1
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Brewer A, Zhao JF, Fasimoye R, Shpiro N, Macartney TJ, Wood NT, Wightman M, Alessi DR, Sapkota GP. Targeted dephosphorylation of SMAD3 as an approach to impede TGF-β signaling. iScience 2024; 27:110423. [PMID: 39104417 PMCID: PMC11298613 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) signaling is involved in a myriad of cellular processes and its dysregulation has been implicated in many human diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. TGF-β transcriptional responses are controlled by tail phosphorylation of transcription factors SMAD2 and SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3). Therefore, targeted dephosphorylation of phospho-SMAD3 could provide an innovative mechanism to block some TGF-β-induced transcriptional responses, such as the transcription of SERPINE-1, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1). Here, by developing and employing a bifunctional molecule, BDPIC (bromoTAG-dTAG proximity-inducing chimera), we redirected multiple phosphatases, tagged with bromoTAG, to dephosphorylate phospho-SMAD3, tagged with dTAG. Using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we generated homozygous double knock-in A549 bromoTAG/bromoTAG PPM1H/ dTAG/dTAG SMAD3 cells, in which the BDPIC-induced proximity between bromoTAG-PPM1H and dTAG-SMAD3 led to a robust dephosphorylation of dTAG-SMAD3 and a significant decrease in SERPINE-1 transcription. Our work demonstrates targeted dephosphorylation of phospho-proteins as an exciting modality for rewiring cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Brewer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rotimi Fasimoye
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Natalia Shpiro
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Thomas J. Macartney
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola T. Wood
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Melanie Wightman
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Dario R. Alessi
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Gopal P. Sapkota
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Protein Phosphorylation & Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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2
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Němec V, Remeš M, Beňovský P, Böck MC, Šranková E, Wong JF, Cros J, Williams E, Tse LH, Smil D, Ensan D, Isaac MB, Al-Awar R, Gomolková R, Ursachi VC, Fafílek B, Kahounová Z, Víchová R, Vacek O, Berger BT, Wells CI, Corona CR, Vasta JD, Robers MB, Krejci P, Souček K, Bullock AN, Knapp S, Paruch K. Discovery of Two Highly Selective Structurally Orthogonal Chemical Probes for Activin Receptor-like Kinases 1 and 2. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39023313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Activin receptor-like kinases 1-7 (ALK1-7) regulate a complex network of SMAD-independent as well as SMAD-dependent signaling pathways. One of the widely used inhibitors for functional investigations of these processes, in particular for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, is LDN-193189. However, LDN-193189 has insufficient kinome-wide selectivity complicating its use in cellular target validation assays. Herein, we report the identification and comprehensive characterization of two chemically distinct highly selective inhibitors of ALK1 and ALK2, M4K2234 and MU1700, along with their negative controls. We show that both MU1700 and M4K2234 efficiently block the BMP pathway via selective in cellulo inhibition of ALK1/2 kinases and exhibit favorable in vivo profiles in mice. MU1700 is highly brain penetrant and shows remarkably high accumulation in the brain. These high-quality orthogonal chemical probes offer the selectivity required to become widely used tools for in vitro and in vivo investigation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Němec
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Remeš
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Beňovský
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michael C Böck
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Šranková
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jong Fu Wong
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Julien Cros
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Lap Hang Tse
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - David Smil
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Deeba Ensan
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Methvin B Isaac
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Regina Gomolková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vlad-Constantin Ursachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafílek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kahounová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ráchel Víchová
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vacek
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Carrow I Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cesear R Corona
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, United States
| | - James D Vasta
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, United States
| | | | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, U.K
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Horvat Mercnik M, Schliefsteiner C, Sanchez-Duffhues G, Wadsack C. TGFβ signalling: a nexus between inflammation, placental health and preeclampsia throughout pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2024; 30:442-471. [PMID: 38519450 PMCID: PMC11215164 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is a unique and pivotal organ in reproduction, controlling crucial growth and cell differentiation processes that ensure a successful pregnancy. Placental development is a tightly regulated and dynamic process, in which the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily plays a central role. This family of pleiotropic growth factors is heavily involved in regulating various aspects of reproductive biology, particularly in trophoblast differentiation during the first trimester of pregnancy. TGFβ signalling precisely regulates trophoblast invasion and the cell transition from cytotrophoblasts to extravillous trophoblasts, which is an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like process. Later in pregnancy, TGFβ signalling ensures proper vascularization and angiogenesis in placental endothelial cells. Beyond its role in trophoblasts and endothelial cells, TGFβ signalling contributes to the polarization and function of placental and decidual macrophages by promoting maternal tolerance of the semi-allogeneic foetus. Disturbances in early placental development have been associated with several pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE) which is one of the severe complications. Emerging evidence suggests that TGFβ is involved in the pathogenesis of PE, thereby offering a potential target for intervention in the human placenta. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This comprehensive review aims to explore and elucidate the roles of the major members of the TGFβ superfamily, including TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), activins, inhibins, nodals, and growth differentiation factors (GDFs), in the context of placental development and function. The review focusses on their interactions within the major cell types of the placenta, namely trophoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, in both normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by PE throughout pregnancy. SEARCH METHODS A literature search was carried out using PubMed and Google Scholar, searching terms: 'TGF signalling preeclampsia', 'pregnancy TGF signalling', 'preeclampsia tgfβ', 'preeclampsia bmp', 'preeclampsia gdf', 'preeclampsia activin', 'endoglin preeclampsia', 'endoglin pregnancy', 'tgfβ signalling pregnancy', 'bmp signalling pregnancy', 'gdf signalling pregnancy', 'activin signalling pregnancy', 'Hofbauer cell tgfβ signalling', 'placental macrophages tgfβ', 'endothelial cells tgfβ', 'endothelium tgfβ signalling', 'trophoblast invasion tgfβ signalling', 'trophoblast invasion Smad', 'trophoblast invasion bmp', 'trophoblast invasion tgfβ', 'tgfβ preeclampsia', 'tgfβ placental development', 'TGFβ placental function', 'endothelial dysfunction preeclampsia tgfβ signalling', 'vascular remodelling placenta TGFβ', 'inflammation pregnancy tgfβ', 'immune response pregnancy tgfβ', 'immune tolerance pregnancy tgfβ', 'TGFβ pregnancy NK cells', 'bmp pregnancy NK cells', 'bmp pregnancy tregs', 'tgfβ pregnancy tregs', 'TGFβ placenta NK cells', 'TGFβ placenta tregs', 'NK cells preeclampsia', 'Tregs preeclampsia'. Only articles published in English until 2023 were used. OUTCOMES A comprehensive understanding of TGFβ signalling and its role in regulating interconnected cell functions of the main placental cell types provides valuable insights into the processes essential for successful placental development and growth of the foetus during pregnancy. By orchestrating trophoblast invasion, vascularization, immune tolerance, and tissue remodelling, TGFβ ligands contribute to the proper functioning of a healthy maternal-foetal interface. However, dysregulation of TGFβ signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PE, where the shallow trophoblast invasion, defective vascular remodelling, decreased uteroplacental perfusion, and endothelial cell and immune dysfunction observed in PE, are all affected by an altered TGFβ signalling. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The dysregulation of TGFβ signalling in PE has important implications for research and clinical practice. Further investigation is required to understand the underlying mechanisms, including the role of different ligands and their regulation under pathophysiological conditions, in order to discover new therapeutic targets. Distinguishing between clinically manifested subtypes of PE and studying TGFβ signalling in different placental cell types holistically is an important first step. To put this knowledge into practice, pre-clinical animal models combined with new technologies are needed. This may also lead to improved human research models and identify potential therapeutic targets, ultimately improving outcomes for affected pregnancies and reducing the burden of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), Tissue-Specific BMP Signalling ISPA-HUCA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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4
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Kruger RE, Frum T, Brumm AS, Hickey SL, Niakan KK, Aziz F, Shammami MA, Roberts JG, Ralston A. Smad4 is essential for epiblast scaling and morphogenesis after implantation, but nonessential before implantation. Development 2024; 151:dev202377. [PMID: 38752427 PMCID: PMC11190579 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling plays an essential and highly conserved role in embryo axial patterning in animal species. However, in mammalian embryos, which develop inside the mother, early development includes a preimplantation stage, which does not occur in externally developing embryos. During preimplantation, the epiblast is segregated from extra-embryonic lineages that enable implantation and development in utero. Yet, the requirement for BMP signaling is imprecisely defined in mouse early embryos. Here, we show that, in contrast to previous reports, BMP signaling (SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation) is not detectable until implantation when it is detected in the primitive endoderm - an extra-embryonic lineage. Moreover, preimplantation development appears to be normal following deletion of maternal and zygotic Smad4, an essential effector of canonical BMP signaling. In fact, mice lacking maternal Smad4 are viable. Finally, we uncover a new requirement for zygotic Smad4 in epiblast scaling and cavitation immediately after implantation, via a mechanism involving FGFR/ERK attenuation. Altogether, our results demonstrate no role for BMP4/SMAD4 in the first lineage decisions during mouse development. Rather, multi-pathway signaling among embryonic and extra-embryonic cell types drives epiblast morphogenesis postimplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin E. Kruger
- Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Training Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A. Sophie Brumm
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute,London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stephanie L. Hickey
- Research Technology Support Facility, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kathy K. Niakan
- Human Embryo and Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute,London NW1 1AT, UK
- The Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Wellcome Trust – Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Farina Aziz
- Cell and Molecular Biology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marcelio A. Shammami
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Training Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jada G. Roberts
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Ph.D. Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Amy Ralston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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5
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Liu K, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wu Y, Lian P, Ma Z, Tang Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhai H, Zhang L, Xu Y, Cao X. AMPK-mediated autophagy pathway activation promotes ΔFosB degradation to improve levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Cell Signal 2024; 118:111125. [PMID: 38432574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease patients on chronic levodopa often suffer from motor complications, which tend to reduce their quality of life. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is one of the most prevalent motor complications, often characterized by abnormal involuntary movements, and the pathogenesis of LID is still unclear but recent studies have suggested the involvement of autophagy. METHODS The onset of LID was mimicked by chronic levodopa treatment in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) -lesion rat model. Overexpression of ΔFosB in HEK293 cells to mimic the state of ΔFosB accumulation. The modulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated autophagy pathway using by metformin, AICAR (an AMPK activator), Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) and chloroquine (an autophagy pathway inhibitor). The severity of LID was assessed by axial, limb, and orofacial (ALO) abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) score and in vivo electrophysiology. The activity of AMPK pathway as well as autophagy markers and FosB-ΔFosB levels were detected by western blotting. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the transcription level of FosB-ΔFosB. The mechanism of autophagy dysfunction was further explored by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS In vivo experiments demonstrated that chronic levodopa treatment reduced AMPK phosphorylation, impaired autophagosome-lysosomal fusion and caused FosB-ΔFosB accumulation in the striatum of PD rats. Long-term metformin intervention improved ALO AIMs scores as well as reduced the mean power of high gamma (hγ) oscillations and the proportion of striatal projection neurons unstable in response to dopamine for LID rats. Moreover, the intervention of metformin promoted AMPK phosphorylation, ameliorated the impairment of autophagosome-lysosomal fusion, thus, promoting FosB-ΔFosB degradation to attenuate its accumulation in the striatum of LID rats. However, the aforementioned roles of metformin were reversed by Compound C and chloroquine. The results of in vitro studies demonstrated the ability of metformin and AICAR to attenuate ΔFosB levels by promoting its degradation, while Compound C and chloroquine could block this effect. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term metformin treatment could promote ΔFosB degradation and thus attenuate the development of LID through activating the AMPK-mediated autophagy pathway. Overall, our results support the AMPK-mediated autophagy pathway as a novel therapeutic target for LID and also indicate that metformin is a promising therapeutic candidate for LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Piaopiao Lian
