by HD11 cells and chicken spleen mononuclear cells and reduced the secretion of IL-1β, LITAF, and IL-6 cytokines. These results demonstrated that Salmonella OMVs activated chicken macrophages and spleen mononuclear cells and the activation was achieved mainly through lipopolysaccharides and membrane proteins.
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Chan NR, Hwang B, Ratner BD, Bryers JD. Monocytes contribute to a pro-healing response in 40 μm diameter uniform-pore, precision-templated scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 16:297-310. [PMID: 34964563 DOI: 10.1002/term.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous precision-templated scaffolds (PTS) with uniformly distributed 40 μm spherical pores have shown a remarkable ability in immunomodulating resident cells for tissue regeneration. While the pore size mediated pro-healing response observed only in 40 μm pore PTS has been attributed to selective macrophage polarization, monocyte recruitment and phenotype have largely been uncharacterized in regulating implant outcome. Here, we employ a double transgenic mouse model for myeloid characterization and a multifaceted phenotyping approach to quantify monocyte dynamics within subcutaneously implanted PTS. Within 40 μm PTS, myeloid cells were found to preferentially infiltrate into the scaffold. Additionally, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), an innate activation marker, was significantly upregulated within 40 μm PTS. When 40 μm PTS were implanted in monocyte-depleted mice, the transcription of MARCO was significantly decreased and an increase in pro-inflammatory inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were observed. Typical of a foreign body response (FBR), 100 μm PTS significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory iNOS, secreted higher amounts of TNFα, and displayed a pore size dependent morphology compared to 40 μm PTS. Overall, these results identify a pore size dependent modulation of circulating monocytes and implicates MARCO expression as a defining subset of monocytes that appears to be responsible for regulating a pro-healing host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Chan
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Billanna Hwang
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Buddy D Ratner
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James D Bryers
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Chang Y, Li X, Cheng Q, Hu Y, Chen X, Hua X, Fan X, Tao M, Song J, Hu S. Single-cell transcriptomic identified HIF1A as a target for attenuating acute rejection after heart transplantation. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:64. [PMID: 34870762 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection (AR) is an important contributor to graft failure, which remains a leading cause of death after heart transplantation (HTX). The regulation of immune metabolism has become a new hotspot in the development of immunosuppressive drugs. In this study, Increased glucose metabolism of cardiac macrophages was found in patients with AR. To find new therapeutic targets of immune metabolism regulation for AR, CD45+ immune cells extracted from murine isografts, allografts, and untransplanted donor hearts were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing. Total 20 immune cell subtypes were identified among 46,040 cells. The function of immune cells in AR were illustrated simultaneously. Cardiac resident macrophages were substantially replaced by monocytes and proinflammatory macrophages during AR. Monocytes/macrophages in AR allograft were more active in antigen presentation and inflammatory recruitment ability, and glycolysis. Based on transcription factor regulation analysis, we found that the increase of glycolysis in monocytes/macrophages was mainly regulated by HIF1A. Inhibition of HIF1A could alleviate inflammatory cells infiltration in AR. To find out the effect of HIF1A on AR, CD45+ immune cells extracted from allografts after HIF1A inhibitor treatment were explored by single-cell RNA sequencing. HIF1A inhibitor could reduce the antigen presenting ability and pro-inflammatory ability of macrophages, and reduce the infiltration of Cd4+ and Cd8a+ T cells in AR. The expression of Hif1α in AR monocytes/macrophages was regulated by pyruvate kinase 2. Higher expression of HIF1A in macrophages was also detected in human hearts with AR. These indicated HIF1A may serve as a potential target for attenuating AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiangjie Li
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300371, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xuexin Fan
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Menghao Tao
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Shengshou Hu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.,The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
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Fu Y, Wang D, Wang S, Zhang Q, Liu H, Yang S, Xu Y, Ying B. Blockade of macrophage-associated programmed death 1 inhibits the pyroptosis signalling pathway in sepsis. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:993-1004. [PMID: 34382103 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and macrophages are the most intriguing candidates in sepsis-induced inflammatory disorders. We aimed to investigate the association between monocyte PD-1 and sepsis severity and the mechanism by which blocking macrophage-associated PD-1 causes inflammatory disorders in sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first measured whether the expression of PD-1 on the monocyte subset is clinically associated with sepsis severity in an observational study. This study included 42 septic patients and 16 healthy controls (HCs) whose serum inflammatory factors were examined by Luminex MagPix. Then, we investigated the effect of PD-1 blockade on macrophages from septic mice (C57BL/6 mice) constructed by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) via RNA sequencing. The positive genes screened by RNA-seq were verified in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of PD-1 on CD14+CD16+ monocytes (intermediate monocytes, IM Mo) was significantly higher in both septic and septic shock patients than in HCs. Further analysis of serum cytokines in septic patients showed that the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher than those in HCs, while serum PD-1 levels were decreased in septic patients. More interestingly, blockade of PD-1 on macrophages from septic mice suppressed the gene expression levels of NLRP3/Caspase-4/AKT2/STAT3. The protein levels associated with pyroptosis including NLRP3, Caspase4, GSDMD and NT-GSDMD were significantly decreased in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells treated with PD-1 antibody. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that intermediate monocytes with high expression of PD-1 may be involved in the progression of sepsis. PD-1 might play a critical role in regulating the pyroptosis signalling pathway in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Denian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanming Xu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Leishmania donovani Metacyclic Promastigotes Impair Phagosome Properties in Inflammatory Monocytes. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0000921. [PMID: 33875473 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00009-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a debilitating disease with clinical manifestations ranging from self-healing ulcers to life-threatening visceral pathologies, is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania genus. These professional vacuolar pathogens are transmitted by infected sand flies to mammalian hosts as metacyclic promastigotes and are rapidly internalized by various phagocyte populations. Classical monocytes are among the first myeloid cells to migrate to infection sites. Recent evidence shows that recruitment of these cells contributes to parasite burden and the establishment of chronic disease. However, the nature of Leishmania-inflammatory monocyte interactions during the early stages of host infection has not been well investigated. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of Leishmania donovani metacyclic promastigotes on antimicrobial responses within these cells. Our data showed that inflammatory monocytes are readily colonized by L. donovani metacyclic promastigotes, while infection with Escherichia coli is efficiently cleared. Upon internalization, metacyclic promastigotes inhibited superoxide production at the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) through a mechanism involving exclusion of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox from the PV membrane. Moreover, we observed that unlike phagosomes enclosing zymosan particles, vacuoles containing parasites acidify poorly. Interestingly, whereas the parasite surface coat virulence glycolipid lipophosphoglycan (LPG) was responsible for the inhibition of PV acidification, impairment of the NADPH oxidase assembly was independent of LPG and GP63. Collectively, these observations indicate that permissiveness of inflammatory monocytes to L. donovani may thus be related to the ability of this parasite to impair the microbicidal properties of phagosomes.
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Lu Y, Wu J, Gu W, Huang Z, Shu Z, Huang M, Chen J, Zhou M, Bai Y, Chen X, Xiao Y, Shen M, Luo D, Deng Q, Chai L, He M, Gong J, Yuan H, Xu Q, Cai J. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers phenotypic alterations in the monocytes in a Chinese population with chronic cadmium exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111881. [PMID: 33444878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is the most prevalent form of heavy metal contaminant globally and its exposure rises serious health concern. Chronic exposure to cadmium causes immune disturbances. However, few studies have addressed how it affects circulating immune cells, one of the most essential elements for the host defense system, at both population and molecular level. Therefore, this is the first single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the response of the human circulating immune system to plasma cadmium level. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in Hunan province, which has the highest level of cadmium land contamination in China. A total of 3283 individuals were eligible for analyzing the association between plasma cadmium levels and the monocyte counts and its subgroups. Another 780 individuals were assigned for validation. Thirty propensity-matched individuals without chronic disease from the lowest- and highest-quartile groups according to serum cadmium levels were selected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry analyses. Moreover, the monocyte phenotypic alterations in the heavy metal-exposed population were validated with a cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mouse model. RESULTS From August 2016 to July 2017, we conducted a cross-sectional study to identify phenotypic alterations in peripheral immune cells in cadmium polluted areas in China. Monocyte percentages were negatively associated with plasma cadmium levels in multivariable linear regression analysis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell scRNA-seq revealed that the CD14+ monocyte subset was dramatically reduced in the highest-quartile cadmium-exposed group. Moreover, we assessed different hallmarks of immune cell dysfunction-such as host defense capability, apoptotic signaling, cellular diversity and malignant gene expression in monocytes. Importantly, cadmium induced phenotypic alterations in the immune system were validated in the cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mouse model, in which chronic exposure to cadmium not only increased the death rate but also decreased monocyte numbers and the ability to clear bacterial infections. CONCLUSION This transcriptomic analysis provides molecular information about how the most important hallmarks of immune cell dysfunction are affected by plasma cadmium level. The significant phenotypic alterations in monocytes serving as early indicators of increased susceptibility to infectious and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Junru Wu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhihao Shu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Mengli Zhou
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qihong Deng
- Xiangya School of Public Health/School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, 932 Lushannan Road, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Aviation Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jicheng Gong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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Wooster AL, Girgis LH, Brazeale H, Anderson TS, Wood LM, Lowe DB. Dendritic cell vaccine therapy for colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105374. [PMID: 33348026 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States despite an array of available treatment options. Current standard-of-care interventions for this malignancy include surgical resection, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies depending on the disease stage. Specifically, infusion of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in combination with chemotherapy was an important development in improving the survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, while also helping give rise to other forms of anti-angiogenic therapies. Yet, one approach by which tumor angiogenesis may be further disrupted is through the administration of a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting tumor-derived blood vessels, leading to cytotoxic immune responses that decrease tumor growth and synergize with other systemic therapies. Early generations of such vaccines exhibited protection against various forms of cancer in pre-clinical models, but clinical results have historically been disappointing. Sipuleucel-T (Provenge®) was the first, and to-date, only dendritic cell-based therapy to receive FDA approval after significantly increasing overall survival in prostate cancer patients. The unparalleled success of Sipuleucel-T has helped revitalize the clinical development of dendritic cell vaccines, which will be examined in this review. We also highlight the promise of these vaccines to instill anti-angiogenic immunity for individuals with advanced colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wooster
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States
| | - Lydia H Girgis
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States
| | - Hayley Brazeale
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States
| | - Trevor S Anderson
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States
| | - Laurence M Wood
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States
| | - Devin B Lowe
- Department of Immunotherotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, United States.
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12
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Central and local controls of monocytopoiesis influence the outcome of Leishmania infection. Cytokine 2020; 147:155325. [PMID: 33039254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniases represent a complex of tropical and subtropical diseases caused by an intracellular protozoon of the genus Leishmania. The principal cells controlling the interaction between the host and the parasite Leishmania are monocytes and macrophages, as these cells play a decisive role in establishing the pathogenesis or cure. These cells are involved in controlling the growth of Leishmania and in modulating the adaptive immune responses. The heterogeneity and extensive plasticity of monocytes allow these cells to adjust their functional phenotypes in response to the pathogen-directed immunological cues. In Leishmania-infected host, the rate of myelopoiesis is augmented by enhanced monocytic lineage commitment and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells both in the BM and at the site of infection. These newly generated monocytes play as "safe haven" for the parasite and also as the antigen-presenting cells for T cells to cause deregulated cytokine production. This altered monocytopoiesis is characterized by tissue-specific immune responses, spatiotemporal dynamics of immunoregulation and functional heterogeneity. In the presence of Th1 cytokines, monocytes exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype that protects the host from Leishmania. By contrast, in an environment of Th2 cytokines, monocytes display anti-inflammatory phenotype with pro-parasitic functions. In this review, we summarize the involvement of cytokines in the regulation of monocytopoiesis and differentiation of macrophages during leishmanial infection. Understanding the role of cytokines in regulating interactions between Leishmania and the host monocytes is key to developing new therapeutic interventions against leishmaniases.
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13
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Androgen receptor signaling in the lungs mitigates inflammation and improves the outcome of influenza in mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008506. [PMID: 32645119 PMCID: PMC7373319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating androgens can modulate immune cell activity, but the impact of androgens on viral pathogenesis remains unclear. Previous data demonstrate that testosterone reduces the severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in male mice by mitigating pulmonary inflammation rather than by affecting viral replication. To examine the immune responses mediated by testosterone to mitigate IAV-induced inflammation, adult male mice remained gonadally intact or were gonadectomized and treated with either placebo or androgen-filled (i.e., testosterone or dihydrotestosterone) capsules prior to sublethal IAV infection. Like intact males, treatment of gonadectomized males with androgens improved the outcome of IAV infection, which was not mediated by changes in the control of virus replication or pulmonary cytokine activity. Instead, androgens accelerated pulmonary leukocyte contraction to limit inflammation. To identify which immune cells were contracting in response to androgens, the composition of pulmonary cellular infiltrates was analyzed and revealed that androgens specifically accelerated the contraction of total pulmonary inflammatory monocytes during peak disease, as well as CD8+ T cells, IAV-specific CD8+ T numbers, cytokine production and degranulation by IAV-specific CD8+ T cells, and the influx of eosinophils into the lungs following clearance of IAV. Neither depletion of eosinophils nor adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells could reverse the ability of testosterone to protect males against IAV suggesting these were secondary immunologic effects. The effects of testosterone on the contraction of immune cell numbers and activity were blocked by co-administration of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide and mimicked by treatment with dihydrotestosterone, which was also able to reduce the severity of IAV in female mice. These data suggest that androgen receptor signaling creates a local pulmonary environment that promotes downregulation of detrimental inflammatory immune responses to protect against prolonged influenza disease.
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14
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Methods in isolation and characterization of bovine monocytes and macrophages. Methods 2020; 186:22-41. [PMID: 32622986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages belong to the mononuclear phagocyte system and play important roles in both physiological and pathological processes. The cells belonging to the monocyte/macrophage system are structurally and functionally heterogeneous. Several subsets of monocytes have been previously identified in mammalian blood, generating different subpopulations of macrophages in tissues. Although their distribution and phenotype are similar to their human counterpart, bovine monocytes and macrophages feature differences in both functions and purification procedures. The specific roles that monocytes and macrophages fulfil in several important diseases of bovine species, including among the others tuberculosis and paratuberculosis, brucellosis or the disease related to peripartum, remain still partially elusive. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current knowledge of bovine monocytes and macrophages. We will describe methods for their purification and characterization of their major functions, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis and killing, oxidative burst, apoptosis and necrosis. An overview of the flow cytometry and morphological procedures, including cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry, that are currently utilized to describe monocyte and macrophage main populations and functions is presented as well.
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Abstract
It could be argued that we understand the immune response to infection with Listeria monocytogenes better than the immunity elicited by any other bacteria. L. monocytogenes are Gram-positive bacteria that are genetically tractable and easy to cultivate in vitro, and the mouse model of intravenous (i.v.) inoculation is highly reproducible. For these reasons, immunologists frequently use the mouse model of systemic listeriosis to dissect the mechanisms used by mammalian hosts to recognize and respond to infection. This article provides an overview of what we have learned over the past few decades and is divided into three sections: "Innate Immunity" describes how the host initially detects the presence of L. monocytogenes and characterizes the soluble and cellular responses that occur during the first few days postinfection; "Adaptive Immunity" discusses the exquisitely specific T cell response that mediates complete clearance of infection and immunological memory; "Use of Attenuated Listeria as a Vaccine Vector" highlights the ways that investigators have exploited our extensive knowledge of anti-Listeria immunity to develop cancer therapeutics.