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoman Yang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xuebing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Li XP, Cao LQ, Yu ZZ, He K, Ding PB, Li JS, Shan YY, Su YB, Yuan ZM, Shi Z. Dorsomorphin attenuates ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1393693. [PMID: 38855753 PMCID: PMC11157230 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1393693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor with high mortality, for which chemotherapy resistance is one of the main reasons. The high expression of ABCG2 in the cancer cells and expulsion of anticancer drugs directly cause multidrug resistance (MDR). Therefore, the development of new ABCG2 inhibitors that block the active causes of MDR may provide a strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. In this study, we find that dorsomorphin (also known as compound C or BML-275) potently inhibits the transporter activity of ABCG2, thereby preserving the chemotherapeutic agents mitoxantrone and doxorubicin to antagonize MDR in ABCG2-overexpressing colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, dorsomorphin does not alter ABCG2 protein expression. The results of molecular docking studies show that dorsomorphin is bound stably to the ABCG2-binding pocket, suggesting that dorsomorphin is a potent ABCG2 inhibitor that attenuates ABCG2-mediated MDR in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Li
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-Qi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neuroscience, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Zhong Yu
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke He
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Bo Ding
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Yao Shan
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Bin Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Min Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Cancer Minimally Invasive Therapies Centre, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Provincial Biotechnology and Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Genomic Medicine Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Park Y, Kim C, Park YI, Lee S, So J, Park R, Park J. Compound C inhibits the replication of feline coronavirus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27641. [PMID: 38500971 PMCID: PMC10945263 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) is a viral pathogen of cats and a highly contagious virus. Cats in a cattery can be infected by up to 100%, and even household cats are infected by 20-60%. Some strains of FCoV are known to induce a fatal disease in cats named Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP). However, no effective treatments are available. We demonstrated that compound C (dorsomorphin) can potentially inhibit feline coronavirus replication. Compound C treatment decreased the FCoV-induced plaque formation and cytopathic effect in FCoV-infected cells. Compound C treatment also significantly reduced the amount of viral RNA and viral protein in the cells in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that compound C is potentially useful for feline coronavirus-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea-In Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyun Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeon So
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Department of Life Science, Yong-In University, Yongin 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
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8
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Lanfranchi M, Yandiev S, Meyer-Dilhet G, Ellouze S, Kerkhofs M, Dos Reis R, Garcia A, Blondet C, Amar A, Kneppers A, Polvèche H, Plassard D, Foretz M, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Mounier R, Bourgeois CF, Raineteau O, Goillot E, Courchet J. The AMPK-related kinase NUAK1 controls cortical axons branching by locally modulating mitochondrial metabolic functions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2487. [PMID: 38514619 PMCID: PMC10958033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms underlying axonal morphogenesis are essential to the formation of functional neuronal networks. We previously identified the autism-linked kinase NUAK1 as a central regulator of axon branching through the control of mitochondria trafficking. However, (1) the relationship between mitochondrial position, function and axon branching and (2) the downstream effectors whereby NUAK1 regulates axon branching remain unknown. Here, we report that mitochondria recruitment to synaptic boutons supports collateral branches stabilization rather than formation in mouse cortical neurons. NUAK1 deficiency significantly impairs mitochondrial metabolism and axonal ATP concentration, and upregulation of mitochondrial function is sufficient to rescue axonal branching in NUAK1 null neurons in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that NUAK1 regulates axon branching through the mitochondria-targeted microprotein BRAWNIN. Our results demonstrate that NUAK1 exerts a dual function during axon branching through its ability to control mitochondrial distribution and metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lanfranchi
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Sozerko Yandiev
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Géraldine Meyer-Dilhet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Salma Ellouze
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Martijn Kerkhofs
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Raphael Dos Reis
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Garcia
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Camille Blondet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Alizée Amar
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Anita Kneppers
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Polvèche
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie F-69364, Lyon, France
- CECS/AFM, I-STEM, 28 rue Henri Desbruères, F-91100, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Damien Plassard
- CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U1258, GenomEast Platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Inserm, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Cyril F Bourgeois
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modelisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5239, Inserm, U1293, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 46 allée d'Italie F-69364, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Raineteau
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Evelyne Goillot
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Courchet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69008, Lyon, France.
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9
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Fernandes da Costa D, de Oliveira Ribeiro A, Morena Bonita Ricci J, da Silva Rodrigues M, Antonio de Oliveira M, Felipe da Rosa I, Benites Doretto L, Takahiro Nakajima R, Henrique Nóbrega R. A83-01 and DMH1 effects in the zebrafish spermatogonial niche: Unraveling the roles of TGF-β and BMP signaling in the Fsh-mediated spermatogonial fate. Gene 2024; 897:148082. [PMID: 38101710 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has fundamental roles in the regulation of the stem cell niche for both embryonic and adult stem cells. In zebrafish, male germ stem cell niche is regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) through different members of the TGF-β superfamily. On the other hand, the specific roles of TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways are unknown in the zebrafish male germ stem cell niche. Considering this lack of information, the present study aimed to investigate the pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β (A83-01) and BMP (DMH1) signaling pathways in the presence of recombinant zebrafish Fsh using testicular explants. We also reanalyzed single cell-RNA sequencing (sc-RNA-seq) dataset from adult zebrafish testes to identify the testicular cellular sites of smad expression, and to understand the physiological significance of the changes in smad transcript levels after inhibition of TGF-β or BMP pathways. Our results showed that A83-01 potentiated the pro-stimulatory effects of Fsh on spermatogonial differentiation leading to an increase in the proportion area occupied by differentiated spermatogonia with concomitant reduction of type A undifferentiated (Aund) spermatogonia. In agreement, expression analysis showed lower mRNA levels for the pluripotency gene pou5f3, and increased expression of dazl (marker of type B spermatogonia and spermatocyte) and igf3 (pro-stimulatory growth factor) following the co-treatment with TGF-β inhibitor and Fsh. Contrariwise, the inhibition of BMP signaling nullified the pro-stimulatory effects of Fsh, resulting in a reduction of differentiated spermatogonia and increased proportion area occupied by type Aund spermatogonia. Supporting this evidence, BMP signaling inhibition increased the mRNA levels of pluripotency genes nanog and pou5f3, and decreased dazl levels when compared to control. The sc-RNA-seq data unveiled a distinctive pattern of smad expression among testicular cells, primarily observed in spermatogonia (smad 2, 3a, 3b, 8), spermatocytes (smad 2, 3a, 8), Sertoli cells (smad 1, 3a, 3b), and Leydig cells (smad 1, 2). This finding supports the notion that inhibition of TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways may predominantly impact cellular components within the spermatogonial niche, namely spermatogonia, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways exert antagonistic roles in the zebrafish germ stem cell niche. The members of the TGF-β subfamily are mainly involved in maintaining the undifferentiated state of spermatogonia, while the BMP subfamily promotes spermatogonial differentiation. Therefore, in the complex regulation of the germ stem cell niche by Fsh, members of the BMP subfamily (pro-differentiation) should be more predominant in the niche than those belonging to the TGF-β (anti-differentiation). Overall, these findings are not only relevant for understanding the regulation of germ stem cell niche but may also be useful for expanding in vitro the number of undifferentiated spermatogonia more efficiently than using recombinant hormones or growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandes da Costa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Morena Bonita Ricci
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio de Oliveira
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivana Felipe da Rosa
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Benites Doretto
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Takahiro Nakajima
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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10
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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Sumanas S. Endocardium gives rise to blood cells in zebrafish embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113736. [PMID: 38308842 PMCID: PMC10993658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the endocardium contributes to hematopoiesis in murine embryos, although definitive evidence to demonstrate the hematopoietic potential of the endocardium is still missing. Here, we use a zebrafish embryonic model to test the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors from the endocardium. By using a combination of expression analysis, time-lapse imaging, and lineage-tracing approaches, we demonstrate that myeloid cells emerge from the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Etv2/Etsrp or Scl/Tal1, two known master regulators of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, does not affect the emergence of endocardial-derived myeloid cells, while inhibition of Hedgehog signaling results in their reduction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis followed by experimental validation suggests that the endocardium is the major source of neutrophilic granulocytes. These findings will promote our understanding of alternative mechanisms involved in hematopoiesis, which are likely to be conserved between zebrafish and mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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11
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Klug DM, Tse EG, Silva DG, Cao Y, Charman SA, Chauhan J, Crighton E, Dichiara M, Drake C, Drewry D, da Silva Emery F, Ferrins L, Graves L, Hopkins E, Kresina TAC, Lorente-Macías Á, Perry B, Phipps R, Quiroga B, Quotadamo A, Sabatino GN, Sama A, Schätzlein A, Simpson QJ, Steele J, Shanu-Wilson J, Sjö P, Stapleton P, Swain CJ, Vaideanu A, Xie H, Zuercher W, Todd MH. Open Source Antibiotics: Simple Diarylimidazoles Are Potent against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2423-2435. [PMID: 37991879 PMCID: PMC10714399 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely acknowledged as one of the most serious public health threats facing the world, yet the private sector finds it challenging to generate much-needed medicines. As an alternative discovery approach, a small array of diarylimidazoles was screened against the ESKAPE pathogens, and the results were made publicly available through the Open Source Antibiotics (OSA) consortium (https://github.com/opensourceantibiotics). Of the 18 compounds tested (at 32 μg/mL), 15 showed >90% growth inhibition activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) alone. In the subsequent hit-to-lead optimization of this chemotype, 147 new heterocyclic compounds containing the diarylimidazole and other core motifs were synthesized and tested against MRSA, and their structure-activity relationships were identified. While potent, these compounds have moderate to high intrinsic clearance and some associated toxicity. The best overall balance of parameters was found with OSA_975, a compound with good potency, good solubility, and reduced intrinsic clearance in rat hepatocytes. We have progressed toward the knowledge of the molecular target of these phenotypically active compounds, with proteomic techniques suggesting TGFBR1 is potentially involved in the mechanism of action. Further development of these compounds toward antimicrobial medicines is available to anyone under the licensing terms of the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M. Klug
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin G. Tse
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel G. Silva
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Yafeng Cao
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Susan A. Charman
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jyoti Chauhan
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elly Crighton
- Centre
for Drug Candidate Optimization, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Maria Dichiara
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chris Drake
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - David Drewry
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903. Brazil
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lee Graves
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Emily Hopkins
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. C. Kresina
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Álvaro Lorente-Macías
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit
of ‘‘Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment’’,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- A. L-M.
Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard Phipps
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Quiroga
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Antonio Quotadamo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Clinical
and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Giada N. Sabatino
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Sama
- Citizen
scientist, New York, New York 11570, United States
| | - Andreas Schätzlein
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Quillon J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern
University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jonathan Steele
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Shanu-Wilson
- Hypha Discovery, 154b Brook Dr, Milton, Abingdon OX14 4SD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Sjö
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), 15 Chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Stapleton
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Swain
- Cambridge
MedChem Consulting, 8
Mangers Lane, Duxford, Cambridge CB22 4RN, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Vaideanu
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Huanxu Xie
- WuXi
AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., 666 Gaoxin Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430075, People’s Republic of China
| | - William Zuercher
- UNC Lineberger
Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School
of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Structural
Genomics Consortium, University College
London, 29-39 Brunswick
Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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12
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Taga H, Kishida T, Inoue Y, Yamamoto K, Kotani SI, Masashi T, Ukimura O, Mazda O. TGF-β inhibitor treatment of H₂O₂-induced cystitis models provides biochemical mechanism for elucidating interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293983. [PMID: 37931000 PMCID: PMC10627456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is a chronic disease for which no effective treatment is available. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of IC/PBS, and previous studies have suggested that administrations of a TGF-β inhibitor significantly ameliorated IC/PBS in a mouse model. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of a TGF-b inhibitor on IC/PBS has not been comprehensively analyzed. TGF-β has a variety of actions, such as regulation of immune cells and fibrosis. In our study, we induced IC/PBS-like disease in mice by an intravesical administration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and examined the effects of three TGF-β inhibitors, Repsox, SB431542, and SB505124, on the urinary functions as well as histological and gene expression profiles in the bladder. TGF-β inhibitor treatment improved urinary function and histological changes in the IC/PBS mouse model, and SB431542 was most effective among the TGF-β inhibitors. In our present study, TGF-β inhibitor treatment improved abnormal enhancement of nociceptive mechanisms, immunity and inflammation, fibrosis, and dysfunction of bladder urothelium. These results show that multiple mechanisms are involved in the improvement of urinary function by TGF-β inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Taga
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kotani
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsujimoto Masashi
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ukimura
- Department of Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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13
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Groppe JC, Lu G, Tandang-Silvas MR, Pathi A, Konda S, Wu J, Le VQ, Culbert AL, Shore EM, Wharton KA, Kaplan FS. Polypeptide Substrate Accessibility Hypothesis: Gain-of-Function R206H Mutation Allosterically Affects Activin Receptor-like Protein Kinase Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1129. [PMID: 37509165 PMCID: PMC10376983 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although structurally similar to type II counterparts, type I or activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs) are set apart by a metastable helix-loop-helix (HLH) element preceding the protein kinase domain that, according to a longstanding paradigm, serves passive albeit critical roles as an inhibitor-to-substrate-binding switch. A single recurrent mutation in the codon of the penultimate residue, directly adjacent the position of a constitutively activating substitution, causes milder activation of ACVR1/ALK2 leading to sporadic heterotopic bone deposition in patients presenting with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, or FOP. To determine the protein structural-functional basis for the gain of function, R206H mutant, Q207D (aspartate-substituted caALK2) and HLH subdomain-truncated (208 Ntrunc) forms were compared to one another and the wild-type enzyme through in vitro kinase and protein-protein interaction analyses that were complemented by signaling read-out (p-Smad) in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and Drosophila S2 cells. Contrary to the paradigm, the HLH subdomain actively suppressed the phosphotransferase activity of the enzyme, even in the absence of FKBP12. Unexpectedly, perturbation of the HLH subdomain elevated kinase activity at a distance, i.e., allosterically, at the ATP-binding and polypeptide-interacting active site cleft. Accessibility to polypeptide substrate (BMP Smad C-terminal tails) due to allosterically altered conformations of type I active sites within heterohexameric cytoplasmic signaling complexes-assembled noncanonically by activin-type II receptors extracellularly-is hypothesized to produce a gain of function of the R206H mutant protein responsible for episodic heterotopic ossification in FOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay C Groppe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Guorong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Mary R Tandang-Silvas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Anupama Pathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Shruti Konda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Jingfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Viet Q Le
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andria L Culbert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eileen M Shore
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kristi A Wharton
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Frederick S Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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14
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Phanindhar K, Mishra RK. Auxin-inducible degron system: an efficient protein degradation tool to study protein function. Biotechniques 2023; 74:186-198. [PMID: 37191015 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation, with its rapid protein depletion kinetics, allows the measurement of acute changes in the cell. The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system, rapidly degrades AID-tagged proteins only in the presence of auxin. The AID system being inducible makes the study of essential genes and dynamic processes like cell differentiation, cell cycle and genome organization feasible. The AID degradation system has been adapted to yeast, protozoans, C. elegans, Drosophila, zebrafish, mouse and mammalian cell lines. Using the AID system, researchers have unveiled novel functions for essential proteins at developmental stages that were previously difficult to investigate due to early lethality. This comprehensive review discusses the development, advancements, applications and drawbacks of the AID system and compares it with other available protein degradation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundurthi Phanindhar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Rakesh K Mishra
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Tata Institute for Genetics & Society (TIGS), Bangalore, 560065, India
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15
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Modukuri RK, Monsivais D, Li F, Palaniappan M, Bohren KM, Tan Z, Ku AF, Wang Y, Madasu C, Li JY, Tang S, Miklossy G, Palmer SS, Young DW, Matzuk MM. Discovery of Highly Potent and BMPR2-Selective Kinase Inhibitors Using DNA-Encoded Chemical Library Screening. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2143-2160. [PMID: 36719862 PMCID: PMC9924264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of monokinase-selective inhibitors for patients is challenging because the 500+ kinases encoded by the human genome share highly conserved catalytic domains. Until now, no selective inhibitors unique for a single transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family transmembrane receptor kinase, including bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2), have been reported. This dearth of receptor-specific kinase inhibitors hinders therapeutic options for skeletal defects and cancer as a result of an overactivated BMP signaling pathway. By screening 4.17 billion "unbiased" and "kinase-biased" DNA-encoded chemical library molecules, we identified hits CDD-1115 and CDD-1431, respectively, that were low-nanomolar selective kinase inhibitors of BMPR2. Structure-activity relationship studies addressed metabolic lability and high-molecular-weight issues, resulting in potent and BMPR2-selective inhibitor analogs CDD-1281 (IC50 = 1.2 nM) and CDD-1653 (IC50 = 2.8 nM), respectively. Our work demonstrates that DNA-encoded chemistry technology (DEC-Tec) is reliable for identifying novel first-in-class, highly potent, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram K. Modukuri
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Murugesan Palaniappan
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Kurt M. Bohren
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Zhi Tan
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Angela F. Ku
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Madasu
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Jian-Yuan Li
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Suni Tang
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Stephen S. Palmer
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Damian W. Young
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Center
for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas77030, United States
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16
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Asati V, Bharti SK, Das R, Kashaw V, Kashaw SK. Discovery of novel ALK2 inhibitors of pyrazolo-pyrimidines: A computational study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10422-10436. [PMID: 34225569 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1944320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ALK2 is a serine/threonine kinase, involved in different signaling pathways and associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. The present study includes development of pharmacophore, 3-D QSAR, docking and virtual screening studies on 30 different pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. The pharmacophore study provides ARRR_2 hypothesis with four different features essential for ALK2 kinase inhibitory activity. The 3 D-QSAR study determined the statistically significant model by using partial least-square regression (PLS) method with R2 value of 0.9711 and Q2 value of 0.6846. Validation of 3 D-QSAR has been performed by LOO cross-validation method where with R2CV value of 0.56. The virtual screening study on ZINC database provides compounds such as ZINC66091638, ZINC43524105, ZINC19458227 and ZINC72441013 involved good binding interactions (docking scores -8.91, -7.40, -8.43, and -9.47, respectively) with ALK2 kinase (PDB ID: 3Q4U). The docking study of pyrazolo-pyrimidines derivatives found potent compounds, 7i, 13r, 13d, and 21 with docking scores -9.83, -9.75, -9.76, and -9.75, respectively. The important interactions with amino acid residues were HID 286, ASN341. ADME properties further assist to provide important structural features of ALK2 kinase. The present study may be help to medicinal scientists in the direction to develop potent inhibitors against ALK2 kinase.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjay K Bharti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ratnesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Kashaw
- Sagar Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
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17
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Sun Z, Zhao H, Fang D, Davis CT, Shi DS, Lei K, Rich BE, Winter JM, Guo L, Sorensen LK, Pryor RJ, Zhu N, Lu S, Dickey LL, Doty DJ, Tong Z, Thomas KR, Mueller AL, Grossmann AH, Zhang B, Lane TE, Fujinami RS, Odelberg SJ, Zhu W. Neuroinflammatory disease disrupts the blood-CNS barrier via crosstalk between proinflammatory and endothelial-to-mesenchymal-transition signaling. Neuron 2022; 110:3106-3120.e7. [PMID: 35961320 PMCID: PMC9547934 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Breakdown of the blood-central nervous system barrier (BCNSB) is a hallmark of many neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Using a mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we show that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) occurs in the CNS before the onset of clinical symptoms and plays a major role in the breakdown of BCNSB function. EndoMT can be induced by an IL-1β-stimulated signaling pathway in which activation of the small GTPase ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) leads to crosstalk with the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-SMAD1/5 pathway. Inhibiting the activation of ARF6 both prevents and reverses EndoMT, stabilizes BCNSB function, reduces demyelination, and attenuates symptoms even after the establishment of severe EAE, without immunocompromising the host. Pan-inhibition of ALKs also reduces disease severity in the EAE model. Therefore, multiple components of the IL-1β-ARF6-ALK-SMAD1/5 pathway could be targeted for the treatment of a variety of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglou Sun
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Helong Zhao
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel Fang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chadwick T Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Dallas S Shi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kachon Lei
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Bianca E Rich
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jacob M Winter
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lise K Sorensen
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert J Pryor
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Nina Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Samuel Lu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Laura L Dickey
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Daniel J Doty
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Zongzhong Tong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kirk R Thomas
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Allie H Grossmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Baowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230039, China
| | - Thomas E Lane
- Navigen Inc., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert S Fujinami
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shannon J Odelberg
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Weiquan Zhu
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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18
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Hsu CC, Peng D, Cai Z, Lin HK. AMPK signaling and its targeting in cancer progression and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 85:52-68. [PMID: 33862221 PMCID: PMC9768867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanisms sensing the imbalance of energy in cells are pivotal for cell survival under various environmental insults. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as a central guardian maintaining energy homeostasis by orchestrating diverse cellular processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, TCA cycle, cell cycle progression and mitochondrial dynamics. Given that AMPK plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy balance and metabolism, managing AMPK activation is considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since AMPK has been attributed to aberrant activation of metabolic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics and functions, and epigenetic regulation, which are hallmarks of cancer, targeting AMPK may open up a new avenue for cancer therapies. Although AMPK is previously thought to be involved in tumor suppression, several recent studies have unraveled its tumor promoting activity. The double-edged sword characteristics for AMPK as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene are determined by distinct cellular contexts. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in dissecting the upstream regulators and downstream effectors for AMPK, discuss the distinct roles of AMPK in cancer regulation and finally offer potential strategies with AMPK targeting in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Chia Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Danni Peng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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19
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Martínez Traverso IM, Steimle JD, Zhao X, Wang J, Martin JF. LATS1/2 control TGFB-directed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the murine dorsal cranial neuroepithelium through YAP regulation. Development 2022; 149:dev200860. [PMID: 36125128 PMCID: PMC9587805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in organ size control, plays key roles in various tissue developmental processes, but its role in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. Using the transgenic Wnt1-Cre2 driver, we inactivated the Hippo signaling components Lats1 and Lats2 in the cranial neuroepithelium of mouse embryos and found that the double conditional knockout (DCKO) of Lats1/2 resulted in neural tube and craniofacial defects. Lats1/2 DCKO mutant embryos had microcephaly with delayed and defective neural tube closure. Furthermore, neuroepithelial cell shape and architecture were disrupted within the cranial neural tube in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. RNA sequencing of embryonic neural tubes revealed increased TGFB signaling in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. Moreover, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated in the cranial neural tube. Inactivation of Hippo signaling downstream effectors, Yap and Taz, suppressed neuroepithelial defects, aberrant EMT and TGFB upregulation in Lats1/2 DCKO embryos, indicating that LATS1/2 function via YAP and TAZ. Our findings reveal important roles for Hippo signaling in modulating TGFB signaling during neural crest EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaliz M. Martínez Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 , USA
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20
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In-vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into spinal cord neural stem cells. Neuroreport 2022; 33:518-525. [PMID: 35882016 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into spinal cord neural stem cells (NSCs) can help researchers better understand the cellular processes associated with spinal cord development and regeneration, and provide therapeutic strategies for spinal cord disorders. However, effective and consistent methods for the generation of human spinal cord NSCs are rare. Objective of the study is to establish methods for the in-vitro induction and long-term maintenance of human spinal cord NSCs. H9 cells were treated with neural induction medium for 10 days under single-cell seeding condition, followed by treatment with neural maintenance medium and replacement with NSC medium after five passages. The identity of the generated cells was determined by immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, and cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) assays. After the neural induction, OCT4, an embryonic stem cell marker, was significantly reduced, whereas NESTIN and PAX6, two NSC markers, were clearly increased. After the neural maintenance, most of the H9-derived cells consistently expressed NESTIN and PAX6 together with SOX1 and HOXC9, two spinal cord markers. The Homer known motif enrichment results of the CUT&Tag assay confirmed the expression of HOXC9 in the H9-derived spinal cord NSCs, which can be maintained for more than 40 days under an in vitro culture system. This study sheds new light on effective induction and maintenance of human spinal cord NSCs.
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21
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BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35879352 PMCID: PMC9314337 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.
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22
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Mondal A, Roberge J, Gilleran J, Peng Y, Jia D, Akel M, Patel Y, Zoltowski H, Doraiswamy A, Langenfeld J. Bone morphogenetic protein inhibitors and mitochondria targeting agents synergistically induce apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) caspase-independent cell death in lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35761398 PMCID: PMC9238106 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are evolutionarily conserved morphogens that are reactivated in lung carcinomas. In lung cancer cells, BMP signaling suppresses AMP activated kinase (AMPK) by inhibiting LKB1. AMPK is activated by mitochondrial stress that inhibits ATP production, which is enhanced 100-fold when phosphorylated by LKB1. Activated AMPK can promote survival of cancer cells but its "hyperactivation" induces cell death. The studies here reveal novel cell death mechanisms induced by BMP inhibitors, together with agents targeting the mitochondria, which involves the "hyperactivation" of AMPK. METHODS This study examines the synergistic effects of two BMP inhibitors together with mitochondrial targeting agents phenformin and Ym155, on cell death of lung cancer cells expressing LKB1 (H1299), LKB1 null (A549), and A549 cells transfected with LKB1 (A549-LKB1). Cell death mechanisms evaluated were the activation of caspases and the nuclear localization of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). A769662 was used to allosterically activate AMPK. Knockdown of BMPR2 and LKB1 using siRNA was used to examine their effects on nuclear localization of AMPK. Validation studies were performed on five passage zero primary NSCLC. RESULTS Both BMP inhibitors synergistically suppressed growth when combined with Ym155 or phenformin in cells expressing LKB1. The combination of BMP inhibitors with mitochondrial targeting agents enhanced the activation of AMPK in lung cancer cells expressing LKB1. Allosteric activation of AMPK with A769662 induced cell death in both H1299 and A549 cells. Cell death induced by the combination of BMP inhibitors and mitochondrial-targeting agents did not activate caspases. The combination of drugs induced nuclear localization of AIF in cells expressing LKB1, which was attenuated by knockdown of LKB1. Knockdown of BMPR2 together with Ym155 increased nuclear localization of AIF. Combination therapy also enhanced cell death and AIF nuclear localization in primary NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate that inhibition of BMP signaling together with mitochondrial targeting agents induce AIF caspase-independent cell death, which involves the "hyperactivation" of AMPK. AIF caspase-independent cell death is an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway that is infrequently studied in cancer. These studies provide novel insight into mechanisms inducing AIF caspase-independent cell death in cancer cells using BMP inhibitors. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Mondal
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Jacques Roberge
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - John Gilleran
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, RUBRIC, Office for Research, Rutgers Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dongxuan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Moumen Akel
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yash Patel
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | | | | | - John Langenfeld
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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23