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Changes in the Molecular and Functional Phenotype of Bovine Monocytes during Theileria parva Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00703-19. [PMID: 31570561 PMCID: PMC6867863 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00703-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-borne disease that kills over a million cattle each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Immune protection against T. parva involves a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to parasite-infected cells. However, there is currently a paucity of knowledge regarding the role played by innate immune cells in ECF pathogenesis and T. parva control. Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever (ECF), a tick-borne disease that kills over a million cattle each year in sub-Saharan Africa. Immune protection against T. parva involves a CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response to parasite-infected cells. However, there is currently a paucity of knowledge regarding the role played by innate immune cells in ECF pathogenesis and T. parva control. Here, we demonstrate an increase in intermediate monocytes (CD14++ CD16+) with a concomitant decrease in the classical (CD14++ CD16−) and nonclassical (CD14+ CD16+) subsets at 12 days postinfection (dpi) during lethal infection but not during nonlethal T. parva infection. Ex vivo analyses of monocytes demonstrated upregulation of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA and increased nitric oxide production during T. parva lethal infection compared to nonlethal infection at 10 dpi. Interestingly, no significant differences in peripheral blood parasite loads were observed between lethally and nonlethally infected animals at 12 dpi. In vitro stimulation with T. parva schizont-infected cells or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in significant upregulation of IL-1β production by monocytes from lethally infected cattle compared to those from nonlethally infected animals. Strikingly, monocytes from lethally infected animals produced significant amounts of IL-10 mRNA after stimulation with T. parva schizont-infected cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that T. parva infection leads to alterations in the molecular and functional phenotypes of bovine monocytes. Importantly, since these changes primarily occur in lethal infection, they can serve as biomarkers for ECF progression and severity, thereby aiding in the standardization of protection assessment for T. parva candidate vaccines.
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17
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Chistiakov DA, Kashirskikh DA, Khotina VA, Grechko AV, Orekhov AN. Immune-Inflammatory Responses in Atherosclerosis: The Role of Myeloid Cells. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111798. [PMID: 31717832 PMCID: PMC6912749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and can be caused by multiple agents, including increased concentration of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Areas of the arterial wall affected by atherosclerosis are enriched with lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Atherosclerotic plaques contain a variety of proinflammatory immune cells, such as macrophages, DCs, T cells, natural killer cells, neutrophils and others. Intracellular lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaque leads to formation of so-called foam cells, the cytoplasm of which is filled with lipid droplets. According to current understanding, these cells can also derive from the immune cells that engulf lipids by means of phagocytosis. Macrophages play a crucial role in the initial stages of atherogenesis by engulfing oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in the intima that leads to their transformation to foam cells. Dying macrophages inside the plaque form a necrotic core that further aggravates the lesion. Proinflammatory DCs prime differentiation of naïve T cells to proinflammatory Th1 and Th17 subsets. In this review, we discuss the roles of cell types of myeloid origin in atherosclerosis-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A. Chistiakov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (D.A.K.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kashirskikh
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (D.A.K.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Victoriya A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (D.A.K.); (V.A.K.)
| | - Andrey V. Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.C.); (D.A.K.); (V.A.K.)
- Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyrupa st. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-903-169-08-66
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Abstract
Arthropod-borne viral diseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) are major re-emerging public health problem worldwide. In spite of intense research, DENV pathogenesis is not fully understood and remains enigmatic; however, current evidence suggests that dengue progression is associated with an inflammatory response, mainly in patients suffering from a second DENV infection. Monocytes are one of the main target cells of DENV infection and play an important role in pathogenesis since they are known to produce several inflammatory cytokines that can lead to endothelial dysfunction and therefore vascular leak. In addition, monocytes play an important role in antibody dependent enhancement, infection with consequences in viral load and immune response. Despite the physiological functions of monocytes in immune response, their life span in the bloodstream is very short, and activation of monocytes by DENV infection can trigger different types of cell death. For example, DENV can induce apoptosis in monocytes related with the production of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Additionally, recent studies have shown that DENV-infected monocytes also exhibit a cell death process mediated by caspase-1 activation together with IL-1 production, referred to as pyroptosis. Taken together, the aforementioned studies strongly depict that multiple cell death pathways may be occurring in monocytes upon DENV-2 infection. This review provides insight into mechanisms of DENV-induced death of both monocytes and other cell types for a better understanding of this process. Further knowledge in cell death induced by DENV will help in the developing novel strategies to prevent disease progression.
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Kaneko Y, Cho T, Sato Y, Goto K, Yamamoto S, Goto S, Madaio MP, Narita I. Attenuated Macrophage Infiltration in Glomeruli of Aged Mice Resulting in Ameliorated Kidney Injury in Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1178-1186. [PMID: 29415117 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells have deleterious effects on the tissue microenvironment through proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotypes; meanwhile, the onset of glomerulonephritis is predominant in younger adults. To clarify the influence of aging on the onset and development of glomerulonephritis, we used a murine model of antibody-mediated nephritis. Sheep nephrotoxic serum was administered in C57BL/6J mice at 12 weeks (adult) or 18 months old (aged) after pre-immunization with sheep IgG. Depositions of sheep IgG and autologous mouse IgG along the glomerular basement membrane and the serum titer of anti-sheep IgG-specific mouse IgG were similar between adult and aged mice. However, kidney injury was depressed in aged mice, accompanied by reduced macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli. The mRNA expression of most chemokines involved in monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis was not different between adult and aged mice, but the cell surface expression of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 and CCR2 was down-regulated in the monocyte/macrophage lineage cells infiltrating the kidneys of aged nephritic mice. Furthermore, expression of all four isotypes of the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) was reduced in these cells. Both CCR and FcγR expression were down-regulated in monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, resulting in attenuated glomerular infiltration of these cells and impaired glomerular injury in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Kaneko
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Takamasa Cho
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamamoto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Shin Goto
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Michael P Madaio
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Clinical Nephrology and Rheumatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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20
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Yanan W, Wenyong Z, Ze L, Jingxia G, Lei M, Shengjie O, Bingjie Z, Xiaohu D, Weidong L, Guoyang L. Identification of genes and pathways in human antigen-presenting cell subsets in response to polio vaccine by bioinformatical analysis. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1729-1736. [PMID: 31187886 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polio eradication has been achieved in the world except for three countries due to the widespread use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the live-attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Following polio eradication, the IPV would be the only polio vaccine available. However, the mechanisms of the interactions between IPV and human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) remain largely unclear. METHODS To investigate the involvement of the IPV in human monocytes, we downloaded the gene chip GSE44721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the GEO2R analysis tool. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for DEGs using the Metascape database. DEG-associated protein-protein-interactions (PPIs) were established by the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes website and visualized by Cytoscape. RESULTS There were 240 DEGs (51 upregulated and 189 downregulated genes) identified from the GSE44721 data set, and they were significantly enriched in several biological processes, including antigen processing and presentation of lipid antigen via MHC class Ib, adaptive immune response, and response to interferon-gamma. One hundred thirty-six nodes were screened from the DEG PPI network. There were six significant hub proteins (WDR36, MRTO4, RPF2, PPAN, CD40, and BMS1) that regulated the IPV in human monocytes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, using bioinformatical analysis, we have information for the immunization activated by the IPV in monocytes. Moreover, hormones and cytokines regulate the activation of APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yanan