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Smith SS, Chu D, Qu T, Aggleton JA, Schneider RA. Species-specific sensitivity to TGFβ signaling and changes to the Mmp13 promoter underlie avian jaw development and evolution. eLife 2022; 11:e66005. [PMID: 35666955 PMCID: PMC9246370 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise developmental control of jaw length is critical for survival, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. The jaw skeleton arises from neural crest mesenchyme (NCM), and we previously demonstrated that these progenitor cells express more bone-resorbing enzymes including Matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13) when they generate shorter jaws in quail embryos versus longer jaws in duck. Moreover, if we inhibit bone resorption or Mmp13, we can increase jaw length. In the current study, we uncover mechanisms establishing species-specific levels of Mmp13 and bone resorption. Quail show greater activation of and sensitivity to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling than duck; where intracellular mediators like SMADs and targets like Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which bind Mmp13, become elevated. Inhibiting TGFβ signaling decreases bone resorption, and overexpressing Mmp13 in NCM shortens the duck lower jaw. To elucidate the basis for this differential regulation, we examine the Mmp13 promoter. We discover a SMAD-binding element and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near a RUNX2-binding element that distinguish quail from duck. Altering the SMAD site and switching the SNPs abolish TGFβ sensitivity in the quail Mmp13 promoter but make the duck promoter responsive. Thus, differential regulation of TGFβ signaling and Mmp13 promoter structure underlie avian jaw development and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spenser S Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Tiange Qu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jessye A Aggleton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Richard A Schneider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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24
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Liu S, Shen B, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, Yuan Y, Kong Y, Tan P, Zeng F, Zhao C, Zhu X, Wang J. Strontium Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Isolated Primary Bovine Chondrocytes via the TGFβ/SMAD Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:925302. [PMID: 35712700 PMCID: PMC9197245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.925302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effects of strontium (Sr) on proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes isolated from dairy cows, and whether Sr exerts its effects via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. The chondrocytes were isolated from patellar cartilage from newborn Holstein bull calves (n = 3, 1 day old, 38.0 ± 2.8 kg, fasting) within 15 min after euthanasia, and treated with different concentrations of Sr (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml, as SrCl2·6H2O). After pretreatment with or without activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) inhibitor (10 μM SB-505124) for 4 h, chondrocytes were incubated with Sr for another 4 h. Overall effects of Sr were evaluated relative to NaCl as the control. In contrast, the 1 μg/ml Sr-treated group served as the control to determine effects of preincubating with SB-505124. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used for measuring expression of proliferation-, differentiation-, and TGFβ1-responsive factors. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in GraphPad Prism 7.0. Incubation with all doses of Sr increased TGFβ1/ALK5-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation, and at 10 μg/ml it inhibited ALK1-induced SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Expression of mRNA and protein of the proliferation-responsive factors type Ⅱ Collagen α1 (COL2A1) and aggrecan (ACAN) was induced by Sr at 1 μg/ml. In contrast, Sr at 10 μg/ml inhibited the expression of differentiation-responsive factors type Ⅹ Collagen α1 (COL10A1) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and at 1 μg/ml it had the same effect on alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) mRNA and protein levels. Cells were stained with PI/RNase Staining buffer to assess cell cycle activity using flow-cytometry. Incubation with Sr at 1 and 10 μg/ml induced an increase in the number of cells in the S-phase, leading to an increase in the proliferation index. Incubation with SB-505124 inhibited phosphorylation of SMAD3. Abundance of ACAN and COL2A1 mRNA and protein was lower when cells were pre-incubated with SB-505124. Overall, data indicated that Sr promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of primary chondrocytes by directing TGFβ1 signaling towards SMAD3 phosphorylation rather than SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. Whether these effects occur in vivo remains to be determined and could impact future application of Sr as an experimental tool in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Qianming Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yezi Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Panpan Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Fangyuan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Wang,
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Two Modulators of Skeletal Development: BMPs and Proteoglycans. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020015. [PMID: 35466193 PMCID: PMC9036252 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, skeletal development is tightly regulated by locally secreted growth factors that interact with proteoglycans (PGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multifunctional growth factors that play critical roles in cartilage maturation and bone formation. BMP signals are transduced from plasma membrane receptors to the nucleus through both canonical Smad and noncanonical p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. BMP signalling is modulated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous molecular mechanisms at different spatiotemporal levels and in both positive and negative manners. As an endogenous example, BMPs undergo extracellular regulation by PGs, which generally regulate the efficiency of ligand-receptor binding. BMP signalling can also be exogenously perturbed by a group of small molecule antagonists, such as dorsomorphin and its derivatives, that selectively bind to and inhibit the intracellular kinase domain of BMP type I receptors. In this review, we present a current understanding of BMPs and PGs functions in cartilage maturation and osteoblast differentiation, highlighting BMP–PG interactions. We also discuss the identification of highly selective small-molecule BMP receptor type I inhibitors. This review aims to shed light on the importance of BMP signalling and PGs in cartilage maturation and bone formation.
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Andre P, Joshi SR, Briscoe SD, Alexander MJ, Li G, Kumar R. Therapeutic Approaches for Treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Correcting Imbalanced TGF-β Superfamily Signaling. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:814222. [PMID: 35141256 PMCID: PMC8818880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.814222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease characterized by high blood pressure in the pulmonary circulation driven by pathological remodeling of distal pulmonary arteries, leading typically to death by right ventricular failure. Available treatments improve physical activity and slow disease progression, but they act primarily as vasodilators and have limited effects on the biological cause of the disease—the uncontrolled proliferation of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Imbalanced signaling by the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily contributes extensively to dysregulated vascular cell proliferation in PAH, with overactive pro-proliferative SMAD2/3 signaling occurring alongside deficient anti-proliferative SMAD1/5/8 signaling. We review the TGF-β superfamily mechanisms underlying PAH pathogenesis, superfamily interactions with inflammation and mechanobiological forces, and therapeutic strategies under development that aim to restore SMAD signaling balance in the diseased pulmonary arterial vessels. These strategies could potentially reverse pulmonary arterial remodeling in PAH by targeting causative mechanisms and therefore hold significant promise for the PAH patient population.
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27
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Qadeer ZA, Weiss WA. A SHHecret target of relapsed medulloblastoma: Astrocytes. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211141. [PMID: 34398189 PMCID: PMC8424466 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of JEM, Guo et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202350) examine the importance of tumor-derived astrocytes in SHH-medulloblastoma recurrence. They show that tumor cells transdifferentiate to tumor-derived astrocytes via bone morphogenetic proteins and Sox9, which excitingly can be targeted by BMP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulekha A Qadeer
- Department of Neurology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Neurology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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28
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Rai S, Alsaidan OA, Yang H, Cai H, Wang L. Heparan sulfate inhibits transforming growth factor β signaling and functions in cis and in trans to regulate prostate stem/progenitor cell activities. Glycobiology 2021; 30:381-395. [PMID: 31829419 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate stem/progenitor cells (PrSCs) are responsible for adult prostate tissue homeostasis and regeneration. However, the related regulatory mechanisms are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the role of heparan sulfate (HS) in PrSC self-renewal and prostate regeneration. Using an in vitro prostate sphere formation assay, we found that deletion of the glycosyltransferase exostosin 1 (Ext1) abolished HS expression in PrSCs and disrupted their ability to self-renew. In associated studies, we observed that HS loss inhibited p63 and CK5 expression, reduced the number of p63+- or CK5+-expressing stem/progenitor cells, elevated CK8+ expression and the number of differentiated CK8+ luminal cells and arrested the spheroid cells in the G1/G0 phase of cell cycle. Mechanistically, HS expressed by PrSCs (in cis) or by neighboring cells (in trans) could maintain sphere formation. Furthermore, HS deficiency upregulated transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling and inhibiting TGFβ signaling partially restored the sphere-formation activity of the HS-deficient PrSCs. In an in vivo prostate regeneration assay, simultaneous loss of HS in both epithelial cell and stromal cell compartments attenuated prostate tissue regeneration, whereas the retention of HS expression in either of the two cellular compartments was sufficient to sustain prostate tissue regeneration. We conclude that HS preserves self-renewal of adult PrSCs by inhibiting TGFβ signaling and functions both in cis and in trans to maintain prostate homeostasis and to support prostate regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Rai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Omar Awad Alsaidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Houjian Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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29
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Ahwazi D, Neopane K, Markby GR, Kopietz F, Ovens AJ, Dall M, Hassing AS, Gräsle P, Alshuweishi Y, Treebak JT, Salt IP, Göransson O, Zeqiraj E, Scott JW, Sakamoto K. Investigation of the specificity and mechanism of action of the ULK1/AMPK inhibitor SBI-0206965. Biochem J 2021; 478:2977-2997. [PMID: 34259310 PMCID: PMC8370752 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SBI-0206965, originally identified as an inhibitor of the autophagy initiator kinase ULK1, has recently been reported as a more potent and selective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor relative to the widely used, but promiscuous inhibitor Compound C/Dorsomorphin. Here, we studied the effects of SBI-0206965 on AMPK signalling and metabolic readouts in multiple cell types, including hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells and adipocytes. We observed SBI-0206965 dose dependently attenuated AMPK activator (991)-stimulated ACC phosphorylation and inhibition of lipogenesis in hepatocytes. SBI-0206965 (≥25 μM) modestly inhibited AMPK signalling in C2C12 myotubes, but also inhibited insulin signalling, insulin-mediated/AMPK-independent glucose uptake, and AICA-riboside uptake. We performed an extended screen of SBI-0206965 against a panel of 140 human protein kinases in vitro, which showed SBI-0206965 inhibits several kinases, including members of AMPK-related kinases (NUAK1, MARK3/4), equally or more potently than AMPK or ULK1. This screen, together with molecular modelling, revealed that most SBI-0206965-sensitive kinases contain a large gatekeeper residue with a preference for methionine at this position. We observed that mutation of the gatekeeper methionine to a smaller side chain amino acid (threonine) rendered AMPK and ULK1 resistant to SBI-0206965 inhibition. These results demonstrate that although SBI-0206965 has utility for delineating AMPK or ULK1 signalling and cellular functions, the compound potently inhibits several other kinases and critical cellular functions such as glucose and nucleoside uptake. Our study demonstrates a role for the gatekeeper residue as a determinant of the inhibitor sensitivity and inhibitor-resistant mutant forms could be exploited as potential controls to probe specific cellular effects of SBI-0206965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katyayanee Neopane