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhu Wenyong
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Ze
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Gao Jingxia
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ma Lei
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Ouyang Shengjie
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Bingjie
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Dai Xiaohu
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Li Weidong
- The Department of Production Administration, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Liao Guoyang
- The Fifth Department of Biological Products, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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21
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Percopo CM, Ma M, Brenner TA, Krumholz JO, Break TJ, Laky K, Rosenberg HF. Critical Adverse Impact of IL-6 in Acute Pneumovirus Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:871-882. [PMID: 30578308 PMCID: PMC6365009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe respiratory virus infections feature robust local host responses that contribute to disease severity. Immunomodulatory strategies that limit virus-induced inflammation may be of critical importance, notably in the absence of antiviral vaccines. In this study, we examined the role of the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 in acute infection with pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a natural rodent pathogen that is related to respiratory syncytial virus and that generates local inflammation as a feature of severe infection. In contrast to Influenza A, PVM is substantially less lethal in IL-6 -/- mice than it is in wild-type, a finding associated with diminished neutrophil recruitment and reduced fluid accumulation in lung tissue. Ly6Chi proinflammatory monocytes are recruited in response to PVM via a CCR2-dependent mechanism, but they are not a major source of IL-6 nor do they contribute to lethal sequelae of infection. By contrast, alveolar macrophages are readily infected with PVM in vivo; ablation of alveolar macrophages results in prolonged survival in association with a reduction in virus-induced IL-6. Finally, as shown previously, administration of immunobiotic Lactobacillus plantarum to the respiratory tracts of PVM-infected mice promoted survival in association with diminished levels of IL-6. We demonstrated in this study that IL-6 suppression is a critical feature of the protective mechanism; PVM-infected IL-6 -/- mice responded to low doses of L. plantarum, and administration of IL-6 overcame L. plantarum-mediated protection in PVM-infected wild-type mice. Taken together, these results connect the actions of IL-6 to PVM pathogenesis and suggest cytokine blockade as a potential therapeutic modality in severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Percopo
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Michelle Ma
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Todd A Brenner
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Julia O Krumholz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Timothy J Break
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Helene F Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
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22
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Kadel S, Kovats S. Sex Hormones Regulate Innate Immune Cells and Promote Sex Differences in Respiratory Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1653. [PMID: 30079065 PMCID: PMC6062604 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory virus infection are widely documented in humans and murine models and correlate with sex biases in numbers and/or functional responses of innate immune cells in homeostasis and lung infection. Similarly, changes in sex hormone levels upon puberty, pregnancy, and menopause/aging are associated with qualitative and quantitative differences in innate immunity. Immune cells express receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), androgens (AR), and progesterone (PR), and experimental manipulation of sex hormone levels or receptors has revealed that sex hormone receptor activity often underlies sex differences in immune cell numbers and/or functional responses in the respiratory tract. While elegant studies have defined mechanistic roles for sex hormones and receptors in innate immune cells, much remains to be learned about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of ER, PR, and AR in myeloid cells and innate lymphocytes to promote the initiation and resolution of antiviral immunity in the lung. Here, we review the literature on sex differences and sex hormone regulation in innate immune cells in the lung in homeostasis and upon respiratory virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana Kadel
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Susan Kovats
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Yuan Y, Wang H, Wu H, Ma H, Lian L, Lian Z. Dwarf chickens with low monocytes/macrophages phagocytic activity show low antibody titers but greater performance. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 193:79-89. [PMID: 29653827 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis has key roles in inflammatory responses. However, systematic research on the effects of monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis on production and reproductive performance in dwarf chickens is lacking. In this study, we developed the HCT-8-MTT method to detect monocytes/macrophages phagocytosis product (PP) which was accuracy, flexible, and saving time. Based on PP in 990 dwarf chickens (890 hens and 100 cocks), chickens were divided into high phagocytosis product group (HPPG) and low phagocytosis product group (LPPG). In production performance, chickens in LPPG have higher laying rate at 24 wk and 71 wk and higher average egg weight at 23 wk and 24 wk than in HPPG (P < 0.05). The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were higher in LPPG than in HPPG at 58 wk (P < 0.01). In the reproductive performance, the fertilization rate in LPPG was higher than that in HPPG at 45 wk, 49 wk, and 53 wk (P < 0.05). Chickens in LPPG have higher hatchability than HPPG at 45 wk and 49 wk (P < 0.05). In LPPG, the mRNA expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and CD9 in the follicle were higher than HPPG (P < 0.05). In the immune response, chickens with higher PP levels showed higher antibody titers for the avian influenza virus H9 inactivated vaccine (P < 0.01). Therefore, monocytes/macrophages PP was positively associated with antibody titers and negatively related to production and reproductive performance, and these findings have practical applications for the optimization of production in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ling Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhengxing Lian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road 2#, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kimball A, Schaller M, Joshi A, Davis FM, denDekker A, Boniakowski A, Bermick J, Obi A, Moore B, Henke PK, Kunkel SL, Gallagher KA. Ly6C Hi Blood Monocyte/Macrophage Drive Chronic Inflammation and Impair Wound Healing in Diabetes Mellitus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1102-1114. [PMID: 29496661 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wound monocyte-derived macrophage plasticity controls the initiation and resolution of inflammation that is critical for proper healing, however, in diabetes mellitus, the resolution of inflammation fails to occur. In diabetic wounds, the kinetics of blood monocyte recruitment and the mechanisms that control in vivo monocyte/macrophage differentiation remain unknown. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we characterized the kinetics and function of Ly6CHi [Lin- (CD3-CD19-NK1.1-Ter-119-) Ly6G-CD11b+] and Ly6CLo [Lin- (CD3-CD19-NK1.1-Ter-119-) Ly6G-CD11b+] monocyte/macrophage subsets in normal and diabetic wounds. Using flow-sorted tdTomato-labeled Ly6CHi monocyte/macrophages, we show Ly6CHi cells transition to a Ly6CLo phenotype in normal wounds, whereas in diabetic wounds, there is a late, second influx of Ly6CHi cells that fail transition to Ly6CLo. The second wave of Ly6CHi cells in diabetic wounds corresponded to a spike in MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and selective administration of anti-MCP-1 reversed the second Ly6CHi influx and improved wound healing. To examine the in vivo phenotype of wound monocyte/macrophages, RNA-seq-based transcriptome profiling was performed on flow-sorted Ly6CHi [Lin-Ly6G-CD11b+] and Ly6CLo [Lin-Ly6G-CD11b+] cells from normal and diabetic wounds. Gene transcriptome profiling of diabetic wound Ly6CHi cells demonstrated differences in proinflammatory and profibrotic genes compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data identify kinetic and functional differences in diabetic wound monocyte/macrophages and demonstrate that selective targeting of CD11b+Ly6CHi monocyte/macrophages is a viable therapeutic strategy for inflammation in diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kimball
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | | | - Amrita Joshi
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | - Frank M Davis
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | - Aaron denDekker
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | - Anna Boniakowski
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | | | - Andrea Obi
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | - Bethany Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (B.M.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Peter K Henke
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
| | | | - Katherine A Gallagher
- From the Department of Surgery (A.K., A.J., F.M.D., A.D., A.B., A.O., P.K.H., K.A.G.)
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25
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The Biology of Monocytes and Dendritic Cells: Contribution to HIV Pathogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10020065. [PMID: 29415518 PMCID: PMC5850372 DOI: 10.3390/v10020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (MΦ) are key components of the innate immune system contributing to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the development/resolution of immune responses to pathogens. Monocytes and DC, circulating in the blood or infiltrating various lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues, are derived from distinct bone marrow precursors and are typically short lived. Conversely, recent studies revealed that subsets of tissue resident MΦ are long-lived as they originate from embryonic/fetal precursors that have the ability to self-renew during the life of an individual. Pathogens such as the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) highjack the functions of myeloid cells for viral replication (e.g., MΦ) or distal dissemination and cell-to-cell transmission (e.g., DC). Although the long-term persistence of HIV reservoirs in CD4+ T-cells during viral suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is well documented, the ability of myeloid cells to harbor replication competent viral reservoirs is still a matter of debate. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the biology of monocytes and DC during homeostasis and in the context of HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of future studies on long-lived resident MΦ to HIV persistence in ART-treated patients.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Shahid
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Hussen J, Schuberth HJ. Heterogeneity of Bovine Peripheral Blood Monocytes. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1875. [PMID: 29312348 PMCID: PMC5742132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood monocytes of several species can be divided into different subpopulations with distinct phenotypic and functional properties. Herein, we aim at reviewing published work regarding the heterogeneity of the recently characterized bovine monocyte subsets. As the heterogeneity of human blood monocytes was widely studied and reviewed, this work focuses on comparing bovine monocyte subsets with their human counterparts regarding their phenotype, adhesion and migration properties, inflammatory and antimicrobial functions, and their ability to interact with neutrophilic granulocytes. In addition, the differentiation of monocyte subsets into functionally polarized macrophages is discussed. Regarding phenotype and distribution in blood, bovine monocyte subsets share similarities with their human counterparts. However, many functional differences exist between monocyte subsets from the two species. In contrast to their pro-inflammatory functions in human, bovine non-classical monocytes show the lowest phagocytosis and reactive oxygen species generation capacity, an absent ability to produce the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β after inflammasome activation, and do not have a role in the early recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed tissues. Classical and intermediate monocytes of both species also differ in their response toward major monocyte-attracting chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5) and neutrophil degranulation products (DGP) in vitro. Such differences between homologous monocyte subsets also extend to the development of monocyte-derived macrophages under the influence of chemokines like CCL5 and neutrophil DGP. Whereas the latter induce the differentiation of M1-polarized macrophages in human, bovine monocyte-derived macrophages develop a mixed M1/M2 macrophage phenotype. Although only a few bovine clinical trials analyzed the correlation between changes in monocyte composition and disease, they suggest that functional differences between human and bovine monocyte subsets are also reflected in their different clinical relevance for distinct diseases. In opposite to the human system, where higher blood cell number of non-classical monocytes was widely correlated with several human infectious and non-infectious diseases, higher counts of bovine intermediate monocytes are suggested as a potential biomarker for inflammatory responses postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Immunology Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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LeBel M, Egarnes B, Brunet A, Lacerte P, Paré A, Lacroix S, Brown JP, Gosselin J. Ly6C high monocytes facilitate transport of Murid herpesvirus 68 into inflamed joints of arthritic mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 48:250-257. [PMID: 28980305 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Viruses, particularly the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has long been suspected to exacerbate acute arthritic symptoms. However, the cell populations that contribute to import viruses into the inflamed tissues remain to be identified. In the present study, we have investigated the role of monocytes in the transport of Murid herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68), a mouse virus closely related to EBV, using the serum transfer-induced arthritis (STIA) model. We found compelling evidence that MHV-68 infection markedly increased disease severity in NR4A1-/- mice, which are deficient for Ly6Clow monocytes. In contrast, the MHV-68-induced enhancement of joint inflammation was lessened in CCR2-/- mice, suggesting the involvement of inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes in viral transport. We also observed that following selective depletion of monocyte subsets by administration of clodronate, MHV-68 transport into the synovium occurs only in the presence of Ly6Chigh monocytes. Tracking of adoptively transferred Ly6Chigh GFP infected monocytes into arthritic CCR2-/- mice by two-photon intravital microscopy showed that this monocyte subset has the capacity to deliver viruses to inflamed AR joints, as confirmed by the detection of viral DNA in inflamed tissues of recipient mice. We thus conclude that Ly6Chigh monocytes import MHV-68 when they are mobilized to the inflamed arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon LeBel
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Egarnes
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Brunet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Lacerte
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Paré
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques P Brown
- Division of Rheumatology, CHU de Québec - Université Laval (CHUL), Infectious and Immune Diseases, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Gosselin
- Laboratory of Innate Immunology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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29
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Chen H, Liu D, Guo L, Cheng X, Guo N, Shi M. Chronic psychological stress promotes lung metastatic colonization of circulating breast cancer cells by decorating a pre-metastatic niche through activating β-adrenergic signaling. J Pathol 2017; 244:49-60. [PMID: 28940209 DOI: 10.1002/path.4988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have indicated that primary tumors induce the formation of a pre-metastatic niche in distant organs by secreting tumor-derived factors. The present study shows that pre-exposure to chronic stress enhanced lung colonization efficiency by circulating tumor cells, suggesting that chronic stress critically influences pre-metastatic lungs before the arrival of disseminated tumor cells. Ablation of the sympathetic nerve function by 6-OHDA or blockage of the β-adrenergic signaling by propranolol remarkably suppressed stress-induced lung metastasis. Depletion of circulating monocytes or lung macrophages strongly abolished stress-induced lung seeding by tumor cells, whereas treatment of mice with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) during the pre-metastatic phase promoted the infiltration of macrophages to the lung. Meanwhile, the numbers of monocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were remarkably increased in response to ISO stimulation. These data indicate that the β-adrenergic signaling promotes lung metastatic colonization by tumor cells through increased output of monocytes in the pre-metastatic phase and infiltration of macrophages into the pre-metastatic lung. Mechanistic studies revealed that ISO stimulation upregulated the expression of CCL2 in pulmonary stromal cells and CCR2 in monocytes/macrophages, leading to the recruitment and infiltration of macrophages into the pre-metastatic lung. By inducing a response of monocytes/macrophages driven by the CCL2/CCR2 axis, stress-related catecholamine may act as a crucial factor in regulating the pre-metastatic niche for and lung colonization by tumor cells. Our data demonstrate that disturbance of host macro-environmental homeostasis has an influence on future metastatic organs. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ning Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ming Shi
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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30
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Blanco-Favela F, Espinosa-Luna JE, Chávez-Rueda AK, Madrid-Miller A, Chávez-Sánchez L. Effect of Native and Minimally Modified Low-density Lipoprotein on the Activation of Monocyte Subsets. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:432-440. [PMID: 29133194 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In atherosclerosis, monocytes are essential and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Human CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocytes produce different cytokines. The objective of this research was to determine the number of monocyte subsets positives to cytokines in response to native (nLDL) and minimally modified LDL (mmLDL). METHODS Human monocytes from healthy individuals were purified by negative selection and were stimulated with nLDL, mmLDL or LPS. Subsequently, human total monocytes were incubated with monoclonal antibodies specific for CD14 or both CD14 and CD16 to characterize total monocytes and monocyte subsets and with antibodies specific to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-IL-10. The number of cells positive for cytokines was determined and cells cultured with nLDL, mmLDL and LPS were compared with cells cultured only with culture medium. RESULTS We found that nLDL does not induce in the total monocyte population or in the three monocyte subsets positives to cytokines. MmLDL induced in total monocytes positives to TNF-α and IL-6 as well as in both CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ and in CD14++CD16+ monocytes, respectively. Moreover, total monocytes and the three monocyte subsets expressed few amounts of cells positives to IL-10 in response to mmLDL. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that nLDL did not induce cells positives to cytokines and that the CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16++ monocyte subsets could be the main sources of TNF-α and IL-6, respectively, in response to mmLDL, which promotes the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Blanco-Favela
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Esteban Espinosa-Luna
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adriana Karina Chávez-Rueda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandra Madrid-Miller
- Coordinación de Educación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Chávez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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31