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Societé Produit de Nestlé S.A
- School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Greg R. Markby
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ashley J. Ovens
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Morten Dall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna S. Hassing
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamina Gräsle
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yazeed Alshuweishi
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian P. Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elton Zeqiraj
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, U.K
| | - John W. Scott
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Guo D, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Liao S, Hu J, Du F, Xu G, Liu Y, Cai KQ, Cheung M, Wainwright BJ, Lu QR, Zhao Y, Yang ZJ. Tumor cells generate astrocyte-like cells that contribute to SHH-driven medulloblastoma relapse. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212465. [PMID: 34254999 PMCID: PMC8282281 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in the brain, play a critical role in supporting the progression of medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Through lineage tracing analyses and single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that astrocytes are predominantly derived from the transdifferentiation of tumor cells in relapsed MB (but not in primary MB), although MB cells are generally believed to be neuronal-lineage committed. Such transdifferentiation of MB cells relies on Sox9, a transcription factor critical for gliogenesis. Our studies further reveal that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) stimulate the transdifferentiation of MB cells by inducing the phosphorylation of Sox9. Pharmacological inhibition of BMP signaling represses MB cell transdifferentiation into astrocytes and suppresses tumor relapse. Our studies establish the distinct cellular sources of astrocytes in primary and relapsed MB and provide an avenue to prevent and treat MB relapse by targeting tumor cell transdifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duancheng Guo
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA.,Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Pediatric Cancer Center, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shengyou Liao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Fang Du
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gang Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brandon J Wainwright
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Advanced Computer Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Jie Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA
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31
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Wagstaff EL, Heredero Berzal A, Boon CJF, Quinn PMJ, ten Asbroek ALMA, Bergen AA. The Role of Small Molecules and Their Effect on the Molecular Mechanisms of Early Retinal Organoid Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7081. [PMID: 34209272 PMCID: PMC8268497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in vivo embryonic retinal development is a well-documented and evolutionary conserved process. The specification towards eye development is temporally controlled by consecutive activation or inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways. Recently, with the use of retinal organoids, researchers aim to manipulate these pathways to achieve better human representative models for retinal development and disease. To achieve this, a plethora of different small molecules and signaling factors have been used at various time points and concentrations in retinal organoid differentiations, with varying success. Additions differ from protocol to protocol, but their usefulness or efficiency has not yet been systematically reviewed. Interestingly, many of these small molecules affect the same and/or multiple pathways, leading to reduced reproducibility and high variability between studies. In this review, we make an inventory of the key signaling pathways involved in early retinogenesis and their effect on the development of the early retina in vitro. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of the small molecules and signaling factors that are added to retinal organoid differentiation protocols, documenting the molecular and functional effects of these additions. Lastly, we comparatively evaluate several of these factors using our established retinal organoid methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L. Wagstaff
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Heredero Berzal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center—New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | | | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Bone Morphogenic Protein Signaling and Melanoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:48. [PMID: 33866453 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00849-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Malignant melanoma is a deadly form of skin cancer caused by neoplastic transformation of melanocytic cells. Despite recent progress in melanoma therapy, by inhibition of activated oncogenes or immunotherapy, survival rate for metastatic melanoma patients remains low. The remarkable phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells allows for rapid development of invasive properties and metastatic tumors, the main cause of mortality in melanoma patients. Phenotypic and molecular analyses of developing tumors revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular and molecular mechanism, controls transition from mature melanocyte to less differentiated melanocyte lineage progenitor cells forming melanoma tumors. This transition is facilitated by persistence of transcriptional regulatory circuit characteristic of embryonic stage in mature melanocytes. Switching of the developmental program of mature melanocyte to EMT is induced by accumulated mutations, especially targeting BRAF, N-RAS, or MEK1/2 signaling pathways, and further promoted by dynamic stimuli from local environment including hypoxia, interactions with extracellular matrix and growth factors or cytokines. Recent reports demonstrate that signaling mediated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) play critical roles in inducing EMT by controlling expression of critical transcription factors. BMPs are essential modulators of differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, invasiveness, and metastases in developing melanoma tumors. They control transcription and epigenetic landscape of melanoma cells. Better understanding of the role of BMPs may lead to new strategies to control EMT processes in melanocyte cell lineage and to achieve clinical benefits for the patients.
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33
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Unexpected beta-amyloid production by middle doses of resveratrol through stabilization of APP protein and AMPK-mediated inhibition of trypsin-like proteasome activity in a cell model of Alzheimer's disease. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112185. [PMID: 33845068 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a drug candidate used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and shows beneficial effects in various toxicity and production models, although recent clinical trial data did not show satisfactory results. Here we demonstrated the potential side effects of resveratrol in AD. We demonstrated resveratrol concentration- and time-dependent Aβ production using Aβ secreted cellular model and analyzed resveratrol-related molecular signaling. In Swedish mutant of APP (APPsw) stably expressing cells, treatment with a middle dose of resveratrol for 24 h unexpectedly increased Aβ production, but higher concentrations or shorter treatment durations did not. Resveratrol-mediated Aβ production was caused by an increase in APP protein levels associated with proteasome-dependent regulation of APP stability. Inhibition of AMPK, cAMP production, and epac1 attenuated Aβ production and APP increase by resveratrol, which blocked the inhibition of trypsin-like proteasomal activity. In addition, high-dose resveratrol decreased Aβ secretion and β-secretase activity at any treatment duration. Our data suggest that an appropriate dose of resveratrol can paradoxically increase Aβ production via stabilization of APP protein in an AMPK-proteasome signaling-dependent manner, which provides mechanistic insights into prior unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and the future clinical use of resveratrol.
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34
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Belair DG, Lee JS, Kellner AV, Huard J, Murphy WL. Receptor mimicking TGF-β1 binding peptide for targeting TGF-β1 signaling. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:645-652. [PMID: 33289741 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged and elevated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling can lead to undesired scar formation during tissue repair and fibrosis that is often a result of chronic inflammation in the lung, kidney, liver, heart, skin, and joints. We report new TGF-β1 binding peptides that interfere with TGF-β1 binding to its cognate receptors and thus attenuate its biological activity. We identified TGF-β1 binding peptides from the TGF-β1 binding domains of TGF-β receptors and engineered their sequences to facilitate chemical conjugation to biomaterials using molecular docking simulations. The in vitro binding studies and cell-based assays showed that RIPΔ, which was derived from TGF-β type I receptor, bound TGF-β1 in a sequence-specific manner and reduced the biological activity of TGF-β1 when the peptide was presented either in soluble form or conjugated to a commonly used synthetic biomaterial. This approach may have implications for clinical applications such as treatment of various fibrotic diseases and soft tissue repair and offer a design strategy for peptide antibodies based on the biomimicry of ligand-receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Belair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Center for Regenerative Sports Medicine, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO, USA
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. and Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA and Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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35
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Topsentinol L Trisulfate, a Marine Natural Product That Targets Basal-like and Claudin-Low Breast Cancers. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010041. [PMID: 33477536 PMCID: PMC7831112 DOI: 10.3390/md19010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer suffer from poor prognosis and limited treatment options. There is an urgent need to identify new targets that can benefit patients with basal-like and claudin-low (BL-CL) breast cancers. We screened fractions from our Marine Invertebrate Compound Library (MICL) to identify compounds that specifically target BL-CL breast cancers. We identified a previously unreported trisulfated sterol, i.e., topsentinol L trisulfate (TLT), which exhibited increased efficacy against BL-CL breast cancers relative to luminal/HER2+ breast cancer. Biochemical investigation of the effects of TLT on BL-CL cell lines revealed its ability to inhibit activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and to promote activation of p38. The importance of targeting AMPK and CHK1 in BL-CL cell lines was validated by treating a panel of breast cancer cell lines with known small molecule inhibitors of AMPK (dorsomorphin) and CHK1 (Ly2603618) and recording the increased effectiveness against BL-CL breast cancers as compared with luminal/HER2+ breast cancer. Finally, we generated a drug response gene-expression signature and projected it against a human tumor panel of 12 different cancer types to identify other cancer types sensitive to the compound. The TLT sensitivity gene-expression signature identified breast and bladder cancer as the most sensitive to TLT, while glioblastoma multiforme was the least sensitive.