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Schechter ME, Andrade BB, He T, Richter GH, Tosh KW, Policicchio BB, Singh A, Raehtz KD, Sheikh V, Ma D, Brocca-Cofano E, Apetrei C, Tracy R, Ribeiro RM, Sher A, Francischetti IMB, Pandrea I, Sereti I. Inflammatory monocytes expressing tissue factor drive SIV and HIV coagulopathy. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaam5441. [PMID: 28855397 PMCID: PMC5755598 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In HIV infection, persistent inflammation despite effective antiretroviral therapy is linked to increased risk of noninfectious chronic complications such as cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease. A better understanding of inflammatory and coagulation pathways in HIV infection is needed to optimize clinical care. Markers of monocyte activation and coagulation independently predict morbidity and mortality associated with non-AIDS events. We identified a specific subset of monocytes that express tissue factor (TF), persist after virological suppression, and trigger the coagulation cascade by activating factor X. This subset of monocytes expressing TF had a distinct gene signature with up-regulated innate immune markers and evidence of robust production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6, ex vivo and in vitro upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. We validated our findings in a nonhuman primate model, showing that TF-expressing inflammatory monocytes were associated with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-related coagulopathy in the progressive [pigtail macaques (PTMs)] but not in the nonpathogenic (African green monkeys) SIV infection model. Last, Ixolaris, an anticoagulant that inhibits the TF pathway, was tested and potently blocked functional TF activity in vitro in HIV and SIV infection without affecting monocyte responses to Toll-like receptor stimulation. Strikingly, in vivo treatment of SIV-infected PTMs with Ixolaris was associated with significant decreases in D-dimer and immune activation. These data suggest that TF-expressing monocytes are at the epicenter of inflammation and coagulation in chronic HIV and SIV infection and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E Schechter
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Instituto Brasileiro para a Investigação da Tuberculose, Fundação José Silveira, Salvador 40210-320, Brazil
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tianyu He
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - George Haret Richter
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kevin W Tosh
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Benjamin B Policicchio
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Amrit Singh
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin D Raehtz
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Virginia Sheikh
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dongying Ma
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Russel Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ruy M Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
- Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivo M B Francischetti
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Cambier CJ, O'Leary SM, O'Sullivan MP, Keane J, Ramakrishnan L. Phenolic Glycolipid Facilitates Mycobacterial Escape from Microbicidal Tissue-Resident Macrophages. Immunity 2017; 47:552-565.e4. [PMID: 28844797 PMCID: PMC5610147 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) enters the host in aerosol droplets deposited in lung alveoli, where the bacteria first encounter lung-resident alveolar macrophages. We studied the earliest mycobacterium-macrophage interactions in the optically transparent zebrafish. First-responding resident macrophages phagocytosed and eradicated infecting mycobacteria, suggesting that to establish a successful infection, mycobacteria must escape out of the initially infected resident macrophage into growth-permissive monocytes. We defined a critical role for mycobacterial membrane phenolic glycolipid (PGL) in engineering this transition. PGL activated the STING cytosolic sensing pathway in resident macrophages, inducing the production of the chemokine CCL2, which in turn recruited circulating CCR2+ monocytes toward infection. Transient fusion of infected macrophages with CCR2+ monocytes enabled bacterial transfer and subsequent dissemination, and interrupting this transfer so as to prolong mycobacterial sojourn in resident macrophages promoted clearing of infection. Human alveolar macrophages produced CCL2 in a PGL-dependent fashion following infection, arguing for the potential of PGL-blocking interventions or PGL-targeting vaccine strategies in the prevention of tuberculosis. Video Abstract
Microbicidal tissue-resident macrophages are first responders to mycobacteria Mycobacterial phenolic glycolipid induces macrophage CCL2 through STING activation CCL2 recruits mycobacterium-permissive monocytes to the tissue-resident macrophage Mycobacteria transfer from tissue macrophage to monocyte through a cell fusion event
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Cambier
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CT 94305, USA
| | - Seónadh M O'Leary
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mary P O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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TGF-β activation by bone marrow-derived thrombospondin-1 causes Schistosoma- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15494. [PMID: 28555642 PMCID: PMC5459967 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an obstructive disease of the precapillary pulmonary arteries. Schistosomiasis-associated PAH shares altered vascular TGF-β signalling with idiopathic, heritable and autoimmune-associated etiologies; moreover, TGF-β blockade can prevent experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pre-clinical models. TGF-β is regulated at the level of activation, but how TGF-β is activated in this disease is unknown. Here we show TGF-β activation by thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is both required and sufficient for the development of PH in Schistosoma-exposed mice. Following Schistosoma exposure, TSP-1 levels in the lung increase, via recruitment of circulating monocytes, while TSP-1 inhibition or knockout bone marrow prevents TGF-β activation and protects against PH development. TSP-1 blockade also prevents the PH in a second model, chronic hypoxia. Lastly, the plasma concentration of TSP-1 is significantly increased in subjects with scleroderma following PAH development. Targeting TSP-1-dependent activation of TGF-β could thus be a therapeutic approach in TGF-β-dependent vascular diseases. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) activates latent TGF-β in the extracellular matrix. Here the authors show that inappropriate activation of latent TGF-β in murine, bovine and human lung by monocyte-produced TSP-1 causes pulmonary hypertension, and that interference with the activation process prevents disease development.
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Karwaciak I, Gorzkiewicz M, Bartosz G, Pulaski L. TLR2 activation induces antioxidant defence in human monocyte-macrophage cell line models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54243-54264. [PMID: 28903338 PMCID: PMC5589577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When monocytes are recruited to inflammation/infection sites, extravasate and differentiate into macrophages, they encounter increasing levels of oxidative stress, both from exogenous and endogenous sources. In this study, we aimed to determine whether there are specific biochemical mechanisms responsible for an increase in oxidative stress resistance in differentiating macrophages. We performed experiments on in vitro cell line models of the monocyte-macrophage differentiation axis (less differentiated THP-1 cells and more differentiated Mono Mac 6 cells). At the same time, we verified the hypothesis that activating monocyte/macrophage innate immune response by pathogens (exemplified by stimulating the TLR2 pattern recognition receptor) would further strengthen cellular antioxidant defences. We found that resistance to exogenous oxidative stress increased substantially both during differentiation and upon activation of TLR2. This increase in antioxidant resistance was accompanied by decrease in free radical damage to cellular proteins. On the molecular level, this resistance was mediated especially by increased levels and activity of glutathione, glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes and Mn superoxide dismutase, as shown by gene expression assays, Western blotting and enzyme activity assays. Moreover, upon TLR2 activation additional molecular mechanisms came into play, conferring additional resistance levels even upon differentiated macrophage-like cells, mainly related to thioredoxin-linked antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Karwaciak
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Gorzkiewicz
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodz, Poland.,Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Lukasz Pulaski
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology PAS, Lodz, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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35
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Casson CN, Doerner JL, Copenhaver AM, Ramirez J, Holmgren AM, Boyer MA, Siddarthan IJ, Rouhanifard SH, Raj A, Shin S. Neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes collaborate in generating an optimal cytokine response that protects against pulmonary Legionella pneumophila infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006309. [PMID: 28384349 PMCID: PMC5404877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early responses mounted by both tissue-resident and recruited innate immune cells are essential for host defense against bacterial pathogens. In particular, both neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes are rapidly recruited to sites of infection. While neutrophils and monocytes produce bactericidal molecules, such as reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, both cell types are also capable of synthesizing overlapping sets of cytokines important for host defense. Whether neutrophils and monocytes perform redundant or non-redundant functions in the generation of anti-microbial cytokine responses remains elusive. Here, we sought to define the contributions of neutrophils and Ly6Chi monocytes to cytokine production and host defense during pulmonary infection with Legionella pneumophila, responsible for the severe pneumonia Legionnaires' disease. We found that both neutrophils and monocytes are critical for host defense against L. pneumophila. Both monocytes and neutrophils contribute to maximal IL-12 and IFNγ responses, and monocytes are also required for TNF production. Moreover, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and γδ T cells are sources of IFNγ, and monocytes direct IFNγ production by these cell types. Thus, neutrophils and monocytes cooperate in eliciting an optimal cytokine response that promotes effective control of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra N. Casson
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. Doerner
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alan M. Copenhaver
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jasmine Ramirez
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alicia M. Holmgren
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Boyer
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ingharan J. Siddarthan
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sara H. Rouhanifard
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Jones GS, D'Orazio SEF. Monocytes Are the Predominant Cell Type Associated with Listeria monocytogenes in the Gut, but They Do Not Serve as an Intracellular Growth Niche. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2796-2804. [PMID: 28213502 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
After foodborne transmission of the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, most of the bacterial burden in the gut is extracellular. However, we previously demonstrated that intracellular replication in an as yet unidentified cell type was essential for dissemination and systemic spread of L. monocytogenes In this article, we show that the vast majority of cell-associated L. monocytogenes in the gut were adhered to Ly6Chi monocytes, a cell type that inefficiently internalized L. monocytogenes With bone marrow-derived in vitro cultures, high multiplicity of infection or the use of opsonized bacteria enhanced uptake of L. monocytogenes in CD64- monocytes, but very few bacteria reached the cell cytosol. Surprisingly, monocytes that had upregulated CD64 expression in transition toward becoming macrophages fully supported intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes In contrast, inflammatory monocytes that had increased CD64 expression in the bone marrow of BALB/c/By/J mice prior to L. monocytogenes exposure in the gut did not support L. monocytogenes growth. Thus, contrary to the perception that L. monocytogenes can infect virtually all cell types, neither naive nor inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes served as a productive intracellular growth niche for L. monocytogenes. These results have broad implications for innate immune recognition of L. monocytogenes in the gut and highlight the need for additional studies on the interaction of extracellular, adherent L. monocytogenes with the unique subsets of myeloid-derived inflammatory cells that infiltrate sites of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Sarah E F D'Orazio