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Strong AL, Spreadborough PJ, Dey D, Yang P, Li S, Lee A, Haskins RM, Grimm PD, Kumar R, Bradley MJ, Yu PB, Levi B, Davis TA. BMP Ligand Trap ALK3-Fc Attenuates Osteogenesis and Heterotopic Ossification in Blast-Related Lower Extremity Trauma. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:91-105. [PMID: 33256557 PMCID: PMC7826435 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic heterotopic ossification (tHO) commonly develops in wounded service members who sustain high-energy and blast-related traumatic amputations. Currently, no safe and effective preventive measures have been identified for this patient population. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling blockade has previously been shown to reduce ectopic bone formation in genetic models of HO. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of small-molecule inhibition with LDN193189 (ALK2/ALK3 inhibition), LDN212854 (ALK2-biased inhibition), and BMP ligand trap ALK3-Fc at inhibiting early and late osteogenic differentiation of tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) harvested from mice subjected to burn/tenotomy, a well-characterized trauma-induced model of HO. Using an established rat tHO model of blast-related extremity trauma and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, a significant decrease in ectopic bone volume was observed by micro-computed tomography imaging following treatment with LDN193189, LDN212854, and ALK3-Fc. The efficacy of LDN193189 and LDN212854 in this model was associated with weight loss (17%-19%) within the first two postoperative weeks, and in the case of LDN193189, delayed wound healing and metastatic infection was observed, while ALK3-Fc was well tolerated. At day 14 following injury, RNA-Seq and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that ALK3-Fc enhanced the expression of skeletal muscle structural genes and myogenic transcriptional factors while inhibiting the expression of inflammatory genes. Tissue-resident MPCs harvested from rats treated with ALK3-Fc exhibited reduced osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and self-renewal capacity and diminished expression of genes associated with endochondral ossification and SMAD-dependent signaling pathways. Together, these results confirm the contribution of BMP signaling in osteogenic differentiation and ectopic bone formation and that a selective ligand-trap approach such as ALK3-Fc may be an effective and tolerable prophylactic strategy for tHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Strong
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip J. Spreadborough
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Devaveena Dey
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peiran Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuli Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan M. Haskins
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick D. Grimm
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Acceleron Pharma, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew J. Bradley
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul B. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas A. Davis
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Li F, Sun A, Cheng G, Liu D, Xiao J, Zhao Z, Dong Z. Compound C Protects Against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Through Pleiotropic Effects. Front Physiol 2021; 11:614244. [PMID: 33424637 PMCID: PMC7785967 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.614244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AICAR (Acadesine/AICA riboside) as an activator of AMPK, can protect renal tubular cells from cisplatin induced apoptosis. But in our experiment, the dorsomorphin (compound C, an inhibitor of AMPK) also significantly reduced cisplatin induced renal tubular cells apoptosis. Accordingly, we tested whether compound C can protect cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and the specific mechanism. Here, we treated Boston University mouse proximal tubular cells (BUMPT-306) with cisplatin and/or different dosages of AICAR (Acadesine/AICA riboside) or compound C to confirm the effect of AICAR and compound C in vitro. The AMPK-siRNA treated cells to evaluate whether the protective effect of compound C was through inhibiting AMPK. Male C57BL/6 mice were used to verify the effect of compound C in vivo. Both compound C and AICAR can reduce renal tubular cells apoptosis in dose-dependent manners, and compound C decreased serum creatinine and renal tubular injury induced by cisplatin. Mechanistically, compound C inhibited P53, CHOP and p-IREα during cisplatin treatment. Our results demonstrated that compound C inhibited AMPK, but the renal protective effects of compound C were not through AMPK. Instead, compound C protected cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting P53 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, compound C may protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anbang Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Yang X, Chen Z, Chen C, Han C, Zhou Y, Li X, Tian H, Cheng X, Zhang K, Qin A, Zhou T, Zhao J. Bleomycin induces fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells to treat height loss of intervertebral disc through the TGFβR1/Smad2/3 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:34. [PMID: 33413668 PMCID: PMC7791639 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lower back pain is often accredited to loss of intervertebral disc (IVD) height and compromised spine stability as a result of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). We aim to locally use bleomycin to induce the fibrotic transformation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a means to induce reparative fibrosis to slow down the height loss. Methods IVDs from patients were gathered for histological examination. The expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β) signaling pathway was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, annulus fibrosus (AF) cells, and the rats’ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were cultured and their responsiveness to bleomycin was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8, comet assay, transwell migration, and wound healing assays. Rat IVDD models were created by puncture and rescued by bleomycin injection, and the effectiveness was evaluated by images (X-ray and MRI) and atomic force microscope. Results Histological examination showed increased levels of pro-fibrotic markers in IVDD tissues from patients. AF cells and BMSC cells were induced to adopt a pro-fibrotic phenotype with increased expression fibrotic markers Col1a1, Col3a1, and FSP1. The pro-fibrotic effect of bleomycin on AF cells and BMSCs was in part due to the activation of the TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition or gene knock-down of TGFβR1 could mitigate the pro-fibrotic effects. Conclusion Locally, injection of bleomycin in rats’ IVD induced rapid fibrosis and maintained its height through the TGFβ-TGFβR1-SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunlin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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Iwasa M, Takezoe S, Kitaura N, Sutani T, Miyazaki H, Aoi W. A milk casein hydrolysate-derived peptide enhances glucose uptake through the AMP-activated protein kinase signalling pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:496-505. [PMID: 33369793 DOI: 10.1113/ep088770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How do common active ingredients contained in both Lactobacillus helveticus-fermented milk and milk casein hydrolysate (MCH) enhance glucose metabolism by skeletal muscle? What is the main finding and its importance? MCH enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by stimulating AMP-activated kinase, but not insulin, signalling. Moreover, the MCH-derived specific peptide Ile-Pro-Pro mimicked this effect, suggesting a mechanism for MCH-induced metabolic improvement. ABSTRACT Improvement of glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle has a key role in exercise performance and prevention of metabolic diseases. In our previous study, we showed that intake of milk casein hydrolysate improves glucose metabolism in humans, but the mechanism of action was not elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of milk casein hydrolysate and its derived peptides on glucose uptake and glucose metabolic signalling in cultured skeletal muscle cells. Differentiated C2C12 myotubes were used for the experiments. The differentiated cells were incubated with milk casein hydrolysate, valine-proline-proline and isoleucine-proline-proline. Subsequently, the rate of 2-deoxy-glucose uptake and the phosphorylation levels of insulin-dependent and -independent signalling factors were examined. We found that the rate of 2-deoxy-glucose uptake in both milk casein hydrolysate and isoleucine-proline-proline-treated cells was higher than that in the control cells. Immunoblotting assays showed that the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase, a rate-limiting factor in insulin-independent signalling, and of liver kinase B1, an upstream factor of AMP-activated protein kinase, in both milk casein hydrolysate and isoleucine-proline-proline-treated cells were higher than those in the control cells. Such significant effects were not observed after treatment with valine-proline-proline. Moreover, the insulin-dependent signalling was not significantly affected under the different conditions. The findings of our study suggest that milk casein hydrolysate enhances glucose uptake by activating insulin-independent AMP-activated protein kinase signalling in skeletal muscle cells, which might be mediated by a milk casein hydrolysate-derived peptide, namely, isoleucine-proline-proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Iwasa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Kacho University, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shiina Takezoe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Kitaura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sutani
- Food Safety Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd, Moriya, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Miyazaki
- Core Technology Laboratories, Asahi Quality & Innovations, Ltd, Moriya, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Wojtaszek E, Glogowski T, Malyszko J. Iron and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still a Challenge. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:565135. [PMID: 33392212 PMCID: PMC7775475 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.565135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a clinical feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Most common causes are iron and erythropoietin deficiency. The last two decades have yielded significant advances in understanding iron balance's physiology, including iron trafficking and the crosstalk between iron, oxygen, and erythropoiesis. This knowledge sheds new light on the regulation and disturbance of iron homeostasis in CKD and holds the promise for developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve the management of iron disorders. Hepcidin-ferroportin axis has a central role in regulating body iron balance and coordinating communication between tissues and cells that acquire, store, and utilize iron. Recent research has revealed a bidirectional relationship between fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and iron status, anemia, and inflammation, as well as the role of erythroferrone (ERFE) in iron homeostasis. However, ERFE concentrations and actions are not well-characterized in CKD patients. Studies on ERFE in CKD are limited with slightly conflicting results. Despite general interest in iron metabolism in kidney diseases, studies on the less prevalent renal replacement therapy mode, such as peritoneal dialysis or hemodiafiltration, are scarce. Slightly more was published on hemodialysis. There are several novel options on the horizon; however, clinical data are limited. One should be aware of the potential risks and benefits of the novel, sophisticated therapies. An inhibition of hepcidin on the different pathways might be also a viable adjunctive therapeutic option in other clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jolanta Malyszko
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Diseases, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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41
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Rogers KW, ElGamacy M, Jordan BM, Müller P. Optogenetic investigation of BMP target gene expression diversity. eLife 2020; 9:58641. [PMID: 33174840 PMCID: PMC7728441 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling molecules activate distinct patterns of gene expression to coordinate embryogenesis, but how spatiotemporal expression diversity is generated is an open question. In zebrafish, a BMP signaling gradient patterns the dorsal-ventral axis. We systematically identified target genes responding to BMP and found that they have diverse spatiotemporal expression patterns. Transcriptional responses to optogenetically delivered high- and low-amplitude BMP signaling pulses indicate that spatiotemporal expression is not fully defined by different BMP signaling activation thresholds. Additionally, we observed negligible correlations between spatiotemporal expression and transcription kinetics for the majority of analyzed genes in response to BMP signaling pulses. In contrast, spatial differences between BMP target genes largely collapsed when FGF and Nodal signaling were inhibited. Our results suggest that, similar to other patterning systems, combinatorial signaling is likely to be a major driver of spatial diversity in BMP-dependent gene expression in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine W Rogers
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad ElGamacy
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Heliopolis Biotechnology Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin M Jordan
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Patrick Müller
- Systems Biology of Development Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Tübingen, Germany.,Modeling Tumorigenesis Group, Translational Oncology Division, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Thomas L, Smith N, Saunders D, Zalles M, Gulej R, Lerner M, Fung KM, Carcaboso AM, Towner RA. OKlahoma Nitrone-007: novel treatment for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Transl Med 2020; 18:424. [PMID: 33168005 PMCID: PMC7654606 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the most common brainstem cancer in childhood. This rapidly progressing brainstem glioma holds a very dismal prognosis with median survival of less than 1 year. Despite extensive research, no significant therapeutic advancements have been made to improve overall survival in DIPG patients. METHODS Here, we used an orthotopic xenograft pediatric DIPG (HSJD-DIPG-007) mouse model to monitor the effects of anti-cancer agent, OKlahoma Nitrone-007 (OKN-007), as an inhibitor of tumor growth after 28 days of treatment. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we confirmed the previously described efficacy of LDN-193189, a known activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) inhibitor, in decreasing tumor burden and found that OKN-007 was equally efficacious. RESULTS After 28 days of treatment, the tumor volumes were significantly decreased in OKN-007 treated mice (p < 0.01). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), as a measure of tissue structural alterations, was significantly decreased in OKN-007 treated tumor-bearing mice (p < 0.0001). Histological analysis also showed a significant decrease in CD34 expression, essential for angiogenesis, of OKN-007 treated mice (p < 0.05) compared to LDN-193189 treated mice. OKN-007-treated mice also significantly decreased protein expression of the human nuclear antigen (HNA) (p < 0.001), ACVR1 (p < 0.0001), and c-MET (p < 0.05), as well as significantly increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 (p < 0.001) and histone H3 K27-trimethylation (p < 0.01), compared to untreated mouse tumors. CONCLUSIONS With the dismal prognosis and limited effective chemotherapy available for DIPG, there is significant room for continued research studies, and OKN-007 merits further exploration as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincy Thomas