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536
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37
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Spaulding E, Fooksman D, Moore JM, Saidi A, Feintuch CM, Reizis B, Chorro L, Daily J, Lauvau G. STING-Licensed Macrophages Prime Type I IFN Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Bone Marrow during Severe Plasmodium yoelii Malaria. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005975. [PMID: 27792766 PMCID: PMC5085251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global health burden causing significant morbidity, yet the mechanisms underlying disease outcomes and protection are poorly understood. Herein, we analyzed the peripheral blood of a unique cohort of Malawian children with severe malaria, and performed a comprehensive overview of blood leukocytes and inflammatory mediators present in these patients. We reveal robust immune cell activation, notably of CD14+ inflammatory monocytes, NK cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) that is associated with very high inflammation. Using the Plasmodium yoelii 17X YM surrogate mouse model of lethal malaria, we report a comparable pattern of immune cell activation and inflammation and found that type I IFN represents a key checkpoint for disease outcomes. Compared to wild type mice, mice lacking the type I interferon (IFN) receptor exhibited a significant decrease in immune cell activation and inflammatory response, ultimately surviving the infection. We demonstrate that pDCs were the major producers of systemic type I IFN in the bone marrow and the blood of infected mice, via TLR7/MyD88-mediated recognition of Plasmodium parasites. This robust type I IFN production required priming of pDCs by CD169+ macrophages undergoing activation upon STING-mediated sensing of parasites in the bone marrow. pDCs and macrophages displayed prolonged interactions in this compartment in infected mice as visualized by intravital microscopy. Altogether our findings describe a novel mechanism of pDC activation in vivo and precise stepwise cell/cell interactions taking place during severe malaria that contribute to immune cell activation and inflammation, and subsequent disease outcomes. The Plasmodium parasite is the number one killer among human parasitic diseases worldwide. Protection is associated with length of exposure for people living in endemic areas, with severe disease primarily affecting young children. Inflammation is a key component in the pathophysiology in malaria, and disease severity has been linked to the degree of activation of the immune system. However, the underlying mechanisms of protection and disease outcomes remain poorly understood. We provide a comprehensive analysis of peripheral blood immune cells obtained from a cohort of children with severe malaria. Our results show heightened inflammation and immune cell activation, in particular for monocytes, natural killer cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). We have also utilized a mouse model of lethal malaria that recapitulates many features identified in this cohort of severe malaria patients to examine drivers of immune cell activation and inflammation. Our studies provide evidence that type I interferon (IFN) acts as an early switch in inducing a potent inflammatory response in the infected host. Type I IFN production is massively produced in the bone marrow and the blood of infected mice by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a subset of DCs. We also demonstrate that resident macrophages in the bone marrow, control type I IFN production by the pDCs. We define how both myeloid cells “sense” the parasite to initiate the host immune response and report a previously uncharacterized physical interaction between pDCs and macrophages in the bone marrow as visualized by intravital microscopy in vivo. Our results define cellular processes underlying the marked inflammation of severe malaria and could open novel therapeutic opportunities to improve outcomes in this important human infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Spaulding
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - David Fooksman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - Jamie M. Moore
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - Alex Saidi
- University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre Malaria Project, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Catherine M. Feintuch
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - Boris Reizis
- New York University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, New York, NY, United States Of America
| | - Laurent Chorro
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - Johanna Daily
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
| | - Grégoire Lauvau
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bronx, NY, United States Of America
- * E-mail:
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38
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Melton DW, Roberts AC, Wang H, Sarwar Z, Wetzel MD, Wells JT, Porter L, Berton MT, McManus LM, Shireman PK. Absence of CCR2 results in an inflammaging environment in young mice with age-independent impairments in muscle regeneration. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1011-1025. [PMID: 27531927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0316-104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires coordination between dynamic cellular populations and tissue microenvironments. Macrophages, recruited via CCR2, are essential for regeneration; however, the contribution of macrophages and the role of CCR2 on nonhematopoietic cells has not been defined. In addition, aging and sex interactions in regeneration and sarcopenia are unclear. Muscle regeneration was measured in young (3-6 mo), middle (11-15 mo), old (24-32 mo) male and female CCR2-/- mice. Whereas age-related muscle atrophy/sarcopenia was present, regenerated myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in CCR2-/- mice was comparably impaired across all ages and sexes, with increased adipocyte area compared with wild-type (WT) mice. CCR2-/- mice myofibers achieved approximately one third of baseline CSA even 84 d after injury. Regenerated CSA and clearance of necrotic tissue were dependent on bone marrow-derived cellular expression of CCR2. Myogenic progenitor cells isolated from WT and CCR2-/- mice exhibited comparable proliferation and differentiation capacity. The most striking cellular anomaly in injured muscle of CCR2-/- mice was markedly decreased macrophages, with a predominance of Ly6C- anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages. Ablation of proinflammatory TLR signaling did not affect muscle regeneration or resolution of necrosis. Of interest, many proinflammatory, proangiogenic, and chemotactic cytokines were markedly elevated in injured muscle of CCR2-/- relative to WT mice despite impairments in macrophage recruitment. Collectively, these results suggest that CCR2 on bone marrow-derived cells, likely macrophages, were essential to muscle regeneration independent of TLR signaling, aging, and sex. Decreased proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages actually promoted a proinflammatory microenvironment, which suggests that inflammaging was present in young CCR2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Melton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander C Roberts
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zaheer Sarwar
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael D Wetzel
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T Wells
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Laurel Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael T Berton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Linda M McManus
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paula K Shireman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA; .,Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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39
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Xiang GA, Zhang YD, Su CC, Ma YQ, Li YM, Zhou X, Wei LQ, Ji WJ. Dynamic changes of mononuclear phagocytes in circulating, pulmonary alveolar and interstitial compartments in a mouse model of experimental silicosis. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:393-402. [PMID: 27240636 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1188186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Silicosis is a devastating, irreversible lung fibrosis condition exposed to crystalline silica. The mononuclear phagocyte system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of silicosis. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to explore the dynamic changes of mononuclear phagocytes in circulating, pulmonary alveolar and interstitial compartments in experimental silicosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of lung fibrosis was developed with crystalline silica particles (2 mg/40 μL via oropharyngeal instillation) using male C57BL/6 mice, and were killed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The lung inflammation and fibrosis was investigated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunofluorescence. Circulating monocyte subsets (Ly6C(hi) and Ly6C(lo)), polarization state of BALF-derived alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) and lung interstitial macrophages (IMϕ, derived from enzymatically digested lung tissue) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of Ly6C(hi) monocytes significantly increased on day 1 after silica exposure, which reached the peak level from day 7 till day 28. Moreover, M2 (alternative activation) AMϕ (PI - CD64 + CD206+) was dramatically and progressively increased from day 1 to day 28. A parallel increase in IMϕ with M2 polarization (PI-CD64 + CD11b + CD206+) was also observed from day 1 to day 28. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a dynamic view of mononuclear phagocyte change in three compartments after silica challenge, which highlights the remodeling of mononuclear phagocyte system as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-An Xiang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Cheng-Cheng Su
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Xin Zhou
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Wen-Jie Ji
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and.,b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
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40
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The spleen as an extramedullary source of inflammatory cells responding to acetaminophen-induced liver injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:110-20. [PMID: 27163765 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have been shown to play a role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity, contributing to both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. In these studies, we analyzed the role of the spleen as an extramedullary source of hepatic macrophages. APAP administration (300mg/kg, i.p.) to control mice resulted in an increase in CD11b(+) infiltrating Ly6G(+) granulocytic and Ly6G(-) monocytic cells in the spleen and the liver. The majority of the Ly6G(+) cells were also positive for the monocyte/macrophage activation marker, Ly6C, suggesting a myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC) phenotype. By comparison, Ly6G(-) cells consisted of 3 subpopulations expressing high, intermediate, and low levels of Ly6C. Splenectomy was associated with increases in mature (F4/80(+)) and immature (F4/80(-)) pro-inflammatory Ly6C(hi) macrophages and mature anti-inflammatory (Ly6C(lo)) macrophages in the liver after APAP; increases in MDSCs were also noted in the livers of splenectomized (SPX) mice after APAP. This was associated with increases in APAP-induced expression of chemokine receptors regulating pro-inflammatory (CCR2) and anti-inflammatory (CX3CR1) macrophage trafficking. In contrast, APAP-induced increases in pro-inflammatory galectin-3(+) macrophages were blunted in livers of SPX mice relative to control mice, along with hepatic expression of TNF-α, as well as the anti-inflammatory macrophage markers, FIZZ-1 and YM-1. These data demonstrate that multiple subpopulations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cells respond to APAP-induced injury, and that these cells originate from distinct hematopoietic reservoirs.
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41
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Franklin RA, Li MO. Ontogeny of Tumor-associated Macrophages and Its Implication in Cancer Regulation. Trends Cancer 2016; 2:20-34. [PMID: 26949745 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells with evolutionarily conserved functions in tissue maintenance and host defense. As such, macrophages are among the first hematopoietic cells that seed developing tissues, and respond to inflammatory insults by in situ proliferation or de novo differentiation from monocytes. Recent studies have revealed that monocyte-derived tumor-induced macrophages represent a major tumor-associated macrophage population, which can further expand following their differentiation in tumors. Compared to tissue-resident tumor-associated macrophages, these newly differentiated cells are phenotypically distinct, and likely play a unique role in tissue dysregulation and immune modulation in cancer. These findings imply that tumor growth elicits a specific innate immune response. In this review, we explore the different routes of macrophage seeding and maintenance in tissues during steady state and inflammation and how these principles underlie the responses observed during tumor development. In addition, we highlight the relationship between the origin and function of macrophages in different settings and how this knowledge may be used to create new opportunities for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Franklin
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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42
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Ivanova EA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Intimal pericytes as the second line of immune defence in atherosclerosis. World J Cardiol 2015; 7:583-93. [PMID: 26516412 PMCID: PMC4620069 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i10.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. The initiation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques is accompanied by recruitment of inflammatory and precursor cells from the bloodstream and their differentiation towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes. This process is orchestrated by the production of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Human arterial intima consists of structurally distinct leaflets, with a proteoglycan-rich layer lying immediately below the endothelial lining. Recent studies reveal the important role of stellate pericyte-like cells (intimal pericytes) populating the proteoglycan-rich layer in the development of atherosclerosis. During the pathologic process, intimal pericytes may participate in the recruitment of inflammatory cells by producing signalling molecules and play a role in the antigen presentation. Intimal pericytes are also involved in lipid accumulation and the formation of foam cells. This review focuses on the role of pericyte-like cells in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Ivanova
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Ekaterina A Ivanova, Department of Development and Regeneration, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuve, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Mei S, Liu Y, Wu X, He Q, Min S, Li L, Zhang Y, Yang R. TNF-α-mediated microRNA-136 induces differentiation of myeloid cells by targeting NFIA. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:301-10. [PMID: 26329426 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a0115-032rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell-lineage specification and function are influenced by progenitor origin and environmental factors. The mechanism of differentiation of immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, in inflammatory environments has not been elucidated completely. In this study, we have identified human microRNA-136 as a positive regulator of the differentiation of granulocytes and monocytes. Ectopic microRNA-136 induced cells to express higher levels of CD11b, CD14, and C/EBPε, secrete more cytokines, and synthesize higher levels of reactive oxygen species and H(2)O(2). microRNA-136 was shown to target and degrade multiple differentiation-associated molecules, such as the transcription factor NFIA, which induced the release of another microRNA, microRNA-223, with the ability to promote CD11b expression. Furthermore, microRNA-136 expression was remarkably increased by TNF-α, which activated NF-κB to bind to the DNA-promoter region controlling microRNA-136 expression. Additionally, TNF-α may alter NFIA expression through its modulation of microRNA-136 expression. Thus, TNF-α-mediated microRNA-136 may play a critical role in the generation and differentiation of inflammatory immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Mei
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wu
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingsheng He
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Siping Min
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ling Li
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- *Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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44
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Bowyer JF, Tranter KM, Hanig JP, Crabtree NM, Schleimer RP, George NI. Evaluating the Stability of RNA-Seq Transcriptome Profiles and Drug-Induced Immune-Related Expression Changes in Whole Blood. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133315. [PMID: 26177368 PMCID: PMC4503719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods were developed to evaluate the stability of rat whole blood expression obtained from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and assess changes in whole blood transcriptome profiles in experiments replicated over time. Expression was measured in globin-depleted RNA extracted from the whole blood of Sprague-Dawley rats, given either saline (control) or neurotoxic doses of amphetamine (AMPH). The experiment was repeated four times (paired control and AMPH groups) over a 2-year span. The transcriptome of the control and AMPH-treated groups was evaluated on: 1) transcript levels for ribosomal protein subunits; 2) relative expression of immune-related genes; 3) stability of the control transcriptome over 2 years; and 4) stability of the effects of AMPH on immune-related genes over 2 years. All, except one, of the 70 genes that encode the 80s ribosome had levels that ranked in the top 5% of all mean expression levels. Deviations in sequencing performance led to significant changes in the ribosomal transcripts. The overall expression profile of immune-related genes and genes specific to monocytes, T-cells or B-cells were well represented and consistent within treatment groups. There were no differences between the levels of ribosomal transcripts in time-matched control and AMPH groups but significant differences in the expression of immune-related genes between control and AMPH groups. AMPH significantly increased expression of some genes related to monocytes but down-regulated those specific to T-cells. These changes were partially due to changes in the two types of leukocytes present in blood, which indicate an activation of the innate immune system by AMPH. Thus, the stability of RNA-seq whole blood transcriptome can be verified by assessing ribosomal protein subunits and immune-related gene expression. Such stability enables the pooling of samples from replicate experiments to carry out differential expression analysis with acceptable power.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Bowyer
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen M. Tranter
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Hanig
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel M. Crabtree
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Robert P. Schleimer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Nysia I. George
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, United States of America
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Characteristic repartition of monocyte subsets as a diagnostic signature of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 2015; 125:3618-26. [PMID: 25852055 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-620781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a myelodysplastic syndrome/ myeloproliferative neoplasm whose diagnosis is currently based on the elevation of peripheral blood monocytes to >1 × 10(9)/L, measured for ≥3 months. Diagnosis can be ambiguous; for example, with prefibrotic myelofibrosis or reactive monocytosis. We set up a multiparameter flow cytometry assay to distinguish CD14(+)/CD16(-) classical from CD14(+)/CD16(+) intermediate and CD14(low)/CD16(+) nonclassical monocyte subsets in peripheral blood mononucleated cells and in total blood samples. Compared with healthy donors and patients with reactive monocytosis or another hematologic malignancy, CMML patients demonstrate a characteristic increase in the fraction of CD14(+)/CD16(-) cells (cutoff value, 94.0%). The associated specificity and sensitivity values were 95.1% and 90.6% in the learning cohort (175 samples) and 94.1% and 91.9% in the validation cohort (307 samples), respectively. The accumulation of classical monocytes, which demonstrate a distinct gene expression pattern, is independent of the mutational background. Importantly, this increase disappears in patients who respond to hypomethylating agents. We conclude that an increase in the fraction of classical monocytes to >94.0% of total monocytes is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic marker that rapidly and accurately distinguishes CMML from confounding diagnoses.
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Höchst B, Mikulec J, Baccega T, Metzger C, Welz M, Peusquens J, Tacke F, Knolle P, Kurts C, Diehl L, Ludwig-Portugall I. Differential induction of Ly6G and Ly6C positive myeloid derived suppressor cells in chronic kidney and liver inflammation and fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119662. [PMID: 25738302 PMCID: PMC4349817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are known to be very potent suppressors of T cell immunity and can be further stratified into granulocytic MDSC and monocytic MDSC in mice based on expression of Ly6G or Ly6C, respectively. Here, using these markers and functional assays, we aimed to identify whether MDSC are induced during chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis in both kidney and liver and whether additional markers could more specifically identify these MDSC subsets. In an adenine-induced model of kidney inflammation/fibrosis suppressive Ly6Gpos MDSC were induced. The suppressive function within the Ly6G+ MDSC population was exclusively present in IFNγRβ expressing cells. In contrast, in chronic inflammation in the liver induced by bile duct ligation, suppressive capacity was exclusively present in the Ly6Cpos MDSC subset. Gene expression analyses confirmed the differential origins and regulation of those MDSC subsets. Additionally, depletion of MDSC in either kidney or liver fibrosis enhanced fibrosis markers, indicating a protective role for MDSC in organ fibrosis. Thus, our data demonstrate that during liver inflammation and kidney fibrosis MDSC with similar function arise bearing a distinct marker profile and arising from different cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Höchst
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julita Mikulec
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tania Baccega
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Meike Welz
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Peusquens
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (LD); (ILP)
| | - Isis Ludwig-Portugall
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (LD); (ILP)
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