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- The Jimmy Everest Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders in Children, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern in the Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Pharmaceutical Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Megan Lerner
- Surgery Research Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Angel M Carcaboso
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Juan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rheal A Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Sanchez-Duffhues G, Williams E, Goumans MJ, Heldin CH, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors: Structure, function and targeting by selective small molecule kinase inhibitors. Bone 2020; 138:115472. [PMID: 32522605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted cytokines that control the fate and function of many different cell types. They exert their cellular responses via heteromeric complexes of specific BMP type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors, e.g. BMPRIA and BMPRII. Three type II and four type I receptors, also termed activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs), have been identified. The constitutively active type II kinase phosphorylates the type I receptor, which upon activation initiates intracellular signaling by phosphorylating SMAD effectors. Auxiliary cell surface receptors without intrinsic enzymatic motifs, such as Endoglin and Repulsive guidance molecules (RGM), can fine-tune signaling by regulating the interaction of the BMP ligands with the BMPRs. The functional annotation of the BMPR encoding genes has helped to understand underlying mechanisms of diseases in which these genes are mutated. Loss of function mutations in BMPRII, Endoglin or RGMc are causally linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and juvenile hemochromatosis, respectively. In contrast, gain of function mutations in ACVR1, encoding ALK2, are linked to Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Here, we discuss BMPR identification, structure and function in health and disease. Moreover, we highlight the therapeutic promise of small chemical compounds that act as selective BMPR kinase inhibitors to normalize overactive BMPR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sanchez-Duffhues
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Eleanor Williams
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marie-Jose Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Oncode Institute, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Smil D, Wong JF, Williams EP, Adamson RJ, Howarth A, McLeod DA, Mamai A, Kim S, Wilson BJ, Kiyota T, Aman A, Owen J, Poda G, Horiuchi KY, Kuznetsova E, Ma H, Hamblin JN, Cramp S, Roberts OG, Edwards AM, Uehling D, Al-Awar R, Bullock AN, O'Meara JA, Isaac MB. Leveraging an Open Science Drug Discovery Model to Develop CNS-Penetrant ALK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10061-10085. [PMID: 32787083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are currently no effective chemotherapeutic drugs approved for the treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), an aggressive pediatric cancer resident in the pons region of the brainstem. Radiation therapy is beneficial but not curative, with the condition being uniformly fatal. Analysis of the genomic landscape surrounding DIPG has revealed that activin receptor-like kinase-2 (ALK2) constitutes a potential target for therapeutic intervention given its dysregulation in the disease. We adopted an open science approach to develop a series of potent, selective, orally bioavailable, and brain-penetrant ALK2 inhibitors based on the lead compound LDN-214117. Modest structural changes to the C-3, C-4, and C-5 position substituents of the core pyridine ring afforded compounds M4K2009, M4K2117, and M4K2163, each with a superior potency, selectivity, and/or blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration profile. Robust in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and tolerability mark these inhibitors as advanced preclinical compounds suitable for further development and evaluation in orthotopic models of DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smil
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Jong Fu Wong
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor P Williams
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Roslin J Adamson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Howarth
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - David A McLeod
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Mamai
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Brian J Wilson
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Taira Kiyota
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Julie Owen
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Gennady Poda
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kurumi Y Horiuchi
- Reaction Biology Corp., Suite 2, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Ekaterina Kuznetsova
- Reaction Biology Corp., Suite 2, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Haiching Ma
- Reaction Biology Corp., Suite 2, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - J Nicole Hamblin
- Charles River Discovery, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Waldon, Essex CB10 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Cramp
- Charles River Discovery, 8-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Owen G Roberts
- M4K Pharma, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Aled M Edwards
- M4K Pharma, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - David Uehling
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 4207, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alex N Bullock
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff A O'Meara
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada.,M4K Pharma, 101 College Street, MaRS Centre, South Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Methvin B Isaac
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, MaRS Centre, West Tower, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
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45
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Vincent E, Villiard E, Sader F, Dhakal S, Kwok BH, Roy S. BMP signaling is essential for sustaining proximo-distal progression in regenerating axolotl limbs. Development 2020; 147:dev.170829. [PMID: 32665245 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amputation of a salamander limb triggers a regeneration process that is perfect. A limited number of genes have been studied in this context and even fewer have been analyzed functionally. In this work, we use the BMP signaling inhibitor LDN193189 on Ambystoma mexicanum to explore the role of BMPs in regeneration. We find that BMP signaling is required for proper expression of various patterning genes and that its inhibition causes major defects in the regenerated limbs. Fgf8 is downregulated when BMP signaling is blocked, but ectopic injection of either human or axolotl protein did not rescue the defects. By administering LDN193189 treatments at different time points during regeneration, we show clearly that limb regeneration progresses in a proximal to distal fashion. This demonstrates that BMPs play a major role in patterning of regenerated limbs and that regeneration is a progressive process like development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Eric Villiard
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Fadi Sader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sabin Dhakal
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Kwok
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada .,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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46
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Wang H, Ni Z, Yang J, Li M, Liu L, Pan X, Xu L, Wang X, Fang S. IL-1β promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the BMP/Smad pathway within a certain concentration range. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3001-3008. [PMID: 32855666 PMCID: PMC7444350 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors play an important role in the process of fracture healing. The influence of interleukin (IL)-1β, a key inflammatory factory, on new bone formation has been controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether IL-1β affects the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MBMMSCs), and examined its effective concentration range and molecular mechanism of action. MBMMSC proliferation in the presence of IL-1β was observed using a Cell-Counting Kit-8 assay, and the effect of IL-1β on MBMMSC apoptosis was examined via flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase assay, Alizarin Red staining and quantitative assays were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of MBMMSCs. The expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). It was demonstrated that within a concentration range of 0.01-1 ng/ml, IL-1β promoted osteogenic differentiation of MBMMSCs and did not induce apoptosis. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results indicated that IL-1β increased osteogenic gene expression within this concentration range. Moreover, Western blotting results identified that the bone morphogenetic protein/Smad (BMP/Smad) signaling pathway was significantly activated by IL-1β under osteogenic conditions. Therefore, the present results suggested that within a certain concentration range, IL-1β promoted osteogenic differentiation and function of MBMMSCs via the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huainan First People's Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Hefei First People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Xuejie Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Xujin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230000, P.R. China
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47
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Collins MP, Stransky LA, Forgac M. AKT Ser/Thr kinase increases V-ATPase-dependent lysosomal acidification in response to amino acid starvation in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9433-9444. [PMID: 32409581 PMCID: PMC7363138 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an ATP-dependent proton pump that is essential for cellular homeostasis. V-ATPase activity is controlled by the regulated assembly of the enzyme from its component V1 and V0 domains. We previously reported that amino acid starvation rapidly increases V-ATPase assembly and activity in mammalian lysosomes, but the signaling pathways controlling this effect are unknown. In testing inhibitors of pathways important for controlling cellular metabolism, we found here that the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor H89 increases lysosomal V-ATPase activity and blocks any further change upon starvation. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor dorsomorphin decreased lysosomal V-ATPase activity and also blocked any increase upon starvation. However, CRISPR-mediated gene editing revealed that PKA and AMPK are not required for the starvation-dependent increase in lysosomal V-ATPase activity, indicating that H89 and dorsomorphin modify V-ATPase activity through other cellular targets. We next found that the AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT) inhibitor MK2206 blocks the starvation-dependent increase in lysosomal V-ATPase activity without altering basal activity. Expression of AKT1 or AKT3, but not AKT2, was required for increased lysosomal V-ATPase activity in response to amino acid starvation in mouse fibroblasts. Finally, HEK293T cells expressing only AKT1 responded normally to starvation, whereas cells expressing only AKT2 displayed a significantly reduced increase in V-ATPase activity and assembly upon starvation. These results show that AKT is required for controlling the rapid response of lysosomal V-ATPase activity to changes in amino acid availability and that this response depends on specific AKT isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Collins
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura A Stransky
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Forgac
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Lee MS, Wan J, Goldman D. Tgfb3 collaborates with PP2A and notch signaling pathways to inhibit retina regeneration. eLife 2020; 9:55137. [PMID: 32396062 PMCID: PMC7250569 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal degeneration in the zebrafish retina stimulates Müller glia (MG) to proliferate and generate multipotent progenitors for retinal repair. Controlling this proliferation is critical to successful regeneration. Previous studies reported that retinal injury stimulates pSmad3 signaling in injury-responsive MG. Contrary to these findings, we report pSmad3 expression is restricted to quiescent MG and suppressed in injury-responsive MG. Our data indicates that Tgfb3 is the ligand responsible for regulating pSmad3 expression. Remarkably, although overexpression of either Tgfb1b or Tgfb3 can stimulate pSmad3 expression in the injured retina, only Tgfb3 inhibits injury-dependent MG proliferation; suggesting the involvement of a non-canonical Tgfb signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Alk5, PP2A or Notch signaling rescues MG proliferation in Tgfb3 overexpressing zebrafish. Finally, we report that this Tgfb3 signaling pathway is active in zebrafish MG, but not those in mice, which may contribute to the different regenerative capabilities of MG from fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jin Wan
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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49
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Schauer A, Pinheiro D, Hauschild R, Heisenberg CP. Zebrafish embryonic explants undergo genetically encoded self-assembly. eLife 2020; 9:55190. [PMID: 32250246 PMCID: PMC7190352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell cultures are thought to self-organize into embryoid bodies, able to undergo symmetry-breaking, germ layer specification and even morphogenesis. Yet, it is unclear how to reconcile this remarkable self-organization capacity with classical experiments demonstrating key roles for extrinsic biases by maternal factors and/or extraembryonic tissues in embryogenesis. Here, we show that zebrafish embryonic tissue explants, prepared prior to germ layer induction and lacking extraembryonic tissues, can specify all germ layers and form a seemingly complete mesendoderm anlage. Importantly, explant organization requires polarized inheritance of maternal factors from dorsal-marginal regions of the blastoderm. Moreover, induction of endoderm and head-mesoderm, which require peak Nodal-signaling levels, is highly variable in explants, reminiscent of embryos with reduced Nodal signals from the extraembryonic tissues. Together, these data suggest that zebrafish explants do not undergo bona fide self-organization, but rather display features of genetically encoded self-assembly, where intrinsic genetic programs control the emergence of order.
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50
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Dorsomorphin: A novel inhibitor of Dickkopf-1 in breast cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:360-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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